said i am doing my part. , [applause] eighteen years ago, millions of peoples, individuals, marched around the globe. they demanded a new international law for the evolution of child labor. and it has happened. we did it. millions of individuals together did it. friends, we live in an age of globalization. we are connected through high-speed internet. we exchanged our goods and services in one single global market.

thousands of flights everyday connectors from one corner to another corner of the globe. but there is one serious difference. and that is the level of compassion. let us not forget and transform individual compassion into global compassion. let us globalize compassion. [applause] mahatma gandhi said, if we are to teach real peace to the world, we shall have to begin with the children.

let us unite the world ffor compassion for our children. [applause] i ask -- whose children are they? whose children are they who harvest cocoa, but have never tasted chocolate? whose children are they who are dying of ebola? whose children are they who are kidnapped and made to work? they are all of our children. i remember an eight-year-old girl --

she was sitting with me in my car right after the rescue. she asked me, why did you not come earlier? her question shook me, and had the power to shake the whole world. what are we doing? what are we waiting for? how many girls have to go without rescue? children are questioning. children are questioning our inaction, and watching our action. we need collective action with a sense of diligently. every single minute matters.

every single child matters. every single childhood matters. [applause] therefore -- therefore, i challenge the pacifisty. i challenge the culture of silence, and the culture of pessimism. i call on the governments, businesses, workers, teachers, ngo's, faith leaders, and each one of us to put an end to all forms of violence against children. slavery, trafficking, child labor, child sexual abuse, illiteracy -- these things have

no place in any civilized society. [applause] friends, we can do this. go forth and make child friendly policies, and invest in education and young people. the businesses must be more responsible, accountable, and innovative. ready to deal with partnerships. governments must work together to accelerate action. global society must rise above the businesses. faith leaders and institutions and all of us must stand with our children. we must be bold.

we must be ambitious. and we must have the will. we must keep our promises. over fifty years ago, on the fourth day of my trip, i met a boy. a boy sitting outside the gate of my school. i asked my teacher, why is he sitting outside? why is he not with us in the classroom? she had no answer. one day, i gathered all my courage and went to the father of the little boy. and he said, sir, i have never thought about it. we are born to work. his answer made me angry.

and it -- it still makes me angry. as a child, i had a vision of tomorrow. a vision that a little boy is sitting with me in my classroom. now, the tomorrow has become today. i am, today. you are today. today is the time for every child to have the right to freedom, the right to health the right to education, the right to safety, the right to dignity, the right to equality and the right to peace. [applause] today -- today, beyond the darkness, i

see the smiling faces of children and blinking stars. today, in every name of every person, i see my children are playing and dancing. today, in every plant in every city and every mountain, i see children are growing freely with dignity. friends, i want to see and feel this today inside you. my dear sisters and brothers, as i said, many interesting things are happening today. but may i request you to put your hand close to your heart. close your eyes. and feel the child inside you.

and so, you can. listen to that child. listen, please. today, i see thousands of mahatma gandhi's, nelson mandela's, martin luther king's calling on us. let us democratize knowledge. [applause] let us democratize justice. [applause] together, let us globalize compassion. i call upon you in this room and all across the world.

i call for a much for rights for education. and a call for march from violence two piece. -- piece. [speaking foreign language] let us march from ignorance to awakening. let us march from darkness to light. let us march from mortality to divinity. let us march -- [applause] thank you. [applause]

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>> thank you, indeed. mr. kailash satyarthi, you proved what i have said -- the only tyrant of yours is the voice coming from the inside. which is also the case with regard to the second noble peace prize winner, malala yousafzai. i call you for to give your noble peace prize lecture. [applause]

>> thank you so much. thank you. [applause] thank you. [applause] thank you for that. [applause] [speaking in a foreign language] in the name of god, the most merciful, the most beneficient. your majesties, the royal highnesses, distinguished members, sisters and brothers,

today is the day of great happiness for me. i am humbled that the noble committee has selected me for this precious award. thank you to everyone for your continued support and love. thank you for the letters and cards that i still receive from all around the world. your kind and encouraging words strengthen and inspire me. i would like to thank my parents for their unconditional love. thank you to my father for not clipping my wings, and letting me fly. [applause]

thank you to my mother for inspiring me to be patient. and to always speak the truth, which we strongly believe is the true message of islam. and also, thank you to all my wonderful teachers who inspired me to believe in myself and be brave. i am proud -- i am very proud to be the first pakistani and the youngest person to receive this award. [applause]

along with that -- along with that, i'm pretty certain that i'm also the first recipient of the nobel peace prize who -- still fights with her younger brothers. [laughter] i want peace everywhere, but my brothers and i are still working on that. [laughter] i am also honored to receive this award together with kailash satyarthi, who has been a champion for children's rights for a long time. longer, in fact, than i have been alive. i am proud that we can work together. we can work together and show the world that an indian and a pakistani can work together and

achieve their voice of children's rights. [applause] dear brothers and sisters, i was named after our joan of arc. the word malala means grief stricken, sad. but in order to learn from happiness, my grandfather always call me malala, the happiest girl in the world. and today, i am very happy that we are together fighting for an important cause.

