consumer program director of the u.s. public group on con congressional efforts to protect consumers who had their credit card information stolen through data breaches. ...

should motivate a candidate who runs for president. this is how you can respond on the phone lines. you can contact us on twitter. you can post your thoughts there. there is e-mail. is the story from the weekend section of "usa today your co --."

this is the cover of it. this is why people run for president. if you go to the pages underneath and look at some of the reasons, we will read a couple to you. maybe you will add to your own list about why people should run. reason number one, to change the country's direction. that is the change the country direction. to make history is number two.

that goes on from there adding other thoughts why people should run for president. if you want to add your own thoughts on what should motivate a political candidate to run for president, this is how you can do so this morning. you can make your thoughts known on facebook as well. we will start with johnna. he is in houston, texas. he is calling on the republican line. caller: the problem is in my

opinion is selfishness. started,country first candidates ran for president. -- they stood and the people got them elected. i think that's what we need now. when they stood for president instead of running for president, expand on that. caller: when you have people like washington and adams, it was considered improper to go out on the stump for yourself. to -- i heard a campaigning for himself for academy awards. that no one has captured for you in the modern presidential contests? caller: the only person i can

think of right now that would even come close to that which -- would be mitch daniel at purdue. he is not an insider. he's got a history to be a good president. much more so than the current governor of indiana. host: what do you mean specifically? caller: his two good terms as governor of indiana. he was good when he was there. the values that we need to get back in the white house. host: that is john from houston, texas. you have heard some of his ideas. has other ideas as well. that is what we are asking you.

another reason from the list in "usa today." the third is to make a point. they cite ralph nader who has run for president five times.

what should motivate someone to run for president? tell us what you think. i'm going to vote for ted cruz if he runs. if he doesn't there are a couple of other republicans i find very interesting. he is in the mix. there are three or four them i am going to give you a blockbuster story that nobody is talking about. is the pope. statement to his cardinals. foss -- false ideologies that do more harm than good. eddie is from a

gainesville texas. hello. thing i am main interested in seeing is somebody besides a democrat or a republican run for president. we need someone who cares about the people. they both care about the rich. they can say other things, but that is the way it is. host: do you mean an independent party? caller: yes. somebody he was just out there for the people. is for thea said he people, but look at the policies he has done. host: if you believe that somebody should run for the people, what is a personal motivation? what policy should they talk about? isler: the main policy stopping the war against the american people.

there are no results except they are breaking up families and destroying the country. that's just ridiculous. stop the war against the people and stop wars around the world that we are involved in. furnish them arms if you want but not our blood. host: david is in tampa, florida. caller: i have been dying to get on c-span. you are doing a great job. honest,, just be an honest person. what i want to say is the republicans won this race this time. i want to tell all of the democrats out there that they did not win this election. they stole it. host: back to the idea of who should run for president, why

honesty? thing thatt's the they should do. be honest with people. everybody.ountry for it's not just for one group. help read we all need somebody that cares about everybody. there somebody in 2016 for you that captures that idea of honesty? caller: yes. unfortunately it's a lady. it's not hillary clinton. i think -- it's hillary clinton. i think she would be good for everybody. i don't think she stands a chance. host: why do you say that? caller: it's the good old boy

country. even if they have to steal it like they did this time, that's what's going to happen. votes.n't count our they won't count the black people's votes. that's the way they've got it stacked against us. it's going to be that way from now on. trials them south carolina on the independent line. what do you think? caller: good morning. i'm an independent. i am a constitution party fan. we hear the same old story. all you are getting is democrats and republicans. i wish what would motivate a president is the fact of the federal government is in our personal lives. we of been forced to buy a

product that we shouldn't have to do. i'm talking about the affordable care act. we havedicrous that been forced to buy something that we shouldn't have to. like to see them run on campaign reform. they are tied it to big money and everybody knows it. we've got to change the lobbying and the super pac's. fan of the constitution party. they only take $200. they take no money from any corporation. they are not going to get on tv or be part of the big debates. if some republican or democrat got on tv wanted to change the chain -- connection to money. we -- we arethat going down the same road every

eight years. host: does your party have a candidate? they don't yet. that's a shame. i know they are looking hard. they had virgil in the last election. and a been a republican democrat. he got fed up with the whole mess. he became a member of the constitution party. away got to give people from being tied to big money or we will never get away from the problems that we have. they are serving people who donate to them. what should motivate a candidate to run for president? robert is in arizona. you're next. caller: good morning, pedro.

did it isnice program good to hear myself speak. what should motivate a person to is the president preamble to the constitution. the promote the general welfare. how good would it be for the whole country if before any president would sign a law and before people would be sworn government, they would promote the general welfare. if you really listen to that phrase and pay attention and read it and interpret it, what it means is don't have all the

money go in one direction. moneyvernment prints the so they have to be accountable. who are they accountable to? all the people. the general population. let me tell you what has happened. what has happened is corporations all over the world have bought off our government. i don't think that's right. the constitution was written for the people in this country. somebody that to you captures that idea? is there a candidate that you would support? give me a break. how can anybody support that idea if we have bought off government. host: steve is in florida. caller: thanks for taking my call. my opinion is >> the country is

becoming very divided. i'm 62 years old. i have seen some things. president obama was supposedly going to unify and bring everything together and be transparent. ton he decided he wanted change this country. this is the greatest country in the world and now it's being divided. that is antiwhite racism. that is what is coming about. that is a lot of their platform. if you see what they do, that's what it ends up being. there are a lot of whites that support the democratic party. host: we are focusing on what should motivate a candidate to

run for president. caller: to save the country. that's what i was getting at. it is going terrible different ways. these people are not coming here to be americans. livere coming here to their social lives. you'll have just these groups of these people. they won't assimilate and do their own thing and take advantage of people who have things that they get. is there anybody in 2016 that you like so far? caller: i am leaning toward the newer. not necessarily the tea party. i look at what they stand for. i think they do stand more for america and doing what's right for america and not what's right

for just themselves. host: what should motivate a candidate to run for president? list, want to add to that the bbc reports that hosni mubarak dropped a case. conspiring to of kill protesters. the judge concluded that his also absolvedwas of a corruption charge. he is serving a three-year sentence for embezzlement of public funds. larry is in north carolina. once you motivate a person to run for president, you

have to tell the truth. tell what's going on in congress and let the american people know what's going on. they pass laws and they don't tell us nothing. has 15aw they pass definitions. america,nt to save elect no lawyers. ,ost: from chicago, illinois this is david on the republican line. caller: i believe that the next run for office and when the office is a candidate who has the cause of the poor and the oppressed in their heart. also of vengeance and rest to be shouldn't against the multi-global corporations and the military industrial complex

that has ruled and ruined this country. it's time to turn our country back into the hands of the 99%. when you look around, when you watch what is on television, on an individual level, you see the decline of conditions in this country. people have lost their jobs and lost their homes, their savings. the banks and financial institutions continue their and they their avarice do so with impunity. an individual robs a bank and they go to jail, but if a large corporation robs millions of individuals from their homes and puts them out of the street,

they get off with a huge raise. you have police who are dressed clubbing and beating people who were unarmed. they are shooting people. you've got people who are sick and can't get proper health care or timely health care. country,tions in this even for people just making and's meat is very difficult. >> is there somebody that captures those philosophies? caller: someone who is in touch with the average american. host: who is that now? is there somebody that captures those ideals? caller: we should have a law that no one can run for been in theo has military service.

andody who is a warmonger there should be nobody allowed to be president who is a millionaire. that is david in illinois. we've got a couple of new stories to tell you about. "the washington post."

blackwood, new jersey. go ahead. caller: the first thing i would like to say is i think that we ,a closer economic one of the popes said that he was against runaway capitalism.

i think he has it right. the money should be a little bit mixed.enly i'm not saying that you strip people who have money out of all their money or something. form a socialist society. help the people on the street. people shouldn't really be on the street. they didn't choose that. they wound up there. as far as the wars going on in the middle east, we did get involved in them.

i would like to see them over with. we're spending a lot of money on them that we really need -- host: six civilians were killed .n a strike

this is marie in atlanta, georgia. we are talking about what should motivate a candidate to run for president. i think the question is what should motivate a candidate to run for president. i'd like to re-read -- reword that. who should run for president? this may sound strange to a lot of people. feel men and women i should run for president. change theo could soul of the nation. everywhere may enjoy freedom, security, and peace.

that's how i feel about the situation. until we can change the heart and soul of the nation, we will continue to experience all of the problems that we are seeing all over the world. this is on twitter. you can add your thoughts as well on our lines and our twitter page. you can post on our facebook page or send us e-mail. takingtish premiere is look at immigration issues. this is a story in "the new york times." they are planning a tougher stance in the u.k.

james is up next. he is in north carolina on the republican line. caller: what should motivate a person to run for president? justee with what the lady got done saying. calling, aa higher person could get the nation back morally on track. far off withne so things that we condone.

