effectively, they argue for a return to the rules that applied for most of human history and that predate this institution, the belief that power is a zero-sum game, that might makes right, that strong states must impose their will on weaker ones, that the rights of individuals don't matter, and that in a time of rapid change, order must be imposed by force. on this basis, we see some major powers assert themselves in ways that contravene international law. we see an erosion of the democratic principles and human rights that are fundamental to this institution's mission, information is strictly

controlled, the space for civil society restricted. we're told that such retrenchment is required to beat back disorder, that it's the only way to stamp out terrorism, or prevent foreign meddling. in accordance with this logic, we should support tyrants like bashar al-assad, who drops barrel bombs to massacre innocent children, because the alternative is surely worse. the increasing skepticism of our international order can also be found in the most advanced democracies. we see greater polarization, more frequent gridlock, movements on the far right, and sometimes the left, that insist on stopping the trade that binds our fates to other nations, calling for the building of walls to keep out immigrants.

most ominously, we see the fears of ordinary people being exploited through appeals to sectarianism, or tribalism, or racism, or anti-semitism, appeals to a glorious past before the body politic was infected by those who look different, or worship god differently, a politics of us versus them. the united states is not immune from this. even as our economy is growing and our troops have largely returned from iraq and afghanistan, we see in our debates about america's role in the world a notion of strength that is defined by opposition to old enemies, perceived adversaries, a rising china, or a resurgent russia, a

revolutionary iran, or an islam that is incompatible with peace. we see an argument made that the only strength that matters for the united states is bellicose words and shows of military force, that cooperation and diplomacy will not work. as president of the united states, i am mindful of the dangers that we face. they cross my desk every morning. i lead the strongest military that the world has ever known, and i will never hesitate to protect my country or our allies, unilaterally and by force where necessary. but i stand before you today

believing in my core that we, the nations of the world, cannot return to the old ways of conflict and coercion. we cannot look backwards. we live in an integrated world, one in which we all have a stake in each other's success. we cannot turn those forces of integration. no nation in this assembly can insulate itself from the threat of terrorism, or the risk of financial contagion; the flow of migrants, or the danger of a warming planet. the disorder we see is not driven solely by competition

between nations or any single ideology. and if we cannot work together more effectively, we will all suffer the consequences. that is true for the united states, as well. no matter how powerful our military, how strong our economy, we understand the united states cannot solve the world's problems alone. in iraq, the united states learned the hard lesson that even hundreds of thousands of brave, effective troops, trillions of dollars from our treasury, cannot by itself impose stability on a foreign land. unless we work with other nations under the mantle of international norms and principles and law that offer legitimacy to our efforts, we

will not succeed. and unless we work together to defeat the ideas that drive different communities in a country like iraq into conflict, any order that our militaries can impose will be temporary. just as force alone cannot impose order internationally, i believe in my core that repression cannot forge the social cohesion for nations to succeed. the history of the last two decades proves that in today's

world, dictatorships are unstable. the strongmen of today become the spark of revolution tomorrow. you can jail your opponents, but you can't imprison ideas. you can try to control access to information, but you cannot turn a lie into truth. it is not a conspiracy of u.s.-backed n.g.o.'s that expose corruption and raise the expectations of people around the globe, it's technology, social media, and the irreducible desire of people everywhere to make their own choices about how they are governed. indeed, i believe that in today's world, the measure of strength is no longer defined by the control of territory. lasting prosperity does not come solely from the ability to access and extract raw materials. the strength of nations depends on the success of their people, their knowledge, their innovation, their imagination, their creativity, their drive,

their opportunity, and that, in turn, depends upon individual rights and good governance and personal security. internal repression and foreign aggression are both symptoms of the failure to provide this foundation. a politics and solidarity that depend on demonizing others, that draws on religious sectarianism or narrow tribalism or jingoism may at times look like strength in the moment, but over time its weakness will be exposed. and history tells us that the dark forces unleashed by this type of politics surely makes all of us less secure. our world has been there before. we gain nothing from going back. instead, i believe that we must go forward in pursuit of our ideals, not abandon them at this critical time. we must give expression to our best hopes, not our deepest

fears. this institution was founded because men and women who came before us had the foresight to know that our nations are more secure when we uphold basic laws and basic norms, and pursue a path of cooperation over conflict. and strong nations, above all, have a responsibility to uphold this international order. let me give you a concrete example. after i took office, i made clear that one of the principal achievements of this body, the nuclear nonproliferation regime, was endangered by iran's violation of the n.p.t. on that basis, the security council tightened sanctions on the iranian government, and many

nations joined us to enforce them. together, we showed that laws and agreements mean something. but we also understood that the goal of sanctions was not simply to punish iran. our objective was to test whether iran could change course, accept constraints, and allow the world to verify that its nuclear program will be peaceful. for two years, the united states and our partners, including russia, including china, stuck together in complex negotiations. the result is a lasting, comprehensive deal that prevents iran from obtaining a nuclear weapon, while allowing it to access peaceful energy. and if this deal is fully implemented, the prohibition on nuclear weapons is strengthened, a potential war is averted, our world is safer. that is the strength of the international system when it works the way it should.

that same fidelity to international order guides our responses to other challenges around the world. consider russia's annexation of crimea and further aggression in eastern ukraine. america has few economic interests in ukraine. we recognize the deep and complex history between russia and ukraine. but we cannot stand by when the sovereignty and territorial integrity of a nation is

flagrantly violated. if that happens without consequence in ukraine, it could happen to any nation gathered here today. that's the basis of the sanctions that the united states and our partners impose on russia. it's not a desire to return to a cold war. now, within russia, state-controlled media may describe these events as an example of a resurgent russia, a view shared, by the way, by a number of u.s. politicians and commentators who have always been deeply skeptical of russia, and seem to be convinced a new cold war is, in fact, upon us. and yet, look at the results. the ukrainian people are more interested than ever in aligning with europe instead of russia. sanctions have led to capital flight, a contracting economy, a fallen ruble, and the emigration of more educated russians. imagine if, instead, russia had engaged in true diplomacy, and worked with ukraine and the international community to ensure its interests were

protected. that would be better for ukraine, but also better for russia, and better for the world, which is why we continue to press for this crisis to be resolved in a way that allows a sovereign and democratic ukraine to determine its future and control its territory. not because we want to isolate russia, we don't, but because we want a strong russia that's invested in working with us to strengthen the international

