u.s. with michael planty and paulette sullivan moore. "washington journal" is next. ♪ >> it is 25 days until election 2014, 15% of americans are paying close attention. what about you? we went to hear what you think about election 2014. what are some of the issues important to you? some of the races you are following? what do you look for in a candidate. 585-3881 four republicans. 2-585-3882 for democrats.

sent us and email, journal@c-span.org. an article from a couple days ago. of americans said they were following the 2014 midterm elections very closely. than half the number that said they were tracking the ebola virus, 36%, or u.s. .irstrikes against isis less than the 21% of the people paying attention to the secret service. most people do not care about midterm elections. like, at all. "the cillizza in washington post." hard for any story to be "the"

of fracturedrld media consumption. they will be lots of media coverage in the final months. is likely to increase. for most people, the midterms are a nonevent. here's "the hill." an underfunded independent has tern decelerate upside down -- turned the senate rate upside down. he told the hill that if elected, he'd be a friend of obama in the senate.

surging in the race. that's a little bit from the south dakota senate race. we want your point of view on election 2014. ed in frederick, maryland. are you paying attention? caller: i'm looking at the economy. i have not gotten a raise in five years. i don't think the economy is going very well. i'm looking at who is going to state the facts. i hear a lot of people telling me how great the economy is. i have not experienced that.

my income is entirely flat and my expenses have gone up ridiculously over the last five years. i am looking at foreign issues. it looks as though our current disorganizedy is and incompetent. i'm hoping that somebody will make some sense out of what is going on. got a governors race in maryland. larry hogan and anthony brown. who are you supporting and why? guest: larry hogan. we need a change in maryland. the highest tax state in maryland, we even have a tax on

the rain. no realism about what is good for the economy. businesses are leaving in droves. john is a, democrat. are you paying attention? yes.: -- caller: talking about the scott brown race. he is gaining points against jeanne shaheen. he lost against, i forget her name, in massachusetts. he is running in new hampshire. vote democratic this time. host: are you a swing voter. caller: yes. i'll go democrat this time. last time i went with the

republicans, our jobless rate was increasing. a lot of companies leaving new hampshire. maggie hassan has been governor, i want to maintain that. evangeline in maryland. caller: good morning. host: what are your thoughts? caller: i'm definitely paying attention. i'm paying attention to local politics. we have a governor's race going on right now. issuesing attention to with police violence on the streets. the newing attention to casino that opened and the money

that is supposed to go to our schools. attention to national politics. i believe the democrats will hold the senate but i am paying attention. i'm concerned about the ebola epidemic. and our response and a worldwide response. host: thank you. grimes votell," did for obama? refusedundergan grimes to say whether she voted for president obama during a thursday interview. grimes said she was a delegate for hillary clinton -- ne

glected to say she was a delegate for obama in 2012. "i know the members of the theorial board respect sanctity of the voting box." from odistance herself bama. james in georgia. big governor's and big senate race. are you paying attention? caller: yes. want michelle nunn another candidate. host: you think republicans in

georgia are negative towards african-americans? why? caller: i've heard a lot of stuff. host: are you an activist, or do you vote? caller: i just vote. host: what do you do? caller: i work. host: thank you for calling. dennis in south dakota. who are you supporting for senate? i'm a registered republican but i'm concerned about mike rounds. especially with the ab5 program. wereeral thing where they getting money to the chinese,

apiece to $500,000 invest in this packing plant in south decoder. it was a pathway to citizenship. has that been the focus of some of the campaign commercials? caller: yes. host: who is running that? the democrats or larry pressler? caller: both. host: who are you going to vote for? caller: this is where my dilemma comes in. i wonder about rounds. evading the issue. it's wondering about his honesty

and transparency. my concernressler, is who will he caucus with? looks like he's going to favor the democrats and be a friend of obama. even though i'm apprehensive i'll probablynds, vote for him because i feel it is necessary that the republicans take the senate. host: mike rounds served as governor of south dakota. caller: yes. host: did you vote for him? caller: yes. host: what do you do? caller: i'm retired. host: from? caller: primarily animal health field. animal nutrition.

primarily cattle. host: thank you for calling. george, republican and texas. good morning. caller: good morning. host: how closely are you following election 2014. you got to turn down the tv. listen to your phone and go ahead. we are going to put george on hold and move on to steve in haymarket. in haymarket, virginia, independent line. have you voted both republican and democrat in the past? caller: yes. right now, i am really mad at the republicans. money they should have gone to make ken cuccinelli governor, they gave it to thad cochran. we have a better guy -- democrats, they brought that

flu virus from honduras. it's in every school in america. symptoms can go as far as polio. there are children dying from that. i don't know how the american people are going to be comfortable voting for a party that did that. george bush was engaged in .frica, had ebola under control obama disengaged from africa. we were in iraq. fixingwere doing is water and sewage treatment plants and responding to the iranian army. hand, the $100r billion stimulus package, all that went to democrat donors.

an interesting little scenario here. host: back to george in texas, republican line. we will put the numbers up if you want to participate. election 2014. george, we are listening. go ahead and tell us about your views on election 2014. caller: my views on election 2014 -- it is a shame that you don't have to have voters id to vote. i can go and tell them who i am, am. won't know shwho i host: you think you should have an id to vote? caller: sure. had one.ys i am 78 years old. i thought all the time. time.ote all the i vote straight republican. host: have you always been a

republican? caller: i've always been a republican wherever i go. thank you.host: george mentioned the voter id laws. supreme court blocks wisconsin's voter id law. in "the new york times." requiringficials from voters to provide identification. 3 more conservative members dissented.

was provisionally reinstated last month." the voter identification law issue is one that is going to play out in the next week five days. we will hear about that. tammy in maryland, democrats line. good morning. what are some of the issues important to you? i am paying attention. i think the issues that are important to me, there are issues on the local level in frederick county, maryland. on a larger stage, i'm concerned with foreign policy. a lot of the unrest in the world.

violence.gain, police things that are going wrong. all the shootings and harassment of minorities. i don't know what is going on in this country. inequality. it seems like this overall mantra against women and birth control and access to abortion. i don't know what century we are living in anymore. i am voting democrat and supporting anthony brown. i am supportive of the president. i am happy that the unemployment rate continues to go down. on.e got to keep on keeping keep going in the same direction. thanks. host: bruce, mississippi, republican line. what are your thoughts? caller: i was calling because i wanted to say something about the candidate in kentucky who said she was asked a question and she would not answer.

i've been a republican since 1978, since high school. i'm african-american, a lincoln republican. anyone to doct anything for me. i can take care of myself. she would not answer the question. she should have spoken the truth palinid between sarah versus biden, i made the best choice for my country. that is what we all do. i'm a veteran, i was in the air force. when it gets down to the we elect and who president, it does not matter who is in the white house. once we are there, we support them. even in an election, we are a people, ok? to make the best decisions we can. my cut debate what have been my choice. he was a little too religious. mccain was my first choice,

when he picked sarah, i couldn't do that. you had a pretty heated primary down there in mississippi. did you support thad cochran? or the gentleman backed by the tea party? theer: don't get me wrong, tea party has very good intentions. very good. they are misdirected. they need guidance. unfortunately, anger does not solve problems. have to prevail. we are all in this thing together. if it sinks, the rich will survive. middle-class folks are in trouble. i used to be a stockbroker for

merrill lynch. wendy.com thing happened, i found another job. thingn the dot com happened, i found another job. when obama was giving his paying for it out of my pocket with veterans money. i could not get a job because there was not available. years old. i never stop trying. that's what it means to be a republican. . do not need anybody my unemployment ran out and i started making different choices. now, i drive a mus. -- i drive a bus. nightmare.egabus, a

a guy got jumped on because the guy would not give him his luggage. it's not the appropriate setting. i've had a lot -- feel unique or lonely being an african-american republican? caller: it used to make people very angry until i could support what i believe. republican, i got into the party only because there was an expression i heard in high school. you keep your friends close by your enemies closer. and i came into the republican party. when i came in and i realized , it my enemy was my friend

had to take the truth. from there, even if i stand alone. thank you for calling. james is an independent in grover, missouri. good morning, you are on the "washington journal." talking about campaign election 2014. caller: yes. i believe that anyone who wants to enter congress, no matter what level, to the president, even, the highest police officer should beion, they required to take a lie detector test. i don't want to know anything about their personal background. i want to know about how honest the individual is. will he pursue honesty on behalf of the american public? cecil in cary, north

carolina, democrat. what is your view? really -- this thing here -- the election depends on whether people get through and to vote for who they want. the thing that is in the balance , their id. it was struck down by the court. i have an issue with the passports. passports cost as much as $150. host: let's go back to the election. you have a big center right. -- big senate race. kay hagan or thom tillis? hagan seems like she

is the only sensible one in north carolina. she's wired right. host: thanks. thel in louisiana on independent line. i've been paying andntion to mary landrieu delicacy. -- and bill casey. man, it's crazy. a lot of negative ads. mary landrieu is putting holes in the ads.

