resolution to the vote now. all those in favor, please raise their hand. the result of the voting is as follows -- the draft resolution saved 15 votes in favor. the draft resolution has been adopted unanimously as resolution 2231 2015. i now give the floor to those members of the council to wish to make statements after the vote.

i give the floor to the representatives of the united states. >> thank you, mr. president. today, we have adopted the un security council resolution in the comprehensive plan of action agreed to six days ago. by now, many are familiar with the basic tenants of the deal, which if implemented, would cut off all pathways to physical material for a nuclear weapon for the islamic republic of iran. the jcp oa will cut the number of centrifuges by two thirds and prevent iran from preventing weapons grade plutonium. they will go from a quantity that could produce approximately 10 nuclear weapons to a fraction of what is needed for a single

nuclear weapon. the deal will quadruple the breakout time come the time needed to produce enough weapons grade uranium for one nuclear weapon. from the cry to estimate of 2-3 months come it will require iran and all states to comply with legally binding activities. 90 days from today when our respective capitals and legislatures have carefully reviewed the deals provisions some of the commitments should take effect. sanctions relief for begin only when a run -- iran completely steps necessary with the deal. it is important to step back from the jcp away to its larger lessons, lessons of enforcing global norms, the essential role

of diplomacy, the need for ongoing budget lens, and the necessity of the unity of this council. lessons that have applications for ensuring implementation of the deal and for tackling other crises that threaten us today. this year, we mark 70 years since the founding of the u.n. the second secretary-general famously said it was not created to bring us to heaven but to save us from hell. in the wake of the loss of life in the second world war and the suffering it caused, or preventatives from nations around the world came together with an aim -- to save succeeding generations from the scorch of war. the first lesson we can learn from how this deal was secured is that it is not enough to agree to global norms such as that against the pull of ration -- proliferation of nuclear weapons. this council must take steps to enforce global norms.

in 2006 in response to iran's efforts to develop a nuclear program, the when put forth the toughest sanction regime in history. faced with the ongoing noncompliance, the u.n. tightened sanctions. this regime played a critical role in helping lay the groundwork for the toxic would give rise to the jcp away. -- jcpoa. this was echoed last week for president obama. " let us never negotiate out of fear but let us never fear to negotiate." given the devastating human toll of war, we have a responsibility to test diplomacy. in 2010, when susan rice spoke

in this chamber after the council strengthened sanctions on iran, she cited the ways they violated its commitments and obligations under prior security council revolutions. she also said the u.n. reaffirms -- the u.s. reaffirms our commitment to engage in creative diplomacy. we will remain ready to continue diplomacy with iran and its leaders. when a credible opening emerge from negotiations, that is what the u.s. and other members did. there were many occasions over the last two years of grueling negotiations when any party could have a walked away. he distances just seemed too great. the history between us steering and the resulting mistrust defining. the u.s. and our partners knew

that we had a responsibility to try to overcome these obstacles and resolve the crisis peacefully. one only has to spend a week in the security council and hear accounts of the bloodshed and heartbreak in yemen, syria libya, any other conflict ridden part of the world to be reminded of the consequences of war. sometimes as a u.n. charter and history make clear, the use of force is required but we all of the responsibility to work aggressively in the diplomatic channels to secure our objectives peaceably. this deal does not change our concern about human rights violations committed by the iranian government or about the instability they feel be on their nuclear program from its support for terrorist proxies to its repeated threats against israel to its other destabilizing activities. that is why the u.s. will

continue to invest in the security of our allies and white we will maintain our own sanctions related to their support for terrorism, ballistic missiles program, and humans rights violations. this deal will in no way diminish the u.s. outrage over the unjust attention of u.s. citizens by the government of iran. let me use this occasion to call again on iran to immediately release all unjustly detained americans. amir falsely accused of espionage and a washington post correspondent who just a year ago was covering the nuclear negotiations. i call on iran to help locate robert levinson who has been missing from iran since 2007. no family should be forced to endure the anguish these families feel and we will not rest until they are home where they belong.

denying iran a nuclear weapon is important not in spite of these other destabilizing actions but rather because of them. as president obama pointed out that is precisely why we are taking this step because amn iran with a nuclear weapon would be far more destabilizing to our allies in the world. while this deal does not address many of our concerns, if implemented, it would make the world more safer and secure. if well reaching this deal matters, our work is far from finished. in the months and years ahead the international community must apply the same rigor to ensuring compliance to the jcpoa as we did to drafting and negotiating it. implementation is everything. that is why so many verification measures have been built into this deal. the kcpoa wil grant the iea access when and where it needs

it. inspectors will have access to the entire supply chain that supports iran's programs. we can trigger a process of the security council that will reinstate the u.n. sanctions. the fourth and final lesson we can learn from the process that led us here today is that when our nations truly unite to confront global crises come our impact rose exponentially. the founders of the u.n. understood this concept intrinsically ended trying -- enshrined it in the charter which called on each of us to unite our strength to maintain international peace and security.

it is now an axiom our nations can do more to advance peace justice, human dignity by working together than any other single country can achieve on its own. indeed only when we act as united nations can we address the world's most intractable problems. although we don't see this unity enough here at the u.n. the countries of the u.n. did largely unite behind because of preventing nuclear proliferation in iran and it was the persistent multilateral pressure that came out of this unity combined with the critical openness to seeking a diplomatic solution that gave the p5 plus one negotiators leverage the needed to get the deal that would advance our collective security. let me conclude. ultimately, the only proper measure of this deal and all of the tireless efforts that went into it will be its implementation. this deal gives iran an opportunity to prove to be rolled it intends to pursue a

nuclear program solely for peaceful purposes. if they see is that opportunity abides by the commitment it agreed to as it did throughout the time of the negotiations, if it to build upon the mutual respect and diligence that is negotiators demonstrated and if it demonstrates a willingness to respect international standards upon which our collective security rests, it will find international community and these united states willing to provide a path outside of isolation and toward greater engagement. we hope iran's government will choose that path is only because it will make the u.s. and the world more secure but also because it will more fully empower the iranian people whose potential all of us should wish to see him locked. just think for one moment how much more effective this council would be if we were to bring the same approach to tackling other

threats to international peace and security today. rigorous enforcement and willingness to be relentless in our pursuit of tough principle diplomacy even when the odds seem stacked against us, a commitment not just a resolution but to their full implementation and a willingness to overcome divisions to strengthen our collective security. think what we may be able to achieve of the horrific suffering in syria today and the progress the when could make rita bring the same political will to advancing the human right of the world's most vulnerable people at we have two cutting off a run -- ir at least toa a nuclear weapon. nhow it is humbling to imagine how much more we could achieve and it should motivate us to do far more. thank you. >> i think the representative of

