toward greed and selfishness. so one of the challenges here is hat even within our -- take tic, how doo for us to ke it easy be indifferent to the suffering of others so i think that's his challenge and i think he's going to learn things and i think if it pen our hearts and ears, doesn't mean all of a sudden, caller: in this country we are a ticket or leave a religion.

religion and daily activities are intertwined but in this country it is take it or leave it. every churchgoing person will leave the church and go back next sunday and go to church again. it happens in every religion. i do not think it will be overlooked by the pope. guest: there is so much attention and even people who may be of no faith at all can help desk can help the he inspired by this man who walks the walk. he does not just talk the talk. this person who can see the individual and who is not afraid to call out people in power who are overlooking or harming the vulnerable. i think this pope has something wesay to all of us whether

are faithful churchgoers are not and we have that freedom to hear what he says and disregard it, but that is human freedom. on the line for independents. a wonderful conversation this morning. i had some specific points and they get so convoluted by all the other things you want to address. i went to catholic school, altered by -- altar boy, all that and now i call myself a recovery catholic because when i scripture, look at she is being disingenuous. it is a bit hypocritical to me. of onet the bottom line to say, the woman said she draws catholicism -- most of the new testament is written

by paul who never met jesus and twisted the church from jesus's teachings. thank you very much for everything and have a good day. thank you very much for everything and have a good day. host: i will let you respond. guest: a couple of things. the vatican's objection to those people who are part of president obama's welcoming committee is not because there is something wrong with the pope associating with those people. vaticane fact that the says this is a situation ripe for political manipulative. that is a sense for political endorsement. that is a position that you should not be putting a world leader in that position. you are really manipulating the situation to try to take sides. it is not at all -- we have photos of the pope hugging a transgendered men. he reaches out to everybody. there is no animus in this pope. one thing he cannot abide is the

primacy of ideology of the people and manipulation and that is what is going on here. host: your safety pope would reach out, but he does not want it to be manufactured. guest: if you met the people on the streets, he had no problem giving them a hug. the point is that president obama as a world leader has rust for these people -- the rest rust for these people who had dissented from catholic teaching and have an agenda. these are people who are speaking out. they are directly opposed to all the pope stands for. it is that manipulation and creation of a photo op. it is very unseemly and frankly should not be what happens in a white house. host: let us see if we can get michael from alabama on the line for independents. caller: yes, i just want to tell

this woman what a great job she has done. people call in and judge. i'm from a baptist church. i take a line from the pope -- who am i to judge? i think she is right about president obama. he does this every time. anything he can make political to score points, he does it. people calling in and giving her a hard time, they need to look at themselves before they start judging other people. i just want to say that. thank you, ma'am. host: michael in alabama. i want to ask you about one other funding from that q3's center pole. catholic church will definitely probably, according to catholics, allow birth control. say the of catholics catholic church will definitely or probably allow birth control by 2050. 86% say it will definitely a

probably allow cohabitating catholics to receive communion. 2050half believe that by that the catholic church will allow divorced catholics who have remarried without an annulment to receive communion. what are your thoughts about those expectations from american catholics? guest: i think those expectations are wishful thinking and unfortunately reflect the fact that many catholics do not understand the actual teachings and the reasoning behind it. if you understand the church's teaching on sexuality and you see it as rooted in the understanding of the human person and how our sexuality is oriented in a particular direction and it belongs in marriage because of procreation, i think those comments and those expectations really all right reflection -- are a reflection to be the greek in which catholics have become, in many respects, like everyone else. again, this pope challenges us -- be who you are called to be. take those teachings seriously.

examine yourself instead of saying that cannot be true. have you looked at it? have you discussed it? have you asked your questions? it is interesting how like the teaching on divorce and contraception -- the more we get social science research, the more we realize the body is something that god has created to work in a certain way. contraception has problems. there was a conference about a month ago in georgetown called a contraception conundrum where people with no religious affiliation came to talk about the difficulties of contraception and how bad it is for women's health. that is just on a secular level that we ought to be questioning some these things we take as given. same thing with divorce. remember 20 or 30 years ago when they say kids are resilient? split,parents are

they be happy in the research says that's not true. there is wisdom to the church's teachings. we have to open our years and try to discover that even if we have hesitancy and doubts. that is what the pope is saying iesbring those hesitanc and bring those doubts. host: we believe that there. mary rice hasson is >> we take a look at the pope's visit to the u.s. with congressman brendan boyle and paul vallely. you can join the conversation with your calls and comments on facebook and twitter. >> born in 1897, pope paul vi 1966 until his-- death in 1978.

you are looking at scenes of his coronation ceremony. the final pup to be crowned in this matter. succeeding popes have been inaugurated rather than crowned in a more simple ceremony. on railamerica, from 50 years pauloctober 4, 1955, hope vi visits the united nations. the 20 minute film includes a portion of his speech and scenes of the pope arriving and grading dignitaries in a receiving line. >> there are the flags of 117 member states which are flying. and now the car approaches the door.

