plan match. that is powered by the washington consumer checkbook. it is very similar t what carrie described for kentucky. our customer or potential customer can go on dchealthl and pu tin th -- put in their information and the tool will give you all health plans ranked in order. it will give you your total anticipated cost. it will give you that for an average year, as well as a bad year. we believe that kind of consumer empowerment tool will help our

customers make better decisions. 136 year, we will have group health plans and 26 different individual plans. when you have that many options, we know an shows that it is overwhelming. we heard that from our customers currently. we heard it from our broken partners -- broker partners, our navigators, and our assistance. next year, we will be launching something similar. for 2016, we will also have new standardized plans. that means standardized benefits , as well as out-of-pocket expenses, that will help our customers make more informed decisions, compare apples to apples. in our first year of operation, we had semi-standard products.

the benefits had to be the same in the essential health benefits benchmark -- no substitutions. co-pays and other out-of-pocket costs very. although that was helpful, it was not the complete tools some needed to make good decisions. same thingsed the as kentucky. folks chose platinum when they had few opportunities to get medical care. they did not need it, they were healthy. others chose bronze and ended up paying more out-of-pocket than they should have had they made a better decision. our products are very diverse. everything from high deductible health plans to zero deductible nationwide networks, as well as regional networks from all major carriers. due, in largeare

part, to our partners. good relationships with government agencies, elected officials, the faith-based community, navigators. when we have sunday enrollment events, our numbers always go up in terms of number of applications completed and plan selection. we have strong partnerships with all of the largest chambers in the district of columbia and the national association of health underwriter training for brokers. significantlyd us with our broker community. i think i am out of time. >> do you need another moment? >> if i could borrow some of your extra time. thank you. [laughter] >> i did try to talk fast. we learned many lessons from the first two open enrollments.

last year, what was successful was having storefronts with regular hours, so a person anywhere in the city could go to a storefront and know someone would be there, i the rape ,roker -- either a broker navigator, or assister. another event where we bring together medicaid, brokers, navigators, and assisters. don't letmeans you the person leave until they are fully taken care of. if they need identity proofing, we are right there to do that. if they need health plan selection, we are right there to do that. we did many creative things like 24-hour enrollment events. which means, for 24 hours we were in one part of the city --

clubs, bars, diners -- doing enrollment events. that helped us with younger populations. from super bowl sunday -- on super bowl sunday if you order pizza from some locations, you got a flyer about enrollment and we saw an influx in our data when we looked to see if that worked. we targeted specific populations know have a higher rate of uninsurance. we did special events that selma opening, we had boys to men -- men barbershop day. we did valentine's day. "if you love someone, make sure they have health insurance." it was better slogans than that, but you get the idea. [laughter] >> at all of the college bowls, we were doing education and open

enrollment. , we haveenrollment even a bigger challenge. we are looking for folks who are hiding from us. we haven't found you. our effort is going to focus on each one, link one. reach a family member, reach a neighbor. it is going to be more localized. we are expanding our social networking community with social media and digital campaign efforts. we have learned a whole lot that certain populations use certain types of communication. the greater washington hispanic chamber is going to be a bunch of texting for us. it is a major way that the latino community communicates. facebook, butt texting. we will be expanding our social and digital campaign.

ad. one a local business that makes customized dress shirt for men only. businesses. local .upcakes, several breweries if you are a beer drinker, you are probably getting it from one of our customers. many people in our ads are folks who are entrepreneurs who could not leave their jobs before and now have that freedom to pursue their dreams because they have stable coverage through us. with that, i will conclude. >> thank you.

we will now open up to take your questions. you can samiti question on a green card. -- submit a question on a green card. you can tweet a question. we already have a question. >> [indiscernible] [indiscernible] >> i'm sorry. i don't have any data on that.

i know in the trade literature, there have been a number of articles about increased use of mental health services. i can't give you any numbers. i can't cite any studies that gave us numbers that i can recall. >> anybody else? two questions. yeah. we don't have any numbers. have will tell you that we a behavioral health subcommittee under our advisory board that meets and we have had conversations regarding mental health parity. ournowledge -- to knowledge, we are not having any issues with mental health parity in kentucky. we do have a meeting scheduled on november 9th.

together staff and the medicaid organizations to have a fuller discussion on mental health parity. >> thank you for your question. 2013, one of our working groups was looking at mental health and substance abuse issues. early on, we decided that we were not going to allow day limits. that wasfirst day, part of the requirement in the district. we, like kentucky, are monitoring everything. one of our high-priority areas olks who have mental health, substance abuse needs. often times -- and this is back to our state insurance regulator days -- that that particular

segment of the population does not always call you when they need help. it is extra important if the local societies are hearing of issues, even though it is anecdotal, it will help us tremendously to monitor if there is a problem. i would encourage you to get in touch with us. >> let's go to this microphone. thank you. i'm just wondering about how enrollment in the exchanges evolved over the year. in the first year, there was a high water mark at the end of open enrollment and then you lose people. is that persistent and what explains that? >> i'll take a stand that it. -- stab at it. people do move in and out of the marketplaces. people of always move in and out of the private insurance market.

people who may have moved in in march or in january may find another source of coverage halfway through the year and leave. what we don't know or the number of people leaving because of the plan itself. i think that is a question. the market has really been characterized by a lot of fluctuation, historically. >> we hae had some movement -- have had some movement. we had a slight decrease based on some numbers from cms. that is pretty typical. we try to track that as best we can. >> for us, as well. in d c, after open enrollment, we have high-volume coming in through special enrollment periods. and 1000etween 500 people coming in after open

enrollment, which is significant for us. anecdotally, people who end up losing their coverage, not because they have a job or move away, but because they missed paying their premium, they lost their source of income, or their , i'm seeing changed about 10-15 people per month. denials all of the before the person is denied access to coverage. met is a growing concern for , even though it is 10-15 people per month. it tells me that affordability is still an issue and we may have to look at policy intervention to catch people when they have a bad period. we should not force them to wait six or eight months to get back

in during open enrollment. >> this is a question i hope a few of you can address. we recently learned that cms has a $2.5 billion shortfall in payments. i was wondering if you could talk about how this might affect premiums going forward. itso, i don't think that request -- so -- the for risk order payments going out exceeds dramatically the money coming in from the risk order program. suggests that premiums were understated. hasthe fact now that cms said they will only be paying a portion of those requests should, in itself, have an

effect on 2016 premiums. because the information that insurers had to set their 2016 premiums was kind of the same whenhtey had -- they had submitting their risk order requests. that should not have an effect on premiums. where you will see more of an effect is off the solvency side. especially for the small and newer plans who expected to be getting risk order payments and now are receiving only a portion of those. that may be more of a concern that we need to look at. the cms one-page statement they put out had really the top line information about how much was requested, how much they expect to receive. i'm hoping, in the future, they will provide a little more information that we can understand a little better what

