deeper into the ground you sequester it for long carbon storage. but the first way to get there, memory, you can't remember something long term if te-term t go into short memo memory. into the short cycle of of getting carbon back into the soil and get it further then we're starting to help the picture. to i'm being told i need my take home message is i strongly feel if we to other farmers that have done the same thing, not meat, oviding the mete farms you ng small m distribute their poop or over large lots of land,

increasing the soil's viability and helping with the you get he more plants the bigger and the more roots backhe more carbon you put in the soil. out did a wonderful project in california. of land great plots and returned dry grasslands back to viable land and they in turn that by putting one year f commercial dairy maneuver spreading it out over the field, increased by 40% their carbon return to the soil. you find the big industrial d you /* hink that the

waste is a huge problem. if it's all confined it's waste. spread out if becomes a fertilizer and a good one that kills crobes. mike so we'll continue this discussion with you if you like us later at lunch and also with the panelist from this to join us ld like and discuss this transformation agricultural and we'd love to there. >> up next the final discussion the american arenewable summit. they discuss corporate polluteers and other issues. is a little over an hour

half. >> can y'all hear me? hanging in lks for there. all morning with the exception comments about the extinction process have been the ly focusing on domesticated world. and of course it's terribly there's 7, 8, se 9 billion people that need to be food, cover,at need ater or space and everybody

buys it and we secure those the s by domesticating planet. drift back in willedughts of wild self nature. because that has to be part of we great transition too that continue to value wild self onled nature we make a place this planet for wild self willed nature as we imagine a great and of course that's the overarching theme for this morning. honor to be joined three good h thinkers. we'll start with the director of carbon war for the and and fold by randy hayes then randy will be followed by he co-founder and executive director of women's earth and climate action network. comments some prepared

and then we're going to discuss because involving you the minds in this room are more owerful than the four of us here. with that as a very brief up. oduction, ann, you're >> wonderful. to thank the gentleman doing the i.t. today am challeneged a bit i'm afraid. -- first ly about the of all, very briefly i do as always want to thank chip and sally for the invitation. they're always so gracious. [applause] forum that the was strode fairy. we are an ngo founded by richard branson. we find market driven solutions economy.carbon we have our five operations up there. going to talk to two of

them. hunt who is susan the operation hunter will be here tomorrow visiting on. i'm about to visit quite deeply on island. diversity look at bio from what we're doing in terms of conservation. doing from o we're degradation from happening. when i talk about market arriers what i'm saying when you look at shipping efficiency, the shipping owners or the owners do not pay for the fuel or pay your utility tenant or shipper. they're not motivated to give more fuel that's

efficient and energy efficient. the 6th worst and ter between germany japan. basic retrofits to a ship, a porous or theleft engine to make it more efficient of fool costs and importantly more they can stop the degradation. how do we motivate the owner of fuel or make it more energy efficient? banger that's te willing to do third party financing and that's been the work.art of the you'll see that. that way we're able to deploy capital and lower carbon work with emissions along. quickly right

you probably heard a little bit about the ten island challenge. in 2011 we realized in the arbon world that there was a lot of degradation happening. all fossil fuel. besides what you can just think of things of the negativity fossil fuel think of what it is when a ship has to come into an off this and drop fuel. we saw it as an opportunity. to first thing we did i want make sure i give it to you in -- right order we realized we started with aruba. prime e a very motivated minister. we chose rio plus 20 to announce current ll see president and former president f costa rica are doing the announcement. aruba and mike from then the troublemaker who runs

you well the unccc. taking one e were island off fossil fuel and how bout ten islands and about 2015. >> the ten island challenge was born because richard branson in.d we're so there you go. started.ow we any,identally if there are tnc and the tiffany foundation convened a half dozen heads of state in may of 2013 to any, gem o commit to addressing the energy issues on their islands. combined our ent effort and moved and determined to move forward. then determined we would only do ten islands in the caribbean. that would be our first and then we'll visit in other areas and globe ifing across the you will. we started the process on

richard's island is now 80% renewables. recently and most successfully an extra taoepb strategic alli on a creative climate in february. we brought the islands together caribbean and ceo's of businesses who are interested in work on these islands nd the development and from that we were able to lunch the ten island challenge and workify certain islands to with. the issues as i'm saying islands dependant on imported fossil fuel. ten cents a s 1 average isur but the 100,000 alone has people. three months out of the people they have a million.

just thinking about the towels and the intercontinental and the tourism and water and for thatation and just time we are only want with the 3 or 4 buffalos that are leading. and the the pioneers ones we believe are successful and everybody else will follow. it's to enhance the economic and the social and of well the environmental being. again, i'm not going to -- i i thely wanted to stress that notion of the islands is for them do this and for us to work it. you heard of other successful -- you heard of

of ine 90 just sort disappearing. what we are careful about with is to be certain that the islands are engaged proa tremendous transparent ises. we want a commercial viable completely open to competitive process and that's the most important thing o us and that's what we see is the opportunity. the services that we'll offer i think are fairly straightforward the marketing and both sort of reaching out to the they can s so understand but also hearing hat's important to them the biggest piece is the technical. what you find with a lot of don't of the they expertise. we are bringing in a team of who think about transportation planning and the et cetera, food and all the pieces and how to forward.