that stuff,nd all he voted against and is trying to backtrack. he is not telling the truth. i'm really paying attention to that. votingar, i'm definitely democrat. mary landrieu has my full support and i'm going to have my family and friends backing her. i think she is doing the best that she can. she's doing a lot. the thing that she did for the , the with the challenge military challenge for the youth was a great thing. she has done a lot of positive things. newspaper,"the hill" john boehner and politics behind obama immigration delight. -- delay. accused obama of raw politics

for delaying immigration. next call is shea in wisconsin. independent line. caller: hi, good morning. getnt to let people know to out and vote. it is very important, especially in wisconsin. a big debate tonight. i want people to watch that and do not vote. host: which debate? the good editorial debate -- the

governors debate. caller: i am going to vote for mary burke. i feel that scott walker is a minion to the koch brothers. with a lot the other republican governors. chaosot understand the congress and the senate. i wish they could get out and get new people that are going to support the american people and not so much the corporations host: it looks like scott walker lead.six-point is the alaska poll. i had the wrong walker. how close is the race? caller: walker is up by 3 or

four points. it's a pretty close race. debate is happening tonight. that will be live on c-span, 8:00 p.m. mary burke and scott walker. 8:00 p.m. eastern time, 7:00 p.m. in wisconsin. steve in trenton, michigan. democrat. caller: good morning. host: election 2014. caller: i've already voted. host: who did you vote for? i voted a straight democrat ticket. i'm a good democrat. host: why are you a good democrat? why are you a democrat? caller: i believe in the

democrat philosophy. they had a plan for what they are going to do in terms of their policy and their philosophy. i agree. host: did you want to say something else? id, but ie voter think is not discussed is that it is not so much about voter id. everyone should have a voter id. sinister on the republican party, they try to restrict voting in various states. that is an outrage. i think all republicans should feel ashamed of themselves. marietta, georgia, independent line. caller: how are you doing this morning. host: what you think about campaign 2014? caller: i will have to lean towards the republicans. he is the worst president in history. everything he touches -- employs thousands of people,

what is wrong -- the country is going socialist. bye. congressional staffers favor senator rand paul for president, but are disappointed in republicans senator cruz and senator rubio, according to bestngtonian magazine's and worst of congress list, published thursday. staffers surveyed for the list rated mr. paul the biggest star on castle best capitol hill, along with one of the best public speakers come along with mr. rubio. republicans, call (202) 585-3881 , democrats, call (202) 585-3880

, independents, call (202) 585-3882. .kip is in virginia beach how closely are you following the election. ? caller: somewhat very iwatch c-span fairly often. i wanted to make a comment about that article you just read. i suppose we are to believe that they do nothing for political reasons? host: i'm just reading the article. you can ask that question, rhetorically, but no one will answer you. caller: but that's the question i have. host: what is your answer? caller: i think they do everything for political purposes. just like they all do. i wouldn't give you two cents for either party. host: the senate race in virginia, where you? caller: i think warner may have more common sense, and interest in the actual people's business

as the post of their own -- as opposed to their own. byt: currently he is upped 10 points. derek is in austin, texas. democrats line. caller: good morning. host: we are listening. caller: it is 6:30 here in austin, texas. i have been listening to the comments about voting. i would like to say that this mess.y is one big racist all i have heard is a bunch of old white men complaining about the structure. save your retirement, go somewhere else. we are sick of it. let's get together and make this country great. we are tired of this ignorant racism in the country. calling the president and coptic, these are stupid come old white men. host: if someone doesn't like

the president, is that a racial comment? derek? bill is up next in do we, oklahoma. republican line. caller: good morning. i listen to all this stuff. it is aggravating at times. most of it is nothing but a bunch of garbage. i am a republican. but i will vote democrat. left thens have american people, in my opinion. there is only one place for it -- the only ones they support for the wealthy and the rich. i will vote democrat. they blame harry reid for this that has but anybody any common sense knows in the senate, it takes 60 votes to bring a bill up to even vote on

it. and republicans continually vote down every bill. they won't even let it be voted on. but then they blame harry reid for it. it's not him. it is republicans. and republicans have voted against everything in the world that his even been brought up. any type of build it would help the common people, republicans say no. but that is just my opinion. host: that is bill in oklahoma. that is glenn in tennessee. democrat. caller: i agree with the last caller. i also feel that the republican party is a party of racism. hello? host: we are listening. caller: the reason i say that is because -- it's just like if

someone robbed a bank, and i'm the driver, i'm with him. the republican party never says in their party. they can come out against everything that anybody stands for, the common people. they never come out and say this is wrong, but that's wrong. [indiscernible] where is gallatin, tennessee? caller: south americas. host: what do you do? caller: right now, i'm disabled. host: susan, casper, wyoming.

independents line. what is your take on election 2014? caller: i have no hope. i think which you are hearing from the majority of callers is that the ordinary, common person has lost any kind of voice in this country. it is bought and sold by the wealthy. there is no hope. i don't know why we should even vote. host: what are the issues important to you? caller: the wage gap, health , police bertelli -- brutality. -- massrceration incarceration of our people. just the basic things that make life worth living. they don't seem to exist like they did back in the 50's or

60's. one wage earner cannot support eight children and still go on vacation. and have a pension and health care, and go to church on sunday. it is just too hard. it is just too difficult. to survive incult this world today, in this country. and it is a shame. died,cestors fought and and struggled to come and build this marvelous place that we call home. and we are letting ago. -- it go. it is disappearing. in the "washington post," anticipated, gop's easy wins turn into nailbiter's. the midterm elections have looked like the deck stacked in

favor of republicans, but his campaign season heads into the final weeks, wildcards are on the table in states where the gop had been expecting easy victories. come inst twist has south dakota, a conservative state with an open seat that has not been on the radar screen. all of a sudden, larry pressler is closing the polls with mike browns and rick weiland. in georgia, david for do has made some missteps that have opponent. democratic there is also a libertarian in that race. even the marquee contest is not settled down as many expected it to. the most recent poll in kentucky has the democratic challenger holding a two-point lead over senator republican leader mitch mcconnell. a six point gain for grimes sent the previous poll was conducted in august.

all forward publicans may well win, but at a minimum, they are unexpectedly precarious. has the party's wedding in considering whether to divert more resources into states they thought they could take for granted. thegop was facing possibility of libertarian spoilers, and a number of states. senator kay hagan is leading llis. tell us -- thom ti times, obamark sticks to his script for starstruck celebrities at hollywood fundraisers. gwyneth paltrow struck it -- struggled to hold yourself back.

he ran through the issues confronting the country, he praised the close -- the growth of the economy.

that is a little bit from michael smith's article in the "new york times." scott in michigan. democrat, thanks for holding on. go ahead. i have been keeping up with the elections. i am more independent. i usually vote more democrat. but in michigan, i heard one gentleman mentioned terri lynn land and gary peters. some really nasty ads appear. sometimes it is out there. it could be the outside money, it could be the campaign itself. but i'm voting for her. they had one ridiculous ad that said she is anti-women's rights,

and she is a woman. i'm going to vote for a democrat for governor, governor rick snyder seems like a nice guy. he raise taxes on our pensions appear for certain retirees. i'm paying $1300 more a year. others are paying less or none. but we had a deficit up your really bad. all states had to balance their budgets each year, like the federal government. but that pension issue kind of bothers me. i wouldn't mind paying a little bit more, but that was way over what we should have been paying. those of the issues there for me,. -- up here. host: thank you. bob is in philadelphia. independent line. caller: good morning.

i had to respond to bill from oklahoma. , his factshe said are totally wrong. this is a typical example of a low information voter. he says they are blocking harry reid, it is the republicans fault, not harry reid. because harry doesn't have 60 votes. there aren't 60 republicans in the senate. the host, you could probably correct some of these facts. you know how money senators there are, republican and democrat in the senate. maybe make it euro location to correct some of these facts, as howdy people are in these houses -- how many people are in these houses. harry reid doesn't bring things to the floor, because he doesn't want to embarrass his own party. half the democrats don't vote for the bill either. host: the governor's race,

pennsylvania, who are you supporting? vote for'm going to corbett, even though i am disappointed in him. he was supposed to privatize liquor stores, and he didn't do that. tax, i gothe gas right across the river to new jersey, and i'm saving $.55 a gallon of gas just by going across the river. commercial of tom corbett, he says we are going to charge these oil companies and extraction tax. we are going to make them pay for our schools. you think they are just going to sit on that tax? they are going to pass on to the consumers at the pump. we are still going to end up paying for it. sound silly.us that's just going to come down to us. host: this is larry, in fort worth. caller: hello. am a 623s larry, i

rural democrat. -- 63-year-old democrat. my grandparents all voted republican. the whole neighborhood, all the black voters voted for what eisenhower -- dwight eisenhower. after the civil rights act, everybody went towards democrats. they all went towards democrats, excuse me, i am nervous. host: it's ok. we are listening. don't look at the tv. caller: i won't look at the tv. we all voted republican. after the civil rights act, we all became democrats. because we try to vote our interests.

