another point, i think in some circumstances, people like that run knowing in their heart of hearts that they are not going to win, but it positions them to be selected for the ticket and raises their national profile. it raises their speaking fees and gives them new life. they are retired from their original careers. host: carol, good morning. caller: good morning. regarding bernie sanders i am 82. i left wisconsin 40 years ago. i went from the frying pan into the fire because i moved to florida. they have a rotten governor, too. for the first time i contributed to the campaign it, bernie sanders. i do not care what you call him

but he offers hope to people below the poverty line. he sees what needs to be done getting rid of citizens united for one. money has to be taken out of politics. he is running on campaign money he gets from people like me. i wish i had more to give. i think he can straighten out our country. thank you. host: do you think he can win? could he defeat hillary clinton? guest: if enough of the people that have been living in poverty can't get jobs get out and vote and contribute something to him yes, i think he can win. he is a politician it, but he sees what needs to be done for this country. guest: there is an interesting tagline at the bottom of his

website. he wants to tell people give me money and i will talk about your issues. i will talk about income inequality. they are courting the wealthiest class to run for president. his challenge, are there enough of them? it's not the base of the democratic party. that is what he brings to the debate. the role of money in politics is growing cycle over cycle. with citizens united, it's not necessarily written large all the money, it's the super pac's that you are not directly soliciting. can you find a billionaire who will underwrite your campaign. host: bernie sanders is willing to take questions from the media. after his announcement, he has

taken more press questions than hillary clinton. can you talk about the relationship of bernie sanders with the press? guest: the press loves bernie sanders. not because of his positions but because he is willing to engage. hillary clinton has felt that the presses out to get her. she is leery of the press. she wants to do a reset of her relationship with the press. host: has that happened? guest: hard to say. guest: a reset comes from the top. that is hillary clinton, does she want that? it's not clear. most of the questions she has taken were shouted at her. the number of questions you are

taking. then carson is doing interviews. bernie sanders can't get off the phone. hillary clinton won't take any questions at all. jeb bush has been fairly available. scott walker less so. guest: where they are placing in the polls, there isn't inverse proportion. i think rubio is fairly accessible. he is doing well in the polls. host: let's go to laura in pennsylvania. caller: good morning. i want to say rush limbaugh made a very good point about the first black president. i think republicans need to make a big deal about being the first

female or the first hispanic which is the largest minority out there. i think marco rubio could go bilingual. he could say all the conservative things that businesses want to hear. i wanted to bring up rush limbaugh talks about climate change. he is a denier. the biggest issue according to barack obama is climate change. can we not have a debate on a big college campus about our humans responsible? neil degrasse tyson has evidence that the united states percent -- is responsible for 17% and china is responsible for more. why do we have china making

changes? we need a debate. host: i will let you take the first part of her question about marco rubio and republicans appealing to hispanic voters. guest: i think it's going to be a big part of the campaign. there is a subterranean fight between democratic groups that are trying to organize the latino the -- vote. there is an issue funded by the koch brothers. they are kind to organize them and turn them on to conservative principles. hillary clinton is headed out to nevada. she is talking about the pathway to citizenship. the democratic party has lived -- moved to the left. driver's licenses could corrupt.

she is going to come out early and embrace a potential pathway for citizenship. this is a dividing line. this helps them win their support. guest: let's talk issues. climate change and the obama administration's actions on the issue. guest: i think this will be a big issue in the democratic debates. you've got bernie sanders who says it's one of the top three issues. hillary has been vague on it. she has not stated her position on the keystone pipeline. she could be vulnerable on the left. keystone is not the biggest issue out there regarding climate change. you get the president with his epa regulations on a greenhouse gases as part of his legacy and

his policy on the environment. host: in terms of top issues, does that make it into the top tier? guest: i think it's more pocket bush -- pocket book issues. the republican primary, i'm not sure it's the biggest issue. it could be very big in the general. guest:host: i don't know very many people who are stressed out about climate change. david is up next in ohio. good morning. caller: good morning to everyone. i want to comment on linda's remark that bernie sanders would bring a debate for the soul of the democratic party. who of the republicans is likely

to find that soul of the republican party? either one if you would respond. guest: what is so great about this huge republican field is you've got some diversity of views and you have a debate for the soul. you've got the establishment wing with people like john kasich and scott walker and jeb bush. you've got the people who are social conservatives, you've got to pertain ian's like rand paul. -- libertarians like rand paul. immigration is a big internal debate with the republicans. education, if john kasich gets in, that helps jeb bush. they both favor common core standards. jeb bush is dangling out there

alone on this. that gives him cover and these are two serious governors of extremely important battleground states. if one of them can catch fire, that would sail out about the future of the party. guest: i think there are two candidates in this race who are looking to make a bet that the republican party is fundamentally change in recent years. one is ted cruz who believes the party has moved to the right. he is going to embrace the tea party type republicans. they quote ronald reagan. this is his bet. he thinks the soul the party has moved his direction. the other is rand paul. he thinks the party has moved on foreign policy and they are less interventionist. rand paul is going to be alone on foreign policy.

he is alone out there on stage. host: let's go to walter in cincinnati on the line for democrats. good morning. caller: good morning. my question is could you tell me what state stands behind carly and ben? these people bring a lot of baggage to the political arena. carly has been fired from her job being -- penn has no experience. you have people like chris christie who is about to get indicted possibly an answer questions he is been avoiding for years. the credibility doesn't make any sense. host: what states could they pick up? caller: what states do they

represent? guest: i do we look at it in terms of what state they would represent. it's what voters do they represent. in such a huge field, the republicans will try to pick up different elements of the electorate. who is a carly fiorina voter? it might be a republican woman. her tendency is not just about being a woman. with ben carson it, he's got young support. he's got people who like his conservative message for low income people to not get trapped on public assistance. i look at it in terms of voters and not states. guest: ben carson is a famed neurosurgeon.

