race warez at 5:45 p.m. eastern. that is on c-span three tomorrow at 8 p.m. david rubenstein talking about what he calls patriarchate -- patriotic giving. -- 1823 copyopying of the declaration of independence. we will see you tomorrow. ♪ [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2015] [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. visit ncicap.org]

>> the labor department released the u.s. august jobless numbers. rate is down to 5.1%. that is the lowest since 2008. house speaker john boehner releasing a statement that reads in part, it is encouraging more americans have found work last month. that has been republicans focus from day one and we have made good progress on the people's priorities. for the reaction from other leaders on capitol hill. out economy saying continues to make congress. she says it is clear more canada

must be done. democratic leader harry reid, 450 six consecutive months we have seen the economy improving and more americans getting back to work. one of the issues is the nuclear agreement with iran. live from the clinton global initiative with a look at that agreement. ar panel will talk about range of views on national security aspects. that is over on c-span two. join us later today on a hearing for nutrition labeling. a program note, that will start at 2:40. eastern and eastern we will take your comments and phone calls. a special aging committee hearing about diabetes research and --

senator susan collins chairs the committee. she also serves as founder of the senate diabetes caucus. this is just under two hours. them good afternoon, this hearing will come to order. me thank everyone for gathering earlier than we had anticipated votes being on the senate floor we wanted to make

sure that our young people who are's your today and are the focus of this hearing it and not have to sit for a very long time. we are holding today's hearing with the 2015 children's congress to examine how diabetes affects people of all ages. with a special focus on americans with type one diabetes and their families. this is the eighth consecutive children's congress. privilege touch a work with jd rf. whose commitment to finding a cure is inspiring -- a inspiring. i want to welcome our

distinguished panel of witnesses and more than 160 delegates to the children's congress, who have traveled to washington from every state in the country and to tell us the world in congress just what it is like to have diabetes, how serious it is, and why it is so important that congress runs the research necessary to discover a cure. i want to give a special welcome to the two delegates from maine. also here is kate hall, a remarkable young woman from maine who was diagnosed with type one when she was 10.

broke aently 39-year-old national high school record in the long jump to -- in the long jump. she jumped and astonishingly 22 feet five inches. as founder of the senate diabetes caucus, i have learned about the difficulties and heartache that this disease causes for so many american families as they await a cure. diabetes is a lifelong condition that does not discriminate. of every age,ple race, and nationality. the united states an estimated $245 billion per year, a cost that is projected to more than double by the year 2020. it also accounts for one out of three medicare dollars.

medical costs for americans with diabetes are more than double those incurred individuals without diabetes. these statistics are certainly overwhelming. motivated me to devote so much energy and time to this cause is meeting more and more families, like our whose livesday, have been forever changed by diabetes. that is why it is so important that you have traveled to washington today to tell your personal story. you put a human face on the statistics. since we found that the senate diabetes caucus, funding has from $310tripled million in 1997 to well over $1

billion this year. as a consequence we have seen some encouraging breakthroughs and are on the threshold of a new -- of new discoveries. their blood glucose levels are key to preventing diabetes complications. andre also moving closer closer to our goal of an artificial pancreas, which would revolutionize diabetes care. the fact is 85 percent of those living with type one diabetes are adults. many of them are seniors.

i was surprised and trouble to learn that medicare beneficiaries are being denied coverage for continuous glucose monitoring. as a consequence for such -- such situations to what we saw in the late 1990's, where individuals with have haddiabetes coverage for their monitors on their private insurance, only to lose that coverage. even though 95% of private insurers cover continuous glucose monitors. is why i have joined the cochair of the senate diabetes caucus in introducing to require medicare

to cover this important device. this is no time to take our foot off the accelerator. legislation to pass to expand the special diabetes program for two more years through september of 2017. official 150 an million dollars per year for type one diabetes research. i am hopeful this afternoon's hearing will generate even more support in congress to extend this important program in the future. say in the years i have worked on this issue i have been with the changes in

technology and the differences ofy have made to the lives people living with type one diabetes. i see young people from all who come toountry washington to share their stories with us. thank you so much for being here with us today. : in themccaskill interest of time, because we are doing this early, i'm not going to give my formal opening statement. you guys look so awesome. out --t used to looking this is a hearing room that we use for armed services hearing. typically i'm looking out at the

a bunch ofd it is dear people who are leaders and heroes. i have to get a picture of this. i am so proud of all of you. i am looking at all of the you because you are learning firsthand that you can make a difference and that you are here in washington. your government needs to listen to you about what you are living and and what your needs are the incredible gaping hole we have in this country. i am fortunate for seven the terror -- for senator collins. to be something that drives our commitment as a nation. will only do a couple of

shadows. . shadow to emilio cooper if she is from kansas city, probably a royals fan. we learn to love each other because it is all one state. of malia is a world traveler having visited 35 countries, a half marathon finisher, and a published author. we are proud to have you here. to'st to give a shout out -- to someone from my alma mater. has too many accomplishments for me to begin to talk. with amazing credentials. finally i want to recognize the

fact that you are ceo of jd rf from st. louis. i bet he's a cardinal fan. st. louis has a very active chapter. you have made me note that this is something we need to stay focused on. thank you for calling this important hearing. the commitment for many years is unmatched. i'm proud to be ranking on their committee. thank you all. >> this isn't our typical hearing. great one. another say we don't have wonderful hearings. we will now turn directly to our panel of witnesses.

it is my great pleasure to isabel from maine. she was diagnosed with type one diabetes at the age of two. an extraordinarily attractive girl, who enjoys reading, arts and crafts, playing soccer and saw ball -- and softball. senator mccaskill has introduced our second witness. third we will hear from kate hall. kate has become quite a star in the state of maine. recentlyioned she broke a 39-year-old national high school long jump record with an astonishing jump of 22 feet five inches.

i had to have her show me just how long that was. she was diagnosed with type one diabetes at age 10. she is yet another shining example of someone who has not stop anyfelong disease of her goals or ambitions. we are next going to hear from bob. turning to senator whitehouse to introduce bob. whitehouse: this is the most inappropriate aging committee hearing i have ever seen. it is terrific to see these blue seas of fate -- this sea of

faces. she is here with her mom. recognize the leadership the chairman has shown on this issue for a long time. there is support for continuous glucose monitoring. theled a letter to appropriations committee. we are happy to be senator mccollum's winged man on this issue. i get the pleasure of introducing a panelists here today. just like some of the other hasesses the chairman introduced, bob was diagnosed with type one diabetes at a very young age. he has been living with the disease for 67 years.

even back then bob refused to accept having type one diabetes meant he cannot lead an active life. eventually the track coach in providence college in rhode island. he was one of the most successful coaches, finishing with an astounding career record . 14 losses and one type. could be hereob today to share in the successes and challenges. we look forward to hearing about your experiences.