-- thank the representative of the u.s. for a statement and i give the floor to the representative of china. >> mr. president, just now coming security council unanimously adopted resolution on the iranian nuclear deal endorsing the comprehensive agreement on the iranian nuclear issue reached between the p5 plus one. efforts over the past 10 years over the arabian nuclear issue despite ups and downs have finally resulted in the political solution with the conclusion of the comprehensive agreement the international regime is safeguarded. iran has made its political commitment to not developing nuclear weapons but is given the

legitimate right to the peaceful uses of nuclear energy. he ran --iran's relationship with all sides have turned a different page. the resolution of the agreement has given us the revelation of far-reaching significance about contemporary international relations. first, setting up a new type of international system censoring on benefits. the nuclear issue based on the immediate interest and core interests of all sides without a winning spirit, the company heads of agreement could be reached. secondly, it is essential to stay the course and seeking political solutions. however difficult the process is, political solution is always the only practical and liable pathway. the comprehensive agreement has

also created a successful example for coping with other international and regional hotspot issues through political and diplomatic means. thirdly, as long as one maintains confidence demonstrates political will, and makes efforts to secure a political solution, it will be hospital to achieve success. the adoption by the council of the resolution endorsing the comprehensive agreement is the first important step in the process of implementation of the agreement. it is a good beginning. the process of implementation of the agreement and the next 10 years will be even more important. it is essential to adhere to the following principles. first, implement the resolution of the council and company heads of agreement and a balanced, accurate, comprehensive manner. all sides should fulfill the commitments they have made and effectively implement all the provisions of the agreement.

second, in accordance with the principle of mutual respect and mutual benefit, it is essential to appropriately resolve the differences that may arise during the process of implementation, demonstrate good will come and stay the course for the implementation of the comprehensive agreement. first, it is necessary to take stock of the experience and good practices during the process of double mentation, maintain -- a double mentation and -- of implementation. china has all along worked constructively for the negotiations on the iranian nuclear issue and we will continue to make new contributions to the implementation of the company heads of agreement in a responsible manner. thank you, mr. president. >> i think the representative of

china for his statement. i give the floor to the representative of france. >> mr. president, france welcomes the adoption of this resolution, which represents a historic moment for international peace and security as well as for our counsel. after 12 years of nuclear crisis, we finally managed to reach agreement with iran on the 14th of july in the end of following several months of negotiations will stop this agreement lays out a roadmap -- negotiations. it proves the relevance and robustness of our nonproliferation of regime.

this will contribute to regional international stability. iran with nuclear weapons would have fuller -- further destabilize this region. thanks to this agreement, we can write together a new chapter in the history of this region. it is above all the authority of our counsel and our collective security system which is strengthened thanks to this agreement. one of the most serious crises of the last two decades at the commitment contains can be resolved easily through the path of dialogue and negotiation. president, this agreement first and foremost proves the success of a method and as you know, the crisis in 2003 has always favor the path of dialogue.

our conviction was that the result and pressure from international community are essential. are american, russian, chinese partners and the entirety of the security council ran to this approach and were able to put together these negotiation framework which allowed us to achieve our purpose 12 years later. this agreement -- throughout the negotiation process, france has not deviated from its position. yes to civil nuclear capacity for a run no two nuclear weapons. in this context, france has involved itself in the negotiating solutions. it is this resolve that has allowed us to reach a binding agreement with a specific and credible agreement whose double mentation well satisfied expectation of the international community and delay the concern

of a run -- iran's neighbors. it is the responsibility of the security council to endorse the vienna agreement and guarantee its implementation. if the negotiations are now over, we are entering into a time of action and diligence of oversight. the implementation process includes clear and specific limitations on the iranian nuclear program derived from a robust system and has a snap that provision which allows for the automatic reinstatement of sanctions. the iaea will play a vital role. france with its partners will monitor compliance with this agreement. we will judge actions around

willingness to make this agreement to success. the role and unity of these accounts will also be crucial. the lifting of the sanctions previously imposed by the security council is conditional upon around -- iran's provisions. today, we are together turning the page to a new chapter. the main body of the chapter remains to be written and the next few weeks will be decisive in all of this. thank you. >> i think the representative of france -- thank the representative of france for his statement. i give the floor to the representative of russia. >> thank you, mr. president. the resolution adopted in

support of the joint comprehensive plan of action ushers in a fundamental shift in the consideration by the security council come to situation related to the arena nuclear program with a view to resolving this issue. we turn not simply a page but a chapter in the work of the council by creating a new reality. we expect that all countries will quickly adapt to the new conditions and will contribute to successful implementation of the agreement. the security council and the international community it represents has supported a clear choice to resolve the situation by pertaining to the irani and nuclear program through political and diplomatic means on the base of international law. a choice has been confirmed in favor of a mutual respectability and cooperation. we are happy the base for the decision has been a gradual approach and one based on

something our country has consistently supported. today come the security council has confirmed the unalienable right of a run to develop if you feel nuclear program while ensuring apprehensive control. the resolution guarantees a removal of the burden of sanctions on iran and the framework of the implementation through a clear and transparent mechanism, which will be made operational by concrete steps based on confidence in a run and -- iran. the jcpoa as confirmed in the resolution contains reliable filters that will guarantee disagreements that could arise will be subject to collective consideration and in the framework of the joint

commission. the security council maintains the leading role in issues. during the negotiations, we knew that the plan of action would be subject to approval by security council. we focused attention on ensuring the prerogatives of this body of the charter respective of the role of members to implementing the agreement. we are grateful to aiea. we hope the agreement will help other countries in the middle east to refrain from destabilizing moves, including in the nuclear sphere. and ensure the region does not enter an arms race. positive conditions are being created to create a zone in the

middle east free of weapons of mass distraction and to find common approaches among the countries to regional security issues including ensuring their collective efforts against the terrorist threat. vladimir putin underscored russia will do everything it can to ensure the agreements become fully operational to strengthen international security, regional security and mobilizing a broad coalition in the region to counteract the terrorist threat. we would like to note that all the negotiating terms of all participating countries deserve the highest praise. he would like to commend the governments of austria and switzerland who ensured optimal conditions and we like to praise our friends from kazakhstan. which an agreement to surround

the issues surrounding the nuclear program demonstrates where there is a political will based on realism and respectful legitimate neutral interest of the international community, the most complex task can be resolved. i'll be negotiations have demonstrated our readiness to engage in collective efforts. it reserve of trust has been built. we hope that this is a valuable experience in joining efforts and the unburdened by ideological calculations based on geopolitical interests and will be used to resolve other crisis situations. russia will be ready to do this. to buy. -- thank you. >> i give the floor to the representative of the united kingdom. >> thank you, mr. president. the united kingdom welcomes the adoption of human security

