election. he got 1/4 of the vote, which was respectful. the republican party was furious, because they thought he opponent'so bomb the chances of winning the election, but the opponent won the election. all that remained was the supreme court giving their opinion. they came back in 1927 and said there was no issue of federal law in this case, therefore, the kansas supreme court decision was upheld, and that meant the klan could no longer legally operate in the state, and kansas to give the first state to have a legal ouster of the klan in a

safe. announcer: the c-span cities tour is in topeka tomorrow night as we look at the literary life of the kansas state capital. in the leadt books entry into the civil war. tuesday at 6:00 p.m. eastern. the c-span cities tour, visiting cities across the country. this weekend, we are joined by charter communications to learn more about the history of grand junction, colorado. a certain mineral had a long-term importance in this part of colorado. >> all over the colorado plateau, we are surrounded by morrison rock. we find a lot of dinosaur bones, fossils, and that has intrigue

scientists for a long time. the other thing we find in the morrison is a rock hard carna tite. it contains radium, which was used by marie curie. is it also includes a mineral, vana dium. carnatite also includes uranium. announcer: a congressman was largely responsible for development through his legislation. >> he fought the bottle to reserve -- the battle to reserve water for western c

colorado to make sure we got our fair share. how did he do that? beginning in he is state -- beginning in his state career, he was able to exercise more power than you might normally have. certainly in the united states congress, where he was able to make sure colorado and western colorado would be treated fairly in any divisions of water. his first major success was the passage of the colorado river storage project in 1956. announcer: see all of our programs from grand junction sundayy at 7 p.m. and center afternoon on c-span3. announcer: president obama speech tonight about global arming in alaska, addressing .onference in anchorage

that is live on c-span at 9:00 p.m. eastern. frank keating was governor of oklahoma during the oklahoma sitting bombing by domestic terrorists in 1995. governor keating spoke at a conference last week about how law enforcement should coordinate during times of crisis. [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2015] [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. visit ncicap.org] >> good morning. to our second day of the .omeland security institute it is my pleasure to welcome you here this morning. snavely.is josh

i am the dean for external relations at oklahoma city university and also the director of the center for home security vice president of the program asked me to kick this off this worry. it is my honor to introduce a man who does not need an introduction, but i will give him one that probably does not fit all of he has done in his career. governor frank keating took ofice as governor in january 1995, and 100 days, if i'm correct, after taking office, was the morning of april 19. 9:02 a.m., the bomb exploded outside the effort be more of he alfred murrah

as an oklahoman, he will always hold a special place in my heart because i remember those days, and all that we went through. he was placed as our governor for a reason, and out of everything that happened in those times, he was certainly a leader, but he was more than that, a servant to the people of oklahoma. we were very fortunate, so it is my privilege to welcome our governor, our leader, and my friend and mentor, frank keating. [applause] gov. keating: josh is a very

special person and we have the 20th anniversary of the tragedy in oklahoma city in april. president clinton came. he and i went to georgetown together. i'm a couple of years older than he. he is a force of nature. i say that as republican, in a complementary way. in any event, he showed up and literally every member of the cabinet who had some or in the water in the national security space, the head of the secret service, director of the fbi, , andhole gang showed up joe whitley and i were u.s. attorneys together. we were much younger in those days. i was a heck of a lot older than , we had, ietheless think, some 30 sitting u.s. attorneys who came, which was

just astonishing. the conversation, the debate and discussion about reparation, actually very much in the common denominator or sweet spot of what this very distinguished wasp of people are doing all of that conversation. if you are and he, you are always apologizing. i don't mean to suggest, but the reality is, it was really dynamic and it was very, very interesting, and i was happy to be able to participate. otheroff, i represent the aba. i've been a member of the american bar association a long last five years i've been president of the american bankers association. before that i represented the life insurance industry. will appreciate this. in the life insurance space, i

had 400 reasonably happy state regulated ceos that i represent. 5500 reasonably unhappy federally regulated ceos. i want to be a maître d'someplace, josh. i could be pretty good at it, and do something else with my life. of april 19, i want to say that an event that occurs -- and there are far too many bad events in the united states. discomforting and agonizing , but today, and i hope it always is this way, because then that suggests we won't have another tragedy, but as a former fbi agent, oklahoma city remains the most significant and the largest criminal investigation in the history of the fbi.