is driving these numbers. is the transition poly that i talked about driving some of this? so being able to examine those numbers by whether the plan was in a stage that had a transition policy would be very helpful in better understanding these numbers. in 2014, that transition policy occurred after 2014 premiums were already finalized. expect, in some states, for that to be a significant driver of some of these risk order requests. >> could you please take half a step back and explain what a risk order is and explain what the issue is? you take a half step back very briefly. >> to give. back. [laughter] fulls step back. [laughter] >> there is risk adjustment which shifts money between

plans. plans that enrolled high cost people were going to be getting money from those plans that enrolled more healthy people. there is the reinsurance program, which i spoke about with provide subsidies to plans for high cost enrollees. the risk order provision is a temporary program, like the reinsurance program. in the early years of this new program, there was a lot of uncertainty regarding who was going to enroll in coverage and what their health spending would be. the government was going to mitigate some of that placing some of the cost and some of the gains if insurer premiums were too high or too

low. lowiums came out to be too relative to the claims that the plan experience, the government would pay that plan to help offset some of those losses. the other hand, if the plants are premiums were high relative to what was experienced, the plan would pay the government a share of those gains. >> i just wanted to jump in and put the claims in context with the other claims in the reinsurance program and the risk adjustment program. the claims are about 2.9 billion for the risk order program this year. they can continue to be paid out in out years. payments2017 is the comes into the program. on the reinsurance side, nearly a billion dollars were paid out out. billion were paid

the dollar amount was larger than it originally was going to be. the risk adjustment transfers amounted to about $4.6 billion. the risk order program was actually a smaller part of those risk adjustment programs. >> do you want to? >> we have a question on insurance consolidations. what, in fact, we might expect consolidations, what effect we might expect those to have. ismy research indicates that the number of insurers in a state increases, you see a decline in premiums.

carrier,aybe 2% per but still there are lots of carriers where that can be pretty significant. i think it is good news that we more carriersee participating on the individual marketplace. but overall, the individual insurance market has always been heavily concentrated. when i say always, i say since about 2000. the last time i looked at it in a typical state, the largest carrier had 55% of the market are. this is pre-aca. i don't look at consolidation is something that will lower premiums. i think it is much more likely to raise premiums. >> mila? >

back,h, so just stepping recall that the largest component of premiums is claims. anything that helps lower claims can help put downward pressure on premiums. there is still some uncertainty about the impact of mergers. that is a little dependent, in part, on the particular market regarding both the level of insurer competition that exists in that market right now and also the relative balance of negotiating power between the insurers and providers and whether insurers can get increased power when they are negotiating provider payment rates and the enhanced ability to implement some alternative payment and delivery system reforms. i think there is potential, but i think it is going to vary by market. --i would just quickly add

in some states before the aca, the largest carrier was essentially a monopoly with 90% or more of the market. since the aca, certainly, in many places, we have seen market share shrink, which is good if you believe that smaller market share increases opportunity for other carriers to come in and compete effectively. that has happened since the aca. i agree, it really depends on where you are. in some cases, where you still have a market that is 90% monopoly, it is really hard to enter that market because of the investment it takes by the insurer. in some cases, it could be very helpful to get new players in through consolidation in other states -- through consolidation. in other states, it may not be helpful. >> there is a striking slide of what has happened in kentucky. >> prior to the aca, we

basically had two insurers. the dominant insurer had 80% of the individual market area post -aca, we have new insurers coming into the market, prices are more competitive. it has been a tremendous benefit to kentuckians. >> let's take a question at the microphone. if you could identify yourself. >> kyle redfield from the congressional budget office. this is primarily for cari. as you noted, there is a rapid expansion of the number of insurers available. do you have any sense of what was driving that interest? was there any impact on premiums as a result? before you jump in, separately, but related for mila, i'm not an actuary, but is the pool size in d.c. any issue for insurers?

does that drive their interest at all? so, i think the reason that we have more carriers entering the kentucky market is the success of connect. we are extremely excited about that. those coming in, some of them are offering very competitive prices. so, you know. >> we are not actuaries either. [laughter] >> but we do have one here. >> i have one more thing to add. some of theo note -- carriers that have come into the market have offered medicaid managed care plans. they see this as positioning themselves for those people who are terminated from medicaid. that they will stay with anthem or they will stay with humana or

they will stay with the other. probably the medicaid-managed care organizations are trying to position themselves, as well. >> so, you had a two-part question for me. the first one was on price competition. after we were created, there was legislation passed in d.c. to make us the sole distribution channel. that means everything is sold through us. when you get that kind of private market environment, where it is full transparency on one website, all our customers see prices and coverage options, that created real price competition. in the first year, one carrier refiled their proposed rates twice lowering them once they saw with their competitors filed . another carrier refiled once. a third carrier refiled adding new products.

actually, that kind of price transparency has created price competition in d.c. in terms of being a small state, and those of us who live in d.c., we would like to be officially a state -- i would just make that plug -- [laughter] >> if you are not in the market, it is a huge investment or the carrier to come in. when you have only 15,000-20,000 covered lives, you are not going to have lots of carriers competing for the 5000 they may get. on the group side, we have four major carriers. i say four. they are legally organized in a way where united has two or three different companies. all of the different carriers on the group side have various legal entities they do business with. it is a larger market.

there is more incentive for carriers to come in for a piece of that market. >> let me just add that according to mckinsey, of the in 2016, they are largely provider-based plans and medicare-managed plans. >> ok, yes. >> my question is about data that sara presented, but i would like to hear from the entire panel, if applicable. the question i have is about exhibit 2, where you found lower to middle income exchange enrollees essentially experiencing comparable premiums to employer coverage. i was wondering how much of that is informed by your exhibit 6, with a number of enrollees chose narrow network plans. exactly comparable populations, but to the extent

that the kind of network feeds into the decision-making process . if you could talk about how much it and why that might look comparable to the employer. >> just a brief perspective. we really think that equalization and income range is driven by the subsidies. people are just getting really large subsidies in that income range to make what they are paying -- it makes what they are comparable,remiums which are heavily subsidized. but i think the question about the decisions people are making tout their premiums relative the deductibles and putting so much emphasis on the cost of the price of their plan, choosing

more limited networks, is a good one. and carrie want to mention -- >> in kentucky, price is the most important factor in selecting a plan. we have a couple of insurers that have very restricted networks. we have seen an increase in enrollment in those plans. are we seeing an increase in the offering of those types of plans and what other types of my we see in the next cycle? we have heard more about sharing f risk and provider >> so to answer the first question, premiums are the biggest drivers for decisionmaking for our

customers. on the networks, until recently, we really didn't have what you'd call narrow networks. most of the networks that we offered were nationwide or pretty regional that covered virginia, maryland, parts of pennsylvania, west virginia, parts of delaware. d.c. consumers are used to the broader networks. we do have a few new products on the group side for 2016 which have more restricted networks and remains to be seen whether customers make their decisions based on those networks. i do think that the new decision support tool that i talked about earlier, powered by consumer checkbooks will help consumers make better decisions, not just looking at the premium but looking at the