council resolution 20 to 31. the resolution endorses the joint comprehensive plan of action agreed in vienna last week. it creates the baseline from which to recalibrate our broader relationships with iran. it is an opportunity for us all to reengage economically and culturally with an important regional power as it takes on its proper responsibility for improving stability in the region. today's adoption is an important milestone in the history of this council. it is the combination of negotiations that had taken place over more than a decade. the joint comprehensive plan of action is a landmark achievement and i join my colleagues in expressing my congratulations and attitude to everyone that has been involved in this process. in this council, we often call for the peaceful resolution of

disputes. in some cases, progress is slow and situations remain unresolved. while in the past we have phone on iran to expect our concerns, we can be proud that a run is committed to take actions to address those concerns. i'm delighted that the council has endorsed this deal unanimously. it is a good deal, good for the united kingdom and its international community, good for the region, good for a run -- iran,. n. this resolution will address our concerns through competence of commitments by a rent to -- iran. as soon as iran takes steps on its nuclear program, it will receive comprehensive economic and financial sanctions relief, enabling trade more freely with the rest of the world. iran will be treated just like

any other nonnuclear weapon state. mr. president, we now need to look ahead and make sure we all deliver on our commitments as we commence this agreement. that will not be easy. there will inevitably the unforeseen obstacles but we must live up to our commitments come out in good faith, and try to resolve together any problems in up lamenting this deal. -- implementing this deal. we will maintain oversight of implementation of this agreement and we need to take significant steps to support its implementation. in some areas, this will involve working methods for the council. we will have to be flexible and imaginative. this deal gives us the chance to change the relationship between iran and the security council

and change the dynamics in the region and beyond. we can now stop the work of rebuilding -- start the work of rebuilding the deficit of trust. we can start to normalize our relationships. we will also encourage iran has an opportunity to make a positive decision about their responsibilities in the region. the world is now a favorite place in the knowledge that iran cannot build a nuclear bomb. i encourage all of us in this counsel to share the same determination, courage, and vision in supporting this project and pursuing our other top priorities as the negotiators on all sides have demonstrated in getting us the agreement we have endorsed here today. thank you, mr. president.

>> think the representative of the -- i think -- thank the representative of the united kingdom for his statement. >> thank you very much, mr. president. today, we are witnessing a triumphant diplomacy following a complex negotiation. i would like to add my voice and congratulate all those party to this negotiation. we congratulate iran, the united states, russia china, the united kingdom, france, and germany. they have shown there is nothing impossible. they have given a welcome stimulus to continue our work here in the council. some challenges which sometimes

seem insurmountable and now we can find inspiration and example such as that which has been brought together today. at the end of the century -- we need to focus on dialogue instead of confrontation. this will serve a common interest and will be to our benefit. the benefits in this agreement will be undeniable. the world is now a safer place than it was before. we are also faced with the work of the security council. resolution 1713 seven -- 17137 wanted to put limits on iran's

nuclear program. this has held its course which has been shown today. this was a decisive base for details of this agreement. we can make the security council the most valuable guardian of peace around the world. this is a symbiotic relationship. the more efficient this organization is, the stronger and more capable we are to meet future challenges. we have opportunities and challenges remaining before us. opportunities because we now have a balanced agreement with strengthens -- which strengthens the organization and gives us the perfect opportunity. we can take advantage of this energy is this agreement offers. we have to highlight the

beneficial outcome of this agreement for the wider region. it brings an element of stability to such an unstable region. we need to use this to tackle the specter of terrorism. we need to make sure that what countries need is fulfilled on a timely basis. that will decide in the next few hours what will be the future of this agreement. we must continue to demonstrate unity and determination. must find the most effective way of ensuring that the restrictions which will remain in place for the agreed amount of time are upheld.

as chair of the 17137 resolution committee, i can assure i will continue to uphold my position throughout this agreement. the greatest source of happiness for me would be to see this committee disappear in light of this drafted resolution. this would mean that, on a daily basis, we would have achieved the goal of this agreement. 1737, like a phoenix, can rise from the ashes. you can count on. work and commitment from spain. -- you can count on full

commitment. >> mr. president jordan welcomes the agreement on the iranian nuclear file as well as the political and diplomatic effort made by china, france, germany, the russian federation, the united kingdom, and the united states, as well as the european union to reach said agreement. jordan has always called for a peaceful diplomatic solution to the iranian nuclear file. therefore, jordan supports any aims at entrenching regional and international peace and security as well as stability particularly in the current conditions pervading in the

middle east at the current time. we hope that this agreement will promote further confidence among the states of the region. we also wish for the affects of this agreement to have a positive repercussion on all states of the region and on the security and stability of the people. we hope that this will be a positive, constructive step to prevent a new arms race in the middle east region and to reach the region -- rid the region of all weapons of mass description -- destruction. we stress the importance of the role of the international atomic weapon agency.

thank you, mr. president. >> i thank the representative of jordan for the statement. i give the floor to the representative of chile. >> thank you, mr. president. i would like to express my satisfaction with the adoption of this resolution. with this resolution, this counsel has endorsed the agreement reached by iran and the eu. we welcome this agreement. it contributes to resolve the discrepancies involving the scope and repercussions of the nuclear program.

we hope that the robust elements of verification will make it possible to strengthen trust between the parties while reserving -- preserving the integrity and strengthen the role of the i ava and promoting through that organization a greater cooperation to preserve peace in the middle east. the agreement has reiterated the irreplaceable value of negotiation and diplomacy in the context of international relations. the flexibility and creativity that all parties have demonstrated clearly speak to the determination and commitment to peace and cooperation which are the guiding principles of our organization. at this historic juncture, the security council and the

governing board of the iaea, we will in short full support to the implementation of this agreement and we hope to contribute to promoting trust and provide better conditions to the region. >> i thank the representative of chile for his eight meant. i give the floor to the representative of when his way to -- venezuela. >> thank you. we cosponsored and voted in favor of this resolution. it gratifies the agreement speech between t5 plus one, the european union, and the islamic republic of iran. we are convinced that through this resolution, the security council can give firm backing to this peace agreement which opens

a new phase in the relationship between different states. we welcome this agreement and we congratulate all delegations involved in the negotiation. the negotiation was very significant for this document. it has testified to their commitment, courage, and political will. that has been demonstrated in the 18 months. this proves once again that when political commitment is in place and agreements peaceful dialogue is the only way forward. other approaches only lead to a lack of trust and to conflict. this agreement is a diplomatic triumph.

it is far superior to war. the jcp oa will guarantee iran to promote its technical and energy independence. we are equally convinced that this instrument will make a positive contribution to the birth of a new phase in the diplomatic relationship between iran and the parties to disagreement based on mutual trust, respect, and collective commitment to strengthen international peace and security. we are delighted to see that the agreement reached will allow us finally to achieve the definitive listing of these sanctions regimes imposed by the security council, as well as a listing of other measures which are a legally applied in other

areas related to iran's nuclear program which will restrict access on a commercial and economic financial and energy basis which have negatively affected the population and other states. we would like to reiterate our full support for the implementation of this document to pave the way for the well-being and progress of the iranian people. we hope the agreement reached will be the beginning of a political process which will allow us to make sure we can provide other peaceful solutions to other conflicts later on. this includes yemen, iraq, and syria, as well as the relationship between israel and palestine.