there is no way we can get back on track. you would say a religious person should run for president? person andood godly abortion forainst sure. is there a candidate out there that reflects those views? caller: not that i have seen yet. ifave been waiting to see somebody is going to rise up. i have not heard about anybody yet. i like rick santorum during the last election. he did not stand a chance of being elected. the majority of people that voted for him on

his race. host: could this be a member of another religion? caller: for me, it would need to be a christian. host: why that over other religious faiths? the belief in my faith and i go by what the bible says, christianity is inclusive but it's exclusive also. it teaches that it's one way and that makes sense to me. that can make things simple. we are not the smartest people. host: james is sharing his thoughts on what should motivate people to motivate for president. you may agree with other calls.

feel free to share your thoughts on the phone lines. a couple of things to point you to, at the beginning of next week, the president of the university of virginia will appear at the national press club. she was supposed to talk about trends in higher education. questionsspond to regarding the recently adopted zero-tolerance policy the school is taken on campus sexual assault. you may have heard about the "rolling stone" article about a 2012.ape back in you can watch for yourself on monday. that is at 1:00 and you can watch that there. politics,low louisiana is still a hot topic when it comes to the future. debate you for

the primary takes place on monday. that will be at an :00. you can see that debate on monday at 8:00 on c-span two. let's hear from jerry. he is on the independent line. name,: one person by james webb. host: he just announced an exploratory committee. caller: he was in the marine corps, he was a major. he led combat units in combat. he was secretary of the navy. he has been in the congress. he has been a democrat and a

republican. i have read his books. what you think motivates him to do these things? caller: i think he has a good heart. , he took those guys in to battle known he was going to have to sacrifice some of them. he did the best he could. that is what we need. host: if he decides to make the run, you support him. caller: 100%. e-mailed, please quit cutting some of these people off. let them have some of their say.

you do a great job and you are one of by favorites. host: that's jerry in tennessee. let's hear from diane. caller: good morning. i love the pink tie you had on. sight -- have lost bernie sanders. you, it passes me pisses me off that nobody calls and who works for the 1%. they are insane. about, i'm not talking doctor or lawyer rich, i'm talking head fund -- hedge fund rich. they are crazy. they are the koch brothers.

bernie sanders understands what oligarchy is. i have worked for these people. so poor that we are fighting each other for scraps. there is a picture of senator sanders. do you think should motivate a person to make a run for the presidency? you can use him as an example if you want. caller: fairness. and i'm not talking about redistribution of wealth. i'm just talking about fairness. i am never going to get to retire. i'm 50 years old. i'm never going to get to retire. she specifically named a candidate in senator sanders. you can talk about that person as well. bobby from columbia, maryland. go ahead. what i would like to see

in our next president is someone who would run our country according to the constitution. i want someone that will close our borders and have a small government and keep us safe. they would cut the funding of the epa. the regulations are strangling businesses and strangling states. let's put education back in the hands of the states. maybe a military man with some experience. ,f he can be commander in chief we'd send respects our military. i think mitch daniels would be a good one. i think dr. ben carson should be looked at. i am not opposed to jim webb.

i would vote for a democrat or republican or an independent depending on the person. i want someone who has good leadership skills. i could go with any party. i want small government and our borders closed. done with these 5 million are going to hurt poor people the most. host: she mentions the executive action on immigration. a story profiles some of the behind the scenes actions before the announcement.

this was in "the new york times." walter from north carolina, you are next. we are asking people on what

should motivate a candidate to run for president. faceda person that has the adversary with patients who are dying. he has had to lose a few. a very logical, straightforward thinking individual that believes in the people. himod running mate for would be marsha blackburn. i have watched these two over the years. i am an independent. and it my ticket area vote both democrat and republican. i'd vote depending on the candidate and what they stand for. thank goodness for c-span. thank you for allowing us on the air and to discuss these things.

hosea, york of posts thank you for allowing us host: protests were lying down and calling for boycotts of black friday. there is a picture this morning. the st.from robert: of louis time -- post-dispatch. nixon is calling a special legislative session to pay for the costs for emergencies.

rodney from indiana on the democrats line. i think what should motivate them is the honesty and transparency. gap should close the income between the rich and the poor. they should get rid of the corporate welfare and raise the minimum wage so that people can make a living. paytaxpayer doesn't have to

what they can't make working with these walmarts in different stores that get all the corporate welfare and my tax dollars. i think bernie sanders would be ideal. host: a couple of people have mentioned mitch daniels. i live in indiana and i don't think much of mitch. he is too conservative. host: that is rodney in indiana. let's hear from craig from florida. he is on the republican line. go ahead. caller: good morning. i feel that anyone who runs should be motivated to protect and preserve the constitution. that is what the founders had in mind. as far as someone who captures those ideals and

reflects that, is there somebody that stands out for you? somebody who might get your support? was george person washington person i like to see somebody like cam who is more interested in his country than his own ambitions. theirhospitals and concerns with ebola. karen from springfield, massachusetts.

i'd like to see somebody with all of this honesty that people talk about. i think a great way to measure it would be to have the candidate willing to give over all of their wealth to the country and at the end of their term, the country can vote whether or not they can have it back. host: why'd you think that would be effective? politiciansink that that i have seen are concerned more with personal wealth and money than in the else. i do think they are concerned with the american people at all. they can say a lot of grandiose words to get elected. they are more interested in the money that they are going to make. usa today had six reasons. number five was under the

subtitle, because at the family business. jeb bush dismissed the idea that he would run for president. matalin from athens, georgia. caller: good morning. my main concern is that we get somebody in the will standardize the voting process. citizens vote should be counted. by theeply disturbed connection between big money and

our elected officials. i feel that the elections have gotten out of the hands of people whose votes are being suppressed. as a civil rights activist in georgia, i have seen how little has changed. i have seen the continued exploitation of those who are less powerful with less money and less education. as a disabled person from a very young age, i have found my life to be a constant struggle. promisesstened to the that have been delivered by these populists who claim they are going to look out for me. and then i see what has happened. they have raped our environment. they have sold out to hollywood

and people with big money and glamorous lifestyles. i am disappointed in the options that we have for anybody with integrity and compassion. host: does anybody meet those standards? caller: they are pretty high. i would have to say somebody who would be called forward. i would love to see bernie sanders. i was a big fan of elizabeth worn. is in the system just as much as anybody. their rhetoric that she puts out there about credit and student loans is just that. it's rhetoric that she used to get herself elected. i think the best candidate would be a reluctant candidate. i'm not going to support anybody who is running around saying

everything they think what somebody wants to hear. host: let's hear from brenda in texas. she is on the republican line. like to seeuld someone run who has a good sense of morality. change, someone who has common sense. it seems like no politician these days has any common sense at all. someone who would have the righte to do what's instead of what will get them elected again. i would like it to be someone who is not a lifelong politician. i would like for it to be someone who is living in the regular world and knows what's

going on. host: who is that someone? caller: i really like dr. ben carson. host: why him? caller: i haven't heard anybody speak as much common sense as i've heard come from him. i know he had a good moral upbringing. wants to do what would be right for the country, not what's right for him. we will hear one more call from anthony in new york about what should motivate a candidate to run for president. caller: good morning. i believe we should look at the history of people in order to pick a candidate. i looked at the clintons from when they were college kids. these are two brilliant people who dedicated their lives to our country.

bill clinton became our and he was the only one who balance the budget and got the arabs and israelis together to sit down and to start a real peace in israel. was the root of our problems in the east. he was able to avoid big wars. he wheeled and dealed and he was smooth. he was a president. , i believe that hillary is part of that fiber. she will bring us back to where we should be. we have to pay attention to that. otherfocus in on this thing with lewinsky. he is only human. that is my comment. in newhat is anthony york. he will be the last call on this topic.

we will change gears and take a look at retail sales and business, especially small businesses. they are competing with the larger ones. what do these firms want from the 114th congress? us tokuhlman will join discuss those matters next. people are concerned about getting their credit card and a stolen. what is the government doing about that? securityalk about data and your credit safety when " washington journal" continues after this. >> this thanksgiving weekend, we continue our four day tv and american history tv programming.

ike on the history of the birth control pill. bill nye the science guy on creation inng science classes dangerous. tonight, george washington and benedict arnold and sunday of american glimpse life between 1914 in 1930. find our complete television .chedule at www.c-span.org tell us what you think about our programming. you can send us a tweet. join the c-span conversation, like us on facebook, follow us on twitter. james rison on how the government wastes lives of docs -- dollars on the war on terror. official who only

try to investigate what happened all the money that the united states sent to iraq. -- differentstrict estimates. over $11 billion of the $20 billion in iraqi money that the united's states sent back to iraq was unaccounted for. was $2 billion in $100 bills was stolen after it was flown from anders air force base to baghdad. it was being hidden in a bunker in rural lebanon. >> sunday night, on c-span's co we willo -- your talk with ann compton who retired after 40 years as a

white house correspondent for abc news. "washington journal and code continues. kevin kuhlman is joining us. good morning. give us a snapshot of who you represent. caller: the national federation of independent does mrs. is the oldest and largest small business advocacy organization. we have 350,000 members nationwide. is --pical business owner our definition is they must be independently owned and not publicly traded. the average member probably has 10 employees. everything from nor mom-and-pop shop on main street to a professional service to someone on the side street who is getting their hands dirty.

