happen with its the authority or in the national crime agency. all the powers of their to go after those that don't pay them minimum wage when they should. >> on monday i listened to residents of mental court and extra care facilities in my constituency tell me about there social care. for the good of all those who need care and all the nhs patients, will the prime minister go further to integrate health and social care? >> we are producing a fund of 5 billion pounds which will be money that the health and of local authorities can spend together. the labour party now has opposed to that fund instead it should be brought into place. but i'm afraid it's worse than that because the secretary of state, the shadow secretary of state for health has been wandered around the television studios today saying to anyone who is prepared to listen that increase funding for social care because there's only one slight problem with this, which is this is what the shadow chancellor

has said, and he said this, on the news just on the fifth of january, there will be no additional funding for local government, he said. unless we can find money from somewhere else. and we have not asked -- all, we are, we are. right. if it waited for the end of the quota they would've for this, and we've not been able to do that in the case of local government. so there we are. complete and utter chaos. one going around saying go the extra money. another one saying there won't be any extra money. 20 billion pounds of unfunded commitments. they would lead to total chaos in our economy and a total breakdown in our health service. [shouting] >> thank you, mr. speaker. will the prime minister update the house on the future arrangements for the upkeep of the royal air force memorial -- at the iconic former battle of britain airfield at? >> i can absolutely confirm to

the house that this chapel will be preserved for future generations as we've always recognized its importance and its rich heritage. i think in all the great moments of british history it is possibly the case that the battle of britain in 1940 stands out as one of the most important times there been so we were protected this chapel and do whatever it takes to protected for future generations. >> will the prime minister take actions immediately to clear up the shambles at the office which has resulted in a constituent of mine for fast-track to who applied for fast-track passport before christmas and promised he would be delivered by courier on new year's eve, still doesn't have it? and as a result has had to cancel a trip he was due to make yesterday, to great personal cost and great damage to his

arsenal life. will he make sure that man is able to travel this week and clear up this mess? >> i'm very happy to look at the individual case that the right honorable gentleman talks about but i think we've made huge strides forward to do with potential backlogs in terms of passports and i think thank the home secretary is doing a fantastic job. >> order. >> you have been watching prime minister's questions from the british house of commons. question time airs live on c-span 2 every wednesday at 7:00 a.m. eastern and again on sunday night at 9:00 p.m. eastern. watch any time at c-span.org, where you can find video of past prime minister's questions and other british public affairs programs. next, we will show you some of the french unity march today in paris, then "q&a."

then, another chance to see david cameron at the house of commons. world leaders joined to the french today in a unity rally in paris held after the terror attacks that killed 17 people. our coverage is courtesy of france 24. this portion is about one hour and 20 minutes. >> >> begins a political leaders from around the world in front of the camera at place de la republique. you are currently seeing the french president saying hello shaking the hand of mahmoud abbas. this day has really turned into a symbolic day. alongside mahmoud abbas we have benjamin netanyahu.

a pretty powerful image with these two leaders obviously a very checkered into trouble past. they are now side-by-side in paris. we are seeing a lot of other political leaders as well. the head of the european commission. the prime minister's of spain and italy. we are going to continue looking at these pictures and i am going to turn to my colleague are international affairs editor here with us in the studio. this has a european angle to it. i want to start with you, and ette. we have interior ministers from around the european union meeting sunday. >> i think it is important is

that the u.s. attorney general eric holder, turned up with a very important message from president obama. that was that there will be a summit in washington with all allies, all american allies, to discuss how one can strengthen security and coordination in the wake of his attack. as we heard earlier, the big problem has been -- and this has been said as a result of what we witnessed -- a failure to share key information between certain countries intelligence. the americans were very much locust on yemen, and not surprisingly the brothers were on a no-fly list. but what happened on the french side with the priorities and resources, and the fact that the french have been very concentrating on north africa --

>> al qaeda. >> and this is a gang whose whole issue about strengthening ties, strengthening links, sharing information making sure that everybody is on the same page. it is difficult. the other issue at hand is the violence. >> what underlines that it is so difficult is the fact that "charlie hebdo" and its editor was living under protection. well we had "charlie hebdo" under police protection we also had the brothers on the radar screen of french authorities. still, authorities didn't catch this. >> is it for sure that the americans did not share that the brothers were on the no-fly list? >> it seems to be the case. certainly in terms of ensuring that there are clear like communication, the reality is that it wasn't passed on to

relevant people. i think that is the important point. but i think we should also look at some of the images. >> absolutely. we have just started seeing the images of the leaders that are shoulder to shoulder on place de la prerepublique. you are looking at pictures of a unity march after what has been a dramatic week in france. hundreds of thousands of people have shown up. there to start a unity march across parts of the french capital. the leaders are there in the front line. they will be leaving the effort to commemorate the victims of this week's attack. let me turn to our european affairs editor. what are your thoughts when you are seeing european leaders shouldered to shoulder?