this award is not just for me. it is for those forgotten children who wanted education. it is for those forgotten children who want peace. it is for those voiceless children who want change. i am here to stand up for their rights, to raise their voice. because it is not time to pity them. it is not time to pity them. it is time to take action. so it becomes the last time -- the last time -- so it becomes the last time that we see a child deprived of education. [applause]

i have found that people describe me in many different ways. some people call me the girl who was shot by the taliban. and some -- the girl who fought for her rights. some people know that i am a laureates now; however, i'm still known is that annoying bossy sister. as far as i know, i am just a committed and even stubborn person who wants to see every child getting education. who wants to see women having

equal rights. and who wants peace in every corner of the world. [applause] education is a blessing of life, and one of necessity. that has been my experience, given the seventeen years of my life. i always loved learning and discovering new things. i remember when my friend and i would decorate our hands on special occasions. and instead of trying flowers,

we would paint our hands with mathematical formulas and equations -- hands with mathematical formulas and equations. our future was right there in that classroom. we would sit and learn and read together. we loved to wear neat and tidy school uniforms. and we would sit there, with big dreams and our eyes. we wanted to make our parents proud. and prove that we could excel in our studies and achieve those goals, which some people think only boys can. but things do not remain the same -- did not remain the same.

i was in a place of tourism and beauty. suddenly, changed into a place of terrorism. more than 400 schools were destroyed. women were flogged. people were killed. and our beautiful dreams turned into nightmares. education went from being a right. girls were stopped from going to school. when my world suddenly changed my priorities changed, too. i had two options. one was to remain silent, and wait to be killed. and the second was to speak up

and then be killed. i chose the second one. [applause] i decided to speak up. [applause] >> we cannot just stand by and see those injustices of terrorist denying our rights come up ruthlessly killing people and abusing the name of islam. we decided to raise our voice, and tell them -- have you not learned? have you not learned that in the

holy koran, allah says if you kill one person, it is if you killed all humanity. do you not know that mohammed, the prophet of mercy, he says do not harm yourself or others? do not know that the very first word of the holy quron, is the word that means read. terrorist tried to stop us, and me and my friends are here today, on a school bus, in 2012. but neither their ideas nor their bullets could win. we survived. and since that day, our voices have grown louder and louder. [applause]

>> i tell my story, not because it is unique, but because it is not. it is the story of many girls. today, i tell their stories too. i have brought with me some my sisters from pakistan, for my new -- from nigeria, from syria, who share this story. my sisters, who were also shot dead in our school bus. but they will not stop learning. my brave sisters.

we went through severe abuse and extreme violence, even her brother was killed. but she did not succumb. also my sister is here, who i met during my campaign. my 16-year-old courageous sister, from syria, who now lives in jordan as a refugee. and she goes from tent to tent encouraging girls and boys to learn. and my sister, from the north of nigeria, where boko haram stops

girls come and even kidnaps girls just for wanting to go to school. there is wonder. one person, 5'2" and just tall if you include my heels. that means i'm five foot only. i'm not alone voice. i am not a lone voice. i am many. malala, and i am all these others. i am those 66 million girls who are deprived of education. and today, i'm not raising my voice, it is the voice of those 66 million girls. [applause] >> sometimes people like to ask me -- why should girls go to school? why is it? today, and half of the world, we see progress and development.

however, there are many countries where millions still >> sometimes people like to ask me -- why should girls go to school? why is it? today, and half of the world, we see progress and development.

however, there are many countries where millions still prefer -- still suffer from the very old problems of war poverty, and injustice. we still see conflict, in which innocent people lose their lives. and children become orphans. we see many people becoming refugees. in afghanistan, we see families being killed in bomb blasts. many children in africa do not have access to education because of poverty.

and as i said, we still see girls who have no freedom to go to school in the north of nigeria, many children in countries like pakistan and india as we mentioned, many children -- especially in india and pakistan are deprived of the right to education. because of social status, or having been forced into child marriage or child labor. one of my very good school friends, the same age as me, who has always been bold and confident girl, dreamed of becoming a doctor.

but her dream remained a dream. at the age of 12 years old, she was forced to get married. and then soon, she had a sun. she had a child, and when she had birth of the child come at only 14 years old, i know that she could have been a very good doctor. but she couldn't, because she was a girl. her story is why i dedicate the nobel peace prize money to the malala fund. to help give girls quality education everywhere, anywhere in the world. and to raise their voices, the first place the funding will go to his were my heart is.

to build schools in pakistan. especially in my home. [applause] >> in my own village, there is still no secondary school for girls. it is my wish and my commitment, and now my challenge, to build one. so that my friends and my sisters can go there to school and get quality education.

they get this opportunity to fulfill their dreams. this is where i will begin. but it is not where i will stop. i will continue this fight until i see every child, every in the school. dear brothers and sisters, brave people who brought change, like martin luther king and nelson mandela. mother teresa, and others once stood here on this stage. i hope that the steps i've taken so far, and will take on this journey, will also bring change -- lasting change. [applause] >> my great hope is this -- this will be the last time we must fight for education.

that for this, once and for all. we have already taken many steps. now, it is time to take a leap. it is not time to tell the world leaders to realize how important education is. they already know it. their own children are in good schools. now, it is time to call them to take action for the rest of the world's children. we ask the world leaders tonight's -- to unite and make education a top priority. 15 years ago, the world leaders decided to set millennium development goals.

in the years that have followed, we have seen some progress. the number of children out of schools has been half as kailash satyarthi said. but the world's focus only on primary education, and progress did not reach everyone. in the year 2015, the percentages from all around the world will meet.

