the rocky mountains near my home in colorado. be you it is different down .ere at the end it's been sucked dry so we can eat baby spinach in january. but in the spring of 2014, something happened. two countries decided to work together to restore a delta. the hands of many lifted the gates on the morales dam and released a temporary pulse of water. less than 1% of the river's flow. mexico's allocated aqua into the delta to see what would happen. a river of sand became wet once again. and a fiesta ignited down the tream. locals celebrated the return of the rio.

the river party only lasted a few weeks, though. we did what any river loves would do. we floated it. by canoe, paddle boards. and eventually by foot crossing the shallows. >> i believe this is the colorado. generally the real colorado has no water in it. but as you can see, it's a pretty nice river right now. >> it looks amazing. usually this part of the river is completely dry. it's sand. it has been many years like that. on may 7, after nine, 13-hour-long paddling days -- we crossed 90 miles of the

delta and reached the sea. it was the first and only paddle board crossing of the new delta. and the first time the colorado river kissed the sea in nearly two decades. on many levels, it was a preposterous journey -- foolish, even wrong headed. >> i don't feel like i'm getting anywhere. >> the most absurd paddle board mission ever. also beautiful and symbolic. and with a relative trickle, we can bring a river back to life if we try. [ applause] >> i'll just say a couple words before we move on to bob and american rivers. there are many people who often ask me, i think it is very symbolic on the dilemma we're dealing with water and fresh water as i recently did a radio interview here and they said,

well, so the river -- colorado river doesn't reach the sea anymore. who cares? big deal if the river dries up. and i went on to give my usual answer as well. the fresh water interface with salt water, creates habitat, helps support us, i go down the list. that usually goes right over people's heads. i felt like saying, listen. what happened at the river in your back yard dried up? i think that is part of the dilemma and bob can get on to this as we often see our watersheds in our, just immediate vicinity. we don't look downstream. and all of these systems are very heavily connected. and so i think, you know, taking a paddle board mission across this delta many say it was crazy. why would you let water go down into mexico with california's record drought, etcetera. i think it is just very symbolic of what we can do. that water was less than 1% of the colorado river. it was mexico's water.

it wasn't taken from anyone else. i think there is potentially enough water in our systems if we use it wisely and with that we'll move on to bob. >> for those of you who don't know bob irvin, he is the c.e.o. of the american rivers association. he's been 30 years in the environmental field. he's a wildlife lawyer by training. he's been three years at the helm of the american rivers association and previously worked for wwf, several nature conservancy organizations, as well as the united states senate. >> thank you. it's a real pleasure to be here. this is a great event. it's especially nice to be sitting next to my friend pete mcbride. pete is truly one of the world's great film makers and photographers. he did a film for american rivers last year when we named the colorado river america's most endangered river. it's the film called "i am red." it's won numerous awards. if you haven't seen it i

encourage you to go to his webie -- his website and watch it or american rivers.org and watch it. it'll bring tears to your eyes. it is that powerful. american rivers is a national conservation river advocacy organization. we were actually founded in denver in 1973. i believe sally was there at the creation. she worked for the wilderness society where the meeting was held. i've done the math. she must have been about 12 years old the youngest employee of the wilderness society. but it's always nice to be back home in colorado. as i said, we named the colorado river the most endangered river last year. this year we named thee tributaries of the colorado. the upper colorado, white river, and hilla river on our america's most endangered rivers list. this year we named the san joaquin in california as america's most endangered river. we did that not because of the drought. the drought is just a symptom

of decades of mismanagement of a river that literally is running dry. so each year we try to focus attention on rivers under threat and rivers where things can be done now to actually bring them back. and we really are facing a crisis for rivers and for fresh water around the world and here in the united states. just last weekend, people in toledo, ohio were told for two days they could not use water for any purpose. katy russo is one of our staff members who is based in toledo, ohio. she and her family were directly affected by this. she has written a blog on our website. and you'll recall a few months ago charleston, west virginia had a similar water ban when there was a spill of toxic chemicals into the river. we have mistreated our rivers throughout our history and continue to do so in many ways. climate change is affecting this. in toledo the reason the ban went into effect was because of

a toxic bloom in lake erie. that results from polluted run-off from cities and from farms. nd as we see more storms and intense storms we see more of that run off occurring and more events like this unless we take steps to address the problem of polluted run off, unless we take steps to address the problem of climate change. if we don't address climate change and our rivers, we're really missing the boat. no pun intended. because the fact is that our rivers are one of our best defenses against climate change. they provide critical linkage for wild lifey to move in response to a change in climate. so addressing our rivers, restoring our rivers to their natural state, is critical. but we're doing all of this in

a climate of political paralysis as you've heard a lot about today and yesterday as well. the fact is that even though we have a crisis for our rivers, a crisis for fresh water, we seem to lack the political will to do something about it. right now the u.s. environmental protection agency and the corps of engineers are working together to finalize a rule that will restore clean water act protection to virtually all waters of the united states, particularly head waters, streams, and wetlands. this is something that is desperately needed. it is needed because we have to correct another bad supreme court ruling of a few years ago. we need to get this protection back. it is being opposed every step of the way by the oil and gas industry, by home builders, the farm bureau, by the politicians they've spent good money for. unless the american citizens stand up and comment on this

rule, tell the e.p.a. and the corps of engineers we support this and we want to see all waters protected, this rule will be in trouble. so that's critical as well. there are a lot of challenges ahead. i want to share a couple reasons for hope. pete's film is an eloquent reason for hope. what he said a few moments ago, if we have enough sense these rivers, we can bring these rivers back without a tremendous amount of effort in many cases. i've seen that as i travel around the country. just a couple weeks ago, i was in peterson, virginia on the appomattox river where my organization has worked with the fish and wildlife service and the virginia fish and game agency to take out a hundred-year-old dam on the appomattox river. as soon as the first breach was in that dam the small, insignificant breach that was allowing the water to flow over it, there were baby american eels literally ready to switch

water. one trickle of if you want to see it go to american rivers facebook page, the video there. it's amazing. three years ago when i became president of american rivers i went out to the elwa river in washington state on the olympic peninsula where we had been working with partners and with the federal agencies to take out two large dams on the elwa river and restore 70 miles of a 75 mile river for salmon habitat. this is a river that had been for ed for a hundred years salmon to go upstream and spawn beyond that lower five miles. as i stood on top of the dam that day, before all the ceremonies commemorating the event took place and before the looked down and i could see salmon literally bumping up against the concrete

