headed a national correlation. i work with lady and department of crack cocaine powder disparity issues. >> i have two questions to pose to the panel. it's been my experience that many of our young black mates are getting involved in drug activities. and indeed, when they come before me as a judge in court they tell me when they plea that they didn't want to get involved in drugs but they were forced into it. >> then they are coerced to give testimony. any of the judges don't have a plob of take it into consideration. this. ckground vigesed addiction got involved in drugs sbue coercion. how do we deal with that? >> that trying to works with a

mentoring approach and take it into new orleans at this point. >> the other one is a question .hether you try to save money but indeed the reindustry program is more than rehabilitation. and many of the people who have been in prison come out and become social workers, p.h.d.'s and not realize many times they get converted and they bim more substantial. we need to get the measures out. [applause] >> ok. thank you. and we're going to wrap up. i'm getting -- i'm sure they have a big hook someone that they'll eventually pull me out with. i want to thank my great colleagues on the panel. [applause] it's always a pleasure to spend time with my colleagues. so thank you very much. thank you very much. [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and

accuracy.visit ncicap.org] >> the conference continues with a recent report from the been nan center for justice looking into law enforcement priorities and reducing incarcerations. law enforcement officials around the country talk about the findings and state solution to reduce the number of inmates.

>> the panel that we have is missing one member who was advertised, we have worked hard to make sure that we have people actively engaged in law enforcement. and the chief was pulled off to deal with pending issues of n.d.c. but we have with us starting moving from the left to the right geographically that is. and perhaps otherwise. [laughter] >> doug gantler who is the

attorney general of maryland. he's a former states attorney in mcgontry county. former president of the international association attorney general. next to him is the special assist assistant many the office of california. jeff oversees criminal law policy. next two jeff is cyrus vance. who is the district attorney. people from manhattan know him well. in manhattan we have anthony bats who is the commissioner of the baltimore police department. and he has joined us today. and finally to my immediate left. we have david key who is a founding member.

former chair of the american conservative union and a board member of the commution project. next y this morning's level proceed as follow. each of the following members will have a few minutes to discuss issues of key importance to them. them we will move through some significant things. when i say a few minutes i have one -- actually personal adri buttes. served in law enforcement. i'm the grandson of a pent coss ll preacher and i have pentacostal preacher and i have a very good sense and exercise those instincts as we move forward. we'll talk about community

engagement. we will discuss issues related to return and reentry. we will discuss issues of fairness through the operation of the criminal justice suspect and have how many of the panelists have before strategies to root out biased and put in systems to insure that justice is clearly administered firmly but also fairly. start with t i will mr. key. >> ok. thank you. i like the idea that after he talked about he's going to have a panel of people, the first personal called on has no background whatever. >> there are some members of the n.r.a. that would think differently. >> i find the first panel to be a really relevant sfwroucks this panel because it -- it hit upon the kinds of problems that

we all face in trying to deal with crit tall justice system. i'm on a icated bipartisan organization that works on issues of this sort. and even before we put together right on crime, a number of conservatives were meeting regularly for several years in our offices to discuss the problems that we have in dealing with the criminal justice system and the question of reform. and it was our feeling that in the 1960's and 1970's in particular, the public discussion of criminal justice issues was screwed by the fact that you had misrepresented strong men arguing with each other. >> you had politician who is claimed that since crime was a problem we had to lock them all up and throw away the key. >> then you have others who tended to speak only for the

criminals. and that was the debate that appearsed. the questions you proich criminal jus disish shews was a statement as well. does anybody have that in the and indeed for the system is to provide for a safe civil society. is whether there's too many people in prison or the laws are too harsh or too line lien? the real question is what works. regot into a situation rhetorically and politically and the mission that paul discussed this morning became subsidy area -- subsidiaries. >> we thought it was time for people regardless of their political orientation or their ideological direction or stance to start looking at these

roblems realist click. where the mission that the prison and jail system is supposed to be fulfilled can't be fulfilled because it's dysfunctional. then cat nolan who was the prison fellowship and mark early former president of the the fellowship. he likes to talk about the fact

that today we lock people up because we're mad at them. went we should be reserving jail space because they're have been people. >> they have committed crimes and dangerous and kept away from the rest of society. >> we've allowed our dedication to locking people up, political reasons. to overwhelm the prison system. in the 1994 crime build unlock the gates. construction and we said op the field of dreams build it and they will come. >> i have to say one thing that in trying to get real prison reform through and we've done most of our work at the state level as i'm sure doug knows. we've had great success working with democrats, republicans, conservatives, liberals and glove nors who are concern about two things.

