constitution is protecting individuals against state government and not just federal government. it takes some time, because of the slaughterhouse cases, to get the full promise of the 14th amendment, but it is a central case in interpreting that amendment. the one thing that couldn't be said about the decision was that policy,ust a product of it was a 5-4 decision. sides, thatn both actually cautioned against interpreting supreme court justices old and new as just sort of political actors or people who were appointed for a particular purpose and are not distinguished scholars. i made my living arguing in front of justices and i feel realthe current group are

scholars and a really looking to decide the legal issues in the cases. michael: i think that is in the slaughterhouse cases as well, the professor giving a full rebuttal, it is a scholarly, well-written opinion. it has banker sized bitterly by -- criticized bitterly by scholars, it was a decision that applied the rules, at least looking at the legislature. host: you tell us in your book, miller had aspirations and was even hopeful for the presidency and you write that he was long considered to be a key figure in the unraveling of reconstruction. does he deserve that legacy? michael: he does not. because the slaughterhouse case it is not apply to the states,

white supremacy is restored after the reconstruction, african americans could have rights,o the bill of rights, to fight legislation and it when you look for where that doesn't happen, the slaughterhouse case. in when you read the opinion -- protecting african-american right, you know that is not what was intended. "the washington journal" we have a caller -- host: we have a color asking about john campbell. -- anl: he suffered in accident that limited his travel, he went to baltimore and there he continued this practice -- his practice. after arguing a free more cases that were anti-reconstruction -- host: we have a viewer on twitter, please tell us again

were to purchase the book. i am looking. we have a small book we are selling at cost, $8.95, it is available on our website, www.c-span.org. oro andritten by tony m he did a summary of each of the 12 cases. you can follow along with us to learn more about the background. gentlemen, we are just about out of time. as we close, a quick summary, why should anybody care about the landmark case, the slaughterhouse cases. paul: the same reason they should care about reconstruction. one of the areas where americans have a blank spot, but the area that really defines the era of the civil war. they were in part about defining the meaning of the civil war. paul: i would say that i counted six of the cases left in the

series, major constitutional cases that involve not action by the federal government, but by the state government. the reason that those are constitutional questions, the dosons why the states something to you that you don't like him he can't take all the way to the supreme court. this is the 14th amendment. the slaughterhouse case was the first to interpret that. host: thank you for adding to our discussion tonight, thank you to the viewers for being involved. see you next week area -- next week. ♪

>> our original series, landmark cases, continues next week with a look at a 1905 case. the court ruled that a labor law interfered with the 14th amendment right of businesses and employees to enter into contracts by limiting the number of hours a bakery worker can

work. justices declared it was not justified as a legitimate exercise of police power to protect health and safety. that is on monday on c-span. you can learn more about landmark cases, the series explores the constitutional dramas behind some of the most significant decision by the supreme court, by going to www.c-span.org. and from the website, you can find the landmark cases book, featuring background and highlights of each case. written by journalist tony moro is published by c-span. landmark cases is available for a dollars $.95 plus shipping -- $8.95, plus shipping. >> road to the white house coverage continues in iowa.

, hillary clinton, bernie sanders, martin o'malley are all scheduled to speak. as we wait for that to begin, former president bill clinton spoke this afternoon at a rally for hillary clinton. it was outside the auditorium where tonight dinner is taking place. remarks are about 15 minutes. ♪ ♪ >> i can see it in your eyes bill clinton: thank you. well, thank you. [applause] >> we love you.

bill clinton: thank you. andnt to thank jenny brandon for the introduction. i want to thank katy perry for coming to sing. [applause] thanklinton: i want to all of you for showing up and supporting her. talk i do not want to long, because i have never been in the presence of katy perry before. i just want to say a couple of things. first of all, the american people in the last six weeks hillaryrned a lot about , what she is for, why she is running and what kind of president she would be.