>> would the former track coach of providence college like to offer -- >> that occurred to me, whether i should see them next to each other were not. after we hear from the coach and we will hear from dr. griffin rogers, the director of the national institute of diabetes and kidney diseases at the national institute of health. it is a great honor to welcome you back. you testified at our previous senate hearing. so interested to hear your update on the research and technologies. finally we will hear from --

senator mccaskill has always introduced him. i do want to acknowledge senator shaheen. she is the cochair of the senate to diabetes caucus. a granddaughter. welcome. we will start with our first witness, and that will be isabel. much for coming from maine to be with us today. >> thank you chairman collins and senator mccaskill for inviting me to testify. i am 10 years old and i live in a rundle, maine. i was diagnosed with type one

diabetes when i was two years old. -- diagnosiswith was the start of a very different childhood. began every teen of 12 fingerprints and six insulin shots each day to keep my blood sugar in a healthy range. overe pricked my finger 20,000 times, changed my pumps over 400,000 times, and changed over 400 times. can you imagine having to stick your test stick a needle into your skin -- having to stick a needle in your skin? it's hard when you have to deal with diabetes every day. type one diabetes is something you can never stop thinking about. i constantly have to put my life on paz to test my blood sugar.

at any time,en during my favorite movie, at school, when i am swimming, or in the middle of a soccer or softball game. sometimes i even have to come out of the game to recover from a low blood sugar. when i feel my teammates made the most, it is so frustrating. activities don't always help my lower blood sugars when playing in the snow. i have been as low as to six into an even though it into my parents had me check. i am here is a children's because i wantte your help. i want to see a cure of diabetes in my lifetime and all my friends here today do as well. have spent the last eight years fighting for it. we need congress to continue fighting for us by funding

research through the special diabetes program. hard to raise funds for the -- raise funds for research. my walk team has to in the top fundraising team in maine for five out of the last seven years. i am proud to say we have raised over $100,000. summer i organized a concert where i played my guitar my community's understanding of diabetes. hopefully we will one day find a cure. this research has come technology that has made it easier to live with diabetes. one technology i used to track and manage my blood sugar is

called the continuous ketosis glucose-- continuous monitor. i have been wearing one since i was three years old. dadas hard for my mom and to know if my blood sugar was high or low, so they pricked my finger caused to leave throughout the day -- finger constantly throughout the day. this has made a huge difference. this device has helped me stay healthy, there is much more to be done and a cure is still needed. grow up i want to be a teacher created to help make this dream of mine become a reality, it is important congress continue supporting research. thank you. [applause]

>> that was perfect, you did a great job. amelia? >> thank you chairman collins, ranking member mccaskill, and members of the committee for inviting me to testify. my name is a million cooper, and type onegnosed with diabetes three years ago at age 12. has you all know the teenage years can be a little rough, with pressures to fit in, figure things out, and find your way. i think time when many of my peers are wearing -- are worrying about their social schedule, i focus my attention to things vital to my health. carefully have to monitor and manage my blood glucose level, which isn't easy since exercise, diet, and all impact -- all benefactors have an impact.

thankfully i was diagnosed after the discovery of insulin. i was diagnosed after insulin pumps and continuous glucose monitors were invented. learned how to manage my diabetes without letting it manage me. it is only through a very strict blood sugar management rate teen and through treatment and devices i have been able to live my life to the fullest. 35, the number of countries i've visited and still counting. 10, the number of things i wish my parents and new when i was diagnosed. as ate this article

published author in a blog diatribe. number of years after college takes to become a doctor. that is my dream job. type one, the number associated with my disease. i am confident we will support from type 12 type none. life has gotten easier, healthier, and safer. insulin pump and a continuous glucose monitor. theseell aware advancements took much time, research, and funding to become a reality. while i never participated in a formal clinical trial i am excited about a research project i conducted. i am always curious as to how and why my blood sugars are so irregular. changes in altitude can be very

hard on blood sugar control. i realized there was an opportunity to design a study to evaluate the changes my body experiences when i ski compared to my friends without diabetes. results, which were presented at this summer's american diabetes association in boston, showed that despite strenuous activity and increase in demand for insulin by more than one third. i showed my blood sugars can be in the same range as my friends, with careful monitoring and planning of my carbohydrates. continuousthe monitor was especially helpful in preventing hypoglycemia and ensuring safe blood sugars.

not compared to those responsible for the significant progress being made for the life-changing treatments. artificial pancreas technology, treatments i hope to have it available -- to have available in years to come. i am not someone who can just stand by when there is so much to be done in closing, i ask for your support in the fight to cure diabetes. thank you, chairman collins, mccaskill, and members of the committee for your time today. [applause] madam chairman, before we go on to the next witness, i ask that the record of this hearing reflect something that the people behind amelia might not have seen which is about her testimony, she virtually never

looked down at her notes which is far better than much adults. madam chairman: i just hope she doesn't run against me. [laughter] i'm in trouble at that happens. >> that really was extraordinary testimony and we thank you so much for being here today. we are going to turn to another extraordinary young woman, kate. kate: good afternoon. my name is kate hall and i am from casca maine. thank you, chairman collins, ranking member mccaskill and members of the committee to speak about my experience with type one diabetes as an athlete. i was diagnosed with type one diabetes when i was 10 years old. i thought i would never understand every little detail involved in having diabetes. i had to adjust in taking shots of insulin and check in my blood several times a day, learning how to count carbs in everything i ate and deal with high and low

blood sugars correctly. however, the thing that stood my first the most is soccer game after my diagnosis. that made me realize that it would never stop me from doing the things i loved most. i've got, i am not sitting out on anything ever again if i can help it. i'm figuring this thing out. type one diabetes is challenging, particularly when it comes to what i love doing most -- track and field. the events i competed -- long jump and short prints -- short spends -- require rigorous training. because i live with type one diabetes, keeping my blood sugar in healthy range is just as important as a part of my to prepare for competition. managing my diabetes can be hard at times and i realize i cannot figure everything out on my own. i need help from doctors, my parents, diabetes technology and researchers.

the competitive athlete, there are many details involved that people have to do to get the best results possible. some of these names include staying hydrated, eating well, sleeping well, training the right way and warming up to prevent injury. not only do i have to do all of these things, but making sure my blood level is at a good level is another thing to add. never i am training or computing, i have to take my blood sugar several times before in order to make sure it will not go high or low. if it is high or low, i need to quickly do what i need to do to get it to the perfect level so it does not negatively affect me. ofing my training competition, i try to check my blood sugar every half hour to ensure a high or low blood sugar will not affect my performances. sugar does become too high or low, which has happened several times, my dh level changes and i occasionally get muscle cramps. these muscle cramps are very painful and prevent me from competing the rest of the day or the rest of the week.