of the dam just waiting, the g for us to have sense and foresight to take that dam out. now there are salmon spawning where they haven't for a hundred years. they knew where to go even though it had been that long since their ancestors had been going there. these are the things that give me hope. it tells me no matter how much we damaged our rivers the river is still there. if we have the sense and foresight to restore it and take out the dams and clean up the pollution, the river will come back with all of the life in it. our lives ppens, come back as well. i am very, very hopeful though we have many challenges ahead. thank you. >> if i speak from experience, when one drop goes into developing countries and before

we even begin implementing a program we need to have both the government and private sector, the social sector make this her to happen and work. i see people very much working, private sector and so on. where do they convene? how do we bring these sectors together to collaborate? . they convene on the river we have a great slogan. it's "rivers connect us." it's true. they connect us in so many ways. for any of these things to happen all of these different interests have to come together. in rockingham, north carolina, this little community near the south carolina border, we worked there for over 10 years with first on a federal relicensing of a big hydroelectric dam. then we worked with the community to take out an old obsolete dam. then we worked with the community to create a new blue

trail which is a paddle trail with a hundred acres of green way around it which has become an engine to revitalize this community that lost thousands of jobs when seven textile ills closed years ago. by working with the community, federal and state agencies, with partner groups in that area all of those interests have to come together to make that happen. i think it's the same in the u.s. as in the developing world, also. >> at one point the -- to give you an example of how challenging some of these working on river situations addition to the colorado compact called the law f the river written in 1922, it is the first of its kind, the first binational agreement treaty to bring water back for the environment. there are 260 rivers in the world that cross international

boundaries and this is the first time countries have worked together to bring back something not just for industry and people but for the environment, too. so it's, it can be an uphill slog but the fact that that happened in 2014 on the colorado river with our second decade of drought is i think very helpful -- very hopeful as a sign that if we want to recan restore a lot of these things. >> i think you are in a privileged role because you act as a channel basically to convey these voices through beautiful medium of the movie to the general population. how do you make sure you transform these movies and platforms into real agents of change and not just people going to see movies? >> i don't know. that's a good question. just try to -- i'm not a scientist. i don't consider myself a water expert. i'm just a concerned citizen with a camera. so i try to partner with people

like american rivers and others to get the word out. i think -- my personal opinion is we need to push the needle in the public and in order to media, we need social you know, sadly the attention span has gotten down to about a minute and a half these days but if that's the tool we have to use that's what we need to do. >> i'd like to make a commitment to you today. the reason one drop works the way we do, we don't do pure awareness programs or platforms but we strive to create fundraising platforms that generate that kind of movement and awareness. and we crated one of them. it's called one night for one drop. it basically gets billions of impressions every year when we do that. i'd like to find a way to integrate your content and make sure that through all of our platforms and anything we have available we help propel that message through the beautiful movies that you've produced. i certainly will do that. >> thank you.

an honor. >> it's amazing. thank you very much for your great work. i think we have one minute left. if there are any questions from the floor for our panelists, we have a few -- yes? >> just holler. we'll repeat it. > we can hear you. >> originally i heard about an old application of paddle wheels being located on rivers that had generated a small amount of electricity but they don't affect the rivers in any way. they take it out in a short period of time.

there are also generating facilities. aspen has been in a big fight over a hydroelectric plant that 51.4% eated by a vote of and it was sponsored by a fossil fuel billionaire named koch, who lived upstream. why the citizens of aspen would submit to -- because he spent literally millions of dollars to defeat this when it's in the best interests of aspen and the environment. but there are many facilities and i understand koch generation is legal and the grid has to accept it. is that correct? does the grid have to accept ogeneration? >> i believe they do. if i can address your point,

first of all, there are many opportunities to use existing diversions to generate hydro electricity which is of course part of the solution to climate change. and so my organization, american rivers, has worked very closely with the hydro power industry and with some people that would not normally be our allies on some legislation that passed congress this past year to actually encourage that kind of development because we see that as a good alternative to taking a wild and free flowing stream and building a new facility on it and damaging the stream in that way. as far as i think it's the capital creek project goes, i know there's been a lot of controversy here about it. american rivers was engaged in that issue through our staff based here in colorado to make sure that the process going through the federal energy regulatory commission was not circumvented. to make sure that the proper

reviews took place. it derstanding is that -- was clearly more than just one person who was opposed to this project. >> thank you. >> my point is there are plenty of ways to use the rivers that don't denigrate them at all. on the colombian river in washington where they built a series of dams, i think 30 ars ago, they were looking forward to selling electricity to the western grid, but dams are being taken out as i understand it. is that right in the columbia river are they taking dams out? >> funny you should bring that up because i cut my teeth as larbgworging on whoops litigation and it actually involved the construction of five nuclear plants in the columbia river basin. the dams were built during the

depression in the 1930's. while they certainly have done an amazing job in bringing cheap and abundant electricity to the northwest and been a real engine for economic development there, they've also done tremendous damage to the salmon runs which are pretty important in that part of the world, too. so nobody is proposing taking out all of the dams but there certainly has been a lot of discussion about taking out the four lower snake river dams which is particularly damaging to salmon that go up into idaho. >> we're getting these messages. thank you very much to both of you. thank you for your questions. i think that we saw this from local issues to global issues, water certainly is top of the agenda. thank you very much. thank you. [ applause] >> another discussion from the american renewable energy summit focuses on the environmental impacts of large scale farming. from aspen, colorado this is

half an hour. >> hi everybody. i'm -- actually we have decided to shift and not do a panel. we don't have enough time in 30 minutes for discussions so i'll make a little bit of a presentation. let me see if i can get this here. yep. there we go. i'm going to give a bit of a presentation on how do we -- how can we transform our food system to one that can truly nourish 9 billion people by 2050 while mitigating and adapting to climate change and restoring the world's ecosystem. and that's going to be the focus of my presentation. and then these two folks that are here with me, we have kate mcbride, who has a local farm here. she is going to speak to us a little bit about the beneficial role of live stock in providing nutrition for local communities. and we also have brook le van

here from sustainable settings to talk about some of the exciting things happening here on the farms. out with a presentation and then we'll shift. we would like to discuss with you all these issues a lot more especially this role of live stock in sustainability. i think we saw in that trailer some of the major problems that we're dealing with and then a lot of people see live stock as part of the solution to climate change. that is a really healthy discussion. we'd like to invite you all to have it with us over lunch. we're not going to get into the debate too much during this panel. we're not going to have a panel. so can we transform our food system? can we solve for this food, water, and climate nexus with these intersecting issues? i believe we can but we have to talk about something that makes us all very uncomfortable. that is meat. so we're in a consumption crisis right? i don't want to villainize the animals themselves and say they're inherently evil as many