out-of-pocket liability the consumer may have. >> i would just add, last year the employer based health insurance and exchanges are going in the opposite directions with regard to plan type. employer based insurance, high deductible health plans are on the rise, h.m.o.'s and point of service are on the decline. in the exchanges, the h.m.o.'s and e.p.o.'s, exclusive provider organizations, seem to be on the rise. and they tend to have lower premiums than other plans. >> and related to this question of affordability being a huge factor in enrollment decisions, we have a question about the introduction of health plan quality ratings in 2017 and what affect those quality ratings may have on consumers's

enrollment decisions. >> that's just another tool i think consumers will have in making informed decisions about which plan to select. so we already have -- well, we have stars on our shopping tools but they're blank and once we do receive the information from, i guess, the federal government on populating those stars, i think that would be very helpful to consumers. >> i just would add, i'm working on a project for c.m.s. where we're working on how to present the information. and as i've learned of the history of consumer information and the use of it, it does not make you upbeat. historically consumers have not used the information. we know more. we know you have to keep it

very simple. you have to have stars, for example, and you can't provide oo much information. >> another question, with new carriers coming into markets and adding plans, what's being done to encourage people to reshop for better deals? and i'll just add a data point to that, looking at. kaiser's announcement of premium changes in six states for 2016. those are silver level benchmark plans and all but one -- of those silver plans will be the same plan next year. if people are receiving premium tax credits, the plan they're in will no longer be the lower coast silver plan. what do we expect consumers to do this year when they're confronted with that choice, too? >> so in kentucky, as part of our renewal process, we send

out the enrollment packet and we highly encourage our enrollees to shop and check out all their options because of the new insurers and new plans. we did the same thing last year. also have tv ads statewide, radio ads encouraging people to purchase their coverage through our exchange because it's the only place in town you can receive discounts or aptc. >> so last year, we did what's called passively renew people, meaning you're just automatically renewed unless you shop and select something else. and about over 95% of our individual marketplace enrollees stayed with what they had in year one. the ones who made a choice to shop, the reasons -- or the

outcomes varied, sometimes they changed metal levels, sometimes they changed carrier. sometimes they stayed with the same carrier, same level but just a different plan. and there was no pattern to what was driving those. we were pretty agnostic about encouraging or not shopping. we sent lots of information last year essentially saying if you're happy with what you have, you don't have to do anything. if you want to shop for a better deal or something different, please come online and shop. so what we found -- i think it's pretty typical of most large employers, very few people who work for large employers that have open seasons actually make a switch. this year, we are going to be more aggressive about encouraging people to shop for better deals even though our rates are stable and the increases aren't as huge as you

have in other areas. in fact, there are some decreases, as john noted earlier. it depends on which plan you're in. you might be facing steeper increase and you'll get a lot more value out of shopping around. and we've improved our website based on feedback from our customers to make it easier to shop around, even if you don't want to use the consumer checkbook tool, we have new search features to make it a ot easier and quicker to shop. jon? jon: just research. according to peter cunningham, about 10% of all large employers, about 10% switch. and on the exchanges, j.d. power says 22% switch. i think the numbers are higher from h.h.s., i think they might be as high as 30% or so.

this is a modest to low income population and they watch their dollars a lot more so i would xpect to see more switching. >> there is a question about your decision support tool. this questioner asks if you can't ask medical questions, how does the tool determine the best plan based on o-morbidities? >> this is a screening tool and just to capture data to help the consumer select the best plan. it's not required, you know. when you're in shopping or browsing for plans, we ask the question, would you like to check out your options and find a value-based plan? and if they say no, i'm fine, i want to continue shopping. it's not a requirement that they use this tool. and all of the information we

capture on their health condition or their health, it's immediately, i guess, terminated once they exit the program. we don't save any information t all. >> and the economists in the room will know this much better than i do but there's well-documented literature that people are pretty good at self-identifying their medical needs just by answering one question, and that is, are you in good health, fair health, poor health, excellent health? and there's a huge probability on getting your medical expenses, the severity of them next year correct. and so the tool that we use, that is the principal question and it relies on that literature and that experience of people being able to

self-identify their needs. it's certainly an estimator and not designed to predict in any way but it's much better than we have now where people are just looking at deductibles and are not considering all the other out-of-pocket expenses, where if they just bought gold, they might be better off financially than buying bronze depending on their needs. >> i want to ask a follow-up question to that on the deductible. we see a lot of confusion in our surveys about what people understand that's included in their deductible and what's excluded. for example, preventative care costs don't count towards your deductible and you get preventative care screenings for free. but we are seeing in our surveys a lot of people aren't getting preventative care tasks that have high deductible plans so their lack of understanding about what's excluded from a deductible. and a lot of plans also exclude certain outpatient visits. so what should consumers be thinking about when they look

at a plan with a high deductible or any deductible, what should they be asking themselves in terms of the services they might have to pay for? >> some in kentucky, depending on the plan you select, in some situations you'll have two deductibles, a medical deductible and a pharmacy deductible and has been confusing for some of our consumers, but as one of our shopping tools, you know, if you view all the information out there, you know, it's evident that there are two deductibles. another i guess confusion factor is the pediatric dental. oftentimes the insurers will include that just in one deductible. >> i'm russ tysinger with ellen and policy research. i had a question about your consumer interface for carrie

and mila. i heard you say your default setting for your display of plans, you're going to show silver plans first. so i know that now you have these decision tools, you could also potentially default -- set a default setting for out-of-pocket liability and other things and there's some research showing that does help people make decisions that end up saving costs. so are you considering changing your default settings and just how did you go about that process? what research backed up your decision? carrie: so there are several ways in kentucky that consumers can filter on plans. it's only if you're eligible for cost sharing reductions, if your income is below 250% of the federal poverty level, we'll display the silver plans first. but there's also some other filters where if you just want to look at bronze plans, you can filter on bronze plans. if you want to filter on the amount of your deductible, all

the plans with a 2,000 deductible will be displayed. if you want to filter on premium amount, you can do that. there's other functionality that they can filter on. >> we have a variety of search tools as well. the d.c. health link plan match, the checkbook tool is just one and they do filter by your lowest predicted out-of-pocket liability which includes everything, not just premiums. on the regular search engine, we are deploying new search tools, so in the first two years we had very similar tools to kentucky. you can filter by h.m.o., deductible, a carrier, a medal level. now you'll be able to do more sophisticated searches, and you'll be able to see a summary of features comparing the

plans, so you can look at the prescription drug benefit or how hospitalization is covered. it used to be that you had to open up a pediafile to do that plan comparison. since this is our first year for 2016 offering standardized products meaning same deductibles, co-insurance, co-pays and same benefits, those will appear first in our standard search engine. we want to encourage our customers to really compare apples to apples, and it remains to be seen whether that produces better outcomes for our customers in terms of what they select. we'll know next year. >> we have a question from twitter about the c.b.o.'s, 2016, a.c.a. enrollment projections at 22 million and the question is how realistic