we have city members and agriculture members. it's a wide swath of membership. there are many different types of business models as well. host: you are looking at the larger retailers like toys are us, people shopping there. what goes through your mind? host: it's interesting. people are in the holiday mood. it's encouraging. this is small business saturday. while having the big lines is good fodder for papers, today is take advantage of visiting small businesses and strike up a conversation. you will get better customer service and you will help the community as well. host: what are your estimates this holiday season? year mighthink this

be slightly better than next year. it seems everyone is progressing a little bit at her. , as we think were quite come out of this past recession, we are finding from our research thatthe smaller businesses the recovery is slow. it is not quite what the stock market is telling us. small businesses are recovering. they are trying to recover. they have some obstacles in the way. things are looking slightly better. host: obstacles such as? caller: we asked our people what the top problems are and they said red tape and taxes. sales during the recession was number one by far. gone down in the list

of problems. that is good. we have the other two that i mentioned. host: we always see this from where we are, when congress makes rules to large retailers, how does that affect small business? caller: there is a downstream effect. i think a lot of good intentioned laws or bills that are passed and signed by the president to have a negative impact on small businesses. in direct costs are often passed down. the health care law, it was promoted as opportunities for small businesses. we will create a small business exchange and have a tax credit. a lot of those of not come to fruition. have comehe costs down to the small business owner. they have an increased

compliance burden to they have seen premiums go up. that maybe normalizing. they were often told this would not impact to significantly. some of the benefits have underperformed here it them --e they putting how does that work specifically? been a dynamic role at. there were some delays. the employer mandate does begin this year. only for businesses with 100 or more employees. in 2016 it begins for employees with 50 or more employees. it will never apply to businesses with fewer than 50. the products they purchase have to be more substantial. they do have some other compliance burdens as well. host: kevin kuhlman is our

guest. he is talking about small businesses with the upcoming congress. you may have questions about that. here is how you can talk to him. we have also set aside a line for small business owners. if you want to share your thoughts. what do you expect from a congress? host: there is still some important work to be done. there is a wonderful opportunity. it looks like things are trending in the right directions. this taxlly, within

extenders exercise. this is a broad list of provisions that are only temporarily extended. routine exercise for the past 15 years or so. exercised of an annual . we get to the end of the year where procrastination kicks in. it is more important than ever that these get done. businessall sectioning. small business owners in the past were able to spend up to $500,000 in business investments to help grow and potentially create jobs. at the beginning of this past to tothat was reduced what he $5,000.

$25,000. wereood news is that there reports about a deal being struck between the house and the it andthat said, we get we want to permanently extend and expand the small business expensing provision, so that they can invest more capital into their businesses up to that $500,000 level. that would be vitally important for our members, to provide certainty and a boost to help reach out. host: is it a bipartisan effort? the good news. it is a bipartisan effort. congress here it. -- hear it.

together, let's get some things done, let's focus on economic issues. now, there was potentially some opposition from the white house saying, focus on some of our tax priorities as well. we hope that all parties can come together. i just hope the white house drops resistance. host: let's get to calls. this is david. you are on. caller: i just mostly want to make a,. -- comment. , theoads are full of cars restaurants are full. i don't see how it could be any better. gases really helped everybody on small business.

-- gas has really helped business.on small the local walmart was packed. it is unbelievable. host: do you shop at large retailers or small businesses? caller: both. i get a lot of hardware stuff at the local hardware store. andi go to walmart a lot that type thing. we do both. guest: you touched on a wonderful point. energy cost. prices seem to be down a little bit. that is wonderful news for the consumer and it creates a little bit more expendable income. some consumers are just saving that, which is never a bad thing. lower energy cost is vitally important. whenever gas is well over three

dollars per gallon, that creates problems for small business owners, especially those who transport or deliver. it really makes them sacrifice in other areas of their business. there are some benefits to the lower energy cost. that is wonderful that it seems that more people are out and about. that is a good sign. we certainly did not see that four or six years ago. small business owners are having a little bit of a comeback. it is happening in little bit more slowly than we would help. -- hope. host: has walmart hurt small business? guest: it used to be higher on our list of concerns. it has dropped down to maybe six or seven. i don't think it is as problematic as it once was. some larger retailers may be going by the wayside at this

point. it is an element of competition. it is a challenge on price. small business owners may not be above to price as competitively, but they make up for it in other aspects. host: this is rob from california. caller: good morning. i own two small businesses. taxes. we have a thing out here called dir. to become a corporation, i am on the hook for $800. it would be nice to see small businesses get the same rates as corporations because we are job creators.

see and evento place for small businesses. thank you so much. guest: that is an excellent point. rates. small business owners faced two different tax burdens. is what they actually pay and the other is their burdens. we are complicated and unpredictable right now. the compliance cost, that burden is extremely high and extremely high for small business owners. they generally do not have a cpa on staff so they spend a 10 of time on the run doing this or they outsource it and that is expensive as well. the marginal rate is expensive as well. rob is talking about his llc.

of smallmajority businesses file as pass-through entities. it is the individual rate they are concerned about. the individual rate is important. in awe would like to see is dealax reform effort with the issue on the individual and the corporate side. the vast majority of small business owners pay on the individual side. you are able to lower both of those rates. i think that would provide a boost to small business owners and the economy. host: do you see any support for that in the incoming congress? there does. the outgoing chairman of the ways and means committee did a service to everyone by getting the process started.

he is now retiring. the incoming chairman, paul carrying indicated that baton and keeping that going. i think there will be interest in the senate as well. penets complicated when hits paper, but i think there is optimism. it has not been comprehensively looked at since 1986. host: john from oregon. yes, i want to make a comment about christmas shopping. the first year that my wife and doing married, we were the thing i'm going to the malls and everything else. , i said, there

has to be a better way. she says, i don't know what we can do. we decided that we were going to shop at the entire -- through the entire year at big stores, little stores. now we are all done with our shopping and we can go out and enjoy the lights and go out to wener and the family and don't have to put up with the crowds or anything. the people need to do that. tv these black friday sales and people are running and they are fighting and the police are called. this is not what christmas is all about. i'm envious of your

position. i wish i was done with my holiday shopping. you do make a good point. small business saturday is a good thing. at maybe thewds large establishments and take a stroll through the community. people are lighting their holiday lights in small towns across the country. while you're doing that, small and to these -- stop into the small stores and folks will realize the benefits that they speaking withg -- the smaller guys in their community. host: lines open to talk to kevin kuhlman. we have divided them by party and included a special line for those of you who have a small business. (202) 585-3883. small business owners out there. gary from north carolina. caller: i just want to make a comment.

i don't understand why everybody is so upset about paying taxes. if everybody believes in capitalism, why does everyone want a tax break from the government? they say they don't need the government for nothing, but they always want the tax break. i have a small business and i don't get no tax break. if you can't make it, maybe you should go out of business. host: what is your business? caller: i have a couple of employees and i never -- i didn't look for nothing. it at what youke are doing, maybe you should do something else. i have a pressure washing business. gary, i don't think anyone opposes paying taxes. a fair, lower, and perhaps competitive tax rate. small business owners are generally comfortable with paying taxes.

sometimes they feel that the tax dollars they spend are not spent wisely. they are looking more to the spending of their tax dollars. but they do support paying tax dollars at the federal or local level, but they wanted to be competitive and fair. host: what is the federal tax rate for small business? guest: it is about 35%. ratefile at the individual and after a couple new taxes from the affordable care act, that rate is up around 39.6% at the top end. it is slightly higher than what corporations to pay. marginal rates are different. at a lower rate or less business income, they pay a lower rate. ,ight now, the higher end

individual business owners do pay higher than corporations and they would like to see those more fair and competitive. --t: on twitter guest: that is absolutely right. on taxes and regulations, you have many layers to the onion you could say. oftentimes, we argue about the , butal tax rate in d.c. pilon top of that any state ones and any municipal or local taxes and regulations and this burden becomes a little bit overwhelming and small business owners are acting in good faith and want to follow the law, but you keep piling on more and more and they are not even aware of whether they are violating that. on the regulatory side, we would like to see moving away from a culture of enforcement and penalty and moving toward a culture of compliance and

education and outreach. you don't want someone to show up and say -- you would prefer them to say, i'm here to help and here is how we can correct the problem versus coming down with a heavy hand and saying, you broke the rules, pay up. host: steve from indiana. is on the comment bill that kevin was just talking about. host: go ahead. caller: for the small businesses. i was under the understanding that that was a $100 billion tax write off tax giveaway for the corporations, very little for his will corporations -- the small corporations. when the solar, they are going theysh -- wind and solar,

lot ofng to cut a subsidies out of those areas. we need to start subsidizing the small businesses because they are the only ones that are hiring right now. good: you do bring up a point. 60% of all the net new jobs are created by small businesses. they really are the job creators. that is because there are generally many more of them. if many small businesses create one job, that is a greater multiplier effect than if a large corporation can create dozens of jobs. there is strength in numbers. are referring to the year end tax package. we are going to see what details are actually in it. there are only press reports

about what is in it so far. i wanted to highlight one issue that would help small businesses and that is the small business expensing provision. section 179. .xtension and expansion host: deborah from mississippi. caller: morning. i think you need to educate the people out there that every time , the big banks make it more expensive for me to accept credit cards. everybody is like, big banks, big banks, i hate the big banks. leave the big banks alone. all they do is pass expenses onto me. and then i have to pass it on to the customer. then i have a hard time competing because my prices are not low enough. everybody wants to say stick it to the big corporations.