maybe who advocate for plant based diets might share that perspective. they certainly play an integrated role in lots of farming systems that have been really critical to development of our agriculture over time. but we are in a consumption crisis at this point where live stock are a core driver of climate change, deforestation, fresh water and ocean water pollution, biodiversity laws causing water stress and a real threat to food security. to put this in perspective we are raising 70 billion land based animals a year that have a tremendous environmental cost. while we hear a lot about cattle which are a high carbon emitter i'd like to just point out this scale of chicken, pig, and poultry production because those animals are eating an enormous amount of grain. they take and enormous amount of land and produce an enormous amount of waste. about 70 billion animals a year that we're raising and slaughtering are -- the demand

is actually skyrocketing. by 2050 we're trying to figure out right now how to produce twice the number of animals for consumption. this is actually driven by population growth but more by rising affluence. so we wouldn't have a problem with feeding 9 billion people if everybody ate a little bit less meat and less resource intense i ever food. but because the desire of all of these countries that are onderfully joining us with rising affluence, they're wanting to have the same choices that we have to eat luxurious, high resource intensive food. so if we want to provide that, right now, the assumption is everyone should have the right to eat these resource intensive foods. everyone should have choice. and so we're ramping up animal food production to give people those choices. the problem is live stock already dominates human land use globally. about 30% of the ice free surface of this earth is covered with live stock or for food we're growing for live

stock. they occupy 75% of our agricultural land. we've got about 842 million people that are suffering from hunger and a large percentage of the calories we're growing on the land that could be fed to humans are fed to animals. we heard just about water just to put this in perspective actually got this from the oceanographic institute over here. this is all the water on the earth. that is ocean water, ice water, everything. this is the fresh water available to us and the available drinking water. 70% of the middle dot here is used by agriculture. and animal foods are way more water intense i ever than plant based foods. 32 times more fresh water to produce one calorie of beef than water. sometimes people say it's six months of six-minute showers is the water it takes to produce one hamburger. that's a lot.

i'll get a little more -- there is enormous variability there and i'll get into that a little more in the presentation. but basically already 2.5 billion people already live in areas that are subject to water stress and by 2025 it's going to be half of humanity. it's just really how -- is this really how we want to use our while we're depleting the world's water we're also are theg it. livestock largest polluteers. 404 ocean dead zones that shows the flows of all the nutrients down into the s ocean. the rate of dead zones have been doubling. it's hard to tell. there are 15,000 feed lots in the u.s. and some of them have

animals in them. this is an affluent pool draining the waste. this is in texas near amarillo is from.mother basically the pool is surrounded cow farm. okay kwa forng the it's polluting that's formally forest inow gross sew brazil. this is tend to think directly caused by cows a lot of grain will feed pigs and chickens from china. are also a major feed.em when it comes to when you have an acre of that

land in the rain forest it might have 3,000 or more species living on it and it gets cattle or feed. 30% -- it's not clicking through. diversity. that's not the case and it is the leading cause of climate and e but a major cause unregulated and ot modeling itering our ecosystems. hear a lot about climate change and it's always a joke

actually the process includes sheeps and goats and animals with multiple stomach that's digest the grass emeet this 14.5 number 40% comes from that digestive process. we need to understand the whole system and the story behind this. of tarts with the clearing land of forest and grasslands to roduce the land to graze the animals and the land to grow the field and then there's the production of the treusoxide and the my of the tpurt liesers and the waste left on the grasses of the globally.and all the way through the transportation. if you see the post farm only 3%.ation is so as much as we talk about want reduce our emissions and eat ocally this is a rolely small percentage of the whole greenhouse gas pie that is from ocal foods or from livestock,

sorry. to put this in perspective 14.5% is equivalent to the direct emissions from all of ransportation in the world combined, all boats, trains, planes, cars. that's a lot of emissions, but actually the leading source co2 emissions. nitrousoxide and methane are the leading cause. of it reduces consumption animal source foods. reduce non-co2 emissions we don't hit our targets. the only way to hit our targets non-co2 both co2 and

emissions. an incredible economically efficient opportunity. study here showed that what about took a look at what able to increase roductivity and bio gas and kp cherred those phaeutsdz thaeupb emissions and the only scenario hat enables to read our target cuts is by swapping out a significant amount of our animal ased calories with plant based calories and they modeled the tearian diet.

untouchable and we all have our nutritional ideology es and these that's are divisive. what we need to do is set our ideologies and our aside so that we can actually about this honestly huge this is a topic that i think we can talk about quite a bit later but grass-fed beef produces a lot more meth yain than gram of protein which is why the world is ramping up to produce a lot more factory farmed meat. and the scale of that production is actually really scary. meat. the scale of the production is really scary.

emissions this is aqua culture and this some is of the ask meats and see foods then you see how much ignificantly less plant based foods emit. but water is an important issue greenhouse gases and the pigs don't come out so per gram of protein that's 1.5 billion pigs a this is considered a success story. this is called sustainable intense indication. pigs will produce half a pounds of urine and day.s every

don't of the space -- if we're interested in feeding all the people who are joining us on planet we did not feed them all grass fed meat. it's not an option. when he lock at mitigation opportunities and agriculture this is a new report came out in january which modeled all the different po tensions and what came out is number one is shifting dietary trends. f we can shift our eating patterns it's the greatest potential available to us to agriculture and forestry. witching to a plant based diet

cuts it in just trying to get adequate calories to people meeting our sustainable goals is a huge challenge buzz there's a lot of room for consumption to get calories to people who need it. e it. the benefit is to individuals and society in reducing animal sourced foods going to move quickly through these. but there's problems -- there because of es to it all the enormous subsidies, all dollars and ur tax pock tote keep this machine going and keep meat so cheap we away.lly throw it we throw away a third of the calories that we produce which

that happens at the stage.ption it's enormous opportunity and probably one of the biggest in the e that's we have 21st century. and not just about individual diet. here's a whole spectrum of sew sew sitel level. ill gates lunched future of foods. so there is an enormous opportunity. food is ripe for disruption so. this isn't omething left outside the ndustry and something we can

invite industry into. and reducing meat consumption globally is an untapped pportunity for climate mitigation and choosing to eat mostly plants is an enormous way for individuals to make a difference. friends be devoted to who are doing integratable sustainable stems. very, very s important very, but we need to look at solutions on a global scale. that's a little i wantede context that to set and now i'd like to shift with someone share who has a video to share with us as some of the solutions that e's enacting right here in our local community.