the spiritual leader of over half a billion people. he is greeted in this house by the chief representative of a world organization made up of member nations who can count over 2 billion people of many kinds in many creeds. he is greeted by the united nation's chief of protocol. who met him at kennedy airport this morning. the secretary general awaits inside the threshold of the united nations building. the crowds and photographers on either side. on his way to this historic

moment of grading by the secretary-general. they follow him and he passes into the main hall. the secretary general greets his holiness. the cardinals are presented. the pope speaks [inaudible]

the cardinals of the people party but also in the party. accompanied by the chief of protocol and the secretary-general pass across this main lobby. perhaps one of the moving moments of this visit. this room was constructed in 1952. shortly after the organization came to this building. it was reformed so a few years later by the late secretary-general. they were looking at the plaques which commemorate those who have

died in the service of the organization. this has been the aim to create in it a place where the doors may be open to the infinite lands of thought and prayer. at a time when ecumenical thought is on the lives of so many and so many are thinking of coming to rather, coming closer to all mankind. this is a moving moment. of inspiration. you are looking at the pendulum.

the government. the movement,hows -- movement and rotation. inside the meditation room -- the proceed toward staircase which leads to the balcony. the entrance to the great hall of the general assembly. in the hall, the president of has left the hall

to go to the top of the cement -- ceremonial stairway to great the pontiff when he arrives. stairway that heads of state who have come to address our meetings have always descended. the chief of protocol proceeds pope paul and the secretary-general. immediately at the top of the stairway looking towards the entrance through which his , oneess -- holiness came of the most striking architectural views of this entire headquarters. at the top of the stairs there

will be a figure well known to his holiness, the foreign minister of the republic of italy who has been elected president of the united nations 20th session. he has greeted hope paul on his arrival at kennedy airport. and now waits for him here out side the general assembly hall. they proceed slowly for this great moment when he enters the delegatesbly hall and -- and they arrived. [applause]

this is toward the podium. he proceeds towards the platform. he is now all in white. chair, forward to the which has been prepared for him. delegations applied. he walks to the edge of the podium raising his hands toward them. and the famous papal gesture. secretaryent of the general return to their chairs. he is taken forward to the

podium at which he will speak. vi: [speaking italian] as we begin to speak to this audience that is unique in the whole world, we must first of all express our profound thanks to mr. thant, your secretary general, who was kind enough to invite us to pay a visit to the united nations on the occasion of the twentieth anniversary of this world institution for peace

and collaboration between the nations of the whole world. and now our message reaches its higher point. its gravityware of and solemnity. again one against the other. was it not for this purpose that the united nations arose? against war, in favor of peace. listen to the lucid words of a great man. the late john kennedy. mankind must put in an too -- in and to war or war will put an

end to mankind. many words are not needed to proclaim this the loftiest of all the aims. this is the pact that unites us with an oath. no more war, never again wore. .- war it is piece that must guide the destiny of peoples and of all mankind. here theaim fundamental rights and duties of man, his duty, his freedom, and above all, his religious freedom. interpretat you must the highest form of human wisdom.

and its sacred character. you deal here above all with human life and human life is sacred. may offend against it. respect for life, even with regard to the great problem of the birth rate must find here in your simply its highest affirmation and is most reasonable offense. your task is to ensure that there is enough bread on the tables of mankind and not to encourage an artificial earth control which should be irrational with the aim of reducing the number of those sharing in the banquet of life. there are powerful instruments that can be empowered equally

well. -- civilization must be built upon spiritual principles. support andcan dominate. we are convinced as you know that these indispensable principles of superior wisdom can be founded only upon faith in god. [applause]

presented by cardinal cushing. she is followed by senator robert kennedy. and senator ted kennedy with their wives.

that is mrs. ethel kennedy. and then senator robert candy. -- robert kennedy. senator edward kennedy and his wife. the grand minister of ireland has been presented.

carnell stallman is approaching the holy bother. behind senator kennedy. the deputy prime minister and prime minister of ireland.

you see the delegate, the senior officials of the secretary of the organization, the cardinals of the people party. coming now is the foreign minister of france. permanenty the french representatives of the united nations. and general degaulle was accompanied by the foreign minister. and the ambassador.

the prime minister of chile. and dean rusk.

and the ambassador of peru. next pope john paul the second surfer 1970 until his death in 2005. the second longest-serving pope in modern history. next, american history tv looks back to 1979 when the pope traveled to new york city and address the unit -- the u.n. general assembly. this 40 minute program includes extensive scenes of the vote arriving at the u.n. and later, grading dignitaries in the receiving line.