system as a whole. similarly, in the south china sea, the united states makes no claim on territory there. we don't adjudicate claims. but like every nation gathered here, we have an interest in upholding the basic principles of freedom of navigation and the free flow of commerce, and in resolving disputes through international law, not the law of force. so we will defend these principles, while encouraging china and other claimants to resolve their differences peacefully. i say this, recognizing that diplomacy is hard; that the outcomes are sometimes unsatisfying, that it's rarely politically popular. but i believe that leaders of large nations, in particular, have an obligation to take these risks, precisely because we are strong enough to protect our interests if, and when, diplomacy fails. i also believe that to move forward in this new era, we have

to be strong enough to acknowledge when what you're doing is not working. for 50 years, the united states pursued a cuba policy that failed to improve the lives of the cuban people. we changed that. we continue to have differences with the cuban government. we will continue to stand up for human rights. but we address these issues through diplomatic relations, and increased commerce, and people-to-people ties. as these contacts yield progress, i'm confident that our congress will inevitably lift an embargo that should not be in place anymore. [applause] change won't come overnight to cuba, but i'm confident that openness, not coercion, will support the reforms and better

the life the cuban people deserve, just as i believe that cuba will find its success if it pursues cooperation with other nations. now, if it's in the interest of major powers to uphold international standards, it is even more true for the rest of the community of nations. look around the world. from singapore to colombia to senegal, the facts shows that nations succeed when they pursue an inclusive peace and prosperity within their borders, and work cooperatively with countries beyond their borders. that path is now available to a nation like iran, which, as of this moment, continues to deploy violent proxies to advance its interests.

these efforts may appear to give iran leverage in disputes with neighbors, but they fuel sectarian conflict that endangers the entire region, and isolates iran from the promise of trade and commerce. the iranian people have a proud history, and are filled with extraordinary potential. but chanting "death to america" does not create jobs, or make iran more secure. if iran chose a different path, that would be good for the security of the region, good for the iranian people, and good for the world. of course, around the globe, we will continue to be confronted with nations who reject these lessons of history, places where civil strife, border disputes, and sectarian wars bring about terrorist enclaves and humanitarian disasters. where order has completely

broken down, we must act, but we will be stronger when we act together. in such efforts, the united states will always do our part. we will do so mindful of the lessons of the past, not just the lessons of iraq, but also the example of libya, where we joined an international coalition under a u.n. mandate to prevent a slaughter. even as we helped the libyan people bring an end to the reign of a tyrant, our coalition could have and should have done more to fill a vacuum left behind. we're grateful to the united nations for its efforts to forge a unity government. we will help any legitimate libyan government as it works to bring the country together. but we also have to recognize that we must work more effectively in the future, as an international community, to

build capacity for states that are in distress, before they collapse. and that's why we should celebrate the fact that later today the united states will join with more than 50 countries to enlist new capabilities -- infantry, intelligence, helicopters, hospitals, and tens of thousands of troops -- to strengthen united nations peacekeeping. [applause] these new capabilities can prevent mass killing, and ensure that peace agreements are more than words on paper. but we have to do it together. together, we must strengthen our collective capacity to establish security where order has broken down, and to support those who

seek a just and lasting peace. nowhere is our commitment to international order more tested than in syria. when a dictator slaughters tens of thousands of his own people, that is not just a matter of one nation's internal affairs, it breeds human suffering on an order of magnitude that affects us all. likewise, when a terrorist group beheads captives, slaughters the innocent and enslaves women, that's not a single nation's national security problem, that is an assault on all humanity. i've said before and i will repeat -- there is no room for accommodating an apocalyptic

cult like isil, and the united states makes no apologies for using our military, as part of a broad coalition, to go after them. we do so with a determination to ensure that there will never be a safe haven for terrorists who carry out these crimes. and we have demonstrated over more than a decade of relentless pursuit of al qaeda, we will not be outlasted by extremists. but while military power is necessary, it is not sufficient to resolve the situation in syria. lasting stability can only take hold when the people of syria forge an agreement to live together peacefully. the united states is prepared to work with any nation, including russia and iran, to resolve the

conflict. but we must recognize that there cannot be, after so much bloodshed, so much carnage, a return to the prewar status quo. let's remember how this started. assad reacted to peaceful protests by escalating repression and killing that, in turn, created the environment for the current strife. and so assad and his allies cannot simply pacify the broad majority of a population who have been brutalized by chemical weapons and indiscriminate bombing. yes, realism dictates that compromise will be required to end the fighting and ultimately stamp out isil. but realism also requires a managed transition away from assad and to a new leader, and an inclusive government that recognizes there must be an end to this chaos so that the syrian people can begin to rebuild. we know that isil, which emerged

out of the chaos of iraq and syria, depends on perpetual war to survive. but we also know that they gain adherents because of a poisonous ideology. so part of our job, together, is to work to reject such extremism that infects too many of our young people. part of that effort must be a continued rejection by muslims of those who distort islam to preach intolerance and promote violence, and it must also a rejection by non-muslims of the ignorance that equates islam with terror. [applause] this work will take time. there are no easy answers to syria. and there are no simple answers

to the changes that are taking place in much of the middle east and north africa. but so many families need help right now, they don't have time. and that's why the united states is increasing the number of refugees who we welcome within our borders. that's why we will continue to be the largest donor of assistance to support those refugees. and today we are launching new efforts to ensure that our people and our businesses, our universities and our n.g.o.'s can help as well, because in the faces of suffering families, our nation of immigrants sees ourselves. of course, in the old ways of thinking, the plight of the powerless, the plight of refugees, the plight of the marginalized did not matter. they were on the periphery of the world's concerns.

today, our concern for them is driven not just by conscience, but should also be drive by self-interest. for helping people who have been pushed to the margins of our world is not mere charity, it is a matter of collective security. and the purpose of this institution is not merely to avoid conflict, it is to galvanize the collective action that makes life better on this planet. the commitments we've made to the sustainable development goals speak to this truth. i believe that capitalism has been the greatest creator of wealth and opportunity that the world has ever known. but from big cities to rural villages around the world, we also know that prosperity is still cruelly out of reach for too many. as his holiness pope francis reminds us, we are stronger when

we value the least among these, and see them as equal in dignity to ourselves and our sons and our daughters. we can roll back preventable disease and end the scourge of hiv/aids. we can stamp out pandemics that recognize no borders. that work may not be on television right now, but as we demonstrated in reversing the spread of ebola, it can save more lives than anything else we can do. together, we can eradicate extreme poverty and erase barriers to opportunity. but this requires a sustained commitment to our people, so farmers can feed more people, so entrepreneurs can start a business without paying a bribe, so young people have the skills they need to succeed in this modern, knowledge-based economy. we can promote growth through trade that meets a higher standard.

