building in. sony is another one of them that has android tv's. sharp is another one. there will probably be more vendors coming out with it. so that's an exciting thoing watch this year. as streaming becomes more and more main stream and it's going to have to because that's the only way to watch 4k right now, that's going to be a really important component of tv's is what they're running under the hood. >> >> you want to show is a sharp tv. >> this is sharp in two ways. it is a four k tv. you can see how sharp that is. four k is sharp. this is taking it to another level. what they are showing here is 8k footage on a four k tv. four k is probably future proof.

if you want to buy a tv that is 20 years future proof, here you go. it looks 3-d and it is not 3-d. it is just so sharp, the contrast is so realistic, it looks real. >> is that on the market today? i think it is second half this year. it is going to be expensive. >> the set is $6,000. this is going to be more than 6000 red >> probably around 10,000 red this is a look at what is going to be mainstream down the line. that is what i find exciting. looking into the future if you will. >> tim moynahan, wired magazine. tim: do you want to penny back? >> the communicators is on location in las vegas for the

annual ces annual consumer technology show. if you are interested in seeing more of our program, you can go to c-span.org. [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. visit ncicap.org] >> c-span. created by america's cable companies 35 years ago and brought to you as a public service. >> tonight, the communications director of twitter providing a view of the operations and philosophy. here are portions of his remarks. gabriel: for those of you who are less familiar with twitter

one of the things that has made it inc. is we support pseudonyms. unlike other platforms which require you to give your identity, because we allow pseudonyms support if you go into cases like the arab spring, it turns out if you want to take down the man, it is a lot easier to do so if you don't have to say here is exactly who i am and my real identity. the flipside is, if you do not have to give your actual identity, it makes it easier for you to express yourself in i would say less constructive ways. not bringing down an oppressive regime but potentially just controlling and abusive ways. that is the tricky balance. we are grappling with it. our ceo had an internal e-mail leaked out. it is something where we are

trying to figure out what are the ways to preserve the beauty of the platform as an incredible vehicle for free expression well at the same time having boundaries that prevent people from engaging in what is at its core abusive behavior. >> discussion about twitter and free-speech posted by the university of california berkeley. you can watch it tonight at 8:30 p.m. eastern. >> now isis rears their ugly head and the army is shaky. you should not be surprised by that. you cannot undo decades of saddam and soviet era stufff with eight years. afghanistan, according to the present's -- president's

announcement, we have 10,000 troops and we are going to draw down to 5000 year. i would warn we will probably see a similar result in afghanistan. the afghanistan army will be shaky without u.s. help. >> army lieutenant daniel bolger. sunday night at 8:00 eastern and pacific on c-span's q and a. >> next, remarks from interior secretary salazar -- sally jewell. she spoke at an event held by the center for strategic and international studies. this is close to one hour. [applause] >> thank you, charlie.

bennett, where are you? we worked on the second commission on national parks. it is great to see you here. you are even more green than i am. thank you, for that introduction. thanks to the centers for strategic & international studies for inviting me to be here today. i appreciate everything this organization does to advance a bipartisan dialogue about some most pressing issues of our time. thanks to the audience for being here today. there is no better way to celebrate saint patty's day than to talk energy policy. welcome to the best party this afternoon. we have had a breakthrough year for the u.s. economy. as president obama reminded us in his state of the union address, companies are creating jobs faster than at any time

since 1999. graduation rates are at record levels. our economy has emerged from recession with a stronger, more stable foundation. it is no coincidence that our economic recovery has been accompanied by the biggest energy transformation of our lifetime. the energy revolution we experienced in these last six years helped spur the recovery but it has also been accelerated by the policies our country put in place. since 2008, american oil production has surged from 5 million to 9 million barrels per day. our dependence on foreign oil has fallen to its lowest level in more than 30 years. solar energy has increased tenfold. wind energy has tripled since 2008. that has been helped by private sector investment and a tax policy that moved these

investments off the sidelines. families are driving farther than ever on a tank of gas. with lower gas prices, the average household will have a n extra $750 in their pockets in 2015. these shifts in the u.s. energy markets are not marginal or temporary. they are tectonic shifts. from a business perspective, these changes are going to present both challenges, risks and opportunities for industry. i can promise you that every ceo of an energy business out there is reassessing the plans they had on the books a year ago. they are asking, especially today, how do falling oil and gas prices affect us? do we need to diversify? can we capitalize on consumers' growing demands for smarter homes and cleaner cars? the tectonic shifts are forcing governments at every level to face questions of the same

magnitude. can we adapt, in this fast-changing environment? it is tough. how do we modernize our energy programs to anticipate the new energy future? are we doing what is needed for the u.s. to lead the world in energy? this is a speech about energy, but you cannot talk about energy without talking about climate change, and that is good. it is one of the reasons i left the private sector for this job, not just to talk about climate change and do what you could do within the bounds of a country but to do something about it on a much bigger scale. i am proud to work for a president who is taking historic, meaningful steps to cut dangerous carbon pollution. so as a person entrusted with america's biggest land management portfolio, i also have to ask myself questions like, what are we doing to achieve a low carbon future? are we striking the right

balance between conservation and development? what measures do we need in place for our land, water, and our climate today to protect the families of tomorrow? as ceo of rei -- not a public company. any members out there? probably a few. so you own the company. i need to pay attention to the current year's earnings, but i needed to make long-term decisions to make sure our business is profitable 10, 20, 30 years down the line. i was chatting with frank and charlie about how my colleagues at rei, what the impacts are long-term. you do as a business have to think long term. that is the same balance i have to have a secretary of the interior. managing our resources to help

drive the nations economy without taking our i often the america we want to hand to our children. the fact is, i know we all share a desire for a cleaner and more secure energy future. but getting there is complex and many thoughtful people will disagree over the right path forward. right, charlie? today i want to talk about the path we are forging at the department of interior. put simply, our task by the end of this administration is to put in place commonsense reforms that promote good government and helped define the rules of the road for america's energy future on our public land. these reforms should help businesses produce energy more safely and with more certainty. they should encourage technological innovation. they should ensure american taxpayers are getting maximum benefits from their resources. they should apply our values and our science to better protect and sustain our planet for future generations.

after all, as my colleague secretary kerry, said last week, there is no planet b. that was clever, too. over the past six years the obama administration has launched the most ambitious reform agenda in the department's history. we found how a drill-everywhere plan does not work very well if half the lease sales are challenged or overturned in court. so we put in place on short leasing reforms to engage with the public about where it does or does not make sense to develop. through smarter planning, we're seeing reduced cost and litigation and more certainty for industry. in 2009, renewable energy was knocking on our door, but there was no clear path forward. my predecessor, ken salazar, set up a strike team to get the most promising projects across the finish line and to establish an

enduring renewable energy program at the department. he did a great job. that legacy is a gift that keeps on giving. in the span of six years, we have approved 52 commercial-scale projects on public lands across the west. together, that is 14,000 megawatts of renewable energy that, when built, will produce enough energy to power over 4 million american homes. let me put that in perspective. how many of you have visited hoover dam or glen canyon dam? quite a number of you. 14,000 megawatts is roughly equivalent to the clean hydropower the bureau of reformation produces through 53 facilities. this is huge.

offshore, we have also made sweeping reforms for safe and responsible development in the wake of the devastating deepwater horizon oil spill. we have raised the bar through new standards for well design, blowout prevention. we have overhauled federal oversight by restructuring ourselves to provide independent regulatory agencies that have a clear mission and are better resourced to carry out our work and keep pace with the rapidly evolving industry. but our work is not done. there are still areas where we need to change how we do this. so the united states can better compete and lead the world when it comes to energy and climate change. our reform agenda over the next two years has three goals. safe and responsible energy development, good government and encouraging innovation. i will start with safe and responsible energy development.

