state department is probably the better institution to speak to them intelligence. other observations, comments? ok. admiral? >> clearly the ice participates gethose discussions, and we the opportunity to provide a viewpoint and perspective and try to back that up based on the insights and data we generate, which is the expectation for us as intelligence professionals. clearly, we are all frustrated that this is taking us longer than we would like, and i would not want anyone to believe that it is because of a lack of effort or recognition. this is a set of issues that for the milling need to be addressed. >> thank you. i yield back. >> i want to thank the panel today. thank you for being here and willing to testify in public. we have questions that we will

submit for the record. director clapper, there are questions that may be answered in a different setting, and we look forward to receiving those. i want to remind members that toy had 10 legislative days submit questions. before we adjourn, i would like to recognize mr. westmoreland. next to i -- >> thank you, chairman. i want to thank admiral rodgers for your participation in georgia, the cyber symposium that they are putting on an augustine -- in augusta.. is there anility expanding. cash and expanding. it has -- and expanding. it has been stated that there is a need for young talent to get involved in this field. i want to thank the director for coming down to speak -- for sending someone down to speak.

we hoped we would get you, but we're glad to have ms. sullivan. , and realize that what we are doing is trying to get young talent to recognize the importance of our cybersecurity, so thank you very much. >> thank you. >> once again, thank you, gentlemen, and the hearing is now adjourned. announcer: this weekend, politics, books, and american history. on c-span at 8:00, speeches by two republican president candidates. first, scott walker visits president reagan's on water, eureka college. then, louisiana bobby jindal hits the press club. finally, profile interviews with

governor george pataki, talking shaping hissues political career, and then former senator rick santorum talks about his time in congress, is 20 tell -- his 2012 presidential run and why he is running again. tonight at 8:45 p.m., jack ill discusses his book "scarlet letters," and sunday at ," sne.m. on "after words amy klouchbar. tonight on c-span3 at 8:00 p.m., paul christopher anderson.

and sunday afternoon at 2:00 p.m., the landmark u.s. supreme court decision in loving v virginia, ruling that it is unconstitutional to prohibit interracial marriage. they will examine the complexities of the case and how it affected similar legal challenges. get our complete the goal -- our complete schedule at www.c-span.org. announcer: in his weekly address, president obama talks about the new college school card, a tool developed by his a ministration to provide information on institutions of higher learning. representatives michael mccaul of texas has the republican response. he voices his party pots concern over the around deal -- his party's concern over the iran dill. -- deal.

pres. obama: hi, everybody. next week marks seven years since a financial crisis on wall street that would usher in some hard years for working families on main street. soon after that, i took office, and we set out to rebuild our economy on a new foundation for growth and prosperity by investing in things that grow our middle class things like jobs, health care, and education. today our businesses have created more than 13 million new jobs over the last five and a half years. the unemployment rate is the lowest it's been in more than seven years. another 16 million americans have gained health insurance. our high school graduate rate is the highest it's ever been, and more people are graduating from college than ever before. we are coming back -- and stronger. still, in an economy that's increasingly based on knowledge and innovation, some higher education is the surest ticket to the middle class. by the end of this decade, two in three job openings will require some higher education. that's one reason why a degree from a two-year college will earn you $10,000 more each year than someone who only finished high school.

one study showed that a degree from a four-year university earns you $1 million more over the course of a lifetime. the country with the best-educated workforce in the world is going to win the 21st century economy. i want that to be america, but as college costs and student debt keep rising, the choices that americans make when searching for and selecting a college have never been more important. that's why everyone should be able to find clear, reliable, open data on college affordability and value, like whether they're likely to graduate, find good jobs, and pay off their loans. right now, however, many existing college rankings reward schools for spending more money and rejecting more students, at a time when america needs our colleges to focus on affordability and supporting all students who enroll. that doesn't make sense, and it has to change. so, today my administration is launching a new college scorecard, designed with input

from those who will use it the most -- students, families, and counselors. americans will now have access to reliable data on every institution of higher education. you'll be able to see how much each school's graduates earn, how much debt they graduate with, and what percentage of a school's students can pay back their loans, which will help all of us see which schools do the best job of preparing america for success. and to reach more folks, we're working with partners in the academic, non-profit, and private sectors that will help families use this new data to navigate the complicated college process and make informed decisions. the status quo serves some colleges and the companies that rank them just fine. but it doesn't always serve our students well, and that doesn't serve any of us well. there are colleges dedicated to helping students of all backgrounds learn without saddling them with debt. we should hold everybody to that standard. our economic future depends on it.

this work is just beginning. in the coming weeks and months, we'll continue to improve the scorecard based on what we learn from students, parents, counselors, and colleges themselves. the goal is to help everybody who's willing to work for a higher education search for and select a college that fits their goals. together, we can make sure that every student has the chance to get a great education and achieve their full potential. thanks, everybody, and have a great weekend. rep. mccaul: earlier this week, i had the honor of chairing the first-ever congressional hearing at the 9/11 memorial museum at ground zero in new york. the memorial sits on hallowed ground, consecrated by the loss of thousands of innocent americans and by the valor and sacrifice of those who worked to save their lives. in their honor, we vowed to never forget that day, and our memories of the victims and heroes gave our nation the resolve we needed to embark on a generational struggle against

islamist terror. fourteen years after that fateful day, the struggle continues. the ranks of extremists are surging worldwide, and terrorist sanctuaries are proliferating. radical sunni groups, from isis to al qaeda, are spreading like wildfire across the globe, but we cannot forget that the radical shi'a regime in iran remains the world's leading sponsor of terrorism. iran's leaders have called for our defeat and the destruction of our close ally, israel. the regime is responsible for more than 1000 american casualties during the iraq war, they have plotted a terrorist attack here in our nation's capital, and launched destructive cyberattacks against american companies. unfortunately, president obama's policies embolden iran's leaders. instead of countering the regime's terrorist networks, the white house let them spread.