most businesses get their products that they sell from big business. californiaplaces in that i get 95% of my products from. california, you know how regulatory they are there. i own my business in meridian, mississippi. two major products i buy is from california. when they for them stick it to those big companies i have to buym, those products with all of those regulations piled on top of their product to me. you see how expensive that is. fuel cost affects every 18 wheeler that drives. i have two businesses. i have a bakery and i sell statuary. everything i get comes on 18

wheelers. those boys, they pay high fuel cost. the you think for one minute they are not adding that into the cost of the product that i buy? no. guest: you make an excellent point. about the indirect cost. oftentimes, policymakers are this is not going to impact you. the fact of the matter is that those folks acted as middlemen. if the government tries to put an added cost or burden onto them, it is just passed along ,own the chain and eventually the least amount of ability to pass that along is where the impact occurs. that is usually at the small business or customer level.

you make a good point about indirect cost. any policy maker needs to add s onto airements or cost larger entity. those will be passed along. host: what are credit card fees like now? guest: the federal government has looked into that. they have said, we are going to cap credit card swipe fees at this amount. i think it is at a percentage. 3%, somewhere around there. what happened on a lot of smaller purchases, credit card companies said, we will give you a lower fee on some of these items. once the store standard was set, any fee went away and it regressed to whatever the requirement was.

once this level was established, a decreased flexibility for a lot of credit card companies and small businesses. to shield consumers from that .ost .ost: ron from pennsylvania isler: what do you think going to be the effective obamacare on small business? thank you. i will hang up now. guest: that is an excellent question. thisve been studying anecdotally and from scientific research perspectives as well. in the next couple weeks, we that weease a survey are studying to check the impact of obamacare, the affordable care act, on small businesses.

we are finding higher costs and lot of confusion. in 2014, we thought this was going to be the first year of full impact of obamacare on individuals, businesses, large and small. some of that was phased-in or .elayed the impact will be felt differently in all the states. all plans were supposed to come into full compliance in 2014, but then in november of 2013, when all of the policy cancellations were being sent out, the administration said the people could keep their plan for an additional year and then later they said an additional two or three years. that has really muddied the picture and has made it less certain. small business owners are feeling that the terms are being dictated to them by insurance companies and state

decision-makers at this point in time. you say, we decided to give one year of additional relief from the full impact or, everything has to come into compliance now. it is all over the map. we are seeing higher cost and more confusion as a general theme. host: your organization sued the federal government over the affordable care act. guest: absolutely. the lawsuit was challenging the constitutionality of the individual mandate. we thought that exceeded the ability of the federal government under the commerce clause. didcourt said, yes, it exceed the commerce clause powers, however under the taxing authority, congress is able to pass this. recently, comments some of the architects of the

affordable care act saying, if we call that a tax originally, we would not have been able to pass it. that is what it came down on essentially. the head of our legal foundation mics to say we won our argument, but we lost their case. it is looking like the affordable care act will be back in court this summer dealing and whetherdy case the federal government can issue subsidies and tax credits in states that do not set up their .wn state-based exchange it looks like that will be back in court's this december. host: let's hear from steve in ohio. caller: good morning, young man. before mentioning taxes and reforming the taxes. i often wondered why we did not consider replacing the corporate

and business tax with a value added tax? haveo'neill and others thought that the value added tax is much of a lower burden, better to administer, and it could be very broad-based. i was wondering why it does not seem to be on anybody's radar screen? thank you. allt: steve, i think thoughts should be entertained as we go into a larger tax reform discussion. everyone recognizes that the current system we have is not working well. it is very inefficient. -- theust volume us convoluted.rge, and there is an effort to make it simpler and more fair.

theour point, more simple way you described it. the concern about a value added theis that there is always temptation to make that text larger and larger and larger and it is felt that every single level of the transaction or every level of the supply chain. it is exciting that we are having a more open mind about tax reform. i think small business owner concerns about a value added tax is that the temptation to grow and make it larger would be too great. host: chuck from florida. caller: good morning. i would like to ask a preliminary question. first, i believe that most construction companies under 50 are members of the

nife. guest: we have many members. caller: i have been in construction for 42 years. your members are actively engaged in hiring illegal people to work and displace american citizens in the construction industry. you get them to for one and they are not nearly as skilled and they don't have the discipline of the american worker. what is your position as a policy manager and how are you involved in allowing or disallowing this to happen? our members try to follow the law and good faith. support the system that would check background on employees to make sure that they do have legal status.

immigration front, our members have traditionally supported this background type faith, where they in good submit the employees through this system and it tells them, yes, this person is ok. they feel the same way that you do in a sense that they hire folks legally, but they are worried that the competition perhaps does not. eey do support this -verification system. they would like to see it improved it little bit. it has technical errors they would like to see worked out. they would support that path. they are not looking to cheat the system. they are following it in good faith. and thetem comes back system said, yes, this person is ok and later we find out it was not ok, we believe that they are

following the efforts of good faith. you cannot hit a small company fine that might drive them out of business for following the law and good faith. -verifyy do support the e to make sure that they are following the law. what is your organization's stance on the president's executive action? a little was concerning. we would prefer everything to go through congress. i don't think it helps the congressional effort. it probably takes it a step or two back. we would like to see any immigration reform effort go through congress. we have some concerns with the senate proposal that passed in the previous congress, namely that they created a new entity that would be enforcement that would be funded by penalties. temp tatian there is always

more fines and more penalties. that was our major consign -- concerned with the senate. was talkingesident about the executive action and made the case that increasing immigration would help with growth in the economy overall. i want you to listen to his thoughts. [video clip] >> one study a few years ago start moreimmigrants than a quarter of all new businesses in the united states. one quarter of them. another study found that immigrants and their children start over 40% of fortune 500 companies. think about that it makes sense. being a nation of immigrants gives us a huge entrepreneurial advantage over other nations. if you were willing to strike out, go to somewhere else, build from scratch, you have that sense of being willing to take risks and being able to build .omething from scratch

that is part of what the american spirit is all about. it is part of what drove us westward across the frontier. not feeling like what is in front of you is the only thing that is possible, but that something else is possible. and of those businesses started benefit area or that means more jobs, more growth for everybody. immigrants to create their own businesses. it is always great to have more businesses. more businesses are always great. that thereme concern are less new businesses being created. we need to look at why is that the case?

we would like to see any immigration reform efforts go through the congress. our people concerned about this flood of new businesses coming up? have not heard much about competition in that regard yet. the immigration reform effort was not strictly dealing with a lot of business interest. it is on the social side, it seems. we would like to see any reform effort focus on the economy and what could help with businesses. host: the lines are available if you want to ask questions of our guests. we have set aside a line for those small business owners, (202) 585-3883. larry in colorado. caller: a couple of things.

a couple of comments and a question. for james webb for secretary of defense. i think he is extremely well-qualified. has to stopa picking his buddies and pick the job.who can do we need to see what china is doing right and what we are doing wrong. we really need to study that. the question is, what ever happened to the sba? sba still exists. the small business administration. agency in the federal government. they preliminarily deal with loans that go through banks and provide small business loans under different categories. it is primarily a lending

agency. not a lot of our members are able to take advantage of those loans. not necessarily because they are too small, but just because those loans are too focused on this area or that area. they are earmarked for something to specific. something energy or like that or a specific type of business owner that they do not fall into that category. they are unable to take advantage of sba loans as much as possible. forever, we heard that we need more loans, more lending, and that will help the economy. our research shows that at this if small business owners want 's, they will have no trouble obtaining it. perhaps they are not at the point of wanting a new loan.

the preliminarily invest in their businesses through their own cash flow. they take earnings and they invested back. if they are going through massive expansion, maybe they will entertain a loan. if they want to get a loan, they can. what our members do like with the small business administration is the office of advocacy. this is an independent element within the sba that does take a small business owner's view of wellness, regulations. they are generally pretty good the impact oning a number of significant businesses -- significant number of small businesses. that helps us in our conversation with regulators about trying to provide more

sensibility into the regulatory conversation. our members would like to see more small business owner processation in that and would allow them to give their perspective on how this specific regulation will impact their business directly and indirectly through higher cost. -- some like to see so .ensibility the number of loans approved for guarantees has increased. guest: those businesses that are able to take advantage of sba loans, it generally helps them. host: if a loan is given and the business goes under, what happens to the responsibility of the loan?

guest: that is excellent. likely, they have to pay it back . i just don't know. host: thomas in south dakota. caller: good morning. i have a question about a possible change in the patent offices. to get a new idea started , toing from just a thought see if it is already patented, it is just almost an .mpossibility no one has $20,000. could it be made better? guest: i think there is a lot of room for improvement on the patent approval process or anything we can do to lower the barrier of entry for small businesses to be created.