is this happens, it extremely frustrating to think that my diabetes is preventing me from doing what i loved the most, even when i try my hardest to control it. i went insulin pump and have a monitor until we change health insurance companies. with most private health insurance covering that these days, i'm hoping my current plan will update the policy so i can use a cgm again. these devices help me spend more of my day in healthy range and also helps me focus on training and competing. technology and management devices and the support of my friend and health care team have allowed me to pursue my passion and become a world ranked junior athlete. i was able to end my high school long jump career by breaking a 39-year-old national high school record with a jump of 22 feet, and five inches at the nationals last month. broke the u.s. junior record in 1982 and surpassed the automatic qualifying standard for the 2016 olympic trials. i also finished in the 100

meters event with a time of 11.37 seconds. by doing this to one day represent the united states at the olympics. this fall, i will begin training at iowa state. although i will be far from home and working with a new team, one key part of my life remains unchanged -- the challenges of managing my type one diabetes every single day. fornology is important those of us are type one diabetes and we need more. we need scientists hope is figure out better treatments and a cure for this disease. that is on my family and i are grateful for the funding provided for type one diabetes research. chairman collins, we thank you for your leadership. all of us with type one diabetes are counting on congress to help us figure it out. thank you. [applause] chairman collins: thank you. kate, i just want to say that personally how proud i am of you. it was just thrilling to hear of

your success and setting new records and to do so while coping with a very complicated illness is even more impressive. but most of all, you really inspire all of the children who are here today to note that they, too, can achieve their dreams, so thank you for coming. kate: thank you. chairman collins: restrict the motto, welcome. amato: members of the committee, thank you very much for this opportunity to speak before you. amato and i'm from johnston rhode island -- johnston, rhode island. and i was first diagnosed with , 67 years ago,es i was approximately 70 years

old. -- i was approximately seven years old. thinking at that time, people, such as you guys, were not able to compete. nugent -- no gym, that was difficult. i did not accept that and i sought guidance from joslin clinic and again some guidance or my parents -- from my parents and i was able to prove that particular concept of fallacy. a fallacy to the point where in 2009, i was entered into the providence college for athletics for both my running accomplishments and the congressman's as a coach -- and

accomplishments as a coach. as a coach, i had the privilege of coaching to world champions. [laughter] i all-american. in 60 newcompeted england championships. my coaching colleagues selected year 15e coach of the different times. that is what i would hope for when i was told it couldn't be done. i was able to find success despite the daily challenges of diabetes. because i always used -- now, this is important, the term -- the latest technology. the latest technology.

you've got to picture that when i first came down with diabetes, the needles, get ready for this one, the needles were metal. we had to sharpen them on the stone. the syringes were glass. analysis -- testing urine was a method of determining blood glucose. now we are up to the influence and the technology is just fantastic. about 15 years ago i began to that the normal low blood sugar warnings were no longer happening. all of you know that when you have a low blood sugar, you are

either a little bit tired, a little bit shaky, or things happen that are not normal. at this point in my diabetes career, after 67 years, those body signals are gone. me with some pretty big dangers. way to managend a that situation. i was fortunate that the jd rf funded research programs using the continuous glucose cgm's. boston and i in was one of the first to start on that and we spent about a year with that program. it was great. i went not realizing what was

to insulinth regards reactions, as we used to call them, hypoglycemia, low blood sugar, you all are familiar with that, to now knowing ahead of time what to do and how to correct it. it also enabled me to control my diabetes better. which is very important. a new technology helped me with a situation that was really dangerous. as a result of the jdf study and other studies, the cgm's were endorsed by leading clinics throughout the country. their doctrine in society, the american diabetes association, -- american clinical

american association of clinical and technologist. i do not know what they are. they are great organizations, i know, but we cannot relate to them. that almostay is agency, almost everyone, is now on board. but there is still a tragedy. medicaretragedy is will not cover these things. medicare over a period of four solid years. have iser that i thicker than this. , i receivedever

november, itst was ok. the judge found in my favor. again, had the pleasure, as i said, to world champions, the feeling i had at those two world champion successes was exactly the same when they told we find in favor of you. that was not all the difficulty. two months later, they took it back. they said no. and i was heartbroken. i have not given up. i have not given up. and that is what i hope you guys will do as you are going through schools, high school with a in college and so forth. do not quit.

medicarei depend on for my diabetes, the cgm's could .ave my life it almost saved my life when i was wearing them numerous times. as i say, i will not cms's administration, the administrators of the cancare program, the cgm mean literally a difference between life and death. i'm going to explain one instance. you've got to remember that we are trying to show the that has helped me for 67 years.

to be healthy, strong, and successful. now, they have taken that technology away. i was driving on the interstate between boston and rhode island knowing, a reaction to low blood sugar occurred. my car started to move back-and-forth and forth on the highway. i did not realize that. .n 18 wheeler didn't realize he saw what was happening and he took and pushed my car off the median.o the when the technicians at took my blood sugar, it was extremely low. that gentleman save my life. happen. not have to

that did not have to happen. cgm is have been -- the what i'm trying to get out -- if that -- if i had had that, i would have known ahead of time and things would have been taken care of. i could have taken care of them. about one month ago, i had a chance -- things have been difficult now that we are back out of this situation. about one month ago, i had a chance to visit providence college. i went up there alone. iairman collins: mr. amato, hate to cut you off because your story is absolutely fascinating. i'm just worried because of the scheduling, so if i could ask you to wrap up, that would be great. amato: i would like to thank you for the opportunity to be here and pleading for this particular situation. i hope that the vote will be

taken from those who have been on assignment with you and they will continue. if anyone has any questions, and i know you do not have the time for this, but if you do have questions, please, be free to contact me and i would be granted talk with you. thank you. you, -- collins thank chairman collins: thank you. [applause] thank you for your compelling testimony. dr. rogers, great to have you back. dr. rogers: great to be back. senator collins, mccaskill, and members of the committee, thank you for this opportunity to testify. type one diabetes is a lifelong disease that affects americans of all ages, including seniors. on behalf of the national institute of health, i am pleased to report that our research investment continues to improve the lives of people with

type one diabetes. through coordinated efforts with our research partners at jd rf and the ada as well as with the support of the recently renewed special statutory funding program for type i diabetes, we are helping children sitting here today and all people with type i diabetes live healthier lives and longer lives. --m pleased to report that since i testified before this committee two years ago -- we have made significant scientific advances that are putting us closer to reaching our ultimate goal of venting, treating, and ultimately clearing type i diabetes and the convocations. what the renewal of the special a special diabetes programs from the fiscal year 2017 that you alluded to, we are looking for to taking advantage of future opportunities that i would like