-- representatives from all around the world were meat. the united nations will set the next rounds of goals. this will set the world's ambition for the next generation. the world can no longer accept that basic education is enough. why do leaders accept that for children in developing countries, only basic literacy is sufficient, when their own children do homework in algebra, mathematics, science and physics. leaders must seize this opportunity to guarantee a free quality primary and secondary education for every child. [applause] >> some will say this is impractical. or too expensive to or too hard. or maybe even impossible. but it is time the world thinks

bigger. your sisters and brothers, the world may understand it, but we children don't. why is it that countries which we call strong are so powerful in creating wars, but are so weak in bringing peace? [applause] >> why is it that giving guns is

so easy, but giving books is so hard? why is it that making thanks is so easy, but building schools is so hard we are living in the modern age. and we believe that nothing is impossible. 45 years ago, we reach the moon. and maybe we will land on mars. then come in this 21st century we must be able to give every child quality education. your sisters and brothers, dear fellow children, we must work, not weight. not just the politicians and the world leaders, we all need to contribute. me, you, we. it is our duty.

let us become the first generation to decide to be the last. let us become the first generation that decides to be the last that sees empty classrooms, and wasted potential. let this be the last time that a girl or a boy spends their childhood in a factory. let this be the last time that the girls get forced into early child marriage. let this be the last time that a child loses a life in war. let this be the last time that we see a child out of school. let this end with us. let's begin this ending together, today, right here,

right now, let's begin this ending now. [applause] thank you. [applause]

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>> thank you. >> congratulations. >> thank you for a wonderful speech. [laughter] [trumpets]

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>> stories told by heroes of world war ii. then crystal talks about the incoming republican led congress.

ladle michael kamensky -- later michael kamensky of the daily beast. on the next "washington journal ," a look at the factors for 2015 including job creation trends. our guests are robert greaboyes and elise gould. then we will talk about global economic spots. you can join the conversation on facebook and twitter. "washington journal" recently sat down with the michigan congressman who became the dean of the house of the 114th congress. congressman conyers talked about his new role and what his

responsibilities will be. >> joining us from detroit is the incoming dean of the house and senate john conyers from michigan. good morning. >> good morning to you. >> tell folks a little about the position you are about to assume. >> well, the first requirement is longevity. the dean of the house is the longest-serving member in the house of representatives, and he has the distinct honor on opening day, january 6, two swear in the incoming speaker of the house, which is a constitutional office. even though the present speaker

of the house is going to be the same one, he will still have to be sworn in again. that's where i come in. >> so you will do that today. tell us a little bit about the longevity aspect of it. you come to this position taking over from represented -- representative dingell. talk about taking over, and the fact he is a fellow michigander as well. >> not only that, his father and my father were good friends. he and i are good friends. he was once my congressman and i have been talking with him about this job. the important duty is of course on opening day when we swear in the incoming speaker of the

house for the next session of congress. >> so you have been talking to him about the job. what kind of advice has been given to you about it? >> well, she has given me some good advice. stay calm, get your swearing-in statement together so you can have the incoming speaker raise his right hand with you and say that he will support the constitution of the united states and some other things. and we will be all set. >> you will become the first african-american to assume this position. what does that mean to you? >> i think it is a high honor under any circumstances but i think it is even more significant that of all the members in the congress, i am now the longest-serving and the

first african-american to hold that rank. i value it and i'm very proud of it. >> with your new platform as dean even after you do the ceremonial aspect of it, do you use your platform to talk about race issues, to talk about other issues near and dear to you? >> absolutely. the dean of the house has a special recognition. and it gives a little more added authority to the positions i take so i will be very carefully assessing what i say and what positions i have -- advocate as new dean of the house. i follow a very distinguished member of congress who was the

dean for a long time himself. he is stepping down. of course, his wife is replacing him, debbie dingell. we are looking forward to working with her and the entire michigan delegation. >> as you become dean now, do you get any privileges with that? better office space, your choice of committee? how does that work? >> we have in looking to see if there are any perks. guess what? we haven't found one. >> but you are the longest-serving member now. with this freshman class coming in, because you hold the title of dean, what advice would you give the freshman class, being the longest-serving member? >> well, i would advise them to the very careful and thoughtful about the votes they cast and

that they want to realize that every vote they cast the comes a part of our congressional history. and we don't want them to go and get into a mood or into a group about which they will be saying later on that they were sorry they were running in a direction they really didn't support. >> joining us, the longest-serving member of congress the dean of the house of representatives john conyers from michigan. thank you, representative. appreciate your time. >> it is a pleasure being with you. have a good new year. >> the 114th congress gavels in on tuesday at noon eastern.