the way and in many, many case states the cost of the sprizz system is greater than the public education system and they both works just about as well. but maybe resources might be in order. and i have to say that historically consistency still exists. it's incredible to me. this was a great group of u.s. attorneys that you had and. but i head tation to think they're representative. because in every state eavend n dealing with federal reform, the prosecutorial community is one of the wor things. but secondly they're managing to try to force threem through a system that doesn't work. and they want all of these sentences so they can force people not to go to trial. and lord knows how many people

have accepted it. because of the sentencing rules that we have or that they can be subjected to. >> so we got involved because we wanted to make sure the question of what works and what doesn't work? and what is humane and what isn't human. >> had to be discussed in terms of that rather than in terms of whether one stands on the political spectrum. or what can we do to advance his or her career. we go and i'm cloing to click because you can see me getting warm to the subject and it's dangerous. somebody referred this morning as ed niese who has been consider concerned withor federalization and there are thousands of ways. and i remember our first meeting. there was a foreman congressman there.

i think you know, everybody has become a federal crime. i always used to say the poster child for that is carjacking. carjacking is illegal anyway. >> what does that mean to be a separate federal cry. that's why a lot of things are made trouble. but they made fresh releases for senators when something hatches. so we need to look at everybody. from all sides of the peck trum. those who are in the prosecute community. those issues node to look not at uponishing people or this or that but need to work at what works. the fact is that overincarceration does not work. >> thank you. >> commissioner keen you actually pick up that scene -- actually i'm the gun guy. >> i'm sorry.

>> my good friend kathy who takes shots. so i'm going reach out to her, both of them. very quickly. i think the theme is extremely correct is what works. when i was thinking about that coming to the panel. i've been doing this job in police cal almost 35 years. i started in materialy 1980's and i saw lot of things different that hand. >> i always ask madonna why? what i can guarantee you that quhen crime increases. and when crying increases we have terrorism in this great public says.

the public says respond. i'm going to talk a little bit about that and what works and why they going to play together. because as we walk forward and we have these conversation, i'm going to give pressure one day when the crime rate goes up. and somebody's going to say do something about. if you don't, i will replate you. >> to find out how to reserve that issue and then when thimmings calmed down we have very deep rootsed intelligent. in the city of baltimore, we continue to focus on -- i've been in baltimore for years and this is the third city. i come from the west coast. family left to the west coast. grew up in south central los angeles. deprame a neighborhood where gangs we know them. traditional games started in my habde. games like the scripts and the

bloods. and all these type of friends starred in the neighborhood where i grew up. an i share with people and see if they can connect with me because i share with the community. sate mes is what we anybody eat fried bologna -- so that my time they grew up. and i asked people -- and i ask my mother at the young age of 8 years old, did anybody give a damn whether i lived or die? >> did anyone survive that i survived a black kid. did anybody else your home your dreams your expiration. >> i take that with what are we doing in baltimore? be e try to beat them toe -- i fish them to having academic come in. and focusing on what works. that it's not the flay of the

day. based on the dath data and they will change for police agencies. as i say that we have programs like cease fire. i had dinner with david kennedy last night and we were talking about the progress of cease fire within the city of baltimore and if you're not sflar with cease fire overly simply fide. we know who you are. if anyone in this gang group becomes violent, we are going to crush the entire group. but what we really want you to do is to step over to the velvet glove side where we have

wraparound services and we can get her out of the light and help you to move on and have a fruitful environment. that is an overseas and provide of what cease-fire is. and it has worked in other locations from new orleans to chicago and from camden to newark and we brought it to baltimore and oakland also. we also focusing on violent epeat offenders. we're not focusing on mass incarceration. the good thing about the folks that are doing this -- our violent repeat offender program focuses on the individual. ot the minority kids out there, but those who are killing other human beings and trying to take kids out of our communities. we also focus on groups and canes -- gangs and crews.

you have groups that come together from neighborhoods that come together to do criminal acts, and then you have crews. those could be drug crews who are coming together to sell drugs as a whole. and not on these -- we focus on the pieces. however baltimore has had a history of mass ncarceration and i would throw in the table that probably most police departments in the united states have histories, recent histories of mass incarceration and i'm going to that next. we are also focusing on legitimacy which is how i describe it for city is that we jump up and down by the fact that we have had some the lowest

will will homicide rates in the history of the city and recent times, 197 what because baltimore used to be closer to 400. n a it is a significant drop and i applaud and that was before i walked in. not that i had an impact on that but i just say that. i applaud that i applaud the way of a down to 197 but if that community is no better than what it was before the 197 what do you have to cheer about? if you still have the poverty levels, if you still have the same vacant homes, if you till have the same impact that 18-year-old kid their life is no better than what it was before the 197 what do you have to celebrate when you pat yourself on the back? we are shifting and what we

re doing and what i want to move our team from is away from enforcement because people tell would you me tony stay in your lane. your job is doing policing which is enforcement. i'm trying to teach the city and not only the city but also my police officers that her job is to prevent harm and harm comes in a lot of different forms. t's not just enforcement because if you focus on just enforcement your only told to address the problem is arresting eople, mass incarceration.