to briefly describe or you today . before i highlight some of these advances, i would like to certainly acknowledge the important contribution that my fellow witnesses have made. i want to thank you for your personal testimony that you are not lending type i diabetes define you as a person. i am pleased to share the table with doctors who the -- with dr. huni, i'm sure she has research goals of her venting, -- preventing and curing type i diabetes. i would also like to thank everybody here today representing americans of all ages with type i diabetes. i'm happy to report that the outlook of people with type i diabetes is better than ever. people with the disease have new and emerging technologies and david stout manage the disease. the cousin of research conducted by an idd kay's landmark diabetes control and complications trial and the follow-up study called edic, we

know that early and intensive but sugar control is key to reducing the risk of the devastating complications of the disease. just this year we learned from the dccd edic that people with type ii diabetes who control their blood sugar levels early in their disease are more likely to live longer than those who do not. further emphasizing the importance of early and intensive blood sugar control. however, as everyone here today knows, controlling blood sugar is easier said than done. it is extremely challenging and burdensome and it is also limited by the potential for acute episodes of have a --cemia or dangerously low hypoglycemia or dangerous and low blood sugars. the artificial pancreas is the device that can sense blood sugar levels and automatically

administer insulin. i'm pleased to report that with this special diabetes program support, there has been tremendous progress in this area. just last year with researchers testing portable cell phone-based devices in real-world settings. the use of an automated by hormonal bionic pancreas for five days and five nights bibles and adolescents led to lower blood sugar levels and reduced episodes of hypoglycemia. another study found that in adolescence, unsupervised and overnight use of artificial pancreas for 21 nights that to improved blood sugar controls during the day and the night and reduced the number of episodes of these hypoglycemia is. because of this tremendous progress, artificial technology -- pancreatic technology holds great promise in the near term approaching to help manage type i diabetes by improving their health. however, it is not a cure.

replacing or restoring the function of the beta cells would be the biological care. under vigorous investigation, one strategy to replace these beta cells is via transportation -- transplantation. registry has shown both safety and efficacy outcomes have 2007 2010rom the a compared to, for example, 1999 two 2006. additional research progress areas that have both inmate by with the co-lead technical pilot transparent consortium and they completed a pivotal trial, phase three trial, and have reached another endpoint in the second phase retrial. we look for to these exciting results to be submitted to the pancreaticthe

product for transplantation. a current barrier for using islet transplantation is the scarcity of donor islets for transportation. here is another major advance to overcome this difficulty that has been recently reported by k's biology in nidd consortium. to achieve the long-standing goal of type i diabetes research, they discovered a way to create large numbers of these glucose responsive, insulin producing beta cells. we think with further research, the cells could be used for transplantation to restore insulin producing capacity in diabetes.ith type i nih has also made important research and strives to combat diabetes complications. for example, a recent trial conducted by the national eye retinopathyiabetic clinical research, they compared three drugs with widely

different cost for treating diabetic eye disease. the result showed that in people with mild vision loss, all three drugs were equally affected. -- effective. they could include clinical decisions and lead to more personalized treatment for diabetic eye disease by having the mythic and cost of locations and the drugs were found to improve vision which could make a difference in the quality of life that people with diabetes share. one other point is that the an dk adnand the cbc -- nid developed a research program and it has shown that type i diabetes in people under the age of 20 has risen by 21%. it has risen by 21% by the year -- during the years 2001 two

2009. these data suggest that there is some environmental factors or factor or factors that is contributing to disease risk and our study of the environmental determinants of diabetes of the youth are teddy study, which follows 6000 kids from birth through the age of 15, we hope we will very soon get a handle on what these environmental risk factors are. i know that the time is limited, so let me just ended there and say, chairman collins and senator mccaskill and members of the committee, thank you for the opportunity to testify before you today. the is grateful for your ,ontinued support of congress private and public partners, and unwavering efforts of the clinical study volunteers. we look forward to continuing our vigorous support of research to build upon our recent scientific advances toward the goal of allowing people, of all

ages, with type i diabetes to live long and healthy lives, free of the burden of this disease. thank you for your attention and i look forward to answering any questions you might have. jimmy collins: thank you very much -- chairman collins: thank you very much. [applause] habib, as i'm going to call you -- . habib: i'm delighted to be here and i think the speech i'm going to give is more educational and hopefully to convince you how to invest in research more and more so we can children to become type none, not type i.

thank you. if you focus on the slide, the poster. i diabetes is a disease. that means that the immune system, which is there to protect us from infection, cancer, and other diseases makes mistakes and then attacks the better cells so that the bugs are the new and the flowers of the dead flowers, so when the new system or the bugs attack the flowers or the beta cells therefore, sugar cannot be taken to the cells in the cells cannot have energy, therefore, they cannot function. tostarted by looking at how

get the bugs away so that they do not attack the beta cells so that we can get insulin again. succeededd that, we when we try to get the immune before they develop typei diabetes. but we failed when we tried. to make a to use little bit of thinking and hearing the disease as diagnosed. technology that can reverse the disease. formula carter, we understood that the immune system, when it attacks the beta cells, it also attacks the blood vessels that connect the beta cells to the rest of the body. they can no longer distribute that insulin or cannot get

things to them to produce insulin and the blood vessels represented by the pipe, if you look at the pub, it is broken, so it is leaking. , itrder to fix the disease works like this. in order to fix the disease and curate, you can just eliminate the bugs. bugs withminate the the drug and you fix the pipe with stents, then you can get the flowers to flower again and produce insulin and cure the disease. this is the experiment we set to test and we did. next slide, please. have a did here is we sick mouse in that panel, the

left side. we are going to treat it or give it a drug to eliminate the immune system that the tax the beta cells. -- that attacks the beta cells. we gave it stem cells we get from blood or bone marrow and watch what happened to the mouse. surprisingly, what we found -- a schematic representation -- we made the mouse happy [laughter] it's back on its scooter and then hoping we can get you all back on our scooters. [applause] so two more minutes, thank you. , we'reed at the pancreas looking at the lower level, if

dotsee, there is a brown with leftover beta cells. after he gave at this treatment, with cap insulin became and it became full of insulin. that is what we want to do. ist is what the experiment aimed at. we were aiming to care type i diabetes and he would not need to give yourself insulin anymore. if this pans out and if we have funding for the research to continue and similar programs that will take us there. that is the science part of it. you can remove the thing. what i want to say is that i have been doing research for 20 years on type i diabetes.