partnerships. we work with groups which is the consortium. existing technology. we want the islands we want to know where they want to start. we're not forcing a vision on them. we're finding out what they really want. locally driven and all very much makes sense of the these are the island where we started. i'm not going to go through any pecifics but during the q & a i'm happy to answer. our partners that were to ing with and again happy visit on any of the partnerships ppropriate and wonderful folks

from rocky mountain institute on as well.relying it notion is we can scale not just in the caribbean and a an i cross the globe in group of different islands. ith that i leave it. thank you. >> it should be apparent from comments that in this umanized world, islands are vulnerable. but they always have been. you go back to the 19 seventies, macarthur and ed wilson forth a notion the island of bio geography. places to difficult make a living. works against you. well increasing the world is

by islands. ur great forests have been extensively fragmented. could at, randy, if you speak about forests and climate transition,he great please. i when i graduated college, -- oh high skpoe started ohio and started heading west. decided to go to graduate school but it was a rather school.raduate i spent the next ten years being secretary and chauffeur to the elders. t the end of the ten years i decided to start the rain forest action network and jump into the issue big time. go out and make a

rain forest. long story short, i said, well, they invited mow to the research situation, but the plane that i was supposed to fly out there on and land on this little grass runway and try to stop the plane you hit the ocean, it take a and so i had to bus to the most remote little hitchhike on logging roads as far as that would get me and walk with one of mine, an australian, south african friend the next d walk for two days across the peninsula to rain forest and see a tropical rain forest. long story short. it was night fall and the

were going off. they're just scary sounding creatures. like they're about this tall and they're yay tall. you're out there and the sounds are going off. i had a sprained ankle and and we just stick realized we were out of food and water. we were not lost in the sense we knew what direction but we didn't know how far along the were and we were going have to to walk through all the rain forest. the iend sloshes across river we had to cross many times day gh the course of the and the night, but i didn't want to walk true the night with wet boots so i take off one of my and i'm about to take the over my and i look shoulder was standing an illegal gold miner with a raised machete.

stumbled on his illegal gold and i'm thinking oh, shit. are going on and my friend is on the other side of the river. his spanish was better than mine. can't think of a damn thing to say. he's not saying anything. and this raised machete to have in a second, and i don't know what to do so i start with my hand over here to shaking as if i'm hands and as i move it sort an nch his direction i notice his machete drops an inch. we do this dance seems like 20 of course it was probably 20 seconds. he reaches out and we shake hands. the rivercomes across and he says we're lost. he said you getter camp with me for the night. it turns into tropical paradise and that's my first forestto a tropical rain

to really visceral way to how stand that quality and we need to protect the rain forest. there are only four great for rest left on the planet. got the amazon and pacific hralaska and mighty forest and the congo. save the world's forest if we stay under the and ge temperature rise even that's a scary scenario. in the climate change circles it's often kind of defined as a fossil fuel problem, but on the study you look of the animal emissions comes from

deforesttation. but i want you to bring up we for estationdid he worldwide. are he cathedral forests part of your own evolutionary history. forest. reatures of the that's part of i think our cathedrals. hese >> the machete was a of potential violence. men have largely run the shop. hat's not been shy about

violence directed to one another and nature. largely the pattern that defined the human existence for entirely too long. imagine a vital plant that's part this have great involve a it has to larger role for women. with that, please talk to us bout what it will mean for a more peaceful and prosperous more women involved. >> thank you both and randy as well. reflect also to words randy said. forest is ion of the one of the most important things at the women's earth and climate network. that we e questions asked was what is an area that you think we can have the most that you're most interested in and protecting rain forest and the force of the

something that came up of the top three things to bring up a few points and then i have a short fix that i want to show from our recent training. two points i want to bring up, one is that the oh oat congo is the second largest rain world after the two are d the other indonesia. very important also to mention hese for rest needs to remain intact. we can't keep dividing them up. hen they are continuous for

rest they provide a huge amount carbon material and we want to make sure we protect that. the other thank that's really is that indigenous people comprise 40% of the population and 20% of the land surface. 80% of the in planet's bio diversity and 85% world's protective areas. we're also talking about so the waypeople and in to working the amazon and hese different regions is through indigenous people who are the natural custodians of the land. they have done a great job of up ecting these forests now.l the group we're working with we wonderful partner, she's

a force of nature herself. woman i love ul her so much. worked with her on a shoestring budget. this happened over the last 3 or months and amazing what we can do on very little. i wanted to share that story because this is not something highly funded but a group of of woman just deciding going to do to have the most impact we can on the with our have resources. we started out with an online webinar training who would then into the forest and work with the pig my women out some of the most difficult things in that that's what we focused on

of the ng that one things a lot of the people are facing they themselves are aving to cut down the trees from firewood because they're displaced from their original land. so much of our economy is based growth d whres economic model and they're devastating bio die swrersty and we don't that topic go into but i think it's essential that we continue to talk about the economy we had and models of economy we had and how impacting our bio diversity internationally. his is a film that they produced. it's not -- there's lots of

words misspelled and it's raw. this came to me two days ago and i just wanted to share it because i think it's good to see are the ground are doing without our influence. ahead. go thank you.