and the president allowed iran to get closer to a nuclear weapon. over the last six years, iran has defied international sanctions, completed an underground nuclear facility, and amassed a large stockpile of enriched uranium. and now the president has struck a deal that he says will keep iran from going nuclear. congress has spent several weeks reviewing this agreement and listening to the american people. it is now clear that this deal will not stop a nuclear iran, but will instead endanger america and our allies for years to come. it will leave iran with the ingredients for a bomb and the infrastructure to build it. rather than stopping nuclear proliferation, this puts the middle east at the starting line of a nuclear arms race, and it will give iran a cash windfall, freeing up over $100 billion to fuel the regime's global

campaign of islamist terror. incredibly, the agreement also fails to curb iran's intercontinental ballistic missiles, which the ayatollah says, in his own words, they will now "mass produce." these weapons are designed to hit our country and to attack our allies. ronald reagan's famous negotiating advice was to trust, but verify. but under this agreement, president obama is saying trust iran to verify. it relies on secret side deals that the american people's representatives were not allowed to see. inspections will no longer happen anytime, anywhere. instead, iran can delay and will reportedly self-inspect its own nuclear sites. iranian officials have also declared military locations off-limits. let us be clear-eyed about the deal.

this was not a negotiation with an honest government. it was a negotiation with terrorists who chant "death to america" and stand against freedom and democracy. for the last decade, congress has passed bipartisan sanctions to keep iran from going nuclear. sadly, this agreement does not achieve that goal. it puts iran on a glide-path to a nuclear weapon and turns those hard-won sanctions into wasted effort. but my colleagues who understand the threat from iran, including democrats and republicans, will continue to stand against this agreement, for the sake of our nation's security and in defense of the free world. here on c-span, "the communicators" is next. our guest is gary epstein, who

chairs the fcc's incentive auction task force. then, the british labour party hears from their elected leader, jeremy carbon. .- corbyn later, the state of the european union address. .nnouncer: c-span created by america's cable companies 35 years ago and brought to you as a public service by your local satellite provider. >> right now on "the communicators," we want to introduce you to gary epstein. mr. epstein: i am happy to be here. i am the head of the task force which is responsible for implementing the incentive auction which is a first time ever auction at the fcc for spectrum.

peter: for the broadcasters? two-citedn: it is a auk -- two-sided auction. spectrum frome broadcasters in a reverse auction then repackage it and make it available to carriers. fcc has set march 2016 as the date for the incentive auction. and how long hold have you been working on it? commences march 29, 2016. we intend to commit to that all the commissioners and stakeholders are committed. backi have -- i have been

at the commission since april of 2012, but i think i have been working on it for 44 years in some sense. in thebut this has been works since 2012? mr. epstein: correct. congress passed a statute and we have been working ever since 2012 to put it into effect. question. final fcc voted on rules for the incentive auction. what are the rules? they have to do with the detailed rules for ethnic and the auction. about one year ago, the commission adopted something called the incentive auction report and order. procedures public notice and a ghost the next level about how to set opening bid prices, what spectrum levels

we will seek to acquire, who is and a series of detailed rules to make it happen . --herine a gash is joint nagesh is joining us. feelagesh: why do you guys broadcasters are the right place to go for spectrum and how much are you hoping to get? it is aein: congressional spectrum act. we are not taking spectrum from broadcasters, it is a voluntary auction. broadcasting continues to be a valuable service.

t, oncasters passed this ac a one term only basis, broadcasters can release their spectrum rights in return for something else. declaration and broadband implementation. the need for broadband is burgeoning exponentially. there is not a lot of low band spectrum left and this is a new method congress has put in place and the fcc is to lament. peter: can you explain why it is desirable for wireless -- mr. nagesh: can you explain why it is desirable for wireless? mr. epstein: low band spectrum has properly -- propagation characteristics, the physics,

which allowed to go through buildings better than high band. covered spectrum as opposed to capacity spectrum. low bandhe last spectrum which will be available from the fcc for the foreseeable future. mr. nagesh: so this will allow wireless carriers to cover larger areas? mr. epstein: and penetration through buildings. all kinds of spectrum are valuable. aws3 spectrum. that was capacity and this is coverage. ther: going back to that, price of that spectrum was more than double than what you expected? mr. epstein: expectation of the analysts was in the $20 billion range on the high-end.

received byion was the fcc with respect to this spectrum. it turns out it was pretty valuable and that looks like a good sign for the low band auction coming up. broadcasterif the does not want to sell their spectrum? mr. epstein: they are completely free to take a number of auctions. all.cannot participate at if they choose not to participate will protect the broadcaster, and they will keep broadcasting in their home been. the broadcaster can release all of their spectrum. there are two other options. they can decide to channel share with another broadcaster to participate in the action, or they can go from uhf vhf.

put the uhf in the auction and receive vhf in return. a broadcaster does not have to participate at all. fear fromthere a local communities that they will be losing local broadcast coverage? mr. epstein: some issues have been raged -- raised. i think the commission has taken good steps in certain areas, public broadcasting and other important services. with channel sharing and theu to v options migration of video services to public will, the not lose service overall. releasedh: the fcc has

preliminary estimates for what they think stations could get for spectrum. we see in major markets that these projections are very high, in the hundreds of millions of dollars. do you think that will hold true at the auction itself? what are the implications? many stations seem more malleable for airwaves than growing businesses. mr. epstein: those numbers are in a report that we call the greenhill report where we commissioned an investment banking firm to treat what we are doing as a business opportunity. at thatot that great so we needed outside help. opening dide is numbers. they are the numbers that we will put on the table for opening bids for broadcasters.