is that and what is the appropriate, or the questioner puts it, the international goal? >> i'll just jump in with some databased on our surveys, so these are just projections of people who remain uninsured. out of about 25 million uninsured adults, these are just 19-64-year-olds, about 6.5 million or about 26%, or a 1/4 are under 100% of poverty and living in medicaid nonexpansion states. that's a group that will likely remain uninsured this year. we're showing about about 10 million people who are eligible for marketplace plans so they have incomes in the range that make them eligible for the marketplaces. it's similar to the number that h.h.s. is expecting who are eligible for marketplace

enrollment. and about 5.5 million are eligible for medicaid in expansion states. so that's sort of how the breakdown goes. these do not adjust for immigration status. one major barrier that we're seeing in our surveys is a lot of people who are eligible aren't aware of it, so clearly the outreach efforts that carrie and mila are talking about will be addressed towards that and also this issue of people attempting to enroll and then going away. but maybe both of you want to jump in on that. >> yeah, for us from day one we've defined our success by the number of uninsured people we can get coverage for, whether it's public insurance like medicaid or private full pay or with premium reductions.

it is, as i mentioned earlier, the district of columbia has always had a very low uninsured rate. so for us it's been using creative partnerships, creative outreach to reach the uninsured. we think in the first couple of years we've done a very good job, and we're going to become even more what they call hyper local, which is almost door-to-door type of initiative to find folks who remain uninsured. for us, we've -- and this is anecdotal, i don't have data to share with you. but one of the populations we're still missing are folks who get aptc eligibility but still don't enroll in a health plan because it's still too expensive. they just can't afford it. and we know that from the first open rolement when we actually

contacted every person who qualified for aptc but didn't make a health plan selection and we asked -- and a significant portion said they still couldn't afford it. so for us to really reach all of the uninsured who want to be insured, we may need policy interventions, either local or federal at some point in time to make private coverage even more affordable. >> as part of our passive renewal process, we have thousands of people that for whatever reason they checked out connect in november of last year and they were eligible for some type of subsidy, but they never enrolled. so what we're going to do is send those individuals a letter, saying, you know, open rolement is coming again november 1. you are eligible for a subsidy based on the information that was previously reported. please come to connect and check out your options.

we're also, through tv ads and radio commercials, trying to target those folks that are eligible for a subsidy and don't realize it. one of our tv commercials says family of four, up to 95,000 a year qualifies for some type of subsidy, so we're doing what we can, but like d.c., you know, we've made significant progress in reducing the number of uninsured in kentucky in the past two years. >> so we have time for one more question and we'll take it -- we have a couple questions from twitter that have to do with prescription drugs. first, our qualified health plans increasing out-of-pocket costs for prescription drugs and if yes, is that a problem? and this is a separate question, why are prescription drugs not considered prevention to be eligible for zero cost sharing?

> they're all looking at me. in terms of the preventative care that has to be covered prior to the deductible, i think that's in the law how that's defined. so i think that's the reason. i can't remember, it's i.o.m. or what, the preventative services are listed, they're defined. so in terms of prescription drugs, cautionary requirements, out-of-pocket spending for drugs, as you recall, in my presentation i noted that prescription drug spending is increasing a lot faster than medical spending. so i think insurers are going to be looking at ways to better manage that -- manage those costs. and they have a couple of different ways they can do that. one is so change the cost

sharing requirements for particular prescription drug tiers, and they also can change where on the tiers particular drugs go, and they also can -- and without changing the formulary. they have different ways to do that. i can't make any particular comments on what plans are actually doing but i think those are the things to look at to better understand what's going on. jon: what i can say is that in 2015, employer-based insurance and marketplace insurance were very different when it came to applying the deductible to prescription drug benefits. employer based insurance, less than 10% apply. marketplace insurance, i think the majority of plans, maybe as much as 70%, you had to meet a deductible for some of the iers at least before you

received prescription drug benefits. carrie: post a.c.a., you know there's a requirement that you can't discriminate on benefits. meala: and we jointly mila: and together with agencies and folks from the health department looked at the tiering on the formulary and with the help of outside researchers, there was a pattern that evolved with certain h.i.v. drugs were classified in the highest out-of-pocket tiers and based on that, we thought it was discriminatory benefit design. in that case the carrier saw the problem and voluntarily fixed it, moving the certain h.i.v. drugs to lower cost tiers so there wouldn't be that kind of discrimination against people who need h.i.v. medication.

there are opportunities to look how formularies are structured for discrimination patterns, but whoever mentioned that there would have to be a law change to change how things are considered, whether or not they're considered preventative , that would require a law change. >> so we've run out of time. if you'd kindly take one moment to fill out the blue evaluation form in your packet, we would be grateful. also, we had a question earlier about consolidation and i wanted to mention we'll be back to you, the alliance and commonwealth together to bring you another briefing on the subject of consolidation on november 20 so please watch your in boxes for that. and please join me in changing our panel for a very interesting conversation today.

[captioning performed by the ational captioning newt] [captions copyright national cable satellite corp.2015] >> later, this morning, a look at the national labors relations board joint employer ruling on franchise contract workers live from the senate health, education, labor and pensions committee at 10:00

p.m. eastern. and the house is in at noon eastern and will work on homeland security suspension bill later today. >> general john campbell will take questions of the recent bombing of the doctors without borders hospital in northeastern afghanistan. he'll be testifying about u.s. military operations in afghanistan. at the senate armed services committee this morning. we'll have live coverage at 9:30 eastern on c-span 3. later in the day, v.a. officials testify about veterans legislation which includes a veterans mental health bill. we'll have live coverage from the senate veterans committee at 2:30 eastern, also on c-span 3. >> all campaign long, c-span takes you on the road to the white house, unfiltered access to the candidates at town hall meetings, news conferences, rallies and speeches. we're taking your comments on

twitter, facebook and by phone and always, every campaign event we cover is available on our website at c-span.org. >> next, democratic presidential candidate hillary clinton talks about gun violence in the u.s. former secretary of state clinton spoke at a town hall meeting in manchester, new hampshire. this is part of c-span's "road to the white house" coverage. >> ladies and gentlemen, please welcome aaron stevens cohen, state senator lee delasandro, and hillary clinton.

cheers and applause] >> ok. first of all, i want to thank you all for your patience. patience is a virtue. all of you have manifested that virtue so thank you very, very much. i appreciate it. you're in the 20th senate district. so if you're voting, always think of lou delasandro.

now, listen, we are here today who has to a woman every credential possible to lead this country as we move forward. we have a woman who's not afraid to talk about guns. and who's not afraid to address the issue head-on. you're in a community college today. we know what happened in the community college in oregon. we know with great sadness that those who passed away passed away for no reason at all, none whatsoever. we have a woman who has within herself the ability to make a difference.