[applause]

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[indistinct conversations] [applause]

[indistinct conversations]

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>> it is a great honor and a privilege for me to welcome you on behalf of all the general assembly of the united nations. since you took the position of

the head of the catholic church, you have inspired all of us with a new hope and a sense of reassurance for the world. we recall with fond memories the visit of your red assessor, his vi inss pope paul 1965, when he joined with us here in the sense of global aspiration to reissue the historic all of never again wore, war never again. today, 13 years later, we have renewed to yourled by attending spiritual responsibilities, you have shown great dedication to the efforts to solve the many problems of mankind today, problems with which the human

-- this assembly is also confronted. your concern with the problems of those in refugee camps, those living in squalor and abject poverty, those living under oppressive regimes, and those caught in the crossfire in areas of conflict is eloquent testimony of the trust which has been placed in you and search for peace, security, and justice for all. as a representative of the african continent which has suffered so much and still suffers, i am particularly conscious of the effects of the visits of your holiness. may i now invite his holiness john paul ii to address the general assembly? [applause]

pope john paul ii: mr. president, my address today will be published in its entirety, just as i wrote it, because of its length, however, i shall now read it in a shortened form. i desire to express my gratitude to the general assembly of the united nations, which i am permitted today to participate in and to address. this is the real reason, the

essential reason for my presence among you, and i wish to thank thank this distinguished assembly, for giving consideration to this reason, which can make my presence among you in somewhat useful. here, before the representatives of the states, i wish not only to thank you, but to also offer my special congratulations since the invitation extended to the pope to speak before your

assembly shows the united nations organization accepts and respects the moral dimension of those human problems that the church attendance. ttends. if you hear the message of truth and love, it is her duty to bring to the world. the questions that concern your functions and receive your attention as this indicated by the vast conflicts of institutions and activities that are part of or collaborate with united nations, especially in the fields of culture, labor, and energy certainly make it essential for us to meet in the

name of men in his holiness, and all the fullness and manifold riches of his spiritual and material existence, as i have stated in my encyclical redemptor hominis, the first of my pontificate.

now, availing myself of the solemn occasion of my meeting with the representatives of the nations of the earth, i wish above all to send my greetings to all the men and women living on this planet. to every man and every woman, without any exception whatever. every human being living on earth is a member of a civil society, of a nation, many of them represented here. each one of you, distinguished ladies and gentlemen, represents a particular state, system and political structure, but what you represent above all are

individual human beings; you are all representatives of men and women, of practically all the people of the world, individual men and women, communities and peoples who are living the present phase of their own history and who are also part of the history of humanity as a whole, each of them a subject endowed with dignity as a human person, with his or her own culture, experiences and

aspirations, tensions and sufferings, and legitimate expectations. never concerned of values alone, but belong to both. they may be viewed separately in order to see -- and to see in human rights, whether in the fields of material realities or in death, spiritual realities, it is equally dangerous for peace.

i hope that the state authorities, while respecting the just rights of each is in will enjoy the confidence for -- of all for the common good. i hope that all the nations, even the smallest, even thouse that do not yet enjoy full haveeignty, and those who been forcibly robbed of its will meet in full quality with the others in the united nations organization. i hope that the united nations will ever remain the supreme

form of peace and justice so can succeed the freedom for individuals and their longing for a better future. [applause]

>> on behalf of the general assembly, i wish to express our deep appreciation to his holiness, pope john paul ii, for

his important and inspiring judgment. i request a representative to be kind enough to amend as the secretary-general and i escort his holiness out of the meeting, after which, the meeting shall stand adjourned. [applause]

pope john paul ii: [speaking foreign language] >> governor carey of the state of new york. mrs. kennedy-shriver. >> on behalf of the foundation for handicapped children, thank you so much. pope john paul ii: thank you. >> the mayor of new york.

governor -- >> [indiscernible] >> yes. governor everett harriman and mrs. everett herman -- harriman. [speaking foreign language]

congressman -- >> your holiness. >> the director of the united nations development appropriation. the undersecretary general for special political affairs. mr. joyner is the director for the center. he was introduced to your holiness. >> [indiscernible] the undersecretary general. the minister for the foreign affairs of cyprus.

the representative of cyprus. the representative of jordan. madame. >> the president of the united nations correspondents association. >> please accept our respectful greetings. pope john paul ii: thank you. >> the ambassador of the united states of america. pope john paul ii: thank you very much. >> ambassador -- [indiscernible]

the wife for the minister of foreign affairs of spain. the prime minister, your holiness. [indiscernible]

mrs. -- the wife of the secretary-general, your holiness. and madame. [indiscernible] [speaking french] >> the representative of the borough of new york. the secretary-general of the organization of african union. >> good to meet you. >> [indiscernible] the ambassador of kenya. [indiscernible] mrs. cheri maclean. [indiscernible] -- mr. mattan from papua new guinea, your holiness.