[applause] had a cancellation, but i taylor is in anne the room that might be able to topic as words on this well. ; is that correct? is suzanne with you? mic and he can grab a share some thoughts about the

initiative. i can't see because of the lights. >> he's coming. oh, very good. thank you. i hate to put you on the spot. okay. my name is suzanne taylor and i was on the the late 90s. 9/11, obviously in 2001, i had the opportunity with meet with joseph ho became the president of now the elected president and then the appointed president of the congo. leadership is what it really takes. took 29-year-old when he over the country. his father had been assassinated. after those ght events. and sally has been working in congress go deep in this live.n where they

primate the last species to be discovered. most like humans in flagship and they're a species when they lose their habitat we will lose them. the last eight to be discovered and the first ones to extinct. species only found in the congo and the ba tphoeb bows species only found in the congo and the ba tphoeb he carved this huge second lung of the world and say we're going to preserve this. was in the face of the war was just coming down and the were coming ssions up. table.ey was on the and the congo having gone

totally 5 years was broke. this was a bold decision. a great nk that it's leadership -- i'm not saying done was they've perfect but at a was the first bold environmental thing and whatsoeverdit for it and through sally's work setting where they ul model listened first and acted later, creating with them models that have gone on and book that's been written about last hat was discussed if about this great model, we lose the congo we lose a lot. in the congo works even though we don't see it and daily news your anymore, it is part of our daily breathing. >> thank you so much. [applause] >> you did well with that impromptu challenge, so thank

you. i want to go back to the film we up hed before opening this to questions and discussions and intrigued that the one in cer, the one gentleman uniform said tell our government i need to tell our said tell our government i need to tell our government to make the decision. it was said earlier this morning by the gentleman sitting here when the scientists were on the panel that i know you have to ide by some level of objectivism as a scientist but what about politics? and he made reference to the gubernatorial campaign in colorado. well, i hope you certainly understand politicians don't have to be anything less than objective. i've spent a career in the restoration of colleges. i'm a scientists. i'm also a politician.

i'm not a objective when i enter the capital building in montana. you guys don't have to be as you ight for the great transition. i promise you on all theish shies that are being considered today, the fanths are on our -- facts are on our side. so don't think that -- that elected officials some how should be let off the hook of being objective. that's not a matter to everybody. so if that is a setup, we're here. you're there. ask questions. we can discuss as we go as well. there's a question here upfront. thank you. i think she needs the mic. and surely we have more in the room, don't we? we have two.

that's good. >> thank you. i thank you all for your incredible and important work. i've been hearing, you know, throughout the course of this conversation today and yesterday illusions to the fact that we need to better value the resources that are not currently being accounted for in our economic system and i think grant is doing some work on this. it feels that that should be central to the conversation, speaking of eloquence in the room, we're talking about him in that session but why or what's it going to take for you to bring that discussion -- because it's a design question. and once we get the design right, then everything else falls into place? >> i know you spent time with senator gore when he was working o thoughts of our economic compass and how it may leading us in the right direction.

>> sure, sure. i'll be happy to. i think that's rachel sitting next to you, isn't it? hi. rachel and i were in boss wana at a conference put on by conservation international where a half does leaders of nations came together to look at justice issue of how we actually value -- how we put a financial -- put andconomic value on forests other natural resources. i think the dialogue is starting to move forward. i -- i -- a lot of it is actually -- and we were talking about it earlier in our political leadership. we're all sort of pushing ourselves from here to get to next year.nd friends but what we really need be doing

is figure out the pieces of it. from my perspective this is one of the pieces that we should actually be addressing more. i think we're at the educational stage right now. i think we're at the point right now where communities, we need to actually be educating our legislature about how to do this and figuring out how to -- how to actually move it forward because i think we have been sort of talking about. it's certainly something that we've been visiting for a long time. that's what we were trying to do in botswana then we would actually have a lot more capacity to bring it forward. >> you had some thoughts? >> yeah, the word "value" does not automatically mean financial value except in some circle. and increasingly larger and learge circles jump the financial value. do you value your beating heart?

well, yeah, you value your beating heart. that's not a financial sense of the word though. i think we have to make that distinction and be clear with our language when we're talking about financial valuation as opposed to just valuing. the chief looking horse the bad lands of his tribe and the ancestral territories. that's a spiritual value with a great consequence. it's an important arena. and payment for consistent services is another way to express the general contact in god-awful acronym. i think that it has a role. it's potential tool another sort of nool the tool shed. but it behooves people that it's getting the job done. mon tiesing nature and creating

marks around nature, hey, if it buys a lot of time and getting the job done, i can hold my nose and put up with it. it is not my favorite strategy. i say to know that really want to go that direction be clear that you've got some examples that you can show success with it. and then let's continue to explore it. but i ask a lot of people and there are a few and far between of these examples of where it's really doing heroic things to protect nature. so i'm not ready to throw it out of the toolbox but i'm suspicious around that. let's make a clear dinks between putting a price on an ecological bad as opposed to putting a price on an ecological good. e carbon market is a kind of paying for ecoservices arinne ooh of activity. and that's different than the

polluter pay principle. the polluter pay principle is really trying to employ responsibility. the free market likes freedom. but we don't want irresponsible freedom. we want responsible freedom. and the polluter pay principle to me, it's still a market mechanism. it's a market tool but it's one the carbon tax is a polluter pay principle and it's a market mechanism to solve a problem. there are few of us in this room that want to throw carbon tax out the door as a tool. so let's be clear on our ditstinkses between a payment for ecosystem services which i still hold as a suspect strategy but let's continue to explore it vs. the polluter payment principle which is a very powerful strategy that we can employ and we know how to. >> anything else?