it is pretty simple. we do not have the right measures in place to protect the communities we live in, the air we breathe, and the water we drink, we all lose. the critical path to sustain resource development north america includes effective regulation and a commitment of industry and regulators, industry and regulators, to continue its improvement in practices to eliminate or minimize environmental risk. sounds like the interior department, right? but it was not. the national petroleum council largely made up of industry. many get this not only helps minimize risk, but it is critical to building the public confidence necessary to sustain our energy revolution. many of the regulations on the books have not kept pace with the advances in technology. they are the same ones that were

in place when i was working on drilling and fracking operations in oklahoma more than 30 years ago. 30-year-old regulations. that is why in the coming days we will release a final rule related to hydraulic fracturing or fracking on public lands. it will include measures to protect our nation's groundwater, requiring operators to construct sound wells, to disclose the chemicals they use, and to safely recover and handle fluids used in the process. some have already labeled these baseline standards as overly burdensome to industry, but i think most americans would call it commonsense standards only apply to activity on public and tribal lands, where as a matter of geology listening to my friends at the u.s. geological survey, about 25% of america's unconventional oil and gas sits. you can all do the math. three quarters of the resources are found on state and private lands. so the responsibility for

developing this energy safely must now be taken up in state capitals and engineering labs and in boardrooms across the country. we owe it to our kids to get this right. if we do, we can continue to grow our economy as we work to protect our water, our air, and our communities. interior will continue to do its part. in the coming months, we will propose standards to cut methane emissions. leaky pipes -- apparently it smelled like natural gas in here a few hours ago. methane is the third-largest source of greenhouse gas emissions. it traps 20 times as much heat as carbon dioxide over the course of the century. but this powerful greenhouse gas is routinely released during energy development. in fact, above northern new mexico, where there is more than

40,000 gas wells, satellite images show a methane plumes the size of delaware. we will update our decades-old standards to encourage the kind of infrastructure and technology that companies i have met with have deomonstrated can reduce harmful emissions and capture the national gas as a source of energy and revenue for the american people. when i was last there, i was shown a device that was going to be used to recover some of that natural gas right after a well had been completed. the just skid mounted it. it was not working yet. i guarantee now it is not only working but they have ordered a couple more. further addressing the impact of energy development, we are also modernizing the way cold operation -- the way cold -- coal companies protect water sources. in the gulf of mexico, there is the expansion of existing fields.

in the next two years, 13 fields are expected to start up. offshore production is projected to steadily increase, reaching 1.6 million barrels per day in 2016. as we continue to make vast areas available, tomorrow i'm heading to new orleans, where we are offering 41 million acres in the gulf of mexico. safety remains our top priority. we cannot forget the lessons of the deepwater horizon tragedy or or building sweeping reforms that i mentioned earlier will propose a rule in the coming weeks that raises the bar on a blowout preventers. operators will be required to use best practices to protect against and effectively respond to any loss of well-controlled. in the arctic, we just released

a proposal to make sure that any oil and gas exploration offshore alaska is subject to strong standards and specifically tailored to the region's challenging and unforgiving conditions. we know the arctic is a sensitive environment. it has sustained alaska natives and their culture for thousands of years and we cannot afford to get it wrong. when it comes to these reforms i recognize there will be pushed back from various corners -- no surprise. i also appreciate the importance of the oil and gas sector and am committed to its ongoing success. but i strongly believe that they are not only achievable with modern technology and science, but absolutely critical to upholding public trust to responsibly develop our national resources. second, when it comes to reforms, we need to improve the way we do business as the federal government, plain and simple. part of that means ensuring the american taxpayer is getting a

fair return for the use of natural resources on their public lands. i think most americans would be surprised to know that coal companies can make a winning bid for one dollar per ton to mine taxpayer owned coal. the government accountability office, our own inspector general, and members of congress from both sides of the aisle agree the federal coal program needs reform. we need to ask ourselves, are taxpayers and local communities getting a fair return from these resources? how can we make it more transparent? how do we manage the program that is consistent with climate change objectives? these are hard questions, but it is time for an honest and open conversation about modernizing the federal coal program. in the coming weeks -- [applause] thanks.

in the coming weeks we will also take public comment on a proposal to give the bureau of land management the flex ability to adjust royalty rates on the oil and gas resources that belong to all of us. this is important, especially given the dramatic growth of oil production on public and tribal lands. production is increased in each of the past six years, and overall combined production from public and tribal land was up 81% in 2014 compared to 2008. it is not just about royalty rates. in 2015, incredibly, we are still processing a majority of our oil and gas permits by paper and have about 150 inspectors out who are responsible for inspecting 100,000 oil and gas wells spread across millions of acres of public and tribal land . that is a lot of territory, and

it means we are not able to do our job effectively. to carry out our mission and be a better partner to industry, we need resources. the president's budget calls on congress to support a strong onshore inspection program partly funded through fees. this proposal takes a page from the offshore energy industry. which means we can keep pace with the workload and we do not have to divert funds from other programs. these budget resources will significantly strengthen the blm's capacity to do its job well. it is a perfect example in the

budget where congress needs to move beyond mindless austerity brought about by sequestration -- and i can tell you, my first year in the job was 2013. i thought, i left the private sector for this? crazy budget. but this enabled us to move beyond sequestration and make a smart investment in the future in infrastructure and innovation. that means investing in safe and responsible energy production but also protecting our critical landscapes and our wildlife and habitats. when it comes to good government, where working to provide stability to industry by identifying on a landscape level where it makes sense for them to develop and where not to develop. to that end, we're taking a targeted leasing approach in offshore frontiers. we have onshore plans to open up access in the right place at the recognize there are some places we do not want to develop. we have done that in the

national petroleum reserves in alaska, where we have made nearly 12 million acres available for oil and gas available. there are valuable oil and gas resources that companies can explore and bring to market, and we are facilitating that. predictability also means identifying places that are too special to drill. we are talking about places with rich cultural resources or key wildlife habitat or outdoor recreational activities. that matters to our economy and our future. i am talking about places at the doorstep of utah's national parks, north dakota's theodore roosevelt national park, or the coastal plain of the arctic national wildlife refuge. not only should we -- [applause] thank you. not only should we actively avoid damaging special or sensitive places, but we should permanently protect some areas

for their conservation values. future generations of americans deserve to enjoy those incredible places just like we do. we are using this comprehensive landscape level approach for renewable energy, too, because all energy development has its consequences. we have to be thoughtful about it. we have mapped out 20 zones across the west where solar potential is high and other conflicts are low. because of the early planning work, companies will see faster planning times. previous projects often took two years to complete. offshore, we are identifying energy areas that will allow the nation to capture the huge potential of wind along the atlantic. it is windy along the atlantic. i have been there.

we can do that without compromising fishing recreation, national security, the environment, when we are smart about planning upfront. we have held four successful auctions where industry has competitively bid to develop offshore wind farms. we now have 800,000 acres offshore on commercial lease. the third and last reform i will talk about today is making sure that our country is positioned to encourage innovation and be competitive in a global economy. america is both blessed with diverse national resources and more importantly, the human capital to develop new and better ways to harness them. as the united states is a leader in unconventional oil extraction and is now the top producer of natural gas, there is no reason we should not also be the top producer of solar power and wind power. why not?