thank you very much. >> i thank the representative of venezuela. i give the floor to the representative of malaysia. >> thank you. thank you for giving me the floor to explain malaysia's vote on this resolution adopted by counsel on which we had corresponded and voted in favor. at the outset, i want to congratulate the delegations responsible for reaching this

historic agreement namely china, france, germany, the russian federation, the united kingdom, the united states, the islamic republic of iran, and the european republic. we congratulate them for the dialogue. the course of action endorsed by the council by this resolution is a positive step. we look forward to the immediate and constructive implementation of this resolution by all concerned parties. the agreement reached on 14 july is a landmark understanding which in our view, reinforces the principles while at the same time is seen like a balance with

concerns on cooperation as provided under the nuclear treaty. we are convinced that we continue to occupy a central role in love being an essential foundation for the pursuit of general and complete -- as well as being an essential foundation for the pursuit of general and complete nuclear pursuits. as a member of this counsel, and a member of the 1737 committee, malaysia works -- malaysia looks forward to working with other committee members with a view to work towards the eventual ending

of all sanctions against iran. we hope that the successful and will mentation of this resolution could possibly contribute to stability in the middle east and beyond. >> i thank the representative of malaysia. i give the floor to the representative of nigeria. >> thank you. we would like to begin by congratulating the parties. iran, china, france, germany united kingdom, the russian federation, the united states and the european union. the agreement is a victory for diplomacy. no matter how difficult a subject is, with commitment and determination, a decision can

produce results. nigeria has voted in favor of this resolution because we are convinced to aid the process of the implementation of this agreement. we urge parties to implement the plan transparently and in good faith. we see this opportunity to once more reaffirm our support for the peaceful uses of nuclear energy in accordance with article four of the nonproliferation treaty. thank you. >> i thank the representative from nigeria. i give the floor to the representative of angola. >> thank you. our delegation is very honored to take part in this session of the security council and cast it's about on this historic resolution which represents the

trial of the nuclear terror association. the agreement we have just endorsed is clear evidence that any political problem, the more complex it might be, can have negotiated solutions if the parties show political will and commitment to seek peaceful solutions and avoid the recourse to military means. the present agreement is additionally special since for many years diplomacy have been defeated in all middle east disputes. mr. president, the united states china, france germany the united kingdom, the russian federation, the european union and the islamic republic of iran deserve all of our praise for being able to reach such an

outstanding achievement by concluding the joint comprehensive plan of action as a contribution to the building of confidence and exclusively peaceful nature of iran's nuclear program. we hope that implementation of the program takes place with the best possible results that national parliaments give their endorsement to the treaty, that the international republic agency assumes its role in verifying compliance with the agreement, and that sanctions imposed on iran be lifted in accordance with provisions of the plan of action. it is our expectation or wishful thinking that the very difficult process will provide understanding of each other's

views and expectations and will permit the building of mutual confidence. it's an innovative factor that might create new dynamics in the region. the closing or opening of the iranian nuclear program after so many years is a limited outcome. now, we want more. the people of the region deserve more. the agreement so far reached should be followed by other outstanding initiatives addressing regional issues. it is our view that further efforts should be applied by the security council permanent members and by taking advantage of the negotiating dynamics

opened by the iranian nuclear program to reach out to regional powers in the middle east to address and resolve proxy wars and other situations affecting the reason -- region, namely the fight against isil, the palestinian issue, and the war in yemen. as well as eliminating the political fracture. the establishment of new dynamics in the region would be in our view, the greatest a college meant and most valuable -- accomplishment and most valuable part of the process we are approving today through the -- through this landmark agreement. >> i thank the representative of

an gola. i give the floor to the representative of lithuania. >> we welcome this adoption agreed by the e3 eu plus three and iran on july 14. we believe this deal based on iran's and will mentation of essential changes to its nuclear program in return to the lifting of sanctions provides a real path to resolve disputes and further educate. it also marks a victory for multilateralism and international diplomacy and it proves that sustained pressure by the international community can create conditions that bring parties to the negotiation table and keep them engaged in good faith.

lithuania applauds the perseverance and determination of all those involved in this extraordinary diplomatic endeavor. in particular, we applaud the instrument oh coordinating role played by both former and current eu representatives. the core of this deal is to ensure international communities trust in the peaceful nature of iran's nuclear program. iran's agreement to implement the additional protocol to its comprehensive safeguards agreement as well as full transparency measures will provide the international atomic energy agency the ability to iran have extensive access to -- to have extensive access to iran 's nuclear sites.

in addition to the rigorous verification measures, iran will remain under legally binding charter-based obligation to comply with the embargo. the travel ban and asset freeze will also remain in place while this counsel will continue to be actively engaged in monitoring the limitation of the plan of action. finally, all current sanctions will be reinstated in the event of a significant violation of iran's jc poa factors. it will open the door to a steady improvement of relations with iran, and publicly contribute to regional and international peace and stability.

thank you. >> i think the representative of lithuania. i give the floor to the representative of chad. >> chad would like to join those who spoke before me to salute the signature of an agreement between the republic of iran and the european union. an agreement regarding the joint copper has a plan of action regarding the iranian nuclear program. creating an atmosphere that is conducive to the implementation of the aforementioned plan of action, and chad encourages them to implement their commitments

fully. it's important to recall that the plan of action that the subjugated counsel has just approved is the outcome of a long process. the text -- the volume of the text of the agreement, the complexity, and the length of the negotiations clearly proof -- prove that openness of mines -- minds and determination of the parties overcame all of these issues. we would like to congratulate all of the parties for the courage, the determination, the tactful mess, and the wisdom that they have demonstrated in reaching a negotiated solution to the iranian nuclear program.

we share their satisfaction over having managed to reach an agreement that could not be reached for over two years. we support the future efforts in implementing the agreement reached on july 14 and chad is convinced of the riches of dialogue and peace, which is why we voted in favor of this resolution. the adoption of this resolution symbolizes the noble principles in the u.n. charter that calls on peaceful resolution of differences without the use of threats. the framework of this approach, we welcome the leadership of the united states and the new approach of leaders which focuses on dialogue, peace, and

stability around the world. on this point, we completely agree with what president obama said when he received the nobel peace prize in 2009. he said, "sanctions and condemnations without discussions will ultimately fail ." chad hopes that the iaea will monitor the agreement that has been signed and provide a roadmap for verification of past and current issues that are at hand. with this in mind, chad anchorages the iaea and iran to

cooperate fully to confirm the successful implementation of this resolution. we also hope the measures implemented will remove the sanctions implemented in 2005 and 2006. mr. president, we would like to repeat that all of the other parties for the npt treaty, iran is entitled to develop the research and nuclear energy for other purposes and we hope the agreement reached on july 14 will allow iran to join the

community of nations and provide contributions in international cooperation. no contribution -- every contribution should be welcomed in maintaining international peace and security. in conclusion, we would like to repeat our encouragement to all parties for the 14 july agreement and call on the commitments in this under keating -- undertaking. chad has signed and ratified an agreement which makes it an area free of nuclear weapons. we have been rid of these weapons of mass destruction where the use of nuclear science and research has been only for peaceful purposes.