applause] the time keeper? planet animals on the for a reason. we just don't know how to use work with them very well nd we lost touch with who they are and who we are and how they work in the system. is meat bad? are cows bad? bad? gs

look what we do with them. efore 1945 or so the world was organic. covered with as small scale farms but istributed network of roduction and distribution and consumption. as soon as we started shipping things all over the planet from cheapest source, we started to mess with the knew trent cycle that keeps us alive. video.a little slides. going to show my can you cue up that little short. minute.out a we've been -- we got a little here. t 35 miles from you can hear me okay? this go longer?

bent.ck is being we've got about a little gem, 240 acres south of here obviously and outside and it's really only 90 irrigated. nd about 150 wild which is an important part of it too. working at we have a and and a learning center we are building soil and we are we are grass and in ting an island of health tocks sins.

we're doing isgs trying to listen to the animals to the microkroebs to the plants and opening up oregon of as an an eption and create environment or an arena for them do best.t they need to so, let's run this video it's only a minute. nozzlehead by the way. i'm spraying. if you drive by our place, we're

spraying. we're spraying this stuff. compost and this is at 1800 magnification. the are the farmers, cultivator cultivators. these are what we need to protect. i don't have the long scientific names for these things like she i'll find out what they are and i'll make t-shirts for them and they're going to become whale or anda and to fall inse we need love with. there is life waiting for us to encourage to do the right thing again in a small cale local system of production, distribution and feed the n, we can world.

at those. they look like sharks cruising around. you run it again? them.e to see ooking at the whole situation system systemically, there isn't just one issue. gricultural isn't just stainsable. sperplt ,000-year-old but at 7 billion we're stuck with it. so we need to do the do with it. maybe we need a good pandemic. to talk about that. problem.rt of the pigs and my cows and

chickens and mike kroebs and i love all of you and can do it. thanks. applause] >> you can guys all hear me? >> yeah. > i'm kate mcbride and i come different a situation with a different hat. last year i spoke at our day and and ke about my raw dairy why i got into my raw dairy. the reason was my daughter. have a special needs doubt here has lung disease and no life system and suddenly became all about pro biotics and anti-biotics and enzyme properties and oxygen and now my my heros that 'm humbling sitting on the opposite side of the podium and and ng all of his works

various people like courtney white who wrote a book that upon me greatly, hope, and now d changed.is it's all about oxygen, yes, the raw dairy, but also to add to factor carbon. d i'm oxygen and carbon in xide and i find myself the right place i hope. think oh my gosh what should do i. ut then again maybe i should be. dairyising -- i run a raw lambs.se pigs and ornery bull ve an he becomes part of the meat.

to change t can i do the carbon situation? what can i personally do? sell all my cows. that's not going do any good because maybe they'll be they'll die and go back in the ground or they'll be somewhere else. so i started thinking about it. hat seems important to me is it's not carbon is bad, it's where is your carbon. that's how i look at it. grand i'm just a mom that tried to daughter and i found farm, raw dairy dairy farm which is doing my culous things to daughter. she's no longer in the hospital and not on house arrest. clean food.se well, going back to the cows if seemsll just because that to be a more common scenario, i started thinking about well, am i ind of nutrition giving my daughter. first of all, i had to be clean

organically raised animals and i cannot give them my chemicals because daughter can't handle it same with the pigs and sheep. cow.arted looking at beef it gives you about a thousand pounds of meat. you 300,000 ives ounds of my protein in their lifetime. and i think there's two ituations here. one if you look at the big farm, industrial a ms, that's what is causing lot of your statements that come, say, oh, we should reduce in our diet. because most people don't have the opportunity to raise small and have small farms. of, hey, if you put hay on the field and it's eaten by a cow and comes out methane gas that's going to be producing the eaten by t as if it's a rabbit as if it's left in the

rot.d to i feel that the best process is these farms to small ranches because the small do is they t they cow to viable for the survive and then the milk or the et cetera it's all very clean. of the on't take care animal you can't return the cycle full saoeurbgl. again. start if you don't take care of what the animal is eating that brings us down to the grass. don't take care of the rass, then we're all going to find ourselves with emissions that are produced by cards. into hing -- it just goes the atmosphere. so if we look at other ways to from the air bon back in the soil, one of the you can come ngs or rabbit eats

grasses this is a root shoot ratio. they eat a grass the root, is shorter. all the carbons that comes from they take the carbon ioxide and turn it into liquid carbon and then an animal eats of nd knocks off their part their roots and becomes in the my kroebs and the you return carbon to the soil. deeper into the ground you sequester it for long carbon storage. but the first way to get there, memory, you can't remember something long term if te-term t go into short

memo memory. into the short cycle of of getting carbon back into the soil and get it further then we're starting to help the picture. to i'm being told i need my take home message is i strongly feel if we to other farmers that have done the same thing, not meat, oviding the mete farms you ng small m distribute their poop or over large lots of land, increasing the soil's viability and helping with the you get he more plants the bigger and the more roots backhe more carbon you put in the soil. out did a wonderful project

in california. of land great plots and returned dry grasslands back to viable land and they in turn that by putting one year f commercial dairy maneuver spreading it out over the field, increased by 40% their carbon return to the soil. you find the big industrial d you /* hink that the waste is a huge problem. if it's all confined it's waste. spread out if becomes a fertilizer and a good one that kills crobes. mike

so we'll continue this discussion with you if you like us later at lunch and also with the panelist from this to join us ld like and discuss this transformation agricultural and we'd love to see you >> up next the final discussion from the american renewable energy summit in aspeb, colorado. speakers discuss biodiversity, corporate polluters and other issues. this is a little over an hour-1/2. hour half. >> can y'all hear me?

hanging in lks for there. all morning with the exception comments about the extinction process have been the ly focusing on domesticated world. and of course it's terribly there's 7, 8, se 9 billion people that need to be food, cover,at need ater or space and everybody buys it and we secure those the s by domesticating planet. drift back in willedughts of wild self nature. because that has to be part of we great transition too that

continue to value wild self onled nature we make a place this planet for wild self willed nature as we imagine a great and of course that's the overarching theme for this morning. honor to be joined three good h thinkers. we'll start with the director of carbon war for the and and fold by randy hayes then randy will be followed by he co-founder and executive director of women's earth and climate action network. comments some prepared and then we're going to discuss because involving you the minds in this room are more owerful than the four of us here. with that as a very brief up. oduction, ann, you're >> wonderful. to thank the

gentleman doing the i.t. today am challeneged a bit i'm afraid. -- first ly about the of all, very briefly i do as always want to thank chip and sally for the invitation. they're always so gracious. [applause] forum that the was strode fairy. we are an ngo founded by richard branson. we find market driven solutions economy.carbon we have our five operations up there. going to talk to two of them. hunt who is susan the operation hunter will be here tomorrow visiting on. i'm about to visit quite deeply on island.