-- and if youatch watch saturday night live, you would know she is a good o.rtender, to several weeks ago, our granddaughter had a birthday and we celebrated our 40th anniversary. [applause] bill clinton: and we had that amazing debate in las vegas. [applause] i have to say, even though i was immensely proud of her and she did great, i was proud to be a democrat, because i watched five hours of the republican debate and you know, none of our people, every disagreement was over an issue, every different of opinion was over whether that course would be better for the american people. that is politics at its best, nobody insulted anyone else,

trying to get out there and change someone's inking, not -- proud.ing, and it made me [applause] bill clinton: a couple of days ago, we had that 11 hour marathon in washington. this, we had friends of our lifetime, e-mailing us seriously counted not she was -- seriously, everyone thinking to his doing great. and they wrote, i think i will vote for. -- for her. this is what i want to say, hillary has run out for big issues, one of them, securing economic recovery and making sure that the benefits are broadly shared, that people actually have a chance to

participate. [applause] this guy, he really thinks you came to see him. give him a big hand and maybe he'll know you got it. thank you. [man heckling] [applause] ]chanting hillary bill clinton: wait. thank you. we got it, will you please quit now? still heckling] bill clinton: they give. [people booing]

bill clinton: thank you. >> we love hillary. bill clinton: give him a hand. [applause] bill clinton: at least that guy is for something. he didn't come to badmouth anybody. that is fair enough. look, i want to say things real quick. one is, we have gotten all the jobs back that we lost in the crash. we got them back two years earlier than the historic average, normally it takes 10 years to do that. -- back, not have the the job security, we do not have the ability to educate people and get out of college without crushing debt back, we do not have affordable childcare. we do not have equal pay for women, that is only -- that is

why we are ranked 28th in the world and it is killing us economically. we have denied opportunities. this is about, how do you create broadly shared prosperity. andve reviewed these plans, one time in 50 years we group together, when i had on a serving you as president. percentage terms, as bottom 20% group as much -- and grew as much as 5%. under president obama, it couldn't happen, because they had to get over that recession. now we have to build on it. we need security to know that you can afford childcare, so they can have access to free kindergarten, so they will not be hurt developmentally and have equal pay for equal work. but nobody who works 40 hours a

week works in poverty. to do that, we need to strengthen families, which is why all these family issues are important. and we have to deal with the fact that the political system is dominated by negative strategies designed to get all these smart people, well-paid, staring hours in rooms at screens, looking for the least little thing they can find that they can turn into a big ad ,aid for by anonymous donors saying that this person who was nice is an ogre waiting to destroy you all. we all know what is going on and we have to reject it. if you want to do something about it, you need to realize that the next president will u.s.appointments to the supreme court.

if you want to do something, you need to stop rewarding the strategy of destruction and stock -- start rewarding people who want to rebuild the country. [applause] is last thing i want to say -- ire collecting someone sign,at the a sign -- va you are letting someone to uphold all the duties of the president, including being commander in chief and head of diplomatic forces, somebody who best to stopr her bad things from happening and make more good things happen. the headlines are bad, but the trim lines are not, there are a lot of good things going on.

a fastest growing economy in upheld latin america has democracy against the odds, we're about to go to columbia where we are getting along better. we are working things out with cuba. things are moving in a different direction. so when you elect a president, you need to say, who is the person most likely to keep bad things from happening and make more good things happen. and we do it together, so we can be part of the future. i do not think there is a question that. -- there. that is what i want you to talk to your friends and neighbors about. that is what i want you to think about at this election, it is about you and your families and your future. vak at that man with the sign, whether you have a veteran

in your family or not, there are problems with the the a. -- va. we had problems with the va when i was president and we fix them. what happened, we ended up fighting two wars and the number of veterans poured back into america with a number of different health care problems, both mental and physical health. and a lot of those from the vietnam era moved into retirement years when they needed more health care and the system was overwhelmed without a strategy. the only thing i want to say is i believe progress has been made, but there is more that needs to be done. hillary was the first new yorker to ever be on armed services committee. i have heard countless nights of horror stories of the challenges facing veteran families and what needs to be done. you are hiring the president to

do with the big things -- to do right, but you are also fighting for somebody to figure out how health care reform can include mental health, how the people that are left out and behind, including people who are caught up in this prescription drug in harrowing craze that is sweeping across role america, not just big cities. to deal with parents who have children with autism and to fix things that the nation must fix like the va system. the last point i want to me, this is a job. when i met hillary in law school , there were only 23 women out of 200 students at law school.

now more than half the lawyers in the country are women. [applause] aidwas working in a legal clinic. when she got out of school, she did not take a law intern job, she would to work for the children's defense fund. in the early 1970's, she went to georgia and alabama to look into the conditions of poor foster children and african-american 14-year-olds who are in jail as adults, to get them out and get them treatment. when she was a kid, when she came to arkansas to marry me, she opened the first legal aid clinic we had at the university. jimmy carter put her on the legal services board and at 29 years old, the other board members, she is still youngest person to serve at that job.