>> we have two or three minutes of a question or two and i see a hand. >> i'm sorry. >> salley cox is here. she just has, you know, altitude sickness. if you want to see her around, you'll see her. she did make it from d.c. up. ere was a hand there's a hand over there. >> you have a hard time. ok. we've got a mic, thank you, go ahead. my question is is -- what are dwhash can we do as individuals to help this problem and do you think that animals can adapt how they've adapted in eating the farmland blow instead of living in the jungle? and what can we do as

individuals to help this problem? >> would you like to take a run at that good question? >> i think that's a great question. and i think one of the most important things especially for young people is around education and to really learn how our earth works and what the animals need, what the plants need to learn about the ecosystem and the cycles of the water, the cycles of the ocean and have anna really intimate time with nature and to learn from nature. first and most important thing that we can all do because it's really hard to tell what a solution is when you don't really know what you're talking about. and i think that's one of the most important things that many of us need to take more time in nature to understand the cycles of nature to understand the science. i think this conference is a really good way to get educated. i really am an advocate for school system having a lot more education programs in college. there's so many answers to your

wonderful question but it's hard to care for things that we don't know anything about. what we're really missing many times is that love and care for the natural world because we're not connected to it, not in our modern day world. over half the world's population lives in an urban environment. i think one of the things we can do very personally is to get educated. right now people know there are some statistics that you can ask children or adults about all the different commercial products and you just show them the icon or the low go from a commercial product and they know what it is. but if you ask them to go toupt front door whether you're in the country or the city and ask them to identify 10 animal species, they can't do. -- they can't do it. so i think there's a lot to offer in edge cafplgse >> i would -- offer in education. >> the sign reads "please end"

so i will end. no, some species will not adapt. some species will disappear forever. it's not a bright future for most species unless we add very uickly very certainly now. hank you, folks. [applause] [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy.visit ncicap.org] >> ok. the remaining elephant in the room is our final panel between now and lunch. and the organizers of this conference hrks in fact, don't want to avoid the elephants in the room and so set up this explicit panel on the subject.

we've heard illusions to a couple of the elephants in the room in some of the earl crer panels. one was addressed around lifestyle choices through our diet and consumerism in that sense what kind of food do we consume and what are the ecological ramification and the climate change ramification those food choices and they are of great consequence but there are other consumer issues. and while -- please, please, come up. and our own sally reigny is panel. commandeer this and i'm going to turn this conference to her as people get miced up. salley? >> i think that this is probably one of the most important conversations that we're having during this conference, the

reason being is that both excessive consumption in population can undo everything that you've heard about thus far and will hear about. and these two subjects are often not addressed because they're sensitive, they're touchy. populations being more so than consumption but both of them because they fly in the face of the status quo and also some really serious idologies that are prevailing -- ideologies that are prevailing in the world today. i want to briefly introduce and i mean briefly because in your program, everybody's bio but lester brown, you know who he is. so i'm not going to -- policy institute. but i will say lester is

probably the mind, the one mind on the planet who has been oking at climate change, sustainability, the vital signs of the planet from a comprehensive viewpoint perspective for decades and he's written over 55 books. the new one which is coming out in october, november, it's called "the great transition" actually. mark ezaroff is a pioneer iner ecofashion -- in ecofashion which is driving fashion forward and co-founder of the institute of integrative nutrition and i am enlightened creations. she's on the board of the trade association, fair trade u.s.a. and she has received a plethora

of awards including right here in aspen from the aspen institute the henry crown fellowship. marilyn pam she has a variety of credentials really applied to this conversation today is she was the c.e.o. of aveda. she was president of reebok apparel and retail group and vice president of nike. and she was awarded the reebok human rights award from 2004 and 2008 and she also as you learned the other day she was advisor to the bhutanese government from their transition from royalty to parliamentary system. eric snow is the founder and c.e.o. of medibrand. he pioneered the usda organic

stamp soda, ice tea energy drink markets in this country. he also received the socially responsible business award from the natural products industry in 2007. and he's also the husband of marcy. so with that we'll start. i -- i've got to get mic'ed here. a as we -- you know, this is huge conversation, population and consumption. i'd like to start and what happened in the last -- or what was -- the discussion was in the last conversation about forests and impacts on forests extend beyond that locality because a

lot of those products from around the world are for the rest of us. and i want to give you some statistics just to set the stage here. and before i do that also there is -- there are two groups of thoughts around these two subjects, one is that population is the number one issue that we have to address if we're going to be sustainable. there's another theory that overconsumption is the number one issue. so keep that in mind as we go through this panel. so the world's richest 7% are responsible for 50% of all the co2. the ecological footprint of an you need ow much land for food, water, clothing, the

essentials for one american is 9.5 hexars. way omeone in africa it is under a hexar. what's happening in their country particularly the rich ountries one america's emissions equals four chinese. 0 people from india, 250 ethiopians. and the intergenerational legacy on america -- and i'm choosing america because we're the number one. we really are the number one consumers. the intergenerational legacy is -- i just read a study the other

ay is that down the line a child born today in america will have seven times the carbon footprint that an american has right now. so obviously this gets into a lot of different perspectives on what we're doing. trillions of dollars between 1900. that was about $1.2 trillion consumed. 1928 it was 24 trillion and since then it's almost doubled. so with that i'm going to start with lester because i asked lester to give us the profile of population and how that relates o consumption.