the whites only back -- all went back to republicans. bad forn, the south was democrats. they had to deal with the alabama governor. reason thee republican party is so racist kkk membership has more than tripled since obama has been president. find one kkknot member that is a democrat. that's all he wanted to say. host: larry in fort worth. senate math seems impossible to some democrats, four weeks away in the 2014 midterms. some democratic operatives struggled to imagine a scenario where they remain in control of the senate. the current momentum seems all but overwhelming and against them. wethe "wall street journal,"

want show you pat robertson kansas. -- roberts, in kansas. sanders is in detroit. election 2014. you paying attention? caller: yes im. i'm paying attention because there are a lot of folks being misled. it doesn't matter if it is republican or democrat, we need someone in office to tell us the truth. the bottom line is, we have a lot of older men who still believe in all of these old-fashioned issues. we need younger blood in the house, in the state. we need someone to lead us into the century we are in. half of these guys don't even know what the internet looks like. a lot of stuff is done through the internet come on the internet, and if they will get online and pay attention to some of the stuff, they would see

with the voters really want in the states. thank you. host: who are some of those younger people you would like to see in there? caller: i would just like to see some young blood. somebody to get up and put some enthusiasm into their comments, ,ot this same old drawn out same old same old, let's fight about this. host: have you thought about running for office? caller: i wish i would have when i was younger. i think i've gotten too old myself. [laughter] thank you. host: thank you. it is 25 days to the election. are plenty of opportunities to talk about the election. of course, election night, the day after the election. we will be talking about it quite a bit. i want to point out this article as well. the parties by vote of the federal election committee are

now allowed to raise new funds for the conventions they were $32,400 per person to the committees each year. that, for can give convention activities as well, on top of the donations they are giving to the party. i also want to point out the nobel peace prize has been awarded. malala, the 15-year-old pakistan girl who was beaten for going to school. she wrote a book about it. also, to a gentleman from india. they won because of their struggle against the oppression of children and young people, and for the right of all children to an education according to the nobel peace prize committee. in politico, encase you are interested, it looks like bristol palin and her brother

to dogot into a bit of a in alaska. it sounds like alcohol may have been involved. if you want to read that, you can read that in politico. finally, an issue a lot of people are concerned about -- president obama came out on the side of net neutrality while out in california. that is also in politico this morning. talking abouto be ebola, we will be talking about the current military crisis with i.s.i.s., as well as domestic violence. those are worth three upcoming topics this morning on "washington journal." we started off with campaign 2014. we spent a lot of time getting into debates around the country, and bringing them to national television. over 100 debates this campaign season. gubernatorial, senate, and house. here is a house debate that happened last night.

it is a rematch between cheri bustos and her republican challenger, former congress one bobby schilling. here's a little bit of their debate. [video clip] congress has to face more fiscal cliffs. do you support an increase in the debt limit and should seek was ration be permanent -- sequestration be permanent? >> my very first bill attacked government waste and abuse. it identified $200 billion in wasted government spending. i think that is the place when you start before we do anything. my opponent voted not once twice to end the medicare guarantee. that is looking at balancing the budget on the backs of seniors, in my opinion. it would cost seniors each $6,000 in out-of-pocket expenses. that is not the way we need to attack the budget problem we have.

is a veryion dangerous place to go. my opponent voted for that. here is why. that impacted this economy, in this area, by $100 million. we had workers who had to take paychecks home that were less than they were used to taking home. their take on pay was worse. ,hey had to take time off forced time off. and that is the vote he cast. >> mr. schilling? >> i find this interesting. the congresswoman said she was going to end the gridlock, and the dysfunction, the very first opportunity she got, she voted no on all six budgets. when you go to congress, you have to be able to compromise. our congress never had a government shutdown. when i made promises to the people of the district, i kept every single one of them. the incumbent commerce woman had promised to forgo her pay during

the government shutdown. we did some research and found out that she didn't do that. the key thing what we have to do at all costs is to try to avoid sequestration. there is so much waste out there that we could go and capture, and we don't need to go in and start cutting our military so far back to where we can't defend our freedom of the united states of america. >> washington journal continues. host: joining us now is lawrence gostin, director of georgetown university's o'neill institute for national and global health law. what do you do a georgetown? i run the institute, which looks at national and global health law at the law school. i'm a professor, and the director of the anyway joe center -- who center. host: what is the world health organization? guest: it hasn't lived up to its

mission, to be the leading global health coordinator for global health around the world. it was the first agency that was put forward from the united nations in 1948. it had wonderful plans. it has failed badly. w.h.o. was meant to lead for ebola, this is its failure moment. it's funding has been chopped. it has $180 million from the u.s. every year. with that kind of money, what can it do with regard to ebola, and was at currently doing? guest: it can't do very much. it has a budget about one third of the cdc's budget. and it has a global mandate. a couple of years ago, it had a

big budget deficit, and it cut back. most of the epidemic response staff. it is low on staff. has gone from its days of being a global health leader to really a technical organization. i believe that it has to change, because we need the w.h.o. to lead and succeed. but it is incapable of doing it. , then security council united states military, have really stepped into a gap of leadership. i think that is sad. i want to make sure that the caller w.h.o. gets much stronge. host: has the military needed to step in? guest: absolutely. i am proud of my country. we have stepped up, much too little, much too late. but when nobody else would.

we are now calling for other nations to really send in their health personnel, military personnel. it has gone beyond public health. doctors without borders is one of the bravest organizations. they have been working in africa and other places in the world. in 20 years, they have always been against the military. this isthey said, hopeless, we really need to get that kind of logistical command , engineering, into our country. the president has obliged. i am pleased to see that. host: it is october 10. the u.n. is holding a meeting today. there is a hearing down in dallas, which we are covering live. the homeland security department is meeting at the dallas airport to talk about responses to ebola. you have the military going over.

who is taking the lead on this? is it coordinated, do think it needs to be more coordinated? guest: this question of who is in charge has been a huge problem. the fact is, nobody is in charge. there are hundred of ngos, governments, it ain't workers -- aid workers. the government itself is too fragile in some cases, they don't have the stewardship to really be in charge. the united states can't be in charge. they are in liberia, you control their own military. the chineseontrol military, cuban doctors, anything else. and the w.h.o. doesn't want to be in charge. the truth is, we just don't have incident control, where you have a just ask and clarity -- logistics and clarity.

it is fragmented on the ground. host: we are talking about the u.s. and global response to the ebola crisis. republicans, call (202) 585-3881 , democrats, call (202) 585-3880 , independents, call (202) 585-3882. lawrence gostin is our guest, he is with georgetown university, with a background in law and public health. combining those two backgrounds, legally, what can the u.s. do? what do you think the u.s. should do to prevent ebola from coming more into our borders? guest: the first thing we should do is deal with it where the tragedy is occurring, at its source. if you can lower the reservoir of infection, the chances of it coming here or to europe will be lower. in the united states, we spend a lot of time talking about travel bans, travel restrictions. president obama and the cdc just

yesterday announced they would be screening at airports. very dangerous proposals on the table, particularly from senators asking for travel bans. that would've been disastrous, and made matters worse. i think the president did the most measured thing he could do. he is only going to be screening those passengers originating from one of the three most infected countries, sierra leone, guinea, liberia. he is to take her temperature. he is going to be asking them a series of questions. airport authorities are. the next day, canada and the u k followed along. i think it is measured. will keep us safe? probably not. fever screening is very difficult. it is a long incubation period.

thomas duncan would not have been flagged because he was not feverish or symptomatically they are going to be a lot false positives. we are entering peak flu season. havee will more likely malaria or tuberculosis, which mimic the symptoms of ebola. it will divert resources, but hopefully will calm the public and ease the political pressure on the president to do something that could be truly counterproductive. host: right now, would you travel to liberia? guest: i would, but i would not be in direct patient contact.

hugging. in sierra leone, one would just do this. i would make sure to just keep a safe distance from individuals. the big risk of course is patient care. that is a very high risk. host: the cdc director was quoted as saying he is not seen anything like this since aids. guest: i know. , i good friends with tom know why he did it. in my lifetime, i could have never seen anything this catastrophic. but it is different, and it is very different. someone with aids can live a long time, and transmit the infection right along. had more than twice five outbreak since 1976. outbreaks since 1976. we have been able to curb all of them. this is completely unprecedented, because all of the other ones were in rural areas. a very efficient virus. it actually kills its host to quickly. -- too quickly.

it is not airborne. it is very hard to spread. but when it got into three megacities, very poor cities in fragile states, it just took off. it has ravaged those countries. a big risk.d it is not the one we are worried about getting to the united states or the european union. the big risk is that it will , delhi,oothold in lagos were beijing. and then we could see a truly global worldwide disaster. host: you said you wouldn't shake hands, but ebola is not easy to catch? guest: it is not easy to catch. but a lot of my friends of come back from sierra leone and liberia. and we don't shake hands. even when they are back. it is a precaution. is not aands

particularly hygienic thing to do. you shake your hand, new touch her mouth. -- and then you touch your mouth. it is not very infectious. any bodilyt to avoid fluid, and therefore bodily contact. there is just an abundance of caution. host: to the legal side, we are coming to calls come i promise. , if this takes hold and lagers, or delhi -- in gos, or delhi, and becomes a pandemic, what could be done to quarantine, restrict, etc.? , which everyh.o. state has ratified, is only a global health

emergency, they did it nearly six-month after the first international spread of ebola. the international regulations don't give w.h.o. any power. they can only make recommendations. countries ignore it. and they do with the bull as well. thing you can do that is binding at this moment is a un security council resolution. the u.n., for only the second time in its history, and a health matter, did pass a resolution. it is binding, but the language in the resolution doesn't have the clearest binding force they would like to see. if it really spread, i would like to see the united states lead the un security council to a stronger resolution. that really helped with aids. i think could help with ebola as well. host: first call from robbie, in

abilene, texas. angry that they want close the border, stop the flights, and they are sending our troops over there to catch it and spread it to their families. why don't they go, the government officials go, went out they go over there -- why don't they go over there? guest: this is a constant theme that you hear. most americans want to shut the borders. this would be a bad idea. it would make the mistake a lot worse. -- this would make the epidemic a lot worse. you have a workers that cannot to the source countries. you have fragile states. those states are going to just deteriorate. you will not be able to bring unitarian aid in or out.