when you are looking at addressing an issue by prevention of harm you are dealing with a lot of different things and it crosses the line so you don't stay in your lane. you cross a line of economic development, you cross a line of poverty. you have a responsibility because many of these areas you are the only kind of government we had african-american young men dying left and right every single day brutal shootings taking place. people like me killing urselves

off left and right. in the communities that do something about it. we don't want to hear talk nd do something about it. the only thing we knew how to do because there wasn't a lot of theories out there to do community policing with starting the people said this is not a time for community policing. do something about so it so we policing. do something about so it so we did. we arrested everyone that we could because we knew a silly thing we could do at the time. here was no empirical data for us to do anything differently. what drives us today whether talking about legitimacy

cease-fire hotspot policing and on and on are based on theories when i grew up that was a matter of concern. >> thanks, jim. good morning, everyone and good morning, panel members. it's a pleasure to sit here and o listen to you. this panel is speaking directly to the group that deals with the largest number of people in our criminal justice system. my office alone handles 100,000 ases a year. not all of those are large financial fraud cases although many are. we handle more criminal cases in a year than the department of justice handles nationwide. when we are talking about where the fourth, fifth and sixth

amendment meets the road it's in our state courthouses with the help of our police department and attorneys general. this attorney general has a -- this group, i think, has a unique perspective on how to deal with criminal justice in the broadest sense and how our country is adapting to it. we are going to get back with jim i hope to some more pointed issues about racial bias which i look forward to but let me hare in a few minutes i have about how our philosophy and think my philosophy addresses the question of who goes to jail and how we handle that. first and foremost i think every prosecutor and every law enforcement official has come to understand that a crime

prevented is better than one prosecuted. crime prevented is better than arrests made. as the roles of das today have evolved and you become smarter i think our office i look at for example i don't really easure s the no longer in the courtroom where we can make an mpact. is almost consistent with -- strategies we use as a d.a.'s office now in crime prevention. first and foremost, i think we

realize that manhattan and a lot of new york communities has a young gang issue. so part of that is going to be special in. we've come to combleeve that it is equal apply as important to take our resources and invest them in the neighborhood where we do our job. so for example, when i started -- we did a couple of months before starting and we real iced. me of the most and some of the restaurants were closed. that was the case where the police athletic leigh league one of our blue ribbon organizations that deals with help the kids. so what we did. we. and we started to higher world class trainers in basketball to begin with.

hi. training operation and build teamwork and leadership to provide kids. he days hours and two that are most at k. we hired word class force franling. now three year later and we have nine assaults in manhattan. my point is why is the district attorney what is doing this kind of work. and the reason we do it and the reason d.a.'s do it all over the country and the reason commissioners also do it is because it is supporting the communities. parents with what thant want. they want their kids to be able to be somewhere safe. and to do something productive in weighs that sometimes.

our office is porch nat because 655. dle a lurm number of but that's where we are making our investment and approaches this. particularly we have i think our assistance and community are constantly out in the various communities talking about how immigrants can protect themselves from immigration fraud, in colleges and school about how kid can inp themselves from getting trouble with texting, and on the internet. can protect themselves from being victims of elder abuse. what makes a not headline, you know, d.a. to jail rapist who goes for 40 years.

workhen we start to together and we start to work department and police departments up and down the coast what we are doing is crime fighting. we are preventing crime and i think that's the direction we going. keep the news in new york in closing bad.is, is not that although there is always room for improvement. york has dropped its state prison population from 71,000 to over the past 10 to 15 years. that's still a lot of people in jail. and absolutely, i think we can do more as prosecutors, as judges, as police officers in being far more intelligent about and thennd to jail have a responsibility while they're in there to give them when theyies so that come out they can be successful in their community as they re-enter. because it makes no sense to

send someone to yale and not pathway for them to succeed when they get out. person drop in population i think indicates we have been more selective, and the top 10ate of states by population size is numbery 10th in terms of of people it send to jail out of thousand.d the highest may be california or people per56 100,000. so i leave you with this. game is changing, the strategies are becoming more broad and i think that is think it giving the communities what it needs and wants. i think we're doing a lot of right. but clearly we in state actually thee people who are having to deal with this issue of over incarceration, in my personal opinion. me, nextweek, excuse month worry bringing together 23

prosecutors from cities all over in a coalition called prosecutors against gun violence, because we want our the debatee heard in about what's working to fight gun violence and what's not. so thats happening is strategies are being shared office to office and crime make that and how to those best strategies are being shared. difference.aking a and i look forward to with a we can do together over the next years. >> before we move to jeff, one quick question. the number that you cited, the from 71,000 to 51,000, tremendous. and it's as surprising or is me, --rthy to talk a little more about what you think are the factors in that decline? a decline that started 15 years ago.