you say what about 9/11? as you know, all the conspirators, everyone who participated in that died. so there wasn't any monstrous criminal investigation as there was in oklahoma city. the largest remains act of domestic terrorism in the history of the country. hopefully neither of those undistinguished achievements will be trumped -- i don't mean donald trump, but trumped by another tragic event. back upon what happened in oklahoma city, i can say with pride, you don't anticipate something awful happening, but most people don't remember -- certainly a lot of our younger people probably don't know much about oklahoma city, but we had 168 of our neighbors and friends killed, including 19 children. , andd 500 people injured

302 buildings were damaged or destroyed. if you go boom in one place, you're going to knock down a lot of brick-and-mortar and break a lot of windows, but there was not one act of looting. it was amazing to me, the character and response in a tragedy has to be the first order of concern. it was amazing to me that everybody dropped everything and rust toward the firing, if you will. the government and government -- i had worked for president reagan at justice and treasury and that hud, but i did not know the mayor. i was in office just a very short time. i didn't know the police chief and fire in oklahoma city, and that is a big problem. those who were in charge of a response, whether it's the mayor

of the city or governor of the state, that is a big problem. the most natural and common disaster that can befall that part of the country is a tornado. we had exercise, if you will, the first responders and government at all levels new had a respond together to respond to a natural disaster. number one, that is really important. i remember when i was u.s. attorney and i had a luncheon for all the share of in my federal district. not met,of them i had obviously. but what astonished me and i think will astonish you as professionals in this space, is when they all showed up and were introducing themselves to each other. i said to myself, these are sheriffs from neighboring jurisdictions, and they don't know each other.

what happens if something goes boom in one county and everyone flees across the line, or let's ,ay there is a natural disaster you better know each other. fortunately, because of the tornado preparations, all of the professionals knew each other. to say there was no looting is true. to say that firefighters and rescue workers and first responders, the urban search and rescue people, anywhere they ,ent in oklahoma city everything they wanted and needed was provided to them, because that was the character of that community. oklahoma city had 1000 firefighters at the time. president clinton called me and had -- it helped that i me,et service report to atf, customs, virtually all the

federal law enforcement establishment. he called me and said what do you need? i said we have 1000 firefighters and in about eight hours they are all going to be exhausted. he said we will get the urban search and rescue and fema teams in their right away. to me, that was a wonderful relief, knowing others were going to come and help us that knew what they were doing. , at least at that time under james lee witt, i can't say how good it is today or how good it wasn't during katrina, but fema, new york, montgomery county, maryland , puget sound, florida, california, they were splendid. initially,e faced and i did not find this out until our conversation, josh, the newarly new york,

yorker said we are in charge. the deputy chief was tragically killed on 9/11. guess james lee , thesee somebody said no oklahoma city people are highly professional, they are in charge. and it wasined up handled with enormous skill and professionalism. the reason i tell that story is because you contrast that with katrina, and i think the world of new orleans. my mother and dad, my wife and i, everybody had their honeymoon in new orleans or the new orleans area, but to have the governor start crying on television, and everybody is looking for insurance and reassurance and hope, and to have the command and control center underground, basically in

a basement, when you are below sea level to start with, you would think it would be on the seventh floor of a building or something. was is an example, fema naginctional, mayor showed up and had a military uniform and had two or three stars on his uniform. i looked at this like, this is sick. excuse me, mayor, i'm sorry, but why are you wearing a military uniform? he said it's in honor of general honoré. that is bingo time, and most people don't think about it, but you all are leaders in your communities, you better have the very best professionals in charge of fire, police, first responders, and government, or

if something bad happens, it will be big-time bat, and they will all fall apart. everybody will be pointing at each other. you cannot tell me what to do. that did not occur in oklahoma city. it wasn't because everybody had anticipated that it should or would not occur, it was not that way because the city of oklahoma city had a professional firefighter as chief and a professional is as the chief of police, and the federal family all stitched together. we lost in one day, the worst in the history of the u.s. secret service, we lost its agents in obama city. that has never happened. ortoms, all those people these 19 little kids in a day care center. you had a lot of professionals and they know each other trust each other and all come together , and it all works.