in the order that the fcc adopted in august, we set the final formula. it is very close to what the estimates were. so i think that those are the prices broadcasters receive for opening bids. let me make another point. the opening bid prices will be made public. 60 days or more before the close of the window. toa broadcaster wants anticipate, it has to file application and say that i commit to that opening bid. and, the application by law is anonymous. we will start the reverse auction, it starts high and moves down through competition. if the number drops one dollar or $1 million, the broadcaster

has the right to say i am out, i want to go back to my old band and continue broadcasting in my old band as if i were never in the auction. that is why the chairman has said this is a no lose proposition. we will publish the opening bids. the broadcaster will then decide to participate. it may get the opening bid price, but we suspect there will be competition. theng that process, broadcaster can say, i am out and i want to go to my home band. participation will be kept anonymous. fcc is setting the opening bids? mr. epstein: it is a reserve price, like any auction. the fcc adopted a formula in august which has two components.

one is the amount of interference that the station causes. it is relevant to the value of the station in the auction. the second component is what is called interference-free population. how many people does that cover? none of this has to do with the fair market value of the station. we are seeking spectrum. the opening bid prices are based on spectrum. peter: you said that it is an anonymous bid? to whom? mr. epstein: to the outside world. if you choose to say i am participating, that is fine. but when you file your application with the fcc, we will not disclose that you are participating in the auction. mr. nagesh: as you mentioned, the value of the spectrum has

perhaps underestimated by analysts and people in the markets. the recent mid-band spectrum $45ugh $45 million -- drew billion. drove the factor that bidding higher, the fact that two companies affiliated with dish network were bidding multiple times on the spectrum? i know this is not part of the fccntive option, but the moved in august to remove the discounts those smaller companies got. can you explain some of the thinking behind that, and will that affect the dynamic in the incentive auction? mr. epstein: there are a couple related questions that you have their. the fcc adopted new rules on participation. -- it wasd was

concerned how the rules were being used and whether they truly benefited small business. it put caps on and tightened the rules. that will apply to the incentive auction. are special rules for bidding credits. there is something called the market based reserve and i think the new rules will affect bidding to that extent. the other thing that you are recently thehat commissioner determined that certain participants were not eligible for bidding credits. that will be part of the analysis in the incentive auction. mr. nagesh: the broader question reallocatepose is to spectrum to the wireless industry, but who constitutes

the wireless industry? dish network holds quite a bit of spectrum, but they are not in the wireless business. they are satellite-tv company for the most part. we have seen there are four major national wireless carriers, and some smaller wireless players. there was a lot of debate over .hether spectrum set aside can you explain why the commission land where did -- landed where it did? mr. epstein: note what i said before, that this is low band spectrum. certain carriers have the great majority of low band spectrum over the years. the commission set up something which was fairly unique here called market-based reserve. it will set aside each

geographic market for carriers which are eligible to bid. eligibility isr in that market holding one third or less of the one gigahertz spectrum. it is about 45 megahertz worth of spectrum. there is a market-based reserve done for the first time. it springs into existence at the ders meet ahe bid reserve price which has been set by the commission and paid their share of the cost. it is innovative and new. designedething that is for those wireless providers who do not have low band spectrum. it does not mean the established carriers will not have spectrum to bid on. we would expect and welcome participation in the auction.

spectrum beshould available to companies not in the wireless industry? that highpeculation prices and appreciation are causing speculators to get into the market. we are not creating more airwaves and the value is only likely to increase. mr. epstein: there are two sides. one side is the reverse side. are there people who have bought broadcast stations with the intent of selling them in the auction? i think the answer is yes, and am not sure there is anything wrong with that. have to make the choice about whether or not they want to participate. some entrepreneurs have bought stations and may well participate. and i think we have tried to make opportunities for more competition, but there are buildout requirements on the

forward auction sign. , and we don'tely see entrepreneurs or more speculators involved. anybody is eligible to bid. there is not a requirement that you previously have been in the wireless industry and we encourage new participants. the only limitation is the market based reserve. peter: you talked about bidding credits. what is at me? mr. epstein: it is an established process that the fcc has that has been used for decades. entities that are eligible for bidding credits get the bid at a normal rate but get a discount when they have to pay. ibidding credit of 15% -- if bid $100 and some of the else pay$90, i actually only $85. how do you qualify for

the bidding credits? are you a smaller company? mr. epstein: that's right. in the decision that gautham was just talking about, the commission established a rule about who is eligible for bidding credits. ittightened up the rule and is primarily small businesses who meet certain characteristics. there is a new 15% bidding world telephone providers. so it is those entities that the commission determined should be eligible. peter: when it came to setting the rules, it was a partisan vote by the commission. what are the concerns expressed by the republican commissioners? mr. epstein: well, we have had a whole series of decisions. some have been 3-2, some have been 5-0. , but thereer, 5-0

are policy differences among commissioners. one of them has to do with market-based reserve. i think that is one of the key ones. two of the dissenting commissioners are not in agreement with the policy set by the majority of the reserve, how it operates and how large it is. there are other policy issues about pricing for the broadcasters. if i had to pick one, the biggest division has to do with the reserve. mr. nagesh: we hear the possibility of them exploring a commission of their own and selling spectrum directly to the wireless carriers. how would the fcc in general react to something like that and would it be allowed? mr. epstein: i think there are practical and legal issues. there is no fundamental objection and this has been tried over the years a number of

times. when igest problem is, described what the auction was, i said that it had three parts. one is the reverse auction where we buy spectrum from the broadcasters, and the other is where we reorganize and pack it into a small tv band. broad-spectrumat and sell it to the wireless providers. groups do notor have the fundamental ability to organize the spectrum. we got that from the 2012 congressional act. which has been set aside to reimburse broadcasters. i think it is the difficulty of putting those pieces together which would make the individual stations much more difficult to do. this is a one-time authority that we have from congress. peter: are the cable providers