diversity look at bio from what we're doing in terms of conservation. doing from o we're degradation from happening. when i talk about market arriers what i'm saying when you look at shipping efficiency, the shipping owners or the owners do not pay for the fuel or pay your utility tenant or shipper. they're not motivated to give more fuel that's efficient and energy efficient. the 6th worst and ter between germany japan. basic retrofits to a ship, a porous or theleft engine to make it more efficient

of fool costs and importantly more they can stop the degradation. how do we motivate the owner of fuel or make it more energy efficient? banger that's te willing to do third party financing and that's been the work.art of the you'll see that. that way we're able to deploy capital and lower carbon work with emissions along. quickly right you probably heard a little bit about the ten island challenge. in 2011 we realized in the arbon world that there was a lot of degradation happening. all fossil fuel. besides what you can just think

of things of the negativity fossil fuel think of what it is when a ship has to come into an off this and drop fuel. we saw it as an opportunity. to first thing we did i want make sure i give it to you in -- right order we realized we started with aruba. prime e a very motivated minister. we chose rio plus 20 to announce current ll see president and former president f costa rica are doing the announcement. aruba and mike from then the troublemaker who runs you well the unccc. taking one e were island off fossil fuel and how bout ten islands and about 2015. >> the ten island challenge was born because richard branson in.d we're so there you go.

started.ow we any,identally if there are tnc and the tiffany foundation convened a half dozen heads of state in may of 2013 to any, gem o commit to addressing the energy issues on their islands. combined our ent effort and moved and determined to move forward. then determined we would only do ten islands in the caribbean. that would be our first and then we'll visit in other areas and globe ifing across the you will. we started the process on richard's island is now 80% renewables. recently and most successfully an extra taoepb strategic alli on a creative

climate in february. we brought the islands together caribbean and ceo's of businesses who are interested in work on these islands nd the development and from that we were able to lunch the ten island challenge and workify certain islands to with. the issues as i'm saying islands dependant on imported fossil fuel. ten cents a s 1 average isur but the 100,000 alone has people. three months out of the people they have a million. just thinking about the towels and the intercontinental and the tourism and water and for thatation and just time we are only want

to work with the 3 or 4 buffalos that are leading. and the the pioneers ones we believe are successful and everybody else will follow. it's to enhance the economic and the social and of well the environmental being. again, i'm not going to -- i i thely wanted to stress that notion of the islands is for them do this and for us to work it. you heard of other successful -- you heard of of ine 90 just sort disappearing. what we are careful about with is to be certain that the islands are engaged proa tremendous transparent ises. we want a commercial viable completely open to competitive process and

that's the most important thing o us and that's what we see is the opportunity. the services that we'll offer i think are fairly straightforward the marketing and both sort of reaching out to the they can s so understand but also hearing hat's important to them the biggest piece is the technical. what you find with a lot of don't of the they expertise. we are bringing in a team of who think about transportation planning and the et cetera, food and all the pieces and how to forward. partnerships. we work with groups which is the

consortium. existing technology. we want the islands we want to know where they want to start. we're not forcing a vision on them. we're finding out what they really want. locally driven and all very much makes sense of the these are the island where we started. i'm not going to go through any pecifics but during the q & a i'm happy to answer. our partners that were to ing with and again happy visit on any of the partnerships ppropriate and wonderful folks from rocky mountain institute on as well.relying it notion is we can scale not just in the caribbean and

a an i cross the globe in group of different islands. ith that i leave it. thank you. >> it should be apparent from comments that in this umanized world, islands are vulnerable. but they always have been. you go back to the 19 seventies, macarthur and ed wilson forth a notion the island of bio geography. places to difficult make a living. works against you. well increasing the world is by islands. ur great forests have been extensively fragmented. could at, randy, if you speak about forests and climate transition,he great

please. i when i graduated college, -- oh high skpoe started ohio and started heading west. decided to go to graduate school but it was a rather school.raduate i spent the next ten years being secretary and chauffeur to the elders. t the end of the ten years i decided to start the rain forest action network and jump into the issue big time. go out and make a rain forest. long story short, i said, well, they invited mow to the research situation, but the plane that i

was supposed to fly out there on and land on this little grass runway and try to stop the plane you hit the ocean, it take a and so i had to bus to the most remote little hitchhike on logging roads as far as that would get me and walk with one of mine, an australian, south african friend the next d walk for two days across the peninsula to rain forest and see a tropical rain forest. long story short. it was night fall and the were going off. they're just scary sounding creatures. like they're about this tall and they're yay tall. you're out there and the sounds are going off. i had a sprained ankle and and we just stick realized we were out of food and

water. we were not lost in the sense we knew what direction but we didn't know how far along the were and we were going have to to walk through all the rain forest. the iend sloshes across river we had to cross many times day gh the course of the and the night, but i didn't want to walk true the night with wet boots so i take off one of my and i'm about to take the over my and i look shoulder was standing an illegal gold miner with a raised machete. stumbled on his illegal gold and i'm thinking oh, shit. are going on and my friend is on the other side of the river. his spanish was better than mine. can't think of a damn thing to

say. he's not saying anything. and this raised machete to have in a second, and i don't know what to do so i start with my hand over here to shaking as if i'm hands and as i move it sort an nch his direction i notice his machete drops an inch. we do this dance seems like 20 of course it was probably 20 seconds. he reaches out and we shake hands. the rivercomes across and he says we're lost. he said you getter camp with me for the night. it turns into tropical paradise and that's my first forestto a tropical rain to really visceral way to how stand that quality and we need to protect the rain forest. there are only four great for rest left on the planet. got the amazon and pacific

hralaska and mighty forest and the congo. save the world's forest if we stay under the and ge temperature rise even that's a scary scenario. in the climate change circles it's often kind of defined as a fossil fuel problem, but on the study you look of the animal emissions comes from deforesttation. but i want you to bring up we for estationdid he

worldwide. are he cathedral forests part of your own evolutionary history. forest. reatures of the that's part of i think our cathedrals. hese >> the machete was a of potential violence. men have largely run the shop. hat's not been shy about violence directed to one another and nature. largely the pattern that defined the human existence for entirely too long. imagine a vital plant that's part this have great involve a it has to