progress.n making closert we are getting to really make the difference, i find myself really in trouble funding wise. timee to spend 70% of my writing grants. so far, this year, i have not been successful. i would rather spend my time doing research rather than writing grants and writing again the same thing and writing again the same thing and getting nothing. so my advice or opinion is that chairman collins, you made the statement -- you said we keep collins,well, chairman

--d a mccaskill, senators senator mccaskill, senators, keep pushing. iu will get a cure for type [laughter] diabetes. collins: thank you very much. [applause] thank you all for your excellent testimony. isabel, you talked about that you have warned of continuous aucose monitor -- worn continuous glucose monitor since i think age three. does it send a signal to your parents on their phone or some other way if your blood sugar is getting too low? so it does not matter if my blood sugar is high or low or no rather like what my

blood -- no matter what like my blood sugar is saying. bagve a little iphone in my and my cgm reads there and my of my sends it, all numbers, to my parents. even if they are across the globe, they can still see my numbers. chairman collins: that is great and it shows how important it says, it ismato truly a lifesaver. kate, you talked about your family changing health care plans and then you lost coverage for your cgm. is that right? cates: yes. chairman collins: i want you to know that we are working very hard with your insurer and we've got some people for you to call. i'm hoping we can get that situation taken care of. kate: thank you so much. [applause]

chairman collins: can you describe the difference for you between having the cgm and not having one? kate: yeah, it makes a big difference in general, especially with competing because i need to know what my blood sugars are every single moment because it can go low in like 10 minutes without even realizing. usually, either when my parents on my trainer will be able to see my blood sugars are the whole time i compete, and it does it is going low, i can make the adjustment before it goes below so i do not have muscle cramps and it makes a huge difference. it has been tough not having it recently, so hopefully, it works out. chairman collins: thank you. dr. rodgers, did medicare officials at cms consult with you before they made the decision to not have coverage

for cgm's for medicare beneficiaries? dgers: i am unaware of any cms officials contacting us on this. i'm in agreement with a comment that the former commissioner of the fda made that as an agency we should work together on this entire scheme. very recently, we held a diabetes interagency coordinating committee which niddk chair story presented weormation -- chairs and presented information about glucose monitoring, particularly in older bundles, and the proposals that came out of that meeting were presented to a group of experts and a uniformly agreed that this is really a high area for research priority. they think that this is very important to move forward with tara reid chairman collins: thank you. i think it is absolutely

incredible -- forward with. you.man collins: thank i think it is also incredible that they did not consult with fda which approved the device before deciding that it was just a precautionary or safety device and was considered non-medical. mr. amato, it sounds like it was certainly medical for you and literally a lifesaver, would you agree with that? -- amato: yes, senator mccaskill, collins, i'm side. yes, i would have to agree with that. i saw those two terms, precautionary and medically necessary, over and over again. it is still not believed to be medically necessary, at least in the data that has been sent to me. we will just keep our fingers

crossed. chairman collins: as i mentioned statement,ng i have a bill to mandate the coverage and free will -- i cannot speak for my colleagues -- but i'm pretty sure we will all be pushing very hard on that. said in amelia, you your testimony that there were 10 things that you wished your parents had known when you were diagnosed. i am almost out of time, but could you tell me the top thing that you wish your parents had known? amelia: i think that the top thing i wish they had known is that when i go low, i get upset or angry or something, but then every time i got angry or upset or something, they automatically jumped to the conclusion that i was low. [laughter] after a while, it got kind of annoying. [laughter] chairman:: thank you very much.

cindy mccaskill: you needed them to know that you could just be angry. -- sic: yes amelia: yes. senator mccaskill: having children, i understand that. let me start with the doctor. in your testimony, you talk about the need to involve pharmaceutical companies and clinical type i diabetes research. is there anyway at the federal level, is there anything we can do to encourage that kind of cooperation? habib: i think you can. they tested them in a clinic -- test the drug in a clinical trial. , but ike money understand 10 years ago that they spent $400 million to generate one drug. i do not know if that is still

true or now but i think if createernment can help something for them to take that risk, i think that would push us forward toward the cure. rodgers,caskill: dr. we know that research dollars .re scarce and agency we've been under a dark cloud now for several years because of our cutting back on funding to nih and it is my understanding that there is an effort to alleviate that somewhat this year. we still won't get back to the kind of increases i think we need to be embracing to stay in a dominant position in terms of medical research around the world, but does nih and niddk, how do you decide what research studies that you find and are you getting priority to clinical

studies that have a better chance of translational impact in terms of quality of life for people like the other people in front of me and for the federal government saving money? all you got to do is turn on cable tv, not for type i, but for type ii, there is no question that glucose monitoring is one of the drivers of our day. because of the cost of monitoring and all of the ads for buying monitoring machines that is all being paid for by the federal government. dr. rodgers: you raise an important point and certainly the prevalence, the burden of the disease, the number of people affected, but also the expert input that we get, the unique scientific opportunities that we may have at particular times all factor in to the types

of trials that we conduct when we conduct them and how expensive they are. there are other aspects sort of a new question that there are potential opportunities, for example, that one would think the private sector would be more involved in related to the question that was just mentioned. for example, the special diabetes statutory fund thing has allowed us, for example, to work with our sister organization, the national eye institute, to conduct the study of three commonly used drugs for the treatment. one of the major complications is diabetic eye disease. for example, this network of these particular treatments i mentioned during my testimony, one costs about $2000 per injection. one costs to -- 1200 dollars per injection at one costs $70 per

injection. these are given to people that had mild vision loss, over half of whom enrolled in the trial. it is important to indicate that all of the results were quite substantial in terms of the improvement, but all three of these drugs had nearly equivalent effects. of thely, because financial aspects of this, this is not the particular study quite likely that the private sector or a pharmaceutical company would be likely to find, but it is the kind of thing related to the question that you asked. sender mccaskill: right, let's go all in on the $70, right? rodgers: one other example is the are able to find a trial contravention of in-state adrenal disease -- renal disease or renal loss using a fairly safe and quite effective drug called

allopurinol. africa we used drug for the treatment of gout because there is fairly good indication that this may prevent the progression of kidney damage to end his stage renal disease where patients will have to undergo medicare coverage. if we are able to show in this trial that this safe and now generic drug can effectively prevent the disease and type i diabetes, it will likely save a tremendous amount of funds moving forward and it may have application in the broader setting of type ii diabetes were complications are quite similar. senator mccaskill: two i very much. thank you.llins: senator tillis? tillis: thank you for being here. i had the opportunity to meet with the sum of. i do not know if i see rachel appear at front and trinity down and turner. i know the others are in the

