>> tonight on "the communicators,." he had always heard of silicon valley, entry and of getting to america. from a very young age, that is what he planned to do. at 17, he ran away from home. >> bloomberg businessweek reported ashlee vance on one of silicon valley's most inventive leaders, elon musk. he has this attention to detail. he pushes his workers really hard. i tend to lead more to this edison kind of idea, although i think he has a lot to prove. what i have taken away is he that gets these

thousands of engineers, the brightest of the bright, and these very hard-working individuals, and is able to get products out of them that can be commercialized and have really changed industry. to me, he is the guy that has combined software and hardware in a way that nobody else has. >> tonight on "the communicators" on c-span two. >> ben bernanke, the former chair of the federal reserve will be speaking at the brookings institute today in washington. his focus will be defense spending, and also an economic outlook. here on c-span, we will continue to focus on the road to the white house 2016, and the ongoing iowa state fair. today's appearances include scott walker. he is at 11:00. hewlett-packard ceo, carly fiorina, i want to climb -- at 1:00.

lindsey graham at 4:00. we have more now from iowa. remarks from this past weekend. first up, former secretary of state hillary clinton. then, bernie sanders. hillary clinton: the facts of the same from the very beginning of these questions being raised. most importantly, i have a sense if classified information --

never received any. i will let whatever this inquiry is to go forward, and will await the outcomes of it. the state department has confirmed what i just said to you. i do think that if you look at the republicans in congress running for president, there is an unfortunate tendency to try and tragedy inn benghazi. i fundamentally disagree with it and do not think it is right. i will not participate. plays out. how this when i travel around the country, it is never raised in my town halls or other meetings

with people. i think what people are interested in is what senator harkin said, who will get the economy moving, who will get the willof challenge down, who open up the workforce to women, people with disabilities, and so much more. it is what i talk about on the campaign trail. people say they are worried about the general election viability. is that not on your mind? clinton: no, it is not. ationis the usual partisan of what goes on. i have been at this for a long time. i think people across the country want to vote for someone who will deliver results for them. i think i have a very strong case to make. local. go to someone

>> [indiscernible] hillary clinton: could you repeat that? >> [indiscernible] senator harkin: i don't know about timing. i'm going on the trip with my grandkids this summer, and spent the entire month of july working on the american disabilities act . time.ccupied a lot of my

>> are you saying that the intelligence community and department of justice is conducting a partisan investigation of your e-mails? hillary clinton: i'm saying the weight it has been used during the state department did confirm that i did not send or receive any material marked classified. this is not just about me. >> [indiscernible] hillary clinton: that is something they will have to determine. i think there are disputes amongst agencies about what could have, should have been done. that is something for them to work out. receivet send no material marked classified. clinton -- you

have been criticized with president obama in promoting the spread of isis. you think the administration needs to do more to stop it? hillary clinton: i have stated -- i find it curious that jeb bush is doubling down on his spending of his brother's actions in iraq. if he's going to do that, he needs to present the entire theure it includes agreement in iraq that set the draw troops.o a wonder whether he just did not know that, or thought that other people would

not be reminded of that. him to make whatever he wishes of the campaign. there is a joint line between the agreement that george bush signed, and the effort that the obama administration made, which i was a part, that persuaded be maliki government to continue american support for the iraqi army to make sure that the investment in training would pay off. want a continuing american presence. i think what is being done with respect to isis is very .ignificant the support united states is now providing to the iraqi army to retrain, because of what maliki

did to really start to a erode its abilities. this has to be an iraqi led mission. who has followed the horrific and barbaric behavior of isis, i am very committed to supporting the efforts within the region to try threat that they pose to everyone, but particularly to women, and especially women of certain religious backgrounds. deeplyn area that is so distressing to read about what is going on there. tohink we have to do more get the region together to drive

isis out of the territory that they occupy to rescue the people that they have, predominantly women. i think president obama is doing what he can to bring that about. theow do you assess republican field? did you ever expect to see donald trump on top of the list? all of harkin: them trying to appeal to a i don't thinkum -- that is healthy for the republican party.