>> many of them are coming from predominately was the countries and there is a very strong message from them that what happened has nothing to do with islam or religion. these individuals who perpetrated these attacks are just criminals, has the reaction. it is just unprecedented stop this is the second time since the end of the second world war we have seen a french president who takes part in a public demonstration. the last time was in 1919, when he marched with a number of french people promoting the desegregation of the jewish cemeteries in your. -- in europe. look who we see their. -- see there. the leaders of the biggest countries, germany, spain, italy. and now they are starting to march. >> they are starting to march.

a very powerful image as religious leaders and representatives from france's muslim community -- >> muslim community, jewish community. a number of leaders called on their communities. m burnett france has a strong -- let's remember that france has a strong muslim population. these leaders call other people to take to the street. this is about france, about the world reacting to what happened. it is, i think, an active resistance. >> at this juncture it is extraordinary that you have the israeli prime minister and the palestinian president, and also the jordanian king, marching in close proximity. again, this is a region where there are problematic religious differences, and i think that says a lot about the fact that

these three individuals are -- none of them have raised the problem about the other being there. the fact that they are all standing together, in close proximity, says a lot. one can only hope that it becomes like group therapy where you have the opportunity to bring together individuals and hopefully start some form of dialogue. i think we have reached a turning point. >> on a political level, we haven't seen the russian foreign minister. i believe you somewhere there -- i believe he is somewhere there. you also see poroshenko. it is a very deep conflict between russia and ukraine. maybe something will come out of this, this group therapy. some will say that it is only a political symbol. >> obviously they can be very

important in and of themselves. >> it certainly can be a jumping off point, for something -- >> whenever you are wounded, you have to be healed. the question is what are the scars that are left? there is no doubt that there is an opportunity. there seems to be a major opportunity here. as you pointed out mr. abbas and mr. netanyahu expressed solidarity, and it shows that france has become important in this discourse. i think if we are able to solve in any way, an approach to dialogue and reference of the mideast conflict, we begin with the radicalization of islam. that is certainly one of the reasons that isis and al qaeda

use as a starting point. >> and attacking the west and western powers and their constant involvement in that part of the world. it could be just a symbolic gesture. what comes afterwards? there is no doubt that today is proving to be an important opportunity for the silent majority to find its voice, to say enough is enough in terms of extremism and intolerance. the important thing is will this be a building block for something more substantial? that is where dialogue comes into play. >> if you are just joining us, let's bring those who are just joining us into this conversation. you are looking at pictures of world leaders government heads and heads of states marching together alongside ordinary

parisians, hundreds of thousands, if not more than one million. they are starting their march from place de la republique along a route that will take world leaders and ordinary parisians very close to the site of this week's events. both attack sites at the headquarters of "charlie hebdo" as well as the the seine. you are seeing world leaders arm in arm together, angela merkel and arm with francois hollande. the president of mali -- that has been a country in the spotlight for the past few years. when it comes to fighting al qaeda and the islamic militants. they see the slogan, je suis

charlie, you just caught a glimpse -- we are charlie. it has become a slogan. as the ordinary parisians, people around the world, trying to get grip of what has happened . this is a who's who of international politics. we are seeing the italian prime minister, presidents from around africa we are seeing the president of egypt participating. as well as the president of the european council. he is just coming out there on the right side. >> i added that we also saw some footage of the families of the victims, ones whose lives were

shattered by what happened. they were also walking. it is a very important healing process for the country, for its political class and for the families of the victims of the cartoonists, of the police officers, and of those customers who were killed on friday. >> even this has been traumatic for paris and for all of france, the families and the friends of the victims have paid the steepest price. >> i was just going to say -- it is amazing because on one side of francois hollande you have mahmoud abbas yet benjamin netanyahu -- i think that is the money shot. that is an extraordinary image for the world to see. two individuals who represent

two very different points of view in terms of solving the worst an ongoing problems. it has spilled over here in europe. that is what we saw last week had been in the streets of paris. you have it directly linked to what is going on here in european capitals. i hope that says that a very clear message to many people out there. >> i just want to kick up on something -- she was saying the silent majority is finding his voice when it comes to the tensions that we have in our society. as you were looking at these pictures of world leaders do you think this is going to change something? is there a potential for something good coming out of this? >> that is an excellent question. personally, i think it will be a lot of trouble for the next few weeks.

we are already seeing their divisiveness that exist within the french political community with everything that has been going on with the popular front and how real it -- and help marine le pen has exploited the situation. we don't know what is going to happen. >> "i wasn't invited to this rally and we're not going to participate" -- the leader is taking part in another rally elsewhere. >> it was crazy not to invite her. if there is any moment that ever existed in the last 30, 40 years, this is the moment where france expresses unity with all its people. it is very difficult to know exactly what has happened over

the last couple of days in reference to the jockeying for position, but that is what might happen in the very near future. there are many people of different political backgrounds in what we hope is a crusade for saying that this would be a sign of some future of dialogue. i think that france -- i have a little more confidence in the people of france than i do in the publications of france. >> i wanted to talk about that, the reaction of ordinary french people. if you look away from the international angle of this for just a moment and focus on france the tensions that do exist between communities and france be they jewish, muslim, or christian -- were anything frances when it comes to getting to grips with this, with these issues and these tensions that we are seeing between different communities?