room. i think on the half of all north carolinians, we appreciate you wearing tar heel blue today. [laughter] amato, you mention something that as i was sticking to my guest in my office, but we look at the need to provide coverage for cgm, i think we have to take a look at benefits and economic terms that i think are far outweigh the cost. while we look at your situation, mother oftella, the stella, a young girl, four-year-old, she was just relating the story about an automobile accident that occurred in her car was damaged as a result of someone who was obviously in circumstance similar to what you describe. i think as we go forward and we build support for coverage for cgm, we really need to articulate a lot of the hidden costs that probably are not being taken into account that in

my mind far outweigh the cost of providing the device, the greatest benefit is for rachel's mother to be able to track her while she is playing volleyball and kate, similar to you, whether or not she has the situation to deal with but also because i think it makes great fiscal sense. i look forward to moving forward and supporting efforts to do that. kate, i also want to pick on you for a minute. i hear that when you set the juniors record for long jump, you are down in north carolina. [laughter] something in the air down there. you've got to consider coming back, but can you tell me about some of your experiences were in real time, the device has had an impact on you personally? kate: i first got it a couple of years ago and i noticed a huge difference when i got it and it helped me control my blood sugars. not only that, but especially when competing. it really helped me, the cgm,

and it just tells me when it is going high or low and i can keep with me all the time. instead of having to check my blood sugar every half hour at that and nowhere does heading and grab something to eat will quickly get insulin and i do not get any muscle cards and helps immediately, so it is very helpful. senator tillis: thank you. dgers, i know with the agreed generation, isabel was matter-of-factly talking about the integration with their iphone and ability to broadcast her levels in real-time to her parents, but what is the challenges that we have with seniors also taken advantage of this and what kind of adoption rates do we see among seniors versus the more youthful population we have present today? ers: the adoption of these new technologies are certainly that seniors are

, perhaps not at the level of younger generations, but with the cgm, there is a fair amount of data to recognize that have glycemia, very low blood sugar levels, among people 65 or older with type i diabetes and aniously substantial unrecognized problem in terms of how often it occurs. it seems to be a major contributor to emergency room visits. when you mentioned the hidden cost and when comparing cost, imagine what the cost is having to return to emergency room's repeatedly versus the cost of that type of care, having said that, this is one of those areas and again, with the special diabetes program, we recognize that we have to bring your

-- we have tois bring new talented in this field, and not only making these more miniaturized and easier to use, but we also have been bringing in people with knowledge of behavioral science because it is one thing to have the technology, but getting people to use it they provide its own challenges and to get it to be used more respectively, particularly with older individuals who may be suffering with visual problems, hearing loss, etc. and these are issues. time is up,is: my but one thing i would like to spend some time on is i really think to build our case for providing coverage for cgm that burdened the fully cost of not doing it is critically important. when you think about senior's care, particularly -- my mother

is 82, lives alone and does not have diabetes -- but i do know of many seniors that are living likelihoodly and the that they can continue to live independently, if they happen to have diabetes, can not be overly -- cannot only be the moderate of care they can see or family who could not be in a position to provide care. when you look at additional cost by not being able to live independently by emergency rooms and other complications, by not having active monitoring, you can really see the basis for building a compelling case for coverage. thank you. chairman collins: thank you. sender: thank you, madam chair and thank you to all of you for being here. i would like to mention my hoosiers here with me from indiana, christian allen, aidan h, to kate,orvat you will find on your way back

from iowa to make, you drive to indiana along the way. [laughter] i have a home-cooked meal ready for you when you come back to indiana. charlie kimball, who came in third in the indy 500, last by maybe a car length. charlie kimball is the type i diabetic who drove that race car degree miles in 100 weather and it and ask ordinary job. one other thing, madam chair, i wanted to let you know that the young man from my hometown, and gabe martinez and he has had type one since he was very young , about two years ago, i told dave, i said -- we will cure type i diabetes. he is a huge cubs fan. isaid -- we will cure type diabetes before the cubs win the world series. [laughter] his father said you a lot better than that for us. dr.of you, dr. rodgers and z, how do is ok, dr.

you protect those islet cells from the immune system woman put them back into the body to go to work? hi -- a line >> we need you to turn on your microphone. ab: there are no islet cells, it is the cells themselves that have their own seeds and they rejuvenate again. sender: so you agree that private cells that are already in your body? hibab: yes. sender: how do we keep them from being attacked by the immune system? hibab: excellent question. so you have juvenile kids and one has the disease and one does not. the reason is the environmental factor that applies for one and

not the other. in order for the disease to happen, it has those environments of factors to be there. eventse thousands of that happen and they have to come together for the hurricane to occur. same thing with islet. in the same them person, unless you have those all even for environments to happen again, you don't -- they can do anything to do this for the immune system. senator: howard you get rejuvenated again question mark is it an ejection? bab: there are seats. once you fix the blood vessel or thatnate the immune system attacks the beta cells or stem cells, or the ones we get, the once you get off her blood, it -- hose that will regrow

senator: if we do that, that would enable all of these youngsters to go to type none? hibab: that is what i hope. senator: how long do think that is until it could go on market/ ? i'm not looking for a guarantee but the neighborhood. ibab: my answer is -- the more money you put, the faster it goes. [laughter] [applause] senator: how much will it cost to get it done next week? [laughter] we are incredibly grateful for that effort and we will make sure that the funding is there for you to keep this moving along. rodgers, behind duke

article bunch of your team from the nih and i would like them to stand up who have been such an excellent very job in the research over the years. [applause] dr. rodgers, what is -- sorry -- what is the most pressing thing you need from congress right now? obviously funds, what kind of funds do you need to get this to a place where we do not have another chalice congress for the child's congress two years from now is a celebration of having found the cure? rodgers: well, i think, as dr. z mentioned, we have a lot of great investigators with a lot of great ideas. we are only able to entertain and successfully fund may be one in five or perhaps one in six of

those. we think there is certainly room for other outstanding ideas because in this particular case we want to be thinking about the multipronged approach. we want to be able to develop new sources of cells to implant. we want to have the same time because we know some much about the genetics and you are susceptible to developing this, we want to continue to determine that environment of factors that has increased the incident by of in this short period time. we know the genes have not changed, it must be something in the environment. if we can find what it is in the environment, an infectious agent, we can develop a vaccine. if it is something that could either protect against developing the disease or ifually cause the disease, it is something in the diet and dietary modifications could be an effect. for people who have the existing

disease, in the early stages of autoimmunity, we went to selectively try to turn and her first that autoimmune disease and use fairly selective manners which you heard from dr. z. not completely wiping out the immune system because it is therefore reason but selectively going at the cells that are attacking this beta cells. this is what we are learning, especially with the addition of this special diabetes program. for people who have the existing disease for longer periods of time, we want them to live a more comfortable life to time prevent them from developing the complications. senator cornyn thank you. ato, you are an inspiration and to the unkept, we hope to beat this thing so that when you are mr. amato's h, this is a memory from long ago. thank you, madam chair. [applause] chairman collins: thank you. [applause]