he was separating conjoined twins. he is a best-selling author and a hero. he lived in baltimore for a long time and made a huge impact. now he lives in south florida. he does not have a home base. facebook really some data about the speeches. the most interactions about ben carson were in southern states. that's not his base as a republican candidate, but they know him and he has the most to lose. they don't see him as a republican politician. host: this goes back to talking about candidates taking questions or not taking questions from the media. if the press wasn't working so hard to define the election cycle their way, candidates

would be more open to taking questions. you can follow the conversation. we will look for some of your tweets. tony is in rhode island. good morning. caller: good morning. i just turned 81. i am disgusted with this country. the rich people are running the country. half your politicians tie in. it they do it they want to do. when i was young a woman would be great as a politician. even they wind up going with democrats or republicans. i am almost at the point right don't want to go vote no more. host: is anybody right now that

you do trust? guest: the only one i would vote for is that gentleman from new hampshire. host: bernie sanders? caller: he is the only one down to earth. they won't run the country. congress still runs the country and they don't give a damn. host: bernie sanders was on one of the sunday shows this week. he responded to a question that he got about whether it is possible for a socialist to be elected president of the united states. >> if we know that in countries like scandinavia like denmark sweden, they are very democratic countries and the voter turnout is higher. health care is a right of all people, colleges free,

retirement benefits are stronger. by large, government works for ordinary people and the middle class rather than in our country, for the billionaires. >> i can hear the republican attack ads right now. he wants america to look more like scandinavia. >> what's wrong with that? what's wrong with a stronger middle class? what's wrong with a higher minimum wage and environment? we do a lot in a country that is good, but we can learn from other countries. host: in your piece about bernie sanders, you wrote that he fills the void left by elizabeth worn. how well does he fill that void? guest: they would love for her to get in. they realize that's not going to happen.

i think bernie will get a lot of her support. you will see a lot of protest vote against hillary clinton and people voting for bernie sanders. there are other democrats the will probably get in the late -- race. the thing about bernie sanders is he will talk a lot about the billionaire class. americans are funny about wealth. they don't like this idea of candidates appearing to be bought and paid for by billionaires but if you turn this into a class warfare festival that can turn people off in some ways. everybody wants to do well and get ahead. ultimately, it might backfire if it becomes too much a part of the race. host: let's go to houston. good morning. caller: good morning.

good morning. america needs overhaul and i think bernie sanders is it. he talks about social security and making sure that america pays back into it. he talks about the patriot act. he talked about the racism that's going on. obama is not handling it correctly. he has talked about the military-industrial contest -- complex. eisenhower said it would be the root of all evil for america. he talked about the prison industrial complex, we need to talk about that. guest: he brings up a lot of issues. host: how do you think racial issues might impact the

conversation on the republican and democratic primary campaigns? guest: bernie sanders is winning the c-span callers this morning. we had the first african-american president, it can play a big role. they can play role if you have marco rubio or ted cruz. hillary clinton, one of the big debates was if she should run as a woman. the answer ultimately was no. and now the answer is definitely yes. neither ted cruz nor marco rubio are running as the first latino candidate. that can become an increasing part of their campaign.

guest: another key element in this is the personal narrative of the candidates. you have somebody like cruise or rubio who are the children of cubans immigrants. rubio speaks warmly about the struggles that their parents went through. people love that. americans are funny about who they elect. now we have another bush, another dynasty. this is where hillary struggles. we think we know her story. she is old news. she wants to refresh what people think and know about her.

70 who is new to the scene, i think they will get a lot of attention. the second piece of that i would raise is the character. people go in there got, do i trust this person? that is a real challenge for people, especially if they have been around for a while. host: jerry is on airline for democrats. caller: good morning. i will make this fast. i have been anticipating bernie sanders for a long time. i am going to campaign like hell to make you president. i want to make a couple of quick points.

bernie sanders has made it clear he is going to play to win. who is going to waste their time just to not win it? guest: the thing that strikes me is his campaign is like the ron paul campaign. a politician at the tail end of their career. he would be the oldest president in american history. he may not be solely running to make a point. he wants to move the needle in his direction. ron paul wanted to move the needle in his direction. ron's son is running. he is running a different type of campaign. is there going to be an aheir

to bernie sanders. bernie sanders and others, before we give hillary keys to the kingdom, for eight years or four years let's have a debate with those policies should be. host: what is hillary clinton saying about bernie sanders question? guest: absolutely nothing. she has the advantage of not talking about the people running against her. she is not talking about martin o'malley. she is talking about hillary clinton and occasionally those republicans. host: connecticut is up next. good morning.

caller: i think this country needs a leader. i think ben carson is a leader. now we have a guy who is a follower all of his lysed. he is a socialist president. that is where we stand. we need a guy who is not a politician. politicians only worry about getting the money for the campaign and then who is going to vote for them. i think ben carson would be ideal for this country. host: that is richard in a bethlehem. guest: i do want to make a point about money in politics. money isn't everything. you can raise all the money in the world and if people aren't excited about you and don't want to vote for you, it goes nowhere. we have phil graham who ran for president in the 80's.

he raised a town of money and it went nowhere. i think what we will find with unprecedented amounts of money sloshing around, what is enough and then at a certain point what is throwing good money after bad? host: is there something at the end of that spectrum? the money showed up after the cut fire? guest: john mccain. he would say what he thought and the press -- he was very friendly to the press. people like that. he was a truth teller. it feels like they are being truth tellers and people love that. you hear and see someone that is appealing to you.

guest: rick santorum won the iowa caucus and then got a lot of money. and those later states, mitt romney was crushing rick santorum with television ads. host: david has been waiting on our line for independent voters. caller: good morning. i have a couple of comments. i think the democratic presidential field, with bernie sanders and hillary clinton they need more potential candidates and the republicans will have 14.

i think that works against them. it worked against them in 2012 because there seems to be more ideological divisions. the tea party segment, when mitt romney received the nomination, there were a lot of the far right republicans who decided not to go to the polls and vote. on the democratic side, you hear the talk about the coronation of hillary clinton. there does need to be -- if elizabeth warned would get into the race. she should push hillary clinton to take a stand on more things. host: is your mind open about 70 from either party? caller: absolutely.

i used to be a republican. i was a republican up until 2012. i switched party affiliations because i saw the republican party turning it too far to the right. i'm looking for somebody that is moderate and has good ideas. several colors have mentioned the career politicians, i wish more people would pay attention to the midterm elections. the republicans are trying to attract more women and young voters. when you look at the legislation in congress and the different republicans, they say they want to do this but the legislation they pass is contradictory to what they are saying. host: i want to let linda talk

about the first part. he doesn't want a free-for-all or a coronation. guest: last time, the primary process turned into a circular firing squad. you had mitt romney as the only seriously electable republican in that field. you had big money coming in. you had newt gingrich is super pac doing hit jobs on mitt romney. they were doing barack obama's job for him. i think the republican field is stronger than it was four years ago. there is no clear front-runner. it's not clear who i would say is destined to get the nomination. when they are on the debate stage, are they firing at each

other or are they generating ads that are devastating and helpful to hillary clinton, or are they looking outward to hillary and just bashing on her. guest: it will be hard for republicans to differentiate themselves by attacking hillary clinton. there is no question that at the end of the day, at some point they have to train their guns and their research and attacks on one another. it doesn't have to be ugly. there can be a benefit for them. they can drive the national conversation. only bernie sanders is nipping at her ankle. you could have a year before she breaks through in the news stories. host: well done.