larger role for women. with that, please talk to us bout what it will mean for a more peaceful and prosperous more women involved. >> thank you both and randy as well. reflect also to words randy said. forest is ion of the one of the most important things at the women's earth and climate network. that we e questions asked was what is an area that you think we can have the most that you're most interested in and protecting rain forest and the force of the something that came up of the top three things

to bring up a few points and then i have a short fix that i want to show from our recent training. two points i want to bring up, one is that the oh oat congo is the second largest rain world after the two are d the other indonesia. very important also to mention hese for rest needs to remain intact. we can't keep dividing them up. hen they are continuous for rest they provide a huge amount carbon material and we want to make sure we protect that. the other thank that's really is that indigenous

people comprise 40% of the population and 20% of the land surface. 80% of the in planet's bio diversity and 85% world's protective areas. we're also talking about so the waypeople and in to working the amazon and hese different regions is through indigenous people who are the natural custodians of the land. they have done a great job of up ecting these forests now.l the group we're working with we wonderful partner, she's a force of nature herself. woman i love ul her so much. worked with her on a shoestring budget. this happened over the last 3 or

months and amazing what we can do on very little. i wanted to share that story because this is not something highly funded but a group of of woman just deciding going to do to have the most impact we can on the with our have resources. we started out with an online webinar training who would then into the forest and work with the pig my women out some of the most difficult things in that that's what we focused on of the ng that one things a lot of the people are facing they themselves are aving to cut down the trees from firewood because they're displaced from their original

land. so much of our economy is based growth d whres economic model and they're devastating bio die swrersty and we don't that topic go into but i think it's essential that we continue to talk about the economy we had and models of economy we had and how impacting our bio diversity internationally. his is a film that they produced. it's not -- there's lots of words misspelled and it's raw. this came to me two days ago and i just wanted to share it because i think it's good to see are the ground are doing without our influence. ahead. go thank you.

[applause] had a cancellation, but i taylor is in anne the room that might be able to topic as words on this well. ; is that correct? is suzanne with you? mic and he can grab a share some thoughts about the initiative. i can't see because of the lights. >> he's coming. oh, very good. thank you. i hate to put you on the spot. okay. my name is

suzanne taylor and i was on the the late 90s. 9/11, obviously in 2001, i had the opportunity with meet with joseph ho became the president of now the elected president and then the appointed president of the congo. leadership is what it really takes. took 29-year-old when he over the country. his father had been assassinated. after those ght events. and sally has been working in congress go deep in this live.n where they primate the last species to be discovered. most like humans in flagship and they're a

species when they lose their habitat we will lose them. the last eight to be discovered and the first ones to extinct. species only found in the congo and the ba tphoeb bows species only found in the congo and the ba tphoeb he carved this huge second lung of the world and say we're going to preserve this. was in the face of the war was just coming down and the were coming ssions up. table.ey was on the and the congo having gone totally 5 years was broke. this was a bold decision. a great nk that it's leadership -- i'm not saying done was they've perfect but at a was the first bold environmental thing and whatsoeverdit for it and through sally's work setting

where they ul model listened first and acted later, creating with them models that have gone on and book that's been written about last hat was discussed if about this great model, we lose the congo we lose a lot. in the congo works even though we don't see it and daily news your anymore, it is part of our daily breathing. >> thank you so much. [applause] >> you did well with that impromptu challenge, so thank you. i want to go back to the film we up hed before opening this to questions and discussions and intrigued that the one in cer, the one gentleman uniform said tell our government

i need to tell our said tell our government i need to tell our government to make the decision. it was said earlier this morning by the gentleman sitting here when the scientists were on the panel that i know you have to ide by some level of objectivism as a scientist but what about politics? and he made reference to the gubernatorial campaign in colorado. well, i hope you certainly understand politicians don't have to be anything less than objective. i've spent a career in the restoration of colleges. i'm a scientists. i'm also a politician. i'm not a objective when i enter the capital building in montana. you guys don't have to be as you ight for the great transition. i promise you on all theish

shies that are being considered today, the fanths are on our -- facts are on our side. so don't think that -- that elected officials some how should be let off the hook of being objective. that's not a matter to everybody. so if that is a setup, we're here. you're there. ask questions. we can discuss as we go as well. there's a question here upfront. thank you. i think she needs the mic. and surely we have more in the room, don't we? we have two. that's good. >> thank you. i thank you all for your incredible and important work. i've been hearing, you know, throughout the course of this conversation today and yesterday illusions to the fact that we need to better value the resources that are not currently

being accounted for in our economic system and i think grant is doing some work on this. it feels that that should be central to the conversation, speaking of eloquence in the room, we're talking about him in that session but why or what's it going to take for you to bring that discussion -- because it's a design question. and once we get the design right, then everything else falls into place? >> i know you spent time with senator gore when he was working o thoughts of our economic compass and how it may leading us in the right direction. >> sure, sure. i'll be happy to. i think that's rachel sitting next to you, isn't it? hi. rachel and i were in boss wana at a conference put on by conservation international where

a half does leaders of nations came together to look at justice issue of how we actually value -- how we put a financial -- put andconomic value on forests other natural resources. i think the dialogue is starting to move forward. i -- i -- a lot of it is actually -- and we were talking about it earlier in our political leadership. we're all sort of pushing ourselves from here to get to next year.nd friends but what we really need be doing is figure out the pieces of it. from my perspective this is one of the pieces that we should actually be addressing more. i think we're at the educational stage right now. i think we're at the point right now where communities, we need to actually be educating our

legislature about how to do this and figuring out how to -- how to actually move it forward because i think we have been sort of talking about. it's certainly something that we've been visiting for a long time. that's what we were trying to do in botswana then we would actually have a lot more capacity to bring it forward. >> you had some thoughts? >> yeah, the word "value" does not automatically mean financial value except in some circle. and increasingly larger and learge circles jump the financial value. do you value your beating heart? well, yeah, you value your beating heart. that's not a financial sense of the word though. i think we have to make that distinction and be clear with our language when we're talking about financial valuation as

opposed to just valuing. the chief looking horse the bad lands of his tribe and the ancestral territories. that's a spiritual value with a great consequence. it's an important arena. and payment for consistent services is another way to express the general contact in god-awful acronym. i think that it has a role. it's potential tool another sort of nool the tool shed. but it behooves people that it's getting the job done. mon tiesing nature and creating marks around nature, hey, if it buys a lot of time and getting the job done, i can hold my nose and put up with it. it is not my favorite strategy. i say to know that really want to go that direction be clear that you've got some examples that you can show success with

it. and then let's continue to explore it. but i ask a lot of people and there are a few and far between of these examples of where it's really doing heroic things to protect nature. so i'm not ready to throw it out of the toolbox but i'm suspicious around that. let's make a clear dinks between putting a price on an ecological bad as opposed to putting a price on an ecological good. e carbon market is a kind of paying for ecoservices arinne ooh of activity. and that's different than the polluter pay principle. the polluter pay principle is really trying to employ responsibility. the free market likes freedom. but we don't want irresponsible freedom. we want responsible freedom.