and that's what we're doing through the trans-pacific partnership, a trade agreement that encompasses nearly 40% of the global economy, an agreement that will open markets, while protecting the rights of workers and protecting the environment that enables development to be sustained. we can roll back the pollution that we put in our skies, and help economies lift people out of poverty without condemning our children to the ravages of an ever-warming climate. the same ingenuity that produced the industrial age and the computer age allows us to harness the potential of clean energy. no country can escape the ravages of climate change. and there is no stronger sign of leadership than putting future generations first. the united states will work with every nation that is willing to do its part so that we can come together in paris to decisively confront this challenge.

and finally, our vision for the future of this assembly, my belief in moving forward rather than backwards, requires us to defend the democratic principles succeed.let me start from a simple premise -- catastrophes, like what we are seeing in syria, do not take place in countries where there is genuine democracy and respect for the universal values this institution is supposed to defend. [applause] i recognize that democracy is going to take different forms in different parts of the world. the very idea of a people governing themselves depends upon government giving

expression to their unique culture, their unique history, their unique experiences. but some universal truths are self-evident. no person wants to be imprisoned for peaceful worship. no woman should ever be abused with impunity, or a girl barred from going to school. the freedom to peacefully petition those in power without fear of arbitrary laws, these are not ideas of one country or one culture. they are fundamental to human progress. they are a cornerstone of this institution. i realize that in many parts of the world there is a different view, a belief that strong leadership must tolerate no dissent. i hear it not only from america's adversaries, but

privately at least i also hear it from some of our friends. i disagree. i believe a government that suppresses peaceful dissent is not showing strength, it is showing weakness and fear. history shows. [applause] history shows that regimes that fear their own people will eventually crumble. but strong institutions, built on the consent of the governed, endure long after any one individual is gone. that is why our strongest leaders from george washington to nelson mandela have elevated the importance of building strong, democratic institutions over a thirst for perpetual power.

leaders who amend constitutions to stay in office only acknowledge they have failed to build a successful country for the people. none of us last forever. it tells us that power is something they cling to for its own sake, rather than for the betterment of those they purport to serve. i understand democracy is frustrating. democracy in the united states is certainly imperfect. at times, it can be dysfunctional. but democracy, the constant struggle to extend rights to more people and give more people a voice, is what allowed us to become the most powerful nation in the world. [applause]

it's not simply a matter of principle, it's not an abstraction. inclusive democracy makes country stronger. parties can seek power peacefully through the balance. a country draws upon new ideas. when a free media can inform the public that corruption and abuse are exposed and can be rooted out. when civil society thrives, communities can solve problems that governments cannot necessarily solve alone. when immigrants are welcomed, countries are more productive and vibrant. when girls can go to school and get a job and pursue unlimited opportunity, that is when a country realizes its full potential. [applause] that is what i believe is america's greatest strength. not everybody in america agrees

with me. that is part of democracy. i believe that the fact that you can walk the streets of the city right now, and pass churches and synagogues and temples and mosques where people can worship freely. you can find everybody from everywhere here in new york city. the fact that in this country, everybody can contribute. everybody can participate no matter who they are or what they look like or who they love. that's what makes a strong -- us strong. i believe that what is true for america is possible for all mature democracies. we can be trapped -- proud of our nation's without giving up our position to some other group. we can be patriotic without demonizing someone else. we can cherish our own

identities, our religion and do so without putting others down. our systems are premised on the notion that absolute power will corrupt. but that ordinary people are fundamentally good. that they value family and friendship, fate, and the dignity of hard work. and with appropriate checks and balances, government can reflect this goodness. i believe that the future we must seek together. to believe in the dignity of every individual. to believe we can bridge our differences, and choose cooperation of a conflict. that is not weakness, it is strength.

it is a practical necessity in this interconnected world. and our people understand this. think of the liberian doctor who went door-to-door to search for ebola cases, and to tell families what to do if they show symptoms. think of the iranian shopkeeper who said, after the nuclear deal, god willing, now we'll be able to offer many more goods at better prices. think of the americans who lowered the flag over our embassy in havana in 1961, the year i was born, and returned this summer to raise that flag back up. [applause] one of these men said of the cuban people, "we could do things for them, and they could do things for us. we loved them." for 50 years, we ignored that

fact. think of the families leaving everything they've known behind, risking barren deserts and stormy waters just to find shelter, just to save their children. one syrian refugee who was greeted in hamburg with warm greetings and shelter, said, "we feel there are still some people who love other people." the people of our united nations are not as different as they are told. they can be made to fear, they can be taught to hate, but they can also respond to hope. history is littered with the

failure of false prophets and fallen empires who believed that might always makes right, and that will continue to be the case. you can count on that. but we are called upon to offer a different type of leadership, leadership strong enough to recognize that nations share common interests and people share a common humanity, and, yes, there are certain ideas and principles that are universal. that's what those who shaped the united nations 70 years ago understood. let us carry forward that faith into the future, for it is the only way we can assure that future will be brighter for my children, and for yours. thank you very much. [applause]

>> on behalf of the general assembly, i wish to thank the president of the united states of america for his statement just made. may i ask representatives remain seated while we greet the president. announcer: in contrast, president told a gathering of leaders that there was no alternative to cooperating with the syrian president's military in an effort to defeat isis, which has seized parts of syria and iran. vladimir putin calls for the

creation of an antiterrorist coalition with muslim countries as majority members. [applause] + i have the honor to welcome to the united nations his accident -- excellency vladimir putin and invite him to address the assembly. >> your excellency, mr. president, mr. secretary general, distinguished heads of state and government. ladies and gentlemen. the anniversary of the united to talkis an occasion

about history and talk about our future. countries joint efforts to create accommodations for the post-war world that we remind you that the key decisions on of cooperations of states and the establishment of the united nations were made in our country. it was born at the cost of tens and millions of lives. it helped that humanity through turbulent times -- it saves the world from upheaval.