>> i think whenever you see a concern about one particular group, even if it is not a representative member, that member is doing something bad, especially the minority is going to be targeted. we see that in america with the black and mexican communities and we see that here with the muslim and sometimes the jewish community. >> do you think they are at the risk of a backlash? muslims have been very cryptic to condemn the attacks and the acts. >> why should we, in a certain sense, be concerned that muslim leaders condemn what has been done by these two good terrorists? they that were people of the different faith we wouldn't be asking religious leaders to be condemning that because these people represented a certain faith. that is the problem -- the heart of the problem.

i think the muslim community feels, for the most part, that they are very much part of france. i saw a tweet earlier that said "i am not going to apologize for what happened but i'm going to go to the rally because i am french and i want to express my solidarity." there unless the conundrum. -- therein lies the conundrum. it is as if the muslim community is somehow responsible and they are going to retrench. it is how that particular -- today, i think what most people are not muslim and friends are saying is that there are lots of muslims that are rallying and is resting support for the french idea of unity, and this will gain some short-term benefits. >> how do you prevent the muslim

community of france of retrenching? how do you reach out essentially? it is a very difficult question, but something we need to discuss. how do we make sure that everybody is on the same page? >> i think part of it has to do with the media. if the media pays attention -- for example, in america and in france i know muslim leaders meeting with leaders around the world, that are condemning the attacks every day. this is a huge problem within the rules the world. the muslim's feel targeted much more than we feel targeted. >> the reality is that the muslim community globally is a very segmented -- they do not stick with one voice. i think there is a lot of expectation for some sodas

global continuity on what everybody says. it is impossible. i would say that more of the problem is the way in which france deals with immigration. some might argue the whole notion of integration -- the anglo-saxon model of multiculturalism.does it really work ? does there a better way, a more effective way, doing it? the reality of integration is if you speak french, you are french c'est tout. but if you look at immigrant societies, where one diverse upbringing is celebrated, does that make it easier for immigrants to integrate? >> i think it has always been a problem in france. there is a reticence toward the islamic world in general ever since point ca -- ever since poitie.

you have a fear that the muslim world is going to take over europe. you hear it many times and political commentary. this plays a role, the fear of the islamic world. however, it is obvious that in france, the question of integration is always on the lips of politicians but never in the actions. i was speaking yesterday with the french presidential palace, and they think we have gone too far in allowing certain that give it to take place. france should have been mandated by the french ministration. but the other problem is we are talking about two different times. if we are going to somehow, in france begin to integrate the

muslim population, we're talking about a generation. and if we are talking about fighting terrorism and we are talking about measures that need to be taken quickly. going back to something we were discussing earlier, that fight is not just a question of security. we hear -- we have spoken several times today of how the security must have failed, not have been on the tracks. >> but then you have a problem with civil liberties. >> hold that thought. standby. we are going to turn to another guest to his joining us via skype. john bowen works at washington university in st. louis and is with us via skype. i am not sure how much you have been able to follow our discussion. as you are looking at these pictures of the unity rally i just want to gain a sense of

what you think when it comes to how france's dealing with its muslim community. do you think that france is doing a bad >> i have heard about five seconds of the discussion. i think it is important to distinguish between the vast majority of french people who happen to be of the muslim faith, many of whom, a much higher proportion than other french people, feel that they have not been accepted as part of the french republic. there was a recent survey in an urban sensitive zone which showed that nine out of 10 people living there, of immigrant background, felt they were up part of france, but the felt the french people did not think they were part of france. that deals with exclusion, the lack of progress towards ending

discrimination in jobs, and other issues which have to do with people who feel excluded no matter their faith. that is different from the second issue which deals with thousands of people who are being tempted by jihadi recruiters. that calls for other measures. i am thinking of much more attention to training chaplains for the prisons. that is where one of the two brothers was radicalized. the new attempt to head off upstream attempts at radicalizing young french men and women. we have to the sting wish between these issues that have different causes. >> standby just a moment, john. these jurors we are looking at around place de la republique you see dozens of people standing by, lining up as they