believe that in that 15-year period, new york has in the area of providing alternatives to incarceration. and creation of drug courts, creation of a number of specialized courts which focus here is given a carrot to succeed in resolution and avoid significant prison. so i think we're being smarter our support of people who have been offending. smarting with who is going to jail. i any the rockefeller drug law wereover due and a good idea, also provide more discretion to judges and wide array of a charging decisions. way, new york state has among the broadest discretion sentencingdges in ranges than any state i know.

i prosecute on the west coast the westacticed on coast for a number of years, and despite popular belief, new york judges, compared to other states, have a huge range of options to use in many of the cases they sentence. all those factors beg smarter, feeling that we need to be smarter, feel we need to be more judicious about eating up toources that relate incarceration. helpingy engagement or us do our job in terms of community sanctionings much i factors.se are some >> thank you. in that 15 year trend is important because it the opposite of what's been happening nationwide. jeff? >> thank you, and thank you to panelists here today. it's a pleasure to be with you today. the center is doing some of the country's most amazing work on issues. justice reform and it's a real testament that they were able to get us out of that is the state of

california to come out here to talk to you today. so we're very happy to be here on behalf of the attorney general. talk about issues related to criminal justice reform and problems, and solutions, in the criminal justice system, california in and omega the alpha of these issues. we have been con trobling these issues for years, actually decades now. and there are also solutions that we've been implementing, that i was going to talk to you itut today, because i think symbolizes both where we've been but where we can go. and in basis emblematic of where the country has been and where it's going. mentioned a moment ago, california in many basis of its, thefor many great things it produces for the inntry, whether it's innovation, in entertainment, or agriculture. in other ways as well, and in criminal justice

issues related to incarceration, that is definitely the case. perspective one what is happening both in the country and again in california, one statistic for us is particularly telling. arein 10 people who incarcerated reside in the state of california. that should tell you something about the scope of the problem. on a national level, but also as in the country's largest state. california. we have the second highest prison population, i was sy talk about the state of new york's prison population, which i'm gratified hear is continuing to get lower. in the state of california we're numberse same, but our still are around 116,000. and that is just the state population, because as i'll talk to you about in a these state of prisoners are now shifting to

our county jail population. so in one senses good, or in that it shows us what the solutions are, but it tells us how much more work we have to do. so this andmension i think the commissioner may have mentioned that, there also related moreues than just as it relatings to how many people we have in our system today, bun one of the telling statistics we have in california is that in the state of california, about 6.5% the population is african-american. but 29% of the state's prison population is african-american. that is just one camp, but it also tells us again what more we do. to we know from the 1970's leading up to 2006 by way of example to you perspective on the problem, that the california our state prison population skyrocketed about 750% from

thet 20,000 prisoners in s70's, about 1975, to over 72000 -- 172,000 by 1976. and tat what led us to much of litigation some of which is still ongoing today, court order requires the state of california to reduce its prison population and that's us to what the economist has described as mostbly one of the significant experiments in criminal justice, which is something in california that we public safety realignment. many now here beg expert in the field are very familiar with it. but public safety realignment a, as has been described, titanic shift in the criminal justice system. a.b.se a law that's alled 109 what that did was shift forprimary responsibility incars nergs the state of can't

from the state prison system to the local counties. localized, essentially, our criminal justice system. did a coupleit things. one, first and foremost, is it reduction inate our prison population, not because it opened the doors to release prisoners. of thechanged the issue source that led into the prison system. it wasr words, essentially the law equivalent the faucet orto the hose. what it did is it changed who goes into the prison and how. so where as you had the vast would,y of crimes that for felonies that with lead to imprisonment in our state prison to thewhich led overcrowding problem, we now have a system through public where thelynnment vast majority of crimes, sphefl notes, call the triple the nonserious, nonviolent and

nonsexual crimes, are now to beily going incarcerated and supervised by counties. this is significant for a lot of busons, first and foremost our local counties now have to bear the responsibility for what these going to do with new offenders that we have. where as before these offenders problem of the state prison system, your l.a. is hass, your stand counties and everything in between now have the responsibility of thinking about d.a. level who are we going to prosecute to the sheriff level, the police level, of what are we going to do with these offenders and they're prosecuted convicted. and i will tell you that that issue of that compression that has been caused to the system has forced in many ways counties they approach criminal justice in the state. and it's produced some good results. we know on a primary level that