worried about this auction? mr. epstein: i don't know. [laughter] i think that they would be welcome to participate and buy spectrum. they have bought spectrum in the past. competition is good. bypetition on the video side the wireless providers and the cable companies and the broadcasters are positive things. if thisary epstein, auction goes through, is there an end date, and how soon would it be online? mr. epstein: the end date is a function of the bidding. mostwould be longer than traditional auctions. you have to run a reverse auction and a forward auction. i won't get down to the real details of it, but if we can 't close because we do not get

enough money to pay the broadcasters, we have to run a second round. i'm talking about a matter of months. not one or two, but several. then there is the transition period, which is 39 months. for the broadcasters to actually be relocated and moved. established transition. -- established transition period. peter: why 39 months? mr. epstein: congress said you need three months for applications, and congress's authority to give out money stopped after 36 more. that is one of the reasons and a big one. our reimbursement authority. the reimbursement funds come out of the forward auction. it ends 36 months after we begin

paying it out. peter: the markets have been a bit spooked, especially concerning verizon and at&t. because spectrum is so expensive and it costs so much to build up a wireless network, there is concern that the amount of debt that will have to be carried is going to saddle them going forward. we have seen an example of this, is this a concern for the fcc? that the cost in all these auctions is becoming prohibitive and may prevent carriers from upgrading their network for the future? mr. epstein: i think the companies that are involved are financially solvent and able to borrow money and we have heard the make commitments to going forward in the auction. it is more their issue than our issue. we would love their

participation, but verizon has announced it is selling certain assets. at&t has reaffirmed its commitment. t-mobile has talked about participating and i think we are comfortable that we have the financial capacity to go forward. mr. nagesh: is there enough spectrum for foreign international carriers? are we reaching the point where that is not possible given the demand? mr. epstein: there are two phenomena, one is more spectrum. we are doing our best to make it more available. this being the example. there are other technologies and more efficient use of the spectrum. theve confidence in innovation of the carriers. it would be great to get more spectrum out there. that has been an imperative of the obama administration and all the commissioners. democrats and republicans alike are anxious for this to go forward.

peter: if and when all of this spectrum gets online, are consumer costs going to remain the same? with a go down or up? -- will they go down or up? mr. epstein: i think it is the competition. things like the market-based reserve and competition itself. you can see it working now. you can see prices dropping and that is a phenomena we would really like to see looking forward. it is one of our goals. to get the spectrum out. to do it in a pro-competitive manner. do you have any estimates that you can share for how much spectrum you expect to share and how much revenue you expect to have available to compensate the broadcasters? mr. epstein: so far, for three years i have ducked that question, but i will try.

from a spectrum availability standpoint -- the thing i said at the beginning is, we don't know which broadcasters will show up and which markets. that is what makes this unique versus almost any other option anywhere in the spectrum area. we have seen people coming in with estimates -- our band plans range from 40 megahertz to 180 megahertz or more. those are both too low and too high. i think somewhere in the middle, people have talked about 126 megahertz or 84 megahertz. proceeds, that is just a function of demand and what is on the wireless side. i do know that a couple months ago, cbo came out with an estimate that said there could be up to $40 billion net after this auction.

that is an estimate and the fcc has never given or made estimates. peter: when you talk broadcasters, you don't just me national channels but you mean local? mr. epstein: i am talking the 2000 wrought testers in this country, ranging from the -- 2000 broadcasters in this country, ranging from the largest to the smallest. i don't know the exact number of stations in the market. some may feel that this is a great opportunity to monetize investment. maybe they are not making money, and they are the fourth or fifth in the market. is ae chairman says, this one-time only opportunity to participate in this groundbreaking reverse auction. cash --otham the gautham nagesh, time for one more question. mr. nagesh: no matter how much you guys get, it will probably

not be enough in the long-term. next?do you go mr. epstein: excellent question. what are the key things is spectrum sharing. we had a large interest to take spectrum and make it available in the commercial sector which does not jeopardize national defense or national security use. peter: you say that you have that initiative, has it been intimated? mr. epstein: it has. auction, there is a great example of that. peter: gary epstein, you have been working on this issue for 44 years. what do you mean by that? mr. epstein: i have been in this business either as a lawyer or an government since 1971. peter: how did you get into it? mr. epstein: i have an engineering undergraduate and a

degree from harvard law school. i wanted put them together and i thought that communications law would be a good opportunity. peter: we have gary epstein on the program and gautham nagesh from "the wall street journal." we appreciate your participation and hope you come back before march 29, 2016 for an update. mr. epstein: i would like to. thank you. [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2014] [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. visit ncicap.org] >> c-span, created by america's cable companies 35 years ago and brought to you by your local cable or satellite provider. nazi, he was a concentration camp commandant,

and he was responsible for the murder of thousands of jews. >> this sunday night on "q&a," jennifer teege on her life altering discovery that her grandfather was the nazi concentration commandant. >> he was a tremendously cruel person. -- he was capable, he had two dogs, and he called them ralph and rowlph. he trained them to tear humans apart. he was a person -- there was a when he that he felt killed people. this is something, when you are normal, if you do not have this aspect in your personality, it is difficult to grasp. c-span's night on

"q&a." members ofp next, the british labour party hear from jeremy corban. then jean-claude juncker talks about the syrian refugee crisis and later, road to the white house coverage of scott walker and gentle. -- bobby jindal. itsbritish labor party held elections today. jeremy corbyn was elected leader with 60% of the vote. following the election he spoke to the party headquarters in london. [applause] now, my great honor to invite jeremy corbyn, leader of the labour party.

applause]d [audience chanting] i will start by thanking everyone who took part in this election. this huge democratic exercise of more than 500,000 people all across this country.