take a moment to commemorate the victims of this week's attack. david cameron, next to him the spanish prime minister, the french president and the german prime minister. we need to make the point that there are also friends and relatives of the victims themselves taking part in this rally, alongside muslim leaders. they have come out in force and have called on their supporters to come out in force to basically show that the majority of french muslims do not support in any way shape or form what has been happening throughout the week. john, what do you say to that? do you think france -- what does france need to do to get closer to its muslim population? to bring them into the fabric of society in a progressive

fashion? >> there are no easy solutions. the mechanisms set up to do that , the national council of muslim faith, is a failure at reaching out to people. it has nothing to do with celebrity. intermediate solutions, more schools, a former cia counterterrorism expert says one thing europe needs are many more islamic schools that would teach young men and women about islam not the radical version. that is one thing. let me mention something about the rally, one big force there is the national front. i don't know what the details were, were they not invited? were they disinvited? this is the real danger, one large and growing element in france the national front,

feels itself to be marginalized, is not going to try and take advantage of the situation to recruit more people to join in against immigrants. that is the political factor that will exacerbate the problem of anti-islamic sentiment in france. >> john, as you have been speaking, we have seen the french president greeting visitors who have come out in paris. we saw hollande meeting the nato head, the former norwegian prime minister, the head of the norwegian government at the time of the shootings in 2011, a little bit of a deja vu for him. another painful chapter. chris, i know you want to come in. >> a few things we noticed. behind hollande was the -- his

political archrival sarkozy. regarding marine lepen, she claimed she was not invited. however, no formal invitation was issued to her party. she was received by hollande last week. he made it clear on friday that everybody was welcome, and he even said he would guarantee the security of leaders including that of marine lepen. talking about security this is a tremendous challenge for police and military. can you imagine more than 50 world leaders who haven't been invited -- who have been invited to walk together? it is clear that a number of center-left politicians have

felt increasingly uncomfortable walking with marine lepen. would she be glad, persona non grata? the feeling is that maybe, she is exploiting these events for political purposes. >> john but when, i want to talk to you. there are so met -- many issues to discuss as we look at these pictures from the central paris area where this march is taking place. i want to ask about france's secretary -- secular tradition. the status post to be detached from religion. that is a fundamental principle. what does that mean? is that a complicating factor when it comes to different religious communities and bringing everyone onto the same

page? >> it doesn't have to be at all. i think the best way to understand it is, no preference for one religion over another, an absence of religion from the public political sphere, but at the same time, efforts by the state to make sure that those members of religions who want to worship have places to worship. france is a land of religious freedom. at the same time, it tries to keep a balance and make religion not a part of the public sphere. muslims have no problem with that. muslim leaders i have talked to say they have no problem with this is long as it is enforced in an evenhanded way. that means equal subsidies for catholic and muslim schools. that is no problem. the second point is, they are -- there have been in recent years a number of measures taken, most

recently the burqa ban, seen by many muslims as one more insult directed towards them. these efforts taken to keep mothers wearing headscarves from accompanying school outings is silly. it comes up again and again and muslims see it as an attack. if there would be less of these silly symbolic efforts, and enhancement of secular tradition, i don't think muslims have a problem with that. >> john bowen, socio-cultural anthropology professor. thanks for being with us. we will let you go. let's talk you through these pictures on your screen. nous somme charlie, we are charlie.

it has become a rallying cry. holing -- holding the banner are french political personalities from the right wing politicians to leaders from the socialist party as well, side-by-side shoulder to shoulder in the center of paris. we are seeing hundreds, thousands of people on the streets of the french capital. we will turn now to our reporter, who is watching events unfold on place de la republique , which is where the rally started. is the area starting to empty note that the marches on the way? >> not really. there are so many people here, it is impossible for anyone to move.

very little movement. while the international leaders who have, especially for this march, seem to have made way towards the town hall we have very little movement right here. slowly, although people seem to be moving, around the place de la republique, all the avenues leaving the place are filled. the atmosphere is festive. there are reports of a different, spontaneous route along a cemetery north east of paris. it seems that there's some people who decided to head towards that direction spontaneously, because there are so many people here and it is simply impossible to make way. that shows the success of this

march. the french authorities wanted as many people as possible in the streets of paris tonight. to show their opposition to what happened, to show solidarity and pay tribute to the victims of the tragic attacks that have been taking place here in france since wednesday. it seems that the authorities, the government and the leaders of religious communities, have been heard, because there really is a huge turnout, probably hundreds of thousands of people here, shouting slogans such as je suis charlie viva la france. people waving flags from all over the world. it is quite emotional here for this very special moment in the history of france following the unprecedented attacks that the country just suffered.

