pacific on c-span's "q&a." now the u.s. efforts to fight the influence of terrorist groups like isis on the internet. this is from today's washington journal. >> our first guest is with the american enterprise institute. he worked for the bush administration, good morning. we hear a lot about how isis uses social media and wider success. tommy what you think that is. i think they have put a huge amount of effort into it. the second reason, which we should not forget is that isis has a very powerful message. unlike other terrorist groups. , thatbuilding a caliphate is to say its own empire. it has been quite successful.

whereas al qaeda, their theme has been islam is under attack, isis theme is that islam is on the attack. that is very attractive to thousands of young people around the world. of social as the use media, how does that work on a day-to-day level for isis. isis is a very sophisticated operation with a few people at the top giving orders. it is very much a top-down kind of operation. lots of people are doing it. for example, there is an just and peace washington post recently about how during one of these horrible executions extravaganzas that they do, they cameras doingwith video. cameras doing video. that video then went to several other people who edited the video, and put it online. they have probably 50,000 twitter accounts.

network.ast it does not appeal to all that many people around the world, but it is used mainly for recruiting purposes. has twoi put it is isis different approaches. propagandass approach, which is not all that in sophistication from what hitler used. the second thing is they target recruits and apply not just social media, but also personal approaches, sometimes by phone, sometimes in person. that is what they are after at this point, getting more recruits. partly because that is a morale booster for them, a sign that they are doing well. that is important to continue the flow of a few thousand

recruits every month or so. the internet, does the united states have some kind of targeted response? guest: yes. overresponse has ramped up the last year. it is under the direction of the person who is my successor, richard stangl, who is the undersecretary of state for public diplomacy. it is moving -- i would say it is moving well. i also think it has been somewhat slow. it is something that is very difficult for americans to do. we are not all that great at propaganda. i'm not sure how effective it has been. i have been critical of some of the things they have done. i think the general effort is exactly right. host: tell us a little bit about this effort. of the things they are doing is they had a program called "think again, turn away," which i have some doubts about.

they are telling young people, this is really terrible, and show pictures of people being beheaded, so forth. that unfortunately may be a plays uptractive, and the importance of isis. they are also doing something that i think is very effective, or supporting something that i think is very effective, which is having people who have gone and then leftsis, because they became disillusioned, and by the way, it is not easy getting out -- putting them on camera, and talking about their experiences. i think that is the single most important thing we can be doing. they are doing that or supporting those kinds of efforts. they are doing other things as well. i think it is starting to be effective. a lot of the anti-isis activity on the web is not coordinated by

the u.s. government, it is spontaneous or being done by groups that are completely the government. there was a story in "the new york times," i think yesterday about a large indonesian group, probably one of the largest islamic civil society groups in the world doing a tremendous amount on the internet. people are simultaneously mocking isis' videos. there is a lot going on on the web to counter isis, both organized and not organize. host: james glassman is our .uest to talk about isis if you want to ask him questions, you can do so. (202) 748-8000 for democrats. (202) 748-8001 for republicans. (202) 745-8002 for independents. post on her twitter page, @cspanwj.

or you can post on her facebook page, facebook.com/cspan. you mentioned, "think again, turn away," we have a video from that. we will show it to you and get your thoughts on it. [video clip]

host: part of that relies on testimony, i guess. guest: right. testimony is tremendously powerful. there is no doubt about it. i would prefer -- maybe this is for oneetic -- person to talk before the camera and say, "this is what happened to me. go there are lots of stories. i think those stories are very powerful. there are several problems with telling the stories you read one of them is that, as foreign fighters have come back from syria and iraq, and there are a lot of them, governments are about bringing them back in. they would rather put them in prison, or not allow them into

their countries because they are worried that they could be -- they could do terrorist acts when they are in the country. those are the people to put in front of the camera. host: an american voice, per se, would not have any impact whatsoever. all of these kinds of videos are not in english, they are not aimed at americans, although americans have gone over.on this video starts off in a way that i do not know how effective it is to say, this is what you and you'reromised, not going to get it. and other words, you are building up when you have been promised. i think this is better than the "think again, turn