watch the house live on c-span, and the senate live on c-span2. with the new congress, you have the best access, the most extensive coverage anywhere. have your say as events unfold on tv, radio, and around the web. >> the c-span cities tour takes book tv and american history tv on the road, traveling to u.s. cities to learn about their history and literary life. this weekend, we partnered with time warner cable for a visit to austin, texas. >> we are in the private suite of lyndon and lady bird johnson, the private quarters of the president and first lady. when i say private, i do mean that. this is not part of a tour offered to the public. this has never been open to the public. because of c-span's special access you can see it.

vip's come to the space, just like in lyndon johnson's day but it is not open to our visitors on a daily basis. the thing about this space, it is really a living and breathing artifact. it hasn't changed at all since president johnson died in january 1973. there is a document in this room signed by the then-archivist of the united eights and lady bird johnson, telling my predecessors myself, and my successors that nothing in the room can change. >> we are in the 100 block of congress avenue in austin. to my left is the colorado river. this is an important historic site because this is where waterloo was. it consisted of a cluster of cabins occupied by four or five families. i'm standing at the spot where the cabin was, and this is where

mirabeau lamarr was staying when he and the rest of the men got wind of the buffalo herd. so they jumped on their horses on congress avenue, it wasn't really an avenue, just a muddy ravine that went north to the hill where the capital assets. -- now sits. they galloped into the midst of the herd of buffalo, firing and shouting. at eight and congress, lamarr shot this buffalo. he went to the capital hill, and he said this should be the seat of the future empire. >> watch all our coverage from austin saturday at noon eastern on book tv, and sunday afternoon on american history tv on c-span3. >> now, a panel on veterans of world war ii. military veterans met in

washington, d.c. for a conference honoring their service. they told war stories about the tuskegee air men and the doolittle raiders who conducted the first air raid on japan in spring of 1942. this is 40 minutes. [applause] >> thank you. >> at a boy, jim. >> --atta boy, jim. >> i appreciate your support. a little nervous in the front row. can you guys hear me in the back? we want you to think of some questions. make this an interactive panel. it is not so much me asking the questions. we want you to be able to ask the questions of these legends of world war ii. a quick introduction before the speaking program begins. on my left, james -- the highest decorated officer in the history of the 82nd airborne division. he fought in italy.

he jumped into market garden. he did the wall river crossing. he also fought in the battle of the bulge, where he should have won the medal of honor, but due to a army snafu, he did not. he is one of the great platoon leaders of world war ii. a guy who i am happy to call a friend. the gentleman to his left is lieutenant colonel cole. plane number one of the doolittle raid. jimmy doolittle's copilot and the pride of dayton, ohio. we talk about moments of history and having a front row seat to moments in history. he had a front row seat to one of the most amazing moments in history. to his left, ed saylor, the

pride of montana. plane number 15. tnt. just an amazing man. an engineer on plane number 15? >> maybe? >> i said engineer. [laughter] no offense, navy guys. you were an engineer. before we begin, i wanted to have the honor of opening remarks by the ambassador of the taipei economic and cultural representative of their office. during world war ii, the republic of china suffered greatly at the hands of the japanese, but fought with great valor. the chinese obviously risked their lives to help the

doolittle raiders. many of you know that story helping many of the air men to safety. as a result of the sacrifice of the chinese, and in retaliation for their helping the americans 250,000 chinese were killed by the japanese in retaliation for what happened. and their help of the doolittle raiders. to this day, there remains a bond between the raiders america, and the republic of china, that remains very strong. we are honored to have you back, ambassador, to say a few words before today's panel begins. ambassador? [applause] >> i have more than just a few words. i am speaking to you in my dual capacity, first as representative from taiwan,

whose official name is still the republic of china, and also today i'm qualified to be a spokesman for the world war ii china. under generalissimo chiang kai-shek. keep in mind, it was chiang kai-shek who issued the order that you, your crew were supposed to land. to tell all the people and soldiers in the province that you have to offer, risking your own lives, you have to offer the best protection, the best help too american flyers once they reach your territory or airspace. now -- [applause] thank you. even though chiang kai-shek has for 40 years -- has already passed away for 40 years believe it or not, today in taiwan his political party the

kuomintang is the ruling party of the country. we know the doolittle mission is a big success. the most daring, the most stimulating, the most heroic in the early part of world war ii. it also can be considered as a retaliation against the japanese surprise attack of pearl harbor. this is also the first time the japanese homeland was attacked. now, thank you, for the first time the japanese warmongers realized that their own security was at stake. when president roosevelt was heard about the great news, he held a press conference. in the conference when he was asked, where did the bombers take off from? he said, a secret base in shangri-la. [laughter]

however, we all know this is not the case. in the very beginning, it is very difficult for a b-25 to take off from an aircraft carrier. it is not long enough. and because the aircraft carrier has to stay far away from the japanese homeland, from being detected. it is almost 700 miles in between. it is too far. even though the be-25 can fly to japan, they probably don't have enough fuel to fly back. as a miracle, all 16 b-25's, including colonel cole's, took off as planned. the penetrated into japanese airspace almost interrupted -- uninterrupted. they bombed the japanese cities. not heavy bombing but symbolic bombing. they bombed tokyo, nagoya,

yokohama. to warm the japanese. -- warn the japanese. it is a miracle that they managed to get out almost unharmed. where would they go to land? the original plan was to have a chinese airport. they fly across the east china sea to a chinese city. the chinese government built an airport there, just for them to land. however, just a few hours before the mission started, colonel, you remember well, the american fleet was spotted by japanese spy ships. so the general decided to move up the takeoff time two hours earlier. but this two hours earlier the message did not get to the chinese authorities. the wartime communication was not so good.