they tend to be more divisive and separate people. wille more moderate voices come out in the republican primary. >> you are about to go on vacation time at the end of the week. biggest mistake you think you have made so far? hillary just having a -- clinton: i am just having a good time. it is mostly for me a continuing conversation with the american people. i'm enjoying it, getting a lot out of it, learning a lot.

i will give you a quick example of why i find this so personally rewarding. yesterday, a woman said she was because i talked about mental health. the reason i talked about until health is because four months ago and iowa, people talk to me about mental health. i want to have this continuing conversation of what is on the minds of americans. i will fight as hard as i can to earn every vote, here and across the country. harkin: let me also i want to be frank. i never said this to hillary before. i thought certain mistakes were made.

hillary is doing everything right. the organization is strong. hillary was one of the first to come out and meet iowans. believe, in the caucus, hillary will come out great. >> [indiscernible]

hillary clinton: senator harkin is there, with a hat.

>> we love you, hillary!

hillary clinton: he is really into this. my husband went with him to the belmont stakes. american pharaoh won, so exciting. >> yes. where is bill? >> thank you so much for coming. senator harkin: what is your name? >> sarah.

hillary clinton: how are you? nice to see you again. nice to see you. >> secretary clinton -- thank you so much.

>> we are glad to have a here. -- you here. >> [indiscernible]

hillary clinton: you know, i knew very well john sister. we had so much fun together. oh my gosh. came, and was posted in the attorney general's office. bill demonstrated go to washington for a while -- convinced her to go to washington for a while. >> [indiscernible] hillary clinton: you bet. we need a picture that we can take together. you have a phone? how are you? >> nice to meet you. hillary clinton: thank you so much. here we go.

want one by yourself? that's wonderful. hillary clinton: it was such a run a-- she and i used to pot luck together when we were living in fayetteville. .e would have a little potluck it was like something she brought from iowa. it to washington. janet reno, you remember? >> exactly. hillary clinton: everybody needs each other, talks -- can. will do everything we

>> [indiscernible]

hillary clinton: it sounds wonderful, but then it happens to you -- bill and i are crazy. .e are like way over the top thank you both so much. >> nice to meet you. hillary clinton: take care. >> [indiscernible]

>> she wanted her kids to grow up on a farm. it's fantastic. wonderful. the family farm, generation after generation. my grandfather bought the place in 1905. hillary clinton: what about you? i amnd six generation --

th generation. hillary clinton: how far back does that go? >> [indiscernible] hillary clinton: it is so wonderful to have the chance to sit down and talk. >> [indiscernible]

>> i thank you for coming. longtime dairy farmer. i just want to let you know, i am a mother. she is on 15 different medications now. hillary clinton: tell me, how old is she? , she is three. she has epilepsy. tube. on the feeding she is not expected to live very long. hillary clinton: and the research, so we know -- >> thank you for coming out to the state fair. i'm in iowa native. -- an iowa native.

do.k you for all you clinton: i want to get the research done. >> yes. forary clinton: especially little kids. >> she is only three. [cheering] >> welcome to the "des moines

register" soapbox. our next speaker is bernie sanders. [cheering] >> bernie! bernie! >> he is the senator from vermont and he is running for the democratic nomination. [cheering] elected toers was four terms as the mayor of burlington, vermont. the u.s. house of representatives for three terms. since 2007, he has been a u.s. senator for vermont and was elected as an independent. please welcome to the soapbox stage senator bernie sanders. [cheering] thank you!s: [applause]

nine and a half months ago, we began to campaign. everyone said this campaign was a joke. but the american people are ready to take on the economic establishment of america. three and a half months have gone by. we have had huge crowds all over iowa, new hampshire, california, oregon. you name it. and when people ask me why, i the american people are saying enough is enough. [cheering] belongs to all of us. not just a handful of billionaires.