but governments are so fragile, you did have a collapse. the endemic there would unravel, and that would make it worse. you can't come in this global, modern society -- you can't put acellophane wrapper around disease and expected not to spread. it would be a disaster situation. if the united states did it, it would be symbolically unfortunate. we have been the global leader on health, and on ebola. there would be a cascading effect. all the countries in the world would then put on travel bans. in the countries would be devastated. you would be a humanitarian crisis. we can't do it. host: roger in washington. good morning. won't mind if you

i slightly changed the subject. i want to ask about the enterovirus d68. i have two grandchildren living in san diego. people ared about -- saying the flood of children that came across the border the summer brought that in to our country. and they are scattered all around the country. and more children have died of the enterovirus d68 that has of the ebola. would you address that for me? they have aarti had their flu anythingt is there else other than don't put their hands above their shoulders and wash four times a day that they can do? host: roger, thank you. moment, a is at the larger risk to the united states. not in terms of being highly

but first of all, we always blame the immigrants for all diseases that we have. that is not the issue here. there is been circulating enterovirus is the united states for a long time. the best approach is good hygiene. particularly good hand hygiene. make sure you teach your kids to wash her hands. be safe. kids and stay safe. host: nina in mount vernon, new york. caller: good morning. ask if the black people in this country, and in west africa -- are they aware that the u.s. has a patent on ebola?

warfarebiological against blacks in this country and the west africans? host: do you think it is? patent oney have a ebola. what is that about? guest: i don't believe the united states has a patent on ebola. the supreme court has ordered ruled -- already ruled you can't spread intellectual property rights over a naturally occurring virus. that would be true everywhere in the world. the inventor of the virus was in belgium -- not the inventor. the discoverer. host: where does ebola come from? guest: ebola has been

circulating in sub-saharan africa since 1976. basically it comes from the most likely source -- fruit bats. primates eat the fruit bats, so you have monkeys. and then individuals will eat bushmeat. meaning primates? guest: sometimes they die, sue don't have the hunt them. them, and they may have ebola. the first case in this outbreak was sought to be a two-year-old child from ginny, who probably would have eaten bushmeat. contracted it, gave it to his parents, and his parents fled to the city. host: phil is in silver springs, maryland. i'm very appreciative that the u.s. is doing its best

to control, if not eradicate, ebola in liberia. i'm also glad that some international companies are doing precisely that. my concern is that i was born in liberia. i have been in this country for well over 25 years. i think there is a job that needs to be done. i sincerely believe that the fears of most americans need to sibley because those of us who were born in liberia and have lived in this country forever have not been treated fairly. once you tell someone you were born in liberia, the countenance of the pertinence -- of the person changes. they look at you as if you have ebola. that is terrible. i hope and pray that something could be done. i was wondering if anything else could be done to let people know that not everyone who is from ued.ria is ebola plag

guest: that is a good point. thank you for making it. and every major frightening -- this is a terrifying disease. there is a lot of stereotyping, a lot of blaming. we did that with aids, with the gay community for long time. example, reagan, for didn't even use the word aids until late into his presidency. it is happening. there is a lot of stigma around ebola in the three affected countries themselves. stigma ofthere was thomas duncan in the dallas region. i'm sad to think that people think that if you are from liberia -- we need to do a better job of education. we need to calm the public spheres. s fears.c' this is not going to be big in

the united states. there will be more cases, but we should be able to contain them even that we had tragic missteps in dallas. i hope we will learn from those. host: could the airlines on their own pullout of these three countries? guest: they could, and some have. an airline it recently has been critical of british airways. as your ways did cancel its flights. -- british airways did cancel its flights, and other airlines have followed. it makes it hard for aid workers, it also cuts off the economy and commerce of these very poor countries. it is a bad idea. we need to stop that. from yourence gostin, perspective at georgetown university, and your association with w.h.o., how have these three countries dealt with it so far?

what kind of great would you give them -- grade would you give them? guest: everyone gets a low-grade , those countries and here. you had shocking breaches of protocol. they are on the brink of collapse. they already had before the epidemic started, the three lowest health care worker to patient ratios that we have anywhere in the world. they have lost hundreds of doctors and nurses. they have died. you have the situation where people are unable to cope. when the director of w.h.o. said people don't understand. w.h.o. doesn't have the funding and the power, the countries are in charge. that might be fine if you were talking about the united states,

or the u.k., or france. but how is a post-conflict country in charge? irwas a country where the people have been tortured and starred for so long and have no health care system going to cope with this? they can't. at the moment, this epidemic is spinning out of control. and it never had to happen. it was very preventable. but we delayed far too long. host: david in sanford, maine. go ahead. caller: lawrence, you say that we are screening at the airports starting as of yesterday. they have already mingled with the passengers. we don't know what they have passed on. if they had it, or haven't had it. i'm not for persecuting those three countries, but you set up a strawman saying that aid will not get to those countries. we have military transports, we can fly anything anywhere in the world.

anything they need will be at their disposal. we are talking about protecting the american people. i just explained to my grandson, who is 12 years old, i said the reason people are frightened is because it is a terrible way to die. please let me hear your response. guest: it is frightening. i'm not going to dispute that. it is among the worst ways to die. the virus literally attacks or organs, and organs bleed out. it has a very high death rate. historically have had up to a 90% death rate, in the three affected countries, it's been anywhere from 50% to 60% death rate. it probably would be lower in a high income country like united states. somebody is, if coming from one of these areas, and they are really highly symptomatically the plane, we

have protocols in place to deal with it. but most of the time, almost all of the time, they will be a mptomaticically -- asy on the plane. goodw it makes people feel to say cut off travel, let's protect the american people, but it won't protect us. in the end, he will make us less safe, because it will make those countries more incapable of dealing with it. we want to deal with the problem, let's deal with it at its source. we say that all the time with terrorism. let's not bring it here, let's deal with it there. that is true also. the real catastrophe is in those three countries. host: why is it not spread beyond those three countries in africa? have been lucky. the first international spread outside those three countries was to lay ghosts -- lagos.

we had real fears about what would happen in that country. it turns out it was a country that was able to cope. all of the film stars and celebrities came out to educate the public. the cdc flooded it, and we were able to contain it. but we have been lucky. i have to say we have been lucky. it could happen at any time, in any mega-city that is poor and congested. and then we would be in trouble. we have to get this under control. al, in ohio. caller: talk about wasting my call. we are talking about commercial flights. 150, 2 hundred a day coming in from this area, and you still can't answer the question. stop saying aid workers can't get there. they could charter planes. mr. obama had better get on the ball.

this is why he is dropping in the polls. we don't need to hear big stories. we can cure the problem over there, and nobody really wants to hear anything about the actors. thank you. guest: first of all, there aren't 150 planes the come in from that region. in fact, there are very few if directly from west africa. i think virtually all of them originate there, but they travel through one of the european hubs and then come to us. passengers that originate from one of those three countries that enter the united states. we are now screening every one of those 150 passengers. we will know whether they have been symptomatically, we will take their temperature. we will know where they have been, who they have been with,

and we will know where they are going. i think we have a good handle on this. it is so easy when you are frightened to overreact. but it is so important to be calm and measured, and do the right thing. believe me. i would never recommend something i thought put the united states population at risk. we are not doing that. if we really want to protect ourselves, we need to beef up our obligate health and protector. you saw what happened in dallas. the hospital missed the diagnoses, even though they told them they had a travel history, they sent him home. then they isolated or quarantined people who were his roommates in their apartment, but didn't decontaminate the apartment. a sheriff's assistant went into the apartment with no protection. ambulance workers took him back, no protection.

dowe really want to something, and you really want to clamor for something, clamor for more congressional funding for public health and america. the fever screening is about as useful as removing your shoes. it slows down security lines with no real increase in safety. it has a ring of truth to it. idea ofass on the whether the shoes make any difference. it certainly irritates me. of hight in a lot income countries in the world. in terms of fever screening, it is true it probably won't make much of a difference. most people won't have fevers. if they do have fevers, they will have fevers from the flu or some other disease. didact, during sars, they mass fever screenings.

when i was traveling during sars to beijing, all first-class passengers were given tylenol by the airlines. i wasn't in first class. fevers.ed any potential you can game the system. but it is a measured response. doing is taking people's temperatures. we are not making the lines longer. day, atst 150 people a five major international airports. it is just a few people at each of those airports. it is not going to be a big travel inconvenience. at the same time, it might reassure the public. hearing yesterday, john kelly, commander of the u.s. southern command responsible for central america south america was quoted as out,g as if ebola breaks it is katie bar the door in

terms of the mass migration of central americans into the u.s.. guest: i wouldn't have put it quite that way. it is a little mean-spirited. if he got into a country like haiti or another poor country, that would be the country that would have the humanitarian disaster. they just had cholera that the u.n. brought in, and a humanitarian disaster already. -- yes, we would probably have more people coming with the disease to the united states. but you have to member this -- remember this, ebola is not virus.cularly efficient that someone was to get into the united states, if you have a bowler, you are going to get really sick and you will like it here. it isn't aerosolized, and the virus is inefficient.

it just kills its host to efficient make it an virus. it is not one i would worry about a great deal. i would worry about some novel mosquito borne diseases that are in latin america at the time. they are migrating up to the united states. ebola is not a particularly great threat to the united states. it is making a scared. but we are a country that can contain it if it arises here. there will be cases, there will be outbreaks. i can't totally reassure you. i think the white house has been too reassuring in the sense that they think we are the best health care system in the world. we aren't at our best as we saw in dallas. health over 3000 local department's. we have tens of thousands of hospitals. we have variable capabilities, we do shore that up. cynthia from kingston, jamaica. caller: i have listened to this

gentleman talk, and the more he talks, the more he worries me. why isn't everything in the world coming into the united states? we've a soldier in mexico that no one is doing anything for him. when it spreads, the way you will live in america, the white makee there that helped to america what it is will run for the hills. talk, but ebola is dangerous. it has always been there. you need to do something to protect the public. stop the planes from coming in. guest: i have been trying to calm the public. forgive me if you have been alarmed. there really is no reason to be alarmed.