and mrs. mattan. and the wife of the premised are for portugal. [indiscernible] [speaking foreign language] -- from sierra leone. [indiscernible] pope john paul ii: god bless

you. [indiscernible] >> from hawaii. the former ambassador of italy to the united nations. from the u.s. mission. pope john paul ii: thank you. >> the undersecretary general in the case of women. >> your holiness. pope john paul ii: [indiscernible]

>> the representative of gambia to the united nations. from the human population fund. the secretary-general for -- [indiscernible] the señora. >> [indiscernible] >> [indiscernible] the undersecretary for unicef. and his wife. -- from indonesia, your holiness.

and the representative of indonesia to the united nations. the ambassador from peru. from peru. mr. and mrs. egget from unicef. >> abc news. >> from abc news. mrs. barbara walters from abc news. >> barbara walters. >> the most famous person for the news around the world. >> [indiscernible] barbara: [laughter]

i was hoping that you might -- [indiscernible] have a wonderful stay while you are here. thank you. >> the undersecretary general for special political affairs. [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. visit ncicap.org] [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2015] [crowd noise]

>> c-span has live coverage from washington dc, the popes first data. presidente with the and mrs. obama to greet the contest at the airport. wednesday morning on c-span and c-span radio and c-span.org. thewelcoming ceremony of pope. live coverage begins at 8:45 a.m. eastern and later in the afternoon, starting at 4:00, the mass and canada station of juniper sarah. that starts at thursday morning. live coverage on capitol hill as pope francis makes history becoming the first pontiff to address the joint said session of congress. speaks to the united nations general assembly. and later at 11:30 a.m., he will have a service at the 9/11

memorial. following -- follow c-span's coverage of the pope's trip to the u.s. up next on c-span, a town hall meeting with presidential candidate senator bernie sanders in new hampshire. the wisconsin governor scott walker announces he is ending his presidential campaign. later, interviews with chris christie and after that, former rhode island senator and governor leak -- lincoln chafee. former cia director david petraeus testifies about u.s. strategy and strategic -- starting at 9:30 a.m. eastern on c-span3. c-span, a senate panel looks at the consolidation of the health insurance industry. oh ofl hear from the ce

the insurance company and the president of the american hospitals association. we have it live at 10:00 a.m. eastern. [cheers and applause] senators sanders: thank you, all. thank you all very much. for coming out on a beautiful sunday morning to do something very, very radical. are you ready for radical activity? audience: yeah! senator sanders: we are going to practice democracy. how's that? [cheering] senator sanders: let me begin by taking off my jacket. [laughter] [applause]

senator sanders: let me thank melanie for her kind introduction. let me thank sean, who is with the sheet metal workers union. what shawn understands and what i understand is we do not grow the middle class of this country without a strong trade union movement and i am pledged to do everything i can to make sure that happens. [applause] and let me thank jeff. jeff is one of the millions of unsung heroes who every day goes to work as a teacher. and i know we talk a lot about the great football players and the great basketball and baseball players of this country, we pay them huge amounts of money. you know what?

we do not pay enough attention and we do not thank people like jeff for the work that they do. [applause] we announced our candidacy for a -- four and a half months ago. and went i announced it, people were very polite, but no one thought we had a chance to do anything. a lot has happened in the last four and a half months. and i think the reason is the issues we are talking about are issues that are resonating with the american people. needless to say, having gone all across this country and having talked to many people, i hear many remarks. people are very generous.

one remark that stands in my mind, a young man in the west coast. he came up to me. he said, bernie, thank you. you are treating us like we are intelligent human beings. [applause] you know, what a lot of politics passes for in this day and age, and encouraged by the media unfortunately, is a game of calling people, names, and attacking people every day. if i trip leaving the stage it will be a front-page story. the picture of me being facedown on the ground, or if i were to start viciously attacking hillary clinton, it would be on the front pages. but i don't do that. i don't do that because i think as a nation we have a lot of work in front of us in order to focus on the most important issues facing our country.

and what democracy is about is laying those issues on the table, understanding that honest people can differ with us, have different points of view, but debating those issues and seeing how we go forward in order to resolve them. it ain't more complicated than that, and that is what i have been trying to do in this campaign. [applause] so, the campaign is not about how i am standing in the polls, although, thank you, new hampshire. we are doing pretty well here. [cheering] but polls go up and polls go down. the real issue, is how we take it a step further, and how we transform america in the direction we think it needs to go.