and that is why it all works. i would say the most significant lesson learned from obama city was not to get the equipment in -- yes, we can do that. to respond accordingly, but to have at the local level highly skilled, highly professional people. to morning i went out oklahoma highway control, the commissioner public safety was there and the chief. i walked in and there was cigarette smoke every place. i said, are we having fun this morning? they were all putting out their cigarettes. within a month, they were gone. they should not have been sitting in a van smoking and telling stories. as the national guard commander a democrat, a guy who already was a major general.

from mylot of grief fellow republicans. i was only the third republican in the state's history. he later became head of the national guard nationally, but he knew exactly what to do. and everybody trusted him. he already was a general. he wasn't a political officer who was a major that all of a sudden now becomes a major general because he was the national guard commander. he was a gifted professional. things like this happen where they pop up. we had too many dead people. in obama city, everybody was a building collapse. except for unfortunately the building, jumped out everybody was just incinerated. so you had enormous stress psychologically.

on had families that were the verge of rebellion, wanting their loved ones. there, and is in know she is not living. my child is in there. why can't i have them? military to come in, very professionally, and they expedited them within a matter of a few days, and the rebellion stopped. you could tell the families were on the verge of just despair, trying to get access after four days, of their loved ones. did i know anything about gray's registry? no, but steve did. he was already a general. he already knew what he was supposed to do. when it was all over, my wellion was, this worked because we were surrounded by highly professional people.

what did the governor do, the morning after the tragedy? it was starting to missed rain and they had all these searchlights on the building, which was blasted in half. knows, the federal courthouse, and i have a son-in-law whose dad was a federal judge at the time. it was even worse because the federal office building was filled with lots of people. that morning i noticed a firefighter coming up the street and he had his coat over his back and was walking up the street by himself. i stepped out into the street and said thank you for being here. uniform is nots an oklahoma city firefighters uniform. he stopped and said who are you?

i said i am the governor of the street. and stuck itinger in my chest and cap beating on my chest and said, then you find all io did this, because pulled from that rubble were a child's finger and an american flag. he was completely in shock. he was totally freaked out because of what he saw. it was my conclusion at that , i was going to be down there making sure they had the best meals, clean laundry, free anything, we were going to take care of all those hundreds and hundreds of people who came to help us from afar. i think it was fairfax county, virginia. one of the firefighters, and i always said goodbye to them as a group. there was a firefighter there and we were shaking hands. he took a dollar bill out of his pocket and said, see this?

governor, do you know what this is? i said that is a dollar bill. it's an oklahoma dollar. it's a dollar i brought with me a week ago and is the same leaving with. and everybody left. contrast that with the new york pay five dollars for a sack of ice during the first world trade center bombing. behind havingre highly competent leadership is treat these people like heroes who are helping, and we did. remember, everybody was dead at the end of the first day. it was a recovery operation from a building that looks like it collapse at any minute. thend to knock it down and take people out, but that's not

what they did. i was just astonished by the willingness of people to do things because we treated them so well. let me mention to other brief points. there was something called dark winter. some of you are probably familiar with dark winter. it was at andrews air force base i was the visiting governor of oklahoma. at the time, i was still the governor. the exercise was a smallpox attack on a shopping mall in oklahoma city. bill sessions played the fbi director. exercise, no one anticipating 9/11. what was interesting at the end of the exercise was i was totally be skunk in the wood.

natural -- national disaster and tragedy, it is problematic, because he was in charge? we've got to open the borders and get stuff through because that is an interstate going north and south. , no.d no i was playacting india. have a script. i said it is my state and you're not bring smallpox into my state. then we cannot get any doctors to show up. the medicalmitted, personnel did not know what the exercise would be. doctors and medical professionals don't know what smallpox is, because it was wiped off the face of the earth allegedly in the early 1970's. .3 is, everybody better exercise what can happen but also what might happen. that requires leadership and

time in training. and a lot of people are not doing it. and that is worrisome. ago, that, a few years rand had a panel. there were only two of us that were laymen. , a four start navy admiral, was the chair and i was the vice chair. it was chemical, biological, nuclear, and radiological events. that is what was exercise. we concluded to our harbor that nobody, law enforcement, national guard, local first responders, had a clue what a nuclear event would look like in terms of injured people, or a chemical or biological event. have things changed since then? guess what? no congressional committee had a