is unique intions its legitimacy, representation. true that the u.n. has been criticized for not being efficient, that the decision-making of fundamental issues stalls to two insurmountable differences among the members. however, i would like to point out that there have always been differences throughout all of these years. -- has always been exercised by the u.s., the u.k., france, china, the soviet union. it is absolutely natural for so

diverse and representative an organization -- its founders did not think there had always been unanimity. the purpose is to reach taking different views and opinions and consideration. decisions debated are either taken as resolutions are not. actions states might and defiedlegitimate international law. the end of the cold war, everybody was aware of a single center of domination. those who found themselves at the top of the pyramid were that if theyink

were so exceptional, they knew better and they did not have to reckon with the united nations itsead of legitimizing necessity often creating obstacles or in other words terms in the way. it has become commonplace to see that in its original form, has become obsolete and completed his historical mission. the world is changing. the u.n. must be consistent with this transformation. russia is ready to work together with partners on consensus. we consider the attempts to undermine the legitimacy of the organization is extremely dangerous. it could lead to a collapse of international relations.

they were be no other rules left with the rule of four we get a world dominated by selfishness. a world increasingly dictated by -- then equality. they would be less democracy and freedom. it is basically about freedom. and the right to feel one's own future for every person or nation. colleagues, the question of the onealled legitimacy -- should not play with her manipulate words.

turn in international law and have transparent uniformly understood -- we are all different and we should respect that. conform to the only right one. we should all remember what our fathers taught us. we must also remember episodes from the history of the soviet union, social experiments and attempts to push changes and other countries based on ideological preferences, often leading to tragic consequences. into degradation rather than progress. however, from learning from others mistakes, everybody just keeps repeating them.

so-called democratic revolutions continued. the situation in the middle east such politicala, and social problems have been piling up for a long time. people wished for changes, naturally. rather thanurn out? , there has been a brazen destruction of national institutions and set of the triumph of democracy, we have violence, poverty. nobody cares a bit about human rights including the right to life. those, doelp asking you realize what you have done?

i'm afraid nobody is going to answer that. policies based on punitively have been abandoned. that the power has been filled with extremists and terrorists. tens of thousands of militants are fighting under the banner of the so-called islamic state. servicemen who were thrown out into the street after -- in 2003. libya,ruits come from whose country that was destroyed. -- and now the ranks

have been joined by the members of the so-called moderate syrian opposition supported by the western countries. first they armed and trained and then they defect to the so-called islamic state. besides the islamic state itself did not just come from nowhere. it was also initially forged as a tool against undesirable secular regimes. having established a foothold in iraq and syria, the islamic state has become active in other regions. it's seeking dominance in the islamic world. it goes further than that. the situation is more than dangerous. in these circumstances it is hypothetical and irresponsible to make loud declarations about the threat of international terrorism while turning a blind eye to the channels of financing and supporting terrorists, including the proceeds of trafficking and illicit trade in oils and arms. it will be equally irresponsible to try to manipulate extreme

groups and place them among service in order to achieve political goals in the hope of later dealing with them or, in other words, liquidating them. to those who do so, i would like to say dear sirs, no doubt you are dealing with rough and cruel people. but they are no way primitive. they are just as clever as you are. you never know who is manipulating whom. there is data of arms transferred to this most moderate opposition is the best proof of it. we believe that any attempts to play games with terrorists, to arm them, are not just shortsighted. this may result in the global terrorist threat increasing

dramatically and engulfing new regions, especially give the islamic state camps train militants from many countries, including the european countries. russia is not an exception. we cannot allow these criminals who already tasted blood to return home and continue their evil doings. no one wants this to happen. no one but president assad's forces we know all about the troubles.

resisting those just like the nazis so evil and hatred of humankind. what we propose is to be guided by common values and interests rather than ambition. we must join efforts to her dress the problems that all of us are facing and create

generally broad international coalition against terrorism. similar to the anti-hitler coalition, it would unite forces that resist those just like the -- nazis so evil and hatred of humankind. and naturally, the modern countries are to play a key role in the coalition. also because the islamic state does not only pose a direct threat to them, but also desecrates one -- against terrorism. similar to the coalition it could unite a broad range of forces that is the greatest world religions by its bloody crimes. it makes a mockery of islamists from its true humanistic values. i would like to address the muslim leaders as well. your authority and your guidance are of great importance right now. it is essential to prevent people recruited by militants from making hasty decisions and those who have already been deceived and who, due to various standards, found themselves

among terrorists need help in finding a way back to normal life, laying down arms, and putting an end to if fratricide. russia will shortly convene as the current president of the security council and ministerial meeting to carry out a comprehensive analysis of threats in the middle east. first of all, we propose discussing whether it's possible to agree on the resolution named at coordinating the actions of all the forces that confront the islamic state and other terrorist organizations. once again, this ordination should be based on the principles of the u.n. charter. we hope that the international community will be able to develop a comprehensive strategy of political stabilization as well as social and economic recovery. then, dear friend, there would be no need for new refugee camps. today the flow of people who were forced to leave their homeland has literally engulfed neighboring countries and then europe itself.

there are hundreds of thousands of them now and there might be millions before long. in fact, it is a new great and tragic migration of people. and it is a harsh lesson for all of us, including europe. i would like to stress refugees undoubtedly need our compassion and support. however, the only way to solve this problem at a fundamental level is to restore the statehood where it has been destroyed, the government institutions where they still exist or being re-established to provide comprehensive assistance of military, economic, and material nature to countries in a difficult situation and certainly to those people who, besides all the orr deals, will not abandon their homes. literally, any assistance to sovereign states can and must be offered rather than imposed exclusively and solely in

accordance with the u.n. charter. in other words, everything in this field that has been done and will be done pursuant to the norms of international law must be supported by our organization. he above all, i believe it is of the utmost importance to help restore government's institutions in libya, support the new government of iraq, and provide comprehensive assistance to the legitimate government of syria. dear colleagues, ensuring peace and regional and global stability remains the key of the international community with the u.n. we believe this means creating a face of equal and invisible security which is not for the select few yet it is a time consuming task. but there is no other alternative. however the thinking of the times of the cold war and -- political areas is still present among some of our colleagues. plus they continue their policy