that should be entertained. we need to take a view of all barriers that are happening preventing jobs from being created, businesses from starting, and really targeting them. host: kathy from maryland. caller: glad to be on. i would like to say i have been in business for 33 years. i am a republican in maryland. i have hired hundreds of .mployees i started with seven stores, i am down to one store sadly. the recession is not good for me. i havedreds of employees hired, i love the fact that i have done that. have't tell you how many come back to me and said, that

was the best job i have ever had. i hear elizabeth warren, barack obama, and hillary clinton say, you did not build that, i know it is meant to be for big businesses, but i feel like it is a slap to me in my face and i would like to say to them, you did not educate the mes you sent to work for very well. i did that. i give them math skills, punctual skills, how to deal , when amazon.com puts me out of business, at least i can be proud of the fact that i did that. thanks for sharing your perspective. the comment of you didn't build that struck a chord with a lot of our members certainly. context and iire guess i don't know why he said it. it did strike a chord.

those first opportunity jobs, that is vitally important. it pairs well with a good education. punching in and punching out is vitally important and something we need to focus on more. removing barriers to getting folks that first job. she mentioned amazon. how are your businesses competing against online retailing? it is interesting. some of our members use those sites. some view them as direct competition. it is an interesting dynamic that we are dealing with. it is similar to the big box stores. it is an added element of

competition that puts downward pressure on prices for our members. it is just one element of competition that they are forced to deal with unfortunately. we are hopeful that some small business owners may be able to use that as an afternoon for sales. members majority of our , some may use those services to ship or sell. vast majority of our members, their customer base is within 10 miles of their location. host: you have been hearing from kevin kuhlman, national federation of independent business, the public policy director. if you want to go to their website and learn more about them. thank you for talking. with holiday shopping in full swing, we will discuss what

congress and the federal government is doing to make sure your credit and david card safe.e -- numbers are our next guest, kevin kuhlman --ed mierzwinski, will talk about that. first, we want to talk about "newsmakers." shah will be here. he is talking about the status of u.s. efforts to fight ebola in west africa. [video clip] usaid has a responsibility for coordinating the response in west africa. if you look across the three endemicntries, we -- countries, we have seen signs of real progress, but we know this is going to be a long-term fight to keep ebola contained and dealt with at its source.

going tohe needs are continue many many months into the future. we take a very data-driven approach. liberiaransmission in was from family members touching, consoling, kissing, washing bodies of the deceased who have died of ebola. six or seven people on a teamer inped in -- are draped equipment. we have brought the rate of cases down dramatically. that is making a huge difference.

>> are transmission rates falling across the board? i think liberia has probably been the biggest. that is where we have see the largest reduction in transmission. the data is not perfect, but it is a steep reduction in liberia. in sierra leone, we are seeing .ust under 2000 active cases we are working hard to take the cases we have learned in liberia response-- apply the

in sierra leone. >> "washington journal" continues. host: our guest is ed mierzwinski. he is talking to us about the safety of credit card data information. a lot of people are using credit cards and debit cards. are they any safer from data breaches? guest: not yet. it is going to take two or three years to cycle through all the cards. after 40 years of using the same magnetic stripe technology, are finally going to at least shift. they will go to chip and signature as they cycle old cards. host: explain how that works.

guest: there is a little tiny computer-chip built into the new cards and it takes your credit card number and it converts it to a one time use number. merchants do not get your credit card number flowing into their computers. they will get a number that can only be used once and it has already been used. chip makes a big difference. it proves that your card has not been cloned. approven addition will -- improve that you are not a bad guy or the person who knows the car cost plan or password. pin: it would be a collectively is determined to go shopping. guest: exactly right.

atm cards and visit you think the visible without a pin. the hope that is where the whole problem started. the banks insisted on using obsolete technology and , ansferred it onto a card debit card has a weaker protection under the law. even worse, it is your own money. the money comes out of your account and you have to fight with the bank to get it back. what took the bank so long to adopt this technology. visa and mastercard networks are a doo-wop pulley.

poly.o they make swipe fees from merchants. are one bigger if they the networks they own. they wanted to make more money. they insisted on using the cards and making fraud the cost of doing business. now, it has gotten out of control and they are starting to take on chip and pin. this is been used in other countries forever. host: will this be widespread or a slow rollout? guest: i think that the rollout is going to be slow. bigger merchants have already put in the devices that except the cards, but not all merchants will have them immediately. cards generally expire after two or three years. when you get the new card, you will get the chip taste card.

banksn call most of the and ask for one today, but will you will not get it if your card currently expires. credit card--host: security. (202) 585-3880, democrats. (202) 585-3881, republicans. (202) 585-3882, independents. there is a chart from "forbes." it shows some of the larger breaches in history. what is the responsibility in all of this? do they have a responsibility in terms of how they treat data breaches? it is a very complicated issue. banks issue rules to the merchants that they build a bigger wall around your

computers. it has become impossible for merchants to keep up. merchants build a 10 foot wall and the bad guys get an 11 foot ladder. liability.ts have the swipe fees, a large portion of them goes to rewards. goes to profits for the banks. a small portion does go to pay for fraud. the merchants think they pay more of it than the banks think they pay. they are always in a big fight over it. i think the merchants have a good case to make that we should have gone to a better card years ago. target tried to go to chip 10 years ago, but nobody else was adopting it, so they gave up. the chart.t is on

home depot we have heard about. how well are they doing with disclosure? guest: that is the only thing that congress is focused on. data breach notification. 49 states require that you notify your customers of a breach. there are two reasons for the laws. to give consumers a chance to be warned and take action second, to basically force the companies to do a better job of protecting the information because if they don't, they will ruin the reputation by acknowledging. there are a number of investigations by state attorneys general to find out whether companies are notifying people in time, as per the state laws. in congress, we are in a big fight over how strong any federal breach law will be. industry wants a week breach law that also overrides any existing state laws. even though it is only a breach notice proposal, would prevent doing anything in

the future. we think that is wrong. california posts breach law says that if it is presumed that the bad guy has acquired information, you must notify your customers. industry wants there to be a harm trigger. don't presume that the customer is going to be harmed, presume that if the information was lost, there has to be some standard of harm. , we lost yourying information, we did not keep good care of it, but we want the right to determine whether to tell you we lost it. that is wrong. brian in kansas. caller: thank you for taking my call. i think that our data is protected by encrypted and secured lines.

aren'tblem is that we not protected from organized hackers. i worked for great companies. they have access to our account information. .ow we are protects us if these companies want to act as a hacker. well, i think the caller is raising a good question. what we know about the big companies on the internet that are, thing -- collecting vast amounts of information's about retailers who are collecting or credit and david card information? haveve to continue to congress and the federal trade commission look into this to find out more about what google and facebook are doing with their data.

consumer groups think companies are collecting too much data. the applications you put on your phone or tablets, wide to some applications, why does a game need to know where i am? why is a very good question they have that information. why do they need all of the information about our credit cards. host: how long do they have to keep it. keep: they don't have to it at all, but companies like to keep it forever. there are debates in europe about having information fall .ff as soon as possible one of the things about going to a chip card is the most important information will no longer be kept at all. data minimization is an important step forward. yahoo!, facebook,

information is what they make money off. they monetize it. elaine from clearwater, florida. caller: i have a direct expressed of the card and my social security money goes right into this card and that is all it is good for. i cannot put any money in, i cannot do anything out. how safe is that? guest: is that the brand of card? direct express? the government sent me this when i was getting my social security check and they want to did safer, so they said why do you put your money into a direct express. so that is what i do. it is through comerica bank. talkinghe caller is about the new way social

security is being distributed by the government instead of mailing you a check every month. this into a prepaid dev occurred. -- prepaid debit card. generally is not a strongly protected as a credit card. in this particular case, i think the government has required additional protection subject to check. you should be very careful to continuously check your accounts with any prepaid card. if your card has not been taken, you have up to 60 days from when you think the money was stolen to notify.ccount comerica has not too many humans

, but many automated systems that the consumers have to deal with. tryingrs get frustrated to get answers out of the bank. i think your money is safe, but be careful to check your account .alance on a regular basis [numbers] caller: what is the physical card look like. i don't know if i have a chip in there or not. what do i look for? what you see with a chip

usually, you will see a small, shiny, silvery or gold-ish looking square on the card. i'm sorry i did not bring one with me to show on tv. host: i will try to pull up an image and we will continue with the calls. ernie is in ohio. caller: good morning. out isng i have found that the retailers keep all the information from the card long after you have swiped. isn't that true? isn't that really part of the problem? you are right

that that has been part of the problem and the chip card is going to solve that problem because the retailer is no longer going to have your card information. let's be clear. banks, retailers, third parties on the internet all want as much information about u.s. possible. with the retailers is that right is the information goes into the bank, there is a period when it is not encrypted yet and that is where the bad --s are scraping at this that is a fancy internet term -- right out of the retailer computers. there are two issues that this call brings up. it is encrypted after the first few seconds.