it showed our party and movement passionate, united and determined for a better society possible for all. [applause] people that i want to thank before i say a few words. mcnichols,l, to ian the general secretary of the party and all of the party staff, for their incredible hard work during this campaign, the general election campaign -- [applause] and all the other campaigns that we do and will continue to do. ian, thank you very much and make sure that all of our staff are aware of the appreciation we have for all of them. want also to pay huge thanks

and tribute to harriet harman, who has been our acting leader. [applause] i have known harriet for a long time, and what i would say of commitment absolute and passion for decency, a quality and the rights of women in our society is something that we will honor her for, thank her for, and we have legislation brought about by her determination. harriet, thank you for all that you have done. [applause] which you have led the party since the tragedy of the election results in may. i want also to thank and congratulate tom watson on his

election as deputy leader of the party. [applause] passionate about communication, passionate about holding the state and unaccountable people who do not wish to be accountable to account. tom is your man to do that. [applause] milibandso to thank ed for all the work he did as leader of our party. [applause] i had a very long conversation ith ed a couple days ago, thanked him for his work as leader of the party. i thanked him for his work as environment secretary and somebody who is passionate about defending the world's environment against the way it is being destroyed at the present time. the wayhanked him for

in which he stood up to the abuse that he received by much of our media. [applause] and the dignity that he showed when his late father, ralph miliband, was so brutally abused by some of our media. [applause] ed, thank you for all of that. i want to thank the fellow leadership candidates. we are discussing the number, weather 20 9 am a 35 or 39 -- 39, since we5 or have been together. but it is a fascinating experience for all of us. i want to thank them for all of the way the debates were constructed, the way that we could put aside political

differences and still come out of it with a group hug. we will reform with -- as an abba tribute band and put this work together in the future. andy burnham was our health secretary, and his passion and determination for the national health service and human rights is something that comes over every time andy speaks. [applause] his passion for comprehensive education to ensure that all children have a reasonable, fair and decent start in life. i want to say thank you to yvette cooper for all the work she has done in government and the party. past fewular, over the weeks, helping to shape and turn to showblic opinion sympathy and humanity toward

refugees and a way that they are treated. [applause] one of my first acts as leader of the party, will be to go to the demonstrations this afternoon to show support for the way refugees must be treated and should be treated in this country. i want to thank miss kendall for her friendship during this campaign, for the way we have been able to have some moderately different opinions on issues, but have managed to maintain a good friendship.

liz is somebody that i admire, because she absolutely stands up for what she believes in, whether it is easy, simple, popular or uneasy, simple or not popular. liz, thank you very much. [applause] those late-night train rides will never be the same again. thank you to my fellow candidates, and the thousands of party members that attended the events all over the country. it is quite amazing that every one of them was completely full, standing room only. many other members and supporters were unable to get along to them. that is a tribute to the party, all the candidates, the deputy leader, and the way and watch --

in which members watch passionately and want to be able to engage in debates and make the party more inclusive, more democratic, and the membership better listened to in the future. [applause] thank my own campaign team. they have been absolutely amazing. we came together after we had gone onto the ballot paper with difficulty. i want to say thank you to the 36 members apartment -- while 35 plus me, i nominated myself. i know that some of them had some reluctance to do so. it is reported. [laughter] but they did so in the spirit of inclusion and democracy, and i thank them for that, and i look forward to working with all of them after this election. we have great work to do in the party.

campaign began with very little, and we gained support and volunteers. i think the unions that nominated me, unite, unison, the tsfa, the communication workers union, the prison officers association, the baker's union, the duchess education association, and the support received from the rmt union and the fdu. and all of the other unions that took part in this campaign. we are a party organically linked together between the unions and party membership and all affiliated organization. that is where we get our strength from. [applause] as a former union organizer, i

fully understand the importance of unions at the workplace defending people's writes, -- rights, standing up for their members. that is why i do not appreciate what this government is trying to do the shackle unions and the trade unions bill they are bringing forward monday. [applause] campaign attracted the support of 16,000 volunteers all over the country. organizers in each part of the country that organized all the events and meetings that we have held. in total, we have done 99 of those events today. we are here at the end of this long campaign. theas been incredible,

numbers of people that have come forward to join our party. before i go to that, i want to say a big thank you. to my many personal friends. everyone in the north labour party for electing me to parliament eight times through may this year, their fantastic comradeship, friendship and support. i absolutely do you their advice. sometimes it is advice you don't want to receive, but that is the best that you get. i say thank you to all of them in inns inc. in north -- insington north. they have been through the most appalling levels of abuse from some in the media over the past months. it has been intrusive, abusive and simply wrong. i say to journalists, attack public, political figures.

make criticism of them. that is ok, that is politics. but please, don't attack people who did not ask to be put in the limelight and merely want to get on with their lives. leave them alone in all circumstances. during this amazing three months, our party has changed. we have grown enormous sleep of the hopes of some of the people, for a different and more -- we in theown enormously hopes of some of the people for a different spirit of hope and optimism. i say to the new members of the party, or those who have joined as registered supporters or affiliated supporters, welcome

to our party. welcome to our movement. say to those returning to the party, who were in it before and felt disillusioned, welcome back. welcome back to your party and welcome home. us simply many of didn't understand the views of many young people within our society. they had been written off as a non-political generation, who were simply uninterested. hence the low turnout and low registration in the last general election. they weren't. they were a political generation turned off by the way in which politics was being conducted. they were not attracted to participate in it. we can and must change that.