>> can you hear me? >> keep talking. >> no. ove it up. --?s it ok now in what i thought it would do is use the food economy to compare population growth and rising ainfluence. it's sort of the simple model but it gives us a sense. the world's population is growing by 80 billion a year. that means there will be 216,000 people at the dinner table tonight who are not there last night. so this is a very substantial -- it's a couple of stadiums full of people we're adding each day an we've been doing it for not just years but decades now.

so it begins to put pressure on water resources or forests as we were discussing earlier, land resources. the growth of the population the 1.1 per center each year is the $80 million. but we also have rising and with the average person i would use the grain recurrence ladder. this measures animal protein. the average person in india consumes about 400 pounds of grain per year. it's about a pound a day. in this country we consume about

1600 pounds of grain per year per person, four times as much. on that 1600 pounds, we consume ybe 150 pounds directly as breakfast searle. the great bulk of that will be consumed indirectly in the form of animal protein. the problem with that is to get another pound takes about seven pounds of grain. to get another pound of growth in the -- takes about three pounds of grain. chickens closer to two pounds of grain per pound of live weight so they're depending on which meats we con assume -- consume, which meets we choose to consume is where we are on the grain

requirements ladder. in looking at the growth in rld demand, delrg 80 million people translates to about 24 against a s of grain gobal hard vet of two billion tons of grain. we were learning on constraints to keep up with population growth and the rising ainfluence t the same time. it becomes 2%. we have seen the situation where the annual growth for grain to feed cattle, poultry has been somewhat larger in world demand from population growth. so this is kind of a historical shift that we've -- they're very

.lose we're producing -- we're using almost all the land in the world today that should be used for agriculture. and that doesn't include clearing the amazon rain forest. so we're pretty much against the limits on land. then with water -- i think water is submerging as the principle constraint on efforts to expand world food production. and then we drink four litters of water a day. but the food we consume each day takes about 2,000 litters of water to produce or 500 times as much. stated simply, we eat 500 times as much water as we drink. so how much we drink is trivial. it gets lost in the rounding. it's imbodied in the grain that we consume and the meat which is

really the big factor. so we have land not expanding anymore. we have dwrover pumping the water in many places in the world. someone refered to texas and oklahoma and the aquifer. but that's pretty small for us. we don't have much irrigated grain production in the united states. most of our grain is produced in the corn belt. and just to give you sense of how important that agriculture real estate is, the state of iowa produces more grain than canada and more soy beans than canada at the same time. this is high value real estate, very, very productive. so we -- but as a general manager, land and water are emerging as constraints. we're overpumping in china under the north china plain. in india where farmers have invested, you don't have to have

a license to dig an irrigation wells and as a result they have wells. irrigation this is serious overpumping but no one's in charge. you don't have to have a license so anyone can drill an irrigation well. but at some point, the world bank estimated that 175 million people in india are being fed with grain produced by overpumping water. you can overpump in the short run. but by definition not in the long run. and that's where we're seeing some dramatic adjustments, probably the most dramatic in the world would be the arab country, syria, iraq. those four countries have all overpumped their aquifers. they've experienced water and

have all experienced big grain. this is the first glare the world, first region where we ve seen grain production clined and as a result translated into peak grain. we've been looking at rising -- let me mention one other thing -- one is climate change. it's very difficult. we know what the effects of water shortages are. climate change is very difficult to assess. we know that a one degree rise in temperature, one degree celsius rise reduces grain yelled 17%. one degree reduces grain yield 17%. the projected rise is up to six degrees celsius. arithmetic at

through. imagine the sort of problem we're going to face if we stay of he current path in terms creasing carbon emissions so climate's a big issue. back when i was farming in the 1950's, we had fluctuations in weather. we might have a drought one year which would reduce the tomato crop but we didn't worry too much because next year things would go back to normal. today there's no norm to go back to. the whole climate system is influx and farmers can't anticipate it. this is a very difficult time to be a farmer because you just don't know how it's going to happen, how fast and when. what are the consequences of these constraints to make it more difficult to expand production is will food prices

doubled in the last decade or so? now, it doesn't reather bother us too much if world grain prices double. bread for $3. it has maybe 15 cents of wheat. we just -- we're so isolated with tall processing and markets and so forth in between. but if you look at new delhi and you go to the market each day and you buy wheat each day to ake chopati, the price of them double. we really don't feel it very much. they do. one of the consequences of this and this is my final point is we have -- i've join the center so i've been working of

the agricultural trends. we've seen the one-meal a day in low income societies. now we're seeing something beyond that in a number of countries. nigeria for example. 22% of all families now plan foodless days. it's not are we going to eat once a day. but some days we're not going to eat. the same thing is true for ethiopia, indian, bangladesh, peru. a large percentage of families 24% now ound 20 -- plan foodless days. they know they can't afford to eat every day. we should be able to eat five days a week. so we'll skip wednesday and saturday. this is new. we've not had this before where people realize they simply