disease is coming into the united states all the time. remember, we are part of a global community. diseases don't come to the united states anymore than they come to any other country in the world. we have been one of the most fortunate countries in the world. we live in a climate where we don't have a lot of malaria, dengue fever. we don't have some of the really devastating diseases in the world. we are a fortunate come a privileged country. you are one of several callers that have suggested some racial component to this. us to be divided. i really want us to come together on this. if anything should bring us together, it should be a global health threat. we should unify, we shouldn't

stereotype, we shouldn't divide, we shouldn't blame it. we should just have a good, scientifically-based locale approach. that will keep us the safest. host: is it legal, ethical, to quarantine people? guest: it is legal and ethical in the united states to quarantine people under certain circumstances. thele misunderstand difference between isolation and quarantine, which are different things. you isolate a known to both patient -- ebola patient. a confirmed case like thomas duncan in dallas was isolated. it is unquestionably lawful to do that. to quarantineful somebody who you have good reason to believe has been exposed, and might have the virus. you can quarantine them for the period of incubation.

but you need to do it with good evidence. you need to have a court like review, if it is challenged. and you need to keep the people safe. the big problem i have with what happened in dallas is that the court have said that quarantine is not a criminal offense. it is not something that you are punishing someone with. you have a responsibility to keep them safe and keep them in humane conditions. to force for people into a home that hasn't been decontaminated, with soiled bedsheets and soiled towels, is unconscionable, unethical, and also unlawful. it took days before they were able to accommodate them. you have four people who were living with mr. duncan. have --one of them did

contract to be ebola virus. the other three didn't. it them all in the same house with contaminated material, and they can cross contaminate. it wasn't smart, and it was a very big breach of protocol. we just need to really learn from those lessons. david in albuquerque. caller: i'm really confused. i don't understand. both you and the director of the cdc both have said that we have allow flightsld coming in. containment the rule of some in the medical world? the old way you will contain it is to keep people where they have the disease. is that all right? actually an 18th or

19th century view. the current international health regulations which govern global epidemics for the w.h.o. date back to the first international health conference in paris in 1860. the whole idea there was nations in europe and then the united states came aboard through the pan-american health organization. they basically took the view that they wanted to seal off plague and other nasty diseases from the south coming to europe and north america. that is a really antiquated way of thinking about it. also if you need to, screen people coming into this country in a sensible way. we are doing that in a measured way.

it will make things worse. epidemic inuel the those three countries. they won't be able to cope. contain a, you can't highly pathogenic disease and a little region. we've never been able to do it. in a modern and globalized world would you can get on a plane and go to beijing and then to washington dc or to frankfurt or and a and then here, world of international travel with highly congested -- if you look at the panoramas of the skies of flight coming to and from the united states, you simply can't stop international travel. to do so would be unlawful. if the united states would declare a travel ban, we would be in violation of international law.

it is not a place we want to go. i am pleased that president obama is taking this off the table. host: jackie is in connecticut. caller: hi. host: we're listening. callingthe reason i was is back in the 80's i read a book called the hot zone. the ebola virus in the dangers of the disease. , the world health organization and the cdc were all aware of the fact that if it became an epidemic how serious and deadly it would be. , if they knew of this disease and what could happen, why haven't they worked on antiviral or vaccinations like eradicating polio? the aids virus became worldwide

before we did something about that. we spend money on other things. this is one of the most dangerous of viruses and both of these organizations have done a thing dan -- nothing preventative. guest: there are a variety of reasons. one, it is easy to look back in hindsight. mentioned, wehave have always been able to contain it. there was a sense of complacency. nobody thought this could take hold in three cities. it has never happened before. the other reason is that we have onn focusing on research diseases that have much more higher burdens of disease. or potentially a

global pandemic like polio which we are nearly as a point of eradicating it. perhaps in hindsight, it was a mistake. the issue is an economic one. the private sector is usually a big engine for innovation. they have been ignoring ebola the market is unpredictable. we never knew we would have an outbreak like this. people who get it are too poor to pay the price that we would want to charge if we had a patent on it. , we dide two reasons not ramp up production. we are now. it is a genuine question. is this a pivotal time we want to rethink our research?

caller: this is a ridiculous conversation. you are saying we should import this virus into this country. guest: i didn't say that. it is only 150 people a day. tampa area. we have a dozen people come in. there is no additional screening. people, they are not going to be touched at all. philosophy that liberals take on the border. takee saying we will everybody in from these countries. die ifople are going to a student host: several calls along these lines. guest: i does basically want to ever in issueas

that wasn't a democrat or republican, liberal or conservative issue, it's health. we all have to rally around health. i'm not taking a liberal position. i'm taking a public health position that is based on science. we need to calm some of the fears. we need to be vigilant. we need to do the right public health thing. we are not importing this virus. there has been one diagnosed case on american soil. one case. it is not going to lead to a major outbreak area we will be vigilant and careful. if you want to make americans safer, the thing to do is invest in our public health infrastructure. 2% of all one or health dollars are spent on public health. the rest go on high-tech

medicine. --you want to think strengthen health departments and local hospitals, this is what we need to do. we don't need to try to punish who are undergoing a tragic humanitarian disaster. host: larry is in tennessee. caller: i have two questions. before the fever shows up after a person is exposed to ebola? how aboutquestion is in those three countries that have been exposed or infected, how let's apply those countries days andgh food for 21 then have the governments tell the people to stay indoors for that. of time? beler: the incubation could

up to 21 days from the time you are exposed to the time that you have symptoms. typically it can be about a week to 10 days. it can go as long as 21 days. it makes it very hard to detect. you can get on a plane in europe in 24 hours and symptoms may not arise. in terms of providing food and humanitarian assistance, we should have been doing it a long time ago. we need to do a lot more. there is also a food security crisis there. lockdown, i've never been in favor of. sierra leone did do that. they had a several date lockdown where everybody was forced to stay in their homes.

that exacerbated the problem. congregated in their homes and may have cross infected. many couldn't go to work. they couldn't get food. farmers couldn't get out. in the end, it didn't change the course of the epidemic at all. we want to lock everything down. we want to stop the planes. that is not going to work. i know our basic common sense is just keep it over there and seal it up. you just can't. host: two comments and a question during twitter.

guest: there is nothing that i that iid or would say think united states should do that would violate our constitution. quite the reverse. in his the president decisions about screening is well within the authority of the constitution. in terms of public health, what i said was to increase our funding for public health. usis our safest bet to keep safe from chronic disease and

not just ebola. drugs, we do want to rapidly develop medications and vaccines. the nih is doing that. i have been working with them. startedwe have finally ramping up production. vaccineswo promising in first phase clinical trials at the moment. this is his peace. if you're interested in reading it for yourself. finally, "the washington post." talking about how ebola could spread. you can see some figures there. you can read that for yourself. thank you for being us -- with

us. we are going to turn our attention to the situation in the middle east. the outlook with isis. then we will talk about domestic violence as well on washington journal. >> tonight at 9:00 on c-span, a moral service for president reagan's press secretary. on saturday night, colin powell talks about world affairs. -- lend money explosion nearly killed them and changed his life. 8:00, ralph nader

talks about taking on the issues that plague america. a surgeon on why he feels medical science could do more for the aged and dying. sunday, naomi klein on free-market capitalism and its impact on climate change. curator and director of the cia museum's virginia, the mission of preserving and presenting the agency's history. theking george's war of 1740's, how it helped the colonists. as -- you can find our

television schedule and let us know what you think about the programs you're watching. tweet. send us a join us be span -- c-span conversation. host: how many middle east countries are allied with the united states? caller: it depends on how you define the term. those countries are taking part in military operations against isis include the at aired emirates, jordan, by rain? saudi arabia, that is about it. so far. there been controversy over whether turkey will actually be in gauged -- engaged. chuck hagel this morning asked they would besaid

requesting to use a large airbase close to syria. engagent to use it to operations against isis. so far they have not said if they would. of dilemmasnumber when it comes to isis. there is tremendous concern about retaliation. they also have a different diagnosis of the problem. they believe that isis is the result of the syrian civil war. you will eventually take care of the isis problem. that is a simplistic view of things. it is also self-serving. the andbeen calling for of the regime. that is what they believe to be the case. american call for

regime change, they will be reluctant to get involved. situation,to this the turks have not made up their minds which is more dangerous. of a rock intate syria or an independent kurdish enclave in northern syria. turkey has its own kurdish population. about 20% of the population. they been fighting a battle against a terrorist organization sense the mid-1980's. kurdish nationalism is on the dramas in turkish politics that is yet to be resolved. helping the kurds will help the kurds in turkey. independent.ore

this is the headline in "the wall street journal." u.s. aboutted is the this? it has been quite maddening. president of turkey has insisted that they don't assist isis or support isis. there is evidence to the contrary. has the second or third largest military in nato. they could be taking part in the airstrikes. the dilemmas that we just pointed out are deeply reluctant to get involved. host: we are talking about the crisis in the middle east.