away" video. this came from the website, the other one is there too two. i think one of the important things to remember in the art of persuasion is that it is essentially emotional. we like to, especially in washington, make rational arguments -- this is wrong. this is something i learned as undersecretary of state. one of the biggest myths we have going is the west is out to destroy islam. one of the things we can do is , we foughts not true on the side of islam in places like kuwait, etc. that does not work well because rational arguments actually sometimes get the person you are it just o convince --

does not work. an emotional argument works better, and emotional connection, let's put it that .ay when your thing, look at all the terrible things isis does, to a lot of people, that may be shows how powerful isis is. it is dangerous, i think, to approach these kinds of questions from a rational way of view like, no one would want to join an organization that chops .eople's heads off actually, that's our organization is seen as powerful. i think the best message we can get across is that isis is not winning, they are losing. that is hard because certainly in some ways, isis is winning. we can amplify isis' losses, and i think that is more effective. host: the first call is from

in connecticut.ect caller: thanks for taking my call. jihadi's are proving to be dangerous. englishman, and now this parisian jihadi, they .re all media jihadists all of these westerners are the savvy ones. against thee fight west. what are we doing to keep our eye out on these media jihadists coming back. paris had to rely on the king of morocco to find this guy? what is wrong with europe? guest: there are certainly americans or westerners who have gone to fight for isis. many of them are involved in the

media side. there was a "washington post" story the other day that said the people who work for the media part of isis are paid about seven times as much as a foreign fighter. obviously, they're not doing it just for the money, but it is very hard to stem the flow. what we can do is target exactly these kinds of people. hashead of google ideas done an excellent piece in "foreign affairs," where he talks about how to do that. part of it is denial of service, trying to get these people off the internet. part of it is using some of the same techniques we use against violence, such as infiltration. we have to see what jerry calls

a mount what jerry calls counterinsurgency. host: don from california, republican line. clipr: i saw that little you had of the anti-jihadist video. it lame anti-smoking commercials that we wasted millions of dollars on. if this is what we are fighting isis with on the internet, that is pathetic. this is really bad and sad. these videos are people are cutting their heads off, people are watching them not because they are spectacularly edited, it is because they are bloody carnage of people's heads getting cut off and a lot of gruesome people like to see something that. you are not going to fight that. why bother. what you need to put out for

propaganda is the smoking hole in the ground where isis used to be. like your guest list saying, isis is winning -- like your guest was saying, they are winning because we are not fighting them. i don't want to fight them on the internet, i want to fight them with missiles and bombs and bullets on the ground and kill them so that the only things left are the stupid videos. host: thanks. guest: i think the caller makes a very good point. there is a connection between perception and reality. we can talk all we want about ,hese things that isis is doing but what really has an impact is that the caliphate is not ,orking or is not being built and that the promises are not being kept.

it does require success on the ground. when we have success we want to promote them. one of the things that isis has done is a tens of videographers to its battles and shows its victories. we should be doing the same thing. there is one other message i would just touch on, we need to provide a vision for people in iraq and syria and other parts of the middle east for what our .nstincts would be isis has one. they talk about this caliphate, which is kind of a seventh century idea, but what is our? -- what is ours? what is our vision? i say this in two senses. one is, can we and others in the middle east establish a true democracy or some kind of free government in places like syria and iraq, where sunnis and shia ?ave equal rights

do we have that vision? right now we don't have it. the second thing is to promote universal ideals of tolerance, freedom, and justice. we need to do more of that. kate -- caller from stanton island, democrat line. caller: i would like to talk to the guest about homegrown terrorism that has been going on. i noticed his they have not been talking much about planned parenthood. i think that is more of a problem than any refugees coming , bombing planned parenthood clinics. host: only because we are foreign terrorist groups, we'll move on.