[cheering] [applause] going, i want to wish a happy birthday to an institution. it is called social security. it is 80 years old. let me be clear. virtually all the republican candidates, in one form or another, one to cut social security. [booing] going to we are not let them do that. [cheering] when we have seniors in this country trying to get by on 12,000 dollars, $13,000 a year. disabled people are not able to put enough food on the table. no, we are not going to cut social security.

we are going to expand social security. [applause] and we are going to do that by on possiblecap income. -- on taxable income. in america today, what we are seeing is the his appearance -- the disappearance of the great middle class. millions of our brothers and sisters in iowa and all over the country, working all their hours for lower wages. or three jobs two to put food on the table. all of the new wealth is going to the top 1%. that is going to change. [cheering] we need an economy that works for working people.

not a handful of billionaires. let me tell you something. about this campaign finance system that we have today. it is a corrupt system. [cheering] citizens united will go down in history as one of the worst systems ever made -- worst decisions ever made by a supreme court. [cheering] let me repeat a promise i have made to other crowds. that is, no nominee of mine, to the supreme court, will get that position unless he or she pledges to make certain that citizens united is overturned. [cheering] [applause]

and when we try to understand why it is that so many of our andly members, our friends neighbors are working two or three jobs in order to cobble together an income and some health care the answer is that , wages in our country for many people are much, much too low. [cheering] and that is why we have got to recognize that a $7.25 minimum wage is a starvation wage. we have to raise the minimum wage to a living wage. $15 an hour. [cheering] what we understand, also, is that when we live in a competitive global economy, we need the best educated workforce possible.

[cheering] it makes no sense to me that we have hundreds of thousands of bright, qualified young people who want to get a higher education, are unable to do so because their family lacks the income. that is wrong. [cheering] and that is why i have introduced legislation and will fight for, as president of the united states, to make sure that every public college and university in america is tuition-free. [cheering] [applause] and we have also got to deal with the disgrace of outrageously high student debt. [cheering] there are millions of americans, young and not so young, who are

paying 7%, 8%, 10% on their student debt. 20%, 25% of their income. if you can refinance a home 3% today, you should not be paying 10% on your student debt. [cheering] and the government should also not be profiteering on student debt held by working-class families. [cheering] [applause] and when we talk about raising the minimum wage to a living wage, we have also got to talk about pay equity for women workers. [cheering] women cannot continue to earn $.78 on the dollar compared to men workers. [cheering]

many of my republican colleagues talk about family values. their values are that a woman should not have the right to control her own body. i disagree. [cheering] [applause] their values are that our gay brothers and sisters should not be able to get married or enjoy all of the benefits of american citizenship. i disagree. [cheering] but my family values -- and i have been married 27 years, i have four kids and seven grandchildren -- my family values are that the united states has got to end the international embarrassment of being the only major country on earth that does not guarantee paid family and medical leave. [cheering]

[applause] when a woman has a baby in this country, regardless of her income, she should be able to spend three months with that baby, getting to know that baby, love that baby, that's a family value. [cheering] [applause] and when we talk about american values, when we talk about where we want to go as a country, i want to end the absurdity of the united states being the only major country on earth that does not guarantee health care to all people as a right. [cheering] [applause] that is why i strongly support a medicare for all single-payer program.

[cheering] [applause] and when we talk about our responsibilities as adults, as parents, as citizens of this earth, we have a moral responsibility to make certain that we leave this planet in a way that is habitable for our kids and our grandchildren. [cheering] [applause] the debate is over. [cheering] climate change is real, climate change is caused by human activity, climate change is already causing devastating problems in our country and around the world. [cheering] [applause] what the united states must do,

and i will do as president, is lead the world. working with other countries to transform our energy system. there is donald trump. [laughter] [booing] bernie!e, bernie, sen. sanders: i apologize. we left the helicopter at home. [laughter] in the garage, forgot to bring it. [applause] but, our job is to make sure that we join the rest of the world, the major countries around the world, in guaranteeing health care to every man, woman, and child as a right of citizenship. it makes no sense to me, that despite the gains of the affordable care act, we continue to have 35 million people uninsured -- and many of you are underinsured, right?

>> yes! sen. sanders: high deductibles, high copayments. and yet, after all of that, we end up spending almost twice as much per capita on health care as do the people of any other country. that is wrong, that has got to change. [cheering] [applause] let me close on one issue that i know a lot of people are thinking about. the truth is, that in america, we have made real progress in terms of fighting racism over the years. and i want to thank the people of iowa for their courage in voting for obama in 2008. [cheering] [applause] and what you showed is that a state which is mostly white could go beyond the color of a candidate's skin and vote for somebody based on their character and their ideas. thank you, iowa.