the fight with isis in the allied response. you can contact us the a social media. you can send an e-mail. much has this cost monetarily so far? guest: it's very hard to tell. using very expensive $150,000.at cost and of the getty but he really knows how much. there been estimates of $1 billion a week. the question people had is are

the kinds of airstrikes that they are undertaking, is it doing enough damage to be worth the kind of expenditure that we are absorbing as result of this? been unable to stop isis. if they are entrenched. we have pushed them back in places. the intensification of airstrikes has slowed their advance. they control half of that city. the logic of air power is that it supports ground forces. we don't have it in the iraqi security forces. there was a big article in "the andington post" about how what our province is about to fall to isis as well.

are holding out as best they can. there is no one else on the ground. when you look at a map of turkey and you see that it is on it border of iraq and syria, is far away from the border. two they feel as far removed if you live in istanbul as we do? a grandt is cosmopolitan city. it is one of the largest kurdish cities in the world. to the extent that the kurds are unhappy to save their cousins in tension ine is been istanbul. there are reports of threats against shopping centers. immune to kurdish

terrorism or violence or popular uprising. quite awarele are of what is happening and concerned. there is a sentiment to stay out of this conflict. the founder of the republic of saying about the home and peace in the world. their pursuit of more activist foreign policy over that. there is a reluctance on the part of large numbers of turks to get involved in foreign adventures. the considered a foreign adventure to those people. host: we are talking about the isis situation. paul is in tennessee. caller: good morning.

i just want to make a point here. we lost a lot of blood and treasure in iraq. this is just another example that this administration is hating george w. bush. he listened to his generals. we took control of that country. ran for thent presidency said he would pull the troops out. he done that. he made a big mistake. this president is just a pushover. they can do anything they want. this is a holy war. this is not just some little war. these guys mean business. host: i think we got the point.

guest: the collar points out , buthing that is serious not directly related to this. you can make a compelling that things were mistakes. the problems of extremist groups resent could have been predicted and many people warned the bush administration of this. they went forward. then you can make a compelling case that the obama administration's allowed from iraq with something that was going to lead to the destabilization of the country. i don't know how -- productive this is. where we areation confronting the islamic state of iraq. it is taken over a large piece of territory and threatens to

take over more. this is a threat to the interests of our allies. a responsibility to iraq, we need to point out that large numbers of american people supported the withdrawal from iraq. large numbers of americans have up until this point been deeply and profoundly reluctant to get directly involved in this conflict. host: charles, good morning. aller: i like to make comment. i know there are a lot of people who disagree about what they should do about it, as an expert marine -- xd marine, i don't see why were

sitting back and not doing anything. we are talking about a town of people that is going to be slaughtered and we are talking and saying we will talk about this in a couple of days. we are waiting for two or three days to talk about something. people don'tan want us to go over there and have an all we volunteer military. heref the ask people over that would volunteer to fight them people. host: thank you sir. guest: the caller raises a point about waiting. i like it has been much sitting back and waiting. the united states is increased airstrikes around the area. now asre officials right

well as other officials who are engaged in the dramatic discussions with the turkish government. they are the obvious government to go to. turks arem is the profoundly reluctant to get involved. they're worried about retaliation. they believe the real resolution is the assad regime. they have said that they would take part in a military unitedon against isis if states had ground forces. i think american officials and the military leadership and i

anxious to engage in regime change in syria as well. policy a very difficult and it is layered with complexity. it goes to the fundamental problem that is raging in the middle east. thattakes are so high unless the united states wants to bring tremendous force to isn't much of the that states can do without its allies going to take the fight as well. host: jim is in illinois. we are talking about the middle east situation. caller: i want to make a couple of points. turkish kurds. a huge implication with

turkey's relationship with germany. to fighturds went against isis. we have a situation where turkey has ramifications for what is going to happen in europe. these people are going to come back with superior fighting skills and have helped. , there werego attacks on kurds who were protesting against isis. that happened in cities around hamburg. they were wielding machetes and knives. implicationsn has

to spill over into europe very quickly. the turks need to make a decision. what side of history and culture and trade do they want to be on? those are important questions. i think one of the major issues hurting turkey's relationship with europe is the flow foreigners from europe whether they be kurds or europeans or americans using a turkish territory to transit on their way to undertake the fight in syria. the concern is those people will and that going back through turkey and the united states or europe. skills andighting can use them in terrorist attacks wherever they come from. this is something that the united states and europe have been warning the turks about.

in being of been slow aware of this problem. i think there is a capacity don'tm i think the turks have a great capacity in terms of bordercontrol as everybody we them to have. there are two other things. when the civil war in syria really got started in late 2011 and became clear that the net states and other western military powers were yo not goig wereer in the fight, -- not going to interfere in the fight, the turks turned a blind and began making their way down to the border area and crossing over to join the fight against assad in damascus. become morehat has of a coordination with certain extremist groups.

in way of punishing the assad regime absent this western -- that political decision was made to turn a blind eye and suddenly ordinate with these groups. the turks have a different view. the prime minister who had been viewsreign minister turkey as a muslim power. there is a constituency within the ruling justice and the isist portion that views as a legitimate group in defending sunni interest. believing that's the future of the region. you raise an important question that european and american groups have been raising with the turks. they need to make a decision about what is a threat to them and what is not a threat to them.

i don't think they have to make a decision whether they are part of the west or not. the turks answer to that is we would like to have a 360 degree foreign policy. we also have interests in the middle east and muslim world as well. is assad benefiting from this situation. of thethis is one astonishing ironies of what we are now doing. airstrikes against the islamic syria are taking a certain amount of pressure off of assad regime. there is evidence assad regime pause in itsg this own fight with isis while isis is busy in other places in dealing with this military involvement of the u.s. and allied nations to step up their own military operations against rebels.

they have been using bombs, dropped chlorine bombs on civilian populations. a terrible, brutal civil war. that's an unfortunate consequence of what we are doing. it speaks to the extraordinarily complex situation in syria and iraq right now. in georgia.is good morning. you're on with stephen cook. caller: good morning, c-span and steve. i agree with something you said earlier. this whole thing goes all the way back to iraq. seemed theyerica did not want to go to iraq. once congress voted to give bush the power to go over there, america needed to get behind. the american people did not want the war to go on in iraq.

one of the things obama did was try to end the war. that's what he should have done, but he should not have come out the way he came out and left that whole situation vulnerable. i don't agree with a lot of the stuff that mccain and was a gram -- lindsey graham was doing about how we need to leave troops and all of that, but he needed to fix that situation. people pulled out without fixing that situation and then he went to libya and got involved in that. he drew his redline and he didn't fix that situation. -- other lot of this countries don't trust americans anymore because they are not doing what they're supposed to do. guest: you've raised a lot of important issues part of the foreign-policy debate in this country right now. let me address each one of them. there is this sense the united states picked up and left iraq

in december 2011 and left it without the means available to protect itself. i don't think that'cases the the united states has invested tremendously in iraqi forces. but the former prime minister quickly undermined the armed forces in his own effort to establish his own political control and consolidate his power. it is certainly the case that once the united states withdrew, the situation deteriorated here tothe united states sought establish a forces agreement with the iraqi government. they were unable to do so. the with officials -- the u.s. was a bush appointee. they tried very hard to get a

force agreement. the prime minister said no. some would say the united states need to bring more pressure there to get the status of forces agreement. i don't think this was a lack of trying. you mentioned a libya, which is a poor gotten country in the debate these days. they've deteriorated into civil war. breakup as iraq seems to be on the verge of breaking up. this was an operation that was not led by the united states. it was led by our nato allies. it had more to do with nato alliance politics and the british and french saying in order to maintain the alliance, the united states needed to step up. of a was this question humanitarian issue, but it had more to do with that and reliance relations.

i think there was never a tension on the part of the united states to engage in libya in the same kind of way. -- thisstion of redline is a line when president obama redline, hene of a will regret having said that line. when looking back, that was a significant foreign-policy blunder. one year later, when the united states to discover assad regime had used chemical weapons, we did not follow through. the american people were opposed to this kind of involvement. the president had uttered that word and it reads questions in the minds of american allies about what our intentions are. there has been a year-long drumbeat of criticism from america's allies in the middle about the demonstration of

american leadership. when you ask them what different policies they would pursue in syria and iraq and libya, they can't articulate it all they want in terms of american leadership is for the night states to do for them what they been doing, whether that is bomb under my assad regime or a whole host of other things that aren't in the interests of the united states. host: stephen cook is our guest. in northport, new york. caller: good morning, guys. a quick question. -- thegoing on in yemen shia revolution. how is that going to affect saudi arabia and the shia population over there?

many countries involved in this. is this still a continuation of the arab spring? are we witnessing a restructuring of the borders? guest: good morning to northport, new york. close to my own hometown. yemen is also a country that has not necessarily been in the headlines. by theas been a push militias into the capital, taking over the government buildings. this is an unstable situation. the saudi's accused the iranians of supporting them. and the way the saudi's view the a fight between the sunni powers and the major shia power of iran, it has added the sectarian dimension into this

conflict. regard everything going on around them as a major threat to their own security. that is why they have been investing in their own society in order to keep the population we us in -- acquiescent and around them, pointing troops to theain, helping to support general, the president of egypt who came to power through an d'etat innd a coup july 2013. i would not use a continuation of the arab spring terminology. arabs around the region are engaged in a high-stakes struggle over how we define themselves in their countries. -- how they do find themselves and their countries.

it's unclear that the people who live there actually believe the country makes sense. that these countries are going to go away and somehow there is going to be a reshuffling of the borders is an interesting experiment, but i don't think it's actually going to happen. these struggles over identity, held to order their society is going to go on for a long time in places like yemen and libya and egypt. there is going to be a significant amount of medical turmoil and violence -- political turmoil and violets. -- and violence. caller: good morning. you have answered my questions so far. i know the american military is not the doctor of the world.