cannot eat every day and it becomes part of their lifestyle. it's been so recent that we don't really have much research on the consequences of what this means particularly for young people and their physical and mental development. but it is one of the most, i think one of the most serious issues that we face today but it is not yet been recognized as such. >> thank you. thank you, lester that sort of sets the -- the ground floor here because food and water are the twreel essentials. i'm going to go to marilyn next. and i'm going to put her a little bit on the hot slot. she was c.e.o. as i said of aveda. she's also been on the board of nike and reebok as well. nike is one of the seven companies that have been tarted not to buy from because not because of their human rights

protocols or how far you come in in that direction but because coca-cola is another one but because of overconsumption, excessive consumption of various products is creating the situation that you're talking about. along with population. but as far as changes in temperature and changes in water are coming from carbon emissions. so i would like you to tell us a little bit about what you were on the inside of these companies . aveda is a little bit more conscious, i would think than nike. but if you would just tell us a little bit from the consumption side of this. >> thank you. it's a great way to start by saying i've been in the hot seat. that's great. [laughter] because i have good answers and

-- the en the leif -- relief. squonet that i had my on company and then i went to rebock . the thing i did with reebok which i could not get enacted is what salley is talking about. at reebok we were able to go back to something i'll show you in a little while on some slides i have from my own personal experience of understanding what lester was talking about, the whole consumption cycle because i come from hongcofpblg i come from understanding and seeing what it's like to have nothing or very little and then how does a person like that come to running a major international corporation responsible for a lot of the consumption that is taking place including and sally

says we're using excessive resources. and what -- we were able to do the ebok was to go through -- n down through where we >> could be done and still be relatively successful. so i guess that is a way of sayinging, it's not my fault but truly it's bigger than that, it's about understanding it's all our fault because we are

part of the consumerism that is happening right now. slides that i'll share with you if this works -- could somebody put up any slides, please? ith this first picture is of t ai po harbor in hong kong when i was a child in the 1960's. and these are fisher people mostly haka. and they live on the boats. they ate on the boats. they fished from the boats and the children took care of each other and of course they through everything that was excessive into the ocean. so they are very low impact as far as into the environment. i was in that area for several years living in the area, so i really got a direct perspective on how people lived in a

different way. also in the same area were a lot of fabric and garment factories. at the end of the processing of whatever it was there processing, the water with the dye stuff, all the water what we were doing, stone washing or garment washing all that went directly into the river and into the ocean. so it's not a perfect system. but it gave me an understanding of what happens. now several years later, maybe 15 years later in the 1980's, hong kong became much more affluent and those areas -- this is the same area -- so much of the land was refilled. they claimed reclaimed land which is they bulldozed a mountain and those people were displaced obviously and they moveed into these areas.

if you want to talk about per capita con sumples, of course, it went up. the children went to school. they were more into the system. but garment manufactures still went on. and this is where i was working and dealing with this. it went into places with china where the dye stuff still went into the river. it went to places like bangladesh where they dye and the children were working on this. so the situation didn't get better, it just got moved. it just, the affluence goes up but our demands goes up. so it nufse whole production cycles to other place where is we are polluting. t's us that we are polluting because we're demanding this. >> how do leaders determine what we produce and if they're sustainable? and that as manufactures have to

think about. and consumers values to think about. what is a way to market our products? if there's no demand there's nothing that can be made. it's ultimately us as consumer bus also responsible for their it reebok, aveda, nike how it is that they tell you what you need. so go back to the source of raw material and i'm using aveda where we went back to the amazon, to brazil and to there -- where we worked with indigenous people to go back to growing indigenous plants so that we can have what we in the western world want which is cossmicts, hair color but from plants and organically is not easy. once when runner tapping game in, rubber growing and then

synthetics became much more important. so that became -- they got displaced on that again. and then more land got clear cut for calt growing for hamburgers. so going back and working these people to reclaim some identity, to grow back indigenous class takes education, takes patience, takes money and takes fortitude for us as manufactures and you can support that whole process if you get educated at who is doing this kind of work because ultimately it's not just for them. it's for us. you also want or gaining and healthy products to put in your body and to ingest inside your body. so it's a win-win for everybody. another one is to reveal the whole supply chain. sustainability. we talk about organic being the gold standard. i want to question that. organic is not maybe the gold

standard. maybe you don't need it at all. maybe you don't need to have that second or third or fourth whatever it is you're buying. and if you do, what other options are there that because cotton is a very thirsty plant. it demands a lot of water. we grow a lot in keale -- california. where will they are saying we are having water problems. do we need cotton? can we used recycled wool? i've been working with some anufactures on recycle petro chemicals. water bo bottles to be sbheed clothing, yogurt cups. these are ways to look at the supply chain to get the foot prints. is it maybe organic may not be the gold standard. maybe we don't need it at all.