you can check out his work and linda feldman >> in las vegas where hillary clinton was scheduled to begin a discussion on immigration at 5:45 p.m. eastern. she is running late. while we wait, a discussion on the 2016 budget. "washington journal" continues. host: he joins us to analyze the budget resolution. the senate is expected to take a vote and take that up today. if you're not familiar with -- guest: we are a non-partisan

organization that focuses on the federal budget. we were founded by worn redmon and paul saugus. -- paul satsongas. host: is balancing the budget something you can get behind? guest: i think the goal is a good one. i think the next 10 years is a reasonable goal. i think the path they have laid out is not realistic. i think the goal is good. what happens now is if the implementation can take place. host: explain how republicans look to achieve that balance? guest: it's all in spending

cuts. there are some very deep spending cuts. some of them are not going to happen. the biggest one is a repeal of the affordable care act. obviously, he would veto that. that is probably not going to happen. some is savings senate domestic appropriations. that is steeper than is likely to pass. there are some other cuts and other entitlement programs. they are very deep. what the budget does show is it saves $5 trillion over 10 years. that is what you need to get back to balance. it does show how difficult it would be to get that level of savings.

host: it sticks to the $1 trillion sequestration budget in 2016. it boosts the defense budget by adding money through the overseas contingency operation fund. this was passed by the house last week. it's going to be taken up by the senate this week. is this budget resolution likely to get past? it doesn't have the force of law. explain why this is important. guest: that is an important point that you make. it's the first step in the process and the easiest one. it does not require the president's signature and it does not require congress to set how they achieve the goal. it's a broad framework. congress then takes the framework and tries to pass

appropriations bills during the course of the year that keeps the government-funded. this sets out what the spending totals should be for the appropriations. the budget resolution is important because it sets points of order. it sets the numbers by which points of order can be triggered. it can be subject to a point of order. there are certain procedural goals and enforcement mechanisms as well. host: it will influence the appropriations process for the yes to the air. -- rest of the year. guest: it contains reconciliation. that gives a bill fasttrack.

in the senate, if you have a record -- reconciliation bill, it is not subject to filibuster. it applies to mandatory spending and revenues. there is a provision in the budget that would allow it to be used for increasing the deficit. reconciliation bills are a favorite thing they get fast tracked. congress has said this process should be used only for repeal of the afford care act. that's disappointing. they would need reconciliation to pass some of the other issues and cuts they would like to do.

using it for repeal of the aca is it going to happen anyway. it gives away an important enforcement tool. there are a couple of things about the budget resolution to keep in mind. i would call them gimmicks. you mentioned it before, the oc oh. what they wanted to do was keep the defense cap and exceeded. they can do that by putting money in this contingency operation account, which is not subject to the cap. it supposed to be use for war spending, but they have used it for basic defense spending. it's a gimmick. the other thing is the budget resolutions assumes that the

government will collect revenues this congress does not want the government to collect. there is a gap there. host: we are talking about the republican budget. it was a big topic on capitol hill. our guest is with the concorde coalition. you can join in the conversation if you have a conversation or comment about the budget resolution. sac is calling in from texas. good morning. caller: i was going to ask when

things are going under international and domestic spending what can we grow by that definition? it's easier to say you can have competitive effort. whatever it comes to the domestic budget we can do this but we have to get back on this. we can do it cheaper by doing things this way. whenever we try to cut the budget, it's not doing it differently and getting the same results. it's always we have to cut something. why is it always the we have to cut something else instead of

growing the ceiling. host: is that your concern with just the republican budget? caller: it's both. as an independent, i watched both over the years. it's in both budgets. it's the same way with every budget. host: thanks for the question. guest: there are a couple of good points there. government doesn't look enough at doing things better. they tend to look at budget totals and not review programs and do what's called oversight. one of the things we have advocated over the years is to cf you could appropriate the money and see if the programs are working. one way to do things and save money is to do things better or

more cheaply as you point out. the other point i would say is it's important to try to find arguments that you're going to spend more in one area and you want to find cuts in another area or raise revenue. if part of that can be done through a more efficient administration of a program that's fine. i think you can do both. i think you can blend both. host: how does your coalition feel about investment that may not have specific offsets? are you in favor of always finding them? guest: i think there is a distinction to be made between money that is consumption and money that is investment. the federal budget does not have a specifically designated

investment budget. maybe that is something to look into. i think within a balance, you don't need to have a balanced budget every year. you don't want one and a time of recession. there are times when it's appropriate to have a deficit. host: should it take a decade to get back to a balanced budget? guest: it's going to take some time. that is have the whole is. you would not want to do it that quickly. the goal of getting back in 10 years, there is a dynamic and play a lot of people don't focus on. the appropriations bills are determined one year at a time. those not the problem. most of the >> now to las vegas where

hillary clinton will speak. this is her first visit to the state as a 2016 presidential candidates. [applause] mrs. clinton: hi, how are you? wonderful to be back in nevada and here at rancho. i'm delighted to be joined by a number of young people who are going to talk with me and you about their lives and stories and in particular, immigration. i want to of knowledge might -- acknowledge my friend and congresswoman for being here. [applause] it is cinco de mayo, an

especially appropriate day to have this conversation. i want to thank everyone for hosting us today at the high school. i'm looking forward to hearing from each of our panel participants. i have a lot of memories from my time here in nevada. i've gone door-to-door meeting with families not far from this school. i've met with a lot of culinary workers who keep the economy going strong. i accompanied a registered nurse on her 12 hour shift. i was very pleased to go back to her home and have dinner with her and her kids. and i know how hard hit nevadans were by the recession. this state in particular suffered some very tough blows. there were a much higher than

average home foreclosure rates for example. a lot of people lost to their hours were cut, which made it difficult for them to continue to make a good living. we now see that the state is coming back from those tough economic times. families have found ways to make it work for them. we also saw people once again starting businesses, thinking about sending their kids to college. maybe doing some home repairs. putting a little bit aside for retirement. we are not yet back on our feet. we have climbed out of the hole, but we've got to do more than just get by. we have to get ahead and stay ahead. there are a lot of ways to think about how we do that together.