[applause] so, let me just start off by telling you something i am confident no other presidential candidate will tell you. and this is sometimes hard for people to grasp or to feel good about, but it is the simple truth. if bernie sanders -- it doesn't matter in a certain sense who is elected president unless there is a political revolution in this country of many, many millions of people who are coming together, standing up and saying loudly and clearly, enough is enough. [applause]

and i'm beginning to hear that all over this country. people say, wait a second. you know, this country belongs to all of us and not just to a handful of billionaires who can make huge campaign contributions. now the point that i make is that no president -- not bernie sanders or anybody else -- can do it alone, is because of the following reasons. wall street, corporate america, the koch brothers, huge campaign contributors have enormous power. and if you think that any president -- you sent me to the oval office, i could say to wall street, well, guys, i think it's important you start paying a tax on wall street speculation so

all the kids have opportunity to go to public colleges and universities tuition free, and they will say, hey, bernie, that's a great idea! why didn't we think of that? you got it, man! we will spend millions to make sure that we have a tax on wall street speculation. and when i go to corporate america and i say, hey, maybe it's a good idea not to continue to shut down manufacturing plants in new hampshire and vermont and send our jobs to low-wage countries abroad, they say, listen, why didn't we think of that, bernie? fantastic idea. i will tell you what we will do tomorrow. it doesn't happen like that. it does not happen like that. everybody in this room knows the only way real change takes place is when millions of people at the grassroots level come together and fight back. [applause]

now the fact that we have an african-american as president of the united states today it occurred because some thought and died in the struggle to say we will end racism in the united states of america. that is how it happened. [applause] obviously -- obviously, we still have a long way to go in combating racism, but that's how progress is made.

we have made enormous steps forward in terms of fighting sexism in this country because women from over 100 years have stood up with their male allies and said, we are not going to judge people based on their gender. we are going to try to break down sexism in america and give all of our people equal opportunity. it did not happen because we had a couple of good senators. it happened because millions of people said enough is enough. [applause] if you look at what has happened -- and i'm not talking about 40 or 50 or 100 years ago -- if you look at what has happened in terms of gay rights in america, in the last 10 years, that is extraordinary. and that happened because people in the gay community stood up. they got arrested. they got beaten. and they worked with their

straight allies and they said, hey, in the united states of america we are going to be judged in the united states of america on our character and not our sexual orientation. [applause] so, my point is that if you look at history in general, american history, world history, that is how change takes place. so, what this campaign is about kind of uniquely -- yes, of course i am here today to ask for your support in the new hampshire primary. yes, i am here to ask for your support to help me win the democratic nomination and i'm asking for your support to help make me president of the united states. but also what i am asking you is to be with me, not just for the election. you've got to be with me the day after the election. [applause]

and that is because no president can do it alone. the powers that be are just too powerful. but at the end of the day, when millions of people stand up and fight back, we win. because while they may have the money, they may have the power, we have the people. and when people stand together, we win. [applause] now, what i would like to do is take a few minutes -- well, actually longer than a few minutes -- to go over some of the issues that, to my mind, are the issues on the minds of the american people. then we will stop. we will take your questions and your comments. to my mind, it is important for

all of us to understand that we live in the wealthiest nation in the history of the world. that is where we are today. most people don't know that. why don't they know that? they are too busy working two or three jobs. they are too busy being one of the 45 million people living in poverty to really know that. they do not know it because almost all of the new income and wealth is going to the top 1%. now income and wealth inequality has got to be brought out into the open and we are going to address this issue. [applause] here is the simple truth. the united states has more income and wealth inequality than any other major industrialized nation on earth

and at any time since 1928. in america today, the top 1/10 of 1%. 1/10 of 1% owns almost as much wealth as the bottom 90%. in america today, 58% of all new income and created -- you know, people working crazy hours, long jobs, seven days a week, 58% of all new income created is going to the top 1%. in america today, you got one family. the walton family of walmart, owning more wealth than the bottom 49% of the american people. in my view, that is a rigged

economy, not an economy that works for american workers. it has got to change. [applause] and this campaign is sending a message to the billionaire class. it's a simple message. it is a straightforward message, and that is you cannot have it all. [applause] you are not going to continue to get huge tax breaks when children in america are going hungry. you cannot continue to send our jobs to china and other low-wage

countries when millions of americans desperately need decent paying jobs. you are not going to continue to give the ceo's of large corporations huge compensation packages at the same time you cut the wages and health care benefits and the pensions of your employees. your greed is going to end, and we are going to end it for you. [applause] but it is not only the grotesque level of income and wealth inequality we have got to address. we have to put these issues on the table because if we are not discussing them, we are not going to resolve them. i think everyone who is fair-minded understands the economy today is far, far better

than it was when george bush left office. all right? that is a fact. [applause] you know, i saw the republican debate, painfully, for three hours. and it was really quite amazing to me the kind of amnesia of these guys. every problem in the world -- it's too hot, it's too cold, it's raining, it's not raining -- it's all barack obama's fault. it's unbelievable. i never knew that one person had so much power to create so many problems. they seem to have forgotten. i don't know why it is. maybe they suffer short-term amnesia. they seem to have forgotten that when obama came into office we were losing 800 thousand jobs a month. 800,000 jobs. and these guys are like, well, we are growing 175,000 jobs a month -- not enough.