they are getting into the customer relations management database. that includes all of your other information. name, e-mail, phone, address. then they send you an e-mail or make a phone call and they pretend to be from the bank and they say come a problem with your account mr. smith, i'm going to give you a little bit of information to prove that i am with the bank and i would like you to give us the rest of the information to prove that you are you. it is a scam. peoplealled phishing and should be very wary to not open e-mails that should purport to be from the bank. your bank will not send you an e-mail or call you on the phone. up andfeel free to hang call the bank on the number that is on the back of your card. that is the safest thing to do. is joiningerzwinski

us to talk about the efforts for collecting data when it comes to your credit card and debit card. , democrats.80 (202) 585-3881, republicans. (202) 585-3882, independents. focuses on on this issue. why not other issues? like the actual security aspects, the responsibility for the retailers. guest: those are bigger into the that get of the congress committees, etc., etc.. it gets very obligated for congress to address some of those issues. some of the things they don't do is go something that goes too far to take away the right to continue to investigate and be our first responders. but disclosure is one thing. the other thing, though, is starting to happen without congress.

and that is an upgrade in a type of cards that we use. finally, chip is going to become a reality. the president announced an executive order last month that all knows government cards.

the right devices to accept the chip cards. and more retailers need to put those in, otherwise consumers will find the cards don't work. that has been difficult, but it is all coming together. banks and the merchants have signs and contracts that have push them faster and faster. and so, by the end of issue, i think we'll see things moving more quickly.

host: cynthia from new york, go ahead, please. caller: hi, i wanted to ask about heart bleed. i were talking about using the that type of technologies brought us the heart bleed bug. real he ghana puts a resources into -- they going to put some real resources into this? guest: that is a great question. banks, governments, private all use open source software. the heart bleed bug was essentially a mistake made by a small group of people that nobody found. i think you're going to find chip and pin technology is much more sophisticated than that. although open-source software very good in most cases,

they do not catch that case quick enough. is being and pin rolled out, and companies like apple are getting into the game. ght now, apple is working with the banks, but in the long banks may be saying we ever we wished for because apple wants to play for us now, but in the long run, they may not want to share. they may want to take over the payment system. short run, apple pay iis a very secure technology from everything that i understand about it. host: so our guest is talking these data breaches -- card debit, card information. is something you trust? guest: many advocates say it is a very robust system to protect the information because of

way apple verifies the iphone works. just more encouraged not by apple pay, but by the fact that it may stimulate additional research in this area. the merchants, on the other hand, they want to stop paying fees to the banks. deal with the a banks, so they pay slightly lower fees than merchants pay. the merchants are trying to set up their own system called ncx. host: louisville, kentucky. this is luisa. caller: thank you for taking my call today. ever since the home depot debacle, i was one of the customers. i have just learned to take up the money out of my atm, go directly to the store, pay in cash. better way eck be a to go? run, l that in the long

these encrypted cards will be infiltrated by hackers. that is all i have to say. thank you for c-span. fair : iit is a very statement to make. i can recommend to people that can use credit cards without the risk of running up excessive credit card debt, use credit cards. not debit cards. i am shocked if your bank or credit union charges a fee to a new debit card when you are a victim of fraud. host: bonnie is in idaho. hi. caller: good morning. i have a question about -- we just received a chip card in the mail. they also said that we were going to get a pin number. i was wondering what the pin number would be used for. and then, my concern is still the internet.

just putting your credit card number in the internet, i am concerned about that. and question number two, we had a data breach at our medical clinic. and it was not so much the credit card, it was more the social security numbers. is that is -- they said they didn't breach that f the medical data, it was just things such as your social security number number. what can i do about that? guest: those are a number of important questions. on the social security number, that is the key to your credit report. if a bad guy applies for credit name with your social and address, theoretically they can open up a critical in your name. new account ed identity draft. when you come back to your chip question about the

and pin, usually you get your pin number for any credit card or any atm card separately in a separate envelope. usually a few days after the se the bank ecau want a bad guy stealing the card and the pin in the same envelope. the pin is for -- well, if you use it in an atm, the type is a pin. up an ctually brings interesting way in which the banks have confused consumers. years ago, when you started using debit cards, you could them with a pin. when the banks were able to on the signature system, they confused consumers by saying debit or credit. with your elect debit current card, you are actually to type a pin.ant and everywhere will still take a pin.

when you select credit, it does not mean that you debit card becomes a credit card. it simply means that it is run across the signature system. ideally, you will be able to use chip and pin at many locations. there may be some locations that are chip only, but we will see how that rules out. host: i have a card that you the system and it pays. guest: i think of those cards are probably safer. host: from maine, here's john. to ler: hello, i just wanted say that countries like the soviet union which we have may tions against, they have their hands in this. people are very smart. if they're going to get help people do that.

in a couple years, before this chip technology comes out, they could take advantage of it. can you protect yourself from law enforcement coming to that house and saying, oh, is our money. question the caller raises about hacking is a very real question. whether it is china or russia, ponsored hacking or underground hacking, the recent j.p. morgan chase -- many people think that there is hack into ebody could a bank unless you have a very sophisticated state-sponsored system. but the retailer hacks, you can buy that software on the dark side of the internet. to any little hacker in short basically by the hacker for retail systems.

host: four countries have put the chip and pin system in place, has there been a of data breaches? guest: chip and pin is really the solution. in those countries, there is much less fraud at the retail level. the question is whether the fraud is going to migrate online. right now, america is one of the easiest places for the hackers to play because our so easy to hack -- because we are using the magnetic stripe. the real question is, what is going to happen and development of better systems? -- and the -- quite frankly, the work is still being done. host: has there ever been efforts to bring debit cards up to the same security standards as credit cards?

guest: well, consumer groups report putting them under the same standards. they currently are not; however, the big problem is, even if they were, the money comes out of your checking account. they work the same way, except the money comes out of your checking account. could be out money. so we want to bring them up to the same legal standard, but we want to educate people that, as long as you are using a card with a magnetic stripe, it is easy to take money out of count.ank ac host: who is banking this effort on capitol hill? guest: senator warner has a bipartisan bill. i do not know that those bills will pass or not, but i'm arguing that if there is going to be any breach notice bill, to be a strong -- the strongest state law. host: doris is up next in south carolina. democrats line.

caller: they're also saying used for numbers for your pin numbers. long pin ou have a number -- you know, something that you can remember. do you know what i'm saying? put in for numbers. that is another gimmick. guest: most cards only as a four digit pin because they want consumers to be able to remember them, but it is wrong ople to nk to tell pe their date of birth, or use the last four digits of your social security number. you should use some number that nobody can be able to guess. host: monday will be cyber monday. what are your concerns for the flowing on that day? guest: for cyber monday, i will probably shop online and i will use a credit card.

because it is not my money. i will never use a debit card online. on small even merchants online because the bank works harder to get their own money back -- i think they do, anyway. so i will use credit cards. you are totally fine using credit cards. stay away from debit cards online. stay away from prepaid cards online. host: cynthia, good morning. the republican line. caller: ggood morning. i think i have a question answered already. i was concerned about my use of the credit card on the internet, and also about the democrat issue. thank you. i will hang up and let you talk to someone else. guest: right. be clear, the banks promised the same protection on the debit card, but it was promised in a contract, not the

law. host: next, john on the democrats line. caller: good morning. one, if your information has been hacked bby a major retailer or a bank, i think the bank or the institution should be liable. because usually when they have to be something extra, they are quick in implementing these new concepts you have been speaking about. like econd thing i would to know -- and i will hang up after this -- if you have been information has been hacked, what results have you got? what should you do as an and try al to follow up project yourself? says they know they have been hacked into their system -- and you have been business with this company -- what can you do to protect yourself? you very, very much.

i'm going to hang up now and listen to your answer. thank you very, very much. guest: there are two issues if you get a notice of being hacked. first of all, you could be a victim of existing account fraud on your existing account. again, if it is a credit card, you are very well protected. if it is a debit card, you be a victim of existing account fraud. you need to take the tip of being warned to check your account regularly. if you check in online, that is the best thing to do. check and more often than he usually do. again, you have 60 days to if your card nk itself has not been stolen. if your card itself has been only have two ou days from when you notice that it has been taken to notify the bank.

but the merchants who have been to your by the way, original question -- the merchants have been hacked are all subject to anonymous class-action lawsuits. we will see what happens. i think the reason we forced merchant under the state law to notify consumers that been hacked is partly for the reputation. do a better job protecting our information so that they will not have to tell and preserve their reputation. to do so, i told you what but xisting account fraud, what happens -- once they get a creditor number, they stay on computer and collect on your email address and other information about you. then they send you emails. they pretend to be the bank. they are actually looking for can information so they conduct phishing fraud. never open links in an email that you receive.

never give information to anybody who calls you on the phone. simply hang up and call the bank on the number on your card. that is the best way to find out how well predicted you are. protect ant to really your credit report from new account fraud, there is under every state law and now available in every called a security freeze, which freezes your credit report. so when that guy apply for credit, he can i get into your credit report at the store store is denied access because your credit report is frozen. that is not for everybody and it does cost $5-$10 to set one is the best protection against identity is theft on new accounts. credit monitoring, which is sometimes offered for free. you should never pay for it. it does not stop identity theft.