in our party now gathers speed and pace. i'm delighted that our leader in scotland is here today. we will be campaigning for labour in scotland. [applause] for those great labour traditions in scotland. jones for his leadership, and the weight -- way they continue the fight in wales. and how they have addressed the health market in wales, something we wish to do in the rest of britain. marvinongratulations to reese for being selected as our mayoral candidate in bristol. we will be there supporting you. and to my friend who has been

elected as the may oral candidate -- mayoral candidate for london. we will be campaigning together on the crucial issue of housing in london. i am fed up with the social cleansing of london by the tory government. [applause] a labour mayor in london who can ensure that we house everyone in london, that we end the skyhigh rent. that we end the insecurity of those living in the private sector. we need a labour mayor who can bring that about, and he is the man to do it.

this week, the tories will show what they are made of. they have the tools to undermine the ilo conventions and shackle democratic unions and destroy another element of our society. they're pushing for the welfare reform bill which will bring such misery and poverty to so many of the poorest in our society. i want the movement to be proud, strong and able to stand up and say, we want to live in a society where we do not pass by on the other side of those rejected by an unfair welfare system. instead we reach out to and -- end the scourge of homelessness in our society. that is what we are about. [applause] people who face

desperation in other parts of the world. i think it is quite incredible the way that the mood in europe has changed over the past few weeks, of understanding that people fleeing from wars are the victims of wars. they are the generational victims and the intergenerational victims who and up in terrible put -- end up in terrible places trying to find safety and exercise their refugee rights. they are human beings just like you and me. lets deal with the refugee crisis, with humanity, support, help and compassion to help people trying to get to a place of safety. trying to help people stuck in tougee cap's -- camps, recognize that going to war creates a legacy of bitterness and problems.

let's be a force for change, humanity, peace in the world. weorce that recognizes cannot go on like this with grotesque levels of inequality, grotesque threats to the environment around the world, without the rich and powerful government stepping up to the plate to make sure our world becomes safer and better. so those people do not and up in poverty and refugee camps wasting their lives away when they could be contribute inc. so much to the good of all of us on the planet -- contributing so much to the good of all of us on the planet. [applause] this, the tories have used the economic crisis of 2008 to impose a terrible burden on the poorest in the country. those who have seen their wages

frozen or cut. those who cannot afford to sustain themselves properly. those who rely on food banks to get by. it is not right, it is not necessary and it has got to change. we need an economic strategy that improves lives, expands the economy and reaches out to care for everybody. you cannot do that if at the same time you do nothing about grotesque levels of inequality in our society. economico develop an policy that deals with those issues. so the party is about justice and democracy, it is about the great traditions that we walk on. those that founded the party and the movement. injusticestood up for , for the right for women and others to vote. we stand here today because of their work. we go forward as a movement and a party, bigger than we have been for a long time.

stronger than we have ever been for a long time. more determined than we have been for a long time, to show to everyone that the objectives of our party is intact. our passion is intact. that we as a party will reach out to everyone in this country to take us on that journey together, so that no one is left on the side. that everyone has a decent chance in life, and a decent place within our society. that is what labour was brought about to achieve. here, aboutwe see shaping the future. our party will become more inclusive, more involved, more democratic. theill shake -- shape future of everyone in this party in a way that will be remembered as something good for everyone, that brings about the justice we all crave. that is what brought us into this wonderful party ourselves.

i say thank you to everyone for their support, friendship and comradeship through this process. i say thank you in advance to us all working together to achieve great victories, not just elect victories,ectoral but in society to show things can be equal, things can and will change. thank you very much. [applause]

[indistinct crowd chatter]

>> on tomorrow's "newsmakers," our guest is congressman jim jordan of ohio. he talks about several issues before congress including the investigation into benghazi,

government funding efforts and the debate over planned parenthood. videoordan: we have on where this organization was engaged in the most repulsive activity you can think about, and what may the criminal activity. they should not get another your of tax dollars and tax dollars or the families i represent in ohio. if we make that argument that clear, we will take the money going to this organization, engage in what we know they are doing. wrong activity, criminal activity, we will take that money and put it here with the same level of funding and if the president and harry reid think we cannot pass that, we insist on this organization getting your tax dollars, if they say that is more important than funding our troops and veterans and women's health issues, they will have to defend that position with the american

people. i think that is such a common sense logical position. we have to make it in a compelling and repetitive way over and over again so the american people clearly understand what is at stake. entirecan see that the interview tomorrow at 10:00 a.m. and six clock p.m. et on c-span. -- 6:00 p.m. et on c-span. herbert hoover came to the white house with trained geologists. just months into his term, the financial market crashed. first lady lou hoover used her office for charity, but as it deepened, there one term ended amidst frustration. c-span's series "first ladies: influence and image."

examining the public and private lives of the women who served as first lady from martha washington to michelle obama. >> european commission president jean-claude juncker gave his first european state of the union in strasburg, france this week. on thearks focused refugee crisis. history marks or 30 minutes. juncker: today, in spite of many differences among the member states, it is by far the wealthiest place and most stable continent in the world. those who are criticizing europe, european construction, european union, have to admit that this is the place of peace and stability and we should be

-- [applause] have the means to help those fleeing from more, terror -- from war, terror, oppression. many more to say this is all very it is true that you cannot go house all of -- the missouri of the world. -- misery of the world. it is true that there are an unprecedented number of refugees, however it is .11% of the total european union population.