yes, true, not enough. but it is a hell of a lot better than losing 800,000 jobs a month. [applause] these guys worry about the deficit. serious issue. that they forgot to tell us -- i just don't know why -- that when bush left office we have the largest deficit in the history of the country, 1.4 trillion dollars. much lower today than it was then. forgot to tell us when bush left office, after all of the trickle down economics, after all of the deregulation, the american and world financial system was on the verge of collapse. and economists were worried you would stick your credit card

into an atm machine and nothing would come out. that is the economy obama inherited, and we should not forget that. [applause] but let's also be honest. and acknowledge that for the last 40 years -- 4-0, 40 years, under republican leadership and democratic leadership, what we have seen in this country is the disappearance of the american middle class. young people don't know that because they live in the world of today. they don't see the long picture. many of us who are older do. what we know today is that median family income is almost $5,000 less than it was in 1999. we know that male workers is making some $700 less in

inflation-adjusted income than he was 42 years ago. women are making $1300 less today than they made in 2007. how does it happen when you have an explosion of technology that despite all of that people are working longer hours for lower wages. and my answer is that we are going to create an economy not to make the rich richer about to expand the middle class. [applause] started off with a jacket.

got rid of that. the sleeves are going up. i will probably take my shirt off in a few minutes and it will be quite a show. i wouldn't do that. i don't want to embarrass the other guys here. [laughter] let me talk about another issue that does not get the full discussion it deserves which is the issue of unemployment. every month the government comes out with a bunch of statistics on unemployment. the one you mostly see is official unemployment which is about 5.1%. who knows what is wrong with that? where is that inadequate any guesses? good. it does not count people who have given up work, looking for work, and it does not include the millions of people working part time when they want to work full-time. there are a lot of people in that category. what is called real unemployment in america is over 10%.

the second point which we do not talk about at all, and i'm trying to push discussion on it and i'm not getting much help from the media here. that is youth unemployment. about six weeks ago, i asked the economic policy institute to do a study for me. if a kid graduated high school -- not a dropout -- between the ages of 17 and 20, if that kid is white real unemployment rate is 33%, hispanic 36 %, african-american 51% -- hispanic 36%. for high school graduates all over this country we have turned our back on kids who want to stand up on their own two feet, get out, get a job, become adults. we are saying, sorry, there are no jobs for many of you.

that we segue to another issue of enormous consequence that we also don't talk enough about. i hope every person in this room knows that we have more people in jail they on any other country on earth. did you all know that? china, an authoritarian communist country -- they are not all that liberal, you know. they are three times our size. we have more people in jail than china. what is the correlation between high youth unemployment and incarceration? we have kids here in new hampshire, vermont, hanging out on street corners getting themselves in trouble, doing drugs, etc. so in my view it makes a lot more sense for this country to

be investing in education, in jobs, rather than in jails and incarceration. [applause] just think for a moment. we're spending about $80 billion a year keeping people behind bars. it varies may be about 60,000 dollars to keep someone in jail for a year. think of the money we could use to work with them. you will not drop out of school. you are not going to be hanging out on street corners. we will be saving taxpayers money. it's the rational approach. that's the thinking we have to

go forward with. [applause] when we ask ourselves -- how does it happen? you have people working to, three jobs trying to cobble together enough income and health care to take care of their family. how is that? the answer is fairly obvious. all across this country, millions of people are working for wages that are just too damn low. that's the fact. [applause] get out your calculator and start multiplying the minimum wage. 40 times $7.25 times 52 weeks. it's not enough to take care of

a family let alone one person. the minimum wage today is a starvation wage. it has to be raised to a living wage, $15 per hour, over the next several years. [applause] it is not a radical idea to say that if someone works 40 hours per week in this country that they should not be living in poverty. there is another issue tied to raising the minimum wage and that is that i sincerely hope that every man in this room will stand with the women and fight for pay equity with women workers. [applause]

there is no rational, economic reason. it is just based on a history of sexism that women today are making $.78 on the one dollar compared to men. when we raise the minimum wage and when we have pay a quitting, -- when we have pay equity, we will give some hope to single moms were struggling desperately to raise their kids with dignity. that's what we have to do. when you see single moms raising kids and you see how hard they work, it's quite amazing to me. in new hampshire, you have, for

better or worse, and a lot of politicians and some of them are republicans. you have heard, no doubt, time after time republican candidates concerns about family values. right? family values. they stay up nights worrying about family. all of you know what they mean by family values and what they mean is that women in america should not have the right to control their own bodies -- i disagree. [applause]

and what they also mean when they talk about family values is that our gay brothers and sisters should not have the right to get married -- i disagree. [applause] i have four great kids. and one of them is here right now. i have seven beautiful grandchildren. jane and i have been married for 27 years. and we believe strongly in family values and strengthening values. our views are a little bit different than the republicans. i start off when i talk about family values demanding that we end international embarrassment