the numbers have been reduced. know that now we probably some of the greatest reductions of input into the state prison system that we have seen since the 1980's. that a positive step, and it shows with a we've accomplished you this public safety realoinment. but what it's also presented in the state of california is a which we've had to reapproach what we do when it related tosues arrests, prosecutions, and then more important than that what the prosecution and after the commission. last set comment i want to talk to you about is what i think ultimately is the when weortant issue talk about the issue generally of mass incarceration, bus it's enough you to talk about how do we stop putting people into the system. people who must be prosecuted, there are some people who pus go to jail. is what aboutead preventing people from going to

jail in the first place, by we're sure that if talking about people mo have previously committed crimes that they don do it again. the state of california, like unfortunately almost every state in the significantre is a issue when it comes to is the rate ofch reoffending by people mo have convicted.usly in california that's about 61% and that is despite the fact billions and billions of dollars every year in the state of california on incarceration. what many counties have done and what the attorney general of california has done is said why about approaching this from the issue of reducing recidivism as a way to ultimately reducing our prison population. one of the things that attorney general harris did was in november of 2013 create something through her ohs, wasecedented at the time, to create something called the division of resid victim of and reentry. and what she did as the chief

law enforcement officer of the state of california was say i want to create a new office in my department of justice, that exclusively onus assisting counties and how we approach reentry, how much we approach recidivism reduction and what kinds of things that we can do to both develop and assist and promote, and those jurisdictionss 58 that implement criminal justice policy every day. owe.f the things >> i'm going to are to pause through, because there is, there are a couple things that doug is prepared to pick up as you were about to expand upon. >> sure, i'll stop there. >> i got into college for playing lacrosse. ( laughter ) for 22 been a prosecutor years, i was st. state attorney state'syears, the local attorney in maryland basically the district attorney for eight

years, and now i've been attorney general in maryland on the state level for eight years. brendan centerhe and. in y.u. for doing this conference. grapple with the issue of reentry, which i think is the issue of today. we used to ignore people in jail. example, almost half the people who go into jail withinck interest jail three years. so that is kind of the just of the day and i think it's an important one that we're having. i'm not going to talk about, however. what i'm going to talk about is yearstion that in my 22 from a prosecutorial perspective doone of the things that i believe does work, and it takes where the district attorney, two things he said. the all the action is in state, i'm paraphrasing, which is the fact of the matter. crimes andederal often when somebody is prosecuted by the federal system, they are at a place where they should be prosecuted by the federal system.

outit's harder to figure what to do with that person because they're much farther line of crimes. in a state level there's a lot more discretion, a lot more opportunity. we had in montgomery county when i was day's attorney there, i respecttalk about a experience there, we had 35,000 cases, montgomery county, maryland is everything you've of in maryland other than annapolis or baltimore, we have there.one million people and i'm going to talk about an issue that the district attorney was a littleich different but along the same gyms.which is the when he started talking about opening gyms, people were like d.a. of manhattan talking about keeping gyms open. ae fact is that is part of solution called community prosecution, which is something that i first learned about interestingly enough, because ericcoming next, from counter. so when i was in d.c.

calledted something community prosecution. instarted in the 8 #'s portland from a local d.a. there and has taken many different forms around the country. what it basically does is it boot straps off of community policing and puts prosecutors in neighborhoods, in the communities and has a recognition that the prosecutor's job is not to get to make sureut that we prevent crime, we enter ven in potential crimes and that thing has in every case. did in d.c. when attorney general holder was the we took one ofas the seven police districts, at that time the sixth district which is basically northeast washington, and for a two-year time when everything else stayed the same, everything else stayed haveame, except we didn't community prosecutors, so that

means prosecutors were not assigned to the sixth district everything else remained constant, the sixth district went from the second calls for crimes and the second most violent area of d.c. criminallynd least infested area in terms of calls for service and crimes being committed. so i took that and, when i state's attorney in montgomery county and the first fully implemented community prosecution office in the country and watched it work. you could study it and have scientific this, that and the other. the fact is it makes common sense. the mosts at fundamental level as you look at all these television shows with prosecutor's offices, the homicide section, the narcotics section, and all of these different sections in myd up arbitrarily, view. as opposed to taking an entire divisionke we did and it by neighborhoods.