i think it is important to recognize even with all of the hard work and sacrifice so many families made, in many ways, the deck is stacked in favor of those at the top. i'm well aware in las vegas there is nothing worse than a stacked deck. [laughter] i want to reshuffle the deck. i want to be a champion for hard-working americans. i want to work across party lines. i want to work with the public and the private sector. i want people to get back to the good old-fashioned american style of problem solving and setting us on the right course. to help reshuffle the deck, people have to do their part. they have to step up and take

education seriously. they have to be willing to work hard because nothing is given to you. my dad was a small businessman. he was a really small businessman. just a few day workers from time to time. my mom, my brothers. he understood hard work was the path forward in the united states. he made a good living for our family. i will forever be grateful for that. when families are strong america is strong. i am convinced having fox for families going all the way back to my years in law school and ever since, there is nothing more important. in this campaign, we have to wage and win four big fights. one is to build the economy of tomorrow, not yesterday. we've got to be really focused on what is going to prepare

young people and we have to start early. education is the key. education in the first years of life is essential. now we know that brain development really has formed by the time a child is three or four. we've got to do more to make sure every child has the best chance to do well in school, to get ahead. to charge his or her own future. it is also essential that we strengthen families and communities. that's means we have to once and for all fix the immigration system. this is a family issue. it is an economic issue, too. but it is a family issue at heart. if we claim we are for families, we have to pull together and resolve the outstanding issues

around our broken immigration system. the american people support comprehensive immigration reform . notches because it is the right thing to do, and it is, but because they know it strengthens families, strengthens our economy, and our country. that is why we can't wait any longer. we can't wait for a path to equal citizenship. this is where i differ with everybody on the republican side . make no mistake, not a single republican candidate announced or potential is clearly supporting a path to citizenship. not one. when they talk about legal status that is code for second-class status. we should never forget who this debate is about.

you are going to meet some of them in a minute. people who work hard, who love this country, who pay taxes to it and wants nothing more than to build a good future for themselves and their children. we are talking about the young people at this table. they are dreamers in much more than name. i don't understand how anyone can look at these young people and think we should break up more families, or turn away more hard workers with talent to help us build the kind of country we want to see. so i will fight for comprehensive immigration reform and a path to citizenship for you and for your family across our country. i will fight to stop partisan attacks on the executive action that would put dreamers, including those with us today

at risk of deportation. and if congress continues to refuse to act, i would do everything possible under the law to go even further. there are more people, like many parents have dreamers, and others, with deep ties and contributions to our communities, who deserve a chance to stay and i will fight for them. the law currently allows for sympathetic cases to be reviewed. right now most of these cases have no way to get a real hearing. therefore we should put in place a simple, straightforward, accessible way for parents of dreamers and others with a history of service and contribution to their communities, to make their case and to be eligible for the same deferred action as their children. that is just the beginning.

there is much more to do to expand and enhance protections for families and communities to reform immigration and enforcement, so they are more humane, targeted, and effective. to keep building the pressure for comprehensive reform. on a personal basis, the first time i ever met anyone in our country working was when i was about 12 years old, as i recall. through my church, i was recruited, along with some other girls in sunday school, to serve as babysitters on saturday for the small children so the older children could join their parents in the fields. when i was growing up, it was farm fields as far as the eye could see. the migrants, immigrant laborers

would come up, up through the midwest, chicago michigan. we were asked to try to help out. i remember going to the camps where the families lived. taking care of the little kids while kids my age were doing hard work. what stuck in my mind was how at the end of the day there was a long road from the camp that went out to a dirt road in the middle of the field. and the bus that had the workers that came back around 4:00 in the afternoon, stopped and let off the parents and the older brothers and sisters. all of these kids started running down the path to see their moms and dads and their big brothers and sisters. they were scooped up by these

really tired people. i just watched this and thought they are just like me and my brothers. when my dad comes home from work. we go out to see him. after he has come back from his day of doing what he had to do to support us. i've never gotten that experience out of my mind. so, for me, this is about what kind of people we are and what kind of country we have. i am convinced it is in our economic interest. it is in the interest of our values. it is in the interest of our long-term security as a nation. so you know where i stand. there can be no question about it. i will do everything i can as president, and in this campaign, to make this case. i know there are people who

disagree with me. i want them to have a conversation with me. the facts are really clear. we know how much people who are working hard contribute to the economy. in what they buy and do what they pay in taxes. in new york, which i know about our undocumented workers pay more in taxes than some of the biggest corporations in new york. so i'm ready to have this discussion with anybody, anywhere any time. let me turn to the people who are living this story. i want you to meet them and hear from them. i'm going to start with you, if you will introduce yourself, and talk about your own life and what brings you to the table today. >> thank you, secretary. i'm a student at the nevada

state college pursuing my degree in history. i arrived in united states when i was four years old. i came here with my mom and dad. i had a younger brother here. he is a citizen. our family was scammed when i was young. my father was given a deportation order. mrs. clinton: because you hired a lawyer. >> he took advantage of the fact there was a lot of different immigration programs in the 1990's. people did not understand the differences. because of that, my father was given deportation orders. that was not acted on until 2011. we did not know he had that order. right now, because of discretion, my dad will qualify for this program once the

lawsuit is moved out of the way. and my mom will be able to -- we are not afraid she will be deported. mrs. clinton: talk to me about what you have done in school. how you see your future. the contributions you have made as a young person. what you would like to do further. >> growing up, i was dedicated to school. our parents put a big emphasis on me succeeding. because of all the sacrifices they had made. they had not seen their family and 25 years. when i went to middle school, i was dedicated. in seventh grade, i was gladiator of the year because i was the student that showed the most citizenship. [laughter] programs like that i could not take advantage of them because when i turned the age of going to college, i did not have a way

out. i was afraid for many years until finally a counselor in college knew what was happening and helped guide me and i became involved in politics. knowing that i did not have to be afraid because there was something, and they meant other people in the same situation which had never happened before. mrs. clinton: erica-- [applause] that his mom. part of our jobs as mom's to embarrass our children at any possible moment. also when we are proud of them. i'm happy you are there. erica, how did you end up here today? erica: i am here to share my story. i came here when i was two years old. my parents and i made the journey here after we lost my sister.