hearing. amazing. one senator said this is really worrisome. in such a dark message that nobody is prepared. this is really bad. generals,hese national guard leaders, 2, 3, and four stars, some retired, at the national level. that is just astonishing. you take oklahoma city and you have the good culture and competent leadership, but if you don't know what's coming in you don't have a clue what smallpox radiologicalr a and nuclear or biological event, then you have big problems. that is where i think we really need to focus. i'm sure that's what you are doing from a practical standpoint to say if something goes boom in the night, we need to make sure we have competency and informed competency. that with theing

panel i was on a few years ago, winter, wely dark didn't have that, and that is depressing and of concern. at any rate, on that high note, i will end. i really want to thank you for what you do. the legal community has to take the lead in these arenas. if you make decisions on the fly , whether legal or regulatory decisions, that is not good. i would hope that in your communities and in your state, you are exercising these things and insisting that the highest, best, most competent people are responderin the first community. you look around the country at events, not just katrina, that went badly, i guarantee you in of skilled the lack

and competent leadership in those arenas. i will respond to any questions or comments before we break. yes, ma'am. [indiscernible] >> i'm former u.s. department of foreign service. i would like to ask you a historical question to do with oklahoma that is relevant to what you were saying. that california marshals were at the border with guns.

i also learned, and this is a question i did not get to ask , iing the immigration panel lived in southern california for 10 years. the mexican government mandated that women should go across the border so that they could take back california that they thought was stolen from them. did you have any knowledge of that? oklahoma and kansas and arkansas and missouri -- my mother was from illinois and my dad was from pennsylvania. we did not move to oklahoma until long after the migration. you saw what happened to california.

another?ve beingad the pleasure of at the murrah center observance, and you were there, of course. great remarks by everybody there. you've had a chance -- maybe share the memorial that has been created baron oklahoma city which is incredibly moving and also educational. booking passes to oklahoma city is maybe not something everybody's thinking about doing, but maybe you can share what you have seen that what the community has done with that memorial. thank you. we never asked for any federal money. maybe we didn't know we could, but we didn't. york,m not knocking new

but the average victim got $7 million. the average victim in oh, city was impoverished, because you had a husband or wife killed. i made a battlefield decision, because we had only so much money that spontaneously came in. tvemember at one point, some reporter said this was a muslim terrorist event, and i never listen to a radio or tv or newspaper or a week. i said i don't care what it is. we just have to take care of these people and take care of all the survivors. the first check that came for this fund we put together was from the muslim community of oklahoma city. which was must -- much appreciated. but we didn'tue,

have that much money. so i made the decision, if you lost your children, we had one mother who lost to youngsters in the day care center. we would bury them and provide you counseling. if your children lost you, we would put them through college, anywhere they wanted to go. childrenint we had 70 who lost both parents. 130 children lost one parent. 130 kids in we had college all over the united states, and we paid for that. moneyew was, with limited given, were going to put you through college. , alsoe built the memorial with private money, the design was to german architectural art students from the university of oklahoma. we let the victims and their families play a role in the decision of what it should be.

we have a hillside where the building was of chairs. chairs. glass and brass small chairs of children and large chairs of adults. charlie gibson, you all remember was abc news,t i'm not sure. but gibson one-time said to me, i came in for the dedication of the chairs, the memorial. he said i saw a very attractive bag, andan getting her i just assumed she was a journalist at the airport. i said, are you a journalist? she said no, i lost my father in the bombing. he was a secret service agent. he said i'm so sorry to hear that. don't feel that way. my sister and i, tomorrow will

be able for the last time to sit in our fathers lap. he did not know what she was referring to. she was referring to the chair out there that represented her dad. couldn't all caps rock found out what she was referring to. but the national park service provides the oversight, but it is a very spiritual place, and a very quiet, lovely spot. i don't think there are too many memorials to awful events like that that were constructed with such grace and solemnity. grateful for you all leading me speak to you and i'm grateful for your leadership role in homeland security. thank you. [applause]

[captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2015] [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. visit ncicap.org] alaska.dent obama in seeing the president there on landing at the air force base in anchorage. set off on ama three-day tour of the last. meaning to shine a spotlight on how the u.s. is being affected by warming temperatures and rising oceans. office,s left in president obama is trying to build toward for tough new rules on carbon emissions from power play the head of the national diamond neil later this year, the amend his legacy on the issue. president obama took that feel aw the oil-rich state from recent decision to allow them to drill.