of being the only major country on earth that does not guarantee paid family and medical leave. [applause] we are the only major country -- the only one. what does that mean? today in new hampshire and vermont, all over this country women are giving birth. you know what an extraordinary moment in your lives that is -- unforgettable. it's also a pretty big day for the baby. [laughter] but -- and here's the but --if that mom and her family have sufficient financial resources, she will stay home and do what a mom wants to do which is to spend time with her babies, getting to know her baby, love her baby, on her baby. dad will be there, too and what

is the most important time of a human being's life. but if that mom does not have the money. if she is low income or working-class, what she is forced to do after one week or two weeks is put that baby aside and go back to work in order to earn enough income to take care of the family. forcing women to separate from their newborn babies is not a family value. [applause] it is, in fact, the opposite of a family value and that is why i will fight for united states joining countries all over the world in guaranteeing at least 12 weeks of paid family and medical leave.

[applause] if you get a call from a pollster says what's most importantly on your mind? usually the answer with a four letter word -- j-o-b-s. they know if you are an older worker you could be replaced tomorrow by a younger worker for half the wages. they know if you are a college graduate it's really hard to

find a job commensurate with your education. they know if you are a dropout it's very hard to find any work at any wage. when you have real unemployment in this country of 10%, youth unemployment off the charts, what i think is we need a massive federal jobs program to put millions of people back to work. [applause] we should not be firing teachers. we should be hiring more teachers. [applause] we should not be firing childcare workers, firemen, or police officers. we should be hiring more of them because we need them. and perhaps most significantly we have an infrastructure in america, roads, bridges, rail, airports, water plants,

wastewater plants that in many parts of this country are crumbling. they need an enormous amount of work. when you have millions of people who need work and an infrastructure that's crumbling, common sense says we invest in rebuilding our crumbling infrastructure and create millions of jobs doing that. [applause] let me also say a word about an issue that is not so sexy but is an obviously important. not only should we be creating millions of new, decent paying jobs, we have got to prevent the loss of millions of jobs as a result of our disastrous trade policies. [applause]

you are looking at a senator and former congressman who has voted against nafta, permanent trade relations with china and will help lead the opposition to this disastrous transpacific partnership. [applause] anyone who wants to take a hard look at the economy and anyone who wants to know how we rebuild the middle class, how we lower property rates, how we put people to work with decent paying jobs has got to take a hard look at wall street. wall street, as all of you know, through their greed, their recklessness, their illegal behavior, drove this country into the worst economic downturn since the great depression. millions of people are still feeling the impact of what wall

street did. here's what's interesting. the congress, against my vote, voted to bail out wall street because they were "too big to fail." if they went down, half the economy would go with them. today three out of four of the largest financial institutions in america today are significantly larger than they were when we bailed them out because they were too big to fail. you have the six largest banks in this country issuing more than two thirds of all credit card and over 35% of all mortgages. that type of concentration in wealth and power is not a positive thing for our economy. if teddy roosevelt, the old trust buster, was alive today, he would say break them up. i agree with teddy roosevelt and that's exactly what we've got to

do. [applause] the large financial institution is too big to fail then it's too big to exist -- end of discussion. [applause] now, i am often asked. ernie, you talk a lot about issues. what is the most important issue out there and it's impossible to delineate just one issue, but i will tell you one issue that is unique in that it impacts every other issue that we face as a nation, so let me be as blunt as i can be in telling you what i think most of you already know. as a result of the disastrous

supreme court decision in the citizens united case, the american political system -- and i use these words advisedly, has been totally corrupted and the foundations of american democracy are being undermined. [applause] it. and not be as blunt as i am about this issue, but it's just the simple truth. here in new hampshire and my state of vermont, since the inception of our states we have had town meetings in rooms like this. people come together and they argue about the school budget, the roads, and then they vote. one person, one vote. that's called democracy where i come from. what we have now is a result of this supreme court decision

where they said to the wealthiest people in this country, ok. you already own much of the economy of america so now we will allow you to own and buy the united states government and that is precisely what they are doing now. what that means is that virtually every presidential candidate has a super pac and the reason they have super pac's is that millionaires and billionaires can spend unlimited sums of money on those campaigns. and then on top of that, you have the koch brothers, the second wealthiest family in america, a family that wants to end social security, and medicare and medicaid, the environmental protection agency spending in this election cycle alone some $900 million. that is more money than either

the democratic party or the republican party will spend. when you have one family spending more than either of the two major political parties, my friends, you are not looking at democracy. you are looking at an oligarchy and that has got to change. [applause] i have not made many campaign promises so far. there is one i want to repeat to you and that is no nominee of mine for the united states supreme court will get that position unless he or she is hot

loud and clear in saying that they will overturn citizens united. [applause] now, we are in a school here in an elementary school in new hampshire and i know that every person in this room in new hampshire and throughout this country is very concerned about education. we all understand that we live in a highly competitive global economy. we all know -- it does not take rocket scientist to figure it out -- that if we do not have the best educated workforce in the world but it will be very hard for our economy to grow, be strong, create the kinds of jobs