haley in texas, democrat line. caller: hi, i am calling from dallas. my question is this. i hear the word isis, i cringe, because that is what they want to be called. their name is propagated by the and all that have to do is behead somebody in 10,000 times a day the word isis, which is a grandiose name for a few that are neither muslim nor a state. they should be called daesh. they hate to be called daesh. in syria and iraq they threatened to cut people's tongues if they call them daesh. why are we calling them a grandiose name they want to be no -- known by? guest: i think is a good point. thenotice in the video clip

word daesh was used and i am hearing more and more from u.s. government officials the use of that word, and you are absolutely right, it is something they don't like. it does get confusing. there is the atomic state, .here's isis, there is isil but yeah, i think it a good idea to call them the name they don't like. (202) 748-8000 for democrats, (202) 748-8001 for a public and, and (202) 748-8002 four independents. james glassman joining us to talk about how to fight terror groups. there is a headline that i wanted to talk about. the group isis has an english like which magazine, and it uses it to tell the message that those who would participate would face the concert was on judgment day.

talk about the magazine aspect. is there a print arm? it is an online magazine. i am action not sure that they produce a print magazine. they may. and let meslick -- just say one thing about isis. it's media doesn't really are sophisticated, but they are nothing compared to where we are. it is kind of amazing though that this terrorist organization has pretty slick stuff. biq is actually the name of the city where according to judgment day or the apocalypse will be realized. i think it is important to understand what the ideology is. but yes, they have interviews.

it tells you how to make weapons . it is a pretty effective and terrible kind of instrument. da, mooresville pennsylvania, democrat line. caller: i would like to know -- you want to have us working on the internet to take down this much iand if we have so would like to know how anonymous can go down there and take down 20,000 sites in a day and a half, and we can't even do one thing to stop this. say you want to do it from the cyber area, then why aren't we doing it? i will take my answer off the air. guest: unfortunately i can't answer that question because i don't know the answer, but it's a good point. anonymous has targeted isis and anonymous has gone after them. there is no doubt they have done all sorts of interesting things. host: that is the hacking group, anonymous. guest: the hacking group.

substituted viagra ads for things that isis has put up, that kind of thing. there is also a debate within the intelligence community about whether the site should be left up, because we can gain intelligence from the fact that there is -- that there are online conversations going on. but i think in general, and this is what jared cowen's article says, we need to be much more effective in reducing isis's footprint. debbie in lansing, michigan, independent line, go ahead. know why would like to we have not hired some of these of sophisticated hackers to embed a virus into these websites, that when you access it it fries your computer. guest: interesting idea. i think that a lot of attention has been given -- to my

knowledge, don't forget i have not been at the state department for a years or whatever -- for ight years or whatever -- so don't know everything that is going on. there may be efforts exactly like this. but it it is my impression that a lot of the effort has been on the messaging side rather than on the technology or tool side. that is why one of the reasons i like the article in foreign which is really talk more about the technology and that is what you are referring to. host: as far as the wind isis reaches out to those they want to get a message to, how do we do that in reverse check out who are we reaching -- how do we do that in reverse? who are we reaching out to? guest: it is not easy. we are trying to identify people who would be subset -- deceptive -- receptive to isis messaging. one of the things we have heard about is the idea of targeting

such people through google ads. so if somebody googles, how do i get from belgium or minneapolis to syria? we can'tt person -- arrest that person, certainly, that we can do is automatically put a counter idea into that person's head. then we can follow the person on the internet as well. we don't have to do it just at that point. there are some sophisticated means of getting at people like that, but it is not easy. obviously not everybody who is in the target age group is going to go for isis. how do you find the people? we have got a problem in doing that. i believe that stemming the flow of foreign fighters, of recruits, is the single most important thing we can be doing

at this point, because as i said earlier, not only does that denied them the kind of cannon fodder that they need, but it also is demoralizing to them if their flow of recruits goes down from 1000 month, or whatever it is now, to 500 month. that is a signal to them. it is a signal that they are losing, and it is an important signal. host: sorry, i thought we took debbie. ray ino to read top --ra dallas, texas, democrat line. caller: i love c-span. i am so glad you have it on. i just watched a very interesting video on pbs frontline this morning. to see how they are recruiting these kids, their young kids. it is pathetic. but here's my question. aside from all the things that

we have done that probably were not good, specifically within -- with invading iraq, in your mind -- and i want to try to phrase this in such a way that it makes sense -- let's go back to the , and whoever gets elected in office, or even with obama, if you will accept it, -- if he will accept it, go to congress and ask for a declaration of war. i believe that is important. we need to do it. thinkmay be people that it is not necessary, or that obama or whoever is the president already has that power, but i believe that if we went and sold this to the public , and made a very hard drive to the public of how bad isis is, made a declaration of war, and