of expanding nato -- soviet union has collapsed and nevertheless nato continues expanding as well as its military infrastructure than they offered the poor soviet countries a false choice either to be with the west or the east. sooner or later the logic of confrontation was bound to spark a. this is what happened in ukraine where the discontent of population with the current authorities was used and the military coup was orchestrated from outside and a civil war result. i'm confident that only through implementation of the minks agreement of february 12, 2015, can put an end to the blood shed and find a way out. ukraine's territorial integrity cannot -- what is needed to the

genuine consideration for the interest and rise of the people and respect to their choice. there is a need to coordinate with them as provided for the key element of the country's political structure. these will guarantee that ukraine will develop as a civilized state, as essential link and building a common space of security and economic cooperation both in europe and euroasia. ladies and gentlemen, i have mentioned these common space economic agreement on purpose. not long ago it seems that in the economic fear with its objective market laws we left without dividing lines. we will build on transparent and jointly formulated rules, including the w.t.o. principles for the freedom of trade, investment, and open competition.

nevertheless, today, it has become more commonplace in addition to pursuing political objective, these sanctions serve as a means of eliminating competitors. i would like to point out another sign of growing economic selfishness. some countries have chosen to create growth and exclusive economic association. with a negotiation behind the scenes in secret from its own citizens, business community, and other countries. other states whose interests may be affected are not informed of anything, either. it seems that we are about to be faced with an accomplished fact that the rules of game have been changed in favor of a group of the privileged with the w.t.o. having no say. this could unbalance the trade system completely and disintegrate the global economy. these issues affect the interest of all faiths and influence the future of the world economy as a

whole. that is why we propose discussing them within the u.n., w.t.o., and g-20. contrary to the policy of exclusiveness, russia proposes original economic project. i refer to the so-called integration of integration based on universal and transparent rules of international trade. as an example, i would like to cite our plans to interconnect the eurasian economic conclusion. we still believe that harmonizing the integration process within the eurasian economic union and european union is highly promising. ladies and gentlemen, the issues that effect the future of all people include the challenge of global climate change. it is in our interest to make the u.n. climate change conference to be held in december in paris a success. as part of our national contribution, we plan to reduce by 2030 the greenhouse gas

emissions to 70%, 75% of the 1990 level. i suggest, however, we should take a wider view on this issue. yes, we might diffuse the problem for a while by setting quotas on harmful emissions, taking other measures. but we will not solve it that way. we need a completely different approach. we have to focus on introducing fundamental and new technologies which will not damage the environment but would be in harmony with it. also they would allow us to restore the balance between the biosphere by human activities. it is a challenge. but i'm confident humankind has intellectual potential to

address it. we need to join our efforts. i refer to the states that have a solid research basis and that have made significant advances in fundamental science. we propose convening a special forum for a comprehensive consideration of the issues related to the depletion of natural resources, destruction of habitat, and climate change. russia would be red host such a forum. ladies and gentlemen, colleagues, it was on the 10th of january, 1946, in london, that the u.n. general assembly gathered for its first session. a columbian diplomat and chairman of the commission opened the session by giving, i believe, a definition of the basic principles that the u.n. should follow which are free will, and spirit of cooperation.

today his words sound as a guidance for all of us. russia believes in the huge potential of the united nations which should help us avoid a new global confrontation and engage in strategic operation. together with other countries we'll consistently work towards central coordinating role of the u.n. i'm confident by working together we will make the world's stable and safe as well as provide conditions for the development of all states and nations. thank you. [applause] announcer: we heard vladimir putin that unrest in ukraine is because a vote military coup. it -- the ukrainian president will speak tomorrow. more from the united nations in a minute.

the president of planned parenthood will testify before a house committee tomorrow. republican members of congress have offered numerous hills to defund the group because of what they say is the sale of fetal tissue. the congressional budget office estimates that planned parenthood receives about $450 million a year from the government. our live coverage tomorrow at 10:00. a signature feature of book tv as our coverage of fairs and festivals from across the country with top nonfiction offers. here is our schedule. in october, the festival of books in nashville. after that, we are live from austin. we're the end of the month, will be covering to festivals on the same weekend. back on the east coast, the

boston book festival. at the start of november, we will be in portland, oregon for word stock followed by the national book awards from new york. at the end of november we are live for the 18th year from florida for the miami book fair international. that is a few of the festivals this fall on book tv. our coverage of the united nations continues with iranian president us on romney. he bullet -- president rouhani. a --ames -- the wars in the u.s. alliance with israel about extremist ideologies to grow.

president rouhani: the most compassionate, most merciful, praise be to allah, and peace and greetings to prophet muhammad. mr. president, i am speaking on behalf of a great nation. who is mourning the loss of thousands of muslim pilgrims and hundreds of its own citizens. old, young, men, and women who have come together in the grand and global spiritual gathering of the hajj. but unfortunately fell victims to the incompetence and mismanagement of those in charge.

due to their unaccountability, even the missing cannot be identified and the expeditious return of the bodies of the deceased to their mourning families has been prevented. the scope of a islamity in which thousands of innocent people from the four corners of the world has been killed and wounded is so broad that it cannot be dealt with as a natural disaster or local issue. the pain and emotional distress inflicted on millions of muslims is greater than what can be repaired nearly through material calculations. public opinion demands that saudi arabia -- saudi arabian officials promptly fulfill their international obligations and grant immediate counselor access for the expeditious identification and return of the

cherished bodies and remains. moreover, it is necessary that the conditions are prepared for an independent and precise investigation into the causes of this disaster and ways of preventing its repetition in the future. mr. president, distinguished secretary general, excellencies, ladies and gentlemen, i am speaking on behalf of a nation that two years ago, again, voted for constructive engagement with the world and i can now proudly announce that today a new chapter has started in iran's relations with the world. two years ago the people of iran in a competitive election with

their votes gave me a mandate for consolidating peace and constructive engagement with the world while pursuing national rights, interests, and security. this national will manifested itself through a careful and clear diplomatic effort which results -- resulted in the joint comprehensive plan of action between the islamic republic of iran and six world powers that was immediately turned into an international instrument with the ratification of the united nations security council. from the standpoint of international law, this instrument sets a strong precedent wherefore the first time two sides rather than negotiating peace after war engaged in dialogue and understanding before the

eruption of conflicts. at this point i deem it necessary to recognize the rome of all the -- role of all the negotiators in achieving this agreement. we had decided to bring about a you new environment while maintaining our principles and we succeeded in doing so. where necessary, we moved forward and where necessary we showed the courage for flexibility. at each point we made use of the full capacity of international law and showcased the potentials of constructed -- constructive dialogue. the key point regarding the success of dialogue is the fact that any actor in the international system who pursues maximalist demands and does not allow space for the other side

cannot speak of peace, stability, and development. as in commerce and economic activity where the interests of both parties should be taken into account, in politics and international relations, as well as multilateralism and win-win solutions should be the basis of engagement. mr. president, the united nations was established to sustain global peace and security after two world wars. but, unfortunately, it must be said that in most cases this important international institution has not been successful or effective.