they wanted to give me a better future. i have a 17-year-old brother. my parents would qualify if the lawsuit was lifted. i'm currently going to cfs. i want to major in political science and psychology. i'm here wondering, what are your plans to help my community and my family not to live in fear anymore? mrs. clinton: that is why it is so important we continue to try to change the laws comprehensively. as i have said numerous times, i support the president's action in the face of an action. i was disappointed when i was a senator for eight years we had a few chances to try to do more for dreamers for comprehensive immigration reform, and we were not successful. when i was secretary of state, i

was great pleased to bipartisan agreement in the senate for comprehensive immigration reform. it was such a good signal that democrats and republicans can work together, solve a difficult problem. could put aside partisan differences. the senate passed it and the house would never take it up. i think it would have passed if they had taken it up. i think the leadership in the house decided that politically they did not want to do that because they had people who were strongly opposed to reform. we have to keep working on it. that is why your stories are important. because we can't look at it as though it is an abstraction. it is real people's lives and sony people who have made contributions, who have worked hard, started businesses, raised

to their children. as you point out, you have a brother who is a u.s. citizen. we have a lot of these blended families and i want to make sure doca and all of the changes that have occurred continue and even expand. i would like to try to do more on the parents of dreamers who are not necessarily included. the best way is to get reform in congress and try to resolve all of this. >> i'm 26 years. i have been here since i was one euro. i graduated this summer with a degree in psychology and criminal justice. when i was 15 years old, my parents and i received orders for deportation. since then, we have lived in fear.

thankfully, i have some relief because of deferred action. i can say the same thing for my parents. unless the lawsuit is dropped, my parents' future is not secure. i stand with the 50,000 immigrants in this country who can file within the one-year deadline for asylum. secretary clinton, would you lift the one-year deadline for asylum-seekers? mrs. clinton: there are several things about that question i would like to answer. i think people in the immigration system should be represented. we have made some progress on that, but not enough. i am in favor, particularly for young people, to have representation. i would like everyone to have it.

if we can prioritize, i would like young people, people from vulnerable populations, who would not have the support they need. i do not think there is anything magic about the one-year. i think we need to look at how we make our entire system more humane. i'm very worried about detention facilities for people who are vulnerable, and four children. i think we could do a better job if we paid attention to people who have a record of violent behavior and that we have a different approach towards people who are not in that category. i do not think we should put children and vulnerable people into the facility because they think they are at risk. there physical and mental health are at risk. these are issues we should go as far as we can to get the resources to provide support and

representation and changes some of our detention processes within the kind of discretion the president has exercised with his executive orders. it is also clear the president has said many times a lot of these issues can only be resolved once and for all if we have changes in the law. i want to protect people. i want more humane treatment. no matter how the law is written or enforced. and to put the resources behind that and continue to fight for reform. >> thank you, secretary clinton, for being here and welcome to nevada. i arrived to the united states when i was seven months old. no that the only place i call home. -- nevada is the only place i call home.

i graduated here, education is one of our strong points as dreamers. because of it, i'm looking at pursuing a law degree. again, the system of immigration messes up my family. i come from a mixed status family. my sister is a u.s. citizen who petitioned to changed my father's legal status. we tried to do the same for my mother. it was either make the decision to have her separate our family or keep our family together. a strong message in the immigration family is keeping families together, and that is the path we took. she continues to be in document. -- undocumented.

she will qualify but with the lawsuit, it is another obstacle in the way. mrs. clinton: could you explain to people what the three and 10 rule is? >> of course. for example, my mother and i, we entered illegally. my father entered with a work permit. he entered legally. we faced a 3-10 year bar because of the way we entered. we took a different way compared to my father. because of it, we have to leave our country, tried to do it the right way. we had to leave the country as a pardon for entering illegally. mrs. clinton: i think your example illustrates the difficulties of these rules that are applied to everybody under

every circumstance, looking out to the underlying situation. you have a sister who is a citizen. a father who is a permanent resident. you came here at seven months, you have done well with your education, and you are a committed young person. and your mother, who kept the family going, would have to leave. in order to be able to petition for reentry and therefore be determined as legal. that is way i have promoted, ever since we have been having this debate, going back to when i was in the senate, a comprehensive program, similar to what the senate passed on a bipartisan basis, where the people who have been here and have contributed and worked hard , you would have to pay a fine.

we would want you to learning list. which is not a problem before anybody around this table. and we would want you to get in line to get a path to citizenship. so you would not be at risk of being deported and you would not have to leave the country in order to be able to try to come back. i think there are, there is agreement among the people who support the bipartisan bill in the senate. some of them are paying a political price for it. it is still the right thing. because we have gained so much from people, like your family who have come here and work chart and made a contribution. thank you for explaining that. it shows how difficult it is in so many families to figure out what to do. juan you have an interesting

story. you are a one of those small businessmen. that is where the jobs are created. that is where the engine of economic recovery comes from. why don't you tell us what you have been doing? juan: my name is juan salazar. i came here when i was seven. i grew up here. i'm undocumented. it hit me when i got out of high school. it was hard to find a job. my friends were getting jobs or their drivers license. i got left behind. thanks to daca, i was able to get a work permit.

as an immigrant, i did not take no opportunity for granted. right away i went to go get my business license. to have my own pool cleaning company. we started off with three pools. i got my business license. i went to get certified. my name and everything. 2-3 later, we have over 50 pool s, and i am growing. i make sure i work hard. we did not have anything when my dad lost his job. we lost our house. we had to sell food to pay the phone bill's. it was the only way up from there. we are working hard every day.

i'm learning through the struggles we have been through, taking it step-by-step. mrs. clinton: i'm very proud to hear your story. let's face it, you can clean pools all year round in nevada. we have a shorter season where i live. [laughter] the fact you and your dad really were determined to recover from losing your home, his job, doing what you had to do to be as successful for possible, is the american story. that is what is so moving about what happened to you. juan: once i got my work permit, i could not say the same thing for my permit -- my parents. they did not qualified. y. i'm happy for the ones who were able to. now they have a speed bump.