>> we can see it on the pictures. we have an aerial shot of place de la republique. >> you can hear the people cheering. you can hear the people cheering. take a look at this. >> take it all in. this is an unprecedented view of the place de la republique, hundreds of thousands of people fill -- filling the streets of paris. i don't think people understand. the streets are usually filled with cars. >> it must be so exhilarating to be there, hearing the shouts around you. now the politicians will probably move away from this, the people will take over. >> we are also seeing the monument there at the central place de la republique, evil have climbed up onto the monument, which often happens

during demonstrations such as these. we see people waving flags the french flag, the norwegian flag, the tunisian flag. it tells the story for -- of how may people from different walks of life are in paris, and have had -- turned out. we saw pictures of the mayor of paris, wearing a blue scarf, holding a banner that says nous ssomme charlie, we are charlie. >> this really did come out of the spontaneous display we saw wednesday evening. i have gone into place de la republique since then. there have always been people there, lighting candles and singing chance and maintaining some sort of vigil. now, what we are seeing is a more organized event.

but it is driven and guided and pushed by the people of paris. it came from the bottom up, as opposed to from the top down. >> it started with 75,000 people on wednesday night after the charlie hebdo attack. >> and the viral #hash tag. >> social media is a part of the story on both sides. not only in terms of what it means to french unity and the aftermath in france, but also what it has meant in terms of the vast growth of radicalization. >> that is an integral element -- >> social media, there is no doubt that the connectedness of the world has given france the possibility to be in the spotlight today around the world. it is also giving them the chance for a lot of other people to think of using it in nefarious ways. >> je suis charlie has become

one of the most popular hashtags in the history of twitter. >> people have sent that slogan to me without knowing how to speak french. >> some of the people here today are saying, je suis charlie. people used to despise charlie. >> these are so emotional, very moving to see. these are staff members of charlie hebdo, being hugged by the french president. very emotional pictures. >> fare in the process of publishing a new edition, that should reach one million copies, which should come out later in the week. >> the outlet is closing ranks to come out with another fresh

addition on wednesday. we are expecting one million copies to be printed. an ordinary copy of charlie hebdo would be printed at 60,000 copies. >> and it will be sold abroad which is extraordinary because that has never happened in the history of the magazine. i think the other thing that has come out of this, as well as teaching the world to say i am charlie in french, is the french word for suburb. the world now sees a different paris. it is the world's most visited capital when it comes to tourists. for many, paris is the eiffel tower the louvre. this has exposed another side of paris. it is a tale of two cities, the center of paris and the aunt --

beyond, into the suburbs. >> my own personal story, over the past few days we have learned that the kouachi brothers and others who were near a big park in northeastern paris, it turns out my son lives next door to the park. of course, suddenly that becomes a very personal story. you realize these guys were forming whatever they were forming within 500 yards of where my son lives. >> in a picturesque park in the northeast of paris known for attracting hipsters. >> it used to be run down but it is now one of the trendiest part of paris. it is also putting charlie hebdo on the map. there is a rich tradition of political cartoons in france, dating back to the french revolution.

in some anglo-saxon countries their caricatures have proven to be controversial. we have to understand that here in france, you may love charlie hebdo, you may hate charlie hebdo, but you respect charlie hebdo. it is part of the french culture, the freedom of speech and publishing cartoons. let's remember that charlie hebdo was never an anti-muslim newspaper. they targeted everyone. in one of their latest issues they had a provocative series called the real life of jesus. they also had cartoons against the jewish leaders. this is part of a very french tradition of political cartoon and these cartoonists were more than cartoonists in the eyes of many french people. they were journalists. that is an important thing. when you look at the targets, we had journalists, police officers and jews. that sums up

the story. >> we now have the french president saying that the army, if need be, will protect jewish sites throughout the city in the coming months. there has been a record number of wrench -- french jews who have immigrated to israel. >> it is also about france's relationship to its muslim community, but we also need to look at france's relationship to its jewish community. that is another hugely important topic that will be discussed. >> i was in jerusalem in 2004 when then israeli prime minister re: l sharon -- ariel sharon, called on french jews to leave france because it was not safe. as a result, at this point, you

see members of the jewish and muslim communities -- >> a famous jewish author who has written a lot on islam. he embodies this dialogue between religions. we have jewish clerics and muslim leaders. >> it is extraordinary to see this moment of silence between jews and their muslim counterparts. >> i am the head of an organization, friendship caravan. one of our purposes is to figure out ways to create a communication being between -- between cultures. the most important aspect is not dialogue per se, because dialogue is a question of giving one's opinion. it is doing things together and accomplishing things together. the fact that we see jewish and

muslim leaders and christian leaders side-by-side doing something, affirming something on behalf of france and on behalf of an antagonism against hatred that exists, i think this is an important symbol. it is also about a feeling of togetherness. the speaker who came on earlier said something important. he said the muslim community here oftentimes feels that there -- they are french, but the other french do not feel that they are french. he is probably correct about that. the other french people here, often feel that the muslims will someday go back home, or they will someday take over france, or that they are antagonistic to france. >> standby, if you are just joining us, it is about the