let's do it. the department of energy has for decades been a key player in research and development, things like directional drilling and tools to assess oil and gas potential. technologies that help spur our recent energy boom. today the deals of investing in innovative technologies that make energy production cleaner more efficient, finding ways to make solar more cost-effective. i worked with those incentives when i was a banker, and i was surprised to find out they are still in place. 35 years later. the credits may have made sense at the time, but i am not sure they make sense for as mature as is this industry. we need to look at that.

we need congress to make tax credits for renewable energy long-term and predictable instead of allowing sunsets and stutter steps that create so much uncertainty for businesses and manufacturers. many enlightened states spurred the growth of clean energy through renewable energy standards. when you talk about creating jobs and growing the economy this is the kind of action that congress can take that will move billions of dollars of capital investments into the clean energy economy. our nation's policy should accelerate american innovation and entrepreneurism. renewable energy tax credits carbon reduction targets, and thoughtful regulations that incentivize clean technology are a few ways we can get there. i talked about our reform agenda from my perspective as secretary

of the interior, responsible for representing the interests of all taxpayers on their public lands. i am also a grandmother. my responsibility to my grandchildren's generation is at the top of my mind with every decision we make. i am determined to help make energy development safer and more environmentally sound in the next two years. it is why i believe that new energy development should be matched with new protections for land and water. it is why we must do more to cut greenhouse gas pollution that is warming our planet. i see the cost of changing climate everywhere i go. recently i was in alaska. coastal erosion there threatens to wipe out an entire native village, and it is one of several that is in danger. in the marshall islands, where i was in 2013, they have to sandbag the airport runway to keep the rising ocean from washing it away. i got an e-mail last night from

the assistant secretary for insular affairs, who said that just the tides in some areas of the marshall islands are making some inhabited areas uninhabitable. one storm could wipe out 15,000 people who share 80 acres right now with average elevation that is just a few feet. right here at home, across this country, communities are facing more extreme wildfires. we saw some of them in the news last night. bigger storms, devastating droughts. disappearing wildlife. and rising economic damages. we are already adjusting our land management strategies for the impact of climate change. but we also need to do more, and we can, to address the causes of climate change. helping our nation cut carbon pollution should inform our decisions about where we develop, how we develop, and what we develop.

president obama has rightly described climate change as the single most pressing energy and environmental challenge of our time. but he is also right that we are in a moment of remarkable opportunity and promise. in the state of the union, he said we have risen from the recession freer to write our own future than any other nation on earth. it is now up to us to choose who we want to be over the next 15 years and for decades to come. i share the president's believe that the u.s. should lead the world on energy, climate, and conservation. to accomplish this, we need to encourage innovation and provide clear rules for the road, and make balanced decisions. every day -- think about this phrase -- we do not inherit the earth from our ancestors, we borrow it from our children. we do not inherit the earth from our ancestors, we borrow it from our children. my job is to take the long view.

it is what the american public expects of us, and it is what we all know the next -- it is what we all owe the next generation. thank you. [applause] >> thank you, secretary jewell. let me allay some of your fears. i am frank verrastro. the gas leak was on 17th and m. but if we do have to, being on the second floor, the back door take you to an alleyway.

i should have said that in advance. way to get the crowd warmed up. madame secretary, i got my start in the federal government at the age of four in the interior department, so i have an affinity for the oil and gas office there. you and charlie talked about the trade-offs, especially at interior, where you are charged with environmental stewardship. how do you reconcile -- what are the trade-offs and balances -- because i am not sure the public has a full appreciation for what goes on. interior sec. jewell: the american public has an amazing capacity for the truth. when you explain the trade-offs and engage communities in the process, you end up with pretty smart thinking about where we need to go there is so, we have

done a fair amount of engaging with communities on landscape level planning, where the areas make sense to develop, for the industry, where the areas have the most potential, and how we can help steer development to the right places and avoid the wrong places. the worst thing i think we can do for industry as well as for the country is to make hasty decisions that are not well thought through and end up in court. it slows everything down, and there was a fair amount of that that was inherited. my husband is not happy that all of the lawsuit in the department of interior there my last name or most of the, or that they bear my last name. what is the right balance and what is at stake? i think we have made some important progress in that area of engaging the public so that

they trust the decisions that have been made more than before and they recognize that there are balances and trade-offs, and that has enabled us to avoid conflict. we are also building understanding for the very real conflicts that do exist. mr. verrastro: and you talk about, in addition to the outreach, the technology has moved over an extraordinary time, over the last five years. but the budget, i am sure you are keenly aware of the restrictions on budget ability -- the regulations are lined up with the best thinking of the day and the best practices as they are put in place? interior sec. jewell: i think we are doing that, and i think it is very important. a lot of the regulations right now were created in the 1980's. in the early 1980's as when i was in the oil and gas industry

directly. they haven't changed, but the technology has gone miles. you want regulations that can adapt with new technologies, and that is what we are doing in a lot of the regulatory work that we are doing now to update these things. i used the quick example about oil and the skid mounted unit to capture natural gas and natural gas limits when the pressure is high after they complete a well. we are listening to technologies like that as we formulate the methane capture strategies. for capturing methane, what you need is a gathering system and gas processing plant. it takes time to put those in place, and you have pressure issues that are very complicated to deal with early on in that well's production life. we want to learn and figure out what is practical, when it might apply, how practical is it to apply across the networks.

likewise in offshore, a tremendous amount of work has been done post-deepwater horizon. that accident really hurt the oil and gas industry. it hurt every producer out there. it certainly hurt the gulf states and i think it horrified the nation, but it inspired a lot of soul-searching on what went wrong. a lot of human error involved, a lot of not paying attention to the technologies that were there, and that to a certain extent went with the safety culture. we were not structured to provide the kind of support can focus on safety as distinct from leasing as distinct from revenue. so all of those things are factoring in to how we are updating our regulations.

when you look at the well control work we have done, that is embracing technology that industry has, but also embracing industry in the gulf of mexico saying that we need better containment. there are two different organizations, consortiums of oil and gas companies that have resources to build technology to address well control. those are the kinds of ways of working with industry so that our regulations match what they are able to do and so they are able to progress over time. mr. verrastro: this whole notion that you can expand best practices internationally and be a leader, whether it is the gulf of mexico or offshore cuba and the opportunities that present for the united states, and also in the arctic? interior sec. jewell: that is exactly right. my deputy secretary is in the gulf of mexico right now. he is working on water and energy.

we have an agreement that will take into account the oil and gas resources that know no international boundaries. we are working closely with them, sharing practices, making sure that the gulf at large is protected in the future. we have learned a lot of lessons since the gulf oil spill. we have learned a lot in the arctic, and we have a lot more to learn. russia is developing. canada will be developing. china is poking around. we need to know what we are doing. mr. verrastro: there is an npc study that this whole notion that if other arctic nations develop the resources as well, if we are a bit of a laggard on that, what if that happens? sometimes more is more in terms of capability, shoreline backup systems, staging systems, coast

guard defense capability as well. it is a bigger geopolitical issue. interior sec. jewell: i think that is exactly right. later this year the transition occurs. my colleague brian salerno -- where are you, brian? brian came from the coast guard. we need to make sure that our arctic response capabilities search and rescue capabilities safety, environment, all those things are solid and in place. it has been well documented through challenges that they had in the 2012 drilling season -- we are talking about harsh conditions. we are not talking about the gulf of mexico. we wanted to know how to do it right. i will also say that many of the companies that may the interested in development in the u.s. arctic are also companies that have developed in other parts of the arctic.