she started and advocacy group for children and parents, she -- ght a group from israel when she was first lady, she addsaw the effort to children to health insurance, a big expansion of health care until the affordable care act past. she worked with republicans to get millions of children out of foster care and into homes. when she was a senator, she worked with republicans to help farmers. i would not be surprised in iowa if you see republican farmers from new york show up here. one of them called me the other day and said they wanted to come back, they said they did not know what party she was in -- he was in anymore, saying that she

was the own person who did anything for farmers and i want to help her. so, that is the person i know and the person america got to see again without all those barnacles in the debate and in those 11 hours of testimony. know that want you to that is why she still has the best friend she still had in grade school. anybody whose best friends in grade school are still close to her, sending out pictures of her high school reunion, which she cannot go to, by definition is a trustworthy person. and i want to say one other thing, then i will get off. and you can get on here.

there has been a lot of talk about breaking the glass ceiling. [applause] i want to talk about a barrier that has not been broken, allowing you to support hillary for me too. i want to break a ceiling. i am tired of the struggle with onstranglehold that has been -- we are laughing, but this is serious. i would rather be looking to the future in america, than in any other country, but it depends on whether we take politics seriously and stop running each other down and start building this up. you can do that. and there are a lot of young people here, one word to you, you need to show up and your friends need to.

one reason why america is so polarized today is that one set of americans show up every time there is an election and then tons of them stay home at the next election, so you have one america electing presidents and another america electing governors, state legislatures, congress, the congressional districts, it is not work that way. if you whine and to negative end tos -- want an negative politics, stop rewarding it. you need to say, i want to claim my future. i know how hard it is. we have been through things like this before. i am no spring chicken, i have seen it all. i promise you, there is not a better position for this country for the future, than where we are if we have the right leadership and if we decide we

will do it together. god bless you. thank you. [applause] [whistling] [cheering] up, live coverage of the jefferson-jackson dinner in iowa. with presidential candidates, hillary clinton, bernie sanders and martin o'malley. until then, a look at campaign fund-raising so far. this is from today's washington journal. aboutare talking fundraising and our guest is dave levinthal of the center for public integrity. let's talk about fundraising. who is leading?

both hillary clinton and bernie sanders are putting up good numbers. hillary clinton is not new to this. by virtue of what we know from her previous campaign, she was coming into 2016 west -- 2016 as a juggernaut. she had a ground game out of the box. she had super pac's that were already raising money in anticipation for her campaign. nobody could have predicted what bernie sanders was going to do. he does not have a big-time super pac, he is not somebody that everybody knows, but he is somebody who has been able to galvanize thousands of americans, including many who madegiven checks and donations. he has brought together not quite as much as hillary clinton. but he is competitive.

bushe republican side, jeb , even though his campaign is struggling, he is -- he has an organization not directly tied to the campaign, but he can raise and spend money. and jeb bush has been raising million so far. likely, that number is a lot more. trump, he isdonald a super pac in himself. he is a billionaire, whatever the number, he has a lot of money. all he needs to do is spend so much dollars, pour it into the campaign. but how much is he willing to spend in a protracted, extremely long and competitive campaign with multiple candidates on the

republican side who are looking for a nomination that ultimately may not be decided until spring or even summer? int: hillary clinton took about $29 million. jeb bush, $30 million. crews at $12 million. is this from everyday americans -ontribute -- tripping - contributing? limited in howe much they can give, $2700 for individuals who can give her election. however, if you want to give to the super pac, one of these outside organization supporting a candidate, and might be supporting hillary clinton, ben carson, might be supporting jeb

bush or ted cruz, you can give as much as you can get. it could be $10 million, there is history for major big-time political bank rollers who are giving incredible amount of money, from the previous elections to this election. that is money to that can be used for television ads and lately we are looking at an evolution where that money is being used for what typically would be associate with operations of the campaign itself, grassroots stuff, holding events, fundraisers, all these things that a couple of years ago, prior to the seminal citizens united versus the election commission decision, it really change the way politics works on the that would've been

impossible. is our senior political writer, giving us information on how candidates are spending money. if you want to ask questions. as far as campaign donations, you highlighted this, for the $200 and under category, about $112 million was taken in. the $1000mes to category, you have $22.6 million, there are various degrees. ine: we do not like to talk -- we like to talk in terms of

small donors and big donors. example,ll take an hillary clinton, her campaign quarter,st in the last about 17% of her money from people who were hobbling together these $50 donations and $100 donations for the campaign. to be healthy, to be energized, to translate into volunteers. the people in states for example in iowa where it's absolutely