11, by comparison. of thes represent 25% population in a country that has wealth we enjoy in the european union. who are we to see another making these kinds of comparisons? who are we? [applause] mr. juncker: let us be clear and honest with our citizens. syriag as there is war in and terror in libya, the refugee crisis will not simply go away. we can build roads, we can build imagine for a second if it were you, your child in your world toward

apart around you. there is no price you would not pay. there is no wall you would not climate. -- climb. no border you would not cross. war with the islamic state you are fleeing. are we not ready to help those who are fleeing the islamic state? we have to accept these people on the european charter. [applause] mr. juncker: it is high time to act to manage the refugee crisis. because there is no alternative to this.

there has been a lot of . enoughointing, fingerpainting but enough enoughpointing -- not fingerpainting but enough finger-pointing in the last few weeks. states have accused each other of not doing enough. and fingers have been pointed towards brussels. member states are not doing their jobs. the european parliament is accused of not doing the job. [applause] we could all be, the majority of this house and myself and the commission, we could be angry about this. but i wonder who that would serve? being angry does not help

anyone. blaming others does not help the refugees and migrants. and often it is just a sign that politicians and policymakers and sometimes lawmakers are overwhelmed by unexpected events. recall, we should rather an agreement that can help in the current situation. it is time to look at what is on the table and to move swiftly forward. we are not starting a new. -- anew. in the early years, the hasission, not mine, persistently tabled legislation to build a common european asylum system.

the councilnt and have an active this legislation, these by piece, and the last piece of legislation entered -- legislation,this these by piece, and the last piece of legislation entered two months ago. standards formmon the way we receive a silent seeker's. m speakers.-- asylu we respect the dignity. we have common criteria that are used to determine if someone is entitled to international protection. the standards need to be andemented entirely respected everywhere in european practice. this is clearly not the case.

before the summer, not after the summer but before the summer, the commission started the first infringement proceedings, which they had previously agreed to do. we are legislating and we are not implementing. member states are implementing and respecting commonly agreements under european laws. [applause] mr. juncker: a second series of infringement proceedings will follow in the days to come. common asylum standards are important, but they are not enough for the current crisis. the commission, the parliament, spring,cil said in the

that we need a comprehensive european agenda on migration. we propose this as a commission in may. and it would be unfair to say that nothing has happened since then. athave tripled our presence sea. 122,000 lives have been saved since then. lost is one too many. it is one too many. but many more have been rescued that would have been lost otherwise. an increase of 250%. we should be proud of that difference. [applause] 29 members are participating in joint

operations in italy. officers from -- desk officers, helicopters, fixed reading aircraft -- fixed wing aircraft, and transports. this is the first measure of european solidarity and action. more will have to be done. we will redouble our efforts to tackle smugglers and to dismantle human traffickers. ships are now harder to come by, leading to less people putting their lives in peril in antiquated boats. result, the numbers have stabilized with 150,000 arriving

in the month, the same as last year. we now need to achieve a similar stabilization on the border of the woods which has clearly been neglected by all parties. union is also the number one donor in the global efforts to alleviate the syrian refugee crisis. euros have been mobilized by the european commission. that means by you, too. in member states, humanitarian, development, economic, and stabilization assistance, to the refugees and jordan andities, turkey and egypt. today we launched to provide fors

240,000 refugees in turkey. way, i would like to jordan the efforts of and turkey. [applause] mr. juncker: these countries, they are making efforts. we should applaud, too, perhaps recognize, in moral and financial terms. we have collectively committed to resettling over 22,000 people from outside of europe over the next year. showing solidarity with our neighbors. course, this remains very modest. modest compared to the

herculean efforts undertaken by turkey, jordan, lebanon who are hosting more than 4 million syrian refugees. some member states are showing that they are willing to significantly step up the european resettlement efforts. this will allow us very soon to come forward with a structured system to pool european resettlement efforts more systematically. it has to be done. europe has clearly under solidarity with regard who havefugees grown up in our territories. to me, it is unclear that the member states were most refugees first arrive -- where refugees first arrive, italy, turkey, and , cannot be left alone to

cope with this anonymous challenge. [applause] -- enormous challenge. [applause] mr. juncker: this is why the commission already proposed an emergency mechanism in may. not now, back in may. initially, 40,000 people seeking international protection from italy and greece. and this is why today we are proposing a second emergency additional 120 thousand people from italy, greece, and turkey. 120,000 to be done -- people from italy, greece, and turkey. this has to be done. [applause] i call on member proposalsaddress the .ltogether, 160,000 refugees

we are not talking about 40,000. we are talking about 120,000, that is the number that europeans have to take in charge -- 100 60,000, that is the number europeans have to take in charge. i really hope that this time everybody will be on board. no rhetoric. action is what is needed for the time being. [applause] mr. juncker: what is happening to human beings? we are talking about human beings. we are not talking about numbers. human beings coming from syria and libya. today, it could easily be the case in ukraine tomorrow.

are we making selections? are we distinguishing between christians, jews, muslims? this continent has made the best appearance to distinguish on the basis of religious criteria. there is no religion or belief or philosophy when it comes to refugees and those who are fleeing. [applause] mr. juncker: ladies and gentlemen, winter is approaching. want to have families sleeping in railway stations in budapest and elsewhere? during the cold night? coats?

winter in charge of the per period for those who have fled countries for the reasons i mentioned. it is true that we also need settlement for those in clear need of international protection and therefore very likely to apply for asylum successfully. and those leaving the country for other reasons that do not fall under asylum. commission today the is proposing a common e.u. list of safe countries of origin. this list will enable member states to fast-track asylum procedures through a national safe.ss presumed

the presumption of safety must, in our view, certainly apply to and meet thes, basic criteria for eu members. democracy, the rule of law and fundamental rights. theyould also apply -- should also apply to other candidate countries on the western borders in view of the progress made. i am of course aware that the list of safe countries is only a procedural, a procedural simplification. you cannot take away, -- it cannot take away the fundamental right for asylum seekers coming the formera, bosnia,

yugoslav republic of macedonia, montenegro, serbia, and turkey. it allows national authorities to focus on those refugees that are much more likely to be granted asylum, notably those from syria. and this falls in the area very much needed in the common situation. a list of countries is not taking away rights from those people coming from the countries being listed. that is important. it is important. we are not circumventing the geneva convention. they have rights. [applause] mr. juncker: and the countries being on the list of safe ave to know that if they are taken off of this list,

because fundamental rights are not being insured in these y are losing their chance to join the european union. these two things are going together. [applause] it is time we prepare more fundamental change in the way we deal with asylum applications. the insistence that asylum applications be dealt with by the first country of entry. we need more europe in our asylum policy. we need more union in our refugee policy. requiresfugee policy solidarity to be permanently anchored in our policy approach and our rules.