and indeed you are going to have an opportunity to vote for her in the new hampshire primary and the general lection. so without further adieu, i'm going to introduce aaron kerwin who is a woman from the north end of manchester, lives in ward 1, has two children, ociology major, social worker, said it didn't pay a lot of money but loved it because she was taking care of people and really, isn't that what life's all about, we've got to take care of people. we take care of people, they take care of us. the country is better off because of that. so without any further adieu, erin kerwin. erin: hello, i'm going to have to cheat a also with my paper, i'm not as well practiced with

this. my name is erin kerr-inened -- erin kerwin and i'm the mother of two children and have the honest of introducing hillary clinton today. i live in manchester and the home is three miles away from where we are right now. it's a beautiful community and in another time we could have posed in a norman rockwell painting. for me, the devastating consequences of gun violence have always been a concern. and what feels like a past life, i was a social worker and i handled mostly domestic violence and sexual assault cases. what struck me over and over was the immediacy of gun violence. when guns enter a conflict, there's no chance to reconsider. it's just over. watching the brady assault weapon ban expire in 2004, i could not understand why we could not make progress or enact policies to prevent gun violence and death from guns.

last month, everything changed for our family, a woman, not so different from myself or anyone else in our neighborhood, was shot and killed on my street. it was a sunday evening and there is no explanation for thisthere is no explanation fors killing. my first thought went to my in first grade. eleanor, my fourth grader. the night before, our neighborhood had a cookout. hide andwere playing seek into the night. what a difference 24 hours might have made for us. my heart breaks for her family every time i think of it. gun violence prevention has to be an issue for you if you are a parent. [applause] if you are a husband, a sister,

a wife. gun violence prevention has to be an issue for you. from oregon to south carolina, and everywhere in between, con gun violence is leaving people with grief and loss. as a nation, we can do better. i think that if we elect the fight weson, this is a can win. i believe hillary clinton can win that fight. [applause] she has the tenacity to tackle gun violence and she never gives up. she has a record of achieving results. fight, and join

me in welcoming our next president hillary clinton. [applause] clinton: thank you. thank you very much. thank you. thank you. [applause] thank you all. please. thank you. lou, della center has been a friend of mine for a long time. , he has been serving the city and state longer. i think him very much for his support and friendship.

[applause] i want to thank aaron and eleanor. arun story, unfortunately is way too common. we are here on the campus of a wonderful community college. very much like the one in oregon. where young people were going to school, and some of the were not so young. the victims were between 18 and 67. some older people taking classes and improving their skills. teaching, learning. thinking about the future. which was so ended. senselessly. tragically. that thosey same day people were killed in oregon. strappednth old baby

into her car seat in the back of a car was killed by a stray bullet in cleveland. the third baby in just a few months to be murdered in cleveland. between 88-92 people per day are killed by guns in america. the last figures we have for whole year are over 33,000. it is the leading cause of death for young african-american men. the second leading cause for young hispanic men. the fourth leading cause for young white men. this epidemic of gun violence knows no boundaries. knows no limits of any kind. happens, people are quick to say that they offer their thoughts and prayers. that is not enough. how many people have to die

before we actually act? before we come together as a nation. you know, on the republican side he trump was asked about it, said things like that happen. governor burr yes, things happen. no. that is an admission of defeat in surrender. that is killing 33,000 americans. is time for a to say wait a minute, we are better than this. our country is better than this. there are steps we can take that and furthersafety

the prevention of violence of guns. , i am proposing what i believed to be common sense approaches. a majority of americans support universal background checks. a majority of gun owners support universal background checks. we had a bipartisan bill that did not make it through the senate. we need to go back and with all of our hearts, not just from washington but from the grassroots demand universal background checks. [applause] clinton: we have to close the loopholes. we have the gun show loophole.

what is being called the charleston loophole. passed, brady bill was which was not easy as you may recall. it did pass. exceptions were made for gun then later it was extended to include online sales. guns are sold from gun shows online sales, but we need to close that loophole. when we have universal it will covercks everybody. the other loophole is what happened with the man who murdered nine people at bible study in the church basement in charleston. he applied for a gun. that if they do not get the background check

done in three days they can go get the guy. he had a criminal background. people were still searching for the records, but at the end of three days he went to buy the gun. do not yet have it automated enough. we go not have shared information. he got his gun. he was determined to use it to kill nine people. address the serious problem of military style weapons on our streets. [applause] clinton: people do not really have a chance. lots of times when terrible murders take place, summary might save will have more guns. ,hen you're walking to class

you're driving your baby in a , you're going to church. summary has an automatic weapon. or even worse, an assault weapon that is a military instrument of .ar you are somehow supposed to stop that with your gun? that has never made sense. [applause] clinton: we have got to keep guns out of the hands that people that should not happen. domestic abusers. people of mental health problems. got to be better tracking and record keeping. i remember the terrible massacre at virginia tech. the shooter had been involuntarily committed.

there is no record of it. if there is information about who areho are felons, suffering from mental illness, domesticeant -- abusers. we have to get that information into record keeping. that way background checks will actually show you that this is somebody who should not have it. people think the best data we have is that since the brady bill implemented background more than 2.4 million people have been stopped from buying a gun. and over one million of those were felons. there were records of those particular -- potential purchasers. i want to work with all of you.

with sensible gun safety advocates and owners. want to work with people from washington. shrug,h longer will we oh no something happened? whether it is at your neighborhood or a community college. children inr of their classrooms. we will go to the town hall portion of this. i want to ask a mother from sandy hook if you would not mind to come join me for a minute. i want you guys to hear from her. -- any of the parents [applause]

clinton: you know, so many of the parents of these precious aredren who were murdered taken as the unimaginable grief that they have been bearing. they have tried to be the voices that we need to hear. and i want you to introduce yourself and talk about what you and other parents are trying to do to get the changes that are necessary. >> thank you. my name is nicole hockley. i am the managing director at sandy hook promised. and the mother of dylan who was six when he was killed at the school. gun violence prevention was not

on my radar before losing my son. i wish it had been. i wish i had done something long before something that i thought could never hit my community hit me. as part of sandy hook promise, we focus very much on gun safety legislation and the commonsense practices your speaking of. thank you for taking this on in speaking out. focus on what can we do to get ahead of the violence? get upstream, and help identify and intermittent being -- intervene. are in need to get help before they pick up a weapon. i think it is a comprehensive solution. it is between gun access and responsibility. we are working together with all the other organizations and all

of other people as well as yourself. that websolute faith can deliver the solution and protect children across america. [applause] clinton: thank you. i think what you just heard really reinforces how nobody , becauset might happen we have not done what we need to to try to make any of us, particularly our children, safe. that is behind the proposals i am making. they are not new.