host: how much information is taken in from a swipe at a retailer? guest: wwell, it is the number and information about you. then they match the information about you. if you have been a customer there before, one of the they want the numbers they can see if you have shopped at the store before. then they try to link it to the the databases they have on the back end of the computer. but, again, all the information is encrypted. within the first few seconds that the hacker is grabbing the raw numbers. host: william from st. paul, minnesota. good morning. caller: good morning. thank you to c-span for taking my call. i will make it quick. what of all, i think -- is his name -- the zoo

over these calls -- it is good that some people have that option, but a lot of us don't. so you are kind of forced into a debit card after all. i was in canada in 1999. you can return something at a store, and you can check your phone online banking account and instantly see that charge or that debit go into your account. returned purchases go back onto your card. i do not know why we can't do that in the us. the banks have way too much control over these debit cards, and we need to take back some of the control. it is -- the make a lot of on these debit cards. a lot of money. guest: the color is exactly right, and not everybody can qualify for a credit card.

the fact is, if you can qualify for credit card, it is the best solution for online. if you do use a debit card, you may consider that you might want to set up to bank accounts. you have one bank account that you use for shopping, and a separate bank account that you use for savings. in a different bank. that cannot be accessed with the same card. that is a workaround for people who have a lot of cash. that they don't want to be at risk. as for the banks having too much power, well, senator durbin -- one of the key consumer champions here -- in the run-up to the collapse in fight to fix things, senator durbin said that the banks on the place. host: from heartland, michigan, joe is up next. caller: yes, good morning. i had three packages delivered last three in the

months. dit someone has used cre that were not mine. i return the packages. i called the vendors, told them a fraud going on, and they would give me the last credit card of the number -- which were not mine -- that is all the information i could obtain. my -- my credit and the credit report for two months. now i do not know how to proceed. do you have an idea of what to do? guest: two things. first of all, call the credit think s and say that you you are a victim of identity theft. they flag your account. and request that they send you

other information for you. if you are a victim of identity theft, that is what you need to do. contact the three credit bureaus immediately. actually, if you contact one of them, they will usually contact the other to automatically. you can find more information about the credit bureaus on the trade commission website -- ftc.gov. of your e second part problem, it could be that there doing d guys who aren't anything with you, but they are using your house is a drop. and you are finding the packages that someone else was intended to pick up. that is something you might ng your consider notifyi local police. host: what does the ftc do in these fields? guest: well, they have long been our privacy federal agency. they have investigated online fraud in online data privacy since the beginning of the internet. they have various powers to

investigate and protect information, but they do not have authority over the banking system. only the banking regulators have authority there. when senator warren came up with the idea -- the idea for the consumer protection bureau, it also gained authority over some of the space. the ftc together with to investigate and protect consumers from online frauds. i should point out, i mentioned credit monitoring. monitoring is a very expensive $10-$20 per month product that banks and credit bureaus sell to make enormous profits on. processes by the ftc is collecting money and sending it back to the summers for this. host: and you said that you can

get this for free? guest: you get credit a company sometimes has been breached. take it for free. but at the end of the year, rep up all the letters that say do continue to get this for $19 a month. continue to get it because it simply does not work. they said stop identity theft. it doesn't. it only tells you after you have been a victim of identity theft. look at your credit report for free without credit monitoring. if they offered to you, i don't like it. to be hink they're going better off, but they are really offering something that is too good to be true. but be careful not to pay for it at the end of the three..

host: ted is next from oregon on the democrats line. caller: good morning, there. a lot of here are people who have been sucked up not really and understanding -- unless they i'm the fine print -- me, in my mid-50's and i have never had a credit cut in my life. of us ents taught all kids, son, if you have to pay online payments, you cannot afford it. so it has always been cast for me. even when i changed from a bank or credit union, i had to plead to get an atm card that did not have a visa logo. so, make your points. cash is king. throw with a credit card and you will be much happier. pedro, thank you. color is very right.

today it is very hard to get a debit card without a visa logo. it is outrageous that all of these cards can be used with a signature. to be safe, now they no longer are. host: from birmingham, alabama, here is margie. caller: hello. thank you very much for taking my call. little bit confused about all of this, but i want to ask one question. ank ve a life lock on my b account. is that a safe thing? guest: lifelock is a private service. they charge you a fee and say that they are watchdog in your accounts. i think it is overrated.

it has been sued by the federal trade commission for deceptive marketing. i do not know any consumer advocates who recommend it. again, i do not know what you are paying for the product, but i think that these products are overrated. lifelike as the one that is advertise the most. host: from alabama, good morning. caller: yes, i have a question about the chip being implanted on the person. i would like to know your thoughts on that. guest: that is not an area i'm really an expert on. you can have other expert on the show to talk about that.

host: how many years will pass before we have a system where most of our transactions is to or by our phones? guest: i think it is coming sooner than you might think. will be more ture convenient. the consumer hat groups have is not only whether going to be private, it is a change the nature of the transaction. have, like the we only buying cash. think ou don't have to about buying things, when you and your the store phone beeps and it says that, do you know that this thing that you really like is for sale today. you don't have to do anything to buy it other than walk in up and re and pick it walk out because your phone automatically bought it for you. you didn't do any thinking. so that is the other concern we have going forward, but i think the day will be sooner than you think.

host: and there's technology that exists? the t: look at starbucks in starbucks scorecard -- or - but er it is called - starbucks lk in the with your iphone and you can buy at starbucks without taking your wallet out. they have had that for over a year. st an example of how easy it is to buy. in very short time, you're be able to buy big purchases without even thinking about it. again, it is not only that going to be safe and that your money is going to is whether the t merchant gains dominance in the transaction over the consumer that makes it easier to be a consumer, and harder to be a ver. host: from maryland, this is john. head. go a caller: hello?

i have a question. i am computer illiterate. i do not know anything about any of the stuff. every time i go to bank of america, i have to swipe a card before i can make my transaction of any kind. do i have a right to refuse? and why are they doing this to me? i sound like -- i go to the bank, i am putting money in your bank. you know? sometimes i get comments like, you have been here for 18 years. and i'm thinking, it is none of your business. they say, why do we try to sell you something. i say i don't want anything. my transaction and leave. u know, i am not rude to the these type of banks -- i feel like i'm going to the

store. would appreciate your thoughts and if you could help me out there. thank you. guest: you are exactly right, the banks want it to feel more han an old bank. a lot of them have really changed their hold the core, -- their trying to whole decor, and if they're trying to sell you something -- account to that account. in terms of swiping your card, i am unaware of why that is. but getting back to the previous caller about the social security card -- again, more and more people are going to be forced to use cards. we simply have to learn how to deal with it. sure that we -- that the affairs are balanced. that the consumers have rights the companies have responsibilities. york, from freeport, new

the democrats line. caller: i have a comment. the federal government is spending money to protect big business. who is benefiting? big business. big businesses say that they hate federal government and want to pay taxes. so even the airlines. i need to comment on this issue. that is it. guest: i think we have some real problems in this country paying mpanies are not the taxes -- they're hiding offshore to avoid paying taxes. they have amassed tremendous political power in washington, public needs to vote, the public needs to get active unlike local level and public officials who will not stand for big business, but will stand for families. take one more call. mike is in tampa bay, florida.

caller: mr. mierzwinski is exactly what hundred percent correct iin all of his comments. i will say that i have seen about all different types of fraud. when i started doing electronic processing. make a couple comments. personal opinion is -- i would never do any baking whatsoever on any cell phone. year, cell phones -- especially if you are using wi-fi -- they are horrible for hacks. then, that is pretty much my comment. lot of the vered a bases. the only kind ever use your card is for taking money out of your own atm -- your atm card at your bank. guest: well, i think is exactly right on the atm card. do not use debit cards at the store because they are risky. as for not using your cell

phone, i would say -- i'm not a my techie privacy apple to me that the phone -- friends told me that the apple phone is a pretty good safety solution. how it rolls out, that is -- on the other hand, you do not want to use your cell phone -- i'm sorry, use your cell to onto internet websites and type in your credit card information. host: and mierzwinski with the us public interest research group. you for your time. guest: thank you. host: to finish of the program, we will do open phones in just a few minutes. 202-585-3880 for democrats. 202-585-3881 for republicans. 202-585-3882 for independents.

you can start calling out. we'll take those calls in just a moment. in case you missed it this week, president obama awarded the presidential medal of freedom. he awarded it to 18 individuals. individuals was academy award winning actress streep. [video clip] >> the onion once ran this headline -- unable to trial because he has no pierce. [laughter] i think this is like the third ward marilyn has got in office -- en award marilyn has got since i've been in office. i love her. her husband knows i love her. michelle knows i love her.

there is nothing either one of them can do about it. [laughter] done it all for her craft. she learned violin. wore a nun's habit. she mastered every accent under the sun. she inhabits her characters so fully and compassionately, saying it is the greatest gift of human beings that we have this power and empathy. gift he screen, she uses a to help others right life stories of their choosing. and to encourage greater empathy and the rest of us. marilyn is truly one of america's leading women. >> "washington journal" continues.

