from his conscious, not from people who had money or marketing consultants. it is hard for me to imagine any politician being able to do that today. >> i suppose i would want people ,o remember that i worked hard i did what i thought was right, i followed my own conscience, i helped some hope -- i hope to prevent the terrible holocaust of a nuclear war. announcer: the two are of madison, wisconsin continues with a visit to the city's native american effigy mounds and what they reveal about early cultures. >> we are standing on

observatory hill on the campus of the university wisconsin in madison. we are next to effigy mounds. madison has more effigy mounds than any other city in the united states. we are approaching table and rock -- chamberlain rock, it was moved from the lakeshore. coming up on the wing tip of a bird effigy mound built here around 1000 years ago. effigy mounds are difficult to photograph. every time they see a camera, they sink into the earth and hide. they are not spectacular or prominent, but they are special. the wing tip extends towards us, the head is in the far distance near the sidewalk and fence. the body comes down the hill towards the lakeshore.

the other wing is out of sight on the other side of the body of the mound. we are looking at the bird effigy from a different perspective. the body is extending down the slope. the wings extends to each side as if it is flying up towards the top of the hill. these can be considered a kind of tombstone. they mark the grades of the dead --graves of the dead. they are carved in the shapes of spirits. not everyone got a mound. and sometimes cremations. there is no indication a mound was built. some people got mounds, but had to share. some had simple, dome shaped construction. there seems to be some division,

but we are not clear what that is. students are studying the phenomena and beginning to suspect it may be, if not economic, but social difference. people buried in the conical bit lessve a little nutrition. they more likely have to share their mound. effigy builders seem to get the mounds to themselves. it may be that they are just higher ranking. maybe they were religious or political leaders, i wish we could asked -- ask. neither mound has been excavated. they are protected by state law, you cannot begin -- dig in. dig is over. could based on literature, i would

guess there is a single graves in this bird effigy holding an adult, a child, that we don't know. between 70050a.d and 1280 by a group that we call the effigy mound builders of the western great lakes. the time. known as the late woodland. they were gardeners and hunters who roamed around southern wisconsin and portions of adjoining states, and were spectacular people. they built these monumental funeral sculptures for the dead. they have changed the landscape permanently so we cannot forget them. topsoil from the surrounding area. there is no sign of were building deep pits. they were probably taking shallow scrapes in the surrounding area so the land

would heal quickly and erase the damage. the madison area is an extremely rich environment. we have a concentration of several large lakes surrounded by productive marshes that would have been home to lots of ducks, plantsse, like wild rice. this would have been a wonderful place to live. it had enough shelter to see them to the winter. heelshience of high hills, -- to water had significance to the place. the mounds are concentrated in particular locations in wisconsin and surrounding states. of effigy mounds

change as you move from one territory to the next. they may be family or clan symbols. the people in the madison area probably moved between areas. this would have been their home base, the campus has more mounds than any other campus in the world. there are mounds on technique is a -- picnic point which spot to relax and look at the lake. there is also a goose effigy near the lakeshore. there are other mounds in the university arboretum. we are walking onto a mound that tailed turtle. it is a term applied to any effigy mound shown from above. it laid out like a bearskin rug.

representedreature is a spirit known as a water panther. direction is in legend, home to one of the spirits. we have ahead of the spirit on the top of the hill, just as the bird, the body extends down the slope as if it is crawling up from the lake. lim extending this direction. thatales, there were two --the nidind behind limbs. i wish we knew why, it is the only two tailed effigy mound ever recorded. as a culture, it has survived. the ho ching people are quite

proud. it is not uncommon to see that there have been offerings left behind by the native people. these are still significant laces to the tribal nations -- places to the tribal nations. we are lucky to be able to protect these places here in madison so they can be visited by descendents and by newcomers. i have been studying effigy mounds for 15 years. in that time i have learned a lot and other researchers have found -- learned a lot. they are wonderful and engaging works of art. you can see the hands of the artist still today. at the same time, they are mysteries. they have not given off all of the knowledge they can yet.

as new technologies are invented, i am anticipating new discoveries and wonderful things. we will get to know these people just a little bit more. announcer: the c-span city tour is back in wisconsin tomorrow for a look at the literary life. we hear from david moran s on his book about vietnam war protest in madison. the author of a book detailing the city and their transformation from wilderness to a laboratory of democracy. and a look at the home that frank lloyd wright designed for himself. announcer: follow the c-span city's tour as we travel outside the washington beltway to communities. >> the idea behind the tour is to take program from american history television and book tv beyond the beltway. we will produce pieces that are

more visual, and will provide a window into the cities that viewers with -- would not normally go to. >> a lot of people have already heard history of the big cities like new york, los angeles, chicago, but what about all ones like albany, new york? what is the history? >> we have been to over 75 cities. we will hit 95 in april of 2016. our coverage is a vent, these are not those type pieces. these take you to a historic site or home. announcer: we partner with affiliates to appreciate the culture of various cities. >> the key entry to the city is the cable operator who contacts the city. >> they are looking for great characters.

you and your viewers to identify with these people that were best we are talking about. an experience type of program, where we take people on the road where they can touch things, see things, learn about the local history and how that plays into the national story. >> if someone is watching, it should be enticing enough so that they can get the idea of the story, but also feel as if that this is in our backyard. >> we went to viewers to get a sense that, "oh yeah, i know that place." >> the mission as with all of our coverage leads into what we do on the road. >> you have to communicate the message of the network to do the job. the one thing we wanted, build relationships with the city and our cable partners, and got a great programming for american history tv and book tv.

announcer: watch the city's tour on the c-span network. to see where we are going next visit our schedule. coming up shortly, new jersey governor chris christie is holding a town hall meeting at in new tavern and of boston, new hampshire. we will take you there live when it gets underway. we will here in -- from the governor in about 20 minutes. cover governor christie live saturday as part of our coverage of presidential candidates of the iowa state fair. the gop presidential candidate will take the traditional des moines soapbox stage saturday at noon live on c-span. meanwhile politicos writing that hillary clinton's local campaign is stepping up their response to

questions about her using an unsecured e-mail server to communicate classified information with a when she was secretary of state. her campaign pointed to a just-released conversation that happened in 1974 between secretary of state kissinger and cia director, william colby. the state department redacted parts of the conversation they said were classified as national security information. seven years ago the state department released the entire conversation in a book, "the bottom line according to the clinton campaign." it says there are different ideas on what is considered classified. hillary clinton is one of the democratic candidates we have been covering at the iowa state fair all week. while we wait for chris christie, here is some of hillary clinton's appearance of the fair over the weekend.

>> thank you so much. nice to meet you. thank you for coming out. >> glad to be here. how are you, sir? .ood to see you nice to see you. thank you, guys. that's even better. >> love you, hillary. >> how are you? i am so happy to see you. >> you know what, you promised in