this time, however, the united nations made the right decision. though we protest the adoption of unfair resolutions against the islamic republic of iran, and the imposition of sanctions against the iranian nation and government as a result of misunderstandings and sometimes overt hostilities of some countries, however, we believe as an old iranian saying goes, the sooner you stop harm, the more benefit you will reap. today is the very day that harm is stopped. security council resolution 2231, despite some significant shortcomings, was an important development in the basis for terminating sanctions imposing resolutions against iran. we consider as unfair the unconduct of the security council in the past and insist that iran, due to the important fatwa of its leader, and its defense doctrine, has never had the intention of producing a nuclear weapon and therefore sanctioned resolutions against iran were unjust and illegal.

sanctions by the security council and unilateral sanctions by some countries were based on elusive and baseless allegations and created difficulty conditions for our people. but these sanctions never in any way affected the policy that we adopted and the approach we took towards negotiations. we proved in these negotiations there is nothing on iran's table other than logic, reason, and ethics and where necessary legitimate and decisive self-defense against any kind of aggression.

for which the united states was prompted and forced to set aside and choose that they will have negotiations. we expended time and capital in these negotiations and therefore, they should exert their utmost effort to protect and implement the agreement. we deem the compliance of all parties with their commitment as the fundamental factor in the success of the implementation process of the negotiations. parallel to the implementation of the plan of action, we also expect nuclear states to take necessary steps to fulfill commitments of full disarmament based on article six of the nonproliferation treaty.

furthermore, we expect them to play a positive role in the creation of a nuclear notons-free middle east and to remainhe zionists the only impediment in the way initiative. this mr. president, the nuclear deal, which is a brilliant example of victory over war, has managed to hostilityhe clouds of and perhaps even the specter of another war and tensions. herald acan and should new era and lead to positive outcomes regarding the establishment of sustainable peace and stability in the region. from our point of view, the agreed-upon deal is not the

final objective but a development which can and should .e debated considering the fact that this deal has created an objective basis and set an appropriate model, and conserve as the basis for foundational change in the region. continue our to peace-seeking efforts in the region based on the same win-win principle, and acting in ways that will lead to the world benefiting from these conditions. this opportunity can be seized in order to look to the future and avoid focusing on the past and rebuild our relationships with countries in the region, particularly with our neighbors based on mutual respect and our

common and collective interests. the middle east and north africa has turned into one of the worlds most turbulent regions. with the continuation and intensification of the current conditions, the turmoil can spread to other parts of the world. in today's interconnected and borderless world, countries and regions encounter great difficulty in protecting borders and preventing the spread of insecurity and instability. gravest and most important threat to the world today is terrorist organizations, to become terrorist states. it unfortunately for national uprisings in our region to be deviated by terrorism and

for the destiny of nations to be determined by arms and 10 or. we propose terror. that the fight against terrorism be incorporated into a binding international document and no country be allowed to use terrorism for the purpose of intervention in the affairs of another country. assist in thed to eradication of terrorism and in paving the way for democracy and arms do nott dictate the course of events in a region. as we aid in the establishment of democracy in iraq and afghanistan, we are prepared to help bring about democracy in .yria, as well as yemen we support the consolidation of power through people rather than

arms. we defend the rule of the majority that respects the rights of minorities. safeguardingwhile cultural heritage is looking to the future. not only the distant future but also the near future, with a bright outlook for operation and existence. nations and all governments, that we will not forget the past, but we do not wish to live in the past. we will not forget war and sanctions, but we look to peace and development. through the joint comprehensive plan of action, we were not solely seeking a nuclear deal. suggest a new, constructive way to re-create the international order.

and order based on pitcher will respect, not intervention in the internal affairs of others as on sustained cooperation and coexistence between the members of the united nations. in order to build a peaceful learn, we we must lessons from the past. we know that the only way to perpetuate peace is through development, peace without development is nearly -- merely a recess. however, peace alongside development let's anger and resentment dissipate and be replaced with hope and respect for others. repeatedly said that the only way to operate terrorism in the middle east is by targeting

its underlying social, economic, and cultural causes. economic interaction may bring about security and transform the region into a haven for peace and development. after the joint comprehensive plan of action, iran will show that the practical path to security and stability is through the development that comes with economic engagement. iran, with all of its cultural potential, is well-positioned to become a hub for export-oriented investment. iran is eager to show that we can all choose lasting peace based on development and shared interest that will lead to a sustainable, rather than volatile peace based on threats. we hope to engage with our neighbors in a wide range of

social and economic cooperation which will enable the achievement of political and for even -- evenfoster -- even foster cooperation. president, in 2013, from this stage, i called for combating violence and extremism. consequently, you the representatives of the international community unanimously gave it a seal of endorsement. the resolution came to be. the implementation of wave requires well-intentioned solutions and the use of

experiences gained in the realm of this policy. i amply that by placing together the support for the joint comprehensive plan of action with the invaluable support for plan we may now devise a to resolve the problems of a shattered middle east under the clause of brutality and savagery. fighting ignorance, dictatorship, poverty, terrorism, violence, and social, political, cold troll, economic security impacts, i would like to invite the whole world and especially the countries of my region to form a joint, comprehensive plan of action to create a united front against extremism and violence. this front must create a collective, global movement to tackle regional problems in a serious manner through dialogue.