time 4:04 in the french capital . you are looking at the streets of paris heaving as hundreds of thousands of people have turned out to take a stand against terror. we have seen hundreds of thousands of people, dozens of world leaders, heads of government, come to the french capital to commemorate and remember the victims of this week's attack. this unity march is headed for place de nation not far from where the hostage scene played out. the site where four hostages were killed brutally on friday near a kosher store. rachelle is standing by at place de nation. >> a great many people here, a

lot of people have chosen not to go to place de la republique, where this began. they have decided to come here to place de nation, just an hour ago it was empty here. now, lots of people. i have been speaking to one woman who tells me she has come here, really, to express solidarity with french people. why are you here today? >> i am here because i feel concern. im french, my family came from all around the world. i am a worldwide citizen and i don't accept this barbarie-i don't know the english word. terrorism. all people in france, all people

in europe, need to come together to show we are not terrorism, we are free. that is why i am here. >> thank you. many people here are expressing the same sentiment, solidarity tolerance freedom of expression. you can hear the applause all around, the national anthem is being sung as well, various flags are flying high. a momentum is building up. we are expecting thousands more people today. we know that prime minister has called for more than that. building momentum, slowly but surely here, marcus. >> the rally building momentum at place de nation in east paris.

this should go down for a few more hours. the distance between place de la republique and place de nation is a few hundred kilometers, but it will take a wild to move all these people from one to another. we will come back to you drop the afternoon, as this rally gets closer to place de nation. once again, let's look at these pictures. >> it is very well organized. it was put together on an ad hoc basis. most of these people do not know exactly what they are doing. >> with all the security measures in place, you cannot expect all those people to move within that short. of time -- short period of time. this is an area of paris that is normally full of

traffic. normally, it would take two minutes to go by car from place de la republique to nations. look at that shot. there is a second, alternative group. >> two main groups, indeed. logistically, this is difficult. >> a shut down all the metro stations in that preset -- precinct at lunchtime. people had to walk a fair way to get to the start of the route. >> this is a traditional demonstration route. two very sub -- symbolic squares, republic square with the three iconic words liberte, i can't remember seeing anything

like this. the most recent demonstrations we saw were a year ago. these were polarizing divisive demonstrations against gay marriage. today, we see a completely different story. something that is clearly and visibly united. >> french people are used to turning out in the same numbers as we are seeing today -- >> another important word for people to learn is ma nifestation, protest. it is a rally that crosses boundaries and communities. if you went down there and talk to some of those individuals about their views on gay marriage, you would get a diverse selection of use. this is one thing that, as i keep saying, the silent majority

in this country has finally found its voice. >> it is much to the glory of france. because of these incidents, this is being shown in every country on earth today. in many countries, it is live or special reports are being made on it. what are the people of the world seeing? they are seeing a defiance against terrorism. that is something that, in america, we did not see as concretely as the french are showing right now. there was very little effort to bring in the muslim community into the discourse at that point right after 9/11. we are also seeing an identification of europe. most of the year -- leaders here are from europe or countries that are attached to europe because of colonial ties, or because of conflict. we are talking about mali, nibg erger, israel, areas where they

are linked to europe because of recent past, or there have been terrorist activities, and where france has become a big player. >> as we are watching the rally take place, it feels good to say that this week will have a little bit of a happy ending after what has been a very difficult week in the french capital. at the same time, we need to say that there is an investigation under way when it comes to the attacks this week. for more on the case, and what they should be looking into, a lecture on security at the university of london. thank you, dr. gail, for being with us. were you supply -- surprised to see the attacks play out in paris this week? or was it, to a certain extent,

to be expected? the threat level that we have all been living unto -- under in the past few years if not in the past couple decades. >> i think over the last few months especially,, we have seen a far greater risk of these types of attacks. in the last year, the people who have wanted to do jihadist attacks, they have traveled to syria. strategic leaders are saying stop coming over here. get something closer to where you are coming from. [inaudible] and now, this later -- latest attack in france. >> doing us in thing about these

networks? how much do we know about the networks? the investigation into the attack of the kouachi brothers on charlie hebdo on wednesday seems to focus more and more on yemen and al qaeda in the arabian peninsula. how much do we know about these networks, and what they may be planning? >> we know from previous cases that these people in yemen have encouraged a number of individuals to do terrorism within the west. there were ied's on a plane to detroit, luckily the ied did not work. it would've caused a great deal of fatalities. there was a sort of, a religious leader associated with the group in yemen who until he was

recently killed, called repeatedly for attacks on the west, called for women to engage in attacks. a lot of these individuals radicalize through lectures. >> is it possible to stop these attacks from happening? we have been talking about it here. french police were watching charlie hebdo. the staff were under police protection. and intelligence services cap's tabs on the kouachi brothers. seeing that, it was not possible nonetheless to stop the attacks from happening. the question is, can you stop them from happening? >> i think there are a few things that i need to address. it is a difficult job to detect and prevent these guys.