to sign on to the slogan that is very relevant, nuclear energy for all, nuclear weapons for no one. thank you. >> i thank the representative of chad. i shall now make a statement in my capacity as the minister of foreign affairs of new zealand. >> -- today, the members, the european union, germany, and iran have presented us with an agreement which is fully and lamented -- which if fully implemented provides a long-term solution. the historic agreement reached in vienna represents a triumphant of diplomacy in cooperation over confrontation and mistrust. new zealand commends all the

parties for staying the course through what were complex and challenging negotiations. it is now crucial to an sure the agreement is fully and swiftly implemented and that small missteps and misunderstandings are not allowed to derail the process. we urge all parties to approach this task with the same constructive intent that has led to this agreement, and we encourage iran to act quickly to implement all transparency measures and allow the iaea access to the relevant sites. by the adoption of this resolution, we give international legal force to the agreement reached in vienna and extend that the obligations it contains across the border-union membership.

new zealand endorses the comments of high representative margaret that this is a good deal for everyone. for the parties you signed up to it, and for the rest of the international community. there are too few days on which we can say that constructive and patient diplomacy succeeded in bridging the dip -- differences and mistrust that contain the seeds of conflict. today, we mark an opportunity to change the nature of the relationship between iran and the international community. we remind ourselves that with the right approach and with the commitment of key stakeholders, even seemingly intractable issues can be resolved through diplomacy and dialogue. for this counsel as we confront the extraordinarily difficult challenges in relation to the middle east these process

syria, iraq, yemen, and libya this is a message we should reflect upon today. i reserve my -- resume my sanction as president of the council. i now give the floor to the representative of the islamic nation of iran. >> this resolution that the council just adopted represents a significant development and marks a fundamental shift in the conservation of iran's peaceful nuclear program by the council in the past 10 years. the jcpoa is the result of a series of extensive and collective dialogue for the last two years to give diplomacy a chance.

this fundamentally different approach will help all of us look for the best possible way out to put an end to an unfulfilled crisis and achievement for all parties involved and the international community. the resolution that was adopted and the jcpoa that was endorsed today and also for the termination of the security council resolution that placed sanctions on iran for its approach to exercise its rights it was grounded on nothing but speculation and hearsay. nobody has ever presented any proof indicating that iran's program has been anything but peaceful. the iaea that put facilities

under inspection has always reported that iran has always stood by every restriction. only japan have been subject to greater scrutiny. japan have much more extensive nuclear facilities. last year, iran even surpassed japan in their number of inspections. the involvement of the security council was not caused by a suspicion of the nuclear program, but by a statement to compel iran to suspend its program. that demand was not only unnecessary and uncalled for but in fact, iran came to the unanimous conclusion of the 2000 and 2010 conferences to speculate that their choices of

membership with regard to the nuclear site activities must be respected. it also elected that the demands and sanctions imposed upon iran in 1737 were punishments. in engaging with italy and the eu, iranian people have had the foresight to move forward. without losing sight of the past. that is why we hope that we open a new chapter. we cannot accept or forget the previous treatment of iran starting from the use of chemical weapons to its more recent treatment of the iranian

useful nuclear row graham. -- program. the solution we have arrived at will strengthen the use of nuclear nonproliferation in its entirety. it includes and recognizes the right of iran to develop nuclear programs for peaceful purposes. rights and obligations of the parties to the npt as under any other international regime, can only go hand-in-hand obligations with these regimes only of rights can also be achievable. not the threats of sanctions or war could sustain the npt in the long run.

this includes total nuclear disarmament. looking to the future, my government hopes that the jcpoa and this resolution start a new chapter in relations with iran and the international community. iran is in a position and willing to comply fully with its commitment under the jcpoa because it is already committed to its later who has already declared all weapons of mass destruction to harrumph -- haram. we hope the council will do the

same with regards to the same documents in the agreement. it is encouraging all members to cooperate with iran in the framework of the jcpoa and the peaceful use of nuclear energy and related projects, as well as its emphasis that the jcpoa is conducive to promoting and facilitating the development of new economies and trade contracts and cooperation with iran are all encouraging. mr. president why are we still focused on the nuclear issue -- while we are still focused on the nuclear issue, iran expects

it do a positive influence on the international community. it reinforces faith and diplomacy as the most rational way to resolve issues, and it shows that diplomacy can prevail over war and sanctions. it is therefore a clear message to those who still believe that they can achieve everything through force. second, the jcpoa has the capability to help development in this region for the real issues at hand. we hope it helps turn the page in our region. enabling countries to close the ranks and fight against violent

extremism and to move towards more cooperation to separate threats that our region and the world face. countries in our region have a very high stake in defeating violent extremism. the jcpoa participants are also facing similar problems. we are now free to focus on real issues and finish it from the bitter environment conducive to a wider cooperation among all actors. third, the development in the region will show our neighbors that iran is ready to engage in a new phase with all of them based on mutual respect

neighborliness, and brotherhood. we have many common opportunities to benefit from in the region. this is the time to start working together against our most common and important challenges, which includes above all, violent extremism. this proves once more that it does not see peace in our region as a priority.

we alert our friends and neighbors not to fall into the trap. in this context, it is also not surprising that this is the only obstacle in the way of establishing a nuclear freedom. my country initiated more than 40 years ago and has never seen -- and has ever since promoted. the security council should live up to its primary responsibility under the u.n. charter and take necessary action to neutralize this. mr. president let me recall that iran as a nation has withstood enormous storms while

being a steadfast -- being steadfast and preserving its identity. we have not reneged on commitments. we only accept commitments that we can abide by. iran is resolute in fulfilling its obligations, we expect that our counterparts do the same. displaying good faith, honoring commitments, and adopting the right approach, then diplomacy can prevail over violence suffering, and oppression. this will provide a solid foundation for further and more

effective diplomacy -- diplomatic interactions. i conclude, let me thank those who supported the jcpoa and also those countries who haven't. let me respond to some baseless accusations by some members some previous speakers. it is ironic that the distinguished ambassador of united states accuse my country -- accused of my country of harboring a hostage. reckless acts of the united

states in our region for so many years are at the root of so many challenges we are now facing in our neighborhood. iran is a stable country in an unstable region. we want our stability to persist. we do promote a stability in the region and we help our neighbors to stabilize and cooperate towards that. in conclusion, let me also inform you that my delegation upon instruction from a government is forwarding the statement of the islamic republic of iran following the actions today by the security council to be circulated as a document of the security council. thank you. >> i thank the representative of the islamic republic of iran. i now give the floor to mr.