by the time they finish the mission, they reached the airspace. the airport, this was during the night, it was in a blackout. they had no place to land. 15 of the 16, except for one which went to the soviet union and the crew was detained by the soviets for many years, the other 15 had to either crash land or bailout. added 75 crew members, 65 almost almost 90%, thankfully because of chang kai-shek's order. that was a dangerous province. partly occupied by the japanese. they controlled the big cities. you were there. they were rescued by the chinese guerrilla soldiers. the chinese people risked their lives to save the american

flyers and offer them the best protection and sanctuary. they assembled them and sent them to the airport in the next province. and from there, a c-47 pick them -- then took them to the wartime chinese capital of chongqing where they were warmly received by generalissimo chiang kai-shek. i see, chongqing, colonel doolittle got the order to have him promoted directly to general. it is a beautiful story, but the story did not end. you can imagine how angry the japanese were. they mobilized nine divisions and started what they called a punitive campaign against the chinese.

more cities being taken, more villages being burned down. and tens of thousands of civilians, soldiers, women and children, being massacred. because at that time the japanese used chemical weapons. the chinese suffered a lot for -- because of the success of the american mission. but after so many years, these selfless chinese feel only regret that that night, they did not receive general doolittle and his flyers well. because there are 10 crewmen who did not make it, some of them later were captured by the japanese and executed. some died in japanese persons. -- prisons. only four survived until the end of the war. so the chinese people always feel a little sorry, a little regret. let me tell you a story. you probably have never heard about this. general doolittle, believe it or

not, in may of 1976, he visited taiwan. this time, he was no longer a general on active duty. he was a business executive representing mutual of omaha. he went to taiwan for an international insurance conference. of course, it became big news of his arrival. a chinese gentleman in taipei wrote him a letter. who is this chinese gentleman? he was the provincial commissioner for the civil defense during the war of the province that the general and crew were supposed to land in. this gentleman had retired. but all those years, he felt regret, sorry for not receiving the general and his flyers. so he wrote the general a letter to the hotel where the general was staying.

and the general was so gracious. he expressed his regret, asking why, general, you did not land in our airport as scheduled. the general wrote back. i have the letter. i found it in the gentleman's memoirs. it is in chinese but i translated it into english. now allow me to read this letter from general doolittle to our gentleman. it says, "i was delighted to receive your letter of may 18. we are grateful that our chinese friends built an airport for us and helped our crew members. unfortunately, the aircraft that carried the navigation apartment crashed on the way to china. therefore, there was no beacon to guide us. we did not provide you with enough information. however, we were successful in

creating an astonishing result. signed, jimmy doolittle. may 27 1976." my dear friends, this is why i will say that the doolittle mission and the chinese cooperation would be the most heroic, touching moving episode of the u.s.-china wartime cooperation. when china was under the leadership of chang kai-shek. this episode deserves our heartfelt remembrance generation after generation. this is why i was very surprised that last month i went to a special session about wartime u.s.-china cooperation co-sponsored by a research institute in china and a think tank here. i was surprised that out of the

150 or 200 photos there was not one about general doolittle and his mission. instead to my surprise maybe there was one hiding that i did not find but to say the least, general doolittle was tremendously outnumbered by pictures of an american army colonel. and who was this? the chief of the u.s. military liaison section. so the kernel -- colonel had a lot of pictures, but they showed those pictures instead. i appreciate this opportunity because i can get this chance to tell the true story, the true spirit, the true legacy. this legacy is honored and preserved by the people of taiwan. once again, our sincere

gratitude and salute to the general, his crew men, and the chinese people who sacrificed or even died for the success of the american mission. thank you very much. [applause] >> thank you ambassador. thank you very much. very nice. our first question is for clinical. colonel, the impact of the rate was felt by the entire nation. it was a huge morale-builder for a country that had only known defeats until that point. it does not seem to have lost any of its importance. how come the raid on april 18

19 42, has not lost its impact on america? that is your microphone. we will give you that one. >> well, the raid on japan was very important to president roosevelt. after pearl harbor, he continued to badger --the chief of the army corps and he continued to badger the chief of operations. not many people that i have contacted realized the idea of

the raid came from a navy captain who was a submariner who was flying over norfork naval air station one day and the runways are marked off. i don't know the distance, but the carrier mark. looking down he saw in army bomber take off. it ended up on roosevelt's desk, and he said to do it. you had a problem with the plane getting off of 40. on playing number 15 almost did

not make it off the hornet. can you talk a little bit about that? >> the right engine on my airplane developed a problem which meant it could not fly anymore. i had to remove the engine and repair it on the deck of the carrier they asked me if i could fix it, and i said probably. i did not say very loud. about again in over my head. i knew i would have to take the engine off the airplane, take half of part, put it together and hope i did it right. this was a job we did not know how to do at squadron level. it all worked out.