simply because there are so many individuals. problem is, how do you take the one-to, three individuals, have you detect them? there are an estimated 200 individuals were spent time in syria and returned to france. to follow one individual around-the-clock takes a lot of staff members. it is a difficult job to keep on top of everybody. what intelligence and agencies do, is very similar to what happens in a hospital, where you have a lot of people at risk and you need to triage who needs the most attention. to make those decisions, they rely on fragments of intelligence that are put in front of them.

the globe and mail newspapers have done investigation around the areas where the brothers had lived. it turns out that a neighbor had grown suspicious about the individuals, broke into the apartments, and found a cash a of weapons. when he broke into the apartment, the brothers found him, threatened him and told him not to go to the police. had that intelligence gone to the police, there is no doubt in my mind that they would've acted. but without the information, the police were acting with her tied -- their hands tied behind their back. >> a question that has been raised is the fact that the americans put the kouachi brothers on a no-fly list,

although surveillance on them had been reduced in recent years. obviously, this raises the issue of sharing information between various intelligence bodies. do you think that is likely to improve? >> a common thread happens in the aftermath of every high-profile terrorist attack in the west, where parliamentary reports are on intelligence failings. the number one recommendation every time is that we need to communicate more. communication suggestions communicating transnational he, the united states and france. sometimes, it can be communicating between different departments, police, intelligence, mental health services, different service providers. a lot of the time, when we look at these cases, all of the information is there, but it has not in knitted together and

centralized in one area. communication is key. >> dr. paul gill from the university college, london. i want to thank you for being part of our coverage. talking through some news we are getting here now and the wire, we are getting information that at least half a million people have turned up in the streets of paris this sunday. you can see that information at the bottom of your screen. this, as we look at pictures from place de la republique, the location where the rally started this sunday. a little bit more than an hour ago. obviously, there are a lot of people there. that person is being taken away. there are a lot of people on the place de la republique right

now, it is natural that that would happen. we will go to one of our reporters following all of this, mark o when -- owen is at a location overlooking place de la republique. mark, what are you seeing? >> parisians have a reputation for being unfriendly, but my camera man and i have been invited up to the fourth for apartment of a family who is pleased to be part of this event. showing the images just to the side of me it is a remarkable crowd. it is starting to thin in some points a little bit. what that hides is, the other side is completely jammed. there are people backed up there for what seems like a kalama to her. it is somewhere around 500,000

people, but that maybe conservative. multinational is possibly the best word to use. flags from all countries different action -- accents voices languages. people crying out, long live peace. and, je suis charlie, and other slogans. things moving very slowly over here. every now and then chart -- chants breakout. if you know paris, you know that place de la republique is normally packed with traffic. you have the media events over here, the leading voices chanting on the statue in the middle. on the other side, you may see the ranks of people carrying

flags from ukraine, canada, turkey, and most of all, the flag of france, which is everywhere. >> thanks, mark. i know you will continue to follow the rally from your vantage point. i want to thank you, for now. i do not know if you are able to spot individuals on -- our reporter on place de la republique, let's go to her now. >> as mark said, you have the avenues filled with people. the march started from place de la republique. the avenues leading to place de la republique are filled with people. people are moving, but slowly. security was of the utmost concern obviously, because of the presence of international

leaders. some a famous of -- heads of state. reports are, five to -- 500,000 people in the streets of paris. there are at least 5000 policemen deployed inside paris, all around place de la republique. there should be many more, at least 150 undercover taking care of heads of state who have come with their own security. i can tell you we have also seen her's fly above -- helicopters fly above place de la republique. we have been told by the minister of interior that there are snipers on the roofs just in case something happens. now, people are slowly moving. it will take time, given the

amount of people who are here. who wanted to be part of this historic moment, this republican march. it is right -- rather emotional on the statue at place de la republique, you have french people, some of which are north african descent, waving algerian moroccan flags. they are chanting with the crowd, saying, who are you? and the whole crowd says, we are charlie. there is a group of young people on the statue with a banner saying, we are french, we are muslim, and we want to show our solidarity with charlie hebdo. clearly, the muslim community wants to show the world that they have no links with the fanatics who carried out these

unprecedented attacks on france. unprecedented attacks -- for decades, france has had the largest muslim community. this is a serious issue. a lot of french people were worried that the recent attacks would only increased tensions between communities. this march is designed to prove the opposite, to show the world that france is united and there is a real sense of solidarity, that started right after wednesday's attack on charlie hebdo headquarters. i witnessed these rallies people with candles banners singing, chanting. this is the continuation of those rallies. clearly, and emotional moment for the french. i am from this neighborhood, and