is nothing unique about them, other than the fact that i am determined we will do everything we possibly can to get this done. [applause] , i know there are a lot of people here. we have a big group from mom's demand action and dads as well. want to commend them. they are a grassroots organization that is trying to bring these issues to the public attention. need more of that. we need a movement. matter what other issue that is on your mind, if you care the great hopey that we can protect people who are going about their daily business. that should be at the top.

everybody, regardless of politics or candidates or anything else to think about the ways that each of us can do more to try to provide that measure of gun safety that will save lives, and prevent violence. by asking people if you want to say something, or or have something to say have a comment to make, i want to start with people here. i want to hear from them. congressman sweat. how are you? [applause] >> it is wonderful to have you here. everybody ave

background on my relationship with guns. voted in favor of a crime bill that had an assault weapons ban for nearly 800 weapons on the street. [applause] -- >> i received a letter i thought would be worth sharing. i have shared it with hillary earlier. it is a letter from ronald reagan. it is dated may 5, 1994. "dear sweat, -- dear rich, i know you're thinking carefully about the bill. as a longtime gun owner and supporter of the right to bear arms, i'll have also thought about this issue. i am convinced that the limitations in this bill are necessary.

i know there is a heavy pressure on you to go the other way. but i urge you to join me in supporting this bill. it must be passed. sincerely, ronald reagan." [applause] >> i have watched hillary and her husband bill work with people from both sides of the aisle for nearly 30 years. is going toody who solve the problem. she will be a leader who will make the problem go away. i have confidence that as our be able toyou will tackle this problem that we have started trying to tackle back in 1990's. i'm so thankful for your leadership. i look forward to supporting you. thank you. [applause] clinton: thank you very much. thank you.

well, we have a lot to talk about. this gentleman in the green shirt. >> thank you, we come from arizona. i am a gun owner and i support the second amendment. i cannot give you more credit that we need to deal with the wrong people getting guns. especially with mental illness, as you know to some we had a person who had trouble and was able to buy a gun. as you said it virginia tech, the person hadch been committed. as a person who owns guns, more power to you. [applause] clinton: thank you.

yes, the lady right here. yes there comes the microphone. >> i have a question about the cdc and research that was cut off in the 90's by the republican party. i think if you could bring that back, if we could convince to fund research into gun violence, what causes it. i think we are hitting marks with that. what role the gun plays. how quickly people get hurt somebody with a gun. if we could analyze the data i think we will be in a much better place. i agree. the center for disease control is responsible for looking at public health issues. if there is dirty water making

people sick, where expecting them to tell us what to do to prevent that. so, they were researching gun violence. they were trying to figure out who is more likely to commit violence? what kind of warning signs might exist? -- aforesaidsons reasons,- four sad there is a long florida. i want you to hear this. it was so shocking at first that i didn't leave it. that is a law in florida makes it a felony for a pediatrician to talk with theyies about being sure keep guns safely away from children. literally a doctor can go to jail in florida if you are a

you runcian, and through your checklist, are you keeping poisons out of the way for children, especially if you have toddlers. make sure your sharp knives are kept away. are they high enough up so children cannot get them. it seems reasonable to me to say if you have guns in the house, are you sure? too many little kids get a hold of them. they kill themselves, they kill their friends. it is the doctor's responsibility to work with the families so the family can keep the baby safe. if your reporter, then you could go to jail. argument ande the work towards the result that we can learn a lot more about what

are the characteristics of people who should not have guns? from the gentleman from arizona. the killer from sandy hook, the killer from oregon, there probably were some comments, some actions that set off some alarms. do not have good information so that people can be better informed, how do we help them? i agree with you. no issue should be beyond study in america. that is like a denial of everything we believe in our country. [applause] along with that so far as i know, the gun sellers are the gun the only business in america that is totally free of liability for their behavior. nobody else.

nobody else is given immunity. that just illustrates the extremism that has taken over this debate. richardally struck when was reading a letter from ronald reagan. a fact that when he was facing a very hard choice which many people think cost him his seat in congress, he voted for the crime bill which contained the brady bill. which led to the background checks. it led to 2 million people not getting guns. he paid a big price for that. here is a letter from ronald reagan. fact, when the nra was one of their tirades in calling the atf enforcers jackbooted thugs president george h w bush resigned.

he said no. [applause] what i would like to see is responsible gun owners formed a different organization and take back the second amendment from these extremist. [applause] clinton: thank you. the lady right here. yes. here comes the microphone. >> i am so glad to see you. i know this is a big issue in the united states. i am from afghanistan. i think about my country every

day. more than 200-300 people are dying. after you become the president, what are you thinking about pulling out the soldiers, or are you thinking they will stay there? in my opinion, we want them to stay there for protection. know your opinion about that also. thank you. clinton: thank you. first, i want to say how distressed i am about the body bombing of the hospital. i know defense secretary carter said there will be a thorough investigation to try to get to the bottom of that. it is deeply regrettable. it came in the context of the taliban taking back over a city in the north. which hasfghan army performed very bravely.

this is not an army that runs away. this is an army that will stand and fight. experience,have the they do not have the support that they need to be successful as they are trying to be. i think that we have got to continue to work with the afghan government and the military to support them. because, they are fighting. it is a different story and the rest of the world. they are in afghanistan. people are fighting for the gains that have been made in the last 13 years. is a lot of conflict. there is a lot of danger. the taliban is not going away. we know that. there have been so many positive developments. the number of girls and women in school, or at work studying in the united states. businesses that are able to operate now as opposed to being

under the thumb of the taliban. being forced to pay tribute all the time to the taliban. there have been a lot of advances in health. afghanistan had the worst maternal mortality rate in the world. from the united states and other countries working with afghan doctors and nurses, mothers are surviving childbirth. things that are so basic that are now so much better in afghanistan, i do not know the specifics of what i will face in january. but afghanistan is a country that has tried. the people are very focused on getting beyond the violence in the extremism from the taliban. i do not think we should walk away. i will do what i can to help. [applause] here comes the microphone.

>> hello my name is jane. i was grown up in belmont street. it is no longer the city at was raised in. a lot of that is because of drugs. and because of gun violence. hillary,uestion to you if i can call you that. clinton: are you can call me val. [applause] >> or val, is my question, i'm excited to ask you. last week, a reporter asked dr. one question. that question was as president of the united states, what would you do to assist the people of a horrible event like hurricane

walking -- the hurricane? "i doy word answer was not know." a reporter asked jeb bush what he thought about the tragedy in oregon. he kept it even shorter. as you said. his response to that horrific tragedy was "stuff happens." , iould like to know from you would like you to explain to this audience and the nation, why that would not have been your response. , you ares president ready to lead from day one. [applause] clinton: thank you.

let's take the natural disaster question first. everybody'se was on mind. thankfully, it did not hit as hard as they feared. although, south carolina is getting torrential rain. of the most important decisions any new president has is who will run fema? who will be prepared to work with cities and states to be prepared for incoming national disasters. expertshe food, and the that you will need. i will take that very seriously. looking for somebody who has real experience. not somebody flying over it. but somebody who has been there.