navy helped me get the engine off the airplane. this is a 2000 pound engine hanging around at the end of a chain hoist on an aircraft carrier. the navy helped a lot. with all the ropes, they kept it from getting out of control. they put it back together. the tricky part was taking an engine off an airplane on the flight deck of the carrier. the carrier refused to hold still. [laughter] >> you could not lay anything on the deck of the carrier. it would go right overboard. a suggestion was made by some friends that i ought to toss something overboard and be done with it. i didn't. anyway, i complicated the job.

everything had to go up inside the airplane. i do not know where they went. no parts left over. at that point, i felt pretty good about it. [laughter] >> hopefully all the bolts were in the right holes. but we will see. the engine ran fine. we flew about 12 hours. something around that. everything went fine. so i was kind of given credit for handling the full 16 airplanes. it could have been 15. but i got away with it. [applause] >> claim number 15 -- plane

number 15's target ww -- was kobie, japan. you have spoken about fighting in the mountains of italy and anzio, and you always said you learned a lot from watching the german and how they fought. and you applied that to your self as a soldier. could you talk to the crowd a little bit about what you learned from watching the germans? you are not only in charge of watching the germans, but you are in charge of shooting a few as well. but you had a deep respect for the soldiers. >> i would be delighted to talk about. i would like to interject one thought, if i may, about our presence here. the three of us.

i am pleased to be with my colleagues. who i appreciate and have known for a long time. i have to say i want to put some type of historical chronology here. as veterans of the great war world war ii. i remember going to grade schools. and i remember on november 11, we all stood up and faced east. all the whistles and horns sounded. church bells sounded. we were celebrating the aniston's. --armisitice. i was born 52 years after the end of the civil war. and we are talking about world war ii, that ended almost 70 years ago. and also remember the parades we

had downtown in wisconsin. civil war veterans were riding in cars because they were not capable of marching. there were a few that followed along. also, the world war i veterans, that was their time. when i was in grade school. and spanish-american war veterans. i stood out there and watched the veterans go by and great amazement. what a great thing this is. what a wonderful thing it would be if i had something from one of these veterans from the civil war. what would it mean to me? here we are from world war ii. we are talking about that. i always say that, because i remember at that time, the way the country had responded in world war i. how we were united and fought together.

people stood up when it a plane came by. they honored it. somewhat different than the way we are now. so it was. we stood up on november 11. now known as veterans day. but in regards to your question about what i learned in combat or as an officer in the war, i had graduated from rotc and had a commission when i went into service. i was a second lieutenant. i had gone to some all caps. -- summer camps. we were learning about war from the manuals in world war i. how we moved in large forces and jumped out of trenches. that was pretty much my

training. in parachute school, we learned other things. new thoughts about jumping behind enemy lines and securing lines of communication. to aid the troops that would be making landing in wherever it was we were jumping. and so that is my training. when i got to africa and went to airborne training center, after that into italy and the mountains of italy and everything, i really had not had any training that was appropriate for what we were about to face in italy. but the germans did. let me say this. i highly respected the german soldiers as an enemy. they were good. they had ravaged most of europe. they had taken over everything. they had military down to a science.

they knew what it was. what i watched them do at the mountains of italy, whenever they went into attack, they prepared their target. they came in with bombers or artillery or whatever to soften up the target for infantry that would follow. we did not do that. i was not taught that in my training. but the germans did. when they charged out of their position, e they did not comen masse, but in units. arrival rifle squad would approach it from another angle. when they did that from behind the machine guns would fire overhead. these guys come to -- charging at you. when things really got back, you can look for the looked walking -- luftwaffen.

they brought everything to bear on their targets in a way i had not been taught. i was wounded twice and eventually evacuated to england before i jumped in holland. but i learned more from the germans, fighting against them in italy, then i learned in all the training i had before that. i do not knock military training. i think it is adequate for our purposes. but in world war ii, i want you to know that when the war clouds were brewing over the pacific and atlantic, we had a military force in 1940 of 140,000 people. 140,000. but in short order after the draft was instituted and the japanese bombed pearl harbor, we went to 16 million people. that had to be trained, have

offices, leaders, all that. the question that i was asked, i read about that, because i was sincere in what i had to say but i learned an awful lot from the germans. but also not only did i learn a lot from them, it was clear they were an enemy. and their purpose in being there was to kill us. so we either kill them or they killed us. i would like to tell a story that sticks in my craw when the subject comes up. after i got back to wisconsin sometime after the war, i was invited to a grade school to tell what it was like to jump out of an airplane. what it meant and all that. so i did. and then talking about it, i said i jumped in holland. i carried with me a thompson

submachine gun over one shoulder. and an m1 in the other. i was loaded down with ammunition and guns. and i said to the students, what you think i jumped with all those guns? they raise their hands. but one boy got up and this is what he said. beside that kills the other side's soldiers wins. i thought, this guy is smarter than our historians writing about war to -- world war ii. [laughter] >> he said the side that kills the other side's soldiers wins. i learned that in germany. and they were out to kill us. it was a matter of them or us.