i have never seen so many people not even when france won the world cup. this is a historic day for france. >> we could arguably say this is a more important event to come out for. thank you very much, clovis. we have seen people passing behind cxllovis, hundreds of thousands of people are on the street in paris. we are getting reports from all around france that hundreds of thousands of people have turned out in french cities across the nation. i am looking at one line from marseilles, thousands have turned out there. we are also getting news from

the southwest of france, according to authorities there more than 100,000 people have turned up. i am receiving a line from the news agency that altogether, if we discount paris on this day, more than 600,000 people have come out across this nation to basically express their disgust with the attacks that have played out this week, and to come out in defense of principles like freedom of the press. speaking of freedom of the press , joining us in the studio, she is following events as they develop online. as we have discussed this has turned into a social media story from certain -- from a certain perspective. je suis charlie has become a popular hashtag. tell us what

you are hearing and seeing on social media. >> in addition to the hundreds of thousands of people all over france and in paris, there are even more that i'm not here, that are behind computers, on their smartphones, tweeting and uploading things onto the internet. let's start with the hashtag what of the most popular in france as we speak, 100 hashtags coming in every few seconds. photos of the demonstrations, someone here saying i don't think i have ever seen so many people gathered to march for something. people are touched by what is going on. many people in other countries using the hashtag to expect -- express solidarity. the hashtag je suis charlie was

rumored to be the most popular hashtag in twitter history, that is not true but it has been used a lot since wednesday. another one, je suis ahmed. ahmed is one of the police officers killed in the massacre on wednesday. he was french and muslim. this user is posting, i might not agree with what you have to say, but i will fight your -- four you're right to say it. one of the things that many people continue to be upset about are the content of the cartoons that were published on charlie hebdo. they were not meant unanimously although many are for freedom of speech sometimes they still managed to upset people. >> i've been hearing from people

through the week saying, i don't actually agree with charlie hebdo and what they have done and their cartoons, but i can support them and their right to put them out. >> exactly. i have chosen three of the charlie hebdo cartoons that were controversial, one of the left in pink, the prophet mohammed saying, i cannot deal with the fundamentalists. he is saying, it is hard to be loved by idiots. the one in the middle, charlie hebdo as a person making out love is stronger than hate. the third one is the prophet mohammed, or a muslim, saying, wondered -- 100 lashings. >> there is also a lot of focus when it comes to international

leaders that are present. dozens of them. >> a lot of people are surprised by some of them, especially -- and their presence there. we have this photo that has been making the rounds, the president comforting angela merkel. another photo, a cartoon that has the international march, hundreds of people in line marching along and you have their determination, breaking guns in front of them, pushing away the trigger and the gun is right there. that is another strong image right there. >> it is important to note that charlie hebdo has been mocking -- has been putting out cartoons

of a lot of political leaders as well. it is not only the prophet mohammed that has been satirized in charlie hebdo and by charlie hebdo. we have seen a lot of cartoons of hollande, he has been the but of many jokes. >> a slate article, there is an article here that takes a look at the reporters without borders report looking at freedom of expression. it says, a lot of the leaders of the country's present or not the best at freedom of speech back home. a lot of the countries where it is difficult, we have this map here, this is a reporters without borders map. it is in french, but in white, a good situation. it goes all the way down to very serious. >> the message here, white means

good and black means -- >> the colors are controversial. i agree. let's look at the leaders present today. you have this map among the country's present there is the united arab emirates greece, gabon, and israel. the situation is difficult in those countries. you have somewhere, the marker is black, it is very difficult according to the report. we have -- representatives from jordan, mali, turkey. >> the hashtag je suis charlie has spread around the world over the past two days. >> it is even a smartphone app. you can download it for free on the apple app store or on google

play. it was paid for by apple in part. it is a simple app. you upload it onto your phone -- i put it on my phone. you open the application, and basically, you upload your location onto a map. it shows you a map of all the others, all the other people who have uploaded je suis charlie. it has 11,700. it came out only a day ago. it is around the world -- as you move the map around, and if it loads, i looked earlier and we have some in western europe. >> what is the most popular twitter hashtag of all-time? >> i looked for it, i am afraid it is something like lol. something very basic, for teenagers.

i would like to end with speaking of apps, there was a timely article especially for news channels that cannot get in touch with people on the ground at demonstrations, how'd you find people when you are in a sea of people, 100,000 people? this article on this website talks about fire chat, a messaging system that does not use the internet. in fact, if you remember, fire chat is what people used in hong kong during the umbrella movement. the second piece of advice is not to use the 3g network. go on to the two g network or 4g network. >> every newsroom needs one of those. for our