this is why today, the commission is also proposing a ,ermanent relocation mechanism the present relocation mechanism which will allow us to deal with crisis situations more swiftly in the future. more swiftly in the future, that means more swiftly than in the past. a common refugee and asylum policy requires further asylum policies after status is granted. member states need to take a second look at support, integration, and inclusion policies. the commission is ready to look into how youth funds can support these efforts. and i am strongly in favor, strongly in favor of allowing asylum seekers to work and to earn their own money once the

applications are being processed. [applause] mr. juncker: labor, work, being in a job, is a matter of dignity. are findingorking back to the dignity they had before leaving. to change everything national legislation in order to allow refugees, migrants, to work from day one of arrival in europe. the united refugee and asylum efforts to requires secure our eastern borders. fortunately, in the european union, we have given up border controls between member states in the area to guarantee free movement of people. of europeanymbol

integration and the system will not be opposed under the mandate of this commission. [applause] mr. juncker: but the other side of the coin is that we must work together more fluidly to manage the external border. this is what our citizens expect. the commission said it back in may and i said it during the election campaign. together with -- no, no, no. missnot pointing ouat keller. twipras.inking of mr. -- tsipras.

i am not confusing the two. significant. bitte? [french] [laughter] mr. juncker: we need to strengthen significantly and develop it into a fully operational european border and coast guard system. that is certainly feasible. but it will cost money. the commission believes this is money worth investing. this is why we are proposing steps forward to a european border and coast guard before the end of this year. european --ed totally united european migration policy means we need to look into opening legal channels for migration. [applause]

mr. juncker: but let us be clear. this will not help in addressing the refugee crisis we are currently in. but more safe, controlled ports opened her europe, we can manage migration better and make the work of human traffickers less attractive. are a not forget we continent with demographic design. we will be needing talents coming from everywhere in the world. musttime, migrations change from a problem to be tackled to a well-managed resource. to this end, the commission will come forward with a well-designed legal migration ackage in early 2016.

this is highly important. migration has to be legalized. it is not sufficient to protest against illegal immigration. we have to organize legal ways through europe. [applause] mr. juncker: a lasting solution will only come if we address the root causes, the reasons why we are facing this important refugee crisis. our european policy must be more assertive. we can no longer afford to be regards to law and instability in our neighbor hood.

we have to find a solution. to the libyan problem. in a more address solution-oriented way the syrian crisis. the european diplomatic european diplomatic offensive to address the crisis in syria and libya. we need a stronger europe when it comes to foreign policy. derica,ry glad that fre our highly determined she is outive, because she is highly determined, has prepared the grounds for such an initiative with diplomatic success. [applause]

mr. juncker: she has prepared to go on for such an initiative with a diplomatic success in the iran nuclear talks and i would rica to congratulate frede for the extraordinary performance. [applause] in order to k of ourte the wor theesentative, frederica, commission today is proposing to establish an emergency trust fund, starting with 1.8 billion euros, from common financial means, to address the crisis in the south and the whole of africa and the north of africa. we want to help create lasting by creating employment

opportunities in local communities and thereby address the root causes of illegalization, and migration. i expect all member states to pitch in and- match our ambitions. toneed this emergency fund prevent future crisises. [applause] mr. juncker: and we need higher development budgets. i do not like the expression, development corporation budgets. it is abnormal that member states of the european union are reducing the budgetary efforts when it comes to development. they have to be increased. [applause] mr. juncker: i do not want, mr.

president, to create any illusions that the refugee crisis will be over anytime soon. it will not. and we have to know that. but pushing back boats from piers, setting fire to refugee eye toor turning a blind hopeless people, that is not europe. lpless people, that is not europe. [applause] ♪ >> all persons having business before the honorable supreme court of the united states are admonished to go in and give their attention. number 759. petitioner versus arizona. >> number 18. madison isand probably the most famous case this court ever decided. existed as enslaved

people here on land, where slavery was not legally recognized.putting it into effect would take >>presidential orders -- printed into effect would take presidential orders, marshall, and the courage of children. >> we wanted to pick cases that changed society. ♪ that theytold them would have to have a search warrant. this man demanded to see the paper to read and she wanted what? she they refused to do so grabbed it out of his hands to read it and thereafter the police officer handcuffed her. >> i cannot imagine a better way to bring the constitution to life than to tell the human

stories behind great supreme court cases. lawsuit boldly opposed the forest internment of japanese americans during world war ii. after being convicted for failing to report for relocation, he took his case all the way to the supreme court. quite often, in many of the most famous decisions, they were once that the court took that were quite unpopular. if you had to pick one freedom that was the most essential to the functioning of a democracy, it has to be freedom of speech. there are few cases that illustrate very dramatically and visually what it means to live in a society of 310 million different people who helped stick together because they believe in a rule of law. landmark cases.

an exploration of 12 historic supreme court decisions and the human stories behind them. producedies on c-span, in cooperation with the national constitution center, debuting monday, october 5, at 9:00 p.m. >> next, republican presidential candidate bobby jindal's remarks about donald trump. after that, the latest from the 2016 presidential campaign. then remarks by british labour party leader elect jeremy corb yn. republican presidential candidate governor bobby jindal of louisiana spoke at the national press club thursday. the use of the platform to launch an attack on another republican candidate, businessman donald trump. he also condemned the iran nuclear deal and said congressional --