then come on tv, tell the americans look, this is the deal. days -- these are very bad people -- host: we will let our guest respond, thanks. guest: i think the important message the guest is getting across is that we actually need to defeat isis on the ground in order to defeat it in the communications sense. we defeat it a communications sense but not on the ground, that won't work. two things are links. i do think it is important. as iingle best message, said earlier, that we can be getting across is that isis is losing. we can get that message across in even if isis is doing now, because isis is being defeated in certain places, and we need to be playing that up. but the fact is that as isis start losing on the ground -- and i hope that happens -- we have a powerful message. host: chicago, illinois, here is

william. go ahead. caller: good morning. first-time caller. this is more of a comment than anything else. i think we failed to look at the historical aspect of why these things are transpiring. had -- we don't look at the ottoman empire and how these and thents were created blowback as a result of these governments. look towardsdon't the ideology, we look more at body count, which was the mistake of the vietnam war. i think it is important for us to win the hearts and minds of people in the middle east instead of demonizing them and declaring war on them. what is your aspect on that? thank you. guest: let me elaborate on the

point of that ideology. first of all i just want to say, your last comment i just don't agree with. we are not making war on the people of the middle east, we are making war -- to some extent, and i think we should be making more war -- on a group of terrorists who have proven to be quite powerful. but i think the point about ideology is really important. this is an organization driven by ideology. we should not minimize its importance. when i was at the state department that was really what i focused on. think we should take our eye off the ball. we may consider the ideology ,hat they have kind of wacky but it actually does drive people. the point about building a caliphate, even if it is a throwback to the seventh century , this is what is motivating people.

we have something else that motivates people and it has motivated the vast majority of the people in the world. i think we did to stand up for that. it is bill from mobile, alabama, democrat line. caller: good morning. i would like to question his point about a goal of democratizing the middle east in contrast to their ideology. we tried that. that was george w. bush's goal when he went into iraq and afghanistan, oh, we can build up the middle east, democratizing. that would be wonderful. areare these people -- we saying we are going to impose our government on their way of life? is that really -- is that realistic? i really question that as a goal of our country and would like a response. guest: i may be naive, but i think virtually everybody in the

world wants the freedom to choose the people who run their government. that is what democracy is. use whatever word you want. one of the things we have found is that democracies tend not to make war on their neighbors. so it is better for the united states, for our own security -- forget the moral aspects of it, and i don't want to forget it, but for us to promote democracy, justice, whatever word you want to use. it is isis and other terrorist groups that are denying the people around the world. and as far as whether they want it or not, the fact is that there are many examples of muslim countries that are democracies, or fledgling democracies. just look at indonesia, which is the largest muslim country in the world. look at india, which has many hundreds of millions of muslims.

i don't think that that is a far-fetched goal at all. my main point was that we need a vision, that people -- especially sunnis -- who are attracted to isis on the ground because they are being oppressed by their government, by ,overnments in iraq and syria they are looking for some kind of vision. yes, a lot of it has to do with tourity but a lot of it has - do with the ability to make their own choices in life. that is freedom, or democracy, or whatever you want to call it. are we the only country that is getting anti-isis messages out there? guest: no, not at all. the eu is doing that. and there are people who are doing it on their own. people can look on youtube and see some of the things that have been done. some of them -- i don't know how

effective their -- they are, but there certainly is a lot of material out there. surprised ife there is actually more anti-ice is material than there is pro-isis material on the web. host: we found something called coolianey and -- foundation. what is that? guest: it is something started of -- former supporters not violent extremism, but certainly the kind of ideology we are fighting right now. and they have switched sides and are promoters of democracy and liberal ideas. they've been quite effective. one of the things they have done is they have put out some anti-isis videos that are effective.