we want for our kids and grandchildren. it is beyond comprehension how we have a situation today where hundreds of thousands of bright, qualified young people who have the ability to go to college, who have the desire to go to college, cannot go to college for one mple rson -- their family lacks the money. for those who want to make it in the middle class become engineers, scientists, doctors, teachers. i will fight to make sure that every public college and university in america is tuition free. [applause]

it's not just because countries we're competing with around the world are already doing it or just because it or 60 years ago in america it existed but i'm going to do it for the kids in this elementary school here in seabrook, new hampshire. [applause] what does that have to do with a kid here in the fourth grade in seabrook or my hometown of burlington, vermont? i will tell you. i grew up in a family where my mom and dad never went to college. all over america you have kids with low income working class

kids and they don't know anybody who did go to college. the idea sitting here in the fifth grade that they might someday go to college is about as distant as the idea that they may go to the moon. what our job is today is to say every child in america if you are in fourth, eighth, sixth grade if you study hard, if you take school seriously, if you do well in school -- yes, you will be able to go to college regardless of the income of your families. [applause] it will change the attitude of millions of children in this country who will now know if

they study hard they will have a good future. when we talk about higher education, there's another issue we've got to address and it's the absurdity of millions of people in this country, young and not so young, who are struggling under horrendous levels of student debt. in my mind it makes no sense for people to be carrying interest rates on their student date of 6%, 8%, 10% when they can refinance their homes at 2%, three percent, 4% and our legislation will allow them to do that. [applause] i talked to many people who are paying 20% of their income in student debt who cannot buy a car, buy home, sometimes cannot get married or have kids.

that's crazy. we need to leave our planet habitable and healthy for our children and grandchildren. [applause] i speak to you as a member of the senate energy committee by saying the scientific community has decided very clearly that the debate is over. climate change is real. climate change is caused by human activity. climate change today -- look at

the wildfires in california, the heat wave in pakistan -- climate change is already causing devastating problems in our country and around the world. if we do not get our act together the situation will become much worse in years to come. the scientists are saying if we continue business as usual, by the end of the century, imagine this, the planet earth will be 5-10 degrees warmer than it is today. more drought, more floods, more extreme weather disturbances more rising sea levels, more international war and conflict as people fight for

limited national resources to grow their crops. in my view, we have a moral responsibility to leave the world, work with china, russia, india, all over this globe to move towards energy efficiency and sustainable energy. [applause] one of the themes of my campaign has been to beg the american people to think big, not small. to not get in the mindset in which we debate whether we cut education by 2% or 4%, to get not into the mindset of whether we do this little thing were that little thing, to understand that in the wealthiest country in the history of the world if we stand together there is nothing that we cannot

accomplish. let me give you one example. the united states of america today is the only major wealthy country on earth that does not guarantee health care to all people as a right. we are the only ones. [applause] now, i voted for the affordable care act and it has done a lot of good things. we have significantly increased the number of people who have health insurance. we've driven down the numbers of uninsured. but at the end of the day, we still have 30 million americans without any health insurance and many of you who may have insurance have high deductibles and high copayments. yet at the end of all of that, as a nation, we and up spending far more than any other country per capita on health care.

in my view, the united states of america should guarantee health care to all of our people as a right. we can do it in a cost-effective way by moving toward a medicare for all single-payer program. [applause] if every other major country on earth can do with, we can do it as well. we can spend less per capita on health care than we currently do. i'm the ranking member of the democratic opposition on the budget committee. i want to take the second the talk about values which is reflected in the federal budget

which then goes to the appropriations committee. some of you may know, but most of you do not, the nature of the republican budget that passed the congress. at a time when 30 million americans still have no health insurance they voted to and of the affordable care act, make massive cuts in medicaid, throat 27 million people off of health insurance. they have no response. not one of them. you will notice in the recent debate nobody talked about the fact that 30 million americans have no health insurance. millions more are underinsured. it's not their concern.

and then when you talk about the republican budget at a time when millions of working class families are struggling to figure out how they will send their kids to college, republican budget over 10 years cutting health grants by $90 billion. and then, when you talk about the reality that millions of families in this country where the breadwinner is making $10 an hour cannot afford to feed their family adequately, republican budget cut nutrition programs including the program for low income pregnant women and their babies by many billions of dollars. and then to add insult to injury, to tell you really what their priorities are of the republican party, after cutting health care, education, nutrition they provided over $250 billion in tax breaks to

the top 0.2%. brothers and sisters, those are not the priorities of the american people and we will not accept that. [applause] and then when you have many republicans, including a number of presidential candidates, coming before us telling us we have to cut social security, let me tell you that i will not cut social security. to cut social t me tell you that i will not cut social security. we have millions of seniors trying to survive on $13,000 per year. in fact, what we are g