so in montgomery county we five different police districts, so i decided the office into five different unit, the bethesda unit, rockville, silver spring. if you think bit, the difference a simple sought and a homicide is somebody dies, you a ballistics expert or examiner. but the one area of prosecution view doestake in my take expertise is sex offenses. even within those you have within each much those districts. piece of that is you have what we caulfield community thatcutors, prosecutors are in the rockville district and going to the meetings at the civic comeght and hearing from the people on the somewhere some office what actually works and what doesn't work in terms crime prevention. i'm a little older so i remember we had had an issue one time, we

you to have pay phones, remember those? there was this -- >> i remember when they were that you would put in. >> so theres with a situation at theater in bethesda where there was a lot of drug weivity taking place, so talked to the community, we removed the phone be something that simple. the prosecutors working with police removed the phone and the drug crime went down there. component of community prosecution which i think works the police were reluctant to have us impolicemen was you're actually working with the community office. so the rockville prosecutors are with the jobbing -- the rockville police. so what happens is when, especially in large areas instead of working with a police every time you get a case on the top of the stock, you're working with these officers and one of them seems quirky and their story

does not match, but you don't officer again for a couple years. in community prosecution you work with the same officers and to know who the good ones are and who are the ones help.ed some in montgomery we counted our homicide in the teens. 14, 15 homicide with a million people. are strategies from a prosecutorial standpoint that have improved. i think that will happen in new imagine having the prosecutors just in greenwich just in harlem, in working with the businesses, the leaders, the police, and you can identify also who should be in rail and maybe who shouldn't and what are some strategies to keep those people in jail. i wanted to say that when the attorney general,

attorney holder became the deputy attorney general, he convened the community workshop and we had prosecutors from all over the country coming and how people define community prosecution varies, but the concept is the same. prosecutorsgetting out of the courthouse, out of the concept and notion that their sole responsibility is to convict people, and into the business of prevehicles and intervention to reduce the are inof people who jail. >> this has been a very rich set but as ig statements, look at the clock, we have 20 minutes left. i'mi know we want to have for questions. so i would ask this of nicole, if we could take maybe five minute from launch -- lunch be. the next sdz of questions is a little tougher. we've had had a series of examples of good news stories. one of the issues that we really notd upon but delved into is the issue of race

and enforcement. and we've touched on it a little and then in a somewhat the reparteth between the commissioner and i and my body language. tough issue within the city of new york and within and betweenent black and brown communities in law enforcement nationwide. for this iaration discussed with sy and tony they have that engaged in to identified and root out potential bias in law enforcement. so i want to spend discussingt of time that, and return to the issue of reentry. are a host ofere perspectives on this issues. i start with tony, and any other panel member who would that, thenmp in on well pof to reentry and i tom

we'll save some time for questions. >> very quickly, it will be for me moving from the west coast and moving to california from southern california, which is like moving to another country. and then moving to baltimore, another like moving to country. but all of them deal with the policingg, race and much. class, thenunder many times police departments are built to maintain the status quote. you have to brick through that and that's why you hear from me to shift theng organization from enforcement to prevention of harm. can tell you, you have to be be -- i'll give you an example. charge of close to 3,000 them, officers, many of 2,000 or 3,000 are probably

young overs who are out on the street every day. and they come into contact with different residents and citizens. and it's not just race which discussion but it with the gay and lesbian community, the orthodox jewish community, it with different ethnicities or imgrant come into ourat time you haveany trauma, anyplace in the world, fromnd up with residents those locations, whether you sudan, ethiopia, cam body why, we take people in. have large groups people who move interest a location, you have to address that. so ferguson, that everybody weather use as a bell right now, ferguson did not start on that date of that incident. king did not start the day of that incident. that

five, 10 yearsd prior to that. growing up in southern california and watching the dealing with local grocery stores started 10 years before. issues dealing with police being heavy handed and not connecting with their community started numerous years before. it goes for me and start with relationships. the things that i do when i go the three very tough cities that i've gone into, whether it be long beach oakland and baltimore, which are very tough cities, is starting those relationships. right now, i'm in baltimore, my minority many --ies, i can't even talk. my minority community, there is hatred for people mo wear those uniforms him a visceral hatred. have to give my organization too is to address perspective is that we've earned that. many times when we've tried to better, we've exacerbated the problem, because

tools tohave the other address that. most police officers think they're doing god's work, going out and trying to address an issue. the only issue that we have is enforcement. when you have drugs that are making place, shootings faking in tying,re going it safe, and we arrest people. we have to under that we have part of the problem, and our effort to be part of the solution, we have become part of the problem. when we arrest large up ins of aung peep, we just demoralize community. so we have to shift have to set, and we start it with relationships. and understanding that worry and thathe solution, with that we have to change how we solve the solution. high power weapon at citizens that are exercising al rights isews off the charts, that's crazy.