they are really doing a great job. they are also in the united states, their leaders have come to the united states. host: we have a portion of one of their videos. let's show it to you. [video clip]er.com/cspanw >> it's me. i know right now you don't want to talk to me. , i would tell you that i was sorry. i would tell you that i wish i could text back -- take back every time i sent you a tweet saying that the west had turned its back on us. it all changed. i started sending you all those isil films, going to all those meetings you wouldn't tell me about. -- when i said

that we should fight for what we believe in, i did not mean it like that. host: a different tone than what we saw in the last one. guest: i think it is a very effective video. it really shows the conferences of joining isis. it is not as glorified as one might think. and also, it brings it down to a personal level. these are two brothers communicating. it may be a little difficult to understand what they're saying, but i think it has had an impact. host: for massachusetts, let's go to david on the independent line. you are on with james glassman. caller: i just wanted to follow up on the caller from california talking about the content of the propaganda on the internet to fight isis. thatt wanted to point out

what is readily available on the internet are the horrendous photographs of the women and children, and the destruction in gaza. i don't think that that is too popular here in the u.s., but i'm sure that isis can utilize what is going on in gaza and the west bank, which is basically done in our name, and we support israel. , particularly of a year ago, in december of 2014, with 520 killed -- 500 and 20 -- 520 children killed, and they have graphic videos on the internet of death and distraction. idle think we can produce anything equivalent to that -- i don't think we can produce anything equivalent to that. i don't think that is

particularly relevant to the point. i don't know whether isis uses pictures of gaza or not, but i do think that what they generally do is they have a very simple theme, which is not that islam is under attack, but quite the opposite. that we are winning. not that we are suffering and that we are losing, but that we are winning. that is their theme, and it is a very effective theme. host: here is greg in arkansas, go ahead. wondering ifi was , if we declassified the 9/11 documents and held those responsible for 9/11, if the people in this country and notice,orld would take and see that we are not just the most powerful country in the , and hold those

people responsible. guest: i think we know who is responsible for 9/11. it was members of al qaeda. you don't want that ever happen again and we need to keep our eyes on that particular folk -- focus our eyes on that problem. that is what we are trying to do with isis, and i think with al qaeda as well. host: i know you are not at the state department anymore, the given -- give us a sense of the manpower that is required to produce this? the money, the time, the resources. guest: i don't think it is anywhere near where it should be. we spend most of our money in the public diplomacy area on exchanges, which are great, but they tend to be longer-term. we have really not developed the kind of resources that we should. when i was at the state people,nt we had eight

and most of them had been sick hundred -- the condit -- .econded from other agencies at our counter violent extremes in center -- we did not call it much -- we do not collect that -- called it , but it is not much. not devotede have the resources that we need. i also want to say one other thing. one of the differences between the bush administration and at least the early obama administration -- i think things are changing now -- is that the president himself and the national security council were very much in favor of a very serious communications effort. i think that the obama administration -- my sense is that they have come kind of late to the game, but yes, they now may understand the success of

that. unfortunately this happens with the change of every administration, the new administration comes in and says those guys did not know what they are doing, we will dismantle that. and that as time goes on they realize, that was not such a bad idea. my hope is that as this administration changes, as it 2017, we not dismantle the things that this administration is doing that are good, and we rebuild the apparatus. we just do not have a great tradition of this kind of thing, and what we did have that was dismantled at the end washe 1990's when the usia subsumed within the state department. host: here is john from temple, texas, hide. there are just a couple

of simple things that i think you could do to stop these guys in syria. one is, stop the money. if you stop the money, that works for everything. ifyou stop the money -- there is no money and it, then you will be able to stop everything. that is the way it works. , than they have no money to operate. i think that is kind of simple. you can get all these other things that you want to do and stuff like that, but stop the money. reports, isisall is one of the best funded terror groups that we have ever seen, but it is not only money. also a very powerful ideology. we should not forget that. we need to attack that ideology, and one of the best ways to do that is by promoting what is the counter ideology, which is i

think the ideology that most of the rest of the world has adopted. but yes, money counts, but let's not get ourselves -- there are insane estimates about how much money isis has. maybe it is $1 billion. the united states, less time i looked, is a $17 trillion, $18 trillion economy. if we set our mind to it, if we and ie well -- will -- don't just mean the united states, but europe, asia, the isis. east, we can defeat there's actually no doubt about that. i think we need to apply that. host: let's get one more call. this is connie in new jersey. good morning, you are on with our guest. caller: good morning. i wanted to ask, the longer that isis has so much money, which countries are buying their oil in the black market jacket that