exxon mobil i believe is doing work with russia. we need to know what we are doing. to the extent that there is development there, and strong potential, we want to make sure the resources are there to drill and contain the spill if there is a spill. it is not a problem as much in the gulf, but you have a lot of -- it is a long way, a lot of time, and there is a much shorter season because of ice. lots to learn, and i think it is important that as companies show interest, as they have with the leases that have occurred, that we do it right. mr. verrastro: talking about climate change, and the focus on it by the administration in the interior department, so that when you look at energy production and renewables, how do you decide where there are areas that should lease -- primary spots that you think would be good for wind energy offshore?

what is the process within interior? interior sec. jewell: first it starts with science. where are the areas that are consistently windy? and then, where it is consistently windy, what other attributes might that area have? is it a critical bird flyway? is it close to transmission? is it right in somebody's view? we have to think about all of those things. offshore wind, 800,000 acres now on lease, and we have deconflicted that before we put those areas up for lease. where is the merchant marine conflicting activities? can you see these future wind turbines, and will that bother anybody? yes. usually. mr. verrastro: that is the short answer.

interior sec. jewell: so we need to de-conflict and say these are the lowest conflict but high potential. there are national parks with oil and gas resources. that is not the place we should be developing them. i do not believe we should go oil and gas in the arctic national wildlife refuge. the president agrees. that is the recommendation we are making to congress. this is applying science understanding other uses of the land, the impact of the energy development, and trying to chart a course forward that says let's go to the areas where there is limited or no conflict. so we are working in moab, utah, with mass releasing plans, and we are engaging local communities in that effort. we have done it in the national petroleum reserve, we are doing it in the california desert.

it is really working. and the community is engaged. mr. verrastro: those are good solutions. when i was in the private sector, there was one proposal to encase the offshore rigs with members so that they would not be visual pollutants. we thought that was a bad idea. one of the reasons we invite you all, is that the secretary has agreed to take some questions from the floor. we have some simple rules. one is to wait for the microphone. pose your question in the form of a question with some voice inflection at the end, and then identify yourself and your organization. any questions? wow, you are good. all the way in the back. >> my name is andrew. i have a question about the department's initiatives on

forest restoration and energy opportunities, lesser-known energy opportunities and innovation. interior sec. jewell: thank you very much for your question. there is a lot of work going on in usda and the u.s. forest service, which is not part of the department of interior, but it is an important potential. because of climate change, just a few degrees difference have caused a proliferation of the mountain pine beetle. which, if you are a westerner, you fly over or drive through these landscapes, it is astounding how much standing dead timber there is. there is fuel potential in that timber, and this is something that the secretary has been working on with his team. it is a matter of economics, how you make it economic to harness that for energy development or for manufacturing wood products or otherwise. it is certainly an important part of the equation.

i will also say that i have visited the national renewable energy lab, which is a doe facility, and there is incredible research going on in biomass energy development. more of that is with raw materials like switchgrass, but it also includes wood products. there is a potential of doing that, and i think the research absolutely is critical to continue. it is not yet being done on an economic scale, but it is only a matter of time. it is a good illustration where the right type of incentives -- just in the 30-plus years i have been in the industry, i think they were replaced long before that. we can learn a lot from the science, and that is a big part of where i think we have the opportunity to go. mr. verrastro: so on the economic side -- put your rei

hat back on as well as your government had. prices, as fees or economic structures change -- for companies who are struggling can you be flexible in how you or this incentivize people from doing things in certain places? interior sec. jewell: i have a great rei example for you. rei was very concerned about being a company that supported human powered outdoor active recreation, and yet having a carbon footprint ourselves. we wanted to go about understanding that carbon footprint, figuring out where is the low hanging fruit and reducing it. one of the areas is energy consumption. we went about figuring out what were our dirtiest markets? which stores used high carbon producing sources of energy?

so we took that and we married that with the potential that local utilities had for green power. we locked in green power supply contracts to give those utilities certainty that they had a market for that green power. we signed up for long-term contracts. those contracts were more expensive than buying conventional energy, but it was something we were committed to doing. but that was in 2007. when oil prices ran up, at the end of the day, those contracts ended up being much better for us economically because we locked in several years at a time when oil and gas prices were high and electricity rates went up. it is an illustration where we as a business could help support renewable energy. now, the states typically the

at have those renewable facilities were states where there was some kind of renewable energy standards. it was not a tax credit, it was an expectation that utilities would have a certain percentage. so it basically is a requirement that they developed it. if you marry that incentive, if you will, or expectation from a state with a willing buyer -- and there are lots of willing buyers who want to reduce their carbon footprint -- you have a situation that drives the cost down for those technologies because more people get into it. i have other examples with the company on where we put solar panels. and which ones we used and which states they went to. it has everything to do with national and state incentives to support energy development. we accelerated. i think we did 11 stores one year because the tax credits would expire at the end of the year. which is kind of a crazy way to do things -- very difficult to plan that way, but that is how these stutter steps that i talked about have worked with tax incentives on renewables.

mr. verrastro: i will not put you on the spot to say when a carbon tax gets put in place. we have a question on the front row. >> my name is todd. i am with advocates for the west ♪ in d.c. i'm intrigued with the conflicting energy development and conservation. i am wondering if you have had a chance to review a recent letter from 11 scientists to you, noting that it appears the agency is abandoning science-based conservation for more elastic, subjective measures. interior sec. jewell: how many know what a sage grouse is? quite a few. let me just, for those who did not raise their hand, let me bring you up to speed.

there is a species that is under consideration for listing under the endangered species called greater sage grass. the major parties we have ecosystems across the american west that are at risk for a number of different factors. we think about the redwood forest in california as old-growth forest. we think about my home state of washington, the olympic peninsula, and the old-growth trees there as incredible habitats worthy of production. there are 350 species. greater sage grass is one of the. there are hundreds of other species that call these woods home. so when we have a wildfire that burns through rangeland, we can

wipe out in the space of a day or two hundreds of thousands of acres, hundreds of square miles just like that. and we do not think about it as being old-growth in the way we do when you have crowning fires running up through yosemite. but it is very important from a habitat standpoint. so we have 11 states working together to say how do we strike the right balance between conservation and development? in a state like wyoming, development of oil and gas resources, typically some coal resource development, can be the biggest potential disruptor to sagebrush habitat. in the great basin wireless ld land fire, invasive

species like certain grasses -- we are trying to come up with strategies across the landscape to understand the critical areas for these species and to protect those areas with the highest level of protection. we are using sound science, the best available science we have. i have not been specifically the letter that you referenced, but i will say it is very complicated, and there are states that have done a lot of science. there is independent work. the work that we do scientifically is available and open to the public. some of the private science that is done by others or by states is not open to the public. we will take at the fish and wildlife service all of the science into account, and we must do that because if we do not do that and we come out with a decision on whether it is warranted, we know it will be challenged in court. the question is, will it be defensible? we have to have our ducks in a row. but i will say it is unprecedented to have 11 states, 11 governors -- probably seven governors where they have most

of the habitat -- working so hard alongside the fish and wildlife service and the bureau of land management and private landowners to put in place conservation measures that protect these lands that have helped define the american west and the species that call it home. so i am very proud of the collaborative work that has happened with states, the blm, the fish and wildlife service, the geological survey, and others, and i am confident we will reach the right solution when all the science is in. >> charles ettinger from brookings institution. madam secretary, i was wondering if you believe that the alaska

with its flow levels, whether those that might be nearest ought to be taken into consideration if something was found and hence keep the pipeline alive? interior sec. jewell: thank you for that question. i worked on the alaska pipeline when i was a college student solving problems like what do you do when you put hot oil on a cold pipe and how do you keep insulation on it. it is a tricky place to do business. what is interesting is that when alaska achieved statehood, the federal government chose lands and native corporations chose lands, alaska chose an oilfield and develop it. ap -- it peaaked in production in the 1980's. it is no surprise that production has been going down