and if we do what other option doss we have? what is the source of material. and another issue for manufactures as well as for us is packaging. and a lot of times now in california where i live a lot of places enacting the fact that you cannot get a bag from the grocery store. you to bring your own back. you may think it's a small thing. my little store in my neighborhood, i asked them since this law just came into affect this year. they said how many bags have you saved? they said i'll be saving about a million and a half. if you get a bag from the store, they will sell you a paper bag for $1010 cents. can we do that without charging ourselves 10 cents. shipping and packing. is it better to buy local or

organic? is it better to buy local and inorganic? buys it something better to something from peru. it makes a big difference. we can be aware of that as well as the manufactures can be more aware of it. as a manufacture we think about that. but as consumers let's think about that too. consumerism is more really more. and that's something ve to to think about. what do we really need? there's a term that i read entitled and it's very interesting. hedonic adaptation. first we need whatever it is a day. and then we need well, that's not good enough. two and then we need one that's better afpblet then pretty soon we're replacing things just because we've been conditioned to think that new, bigger is

better. we adapt it to. and the level of satisfaction is inner peace and happiness. that comes from inside. but the more stuff we get doesn't make us unhappier. it's temporary with the happiness. scombr and that way >> and that way we're going to receive as consumerism. i said that was 2006. i was wrong. that was 2004. at that time it was probably 20,000 a year per capita g.d.p. there's a coca-cola and fanta sign. they talked to these people into putting up their signs. stores never had names before because they never knew anybody. but now -- now this came until and there's a whole level of demand for products that is

really not necessary. now, we think what do we really need? >> we need water. now we think we need soft drinks. we need whatever it is that we need drinkingwise. and the body sp only asking for water. so i just want to show this, what's happening with marketing. this is coca-cola's motto marketing at arm's reach of desire. in other words there has to be a coke for every person that they can buy within arm's reach. think about this this is the marketing concept that we are as manufactures perpetuating. it's up to you to think about do you want to buy that? and you the vote. you are the ones who decide what gets made because you have the dollars. so i was saying the first thing is reduce your consumption,

reuse what you have, and the third is recycle. some with that, thank you. -- so with that, thank you. [applause] >> couple of points that i would like to pick up on. advertising. advertising, we have 4850 shampoos in the super market, in the drugstore. do we really need that? he answer is no, we don't. i have a little place off the grid in argentina. i have two little solar panelsful we live on the property. you don't use any of this stuff. and guess what, you don't need it. you really don't need it. the other point i want to make is sustainability labeling which is something that's come up in

political discussions is -- is would people change their behavior if there was sustainbility labeling on where come the ingredients from in a product? the answer is yes. people don't want to use palm oil that's in oreos and girl scout cookies at the expense of a forest and the orangutan. so to get on the radical side of that boy cothing is one of them. the more they demand through the advertising, through the promotion of these products, the more production. the more production the more . traction almost all my clothes i get them

consignment. most of the furniture in my house is on consignment or really, really old. so we don't have to buy new. there is nothing -- enough in the world that we can recycle, recycle, recycle. the other point they want to make is i just want to share some really quick figures here because i want to get into ethical consumption. there'sy eric -- -- but luxury vs. necessity. in america we are luxury driven. and values. this gets into what our real values which they touched on in the last panel. e spend -- this is globally. we spend almost $18 billion on makeup. reproductive health care for all

omen would be $12 billion. pet food $17. -- $17 million. malnutrition about the same. perfume $15 billion. universal literalry we spend a little over $5 million. ocean cruises $15 billion. clean drinking water for all, under 10. $12 eam in europe, billion. immunizing every child less than $1 billion. and then you could do -- you could also look at this in relationship of what is the bequest value of forests and rivers. what is the intergenerational value. and there are some economics that are looking at that and it far outstrips what the value is of a tree taken the at this

moment in time to make a reproduction out of mahogany of an antique so that somebody can buy it in north carolina. so those are the kinds of things. so now ethical consumption and what is that. and what does that look like? you have been a pioneer in ecofashion. and sourcing at an organic level and promoting this and you've been very successful. lease tell us about your work. >> i like to speak irblely. it's sort of inherent on what i do. i'm not going to go too deep on the topics. i'm going to give you appear sound bite or taste on why i have committed my life and my passion to revolutionizing the fashion industry. first of all i'm a dot connector

nd i came out of organi food industry. so when i start to learn about the interconnection between food and sishe, and i started looking at the connection and impacts and in the fashion and textile words, it became unbelievably overwhelming to me that this was an industry that we could not ignore any longer. it started for me in cotton coming out with real food. when i learned that less than 3% s cotton but 25% of the most harmful insecticides are used on the cotton industry. it became clear that, you know, we had to look at a new paradigm for cot month. so in an ideal world no longer consume cotton but between bedding and bath and clothing, that's not very likely. so it's now about shifting the

paradigm of cotton and looking something.ddress they have no idea when you pull the curtain back on the cot tane industry, you have all the chemicals but also have add for mall da hide and chlorine bleaches. so when you listen to some of the earlier panels about a more sustainable solution and one that is a solution climate change that would be certified organic cotton. >> and know we have the other impacts. the global text tile industry uses about 10% of the world's carbon impact. over a trillion kilo watt hours a year are coming out of the industry. for production, finishing, you know, when you look at waret. when you look at bass.