that's wild. [applause] we're there to help them to view their constitutional rights. we allow this to happen n. those communities, how do we attain theiro dreams. what i go back to every time is that8-year-old boy in community, how do you help that attain hislittle boy dreams, how do you allow people to say i'm angry, that i don't

this.with and as long as they do that and they don't tear up a city, then so when i go back to the race issue, the race issue, the e is inity issue goes back to relationships, changing the dynamic of what policing is today. changing how we see ourselves as helping to sfl the problem. [applause] >> thank you, tony. completed aust study in which you asked for prosecutorialat decision making. can you share that with us? course. else'.idea anything wei vow this issue as how approach the issue of and race in the community we're working in as well as our office. in terms of approach to

i think it's time for prosecutors and it's time for our office to be aggressive on making sure that people are not andght down for arrest processing simply because they for a minorp offense. this is something that i think we need to work with the police about.ent but where i am going with this and i hope the commissioner is to essentially establish in the precincts criteria for minor offense, young man or woman, that case tould be at the diverted community sanctions welcome back the community as opposed to case processing arrest and coming downtown. and that way i think we address wrongful behavior, but we do it in a way that thatcts the individuals are being detained and giving them the best option to turn an

into a net incident positive. so outside the office i think worry going to be changing what and i hope to be working with the police department on that. i was the office, as running for office i was asked a questions, relating to the issue of race. was incumbentt it upon me as i comment upon other agencies to understand whether in the manhattan d.a.'s ohs had somehows that we needed to address. i commissioned a racial bias review of the d. amount of office. iny started that in earnest 2012, they issued a technical report and an actually a report could read and understand report. about two months ago. ultimately i was pleased conclusionings. it confirmed what i believe to ouro, that the lawyers in

office are treating the cases and fairly. vera report did indicate that there was a racial disparity in certain key case processing elementings. one related to bail. timeelated to amount of for misdemeanor convictions that significant racial difference between african-american men and women and whites and asians and latinos. so what that enabled me to do is to then work within the office lever itself what

are being pulled that result in these differences and how we can apress them. and have brute in a suit a suiting firm.

we have to move on and i do want to talk about reentry from the challenge perspective. one the things that i found this both these sessions very heartening because we're hearing about things that work, and like, okay, good we're done. but we have a great distance to travel, particularly in the area of reentry. from a policy perspective, because there are still some people who aren't moved on the issue of reentry, and on a practical perspective. so david, you could address the thecy issues, and then doug practical as respects. >> sure. to make one, on this ferguson thing, we don't to woman.at but my daughter has served in tours in iraq ask one in afghanistan, and she called me up and said what is out there. she said in iraq we instructed our troops when we had a crowd that we a

even took off our helmets. if you had pointed an automatic somebody without cause, you'd be brought up on charges. have twois country we things, we have a discussion ase about treating peep individuals, evaluating the as individuals whether they're white, yellow or green. this impetus to turn police forces into occupying aerials and give them and machine guns, which have been passed out by the pentagon.by the for in most cases for no reason. and now the police department is saying they need heavier weapons, because lord knows you a mouse to blow up somewhere. but those are two things that need to be atreesed ', and i had add that in. i had to do that. have any tanks? i got involved in some of

these issues onlily because i gave it some thought back in the 80's and 90's, because you think about the way things work, we up and let'sy assume for a minute that we that theym up fairly, sentenced toe prison. we eliminate a lot of the rehabilitation stuff, we just lock them up and punish them, so prisons become graduate schools for criminals. and when they learn when they how to be a, is better criminal. they get tough because they have survive. federalism is a great thing, but breakdown, there is no prison system. there are prisons. upon war dens, and the federal system and the be all.stem, they can a lot of them mike deals,

because the officers and war judged on the basis of whether they maintain order. out aftere let them this is over and what happens, thanhe social matt is less it once was, which i think is okay much but if you went to the 1950's, you cone get a job when you got out you bank teller, but could do a lot other things, technology, insurance companies mores have changed so digging can't get a job places.ch in many of themrprised when 60% go back within three years, because they not just fall back and the the life friendships they had, but they discover they can't move on him challengings,at and we've talked about who do

you send to prison, for what and for how long. the next two case, how do you them and what do you do with them when they're there. out how dohey get you help them, that's a hard question. i remember the first time we addressed this, we were talking the different proposals, and he said wait a minute, you have to be careful the in these communities convicted fln who gets out doesn't have better the persones than who never went to prison, because that doesn't send the communityal to the earth him but we have to worry about that because from the civil society, you can't take hundreds of and millions of people, lock them up, tell them there's only one way to survive then throw them back out on the street and expect the civil continue to exist in

any realistic way. so a lot of the effort, and in the earlier panel there was a lot of talk about money. and the federal system is a great thing because in states like texas and there have where been significant criminal just justice reform measures passed, the money saved, tech has closed three junior prisons, it's been reducing prison populations significantly. probe the poster child in the to 8 years for this. that money is rechanneled into some of the programs that worry that's anout, important investment and that's what'sed in mississippi, it's happening in georgia and other places. so that money goes into dealing with questions of andtment of in prison rehabilitate. i could go on, but i won't. but i with lick to come become talk about how i think you changed things. >> i think doug has some responses, practical responses.