and i will say that the state of alaska is really hurting right now with oil prices, and i am sympathetic with the situation governor walker finds himself in and a whole state. we certainly support development in the national petroleum reserve in alaska. conoco phillips has developed the area around alpine. i have been there myself. the secretary for land and minerals has been out there. tommy has been out there and a number of others. that has been hooked up to the pipeline network. the national petroleum reserve alaska, the record of decision that we just reached on development with conoco phillips of that, will tie into the alpine facility. and it will be able to go straight into tap so it is our expectation that the national petroleum reserve, as it is developed, will keep petroleum flowing. we did all of the work to look at the national petroleum reserve, and what of the areas that are really critical for

habitat not develop, critical habitat for caribou, birds, and other species -- we thought about if there is exploration and ultimately production in the sea, is there a way to move that across overland through the national petroleum reserve to the trans-alaska pipeline. if you look at the areas that we set aside for conservation and the areas we set aside for development, you will see it facilitates the ability to ultimately have a pipeline corridor that runs through there. it is a national resource. it is very important to the state of alaska, and it is certainly important to us. so we have every expectation that we will facilitate, making public lands available for oil and gas development. obviously it will be up to industry to develop those resources, and that will depend on a whole bunch of factors, including economics. but we will be supportive but doing it in the right way in the

right place. mr. verrastro: we tried to adhere to their time constraints, since they have an active day outside of csi s, as hard as that is to believe. madam secretary, you have been candid, informative. it is great to have you here. i hope you do come back, and we will look for your proposals. you are the right person at the right time, given your background. if you will join me in thanking secretary jewell. [applause] mr. verrastro: secretary jewell will entertain some press questions on her way out the door. thank you very much.

[captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. visit ncicap.org] >> what is coming on c-span britain's prince charles talks about environmental conservation at a recent gala. then a conversation with twitter's chief communications officer about social media and is impact on free speech. at a later a discussion of newsgathering in the 21st century with editors. >> prince charles was honored in washington, d.c. with the teddy roosevelt international conservation award and it was

hosted by the international conservation caucus foundation which is cochaired by representative voice and senator udall. [applause] >> let me just begin by thanking all of you for being here. my wife marie and i must say it is an honor to be with you today, especially an honor to be here with his royal highness and to acknowledge the great contributions that he has made. as a matter of fact, he was with the members of the united states senate, pressing them on this issue, at a time when every hour three elephants are slaughtered on this planet. just as he presses around the world, so we congratulate him on

receiving the teddy roosevelt award. as theodore roosevelt would say, cherish these natural wonders, cherish the natural resources, cherish the history. it is a sacred heritage for your children and your children's children. and his royal highness takes this to heart and carry this message around the world. the highest levels of governments must be invested. must be engaged. if we wish to see the drastic trends of poaching and wildlife trafficking reversed, the united kingdom put their commitment on display, hosting the london conference on the illegal wildlife trade. conservation is not solely an african issue. reducing the demand of these wildlife products isn't solely an asian issue.

the irreversible damage of poaching is a global issue. what troubles me most as chairman of the foreign affairs committee is the transnational aspect of this illegal trade. they use the same sophisticated and dangerous networks as drug runners and armed traffickers. as his royal highness explains we need to focus on breaking down these networks if we break down the networks, these poachers won't have a means to get the wildlife products to market. and the icc as and other ngos a mystery today, are on the front lines, confronting this crisis. they have done an excellent job in exposing the severity of the problem and for conservation to be impactful, we need all stakeholders, governments, private sectors, ngos working together.

our world depends upon it so we can congratulate those who are leading, such as his royal highness and we congratulate him on this award tonight. [applause] senator udall: good evening. my wife, jill and i, are thrilled to be here with you this evening. let's hear a round of applause for everybody here who has helped this foundation growth and do the good work that it does. thank you for being here. thank you. [applause] senator udall: your royal highness, the prince of wales, your royal highness, the duchess of cornwall, welcome this evening to the united states of america. [applause] senator udall: it is an honor to be here to present this award to a true champion of the environment. in new mexico, the navajos, the nation's largest native american tribe has a saying, when the

land is sick, the people are sick. we rely on our natural systems for food, water, and shelter. for the very air we breathe. when we protect our environment, we protect ourselves. the need has never been more urgent. the world's population is approaching 9 billion people. every night, one billion go to bed hungry. all life is connected. we are all connected. conservation is not just a personal virtue, it is essential to our prosperity, security, and our planet. his royal highness understands this and we honor him for that here tonight. he is a bright light in the other things we have seen. he stands out for what he has done.

your royal highness, i think you said it best in a speech earlier this year. and you said, this is a battle about how we survive as a species on our one and only planet. it is therefore, a battle we have to win, but it cannot be won by just some of us. it requires a united international effort. that is the prince of wales. that is a champion. you have fought that battle for over four decades. your commitment has been on the world stage with the prince's rain forest project and addressing the threat of climate change. and also, closer to home, with the home farm. a model of sustainable agriculture through organic farming. the original brand is well known for food that is good and that does good. raising $5 million annually for charity. it tastes good, is good, and

does good. i recommend their dark chocolate ginger biscuits. [laughter] senator udall: sir in america, that is known as a plug and i am happy to give it to you. your royal highness, thank you for your dedication to a sustainable future and your commitment that is lasting steadfast, and is an inspiration to all of us. it is my great privilege, with my fellow co-chair and friend, that we started this caucus together in a house and to present the most prestigious award of this organization. we present the iccf teddy roosevelt international conservation award to the royal highness, the prince of wales. [applause]

>> i would like to bring the other co-chairs of the caucus on stage tonight. [applause]

prince charles: ladies and gentlemen, it has been a great pleasure for both my wife and myself to join you this evening albeit briefly. i must say, coming back to the united states has always been and always pleasure and certainly to be met by such kindness, hospitality, and friendship is always wonderfully encouraging. i suddenly realized the other day -- in fact, i had been coming to the united states for 45 years -- look what it has done to me. [laughter] prince charles: i must admit that my only anxiety about the evening is that i might possibly put my wife to sleep during my speech. i'm sure you all know would be a

fate worse than death. whatever the case, i could not be more touched and flattered that such an important and bipartisan group of international conservation caucus and the supporting foundation should have decided to give me so special an accolade, awarded in the name of one of the greatest of conservationists, president theodore roosevelt. if i may say so, i am even more touched that you should have even noticed some of the things i have been trying to do over the years. at the beginning of the 20th century as the frontier of the american west was disappearing once common wildlife was disappearing with it.

president roosevelt intervened to halt this trend and created what has become known as the conservation movement in the united states. the action he took laid firm foundations for conservation action over subsequent decades and in many other countries around the world. the national parks and other protected areas that he had the foresight to establish are being replicated worldwide, leading to perhaps the greatest conservation success that the world has yet seen. nearly 15% of the earth's land is under some form of protection which has helped to stem the loss of many ecosystems and species.

while in the early 20th century, many americans saw nature as limitless and ripe for exportation. roosevelt understood and he said the nation behaves well if it treats the natural resources as assets and it was turned over to the next generation. the generation increased. during his presidency, roosevelt created five national parks, four-game refugees, 51 national bird reservations, and 150 national forest, protecting a total of 230 million acres of public land. he set in motion a positive worldwide trend of enormous importance. yet, we see all too clearly now

that in the 21st century, nature is nonetheless in a serious face -- state of decline. the question that has exercise me for many more years than i care to remember is why this might be the case? one conclusion i have reached is that a large part of a challenge relates not so much to whether we sufficiently appreciate the beauties and wonders of nature but whether we regard nature as essential for human well-being. i repeatedly hear it said, as i am sure you do, looking after nature is too costly, it is a barrier to growth to economic competitiveness.