and the polluter pay principle to me, it's still a market mechanism. it's a market tool but it's one the carbon tax is a polluter pay principle and it's a market mechanism to solve a problem. there are few of us in this room that want to throw carbon tax out the door as a tool. so let's be clear on our ditstinkses between a payment for ecosystem services which i still hold as a suspect strategy but let's continue to explore it vs. the polluter payment principle which is a very powerful strategy that we can employ and we know how to. >> anything else? >> we have two or three minutes of a question or two and i see a hand. >> i'm sorry. >> salley cox is here. she just has, you know, altitude sickness. if you want to see her around, you'll see her. she did make it from d.c.

up. ere was a hand there's a hand over there. >> you have a hard time. ok. we've got a mic, thank you, go ahead. my question is is -- what are dwhash can we do as individuals to help this problem and do you think that animals can adapt how they've adapted in eating the farmland blow instead of living in the jungle? and what can we do as individuals to help this problem? >> would you like to take a run at that good question? >> i think that's a great question. and i think one of the most important things especially for young people is around education and to really learn how our earth works and what the animals need, what the plants need to learn about the ecosystem and

the cycles of the water, the cycles of the ocean and have anna really intimate time with nature and to learn from nature. first and most important thing that we can all do because it's really hard to tell what a solution is when you don't really know what you're talking about. and i think that's one of the most important things that many of us need to take more time in nature to understand the cycles of nature to understand the science. i think this conference is a really good way to get educated. i really am an advocate for school system having a lot more education programs in college. there's so many answers to your wonderful question but it's hard to care for things that we don't know anything about. what we're really missing many times is that love and care for the natural world because we're not connected to it, not in our modern day world. over half the world's population lives in an urban environment. i think one of the things we can

do very personally is to get educated. right now people know there are some statistics that you can ask children or adults about all the different commercial products and you just show them the icon or the low go from a commercial product and they know what it is. but if you ask them to go toupt front door whether you're in the country or the city and ask them to identify 10 animal species, they can't do. -- they can't do it. so i think there's a lot to offer in edge cafplgse >> i would -- offer in education. >> the sign reads "please end" so i will end. no, some species will not adapt. some species will disappear forever. it's not a bright future for most species unless we add very uickly very certainly now.

hank you, folks. [applause] [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy.visit ncicap.org] >> ok. the remaining elephant in the room is our final panel between now and lunch. and the organizers of this conference hrks in fact, don't want to avoid the elephants in the room and so set up this explicit panel on the subject. we've heard illusions to a couple of the elephants in the room in some of the earl crer panels. one was addressed around lifestyle choices through our diet and consumerism in that sense what kind of food do we

consume and what are the ecological ramification and the climate change ramification those food choices and they are of great consequence but there are other consumer issues. and while -- please, please, come up. and our own sally reigny is panel. commandeer this and i'm going to turn this conference to her as people get miced up. salley? >> i think that this is probably one of the most important conversations that we're having during this conference, the reason being is that both excessive consumption in population can undo everything that you've heard about thus far and will hear about. and these two subjects are often

not addressed because they're sensitive, they're touchy. populations being more so than consumption but both of them because they fly in the face of the status quo and also some really serious idologies that are prevailing -- ideologies that are prevailing in the world today. i want to briefly introduce and i mean briefly because in your program, everybody's bio but lester brown, you know who he is. so i'm not going to -- policy institute. but i will say lester is probably the mind, the one mind on the planet who has been oking at climate change, sustainability, the vital signs of the planet from a comprehensive viewpoint

perspective for decades and he's written over 55 books. the new one which is coming out in october, november, it's called "the great transition" actually. mark ezaroff is a pioneer iner ecofashion -- in ecofashion which is driving fashion forward and co-founder of the institute of integrative nutrition and i am enlightened creations. she's on the board of the trade association, fair trade u.s.a. and she has received a plethora of awards including right here in aspen from the aspen institute the henry crown fellowship. marilyn pam she has a variety of credentials really applied to

this conversation today is she was the c.e.o. of aveda. she was president of reebok apparel and retail group and vice president of nike. and she was awarded the reebok human rights award from 2004 and 2008 and she also as you learned the other day she was advisor to the bhutanese government from their transition from royalty to parliamentary system. eric snow is the founder and c.e.o. of medibrand. he pioneered the usda organic stamp soda, ice tea energy drink markets in this country. he also received the socially responsible business award from the natural products industry in 2007. and he's also the husband of

marcy. so with that we'll start. i -- i've got to get mic'ed here. a as we -- you know, this is huge conversation, population and consumption. i'd like to start and what happened in the last -- or what was -- the discussion was in the last conversation about forests and impacts on forests extend beyond that locality because a lot of those products from around the world are for the rest of us. and i want to give you some statistics just to set the stage here. and before i do that also there is -- there are two groups of

thoughts around these two subjects, one is that population is the number one issue that we have to address if we're going to be sustainable. there's another theory that overconsumption is the number one issue. so keep that in mind as we go through this panel. so the world's richest 7% are responsible for 50% of all the co2. the ecological footprint of an you need ow much land for food, water, clothing, the essentials for one american is 9.5 hexars. way omeone in africa it is under a hexar.

what's happening in their country particularly the rich ountries one america's emissions equals four chinese. 0 people from india, 250 ethiopians. and the intergenerational legacy on america -- and i'm choosing america because we're the number one. we really are the number one consumers. the intergenerational legacy is -- i just read a study the other ay is that down the line a child born today in america will have seven times the carbon footprint that an american has right now.

so obviously this gets into a lot of different perspectives on what we're doing. trillions of dollars between 1900. that was about $1.2 trillion consumed. 1928 it was 24 trillion and since then it's almost doubled. so with that i'm going to start with lester because i asked lester to give us the profile of population and how that relates o consumption. >> can you hear me? >> keep talking. >> no. ove it up.