[cheering] [applause] but anyone who reads the papers, anyone who looks at tv, understands that we still have a long way to go. anyone who has seen the fates of sandra bland or samuel debose understands that it is unacceptable that african-americans can get taken out of their cars, thrown to the ground, assaulted, and thrown into jail, and die three days later. that is not what this country is supposed to be about. [cheering] [applause] so you are looking at a candidate who, if elected president, will do everything that he can to end the stain of racism and institutional racism in this country and bring about major criminal justice reform. [cheering]

[applause] i was a mayor for eight years. i worked with law enforcement, and the truth is, most cops are good. very difficult job, they do the right thing. [cheering] [applause] it's a very hard job. but when a police officer, or any other public official, breaks the law, that officer must be held accountable. [cheering] [applause] today in america, we have more people in jail than any other country on earth, including china. we have a disproportionate number of people in jail who are black or hispanic. so we have a lot of work to do. number one, i will end this absurdity of having private corporations making billions out of jails. [cheering]

[applause] we are going to end this minimum sentencing, by which too many people have criminal records. [cheering] [applause] and when people go to jail, i want to make sure that there is a pathway for them out of jail. [cheering] [applause] if people leave jail without money, without jobs, without education, without housing, without mental health issues being dealt with, the likelihood is they are going to end up back in jail, and that is pretty crazy. so what i want to see, is i want to see us invest heavily in jobs and education, not jail and incarceration. [cheering] [applause]

let me just conclude by telling you one thing that no other candidate will tell you. and that is, i need your help, obviously, to win here in iowa and i appreciate the support of so many people. but, if we are going to transform america, if we are going to have a government that represents working families and not large campaign donors, we need a political revolution in this country. [cheering] [applause] we need millions of people to stand up and make it clear to the billionaire class, they cannot have it all. [cheering] [applause] they are going to start paying their fair share of taxes.

[cheering] [applause] they are not going to continue to ship out jobs to china and elsewhere. [cheering] [applause] but to make all of that happen, we need a strong, grassroots political movement from vermont to california, and significantly here in iowa. so i welcome and urge all of you to join me in helping to make a political revolution which transforms america, which creates a government that works for all of us and not just a handful. thank you all very much. [cheering] [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. visit ncicap.org] bernie, bernie!

>> a hot one out there, isn't it? one.sanders: it is a hot >> rolling whenever you're ready, go ahead. about -- doell us you have plans for health care, free tuition for everyone. how will you pay for that? sen. sanders: we can. ins is the richest country the world. most people do not know this. wealth -- let me be frank. if you are a billionaire, if you are a millionaire, it if you are a large corporation making billions and paying nothing, you will start to have to pay your fair share. is of the important programs a tax on wall street speculation.

those people bring in more than enough money to make sure that public colleges can make money. corporations major -- i am talking about general electric, among others -- you make billions and do not pay a --kel in federal taxes >> can you talk more about your specific plans on climate change? sen. sanders: let me just say two things. first of all, it goes without -- ng that on this issue of climate change, i have to say that it is an international embarrassment that almost all republicans refused to acknowledge what scientists is sayingmunity almost unanimously. that climate change is real. it is caused by human activity.

devastating to the contract. how can it be that the parties that control the u.s. senate and house refused to admit the realities of climate change, and not even come up with a plan to battle climate change? we have to move towards energy efficiency. we are wasting huge amounts of energy in the country in terms of buildings that are not properly insulated. in cars getting 20 to 25 miles per gallon. energy efficiency can save us huge amounts. second, we have to be aggressive in moving to sustainable energy like wind. i congratulate iowa for being one of the leaders in wind. solar. geothermal. the truth of the matter is we know what we have to do. we have to lead the world. we have to work with china, india, russia, other countries. the future of the planet is at