as long as this perspective prevails, then i fear the destruction of natural systems will be seen as some way rational and an unavoidable price of progress. as president roosevelt himself put it, the conservation of natural resources is the fundamental problem, unless we solve that problem, it will avail us little to solve all others. in today's testing times, i believe we need a renewal of the kind of foresight demonstrated by president roosevelt. we need to move beyond creating reserves set aside for nature to a new approach that places our relationship with the natural world much closer to the day to day conservation of humanity.

to help with nature and the security of humankind are more linked than we sometimes realized. it is essential to our well-being and ultimately, to our survival that we address them together. this connection is something that i have sought to advance through my own modest efforts, including the work of my international units. by curious coincidence -- this connection is something i have sought to advance the my own modest efforts, including the work of my international colleagues, who also established the u.s. forest service. i have sought, then, to advance this connection because i believe the primary challenge of our times is to find ways in which the natural systems and

resources on which we depend can be sustained to support our needs indefinitely into the future. while maintaining the incredible diversity of life on earth. despite the evident challenges there are nevertheless signs of the seeming insuperable problems, then they can be addressed in a number of areas. one of the greatest challenges and priorities is the establishment of genuinely sustainable fisheries. at a time when so many fish stocks are in serious long-term decline. since 2010, we've been working to establish consensus on our goal to rebuild stocks, as well as to protect the livelihoods of communities and to enhance food security.

the potential to do this is underlined in many examples where it is already happening, including here in the united states, such as the recovery and sustainable use of the morrow bay fishery, gulf of mexico red snapper, and pacific halibut stocks. so much can be achieved through taking an approach that goes beyond trading economic and ecological goals against one another, and instead finds ways to integrate them. as i see it, these and other breakthroughs such as the u.s. magnuson stevens act, are not a barrier to economic and social aspiration, but rather a means of achieving them.

i was delighted to learn of the recent announcement by the u.s. government that it would require all u.s. agencies to track all fish and seafood imports, and establish a system for american consensus to determine where fish and seafood have been caught, by whom, and how. this, if i may say so, is a tremendous step forward in the fight against illegal fishing. i very much hope it will be copied by other countries. now i need hardly say that collective action by governments is absolutely crucial when natural and marine ecosystems are under such pressure globally, including through treaties such as the law of the sea and the agreement on the conservation of albatrosses. while i am well aware that

the united states has not yet ratified these important measures crisis back that with the help of the international consolation caucus, the kind of leadership you have showed at home in protecting the marine environment would be a welcome inspiration towards making these international agreements more effective. president roosevelt was -- [applause] prince charles: president roosevelt was very much ahead of his time in saying that conservation means development as much as it does protection. in some cultures, i am led to believe that these beliefs are somewhat controversial, but i'm encouraged by the way that people are working to end deforestation, in particular

now seek to embed economic rational strategies so as simultaneously to achieve development and economic outcomes. what became known as the princes rain forest project saw positive action in this arena through the aim of making the forests worth more alive, than dead. the progress throughout the world shows what is possible with good leadership. the former prime minister of norway, who achieved so much on his agenda, was not able to be here this evening. his work helped to establish the fundamental economic connections between forest conservation and human well-being.

and if i may say so, he is a far more worthy recipient of the award you have so kindly just a stone on me. his current role as secretary general of nato is one of supreme importance, and we are all incredibly fortunate to have someone of his stature and wisdom in such a position at this time. in the last year, we have helped to convene a series of international conferences. but the first time, we addressed the linkages between the illegal trade of wildlife and the economic stability and national security. if i may say so, it is enormously heartening that the united states is providing such great leadership in this area, through addressing the threat of skyrocketing demands facilitated by organized criminals and then some cases terrorists groups for elephant

tusks, rhino horns, by creating a presidential task force and the national strategy on wildlife trafficking. it is clear that both parties are working well together to develop solutions to this most dire problem, and i can only hope that the international conservation caucus will build on this very important work at home and overseas while continuing to integrate into international defense programs. as a complementary effort, together with eight the world largest financial institutions the u.s. has issued a report that would allow the financial

system to use all available tools against financial crime related to the illegal wildlife trade. in response to these recommendations, key governments participating next week, will pledge for the first time to aggressively follow the money. in addition, i am proud to say these are becoming a hereditary issue in my family, and my son recently formed a task force to examine the transport industry's role in the illegal wildlife trade and identify ways that we can break the chain between suppliers and consumers.

[applause] prince charles: he will be very pleased to know you all agree. [laughter] prince charles: i am also pleased to be able to tell you after attempts in the past years to gain enough support, isu has embarked on a new work stream to look at solutions to the problem of plastic waste in the environment. [applause] prince charles: just yesterday here in washington, i attended a meeting to discuss this enormous challenge. the participants, representing

private companies, and governments, expressed their willingness to work together to scale up of immediate actions to stop the flow of waste into the oceans, and those longer-term actions needed to begin the transition across the plastics value chain to a more and less wasteful system. they have equally embraced activities that at first might seem a little remote from traditional conservation concerns. this involves joining with my foundation of building community in looking at the case of cities and the worldwide problems. by addressing the question of how towns and cities might be developed in harmonious coexistence with their rural hinterlands, we're finding ways to coexist, and a positive

synergy arises from how they can gain a better understanding over healthy ecosystems and the supply of food and water. while the issues might seem a desperate hodgepodge of environmental concerns, they can only be resolved through the kind of integrated thinking and planning that includes genuine participation, aided by the realization that at the end of the day, these issues are also at heart of security, social and economic matters. the question then, is how can we speed up that integrated

thinking while there is still time to do so? one thing i believe to be vital is leadership. it is one of the reasons why so many people around the world are waiting with anticipation. i know how fostering leadership, that all too rare quality is one of the core concerns of the international caucus. it seems to me that your bipartisan efforts in this arena, which are unique in this day and age, could not be more important. the same thing must be said about your work to show how, in the end, conservation relates to the fundamental concerns of societies and governments, including the well-being of

citizens, the health, security nutrition, and prospects for continued economic development. all of which, ultimately, depend on the successful functioning of nature's own unique economy and biodiversity. ladies and gentlemen, the world has looked to the united states for leadership and challenging circumstances in the past. however, today, we are faced by truly exceptional challenges and threats, a veritable perfect storm which, if not met by strong decisive and farsighted leadership, could overwhelm our capacity to rectify the damage and thereby destroy our grandchildren's future. america's impact is profound

and it is my and many others fervent hope that you will continue to inspire others, both at home, and on the global stage. thank you, ladies and gentlemen. [applause] >> on the next "washington journal," the latest on the iranian nuclear negotiations with douglas shaw who worked in the clinton white house. and then thomas and romina

discussed in 2016 republican budget -- discussed the 2016 republican budget plan. and then a discussion of venezuela area carl joins us. beginning live at 7:00 p.m. eastern on c-span -- a.m. eastern on c-span. the house and senate return next week with the budget on the agenda. a top priority is increased defense spending. you can watch the house on c-span and the senate on c-span two. on wednesday we will hear more with congressman mac thornberry will discuss the budget and defense issues.