somebody who knows what to do to help people evacuate. needs to be done to try to help people save their home. there is a lot of hard wisdom. , weuse of climate change are seeing an increased number of weather events. all over the world. not just in our country. need a project. i will give you a perfect example. this is why disagree so much with the republicans. we heard the ronald reagan from ronald reagan, and george bush. the current republicans are tried to cut the money that the federal government puts into forecasting. is so saying a penny wise is foolish. we have to have the best weather forecasting. but also to get ahead of natural

disasters and events like big storms. so, i will appoint good people. i will look across the government to figure out what we need to do better. states and local governments. we need to keep people well informed so they can make good decisions for themselves. so we can move really quickly after something happens. we cannot stop the weather. we know that. we need to be really ready to get in there and clean up the recovery. people need to be empowered to help themselves. that thetle worried federal government's message is do not do anything until we get there. help each other. help fix the problem. help work. take pictures. take pictures and report things. people are afraid to do that because they think they need to get help.

that you should have left alone. you should not leave it alone. you should help their neighbors. in the world has a cell phone. keep a record of it. that way you can say here is what we had after the storm. here's what we spent on plywood and boarding. the big vacuums to clean up the dirt. i'm very hands-on and practical. that is how i would use it. [applause] clinton: oh my goodness. yes, this in lady. >> thank you. this was going to be about the weather. -- was not going to be about the weather. by the time i go to college, what would you like united states to be like. clinton: that is a great

question. well, can i ask you how old you are? >> -- >> 10 years. clinton: i have a few years but not a lot. [applause] clinton: first of all i wanted to be the country we all love and cherish. it has given so much to everyone of us who is here in the room today. and, it still holds out the same promise that if you work hard and you do your part you will be able to get ahead, stay ahead and pursue your dream. that is what i want for every young person in our country. and, that means we have to get the economy working better so that it produces more jobs with rising income. i have a lot to say about that. i want you to feel like whatever

you choose to do your going to be part of this country. i want the education system, it sounds like it is working well for you. i wanted to work for everybody. particularly, starting with our off tot kids to get them a better start so that college is affordable to. we have to get the cost down. and, i have outlined what i call the new college contract. i do not want to see young people with ambitions, talents, a good work ethic, but not be able to start school or finish school because it is too expensive and they cannot afford it. we have got to deal with that. we have to get the cost down so people do not have to go into debt. i know it's a problem in new hampshire.

we have to refinance the dead people have. that way they can move out of their parents home. they need to get on with their lives. , i whats health care people do have insurance. i want us to deal with the substance abuse epidemic so that we begin to turn the tide on harrowing, and pills and other things that are ruining peoples lives. discussionto the gun we have to have treatment for mental health. we have to figure out how to get it to people. [applause] clinton: and i want the world to be safer. i what the world you will be an adult and to be led by the united states. there is no alternative. if the united states does that leave nobody will lead -- lead.

terrorist groups take advantage of their neighbors and threaten us. i want to protect our rights. our civil and human rights. i want to protect the rights of americans. we have a lot of work to do. it.nnot possibly do all of it has to be done by everybody working together. everybody standing up for the kind of country that we want to live in. that we want to see for our children. i'm a grandmother. as maybe you know. i will say this. i and the grand daughter of a factory worker. my grandfather worked in the plants at the mill. he worked hard to support his family. he did it so's family could have

a good life. all three of his sons went to college. my dad started a small business. it was really small but it provided a good middle-class life for us. here i am, third-generation asking all of you to elect me president. that is the american story. i will do whatever i can, as well as will my husband to help our granddaughters have the best life. that is not enough. it is not enough. that is what i want people to understand. you should not have to be a granddaughter of a former stateent or secretary of to believe you can to fill your dreams. you should be able to be the grandson of a factory worker or truck driver. every single day i will wake up in the white house i will say to myself what a mic in a do today to make sure every child in this

country has a chance to live up to his or her god-given potential? that is my mission. [applause] many hands. yes, over there. i will give you microphone. >> good morning. you are correct. every d -- day or week we hear about children dying. we are also hearing about children dying in their homes. at the hands of their caregivers. we are child poverty continue to increase as children slip through the shredded safety nets. we are hearing from college professors and employers that young people are coming to them, not ready to prepared for 21st century jobs. policiesent, what would you move forward in your first 100 days?

clinton: thank you. sadly, her question .2 -- points to what has been happening over the past 10 years because of the great recession. because of the loss of jobs and wealth. before the recession in 2007-2008. poverty is on the increase. today, 51% of the children in our public schools are eligible for lower reduced cost or free lunch. we were on a good path. in the 90's we were on a good path to lift people out of poverty. by lifting families out of poverty we lift children out of poverty. we are to have to redouble our efforts.

i give president obama credit for giving us out of the deep ditch that he was in when the republicans left. and there are a number of things we have to do. moree top of the list is jobs. raise the minimum wage so that people who work full-time do not live in poverty. that way they can provide a better life for their children. more jobs in general. there are a lot of great projects. roads and bridges and trains. and airports. everything in our country's interior rating it needs to be built up. maintained. that would put millions of people to work. and, i think we need to combat climate change by more clean energy jobs. be millions of jobs and businesses if we shifted the

incentives in the tax code. when he to move from fossil fuels to wind energy. front ofo get on the the climate change, and put people to work. i think people who work for corporations should be able to share in the prophets, not just the ceo. everybody up and down the line. much like market baskets. they have profit-sharing for their employees. to do more tod support small businesses. that creates 60% of the jobs in america. right now, we are behind in small business creation and growth. we used to be number one, we're not even a top 10. we need to get rid of leg relations and licenses and

barriers that stand in the way of people who wanted to start a business like my dad did. we need to let them provide a good middle-class life. [applause] clinton: once we get the economy moving again, then we can turn our attention to how we can be good partners for families with children. here are some of my thoughts. i worked in this area for a long time. first, we have to keep them safe. we need to keep them free from violence. whether it be by strangers or family members. we need to help kids who may not have the opportunities that many of our kids, and my grandchildren have. you need to have early childhood education. a, it is not just a nice thing to do. if you do not prepare kids for the first five years, when they

get to school, they will be behind. there will be an achievement gap. it is hard for the kid come with family in the school to close the gap. i think talent is everywhere. i do not think opportunity is. i do not know what we are losing because we have kids who have not been given a chance to get off to a good start. their brains are not being stimulated the way it will help them get a vocabulary so they can be successful in school. i think the early childhood piece of this is important. health care is essential. i started the children's health insurance program in the 1990's. we took care of 8 million children. [applause] why i findd that is states that do not want to expand medicaid to be really missing the boat. we need healthy people. how can we have a healthy economy if they cannot get their basic health needs? that is true for children.