stake. scientists say that if we do not get our act together by the end planet willry, this be five degrees fahrenheit warmer, which will cause devastating problems. >> can you talk about race relations, criminal justice reform? is that a response to black lives matter? of thenders: i have one strongest records in the united states congress on civil rights. wherecome from a state there is not a of african-americans. but this has been an issue since i was a young boy. what we have to do is move forward in parallel ways. institutionalbat racism as strongly we can. we cannot continue things. if these videos of unarmed black people getting shot, getting thrown to the ground -- unacceptable. and ourmajor reform

criminal justice system so that in america, we do not have more people in jail than any other country on earth. by the way, those numbers are disproportionately african-american and hispanic. >> are you surprised by black lives matter interrupting your event? sen. sanders: the issue they are talking about is a huge issue. there are too many unarmed lack people who have been killed. to live. a right >> you criticized the state of american politics and the media. what do you make of primary politics and iowa's role? sen. sanders: i like what happens here. what you guys do is go beyond remarks and just have a primary were people, not to vote. you demand more. caucusand people in the to not only know the issues of bernie sanders or hillary clinton or anybody else, but you ask them to really think about the differences.

what are their second choices. you ask them to come out and do more than cast the vote but to spend a couple hours talking with their neighbors about why they are supporting bernie sanders or hillary clinton or jeb bush, whoever it may be. inm a strong believer democracy. i want to see our people highly engaged in the democratic process. i what does a good job. >> a new poll puts you a little ahead of hillary in new hampshire. what will you do in iowa? aboutanders: think three-and-a-half months ago. i am the senator of a small state. 80% of the american people did not know what i was talking about and did not even know who i was. but as we go around the country, around iowa, more people are familiar with the issues they are raising. those issues are resonating in

iowa, new hampshire, around the country. >> are you going to go around the states there? what will you do? sen. sanders: eat! -- >> you are a dream come true. -- from missouri. sen. sanders: i have to get going. -- probably not. thank you. [indiscernible]

[indiscernible]

>> you ready? >> i am ready. about the you think senate democrats? are sanders: those people establishment politics, and occasionally establishment media. what the people want is a nation in which government represents working people and the middle class. the majority of our people and not a handful of millionaires. i believe people are sick and tired of the campaign finance system, which is corrupt. as a result of citizens united, it allows billionaires to buy elections. very few people, conservative or progressive, think that is the right american democracy. campaign a summertime

insurgents or can you transition into being a real threat? sen. sanders: let me tell you, when you have the hundred 50,000 people who make individual contributions, when you bring 28,000 people in portland, inn you have 100,000 people several locations across the country, we are building a grassroots movement. to be honest, one of our problems is the movement is going faster than our infrastructure. a number ofied organizers right here in iowa. three dozen or more. we are hiring people in new hampshire and nevada. we have to keep up where the movement is going. , they willof the day have the money. if we have the people. i think people do not like big money. >> do you think there is a change to -- sen. sanders: all i know is that

what i am saying today and what i am saying my entire political life. that we areake sure not talking about cutting social security. we need to raise the minimum wage to $15 an hour. i will continue to talk about. hillary clinton will run her own vehicle. [indiscernible] sen. sanders: we are doing it right now. you will have a meeting -- how many organizers do you have in iowa? >> 14 offices.

40. sanders: 14 offices, four people. we are bringing together the kind of grassroots organization that will enable us to win. >> what is the big crowd at the state fair tell you? sen. sanders: it tells me the same i have seen all over the country. people are sick and tired of seeing this great nation, a great nation like ours, where almost all the wealth and income -- they to the top 1% are sick and tired of a campaign finance system that allows the koch brothers and billionaires elections. people did not fight and die to defend american democracy where a handful of people are deciding who the president's will you recommend -- will you welcome joe biden into the race? sen. sanders: he is a friend of mine. if he gets in, that is great. if he does, i look forward to an

issue-oriented campaign. >> are the e-mails in the private server a distraction or a legitimate issue to consider? sen. sanders: talk to hillary about that. you're going the wrong way. sen. sanders: the wrong way, ok. [indiscernible] sen. sanders: the reason i am defending -- is priced slightly because we are talking