they've got to slow down now. i just want to make sure my parents are protected. i would not wish that on anybody. here in nevada 21% of the business are owned by immigrants. we are making, we are moving up and we are making a difference. providing for our families. we are very united. mrs. clinton: that is great. i think you have put an important statistic, which is nationally, so many of the new small businesses are started by immigrants. that is something we should be celebrating, not trying to prevent or breakup because of status differences. you also have the fact you are worried about your parents. i will try to do everything i

can to avoid family breakup avoid the kind of terrible experience to many families have gone through, because they were split up. half of their family, or the breadwinner is picked up and gone one day. it is not smart and it is not right. do you want to share your story? >> i'm 16 years old. i'm a junior. i arrived in this country at the age of 2. since then, i have been able to succeed in school. currently i'm looking toward my future. once i began to looked at what i have, there is not a lot open. i can go to school, but

afterward, what is there for me? i want to be a doctor. i want to go to yale. mrs. clinton: i should brag on you. you have the highest grade point average in the whole class. right? [applause] one of your counselors told me it was 4.8. i did not know it went that tie. you are exactly the kind of student that every family, every community should be proud of. the idea you want to be a doctor is something we should be encouraging and trying to clear the path so you can go on and do that. tell me about your family. what happened with the rest of your family? >> my parents arrived as

undocumented. they were both depending on daca. my dad wants to open his own mechanic shop. with that, he would be able to expand his business. however, he really can't. mrs. clinton: i think it is important to put faces behind the stories. several of you have mentioned how the lawsuit tried to prevent the implementation of president obama's executive order. how that has stopped plans for new businesses for going to school, what you are going to do when you graduate. creating more and certainty. that is what you are describing with respect to your father. i think that certainty is really important. predictability.

regularization if you will. people need to know what is going to happen. it is unrealistic and, i think foolish to continue to talk as though we are going to deport 11 million or 12 million people. that is not going to happen. when you accept the fact that is not going to happen, right? i once calculated when i was in the senate how much money it would cost, how many buses would be required. it is beyond absurd. that is not going to happen. what we have to do is accept the fact we are a nation of immigrants. we always have been. it was franklin roosevelt who might have said we started off as a nation of revolutionaries and immigrants. that has continued throughout

our history. we have to solve the issues that are around this situation we are faced with. the facts are really clear about the contributions, the economic consumer contributions, the paying of taxes, and then the young people who work hard and are looking for a place in society. i know that you have had personal experiences. now is your chance to maybe say what you think should be done and how it should be done so that we have a debate that is about the realities, not about the talking points and the arguments. would you like to start? >> one of the most important things is family unification. 11 million people could not be deported.

millions have been deported. we have victoria here. she is also a trimmer. she has not seen her mother in four years. they had to go back to mexico for an emergency. her mother was unfortunately broke her leg on the journey back to the united states. victoria came here alone. she has been with a guardian. to me, one question, what will happen to those families who have been separated? i go to bed every night. i live in the fear my parents will be deported, but they are still here. i can talk to them. all of our stories have very complex issues. juan working. his family's status. we have siblings. our parents would qualify for adjustment. my question is a little bit

expanding on several of those issues. mrs. clinton: unification should be one of our goals in comprehensive immigration reform. because we have attempted to deal with this challenge for years now and in the absence of actually finally passing reform, a lot of families have been broken up. that is really so painful for people who live through it, and even those on the outside to even imagine what that must be like. that is why i want to do everything we can to defend the president's executive orders. i think they were within his authority, constitutionally, legally, they were based on precedent that i believe is adequate. and still try to go further

like the unification of families that have been split up. yes. >> 276,000 undocumented lgbt immigrants in the united states. some of them are trans. as a lesbian woman, i would like to know how we can protect our trans brothers and sisters where they do not identify with their gender identity? mrs. clinton: i think we have to do more to provide a safe environments for vulnerable populations. that certainly includes lgbt community, children, and unaccompanied children. there are groups of people who

we deserve a higher level of care, because of the situations they are finding themselves in. i also think we have to reform our detention system. i'm not sure a lot of americans know a lot of the detention facilities for immigrants are run by private companies. they have a built in incentive to fill them up. there is actually a legal requirement that so many beds be filled. so people go out and round up people in order to get paid on a per day basis. that makes no sense to me. that is not the way we should be running any detention facility. there is a lot we have to do to change what is currently happening and tried to put us on a path toward a better, humane system for everybody.

>> i think affordability is a major factor. many undocumented immigrants have been exploited. my parents worked for two dollars an hour. that was in 1990. i also think many of our parents have had a working job. it is important to raise the minimum wage to route the country. because i think people deserve to make a living wage. mrs. clinton: i agree with that completely, at the federal level. dave and some cities are on their own raising the minimum wage. there needs to be a federal core.

i believe the democrats will introduce legislation to do that this week. i agree with you. >> secretary clinton, as you mentioned, you're going to keep the executive order if elected president but as of now you mentioned you are going to push congress. we look forward to a day where we become citizens of this country. all of us have knocked doors to get voters out and we tell them our stories, because it is important, they are not only voting for themselves, they are voting for us and the future of this country. if and when elected, do you plan to push congress as your first initiative, to push for immigration reform? mrs. clinton: it will be among my first initiative's. i can't predict what will be happening. that happened to president obama when he was elected and found out we were falling into an

economic abyss. he deserves a lot of credit for re-stabilizing the situation and getting us back on the economic upswing. among the priorities i would be advocating for in the beginning would be comprehensive immigration reform. one of the reasons for that, as secretary of state, i saw what happened to countries that established a second-class status for people. they do not feel they belong, or they have any allegiance to the country in which they live and work. they are never fully accepted. that is a recipe for divisive nests -- divisiveness and disintegration. my view is that we are a nation of immigrants. we have assimilated tens and

tens of millions of people over the course of our history. we have 11, 12 million people who are undocumented. the vast majority of whom have proven they want to be a citizen of this country and we should put them on that path. those who say we can do reform, but not a path to citizenship would be undermining what has made america a unique. the way we have assimilated people. the way people feel loyal, the contributions they make. this is not just the right thing to do for america, if you compare us to other countries that did not take that step, you can see what it has done to them. i don't want to go there. i support a path to citizenship in the constext of immigration reform.

juan: i wanted to add a personal story. when i graduated high school, i could not find any work. my dad was not working as well. we found a landscaping job. doing labor for a company. we were getting paid six dollars an hour. they would work us excessively. i was young. working really hard. it's got to a point where i remember we had been working. we could not look at the boss in the eye. even if it was lunchtime, you had to work. a lot of stories like that. other stories with stuff like that. it is really hard.