that is life monday at 9:00 a.m. eastern on c-span two. next, a conversation with twitter's chief communications officer. he talks about twitter's culture and the impact on free speech. this is just under one hour. host: today it is an absolute delight for me to introduce and welcome gabriel stricker. he is a cal alum. some of you already know that. he is chief of communications on twitter. chief communications officer. he also has been helping berkeley think about and celebrate the 50th anniversary of the free speech movement, quite an important your -- year

in berkeley this year. his bachelor of arts was a latin american studies as an undergraduate at work with. -- at berkeley. his current role as to communications officer, he leads the global teams for media relations and public policy and media partnerships more generally. he first came to twitter in 2012, stepping into the world's absolutely highest profile roles in the communications field. he has in fact been credited by many as the driving force behind turning around twitter's public reputation. . gabriel has been well recognized for his success. he was recognized as one of the top communicators, one of "pr week's" top 20 digital influencers and one of the 20 most effective communications insiders. he was a director of global communications and public affairs at google where he was

active on the issue of free expression and defended the company's refusal to censor information. the accepted the first amendment award. his earlier work was in campaign politics. he developed his expertise in the strategic communications for his work in the electoral arena. today, we have a chance to talk to him on a variety of topics, of course free expression and free speech but also leadership and how he thinks about culture and what makes organizations work better. we have a chance to celebrate with him has i mentioned this 50th anniversary of the free speech movement. so it was that 64 or 65 year. those of you who know, the free speech cafe, i am sure most of you have been there. a remarkable tradition for this institution. one that lives on for all of us. it is an important part of this institution, of our society. it is the notion of freedom of expression. it is not equally appreciated

throughout the whole world. and part of those different value judgments on one where one draws the line is a very active area worldwide of policy and management. there is much to cover. let me introduce to you gabriel stricker. thank you for being here. [applause] host: so let me start with the free speech movement. i mentioned it a couple of times. you worked here in the 1960's. but you, like a coma were here after that. can you say a bit about how you think about free speech as it relates to twitter and also the fine line between freedom of expression and some of the things that happened when expression is to free? gabriel: thank you for having me. it is always lovely to be back. the free speech movement definitely predated me but i

think even when i graduated as an undergrad in the early 1990's, that spirit and the disruptive spirit of the free speech movement still lived on and i think at the time, and i think today, on campus there is an attempt to figure out how to keep that culture going. that exists beyond this place. where still trying to figure out how to ensure those values are a part of what we do. i get to go to work everyday at a place that i think is one of the most extraordinary, viral platforms ever to exist. it has been those amazing vector

that has facilitated free expression around the world. the mythology is we create these technologies with free expression in mind to create a platform that would let all of these flowers bloom. we had the idea of what the impact of a platform would be but we never thought that it would be used the way it has and facilitate revolutions as it has. it is getting people voices where they didn't. it is an ongoing commitment to upholding the platform as we do. and as you say, it is a tricky one, too because for those of you less familiar with twitter, one of the parts of it that has allowed the rise of it is that we support pseudonyms. unlike other platforms that require your actual identity,

because we allow pseudonyms, if you go into cases like the arab spring, for example, it turns out that if you want to take down the man, it is easier to do so if you don't have to give your actual identity. the flipside of that spectrum is that if you do not have to give your identity, it makes it easier to express yourself in less constructive ways not bringing down an oppressive regime but potentially just controlling and abusive ways. that is a tricky balance. one that we, today, are grappling with. our ceo actually had one of our internal e-mails leaked out. he said we had been falling short on striking that balance and it is something we're trying

to figure out. what are the ways to figure out -- preserve the beauty of the platform as a vehicle of free expression while having boundaries that prevent people from engaging in what is really abusive behavior? it is a daily challenge. rich: part of it --if you thought the pseudonyms would allow a lot of things, there might be other tools to allow these unfortunate outcomes. could you give us an example of when it is trolling? where you say, we have tried to address that issue in a more targeted way. >> the things we have done, the kinds of things you can expect from us going forward. some of you may look at this as fixing bugs. some of them have been more or less difficult. we historically, we have done a pretty lackluster job of making it possible to even report abuse. the amount of hoops people had

to go to through to even just be able to say people were engaging in an abusive manner. it has to be the case that it is roughly as easy to report the abuse as it is to do the abusing. in our case, it was easy to engage in the abuse and hard to report it. that has been something we have gone out of our way to fix. the next step is, i think in again balancing the ability for someone to express themselves freely but giving someone the ability to not have to be exposed to water is -- what is abusive behavior. the next step is -- for those of you less familiar with twitter one of its hallmarks is we have an asymmetrical follow draft which means we can follow each other but it can also be the

case that you follow me but i don't follow you. part of what we are thinking is if you are sending tweets to me throughout the day saying you are a jerk, if we follow each other, i am presumably saying i want to tell me i am a jerk. but, if i don't follow you and you are telling me throughout the day i am a jerk, maybe there should be ways that if you are bombarding me with this that i should be able to have greater control to tune that out. that is what we are trying to pave the way for. rich: for those of you who are tweeting, we have a hastag. #hotspeakers. i always take notes and i always tweet after talks and i will do

it again. i personally so appreciate twitter. a quick aside. when i first became dean, people were saying, you should do these blog posts. i am thinking, holy smokes, i could spend half my day doing that. but 140 characters once or twice a day, it is a great bite-size. for putting out thoughts. for a lot of us that get to hear a lot of interesting things every day. that is one of the functions i feel i am serving. let me bounce them back out so other people can hear the things i am hearing. no recently -- no recently -- now with recently twitter sued the government over the ability to disclose more information. could you talk more about that public policy interface? gabriel: i should just say that twitter was not the first to

have a transparency report. i think actually when i was at google, we started that process of issuing these transparency reports. and what the transparency reports are is simply when technology companies get request from governments around the world specifically to take action on certain content and it could be to remove content because it violates local law, to suspend certain accounts similarly because it is against whatever their local policies are. a lot of the companies in our space have felt there needs to be a way in some centralized fashion to disclose to the people of the world, we are getting these requests and you should be aware of them. not just to say that we are getting the requests but here are the nature of the requests and here's what governments are giving us and here are how many of them are and how to categorize them and what action we took coming off of these things.

and i guess without getting into too much detail, regarding a lawsuit, but just on a high level, it turns out there is a government, it is ours in the u.s., that wanted to limit our ability as a company to tell people -- and again, it is not just twitter users. it happens to be there are individual users impacted by this, we take action on posts that have made. -- posts that they have made. but, if you are -- i would argue if you are a user or if you are just a member of this society, you have a right to know that your government is making requests of a private company like ours and what we are doing with that. and we should be able to disclose in a reasonable amount of detail what is this sort of boundary surrounding these requests. what is going on there.

and we had engaged in conversations about this in terms of our ability to be more transparent in our transparency report. and finally, when we reached an impasse, we said we are going to, we will not abide by this. we will sue you over our ability to be more transparent with our users and people of the world. and so that is what motivated it and it continues to motivate. i think there are other companies that i think share our opinion. i think we took it another step and forced the issue that way. rich: could you -- we had an earlier conversation about values. when one thinks about the culture, the shared values that hold twitter together, that make it what it is, i would imagine

when you are making a decision about how aggressively to pursue an issue like that, it does come back to very fundamental values. so can you talk a little bit about how that particular decision about transparency to -- connects to the values of the from? gabriel: at the end of the day some of this is not that complicated. we end up running the company in some sort of golden rule type of way which is as we conceive of and implement these policies, would we as users want to exist in a product that has these policies? and by at large, that is what we are trying to do. or if there is an environment surrounding us unfavorable, we try to change those things. i would say some of these decisions, including the decision to sue our own government are internally pretty

uncontroversial because i would say as a leadership team, we have aligned values. i think we have got about building the team. we have values and we believe they are values that we embody and reflect the value of the users we have on the platform. it is a responsibility. earlier, we were talking about the free speech movement. i believe that there are a handful of companies in the world, and you can probably count them on two hands, that transcend just being companies and become themselves a movement. i think twitter is one. with a that comes real responsibility. people are depending on us to be able to achieve things that go far beyond business or just culture. it is actually achieving higher purpose.