i can tell you, while i am on the subject and have the floor -- [laughter] >> i am not going to argue. >> all of us, we knew we were serving a cause greater than ourselves. what we were fighting for were the values we hold dear in this country. and want to fight for. it has made this country great. every generation has come forward when the occasion demanded young men and women who responded to the challenge. to protect those values. but it was not until the latter part of the war, when we liberated the concentration camp. we came in one gate. the ss troopers out the other. we saw how it existed on an everyday basis. what i saw shocked me. it pointed out man's capacity for inhumanity to man.

i saw it right there. and i have said since, i've been fully realized what the cause we were fighting for the was greater than ourselves. and that was to destroy the monstrosity of the nazis or he would engulf freedom-loving people everywhere. [laughter] -- [applause] >> we also learn from the germans that they would kill me or i would kill them. and some of their tactics, i thought were more effective than ours. that enabled me to be a leader. i want to say one other thing since i represent the infantry. what i learned was, and what i

tell soldiers today and elsewhere where i speak, is you lead from the front. u command from the rear. you lead from the front. whether a battle is won or lost. you can look back in history. i like to use the example that is -- let's say the germans captured stalingrad. and russia had surrendered. we would be living in a different world today. you go back in history and point out where those battles are fought. there were not fought in capital cities by large armies. they were fought by young men and women. not women, but young men, who believed in a cause greater than ourselves. i like to point those things out. to put in perspective anything that i might say.

as i said, a historical chronology. born right after the civil war. and i recall all that. >> and the concentration camp was in germany. i have been there with maggie. a smaller concentration skin -- cap not on the size of auschwitz or dachau. going back to europe with this guy like going back with jay-z or one of those guys. he is a rock star over there. give him up laws -- applause. [applause] >> we would like to take some questions now if any of you would like to ask a question of the doolittle raiders.

>> i have the microphone. >> or you can yell it and i will yell it to them. what is your question? >> on behalf of all my peers, it is an honor to have you here. it is an honor seen your presence and to take advice from you. you are known as the greatest generation of america. the ones who basically built the country. i want to ask you, if you could pass down one form of advice to us, how can we better serve our people? >> he wants to borrow $100. [laughter] >> he wants to know how the younger generation, when they become commissioned officers how can they best serve this country like your generation served our country? >> i do not know exactly how to

answer that. the training you young people are having and have had does not come anywhere near to the lack of training that we had when we were young. i enlisted before the japanese attack. i did that because uncle sam had paid for my flying to get together a pilot's license and have a basis for going on two flying at kelly air force base. the other thing was, as a young person, i had been interested in

aviation, mainly because i was exposed to a lot of army air corps flying. i was raised in dayton ohio. i had an opportunity to observe what the army air corps was doing at a base that no longer exists. called mccook field. >> thank you, colonel. any other questions? >> i would like to make a comment. there are a lot of cliches that come out of a war. one of them is, they refer to us as the greatest generation. i disavow that in a book that i wrote. what i say is this. as i said earlier, every time those values that we hold dear

as a nation were threatened young men and women came forward and responded. and they may not have been the greatest generation, but they were the best of their generation. i say this with great conviction because of the way we treated our vietnam veterans when they came back home. you know, we looked down on the. but they were the best of their generation. i spent two years in vietnam. and they were every bit as good as we were. for me to indicate that you guys are good, but i was from a greater generation, i think would be meeting to other soldiers. i do not use that. it may help tom brokaw sell books, but i do not buy. every generation has brought forward great men and women. [applause] >> including the young and men

women serving us today. they're the best of their generation. >> we have a question. >> my question is for anyone of you. is there a time you were scared and wanted to give up in remission? -- your mission? >> there was opportunity anytime -- many times with the doolittle raiders to back out of the rate -- raid. you are asked whether you wanted to not be on the rate -- raid. and every man said, i want to go. was there a point where you were scared? point was that? >> i probably was scared. it didn't bother me much. we did what had to be done. everybody was doing the same in those days.

we had a fight on our hands. there was no point in worrying about. just get on with it. we did what we were trained to do and did not worry about it. it all worked out. a whole bunch of kids went into war. scared? i suppose i probably was a little scared many times. particularly when i was covered up by bob -- bombs. i'm sure i'm drifting away from the west. -- question. i did what i had to do. there was no philosophy, certainly to my knowledge. a serious bunch of young men that just done what had to be done. it worked out. [applause]

>> i just want to say, is not common for a veteran to say i landed in omaha or served in the pacific. or served in north africa and burma. and then i went back to high school. when you think about it, when i was in high school, i was still sucking my phone -- thumb. but these guys fought a war and went on to finish college. we have a few minutes left. >> mainly for james magellis. >> you said when you saw the nazi atrocities, you understood what you are all about. >> looking at the atrocities committed by isil, where 300 of

our allies were executed this past weekend, how do you reflect on the? do you see any comparisons? >> looking back on liberating a concentration camp and the whole cast -- holocaust, history tends to repeat itself. today, with the murder and genocide across the world. what are your thoughts about that? maybe the world hasn't learned? >> i do address that subject. it is a good question. i address that subject in my book. that is that we cannot be indifferent when these things are happening around the world. not happening to us. but we cannot be indifferent when inhumanity is being expressed and these kinds of things are going on. we cannot say, it does not affect us. it does.