me and my dad worked really hard. when he would get home from work, and i would see him limping, that is what motivated me to do something for us. he raised me to respect everyone and to be honest and supported me with school. just looking out for him. i'm really glad he is my business partner. mrs. clinton: i bet he would say the same thing about you. you make a good point. it is not only about minimum wage and decent working conditions for people like you. often times it is about

conversations with people who are fearful about immigration reform. their fears are rooted in the feeling they are losing jobs. they are going to people who are undocumented. part of that fear has a reality to it because people pay you six dollars an hour, because you are undocumented. why would they pay somebody who is a citizen what the minimum wage should be? i argument is to put -- the better the job market will be for everybody. you will not have a group of people who are taken advantage of and you do not have others who feel as though they are losing jobs because this group is being taken advantage of and they are paid less and treated worse.

my argument to people who worry about comprehensive reform and the effect on their job is, it is the opposite. the sooner we can get to legalization, the better the job market will be for everybody. employers will not be able to violate the laws. because they are not dealing with a workforce that is scared to say anything, or even scared to look at the boss when he shows up. this is about everybody. not just you and your dad. juan: one more question. i just wanted to say i know here in nevada, education, we keep on lowering the education. a lot of kids aren't graduating. we need to reach out to these kids and show them that school

is very important and so is higher education. maybe we need to figure out some other way. a lot of the reason is because of funding. they can't afford it. so they decide not to go to school. mrs. clinton: that is a big part of what we have to do. whether it is community college or college or a job training program that will give them a good start. and make -- you make a strong point. it is so expensive to continue your education that too many kids are feeling and their parents are feeling it is the on their reach. that is why i support president obama's proposal for free community college which at least

get you started and i would like to look to see how we get the debt under control and give people a chance to not be burdened by debt which makes it really hard for them to start a business or to continue their education so this is going to be a big part of my education policy as i go forward with the campaign. you are 100% right. too many people feel it is out of their reach or they graduate with some much debt they feel like they are paralyzed. they do not know what to do and they cannot buy a house, they cannot get married, they cannot start a business because the oh so much in student debt. -- they owe so much in student debt. the average student in iowa graduates with thousands dollars of debt. you have a lot of people who do

not have that much assets and income so it is relative to what they can afford. i learned today that this school uses title i funds to pay for the ap exam fee. when you look at high school education, making it possible for more students to have access to advanced placement courses really upset level of education. it gives kids a leg up because they may have some credit before they ever get there but too many kids in the past and across our country do not take the test because i do not know what it does today. $80? 85. that is a lot of money if you're are making minimum wage or less.

i hope the administrators are still here. i want to give them a big shout out for using title room and one -- title i funding. i am sure you will do some of that next year. or currently. you have them tomorrow? >> that is monday and statistics and english next wednesday. mrs. clinton: wow. >> once that was established, it opened many doors. oftentimes the journey ends there and i was wondering if or what was your position or what will you offer in order for us to continue our education.

mrs. clinton: it is very shortsighted of us not to legalize students who graduate from college and can use their skills to make a good life for themselves but also to give back. we have thousands of foreign students come to our country every year. they get a great education in our colleges and universities and a lot of them stay. i want you to be a doctor if that is what you want to be. you have, to our system, you have worked hard, you have done exceptionally well. i think this is the particular fix in addition to the other fixes we have been talking about. i read an article recently about a group of young undocumented men who were really interested

in technology and the entered a contest against kids from the best schools and companies and they won. so you have four kids who beat the best of the best and they could not do anything because they were undocumented. i'm sitting there thinking, what is wrong with this picture? we are in a global opposition and i intend for us to win it and i'm about -- not about to let anyone who can make a contribution to our economy and society get thrown away. from my perspective we need to fix that we need to remove the fear, and we need to make sure that we give every child a chance to do the best that he or she can. if that means going to yale and becoming a doctor -- [inaudible] [applause] as you can tell, i could be here all day. we have six exceptional young people, we have some proud parents and grandparents and

teachers here. but let me and where i started. thinking rancho for having me here, thinking each of you for being willing and brave enough to sit here and talk about your own lives. i want to reiterate my strong support for the president's executive action because he had to act in the face of inaction that was not on the merits but politically motivated. for partisan reasons which i think is not the way we should be solving our problems in our country. in our congress or anywhere else. i am so pleased that the congresswoman is here because i know she is a champion for a lot of the issues that we are talking about. i want to get back to good old-fashioned problem-solving and this is one of the problems we have to solve together so i

pledge to you i will do everything i possibly can to make this an issue in the campaign but more importantly, when i am president, to put it on the top of my priority list. you stay here. we will get the principal and others to come up and join us. let's get the administrators who invited us all here to come and stand. if you will stand with us we will get a picture with everybody. why do you join us? -- why don't you join us? write me a memo on what i need to do differently. [laughter] you want to come around? we all stand up. that is good. excellent.

ok, come closer. and juan, give me that. that's great. ok, look at barb and we will look at all the proud parents with their cameras. ok,'s a look over here. -- so look over here. ok, got some cameras over here. it's like when you are on the red carpet. look here. ok. thank you. you want to come around?

i am so happy i could. thank you so much. >> i am grateful. mrs. clinton: is your name barbara? >> barb. [inaudible] i love that. great.

thank you. >> one last thing. mrs. clinton: you have to watch the campaign starting with what i did today. thank you.

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>> mike huckabee announced he is running for president. he made the announcement from his home town of hope, arkansas. we will show you his entire speech at eight eastern and open up our phones to get your reaction after the speech. >> it was here that i became the first male in my entire family lineage to graduate from high school. at the very same campus that stands today right down on main street. it was from here that i went on to college at washington back just university and it was also