practical.othing #. >> just briefly on the racial bias issue there's a lot in there. one of the most obvious things we need to do is make sure we people, police officers, prosecutors' i rust came from the attorney general conference. of the 50 of us, we one air an and three african-american u.s. attorney generals in the history of our surery, so we need to make we have diversity. on the reentry piece, there's a of things i had a sim pose annual on this and brought it the experts together, really comes down to three different things. when you're coming out of jail you need things, a job opportunity, you need a place to stay and you need somebody who cares about help yous going to stay on the right and narrow, that might be. there's a number much things we can do in a practical sense, reentry haves.

was ridiculedi about, but since i'm leaving office i'll bring it up again, we spent $32,000 a year incars yale.ing people in for $50 you can give an inmate device.kind of where nay can learn all these online schooling opportunities. learn a trade, they can, if i want to be an auto come out or athey cook, they can get certified while they're in jail so that they come out and are given their 40 bucks, have a good day, actually have a skill where nay can go to a job. and you have to give employers a tax incentive to make sure they hire people coming out of jail. and then at least you're giving somebody a chance. of course we don't want people using porn and all this stuff, there's no expectation of privacy in jail. they can control what technologist you have access to.

thinkingkind of thing, differently owe this is a captive audience. they've committed a crime, you now have them in jail. you can work with them to make where half maryland thatem come back, and get recidivism rates down, and the payingrs are no longer 30 some odd thousand dollars a people, bute these it's a win-win for everybody whole notion the of talking about reentry and figuring out practical peoplenings to helping become somebody who is behind bars and becoming a tax paying need tois something we continue to dialogue as we go forward. >> thank you. two really good and short questions. sir.

question) if you look at the issue of wrongful convictionings, it's clear that wrongful convictionings more likely affect african-americans other minority groups. so if we're talking about end to mass incarceration, shouldn't we be we bring ant how end to wrongful convictions. and i think i'd like to invite d.a. advance to comment on the .ole of conviction >> just before we get there, before you get to the prosecutor you also get to lineups and like that, and i think tony has some issues that would that first base. require don know how i can make this short. and i tell stories unfortunately. gasgon who wasin chief of police in san francisco can you be on this list

of chiefs who are against the death penalty. my girlfriend at that time and i said can you onaf he's asking me to be the panel who are against the death penalty. pro death penalty. you take a human life, i feel itt you should deal with with your life, that's how i believe. says, well, why don't you take a look at how many of these accusatory cases where you have d.n.a. where you guys got it wrong, and i went wow. started to do some research and started talking to friends and darryl the samend i had conversation, and he said we need to take a look at this. the three of us sat down and looking at how many people are wrongfully within this

country. and it coming out because we have the technology with d.n.a. how manya. is showing times we get it wrong. so then we stop for a chance and backwards, we said we've gotten it wrong in these cases, went wrong on the front end. many of the state it's a lack of standardization that's requesting on. there's no checks and balances. case hereked at the in new york, it political pressure. when someone says remember this wrote it down for myself, do something, the system responds. some way thats in may not be the right way to respond. so when the plofs up and notng people doing it which due processor doing it through the checks and way that they should, then it goes to the attorneys, no offense to any of attorney buddies up here k. they push it through also because you don't have those balances or that you go back and audit yourself to sure you got it right. so

we drafted a paper that tells the police departments to are standardized mechanisms and to awet itself and go back and it itself. also the d.a.'s and prosecutors there. and question do you have the right person. i just made an arrest on a like that, and i'm seconds.shut off in 06 we had a 3-year-old girl shot as drive-by.f a so i said we'ring about to do look forg we can to the right person, and we arrested a guy. was theelieved this said, gp back and double check that could it be somebody outside the scope of thinking.re popped upnough, we with another candidate that came up. let's look outside the way we're thinking, let's go back and

double check our check asks we want to make sure get it right. we want to put the right person in jail for the loss of that life. >> the body language is nicole's told us we are one minute. >> from the prosecutor's point of view, we in our office proudly say that we are one of the best prosecutor's offices in the country. it's clear that if you're going to say that, you have to loader --e a be a leader. and there's no issue is that more concerning to prosecutors than the issue of wrongful realityonings and the that people have gone to jail who were not in fact guilty. our office, in 2010 when i got electioned i created a conviction and integrity program within our office. i looked at there's, which was

the only other office that had one, and they were doing great using d.n.a. satisfied i was not with just having a reinvestigation unit, which we do have. to me the prosecutor's office has to work with training the young stltings and providing support on decisions they make at the projected of acase, as we do now with check lists that if we have an i d. list that there , that wethat the make sure we ask the right questions. there are things that we know now cause wrongful conviction protocolin our office to minimize the chance that we make a mistake in judgment.