host: up until 10:00 am, open phones. if you go to the pages of the street journal this morning, wall street lenders prepare to eased standards. effect guidelines take on december 1. lenders have blamed the lack of on the tight conditions, which has made it difficult for many consumers to qualify. relaxing the standard credenza it possible for hundreds of thousands of consumers to get mortgages. thing that some lenders -- including wells should - that borrower begin to see initial changes in the next few weeks. including faster turnaround

applications tgage to be processed. you can read other thoughts this morning on the wall street journal. audrain from lexington, kentucky. our democrats line. od morning. caller: good morning. thank you for c-span. get through glad to this morning because i would to say thank you to participated in blacking out black friday. it is an important issue that cannot be swept under the rug. interacting are with the police, there are can t seconds where someone end up dead. is n if somehow all this

somehow justified, we still have to come to grips that it is not right, morally. and there is no future in it. i just want to say thank you to who played a e role and are playing a role in keeping this issue in the forefront of a conscious. host: what do you think of the long-term impact of those demonstrations? caller: i think there will be changes in the law. justify this hat and make and say that it is okay. some of those protests across the nation, this is the in suburban urred st. louis. national, tennessee, you are next. republican line. caller: hi. i just have a comment about all .his i see protesters carrying signs say black people count. but let me just say this.

if they count, why are they not doing something about the black on black crime, the drive-by shootings? that research is this seems to figure that the most are tions in this country on black women. if black lives count, what about all those lives? i don't agree with all this demonstrations and everything going on. host: surely from marble falls, texas. the democrats line. caller: i used to be a special education teacher. had a tired now, but i full of great, big black boys.

one day, one of these boy stood up and knocked me in the face with a big book. i can understand why the policeman was concerned about his safety. you just don't understand what you are up against sometimes. the black community needs to learn to control their children. i'm sorry. love black kids. i love hispanic kids. i just love kids. but i have experienced that, and it was really a terrible thing. host: the holiday shopping season is meant for spending. the wall street journal this morning has a story about the savings that is going on in the united ans states, saying that personal savings rate was on the rise earlier this year. from 4.8% in march, 5.8% in september. the new revisions from the that rce department showed these were illusionary.

that held steady in october. instead of saving that money, consumers bought more than previously thought. spending was up 2.2% in the third quarter. behind that spending, "the wall goes on to say, bit of good news. consumer sentiment has climbed to the highest levels ssince 2007. from maryland, hello, go ahead. caller: okay. went into the , i medicare plan d -- that age group now. worth k it would be well your while, c-span -- some of best programs on television and being straightforward -- but this program that i led in back in january on

plan d, if i had not had a neighbor tell me that you ought get on the internet and look at medicare.gov and see if this program that you have is going money next more year -- if i had not heard that, which i figure many seniors are not paying attention to that -- next year me almost $8000 more. there should probably be more awareness out there for seniors that do not realize that there change in those drug programs each year. the uptick in price? it is so complicated. that i was on gs longer in the formulary, which means it is no longer covered by the company. there is a comedy and found that does cover it. so you have to be careful. if a company dropped a certain

drug off your list, you are going to be paying pretty close to retail price. so you have to be careful and select the company that is covering all your drugs, especially if you are on expensive drugs. host: danny from stockton, california. hi. caller: how are you? i am calling in reference to the second color. that we need ating to raise our children. i know that all kids have not es, but the issue does warrant an assassination or murder by a police officer. michael brown was like 30 feet away from him. threat that he pose? tthen i would also like her to take a look at her children they going to schools l d movie theaters and kil

lots of people. so there is black on black a ime, and we need to get handle on that, but i think kids need to have something more constructive to do than roam the streets. i also think that the government should start claiming these young people to to e a trade, as opposed just wandering around -- maybe at a community college -- but they need to have something to do that is more constructive. host: we will hear from curtis in canberra, georgia. the republican line. caller: yes, good morning. how are you doing? for ve been procrastinating for t 10 years -- traveling

about 10 years all the way down here to georgia to help the homeless for thanksgiving. have a former brother-in-law that has been in the dea down here. i asked him what his biggest he blem was being a cop, and told me -- i mean, this is a thing that i do not just your just from him -- bbut in the community, you have -- we black ad a two-year-old girl named kiki sleeping in her bedroom with her window riddled with bullet holes. the black community needs to role skin's he -- no skin's rule, and stop blaming other people. do know what cops have to do everyday? talk to the police and ask them what they have to do with every year. i just want everybody to come her, all right?

we are americans. americans, african are not latino americans, and i'm sick of this crap. host: tthat is curtis from georgia. f events to tell you about. is the uba president who will address the national press club. can see that live oon c-span at 1 o'clock. she will talk about trends in perhaps, ucation and, the zero-tolerance policy when it comes to sexual assaults. this is in light of the rolling stones article that you may have heard about -- about an alleged gang rape. see her comments c-span. 1 o'clock, on that ck span2 at 8

see ing on monday to mary landrieu and her competitor, representative bill sidy. you can see that on c-span2 monday night at 8 o'clock. marry in texas -- larry in texas. caller: good morning, how are you doing? i'm a young black man in america. why today, i can tell you we are so frustrated. when i walk out of the house white cop walks by, he automatically jjudges me on my appearance. didn't america give me that right to dress like this? they gave me that right. how can you give me a right to dress a certain way, but then you want to stereotype me when i'm walking down the street to to get an , or

education, or to check in my community? then you're wondering why a person is so frustrated. you cannot kick a dog and expect them not to but you back. host: to california, this is don. the democrats line. caller: good morning. thanks to c-span. i'm calling again to tell all israelites, blacks, jews, hispanics, that you are jews of the bible and you need to come together and try come together and back to the word of the lord. word we come back to the of the lord, we are always going to be persecuted by all these people that are here on these whites,

chinese, arabs, all those different races. they do not even apply to us. we are not even supposed be dealing with those races. host: from abc, looking at the present facing a trial. he was released today -- during early morning hours -- as prosecutors dropped the case. this was against the former president. the bbc reported that the court room erupted in cheers as the trial ended. he is currently serving a separate three-year sentence for embezzlement of public funds. that is from the bbc this morning. kathy in cairo, georgia. your next. ller: good morning. people s as though many are calling about this topic of the race issue.

i am very offended by what she said about african-americans needing to raise their children. i do agree with the other color are t the fact that there quite a few incidents where children or young adults have committed mass murders. i think that, you know, when issues in black this man children -- who shot the child may have some mental issues. the government has taken away money from so many other could have been provided. in the african american community, and maybe taboo to receive some of the services. stereotype in her mind of what our african-americans are like.

i do not predetermine what caucasians alike because of something that others do. still teach my children that all people should be treated equal. should them that they not have the prejudices against other races. the fact of the matter is that it is out there, and we have we feel that are way -- already feel that way. host: andrea in washington, d.c.. you are next. i want to say rest in mayor for life, byron brown. that parents eve should still discipline their children. world have in this

been enslaved, and i'm not ity that we e dispar have in america, because it is global. people, need to become more independent. thank you. host: the financial times this morning has a story on its look at the aking a consumers. thousands of foreign registry aflac to syria have reign fighters who flocked to syria want to create an austere islamic state past.g back to the building a o be caliphate to emulate the days of the prophet mohammed. taser transforming local economies in the area the

groups occupy. junk food vendors, especially offering stores military style apparel, are making a modest profit. you can read more in the ancial times this morning. here is abby from decatur, alabama. the independent line. caller: hello? host: hello, you are on. just have a comment young black men -- i saw a ack boy -- face -- if you have never seen it, is pretty frightening. that is my vision. little 10-year-old black girl.

it was pretty frightening. host: we go to north carolina. the democrats line. caller: good morning to you. has far too long, america been basically treating symptoms. we look at the right and all the things going on, but we to the core -- this race does -- at the end of the day, you walk away with nothing being done. when will we get to the core of the issue? when are people going to start talking about the balances, but go back to the core of the issue. it is not productive. a conversation get the real root problems. thank you so much for your time.

host: from arkansas, the republican line. be our last caller. you're on, go ahead. caller: first of all, good morning. i hope you're having a blessed day. can you hear me now? i can, go ahead. caller: okay. -- if people back into the bible their homes, a lot of our crime rate would go down. and children would learn the proper way to treat each other to love each other. that would cause all mary are in the world. not a bible thumper, but i'm just throwing at this point. to put something in that is good before we are nything good.a

has a hope everyone blessed day, and will take their bible off the shelf today. host: that is sheila from arkansas. here's the program lineup for tomorrow. will be joined by colbert king, talking about the remaining years of the obama presidency. you will hear from dan halper. then we'll take a look at what world of ing in the wages -- trend showing increases, according to reports. victoria stillwell, who covers economics, will join us for that discussion. our program start at 7:00 am tomorrow morning. we will see you then.

[captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2014] [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. visit ncicap.org] next, supreme court justices are honored by their alma mater's. yale university law school. with c-span interviews retiring members of congress. representative tom petri of wisconsin. representative frank wolf of virginia. [applause]

>> supreme court justices clarence thomas, samuel alito, sotomayor are year law school graduate. the event was part of the allies reunion weekend. it begins with robert post awards to the justices. the yale law association presents a merit to outstanding graduates. way of recognizing extraordinary alumni, who have contributions al to public services. but re a tiny school,