-- baptist university and was first here that i ran for student council and hope junior high school. -- at hope junior high school. [laughter] [applause] it seems perfectly fitting that he would be here that i announced that i am a candidate for president of the united states. [cheers and applause] >> presidential candidates often released books to introduce themselves to voters. here's a look at some recent books written by declared and potential candidates for president. former secretary of state hillary clinton looks back on her time serving in the ed -- obama administration in "hard choices." marco rubio outlined his plan to

restore economic it to them -- opportunity. and in blue-collar conservatives, presidential candidate rick santorum argues the republican party must focus on the working-class interlude to retake the white house. in a fighting chance, elizabeth warren recounts the events in her white -- live that -- her life that shaped her career. scott walker argues republicans must find bold solutions. rand paul who recently declared his candidacy's call -- candidacy calls for more bipartisanship. more candidates include former governor jeb bush. he along with another writer argued for more enhanced

possibilities. former virginia senator james webb looks back on his time serving in the military and in the senate in "i heard my country calling." bernie sanders recently announced his attention -- in tension to seek the democratic nomination for president. his book is a printing of his eight hour long filibuster against tax cuts. in promises to keep i president joe biden, looks back on his career in politics and explains his guiding prints is. near a surgeon ben carson calls for greater individual responsibility to preserve america's future in one nation. in fed up, former texas governor explains government has become too intrusive and must get out of the way. another person who expressed interest is lincoln chafee.

he recounts his time serving as a republican in the senate. carly fiorina shares lessons she has learned from her difficulties and triumphs in "rising to the challenge." bobby jindal chris is to the obama administration and admits white conservative relations are needed. and finally in time for troops, another declared presidential candidate recounts his journey from a cuban immigrant toss son to the usa. the for his book in june. -- look for his book in june. >> a conversation on inner-city poverty. and then from the asymmetric warfare training center, on preparing the u.s. military for urban warfare in foreign conflicts.

"washington journal" is on each stay at 7 a.m. -- h day at 7 a.m. ashton carter and the joint -- chairman of the joint chiefs of staff comment on. thursday morning, loretta lynch testified before congress for the first time since being confirmed as attorney general. she goes before the senate appropriations subcommittee that handles justice department spending. that is thursday live here on c-span. >> sunday night on "q&a," kate andersen brower on those who

work them. >> who are the thick ones? >> he works every week at the white house. nine members of the family were there. his uncles -- ran the white house, he said. they brought him and when he was 17 during the eisenhower administration. he describes how you use to work in the kitchen and he was such a skinny little guy they kept giving him ice cream to eat. it is incredible that he remembers what the eisenhower's were like. i wanted to pay tribute to these people. sunday night on "q&a."

earlier today, my cut could be announced he is running for president. he made the announcement from his hometown in hope, arkansas. we will show you his entire speech in about 10 minutes after a portion of tonight's white house briefing. press secretary josh earnest answered questions about trade legislation in congress. and the shooting at a texas contest featuring drawings of the muslim prophet mohammed. >> i did have any commencement's -- announcements to begin. >> does the u.s. have may -- any information to corporate the claims that their possible -- responsible for [inaudible] >> to determine what ties -- it

is too early to say. the thing we can say definitively is that because of the quick add fresh knowledge and bit -- brave work of local law enforcement officers and the attempted terrorist attack was foiled. that certainly is again a testament to the courage and professionalism of the public servants who are there. >> is it too early to say that the islamic state has come to the u.s.? >> before we made a pronouncement about anything like that, we certainly would want to make sure that we knew a lot more about the facts. we know that there are extremists around the globe including some who are affiliated with isis who are trying to capitalize on the

opportunity as presented by social media to communicate with individuals around the world including inside the united states. there have been a large number of -- there have been a number of individuals, and americans are been apprehended by law enforcement who are intending to travel to the middle east to -- that is an indication of their level of sympathy for isil or extremist organizations around the world so we are vigilant about the efforts that are underway by isil and other extremist organizations to try to radicalize some individuals and there were closely with community leaders, law enforcement officials, to try to counter that threat and mitigate that threat into a tune that we can be vigilant about. the president convened that summit to try to collate best

practices that are used in communities across the country and that can be used in other communities to repel this threat so it -- but it is one that we continue to be exceedingly [inaudible] about. >> [inaudible] that is the judgment we will leave up to individual media organizations. the principle that i restated yesterday is the one that applies. there is no expression, however offensive, that justifies his active terrorism or even an act of violence. and apparently they were responding to one form of expression that they found offensive and try to use that as

justification to carry out an act of terror. that is something the president has condemned. this is a firm principle that we're going to protect when it comes to the freedom of expression and freedom of the press and freedom of speech. >> one question on the nomination of joseph dunford. what message is the president trying to send on this one. >> he had the opportunity to nominate general dunford. the president has gotten to know general dunford. gerald dunford has served this country in a variety of roles but including an combat. that combat experience is

valuable to individuals who serve in military leadership positions as well. he is somebody who walks the walk. and the president is going to rely on the general for his broader strategic advice but is pleased that will be informed by his own personal experience in combat. the president and general dunford have talked about the challenge in afghanistan. the president had counted on him for unvarnished advice about our military strategy and the president's forward to continue to rely on that advice in the years ahead. one of the significant challenges facing the next chairman of the jet -- joint team of staff, we continue to

draw down our military personnel from afghanistan. we have improved the relationship we have with the afghan people. general -- general dunford understands that dynamic and the president is going to rely heavily on his advices he makes decisions for consistent with the national security interests of the united states. >> there is no deal in sight yet [inaudible] how concerned is the white house about that and what sense are you involved? >> [inaudible] efforts by the major european economies in greece to reconcile the differences and is the

treasury secretary jetblue -- jack lew, he is in regular touch with his counterpart in your of her. -- and you. the thing we continue to be placed i is that individuals on all sides indicate that they believe is the u.s. leave is in the interest of the global economy for the year paid union to -- european reunion to remain intact. we can -- to resolve this in a way that does not add additional or necessary drama.

this is something we continue to march are closely and we are encouraged by the good-faith efforts that have been made to try to minimize to -- the drama and uncertainty. to extent -- to what extent did the president -- was he involved at all? i have -- he will spend time leaders in the community who have in the frontlines of this over the last several years that the tensions between many members of the community and local law enforcement have worsened.

i know the attorney general is planning to meet with the family of freddie gray. she will spend some time meeting with those officers that have in injured in the context of violence of what we have seen their. she is going to spend a lot of time on the ground training journal inches -- with the strong support of law enforcement, given her track record as a career prosecutor with a track record of prosecuting everyone from those suspected of acts of terrorism to white-collar criminals. she inspires the officer she has worked with. attorney general lynch is somebody that has when she was nominated also at the strong support of the civil rights community as well.

that means she is well-positioned to bring about the kind of healing that baltimore needs right now. i do not know if they have had an opportunity to talk since then. >> former governor my country be announces his candidacy for president followed by your president and comments. later, a discussion on the 16 cap amp break -- campaign break. my cut to be candidate for the 2016 nomination. he made his decision