the slaughter of innocent people and the bombardment of civilians as well as the promotional violence and killing of other human beings , inthe stability cooperation with established essential governments, to maintain stability. established,y is diplomacy and democratic governance in the middle east region. ladies and gentlemen, iraq, syria, and yemen are examples of crises being sold through terror. bloodshed, innovation, and indifference of the international community -- they displaying examples cases of displaced a homelessness and fleeing from the horrors of war and compartment. of their problems have persisted because the international community has failed them and

because of incorrect actions of newcomers to the region and naive trans regional actors. consequently, the wave of destruction has gone beyond the arab world and has reached europe and the united states and has resulted in the destruction of the relics of stability and ancient civilizations and more broadly, has resulted in the death of humanity itself. we must not forget that the roots of today's wars, destruction, and timber can be found in the occupation and military intervention of yesterday. if we did not have the u.s. military invasion of afghanistan states and the united unwarranted support for the inhumane actions of the zionist regime against the oppressed nation of palestine, the terrorists would not have an

excuse for the justification of their crimes. it is urgent for the united states government instead of explaining the truth of the region and throwing about baseless accusations and pursuing other dangerous policies and defense of its regional allies who cultivate toeit, this must be brought an and in its actions must be made compatible with the realities of the region. mr. president, despite the many problems in our region, we believe in a promising future. we have no doubts we can overcome the obstacles by wisdom and prudence as well as by the use of new and powerful capacities and by relying upon our civilizational rules and our serious resolve, we in light of

divine revelation have faith in humanity's future in which people live in peace, tranquility, and spirituality. we believe in the will of nations to take the path of goodness and purity. we believe that ultimate victory will be one by those with good nature and piety. think you all -- thank you all for your attention. [applause] announcer: the president of planned parenthood will testify before a house committee tomorrow. republican congress members have offered numerous bills to defund the group because of what they say is the sale of fetal tissue for medical research.

the congressional budget office estimates that they receive about $450 million a year from the federal government. our live coverage tomorrow. after his visit in washington, chinese president xi jinping spoke about global development and quite old -- climate change. [applause] dear xi jinping: , theagues, 70 years ago earlier generations of my kind thought aerobically secured a victory of the worlds, anti-fascists, thus closing a

dark page in the annals of human history. that victory was a hard one. 70 years ago, the earlier generation of my kind had the foresight to establish the united nations. this universal and representative and authoritative international organization has carried my kind's hope for a future and ushered in an era of cooperation. it was a pioneering initiative never undertaken before. 70 years ago, the earlier generation of my kind pulled wisdom and adopted the charter of the united nations, laying the cornerstones of the contemporary international order and establishing the fundamental principles of contemporary international relations. this was an achievement of profound impact. colleagues,t, dear

on the third of september, the chinese people together with the world's people solidly commemorated the 70th anniversary of the victory of chinese represent -- chinese resistance against -- ,s the main theater in the east china made a national sacrifice of over 35 million casualties in its fight against japanese militarism. it not only saved itself and its people from subjugation, but also gave strong support for the forces against aggression in the pacific theaters. thus making historic contributions to the victories of the world's anti-fascist war. history is a mirror. only by drawing lessons from history can the world avoid repeating past calamity. we should review history with

awe and caution. changed, butot be the future can be shaped. mind is notory in to perpetuate hatred, rather, it is for mankind not to forget its lesson. remembering history does not we aim to pass the torch of peace from generation to generation. mr. president, dear colleagues, the united nations has gone through the test of time over the past seven decades. it has witnessed efforts made by all countries to uphold peace, pursue peace, and build homeland cooperation. having reached a new historical starting point, the united

nations needs to address the central issue of how to better promote world peace and development in the 21st century. the world is going through a historical process of accelerated evolution. the peace and progress will be powerful enough to penetrate the and s of war, poverty, backwardness. the movement was a multiwar, and the rise of developing countries irresistable rend of history.

there are new challenges we must face. the idea is to create a world truly shared by all. peace, democracy, freedom are he commonalities of man kind and the goals of the united nations. yet, these goals are far from being achieved, and we must continue our endeavor to meet them. n today's world, all countries are interdependent and share a common future. builds a new er title for win-win cooperation. a community of shared future for mankind. to achieve this goal, we need to make the following effort. e should build partnerships in

which countries treat each other as equals and show mute twal understanding. the principal of sovereign understanding underpins the charter. ll countries are equals. the strong and rich should not bully the small and poor. the principle of sovereignty not only means the sovereignty and territory of all countries are inviolable and their internal affairs are not subject to interference, it also means that all countries like to independently treat systems and social tasks should be upheld. [applause]

we should adopt new provisions for win-win outcomes and reject the outdated mind set means one's gain is the other's loss or that winner shall take all. complication is an important form of democracy. and it should also become an important means of exercising contemporary international government. we should resolve these differences without confrontation. we should forge a global partnership and embrace a new

approach to state-to-state relations, one that features dialogue rather than confrontation. major countries should follow the principles of no conflict, confrontation and win cooperation in handling their negotiations. should treat small countries as equals and take a right approach to justice. [applause] we should create a future with shared benefits. in the age of global economics, all countries are interlinked and have an impact on one another.

no country can maintain absolute -- no country can achieve stability out of another country's instability. the law of the jungle leaves the weak at the mercy of the strong. it is p the way for countries to conduct their relations. those that use force will find they are only lifting a rock from under their own feet. we should abandon cold war mentality and foster a new vision of common, cooperative, and sustainable security. we should give full flight to the central world of the united nations and its security council in ending conflict and keeping peace.

so as to turn hostility into amnity. we should find international cooperation in international and social sales and take a holistic approach to addressing traditional and non-traditional security threats to prevent conflicts from breaking out in the first place. we should promote open, innovative, and inclusive development that benefits all. the 2008 international crisis has taught us that allowing countries to blindly pursue profit can only create a crisis and that global prosperity cannot be built on the shaky foundation of a market without moral constrainted -- constraints. the brewing gas between rich and

poor is both unsustainable and unfair. it is important for us to use both the invisible hand and the visible hand to form synergy between market forces and government function and strive to achieve both efficiency and airness. development is meaningful only when it is sustainable and inclusive. to achieve such inclusion twal s openness, mute assistance, and cooperation. in the world today, close to 800 million people still live in extreme poverty.