social standards and as well, as car bon footprint. we have to create a new fashion sthri. so we started with whole foods with my economy just to connect those dows. you don't have to give up style. comfort. we leveraged the first one for target. so my mantra has been break every stigma of fashion. it's not about this or that. it's about this and that. so when we look at positive consumerism we have to look at good business and better product, ethical products. we have to vote with our dollars as consumers. and we no longer going to support the companies that are depleeth and destroying but they're actually building a better tomorrow. even the hotel strip and everyone here who travels you can see tim packet on text tiles in that industry and then using

organic cotton over can make a significant difference. we are very big on collaboration and education and inspiration and innovation. these are ways that question shift the paradigm. so educating the media about why organic and sustainable and ethical fashion matters is hugely important and a lot of pimenench this room and everyone on this planet relates to text tiles. on the planet on future generations so we have to think differently. you know, every product matters. >> and you know there is no compromise. .hat's the winning form it's about one plus one equals 11. and one of the reasons i'm here today is we have to connect the

dots. all of us are throughout trying to create a better world and a more sustainable planet and humanity and product humanity. when you look at the textile industry as one of the world, we ll can play a role in making a difference there. whether we're leveraging celebrities or what are they wearing. collaborating and co-creating with other educators so we can tell our stories together. and they are starting to shift this paradigm in fashion. one of the really encouraging things for me and i'm very optimistic is look at the next generation. i have two teenagers and they're growing up where natural foods organic foods are in their super

market. they're growing up more consciously and when i used to say the concept of the ecofashion people thought i was crazy such as an paradox cal world. and those who worlds use today e very die cot mist. - dichotomist. there's an intant gap. i've seen the fashion industry as well as the fashioniness opportunities in this institute go from this small niche concept to entire tracks dedicated to sustainable fashion and i see it because awe -- all of these designers they want to incorporate and they want to have sustainbility embiided in their design. looking at ennovation.

he higg index and there's an apparel coalition are all coming together to join forces and look at how can we measure those impacts in the supply chain? as marilyn spoke to we have to the resources we're using. whether it's cradle to cradle launching their positive project to fair trade u.s.a. or eucalyptus. it's growth e grown without water and all the bi-products we use efficiently. whether it's some of these innovative fibers that are throughout, there are many solutions and many more coming. when you look at bangladesh and hat happened in april of 2013, of course, 1,133 pool lost their lives in a single day because of

the working conditions in the fashion industry or lack there of, i should say but one of the encouraging days of consumer motivation is that this year on ril 24th, 2014, 58 countries around the world came together to start fashion revolution days that is honoring these victims and i'll end by saying that this isn't a sign of what's to come in terms of consumer engagement. we have to create the fashion industry and get people to engage all over the world to shift the paradigm and these are all kinds of websites where you can buy ecofashion. there's more being born constantly and together we can create a new reality in fashion. so that's mine. [applause]

>> no, no, i want you to go ahead. i just want to say one thing is that women in the global north command 80% of all the purchases made. so it's up to us to make the right choices or not to choose at all. eric? >> we're not going to have time for me to do it live because i've been watching the 15 minutes -- i'll just pick up where my esteemed panel members left me. used all my good statistics, all my good slides, and solutions. i'll tell you a brief reason, my story. i'm an entrepreneur. i have decided to be the change as a young kid in the world and make a difference in my life. through maybe just my very short story you can see the work that i'm trying to do to the overconsumption which i represent the beverage industry in the world. and we are probably one of the greatest overconsumers here in america. there's no need why people need

to drink 100 million bottles of soda. there's no reason. it's actually insanity. listening to all the statistics and the data and the topics that are brought up here in this panel, it almost just seems insane that this world allows us to go along. we see it in the beverage business, it's only going to change not from the people in coca-cola or pepsi that are afraid to make these decisions. it's going to change from the consumer demanding it and the retailers supporting the demand. briefly how i got into this from an authentic upbringing. i was born in a hippie organic house. we had a vegetable garden. i learned that pess tides. we were vegtary. we didn't believe in factory farming. we were raised in renewable energy ecofriendly household. my dad put three solar panels on the roof. they called the police on us. the next month he showed us how

we saved 30%. and everyone said we should do that to. how do we do it? these are belief systems instilled in me and i said some day i'm going to be in a business that makes a change in the world. i figured it could take on the coke, the pepsis and and maybe be the difference taboo there's somebody should be themselves. so when we got very do themselves. -- the britishst would be themselves. we were the first organic sort of company and we hear about the farmers and the people. passion goes back to jimmy carter and what you did, we work with native energy into thousand seven to be the very first public company in america to offset carbon emissions. because important people thought that was nuts. i had people at coca-cola i

would see a trade show say, kid, what are you doing? this makes no sense. and i would say that i can about it we can use all of our bottles until a story about carbon offsets. to tell a story about carbon offsets. i used the beverage business throughout thousands of products across his room of a story on them and my story and it is out in the world that years later -- 10 years later. we continue to tell our story of giving back and being a country citizen. susan.cience .- citizen mr. to see other young brands that are asking is how do we do it and they are learning to become a native energy type of business model organic trade. it isexciting to be here, an amazing little most and ship beings that are based on the energy that is a part of our

universe and the fact that we can set your together as balls of energy and dark about the good that we can do in the world energy, thisewable is an amazing time and we should be proud of ourselves. [applause] >> so we are over here but i want to close with a couple of things. one is that i think for americans it is just a no. number one -- just say no. number one. number two i want to give numbe oft, it is he itsr needed for the consumption that we are right now. for the usa it is five and i have roots, for the u.k. it is three and a quarter, for fred's it is three, from germany it is to what i have, for russi