a great pleasure to call upon senator shaheen, the cochair of the diabetes caucus. , both shaheen: thank you for your leadership as chair of the diabetes caucus and for the work that you are doing on this committee and thank you for letting me squat at this hearing is i am not normally a member of this committee, but i very much appreciate being able to be here. i want to thank all of you delegates who are part of the children's congress because you are absolutely the best usocates for helping all of who want to see a cure for diabetes and what to see the .est new treatments available i want to recognize sky archibald and her family from new hampshire who is here as part of the congress and also senator collins was kind enough to recognize my daughter and granddaughter, stephanie and only shaheen, they have been

very much part of the children's congress in the past. they are here today with their diabetes service dog coach. to all of you who have testified, thank you very much for your work and for your willingness to share your stories today. i cannot mr. amato, agree more with what senator collins and senator tellis said about the importance -- not just of making sure that medicare cgm, because it is the right thing to do but it is the economic thing to do. i just want to quote from a study that was done called diabetes, research, and the public is by two economists. it points out that diabetes cost the united states 200 $45 billion -- two and a $45 billion in 2012 and it is expected to double by the year 2020. edit care cost from diabetes were $104 billion in 2012 and

their projected to increase to $226 billion by 2020. the increased cost our picture beautiful -- are attributable to a large weight as the leading cause of kidney failure, adult blindness, not to madagascar tatian's, and nerve damage, stroke, and heart attacks. those things happen because people do not get the treatment that they need and the cgm is part of that treatment. there is no doubt that we should fund that and hopefully with everybody's help here, we can get that legislation passed to get that to happen. rodgers, i wanted to ask talked you and dr. z about the promising research to address diabetes. i wondered if you could speak to what you think is the most immediate

breakthrough that we are looking at that will make a difference in treatments? dr. rodgers: i think prevention -- yes, yes, and i be this in terms of prevention whoither preventing people are genetically susceptible to this disease from developing it based upon what i mentioned before and this petty study of environmental determinants of this is a study of kids from birth to the age of 15. we are developing important knowledge from that study. preventing people who have those genes and have actually begun to show signs of community -- community, our study is beginning to use certain types of drugs to reverse that autoimmune process to allow

those beta cells to last longer. the longer they last, the less likely it is that individuals with type one diabetes will develop serious cup locations. for the people with the disease, this artificial pancreas linking the insulin infusion with continuous glucose monitoring brought together by some sort of computer device typically on phones now is the best technology because we know keeping the blood sugar in line is really the best way to prevent these complications. in the last two years, we've had such great success at this that it is quite likely working with our friends at the fda that many of these devices will be approved. that is really in the short term

the likelihood for best success with the largest impact. get wonder if i could emilia and isabel to tell us what is the best advice you would give to somebody who is just been diagnosed with type one. the advice i would give is to educate your friends and family members as quickly as you can about your disease. if you get them involved, it takes the pressure off. it is better for your safety and mental health. >> thank you. that -- keepld say trying to raise money and make sure no one stops you from doing anything just because you have type one diabetes. do what you dream of. >> great advice. [applause]

>> try to top that. : i won't even try. we should have more hearings like this where we not only have testimony but also questions and audience participation and reaction. that is pretty rare. i wanted to give a shout out to some pennsylvanians i met with earlier today. you can howard from wayne, pennsylvania, evan from westchester, julia from lancaster, kathryn from pittsburgh and madison houston from waterford. to give them a round of applause. wayne.n howard from [applause] >> because they were so mobilized until effective in

such good advocates come i figured they can come back here and solve our appropriations problem and work on foreign policy. we are grateful for that. i want to apologize for being late and missing a good bit of the testimony but we are grateful to have this chance to talk for a minute. i won't be long because i was late. sometimes we have an exhaustive discussion on the topic and often senators can leave here orhout getting a to do list at least one that is emblazoned in our minds. before we get to our younger -- i want to go back to you. if you had a short list, what would you hope that the congress would do in the near term and over the next couple of years in terms of short-term assignments and longer-term commitments as well?

dr. rogers: i'm grateful for all of the support that congress has in identifyingh biomedical research is an area moving forward that is of great interest. we have such great ideas out there but unfortunately, in recent years, have not been able to have the opportunity to bring in as many new ideas and investigators as we would like. in the short term, i want to thank you for the support that we have learned about and we hope that as that progresses forward this i will be happy in two years to report to you what is this what has happened with that incremental support that we have received. focus on all aspects of this from prevention to early

intervention to making certain that the primary and secondary complications are considered. it really is the secondary disease,on, the eye the kidney disease, the nondramatic invitations -- nontraumatic amputations contributing to the cost that senator shaheen referenced. that is driving the cost of this. both for our young and are older population. we are keenly aware of that and really targeting our efforts in all of these categories. sure at whatmake has a moment. -- everyone has a moment. anyone else on the panel? z: my answer is really

short. the same i gave to senator donnelly. funding. that is an important to do list. i'm almost out of time. isabel come i wanted to ask you how your friends have helped you through the early years of your life when you have the challenge of not just getting through school, but also dealing with a significant health challenge. can you describe how your friends have helped you? isabel: hi friends are very helpful. -- my friends are very helpful. when i was in preschool and he momindergarten, my came in and helped me explain to the class why i was always getting pulled aside so they

were not getting confused. now, they know that i have it and they are very helpful my pump rmetimes ings and they go and tell the teacher. they are very helpful. >> i want to give applause to your friends. how about that? [applause] >> thank you. >> thank you. i apologize for being late. we are running multiple things at once. i had to come and join this group. to senator collins for pulling us altogether. this is a terrific annual event. i want to say special shout out

to jeffrey from plymouth, massachusetts. good to see you, jeffrey. [applause] warren: we've been talking about the cost of diabetes. type one diabetes is a terrible personal cost on our kids and families and financial costs are staggering. 40% of families with diabetic children experience financial strain and care for type one diabetes costs are health system an estimated $15 billion a year. i want to start from a different direction. onset orld delay the reduce the severity of type one diabetes so that millions of americans could stop buying insulin, glucose monitors, test strips, if we could stop paying the costs of doctors visits to emergency rooms, what do you estimate we would save every

year? dr. rogers: if we could prevent diabetes from occurring and reduce the severity of the disease, that would result in a tremendous cost savings. -- have cost like estimated what that would result in. the nih has not made any of those cost estimates, to my knowledge. , a majorn tell you cost is associated with these secondary publications. --isease, kidney disease secondary complications. eye disease, kidney disease. the benefits in terms of cost effectiveness, one could potentially do estimations on

those. but i don't have a good estimate to tell you how much precisely we could -- a 10%r warren: i take it reduction would be about $3 billion. a of money we are talking about here. just a lot of money. when you combine it with the human cost, it would be a no-brainer. [applause] dr. rogers, you direct the national institute of diabetes. how much money do you have for with what youared had 10 years ago? dr. rogers: that is a question -- if one were to include in addition to our regular appropriations and special