--?s it ok now in what i thought it would do is use the food economy to compare population growth and rising ainfluence. it's sort of the simple model but it gives us a sense. the world's population is growing by 80 billion a year. that means there will be 216,000 people at the dinner table tonight who are not there last night. so this is a very substantial -- it's a couple of stadiums full of people we're adding each day an we've been doing it for not just years but decades now. so it begins to put pressure on water resources or forests as we were discussing earlier, land resources. the growth of the population the 1.1 per center each year is the

$80 million. but we also have rising and with the average person i would use the grain recurrence ladder. this measures animal protein. the average person in india consumes about 400 pounds of grain per year. it's about a pound a day. in this country we consume about 1600 pounds of grain per year per person, four times as much. on that 1600 pounds, we consume ybe 150 pounds directly as breakfast searle.

the great bulk of that will be consumed indirectly in the form of animal protein. the problem with that is to get another pound takes about seven pounds of grain. to get another pound of growth in the -- takes about three pounds of grain. chickens closer to two pounds of grain per pound of live weight so they're depending on which meats we con assume -- consume, which meets we choose to consume is where we are on the grain requirements ladder. in looking at the growth in rld demand, delrg 80 million people translates to about 24 against a s of grain

gobal hard vet of two billion tons of grain. we were learning on constraints to keep up with population growth and the rising ainfluence t the same time. it becomes 2%. we have seen the situation where the annual growth for grain to feed cattle, poultry has been somewhat larger in world demand from population growth. so this is kind of a historical shift that we've -- they're very .lose we're producing -- we're using almost all the land in the world today that should be used for agriculture. and that doesn't include

clearing the amazon rain forest. so we're pretty much against the limits on land. then with water -- i think water is submerging as the principle constraint on efforts to expand world food production. and then we drink four litters of water a day. but the food we consume each day takes about 2,000 litters of water to produce or 500 times as much. stated simply, we eat 500 times as much water as we drink. so how much we drink is trivial. it gets lost in the rounding. it's imbodied in the grain that we consume and the meat which is really the big factor. so we have land not expanding anymore. we have dwrover pumping the water in many places in the world. someone refered to texas and oklahoma and the aquifer. but that's pretty small for us.

we don't have much irrigated grain production in the united states. most of our grain is produced in the corn belt. and just to give you sense of how important that agriculture real estate is, the state of iowa produces more grain than canada and more soy beans than canada at the same time. this is high value real estate, very, very productive. so we -- but as a general manager, land and water are emerging as constraints. we're overpumping in china under the north china plain. in india where farmers have invested, you don't have to have a license to dig an irrigation wells and as a result they have wells. irrigation this is serious overpumping but

no one's in charge. you don't have to have a license so anyone can drill an irrigation well. but at some point, the world bank estimated that 175 million people in india are being fed with grain produced by overpumping water. you can overpump in the short run. but by definition not in the long run. and that's where we're seeing some dramatic adjustments, probably the most dramatic in the world would be the arab country, syria, iraq. those four countries have all overpumped their aquifers. they've experienced water and have all experienced big grain. this is the first glare the world, first region where we ve seen grain production clined and as a result

translated into peak grain. we've been looking at rising -- let me mention one other thing -- one is climate change. it's very difficult. we know what the effects of water shortages are. climate change is very difficult to assess. we know that a one degree rise in temperature, one degree celsius rise reduces grain yelled 17%. one degree reduces grain yield 17%. the projected rise is up to six degrees celsius. arithmetic at through. imagine the sort of problem we're going to face if we stay of he current path in terms creasing carbon emissions so

climate's a big issue. back when i was farming in the 1950's, we had fluctuations in weather. we might have a drought one year which would reduce the tomato crop but we didn't worry too much because next year things would go back to normal. today there's no norm to go back to. the whole climate system is influx and farmers can't anticipate it. this is a very difficult time to be a farmer because you just don't know how it's going to happen, how fast and when. what are the consequences of these constraints to make it more difficult to expand production is will food prices doubled in the last decade or so? now, it doesn't reather bother us too much if world grain prices double. bread for $3.

it has maybe 15 cents of wheat. we just -- we're so isolated with tall processing and markets and so forth in between. but if you look at new delhi and you go to the market each day and you buy wheat each day to ake chopati, the price of them double. we really don't feel it very much. they do. one of the consequences of this and this is my final point is we have -- i've join the center so i've been working of the agricultural trends. we've seen the one-meal a day in low income societies. now we're seeing something beyond that in a number of countries. nigeria for example. 22% of all families now plan

foodless days. it's not are we going to eat once a day. but some days we're not going to eat. the same thing is true for ethiopia, indian, bangladesh, peru. a large percentage of families 24% now ound 20 -- plan foodless days. they know they can't afford to eat every day. we should be able to eat five days a week. so we'll skip wednesday and saturday. this is new. we've not had this before where people realize they simply cannot eat every day and it becomes part of their lifestyle. it's been so recent that we don't really have much research on the consequences of what this means particularly for young people and their physical and mental development. but it is one of the most, i think one of the most serious

issues that we face today but it is not yet been recognized as such. >> thank you. thank you, lester that sort of sets the -- the ground floor here because food and water are the twreel essentials. i'm going to go to marilyn next. and i'm going to put her a little bit on the hot slot. she was c.e.o. as i said of aveda. she's also been on the board of nike and reebok as well. nike is one of the seven companies that have been tarted not to buy from because not because of their human rights protocols or how far you come in in that direction but because coca-cola is another one but because of overconsumption, excessive consumption of various products is creating the

situation that you're talking about. along with population. but as far as changes in temperature and changes in water are coming from carbon emissions. so i would like you to tell us a little bit about what you were on the inside of these companies . aveda is a little bit more conscious, i would think than nike. but if you would just tell us a little bit from the consumption side of this. >> thank you. it's a great way to start by saying i've been in the hot seat. that's great. [laughter] because i have good answers and -- the en the leif -- relief. squonet that i had my on company and then i went to rebock . the thing i did with reebok

which i could not get enacted is what salley is talking about. at reebok we were able to go back to something i'll show you in a little while on some slides i have from my own personal experience of understanding what lester was talking about, the whole consumption cycle because i come from hongcofpblg i come from understanding and seeing what it's like to have nothing or very little and then how does a person like that come to running a major international corporation responsible for a lot of the consumption that is taking place including and sally says we're using excessive resources. and what -- we were able to do the ebok was to go through -- n down through where we

>> could be done and still be relatively successful. so i guess that is a way of sayinging, it's not my fault but truly it's bigger than that, it's about understanding it's all our fault because we are part of the consumerism that is happening right now. slides that i'll share with you if this works -- could somebody put up any slides, please?