nearly six million kids die before the age of 5 each year and nearly 60 million children are unable to go to school. the just concluded u.n. sustainable summit that adopted he post-2015 agenda. we must translate our commitments into actions and work together to ensure that everyone is free from want, everyone has access to development, and everyone lives with dignity. [applause] we should increase intercivilization exchange to promote harmony and respect for differences. the world is simply more colorful as a result of its cultural diversity. diversity breeds exchanges.

exchanges create integration, and integration makes progress ossible. in their interacks, civilizations must respect differences. only through diversity can the world maintain many and survive. no civilization is superior to thers. different civilizations should have dialogue instead of trying to replace each other. the history of man kind is a process of exchanges, interactions, and intergration amufpk -- integration among different civilizations.

we should respect all civilizations and treat each other as equals. we should draw inspiration from each other to boost the creative development of human civilization. should build abeco-system that puts mother nature and green development first. man kind may utilize the nature and try to transform it, but we are, after all, a part of the ature. we should care for nature and not place ourselves above it. we should reconcile industrial evelopment with nature and pursue harmony between man and nature to achieve sustainable development of the world and the all-around development of man.

to build a sound ecoling is vital to man kind's future. all members of the international community should work together to build a sound global eco environment. we should protect nature. we should firmly pursue green, and rbon, circular sustainable development. china will shoulder its share of responsibility, and china will continue to play its part in his common endeavor. we also urge global communities to honor their emission reduction commitments and help developing countries mitigate and adapt to climate change.

[applause] mr. president, dear colleagues, the over 1.3 billion chinese people and more are endeavoring to recognize the chinese dream f great international renewal. the dream of the chinese people is closely connected with the dreams of other peoples of the world. we cannot recognize the dream of the chinese people without a stable international order and the understanding, support, and help from the rest of the world. the realize zation of the chinese dream will -- the realization of the chinese dream will contribute to global peace and development.

china will continue to participate in building world peace. we are committed to peaceful development, no matter how the international landscape may evolve and how strong china may ecome, china will never pursue expansion or sphere of influence. [applause] china will continue to contribute to global development and the win-win strategy of opening up. we are willing to share our development, experience, and opportunities with other countries. and we welcome other countries to board china's express train

so all of us will achieve financial development. [applause] we will stay committed to the peaceful path. china was the first country to put its signature on the u.n. charter. we will continue to uphold the principles of the u.n. charter. quha will continue to stand together with other developing countries. we firmly support greater representation and voice of developing countries, especially african countries in the ternational governans -- governance system.

i wish to take this opportunity to announce china's decision to establish a 10-year, $1 billion u.s. dollars, cha-cha-u.n.-peace development fund to support the unup's work. to advance multilateral ooperation and develop development, i also wish to announce that china will join the new u.n. peacekeeping capability readiness system. and has thus decided to take the

lead in setting up a permanent peacekeeping police squad and form a peacekeeping standby force. of 8,000 troops. i also wish to announce that china will provide eye total of $100 million u.s. dollars of free military assistance in the union in the next five years to support the african immediate esponse to crisis. mr. president, dear colleagues, as the united nations enters a new decade, let us unite even

more closely to forge a new partnership of win-win ofperation and ape community hared future for man kind. let the vision of a world free of war take root in our heart. let fairness spread acrs the world. thank you all. [applause] >> on behalf of the general ssembly, i wish to thank xi

inping of china. [applause] 6 >> cuban president rau castro. his remarks are about 20 minutes. >> twished heads of delegations,

mr. secretary general of the united nations, president, it was 70 years ago that on behalf of their peoples, the member states of this organization signed the united nations charter. we pledged ourselves to preserve future generations from the scourge of war and to build a , guided of relationship by a set of principles and that should bring about an era of peace and justice for ll humanity. however, from that moment there has been wars of aggression and interference in the affairs of the state. we have witnessed the ousting of

overeign governments by force. d the recolonizations of trarets. and under the pretext of alleged human rights violations. the covert and illegal use of folings to attack other states is unacceptable. we need to advance and protect uman rights.

despite the fact that the arter calls us to reaffirm fundamental human rights and the dignity and worth of a human person, to millions of people, the fulfillment of human rights emains a utopia. humanity is denied the right to live and peace and the right of development. it is actually poverty and inequality that is the cause of conflict. conflict generated by colonializim and the plundering f regional people. the commitment made in 1945 to promote social progress and better standards of life for the

people along with their economic and social sveltement remain an illusion when 795 million people go hungry. are llion adults illiterate, and 71,000 children perish every day from cureable iseases. annual military expenses worldwide amount to $1.7 rillion. barely a fraction of that figure could actually resolve the most pressing problems afflicting umanity.

it was usually presented as the model to imitate has practically disappeared. the election system and traditional parties that rely on money and publicity are growing increasingly detatched and distant from the aspirations of heir people. this is threatening the very existence of human species, and the differentiated esponsibilities for this reality since there is an indisputable reality and not every country is equally accountable. the complications of climate

change has a particularly devastating effect on the small, eveloping, island nations. the same is happening in africa th the relentless advance of desertification. we stand in solidarity with our care peen brothers and demand they are treated in a different and differentials way. we support the african countries and demand fair treatment of them as well as the development of technology and financial resources.

the development of states, and etchly designing by the heads and states of government in 2014 of the proclamation of latin america and the care -- shows we can move beyond our differences toward unit, and not only that, but toward the achievement of common goals while still respecting our diversity. [applause] we reaffirm our steadfast commitment to the principles in the united nations charter and international law to settle isputes. and our belief that full respect

for the inalienable right of for their cultural assistance is an essential .remise to ensure -- and pursued by

the president for the benefit of the venezuelan people. likewise, our firm and unlimited geez to the the citizens of ecuador and its leader who has -- and he target of forced against other progressive governments of the region. we stand in solidarity with the

caribbean nations. basically in a world where racial discrimination and repression against communities scendants has increased. we reaffirm our commitment that the people of puerto rico be free and independent after more than a century of colonial omination. we stand in solidarity with the republic of argentina in its fair claim over the south georgia and south sandwich islands. we reintegrate our support, too, in solidarity with president and the brazilian people in of their

achievements and the stability f their country. we reaffirm our intention to the expanse of nato to the russian borders. we welcome the so-called nuclear agreement with the islamic epublic of rein -- iran. that ovate our confidence the syrian people are capable of resolving their dispute by themselves and we demand external influence in that country.