and so, as we go about our business, these are the types of fairly weighty things we are considering. rich: an interesting notion when an enterprise becomes a movement. twitter is a great example. how about the public offering of twitter? does the change of ownership and control -- did it have an effect? numeral: you know, i think -- when we were in the process of going public, a lot of people, there were a lot of folks on the sideline saying all of twitter's talk of being purpose driven get ready because it will go out the window. and i actually think that when part of the significance in some ways of our lawsuit was eye-opening for many of these people. these people will stick to the values they had all along.

the speculation that existed on how becoming a publicly traded company would change us, i think somehow, this was the conspiracy theory premise of it all. oh, now they become a publicly traded company and are beholden to invest your interests, -- investor interests, they will sell out their values in order to adhere to all of these financial pressures which have existed all along. p.s., those pressures have not existed all of the time. it was never the case that the sort of tension we experienced day in and day out was a tension somehow between every day users and business interest. that was never the source of the tension. the source of the doctrine was sort of what we talked about earlier which was -- tension was sort of what we talked about

earlier which was the tension existed between one group of users and another group of users. how do we navigate those waters? those tensions still exist. but being a publicly traded company i don't think hasn't done anything to change our values or how we approach going about our work. i think it has brought maybe a slightly brighter spotlight. for those of you who go out and see parts of publicly traded companies three and post -- pre and post ipo, i hope you realize it is just a part of the evolution. and then you go public and you wake of the next day and go to work, that is how that is. rich: you obviously love your job. what do you love most about your job? gabriel: i do think it goes back to the idea of it being a movement. because i think you can work at any number of companies or organizations but there are few opportunities that you have in

life -- earlier before we were onstage, we were talking about these four men -- these four precepts you have at the business school and i love this point of being beyond yourself. what an inspiring plank to have on your platform. what i love about my work and what i really just have long been inspired by in technology generally is if you are lucky, you get to be part of a company that is a movement that is beyond itself, beyond any one of us. and the impact you get to have on the planet starts to go beyond, yeah, ok, i went to work and sold a widget versus i want to work and change the world for the better. it sounds trite but i think for us, we get to see this and the technology, in twitter's case

begins to take on a life of its own and be used in ways that we would have never anticipated. and it is inspiring. absolutely inspiring. rich: it really is. this gentleman spoke for us not so long ago and i was walking back and one of our employees here who had grown up in iran walked up to us and she talked about how influential twitter had been for her family. and she had some remarkable stories. it was just right there, someone i see everyday talking about her family and the role twitter played. you hear those stories often but it was very poignant. gabriel: we hear them often. we see this unfolding. i was actually just talking to a group of employees who started yesterday and they were asking

basically about does this ever get old? do we ever come to work and get jaded? no, we don't get jaded. it does not get old. i mean, i came to work a couple of weeks ago and as a user, got to see somebody who is tweeting images of our planet from orbit. that does not get old. hopefully if it does get old we should do something else. because i think no, we never thought these things would be used in this way. but yeah, it does change the world. and now, sometimes, more trivial ways. but sometimes extremely profound ways. rich: absolutely. absolutely. your job is different than a lot of people's roles. can you talk about the personal advice front some risks you took

that opened out some pathways that might not have been there in your career? gabriel: yeah, so, and please, becuase another plank is to question the status quo so do not take my status quo. now my responsibility at twitter is overseeing our communications team and public policy team and media partnerships team. it is a departure from what i was doing earlier which was working on political campaigns. look, electoral politics is a perfectly noble profession. my hunger for participating and that process was facilitating some form of social change. what i realized at a certain point was that the impact i

myself could have on that social change was pretty limited and i was living on the east coast at that time. and i was looking back to the west coast where i grew up and i was like, that is where the change is happening. those are the people who are really revolutionizing the world. i want to be part of that. and i say coincidently, it is not that unlike what happened during the free speech movement where you had people who were literally watching newsreels at the time on the east coast of what was happening and berkeley and saying they wanted to be a part of that thing. and i guess the lesson that i would give on this is that -- when i look back on it, i have known for some time that electoral politics -- i was not getting what i wanted out of it. i think it probably took me

longer in hindsight than it should have to make the change. and i think -- i talk to people particularly new grads that work with us a lot about this where you may not be certain what your calling is and in that case, keep experimenting. the flipside of that is there are many people, and if you push them on it, they will tell you they will say i don't know what my calling is but what i am doing is not that. and yet they don't have the courage to make the change. and so for me, the main lesson was when i knew that that was not my calling, it probably was -- i don't know, a year, a couple of years before i really owned that and said, you know what, i'm going to honor the fact i know this is not the right path for me. and you would pursue something else.

rich: part of that transition for all of us is, the kernel of that notion of facilitating social change. we don't always know what the kernel is. once we identify the kernel, the options that are likely to be more aligned become more clear. gabriel: for me, part of the inside i had came out of trying to create a little bit of distance from it and saying, ok, what is it i am doing? what is the pleasure i derive from this? what is it that is inspiring? is this the best venue for me to be living that out? and even in the world of media and communications and public policy, i didn't necessarily know that was the job for may -- for me. but the insight i had was it seems like technology is the general venue for me to live this out. >> it is great. it is great. you as a leader, as a manager,

what is your leadership style? how has your thinking and leadership changed? -- on leadership changed? gabriel: my thinking on leadership and management is in some ways formed by my experience in political campaigns, which if you were going to have -- first on management. and then i would just say on leadership. but if you were to create a petri dish of how not to manage people, you would have created a political campaign. [laughter] it is -- and i suppose to be fair, it has been a longtime since i worked on a political

campaign. so let me just give that the benefit of the doubt and say maybe a lot has changed. but at the time, in this country at least -- you have environment where it is very transaction-based, a bunch of people trying to win something by a certain date. campaign. so let me just give that the it doesn't lend itself to really nurturing people over a long pe riod of time. it is really transactional now. for me, so much of my approach to management and leadership was informed by what was not happening. and i think the beauty of the technology industry is you end up getting a lot less experienced people who bring really, really new ideas to the table and if you can embrace that, -- i would say to the question of my leadership style, i really try to get people a ton of room to make a lot of small mistakes.

and i believe that as leaders and managers -- and again sometime from now you could have someone else on the stage process, i want people to fail -- who says i want people to fail and it is easy to say. you cannot just say that. you need to, especially for less experienced people, you need to go out of your way to force them to make mistakes. i remember i had someone who would work for me who was -- who i would say, you need to be taking more risk. and we have these quarterly objectives and measurable goals. a lot of companies have these things. and i said to her, here is what is going to happen. for you, when you set up your quarterly goals, i want you to put in their -- put in there

that you will make a certain number of mistakes. then, we will revert back to the mistakes and what you learned from them. unless you are really deliberate with people about this, it is not going to happen. so i guess my style is letting encouraging people to take encouraging them to take risk, to make mistakes, and make sure they know they are unable to make a catastrophic mistake. if someone makes a catastrophic mistake, that is more of a position as a leader when they can make a catastrophic mistake as a leader. you can put them in a position to make a small mistake and if there is something cataclysmic on your watch, it is up your -- it is up to you to take responsibility for. >> also the stretch assignments