leaving iraq in the way we did was a mistake. we still have to help somehow. account on americans many times. -- they count on americans many times. host: it was a mistake we went in and the first place or that we came out? caller: it was too fast. we should have negotiated. we should not have left the iraq the way we did. the american army over there was the number one authority. guest: maria raises an important question. the united states military is not the police of the world. or the doctor of the world. the people who agree the most is the u.s. military. this has been a very long and

difficult period. from the invasion of afghanistan in october of 2001 to the invasion of iraq in march of 2003, the united states has been militarily in this part of the world for more than a decade. the vast states has been engaged in the conflict almost funny -- the united states has been engaged in the conflict almost 25 years now. we have been engaged militarily ever since with that country. it certainly -- you concern they make the case that leaving iraq was a mistake. the iraqis did not want to sign the status of forces agreement. underminedeadership the iraqi security forces on ability to establish control and maintain peace around the country.

the united states has a , butnsibility to iraq iraqis themselves also have a response billy we have given them a tremendous amount of resources. themselves also have a responsibility. host: david is in florida. caller: good morning, america. .'m a little confused here if this man here is the expert. he has been around for a long time. i remember when we first started the war and i remember everything -- the area where we walked out of iraq. you hit a bit on it in the last call. i want to get this straight once and for all.

the president of the united 2008 went to iraq and said point blank, we want to stay. that country said you don't push us around. what you do is you listen to us. we want you gone. why do you continue letting these people blame president obama for something that took place during the bush administration? we knew we were being thrown out of there before the president even got to be the president of the that states. host: we will get an answer from stephen cook right now. guest: david raises a very good point. the obama administration did go to the iraqi leadership and say we would like to have the status of forces agreement that allows a certain number of american forces there.

there are legal exemptions given to american forces when they are under status forces agreement. sentimentgovernment did not agree to the stipulations of the status forces agreement and as a result come in december of 2011, the united states withdrew from iraq. this is a situation that was created by the invasion of iraq. we can debate that from today until tomorrow. we are stuck with the situation now in iraq where the country is tearing itself a part. the islamic state of iraq controls a significant amount of territory. that iswestern province adjacent to baghdad is on the verge of falling to the islamic

state in the same way that this kurdish city in syria is on the verge of falling because so much press attention has been put on it. host: kerry is in locust grove, georgia. caller: good morning. i'm a retired navy chief. i spent 20 years in the navy. i was a multinational peacekeeping force in lebanon. spent several appointments in the persian gulf. personnel are loyal to the military and the navy's motto. people need to realize that presidents are commander -- the president is the commander-in-chief.

we have to be able to trust them. i know my brothers and sisters on active duty trust them. they have security clearances. the only thing you know is what you need to know. on active duty don't know everything about everything going on over there. i hope that everybody can trust our commander in everyone continue to support our troops. host: in common for him? -- any comment for him? has a lot of first-hand experience of the complexities of the region going back more than 30 years. his point about trusting the commander-in-chief and the military leaders, we certainly do need to trust the commander-in-chief. there is something called a civilian control. one of the things that make this country different is there is a

robust civilian debate about the use of american force around the region. we would not want to lose that. we do need to understand that come ultimately, the president makes a decision, that is something the military is going to do. withdrawing from iraq were invading iraq. host: stephen cook, please come back. one more segment this morning. we are going to look at the mystic violence in america. we will be right back. -- we are going to look at domestic violence in america. we will be right back. caller♪

>> our campaign 2014 coverage continues with a week full of debates. tonight at 8:00, the wisconsin governor's debate between scott walker and mary burke. saturday night, live coverage of the iowa senate debate with bruce braley and joni ernst. sunday come alive at 6:00 p.m. eastern, the michigan governors debate between rick snyder and mark schauer. more than 100 debates for the control of congress. this weekend on the c-span networks, tonight at 9:00, a memorial service for president reagan's press secretary. on saturday night at 9:00, colin powell talks about world affairs . , how is aning at 8:00

marine in vietnam, a land explosion nearly killed him and changed his life. c-span2,t 8:00 on ralph nader calls for an alliance between parties to take on the issues that plague america. , why he night at 10:00 feels medical science should be doing more for the aging and dying. sunday after 7:00, naomi klein on free market capitalism and its impact on climate change. c-span3, tony0 on explains the museum's mission of preserving and presenting the agency's history. saturday at 8:00, the king george's war of the 1740's here it helped the american colonists gain valuable fighting experience for their own revolution. 8:00, president

ford's congressional testimony on the nixon party. find our television schedule on www.c-span.org and let us know you think about the programs you are watching. call us or e-mail us. send us a tweet. join the c-span conversation. like us on facebook, follow us on twitter. c-span's to 15 steenkamp competition is underway. this nationwide competition will award 150 prices totaling $100,000. create a 5-7 minute documentary on the topic the three branches and you. videos need to include c-span programming, show varying points of view and must be summit it by january 20 company 15 -- must be submitted by january 20, 2015. >> "washington journal"

continues. host: a discussion on domestic violence in this country. numbers up ine just a second. you can go ahead and make a comment. i will introduce you to our guests. paulette sullivan moore is the vice president at the national network to end domestic violence. and michael planty is with the bureau of justice statistics unit. let's start with you. how does the justice department defined domestic violence? >> that's a good question. many terms are used to describe domestic violence. we are talking about the mystic violence which includes violence against males and females involving their spouse come ex-spouse or boyfriend or girlfriend. andeasure family violence

violence against other relatives. it's a larger umbrella. thelso focus on relationship violence between intimates. host: is there a baseline for what violence is? does it take a specific physical act or what? guest: we include in our survey violence includes aggravated assault, simple assault or serious injury, rape and sexual assault and robbery. that is our spectrum for violence. host: how many people? what percentage of the american public is involved in a domestic violence situation every year? about every year, we have 2 million people involved with victimization. we know that over time, this has

declined significantly. for the past 20 years, we've seen the rates decline almost 70%. ,ost: paulette sullivan moore how did the network could started? guest: the national network to end domestic violence is a social change organization. it began in 1994. we worked very hard on getting the initial violence against women act passed. pyramid. look like a we have the coalition's here and below than the 2300 service programs that advocate for the victims. host: how did you get involved? guest: quite frank lee, i was looking for a job. -- quite frankly, i was looking for a job. the organization before the

national network -- i was an attorney in delaware and became it became a good marriage. the folks in these he asked me to come work for them. host: we've put the numbers up on your screen. divided by the region's. -- divided by region. who are the perpetrators of domestic violence? guest: the perpetrators are primarily men. rangegh, the statistics from 7-15% of the victims being men depending on which a survey you look at . there are a number of surveys that are out there.

they give us some consistent data, which is that primarily women are the victims of domestic violence and men are also victims sometimes. when women are victimized, they are harmed much more than men were harmed. needing to go to a shelter or a hospital. men don't report those consequences. why is it valuable to know who is committing domestic violence? guest: if you are trying to fix something, you have to know what the cause is. we are living in a society where we want to fix the mystic violence. one of the causes is the paternalism in our society. the undervaluing of women in our society. -- we want to fix domestic violence. we are nowted that

working with the national football league to address violence towards partner violence -- the nfl is such a cultural important entity. some great impact on the cultural shift as a result of this. host: have you found that the nfl situation has raised awareness of this issue? guest: absolutely. our office does a 24 hour survey every year. we call it our domestic violence census. what we know come in that 24 hour period, we get about 20,000 hotline calls. when we have a national hotline gets the

about 700 of those calls a day. the national hotline and all of the state and local hotline numbers ticked up after the additional publicity given to that crime. let's look at some of the statistics that the bureau of justice statistics puts out. who commits domestic violence? onst: would you see here male victims and female victims spirit what five for females is ormarily spouse, boyfriend girlfriend. this includes more than intimate partner violence, but also family violence prefer males, you see a significant amount of sibling and other relatives involved.

victims areemale --timized by a espouse orbit by a spouse or boyfriend or girlfriend. we interview them in person or over the phone repeatedly over a three-year period. host: half was reported to police. guest: we see about 50% of violent crime reported to the police. for serious violence, you get slightly more reporting to the police. that is related to injury and weapon use. in see that consistently crime in general. the more serious in nature, it gets reported. 100% you would think should be reported or would be reported. why is it less than 60%? guest: i think those numbers

probably are not very different for the reporting of crimes across the country for any kind of crime. particularly for domestic violence crimes difficult for a person report. -- anally speaking english person may not speak english. or they live in a community where police are not viewed as friends had a person who is committing a crime against his right there in your home it's more difficult to report the crime. they have found a specific reasons. feelnnothey did not

involved. should be host: we are going to begin with a call from george in california. hi.er: i had a situation one time with a girlfriend beating me up. i was a victim of a crime. when i went to try to get some counseling, they give you a slip from the sheriff. i was there for about 30 minutes at the center down in bakersfield and they called me

the next day and said i wasn't eligible for the counseling as a victim. i found that to be strange. host: did they tell you why you weren't able to get it? caller: nope. host: how frequent is this female on male domestic violence? usst: the statistics tell 15% of victims are men. nij did a wonderful baseline -- the female on male is a much lower number. i'm not sure when this gentleman sought help. all of the domestic violence advocates are trained to make certain they understand the nature of the violence.