thomas. >> thank you. the high representative of the european union has asked me to convey the following message to the united nations security council. the agreement reached in vienna on the 14th of july 2015 between iran and china france, germany russia, the united kingdom, the united dates of america, with the support of the high representative of the union for foreign security policy, and a joint conference of plan of action is historic in nature. the agreement once implemented marks a conclusion to the long-running diplomatic efforts to reach a comprehensive long-lasting, and peaceful solution to the iranian nuclear issue. one that will provide the necessary assurances on the exclusively peaceful nature of

iran's nuclear program on the one hand, and the list -- lifting of sanctions on the other. as such, it represents a significant achievement and a tribute to the merits of patient diplomacy from all sides. it is appropriate that this deal was struck in vienna, where all this began 12 years ago when the international atomic energy agency started to look into possible iranian undeclared nuclear activities. since then, there have been many months and years of at times difficult negotiations. a key milestone in that process was the interim geneva agreement in 2013, the smooth implementation of which provided necessary time and space for the conflict negotiation process which followed. this resulted in the parameters being set for the final deal. the format was especially effective.

we feel that the european union in particular was able to play a crucial or facilitation role throughout the whole process. the european union has been facilitator, moderator, and in the final stages, pen holder of the jcpoa text and its nexus. it is hard to imagine another actor who could have done this year it a key element -- this. a key element of success was maintaining the unity of the group. it is to the credit of all those who participated that we stayed committed to reaching a mutually beneficial deal. the fact that the self-imposed deadline was overrun several times bears witness of the shared view that a quality agreement was vastly superior to a quick one. the agreement is good, durable and very viable. iran has agreed to make changes to its nuclear program. the international atomic energy agency will have the access it

needs to determine when iran has completed those actions and to detect any future violation of the agreement. iran will receive sanction lifting and return. the jcpoa set out in detail what is required by all sides providing clarity to facilitate the implementation of the agreement. together with a conclusion to be made by the international atomic energy agency in that regard, the full implementation by iran of its commitments under the jcpoa will contribute to building confidence in the exclusively peaceful nature of the iranian nuclear program. it will be necessary for all sides to work now towards implementing this joint comprehensive program of action. the security council resolution adopted today is a key element in this process. as agreed in vienna, the

european union will endorse the security council resolution in conclusions of the foreign affairs council which is in session as we are speaking. the european union will also endorse the jcp oa and commits to abide by its terms and to follow the agreed implementation plan. in effect, the european union acts -- actions will be carried out in accordance with the timeline and modalities specified in the jcpoa, and that as stipulated there, the determination of implementation of economic and financial sanctions would come into effect once the international atomic energy agency has verified that iran has implemented all of its nuclear related commitments. for the time being, the provisions and the joint plan of

action agreed in geneva in 2013 have been extended for a further six months to cover the period until the international atomic energy agency has verified that iran has carried out its commitment. the high representative of the union for foreign affairs and security policy will continue her support and coordinating role during the entire implementation phase of the jcpoa. she hopes and expects that this positive development will open the door to a steady improvement in relations between the european union, its member states, and iran, as well as improved iranian regional and international relations, and that it will constitute the basis of a more stable and secure region in the longer term. it is essential that this opportunity is seized by all. thank you, mr. president. >> i thank you for your

statement. i now give the floor to the representative of germany. >> the agreement reached in vienna and endorsed today by this council with resolution 2231 is an important and possibly historic step towards ending the decade-long conflict surrounding iran's nuclear program. as such, it has the potential to ease concerns regarding peace and security in the region, and beyond. allow me to briefly examine its significance from three different angles. firstly, germany firmly believes that the agreement does in fact reduce the risk of a nuclear arms race. after long and demanding negotiations am a the e3 plus three and the eu have produced

an incredible framework which will prevent iran from obtaining nuclear weapons. iran has committed itself to comprehensive technical restrictions in an unprecedented transparent regime that will allow us to rule out any covert nuclear activities. the agreement is not merely built on trust or goodwill, we have established a unique and long-term set of confidence building measures. everything we agreed on will be strict we monitored. a powerful snapback mechanism for -- mechanism will provide an additional incentive. it will now be crucial to effectively implement the agreement. the international atomic energy agency will have an important role in this regard. in exchange for the nuclear restrictions, iran will profit from early and comprehensive sanction relief. a resolution -- the resolution

adopted today is a step in the right direction. second the agreement also offers ample political opportunities for iran. it reflects a fundamental choice by the iranian government. it is an expression of intent to be a constructive part of the international community. it is up to iran to deliver on this commitment. we express our hope that in fulfilling the agreement, iran will see this potential to bring about improvement in other fields as well, from civil liberties to human rights, and the accommodation of regional security concerns. finally, we hope that the agreement reached in vienna will also have a positive effect on the relations between iran, the european union, and its member states and will improve iran's regional and international

relations. we also hope it will open the door to a more constructive iranian foreign policy and ultimately contribute to a more secure and stable region. mr. president, the agreement reached in vienna on july 14 has proven that complex and long-standing conflict can be peacefully resolved if there is enough political will and courage. it is a victory for diplomacy and for the principles of the united nations. thank you mr. president. >> i thank the representative of germany for his statement. there are no more names inscribed on the list of speakers. the meeting is adjourned.

>> the iran nuclear agreement puts a swift approval on the united nations and the security council, but\on capitol hill -- back lash on capitol hill. it has caused quite a furor on capitol hill. john boehner is one of the commenters. read more on our website. coming up, we will have remarks from nigerian president -- the nigerian president. tonight, on the communicators. we will speak with the wall street journal's information age columnist on why he thinks washington is a danger zone for innovation. text i think if you -- >> i think if you go back to earlier technologies like railroads and the telephone

monopoly, those were regulated as common carriers, regulators set prices, terms, rules. we all know what happened. there was very little innovation in railroads and in telephones. and all those statutes were undone by congress when it was so clear that innovation was being suppressed and the u.s. was falling behind in it competitiveness. that was the backdrop to the consensus that the internet would be different. this was during the clinton administration. a clear consensus that unlike the earlier technologies the internet was going to be largely unregulated. announcer: at 8:00 eastern on

c-span2. tonight, remarks from a nigerian leader. nigerian is looking for trade relations with more advanced partners, including the u.s.. the president speaks tonight at a u.s. chamber of commerce event. this is that: 15 eastern on c-span. tomorrow to discuss the white house and congressional agenda for the august recess. then a look at the recent surgery on childhood party rate, plus phone calls and tweets. both chambers of congress return tomorrow.