my first job out of law school was with the children's defense fund. we would go into areas in schools where kids could not see, we stopped testing their eyesight, i found out i could not see in fourth grade, because i did not know i could not see. my mother took me to find out. i thought the world was an impressionist painting. i just set close to the tv. a venture we had an eye exam in school and i found out i could not see. there are so make kids not getting those basic health needs. that holds them back. of course, once we are in school we need to respect teachers who are in the classroom with the kids. we need to try to help them. i can go on all day. i will say one more thing.

we have a hunger problem again. a lot of us thought that was behind us. we have a hunger problem and a nutrition problem. not hunger to the point of malnutrition, but we do not have adequate nutrition and a lot of neighborhoods. we do not have a lot of families who understand how to breast-feed their children, because what they can afford is not necessarily good for their kids. thised to do more work on to get back to where there is not that sense of either hunger a poor nutrition that can impact the child's development. this is something i would do as president. i would ask everybody to help me do it. there is work to be done in every community. [applause] the gentleman in the

blue shirt. right there. >> hello. is what wendering will do about mental health and the country? it has come up so much with substance abuse to the shootings our lackneral state of of funding towards all of these service providers out there. i think this all happened after we didn't do too wise lies mental health, and what a promise to fund it never did. how are you going to change that? clinton: some of you remember that. 1980's we had a lot institutionser big were people were warehoused. result of a lot of investigations showed that people are not being adequately cared for the response was to

shut a lot of them down. the same time we were worried about what would happen to people if there were no place for them. we were guaranteed we would have funding and community alternatives. so, we shut down the institutions. investedever really what we should and mental health alternatives. that is going to be something that i will push very hard. you mentioned gun violence. that is something often directly related to mental health. the addiction issue, a lot of healthwith mental challenges are self-medicating with alcohol and drugs. then they have a dual problem that has to be addressed. i think as we move forward with the affordable care act would have to enforce the decision that was made that people with physical health and

mental health will get treatment. right now a lot of companies, a lot of states, a lot of businesses are not providing the kind of support you need for mental health. when somebody is convinced or decides to seek mental health problems they are often told we have no place for you come back in six weeks or three months. who knows what will happen yet -- happened yet go a lot of these people end up in jail. it is because they are harmful to themselves or others. they often attract law enforcement. in multiple places in the country there is nowhere else to go. so, they are put in jail. they may be there for a long time without any treatment. prison, andd up in they are still not getting adequate treatment. the other point i want to make is because we have over

prescribed painkillers, the opioids we have a lot of have gotten very addicted to them. that creates a mental strain on top of all the other problems you might have. we have a lot of people who will try to withdraw. have plenty 3 million people addicted in america. when they go for help only one in 10 can get it. you have a double miami. people with health and addiction are not getting help. you have got to figure out how we take resources and treats both people simultaneously. too often they become interconnected. to you, i will do everything i can. more facilities. more trained people, more coverage. [applause] you can call on somebody.

that got my attention. [laughter] clinton: i was told will now time for one more question. >> i lived next door to hear. idea about sending kids to college for free. they do in europe. it is not actually free. do you have a plan that would make him back down a little bit. i will speak for myself. he is capable for speaking with himself. we'll have a debate in about eight days. will have a chance to contrast. but if you are interested in this issue, i think everybody is how we get college more affordable? how do we refinance student debt. go to my website.

hillary clinton.com. if you call the college compact, i have a different approach. been, my approach has endorsed by a lot of people because what it does is addressed the many aspects of this problem. first we get the cost of college down. haveges and universities to quit raising tuition and cost on students and families. so, if all we do is say we will have free college but we do not put pressure on the colleges and universities to lower the cost, then you will see cost going up. it is the cost of the free college. that is unsustainable. first and foremost, i want colleges and universities looking at how many administrators they need. how many administrators and buildings they need. how many courses are no longer relevant.

let's take a hard look at what we are doing on cap this. get the cost down. that the federal government, i have a plan -- $350 billion over 10 years. -- we would match, for every dollar that the state would put into make college more affordable for their students, would match them 4-1. but they would have to agree on some of the changes in public colleges and universities. if you choose a public college or university, then i will make it possible for you to go without borrowing money for tuition. i will expect something from you. for example, 10 hours of work per week. i worked when i was in college. i worked in law school. [applause] clinton: i want young people to know that this is an important value. you have to work for it.

it will be for public college and university. it will be possible to not to not borrow money for tuition. for living expenses i will make it possible for the hell grants to be used for living expenses. what happens now, is that young people who get a pell grant, they find it does not even cover tuition. we will deal with the tuition side, then we will deal with living expenses. money,do have to borrow it will be with a low interest rate. for peopleive loans who do public service jobs after a. after a span of time. [applause] clinton: i have to tell you. i do not think colleges should

be free for donald trump's children. moneyk people who have should have to pay. i am interested in the middle class and working people and poor children who deserve to have a better shot at college and graduation. [applause] thaton: i feel strongly when you already have debt. debt? ll has student oh yes. we have 40 million people with student debt. want to do is refinance all of that debt. , if you have a mortgage or make car payments, you can refinance it. we for bid you from refinancing a student debt. at the event i did earlier and holland, this woman said her interest rate is 12%.

i want us to refinance it, i want is to provide everybody chance to pay back their loans as a percentage of their income. oryou're a firefighter school principal, or you are a social worker, or police officer , whatever you do that you want to do but you do not make a lot of money, you will not have to pay back at that high interest rate. you will pay back at 10% of your income. when i got out of law school i wentto the defense fund i to a nonprofit. i wanted to work for kids. that theky enough university offered me the chance to pay it back as a percentage. loans, he was a law professor, i became a law professor. each making about $14,000 per year. we were paying back our loans by what we could afford.

went people to make this as a compact. everybody has to do their part. colleges need to pitch in and get the cost down. the federal government will partner with states. we had this with medicaid. the state does not want to partner with the federal government. i will go to institutions like this one. i want community colleges to be as inexpensive as possible. it is an important step for a lot of young people. so, thank you very much. [applause] >> all campaign long. c-span takes you on the road to

the white house. unfiltered access to the candidates at town hall meetings, news conferences, rallies in speeches. we're taking your comments on twitter, facebook and phone. campaign eventy we cover is available on our website at c-span.org. >> washington journal is next. we will take your phone calls. later this morning we look at the labor's relation board. it is on franchise contract workers. that is live from the senate town committee at 10:00 eastern time. coming up this hour, we will get an update on the transpacific trade deal and where it stands in congress. from daniel i can send of the cato institute. sanchezwoman loretta will talk about military training and some of the strategic challenges the united states faces around the world.

a conversation with diana owen about the housing market and the real estate industry. you can join the conversation by phone and facebook. >> the senate's arm service committee is for general sanders. we will be asked about the deadly bombing on the afghanistan hospital. by doctorsekend run without borders. you can see that it 9:30. the clinton campaign has a new ad out today. republicans using the house committee on benghazi for political gain. states the secretary of has come out for tighter gun control measures. this has recent polling showing they are not doing in key states of iowa and new hampshire. our first m