unfortunately, we sometimes run into false reporting on the part of men to test the system to see if we are serving them. i hope that was not the situation here. those advocates were trained to assess a person's need. if a person needs counseling, they certainly will provide it regardless of gender. -- we well have been serve in that 24 hour period about 64,000 people. we had to turn away more than 10,000 requests for service that your. -- that year. do you find men are less willing to report? guest: it's an interesting question. we do have some concern that men don't report to the police or to

our survey because there is a stigma attached to it. they don't feel it rises to a level of a crime or a physical .iolence report they tend to report more physical violence when they do. host: janet is in venice, florida. caller: i think this is a significant issue. view,sue, in my point of is the other people who are victims of this domestic violence, mainly the children. i sought counseling late in life. i was diagnosed with ptsd. seized parentsd being abused, they want to do something and they can't. sees parentsld being abused, they want to do

something and they can't. player.r was a football he liked to fight. he likedint, he said to hurt people. felt badow older -- he about a lot of things that happened. the damage was done to the children. from let's get a response paulette sullivan moore. guest: you are so absolutely right. damage is done to children. one of the things that's great about our program is that we try morey to push congress for and more money because we need to be able to serve children. there is not enough money to serve everybody. there clearly is not enough money to serve all of the

children who need services and they all do. -- peter asked me why i started doing this work and i told him they needed an attorney. iter i began the work, discovered how much the mystic violence had been in my own household. muchember trying to -- how domestic violence had been in my own household. it was back in the day when you had the dial phone. i was dialing and i would have one more number to dial and my father discovered i had gone downstairs to phone -- i was not able to help my mother that night. we need much more funding so that children can understand be able topening and receive assistance and we need more money to keep the

protective parents safe. too often, the parent that is not the protective parent seeks child custody. too often, they get it. it's a horrible situation and it requires us to have a lot more judicial training and have more training for evaluators. other people who interact with domestic violence and child welfare issues. host: did you feel you suffered from ptsd? childrenthink that thrive and survive in very different ways. i have never been diagnosed as having ptsd, but i certainly can understand janet having that. and understand ever their children -- and understand other children to recognize those

crippling behaviors had negative impacts on their development. host: chris is in gaithersburg, maryland. caller: good morning. brokenhave a chart o down by races or economic status? have the risk by demographics. when you look across age, younger persons are at much greater risk than older folks. we see that for race, american surveys haves all a very elevated risk for the mystic violence and intimate partner violence. -- domestic violence and intimate partner violence. differenceslative -- 20% higher for blacks compared to whites.

20% less for hispanics compared to whites. you see that decline over time. different groups benefited from a larger decline than others. hispanics, where you had about an even decline based on gender. when you are trying to understand this problem, to see who is benefiting from the area's laws and legislation , trans are very important to provide context -- trends are very important to provide context. folks in the lower economic income levels tended to report higher rates of violence in general. there is a risk across the board. no one is immune from the mystic violence.

-- no one is immune from domestic violence. you so much for doing these studies. we depend on them so much as we are talking to congress about policy. americanpeak about indians, one of the important factors to note is that the people who are committing most of the crimes against native american women are not native american men. they are not native american men. very happy in this last iteration that we were able to include a provision that says that if a non-native american man works on native land and an act against a native woman, the native authorities have jurisdiction over him. it's unbelievable that if you lived in maryland and you went to virginia and you committed a crime of domestic violence against someone, virginia would not be able to do anything

because only maryland would have jurisdiction. that is what had been happening with our tribal laws and our law positions. one of the things we have learned from our work with the allstate foundation, it is -- not easier,n but less of a barrier if you have some resources to extricate yourself from the abusive relationship. it doesn't make it easy, but it makes it one last barrier. when we know that white women men -- ifan white you have to hire a lawyer or

find a new place to live, when your resources are already compromised, it's an additional barrier. host: julia is in south carolina. caller: good morning. atlanta. a nurse in he was killed about two years ago. got the medical examiner -- the medical examiner would not look at the partner. i am really frustrated. his partner killed himself a year later. are you saying that the partner killed him? he was beaten up at day a day before and the medical

examiner saw that and they did not even make an inquiry. visit my son died of a broken heart. -- they said my son died of a broken heart. host: what are you inferring with this story? caller: there is so much hatred out there for different aspects of life. host: was your son gay? caller: yes. host: in 2013, 46 people were killed by domestic violence in south carolina. k-straightoked at demographic -- gay/straight demographic? guest: there is limited information. they are at a greater risk for domestic violence. they are less likely to seek services.

it's a double door affect the re. guest: my heart goes out to julia. i think it's important for us to remember that every human being's life is valuable. regardless of who they love. it's really unconscionable that someone would not look into an investigation. my heart goes out to her. other prosecution offices and other police departments have an opportunity to hear what julia just described to us and understand that every criminal case needs to be investigated. one of the things we were able to improve his to specifically include -- is to specifically include that persons regardless

of sexual an orientation are to begin enforceable full civil rights in making certain that domestic is not a scorch in any community. i worked with a domestic violence program in hawaii in the 1980's. after being arrested by the police and being sent to family court, they were in our program and i was a mediator with a woman. ,t was a six-month program every saturday for two hours, we would discuss what went on. the big thing was getting over their denial. -- range in hawaii of people i had a japanese architect who . -- i had a japanese architect. it's a human matter.

i'm trying to get together with the owner of the ravens in the underwear people -- under armour who has been based there. this is a conversation that needs to be had. host: do you find recidivism? are you finding evidence of that? guest: we know from our studies that the victims report that the offender has committed this crime multiple times. 50% of theests, offenders have committed a crime against the victim previously. for fatal violence, women that are murdered, they often have nonfatal violence against them previously and have reported it to the police. host: mark is in st. paul. .aller: i am a divorce attorney i have two points i would like to make. there was an article, an opinion

piece in time magazine on june 25, 2014 of this year. which cathy young wrote. that this to stakes and studies indicate that violence of females against males is trivialized. there was a study done in the journal of family violence which indicated as much. i believe your tests are minimizing the violence that goes the other way because it seems like they are focusing on male versus female violence. this was dating back 40 years to a study in 1975, the national violence survey which indicated that women were more likely to be the aggressors in many of these the mystic violence situations. -- domestic violence situations. she indicated -- defining

violence as a man taking away a the children's. -- taking where the children. 80-90% of women in divorce situations are therefore domestic violence perpetrators because that threaten almost always seems to be made. host: let's get an answer from paulette sullivan moore. guest: thank you for your comment. i think you misunderstand what i said about whether or not a is an act of domestic violence. the things i think your comment points out to us -- you say most of your clientele is male. inause men earn more society, they are more able to hire attorneys. we know that more divorce attorneys only hear one side of

the story. most of their clientele is male. to contactourage you your state domestic violence coalition to receive some updated statistics. you were citing 1975 numbers. learn a bit more about the issue. i would like to speak on behalf of men, in particular black men. regarding visitation. andwoman abuses the system uses it against a man. i was all into that she won out, you are out. you are not taking my daughter. that is my child. i found the court system to work more towards a woman than the men.

women use the system to make false claims. go too court and they say mediation. you don't mediate the court order. the woman needs to comply with the visitation order. the system is not fair, particularly for the black family. host: we believe it there and get a response from paulette sullivan moore. guest: thank you for your comments. i'm not exactly certain what the dynamics of your particular case was. to do ises are charged look at the interest of the child. one of the standards is whether or not someone is committing an domestic violence. if your wife wanted out of the marriage for that reason, the

court would then require that your contact with the child be limited. host: are you finding that there are false reports? find falseon't reports of domestic violence. themst, we don't find any greater than any false reports. they file a claim with their insurance company that the vehicle has been stolen. of things.ll kinds we are not finding that there -- what we dot

know from the victims we work programs that serve them, it is so awful to have to report to anyone that you are a victim of domestic violence. no one is going to make that up. that harmgoing to say came to them that did not come to them. nancy is calling from pennsylvania. whyer: i want to know white-collar men are given a pass on domestic violence and child abuse. attorney.law is an he has a top-secret clearance. my daughter was an officer in

the navy for many years. she seems to have zero credibility. host: are you saying your son-in-law was domestically violent towards your daughter? caller: yes. she has a permanent shoulder injury. host: what was the situation? did you contact the police? caller: it happened three times. the last time, she contacted the police. move,e he used a stealth a pain control hold where you andt the wrist inward transfer the trauma to the -- the divorce has gone on for years. host: i think we got her point. why are white-collar men

given a pass? is always an issue in any jurisprudence situation. see so many men who arrived when they arrive at the scene, they are so calm and collected. mangh-level corporate commanded that committed heinous acts of domestic violence against his family. because of who he was come of users -- abusers can be corporate or political leaders. people -- it's difficult for us.

i had a tennis partner who was abusing his wife. afternot find out until he died from a heart attack that he had been abusing her. i found out from another neighbor who was home during the day and got to see what was going on. we just don't know. our obligation is to look and see if we can. speak up when it's a family member or friend. too many people get a pass. give us the top line numbers. how many people are abused on an annual basis? guest: for domestic violence, the rates are pretty high for certain groups. hundreds of thousands of people a year. you have direct victims and

vicarious victims. the mother, the children, the parents. all are suffering some way when this relationship has an intimate partner violence factor. host: michael planty and paulette sullivan moore. thank you both for being on the program. we are going live over to the news heum. a memorial service for the late james brady. master of ceremonies will be joe .ockhart vice president biden will be speaking. several well-known journalists as well. [captioning performed by national captioning institute] [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2014] ♪ ♪

[no audio]

♪

♪ ♪