it will be procedural vote for 2:15 p.m. eastern. all of the senate on c-span2. the house returns and members begins debate on to bills, one that establishes safety management of coal-fired power plants. the house is on c-span. for a more in-depth look at this agenda, is earlier today with a capitol hill reporter. host: what are the key legislative items on tap this week, just a few weeks ahead of the august break? guest: good morning, john. thanks for having me. i think it is going to be all highways all the time.

is the last thing they have to do, the last must-have piece of legislation they have to do before they leave for the long august recess. the time restraint here because the trust fund dips below a certain level at the end of this month and that means that it is going to cut off aid to states other local governments. very few lawmakers want to get back home and explain to people there why they are not getting highway funds. there's a lot of pressure on congress to do this. they've done it a number of times over the past -- the statistic i've read was since 2009 they passed 34 short-term funding bills, so the real trick is to they do a short-term patch or a long-term fix? the house has already passed its bill. last week it passed an $8 billion attached video and about five months. the senate republicans don't want to do that, they want to do something much longer. mcconnell has said he wants to do some thing to get you at least 2016 elections.

there's another group, bipartisan group of senators that wants to do something much longer than that, they want to do a six-year bill. but a lot of sticking points here, and the number one concern is going to be the pay-fors, everyone wants the highway bill, but a lot of disagreements on a partisan disagreements about how you pay for it and so you can expect all those fights to be taking place this week. host: is there enough time for a long-term patch for that fight to happen in the senate and the house? at what point does the senate abandon those plans if it's not working for short-term patch? guest: good question. the answer is it depends on who you ask. there are guys who think a lot of these are not nearly enough. there are people who have been working on the pay-fors for years. the trick is getting more and more people on board. as the week evolves, we want

open quickly of people are getting on board and if there is a possibility for longer-term plan. again, the ideas we see floated in the senate right now, one is $80 billion bill that would get you through the 2016 elections this with senator mcconnell is looking at, and a group that wants a $275 billion six-year deal. no one really think that's possible, at least this month. good question, when do they just go back to the house bill and passed the $8 billion and get you through december? how long do they keep fighting for $80 billion? we don't know the answer. we should know pretty soon, they have a procedural vote on this thing tomorrow. there will have to vote on something, they don't know what it is. but we will know quickly what they are going to do. host: before you go, you mentioned members already looking ahead to the long august recess area gives a preview of some of the deadlines that hit in the fall, pretty quickly right when numbers of congress

get back into town and take up legislative again? guest: they going to come back in september, the federal government shuts down on october 1. they have a month to pass appropriation bills or some kind of big package to prevent a government shutdown. remember two years ago, the government did shut down because they couldn't get that job done and it really bit the republicans politically, now they control both chambers, they don't want that to happen again, particularly the year out of a presidential election. no one is expecting a shut down, but we do expect a tough fight over government spending. later in the fall unit the debt ceiling, another enormously contentious issue. a lot of republicans don't want to raise the debt ceiling, they just want to cut deficits and cut the debt that way. we will have that fight a later. the big one when they come back is going to be government funding with the two-year-old shutdown in mind, and it's not an easy issue for the republicans to legislate with their conservative caucuses.

host: mike lillis with "the hill." we always appreciate you on "washington journal." guest: appreciate it. announcer: ccing games you that the best access to congress, only that that sheet of the policy. and every morning, "washington journal" is live with your comments by phone, facebook, and twitter. c-span, brought to you as a public service by your local cable and satellite provider. announcer: earlier today panelists examined the rise of designer drugs and strategies to address consumer demand. this is an hour and a half.

>> good afternoon. i vice president for defense policies advocated. i want to thank you for being here today and thank you to the staff at cato and those of you watching online. the topic today is timely. news organizations as recently as yesterday in a front-page story have talked about the proliferation of synthetic or designer drugs that produce psychological and his effects similar to those of traditional mind-altering drugs. policymakers have scrambled to

outlaw substances that can regain legal status with a modest change chemical makeup. some drugs masqueraded as legal products, air fresheners, or potpourri. the question is candies -altering substances be outlaw without resorting to torture legal rationales. all are there alternatives to pre-revisionist -- prohibitionists strategies, or can strict production standards be used but not to ban use. we have copies outside of analysis. if you want copies online, this is available. this study by ted carpenter examines issues we are talking about today.

his remarks will be followed by comments by others. a few words about my friend and mentor, ted. ted carpenter is a senior fellow for policy at cato. he served as the director of foreign policies that he's -- studies. please the author of nine and the editor of 10 books on international affairs, including "the fire next door." his other books include "smart policywer." he serves on editorial boards.

he is the author of more than 600 articles and policy studies. his articles have appeared in "the new york times" and many others. as a guest on television and radio, in latin america, europe east asia. he received his phd from the university of texas. with that, ted carpenter. [applause] mr. carpenter: thank you very much. he is correct that this is a timely topic. it seems like every time you turn around and is a major news article about synthetic drugs and the alleged threat to public health and safety. my study focuses on designer drugs, a subset of synthetic

drugs, artificial substances that minute the effects of traditional mind-altering drugs. synthetic drugs have been around for a number of day. we are to know your with the methamphetamine phenomena and in the united states, and that has been around for more than three decades. if you go back farther, back to 1960 half's and the flap over ellis a desk over lsd. you seen in the past five years is a new family of synthetic drugs, which are the ones i called designer drugs. and there are two major categories. there are exceptions, one synthetic marijuana, often going

by the name of spice, and then -- which mimic the effects of cocaine and flakka is probably the best-known of that category. as chris indicated, not the designer drugs are marketed as perfectly legal substances, everything from potpourri to air finishing dependent -- air freshener, attitude, and was at the substances are labeled not for human consumption. let's say people have disregarded those warning labels with a vengeance. and the increased use of designer drugs, and most of those are coming from production sites either in mexico or more commonly now suburban sites in

china and then shipped over to the united states and other markets. as use levels have risen, and news media stories also surged, and often with scare headlines about the dire threat to public health and safety. now, there is no question there has been a surge of use in so-called designer drugs. just accessing the data on visits to emergency rooms will poison control centers or so on, which is there has been a tremendous surge over the last 5, 6, 10 years. and the drug prohibitions argue

that this poses and especially serious threat to children. a person who is an official of the drug enforcement administration says the bigger user -- the biggest user population of these drugs are 12 - to 17-year-olds. the rationale is that these drugs until recently at the are of legality and were easy to get, therefore children were especially prone to use them. i was always extremely skeptical about that argument. for one thing children and usually by you are talking about teenagers, very little trouble getting taxes to explicitly illegal substances over the years. if you visit any high school in

america, i actually you, within 15 to 30 minutes, you will know the local drug dealers are. the students know who they are and can refer you very easily. and many of us can testify through personal experience that it was never difficult to get our hands on liquor, even though theoretically we were ba rred from access to such substances until age 21. identify that i drank more from the ages of 15 to 21 than i have since 21. so there is the easy axis argument that falls apart -- access argument that falls apart. what about his argument that most users of designer drugs are