,iabetes program appropriations because of inflation, we have lost about 24% in our buying power over that 10 year period. >> you have effectively about 24% less money to work with than you had 10 years ago for the kind of research that you are doing. you are not alone. nih funding overall is down 25% since 2003. that means, we are investing about 12.5 billion dollars less in medical research this year than if we had just kept up with inflation over the last decade. last week, the house passed the 21st century cures act which includes the cures innovation , nind.

fill a $12.5 billion hole, but it is something. i'm concerned the nih may not even get that much. before this bill passed the house, a section requiring the appropriators to continue to fund the nih at current levels was taken out. this is called a maintenance of effort provision. without it, there is nothing to stop congress from cutting the base budget. in order to try to cut government spending overall. if that happened, nih's budget would not increase at all. billion is the $1.9 added on top.

if the result of the 21st century cures bill is a new fund fanfare buteat doesn't result in the additional money, does that research that help the research community? dr. z: i began to downsize my laboratory because i cannot get the appropriate funding to maintain. i was speaking with the director of nih, dr. rogers. grants fromve three about $2 million apiece every five years. in order to maintain my operation. because i cannot do it for the last two years, i have started downsizing. only -- thes not

research is now going to be stopped. we cannot make progress. there is one more problem. i'm training people to take cover when i'm out. i can no longer train those people. we are hurting ourselves in many different points. senator warren: you cannot maintain, you are cutting back. you are not in a position to grow the research. families are struggling with diabetes, parkinson's, alzheimer's mother serious conditions. real increases in funding on medical research. alzheimer's, other serious conditions. i hope senate colleagues will join me in this effort. or, improve the 21st century cures bill so it's really about additional money or bring other ideas to the table.

if we are serious about saving money, congress has to step up and make a real commitment of real dollars. [applause] >> i want to thank all of our witnesses today, in particular the delegates who have come from every state in the union and across the globe to make the case for more support for diabetes funding. that is the shared goal of everyone in this committee. it's because of the efforts of families all across this country whose children have juvenile diabetes or type one diabetes that we have been able to triple the funding for diabetes

1997 when wee first started the diabetes caucus. i can see dr. rogers nodding in agreement. i'm proud of the fact that we have extended the special diabetes program which focuses and diabetes among native american populations, that we've been able to extend that important program. we could not have done those spending increases that are so vital to progress without the room,f the people in this testified.who have ke advocacy of the jd rf, the american diabetes association and other groups.

we have really come a long long way. that's why we have the technology that we do. yearsyler moore for many hearingss came to our to review the progress and talk about her own life living with type one diabetes, she was not able to be here this year but she certainly is in the thoughts of many of us. she once told me you have to be a mathematician, a physician, a personal trainer and a dietitian all rolled into one to keep your diabetes under control. there is a lot of truth in that. fortunately today, we also have some wonderful advances in technology and we are going to keep pushing for that as well as

a change in medicare policy so peopleen the young here grow up, they will not have to get the coverage for the cgm. we will make sure that happens. my thanks to the more than 160 delegates and all of their families. after all, it does take the entire family who have traveled to washington to tell your stories. you are the ones who really make a difference by putting a human face on this disease. at jd to thank everyone rf for your help in organizing this, the nih doctors and dr. z for coming as well. most of all, our three young people on the panel. kate.la, amelia and

committee members will have until friday when july 24 to submit any additional materials or questions for the record. i want to thank all the members of the panel who have been here today and all of you for sitting so patiently so long. i know that can be a trial. thank you and let's end this hearing in an unconventional way by giving a radical plus to all the delegates -- giving a round of applause to all the delegates here. [applause]

[captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. visit ncicap.org] [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2015]

[no audio]

>> join us later today for a hearing on nutrition labeling. show the hearing at 1:00 eastern time and then open our phone lines for your reaction at 2:40 pm eastern. go with us on our c-span cities tour. hearing from local historians, authors and civic leaders. tour -- thisities month, will show it on c-span every day at six across eastern -- at six clark eastern. eastern. the author of a biography of andstrialist henry flatter

a professor who wrote about the civil rights movement in florida. tonight it's his clock p.m. eastern -- tonight at six clark p.m. eastern. improving american .nfrastructure -- tonight at 6:00 p.m. eastern. and gingerant strand. it's hosted by the commonwealth club of california in san francisco. here is a preview. >> burlington has rested their because oftility money. the rates were too high. not surprising. still a reason that many towns are trying to get in on this. community power can be a source of revenue for the town. , consumers payer

less on average than private power. some towns wanted to develop green power. boulder, colorado recently did not knew they were -- review the contract because they were tired of the company dragging its feet on developing green power and is an the citizen said we will do it ourselves. winter garden, florida needed a series of electrical upgrades in their private provider when i do it. they said we are not renewing your contract and they turned it into a miniscule utility -- municipal utility. now, they are paying less for their power than they were before. >> some of the discussion we will be showing tonight. join us at 8:00 c-span.

three days of politics, books and american history. a full day of special programs on c-span. here are a few of the features for labor day monday beginning at 10:00 a.m. eastern. a town hall event in seattle discusses the pros and cons of big data and civil liberties. at six 430, a debate on how to reduce poverty between president 6:30.-- at mark cuban and bill clinton and george w. bush on leadership skills. beginning saturday at 10:00 on day in come alive all the nation's capital for the 15th annual national book festival. your opportunity to talk with david mccullough. and others. saturday at noon come a life three-hour conversation on with lynne cheney.

later, at 9:00, catherine eden familiesut how are surviving on no income. monday, authors like erik loomis, and colder and others share their thoughts on social and political issues. on c-span3, saturday evening at 8:00, boise state university professor lisa brady explains how deeply asia and chemical agents -- d foley eight and chemical agents created long-term damage to people and the environment. the 1958 film addressing overcrowded schools following the post-world war ii baby boom. on labor day monday, our

interview with david rubenstein. our complete schedule at www.c-span.org. back in june, a former state department consultant talked about women in afghanistan. charlotte is now the program director for the american committee on foreign relations. priorities,bout the the challenges and the progress of afghan women after the fall of the taliban at the channel city club in santa barbara, california. this is one hour. [applause] ms. ponticelli: i don't think i've ever had such a warm and wonderful introduction. i want to thank my very good friend judy hill, who has been such a support, and an inspiration to me over so many years now, for the great work