it may not affect our security directly. but it affects us as people and what we believe in and what we stand for and what we fought for and were willing to die for. when we see that, i say we cannot be indifferent to what is happening to other people around the world. we tend to dismiss it here, but we cannot. i think that if the holocaust taught us anything, it is that we cannot be indifferent to these things, wherever they might happen. that is not who we are as americans. [applause] >> we have to wrap up the panel. but i have to say what an honor it is to be able to have the opportunity to ask questions of colonel matt jealous, colonel cole, and colonel taylor. we with we had the ability to

talk to a world war i veteran about their experiences, but they are all gone. there are still world war ii veterans left. about 1.2 million. if you get the opportunity, go talk to one. it could be any veteran from anywhere. the tuskegee airmen. it could be a grandfather or grandmother. just do it. just talk to them and let them tell you what it was like. it is such an honor to have all of you here. thank you for your participation today. good luck to all of you. [applause] [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2015] [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. visit ncicap.org] >> on the next washington journal, the factors that could determine economic growth in 2015. including job creation trends. our guest is robeert graboyes.

and uri friedman will discuss threats to global stability in 2015. you can join the conversation on facebook and twitter. the 114th congress convenes in the middle of the week. republicans will have 247 members in the house, the largest gop majority since the 2008 elections. and 188 house democrats. senator dianne feinstein is the oldest member of the body at 81. incoming arkansas republican tom cotton will be the youngest at 37. the average age will be 61. >> this sunday on q and a janet longia of the nation's largest

hispanic civil rights group. >> i had the privilege of experiencing the american dream in this country. born in kansas. my parents actually came to this country in the early 1950's. very early 1950's. my parents came from mexico with no money and little education. my dad had an eighth grade education. my mom, a fifth-grade education. but they believed in the promise of this country and were seeking better opportunities for their children. so they worked really hard and sacrificed. as so many latinos and hispanics have done in this country. because they wanted that better future for their children. they believed in the promise of

this country. they really taught us important values that have been our guide for our lives. my six brothers and sisters. but they taught us the importance of family, of faith, community, hard work, integrity. all important values they share with us. >> sunday night at 8:00 eastern and pacific. >> now, weekly standard's founder and editor bill kristol discusses the republican majority of the incoming congress. this is 45 minutes. host: next week brings the start of the 114th congress. here to discuss it is bill kristol, the founder and editor of the “weekly standard.”

let's start up with the news of the day. yesterday, the third ranking republican admitting he had spoken to a white supremacist. -- linked group. here is what john boehner said in response. more than a decade ago representatives scalise made an error in judgment. he was right to acknowledge it was wrong and inappropriate. like my colleagues on both sides of the aisle, i know steve to be a man of high integrity and character. he has my full confidence as our whip as he continues to do great and important work for americans. so what is going on here? guest: hard to tell. some of the reporting seemed to be inaccurate first. it is hard to remember who you spoke to 12 years ago. if nothing more comes out, he survives, it is really kind of guilt by association.

you speak to a group once. no one has any evidence he said anything to the group. he was in louisiana to cut taxes at the time. he went to a group he thought was a respectable group. spoke for 40 minutes. made a pitch to cut taxes and left. no particular connections with the group. so guilt by association to some ridiculous degree. but i guess his colleagues will decide in the house. and ultimately, the voters of louisiana can decide if they want to remove him. host: this is more than a decade ago. but i still wonder, with republicans having control of both chambers, both speaker boehner and mitch mcconnell have said we want to govern, focus on getting things done. getting the work of governing done in washington. is this distracting? guest: nothing much more comes out, is a media bubble.

i do not know steve scalise will. i have not heard anything bad about him through his personal treatment of people. i loath david duke. he loathes me, i'm happy to say. i am mentioned on his website as one of the horrible jews getting us into wars. seizing control of the u.s. government from good americans like him. i actually played a tiny role in the first bush white house in working against duke in the runoff. he was claiming to be the republican nominee. i thought it was important that many people know that the national republican committee did not accept his claim as a republican. president bush actually came out against him, and we said that endorse edwards as the candidate.

i thought that was better than david duke as an elected republican official. i think the republican party has been pretty good at distancing itself from people like david duke. steve scalise did that yesterday. that might be the end of the story. host: let's go to another story that is probably not a headline. congressman michael grimm said he would leave his seat. will it stay in gop hands? guest: it has been a competitive seat. everyone thought that was one republicans might lose. i think it is mostly a republican district. from a republican point of view, i'm sure it was right to step down. and it was right of speaker boehner to pressure him behind-the-scenes to step down if that's what he did. he has a pseudo-hands-off way of managing things.

it gets people to resign voluntarily. without it being obvious they have been pushed. but i think without him on the ballot, republicans have a good chance. host: bill kristol is the founder and editor of the weekly standard. here to talk about the 114th congress. reach out to us. the number for republicans is 202-748-8001. democrats, 202-748-8000. independents, 202-748-8002. let's go to the phones. our first call is from betty, in zion, illinois. on the democrats line. caller: good morning. my comment is how could the country reelect the person that said his main thing was not to help the president? my other comment is the disrespect given to president obama.