12- to 17-yaers-olds? we do not migrate great data on this yet, but it is pertinent know that the argument that elicit drug use -- il drug use as a special minuteslicit the children has been a comment theme of prohibitionists for decades. they use it with regard to traditional illegal drugs. and yet the 2013 survey on drug use and health of the substance abuse and mental health services administration confirmed the findings of earlier surveys that the use of marijuana and other illegal drugs is predominantly an adult life. excess of 80% of users are over

the age of 18, and there is little in the data regarding synthetic drugs. preliminary and it is to indicate that it is so with those substances. synthetic drugs do not seem all that popular among teenagers begin with. natural marijuana, which is the mildest least harmful of illicit drugs, is still by far their drug of choice. the university of michigan's study in 2014 found that some 35% of high school seniors reported using marijuana during the previous year. and that figure has been remarkably steady over the past two decades or more. and as a personal thing with me, but i get irritated every time i hear teenagers especially those in their late teens described as children.

high school seniors are either already adu already 18, or 17-year-oldlts, on the threshold of adulthood. there hardly children. we ought to keep that in perspective. if you look at drug use among teenagers, this and that it drug issue is not all that big a problem. figures from the 2014 university of michigan study, and monitoring the future study found the use of synthetic marijuana actually declined steadily among all three groups serve day, eight-graders 10th-graders, and 12-graders from 2010. among 12th-graders, reported use of synthetic marijuana went from

11.4% to less than 6%. this is not consistent with the theory of an epidemic of designer drug use. the trend in the use of bath salts showed a similar pattern. and moreover contrary to the scare headlines in the media that illicit drug did not see popular to begin with. in 2012, fewer than 2% of high school seniors reported using that salt during the previous 12 months. in the 2014 survey, it was barely 1%. again, this is not consistent with a theory of an academic. -- epidemic. i do not want to argue that the use of synthetic drugs is without its problems. synthetics drugs have caused

problems. those of the problems are associated with toothaches. either questions about purity, questions about dosages. and that is a problem with all illegal drugs. that is not unique to synthetics. but users of synthetic drugs have charged that nobody knows what is in this stuff. again, that is an inherent problem within the prohibition system. prohibition does a wonderful job pushing the trade of a substance to the hands of the most unscrupulous elements in society . it empowers and enriches criminal enterprises. in those enterprises are not going to be overly concerned to put it mildly, about the health and safety of their customers. so -- and this is been a problem with traditional drugs and not

just synthetics -- that you get a ghost, you will use it, you have no idea how strong that those might be, whether it might be perfectly safe or it might be legal or something in between. -- lethal or something in between. and same thing about it. aspect. you may have drugs intimidated the other substances, highly toxic substances. that is an inherent problem within a prohibitions is. prohibition is about salt any of the problems. it makes them worse. and as with more traditional drugs, trying to outlaw the drugs is a fool's area. even socially conservative societies have found they had not been able to stand the use

of synthetic drugs. in my study, eyesight two examples -- i cite two examples, russia and iran, and entities in that he's out iran they execute drug users. in both societies, they have had a significant rise in use of synthetic drugs. in iran, has rapidly dispersing more traditional durgs. -- drugs. now synthetics are apparently the drug of choice. so even these highly conservative, highly repressive societies have not been able to stand out that kind of drug use. when you canonsider out of

maximum-security prisons. what are our chances of keeping them out of a free and society? the answer is we have no chance of doing this. and what do we do? do we ignore the problem? not necessarily. there are things we can do. but the goal should be to channel the trade in these substances as well as other currently illicit drugs into legal channels, into the hands of representable -- reputable businesses, and that means requiring standards of labeling and dosage so that customers know what they are getting.. and then as citizens of free societies, a need to make decisions. as a percentage of the

population seems to have a great desire to get high one way or another. people have been sniffing glue and paint thinner for decades. we're not about to outlaw those substances either. we certainly would not be effective if we tried. again, the focus of the on a harm-reduction policy, one tries to channel the train as much as possible into the hands of reputable businesses, guarantees accurate labeling and dosage, and then allows people to remain free to make their own decisions for good or ill. nobody said the ability to make these decisions will always sure why this decision -- will always ensure why decisions. one thing we can be sure of is that provision of synthetic drugs, provision of these

designer drugs, it's not going to work any better than prohibition has with regard to alcohol in the 1920's or early 1930's or with marijuana and cocaine in the decades since then. we should not apply the same failed model to this new phenomenon. thank you. [applause] mr. preble: thank you, ted. now let me introduce our two distinguished commentators. eric sterling has been the president of the criminal justice policy foundation, a private nonprofit that helps education nation about criminal justice issues and failed global drug policy. mr. sterling was counsel to the is house of representatives committee on judiciary from 1979 until 1989, where he was a principal for responsible -- a

principal responsible for position. he has processed the emergency amendment in the 1984 crime control act and the designer drug enforcement act of 1986. he was the principal step in developing an act of 1988, part of the anti-drug abuse act of 1988 brought many of the precursor chemicals under dea jurisdiction including the ban on the manufacture and distribution of certain flasks. i do not know what that is. three-neck round-bottom flasks. mr. sterling serves on the board of directors of families against mandatory minimums and marijuana

majority in the voluntary committee of lawyers and a number of other boards. eric received a b.a. from haverford college in his j.d. graduated from hurricane island outward bound school in 1968 and led wilderness canoe trips and climbed the matterhorn in 1979. i cannot top that. our second commentator is taken over -- our second commentator is jacob hornberger. he was a trial lawyer for 12 years in texas. he was an adjunct professor at university of dallas. in 1987, he left the practice of law to become director of programs at the foundation for economic education.

he has advanced free markets on top musicians around the country and on a number of shows including those on fox news, and he appears regularly on other shows. for that, eric, take it over. mr. sterling: thank you for that introduction and it is an honor to speak to keep it. i started attending sessions such as this advocate in 19 -- at cat in 1981. my thinking and pasteo that was shaped by the speakers i heard at cato. and he asked to speak to cato is really a high point for me. this question of synthetic drugs we are addressing a tremendous

deja vu for knee professionally, should be a job who for libertarians to eight or so. this is a copy of "inquiry" magazine from february 1984. the title is "the war on drugs is over. the government has lost." the author is now a senior political writer. he lays out in this article essentially the story you are facing right now dealing with synthetics. i want to give him credit for being suppressed in -- being so prescient.