is my first question. , india is very powerful. why don't they do anything about it? there have been complaints that the saudi's are not doing enough, although when you bring up oil there is certainly a theory that they are happy, or at least tolerant of a oil price because it does hurt isis, it hurts iran . from reports that i have read, the isis models -- isis smuggles oil across the border into turkey, and there is a very that ismuggling chain producing quite a bit of revenue for isis. we have been attacking that think that we ought

to be doing a better job of it, but we are never going to cut off the complete flow of funds to isis. they also make money from kidnapping. as i think you know, they have broken into banks in iraq. there is money coming in. i don't think we should overestimate the importance of money, but they are able to pay people like these media experts $700 a month. but it is not just the money. it is also the ideology and the relative success, and what we have been talking about today, the sophistication and communication. but these are all things that i think we can overcome if we set our will to it. host: if you had the chance to advise specific steps his administration could do as far as using social media and the internet, what would you advise? guest: a few things that i have talked about our, kind of

messaging that involves people who have been to isis land and have changed their minds and can talk passionately about why they have changed their minds. second, one of the things we have not talked about today is providing opportunities for young people. not just things to do, but also in inspiring them in different ways to be nonviolent and not go down this path. that is what i did when i was at the state department. i think that those kind of things are effective and we should be doing more of that. but i also think that we need to hear from the administration a much stronger statement of ofport from the kinds efforts that are going on now. they need support, both funding and i think an expression of support from the white house that this is really important. , originallyglassman

younger,state (202) 748-8000. 50, (202)rs to 748-8001. for 50 years and older, (202) 745-8002. congress is back on the hill this week. to give us a preview, niels lesniewski. give us a sense of what the breakdown is between the house and senate as far as activities geared what are the big things that have to get accomplished this week? guest: really the first item up for business in both the house and senate are things that do not necessarily need to be accomplished, but on the house side, they will be addressing a

resolutions,al involving the environmental protection agency. that is a special legislative process that allows for these resolutions of disapproval which already passed through the senate to get to president obama's desk, however, of course, when it is the obama administration, the epa came up regulations, they are certain to face the veto pen. on the senate side, we are looking at the budget reconciliation process coming up, assuming all goes well, at a conference meeting on monday , sometime in the second half of the week could be the extended voting. that would be a measure that

would repeal as much of the affordable care act, or .bamacare, as they can before the thanksgiving lot on theeard a topic of syrian refugees. is that on the agenda at all? guest: the discussion about syrian refugees, as well as the question of what to do about the visa waiver program, and the european citizens, and others to enter the united states, without needing to obtain a visa as a taurus, or sure to business meeting, or the like, that will certainly be on but there is nothing bubbling up yet, in terms of how the senate will address that. what i will say is this is where

we will get into the discussion that willher or not be tied into the government funding measure. the omnibus appropriation measure will need to arrive by the second week of the month. that is where the big test will be, whether or not there needs of syrianandoff refugees. ist: part of the discussion whether or not there will be another government shutdown. how is the outlook of that happening? guest: since there has been a budget agreement, there has been less likelihood that there will happeningown showdown

. it is not to say they're not lots of negotiations still to be done, including things like .olicy writers there is also, i would add, even before we get to that point, a more immediate deadline facing lawmakers to once again, either extend, or finish, the surfacersial report on transportation. there is no shortage of things that have to be done within the next two weeks. the thing they have to be careful about is make sure they do not accidentally take too long doing anything, and then have a shutdown. host: you hinted at this, how many working days between now and the end of the year? guest: that is a really good

question. as few as 10, probably. is whendecember 11 everyone would probably like to be out of here. a possibility that they work through september 18. that might be likely. certainly, no one wants to get closer to christmas. christmas falls on a friday this year, so ideally they would like to take the entire week off. host: news wa the house is back tomorrow at 2:00 p.m. eastern. they have to come to some agreement on highway funding by the end of the week. on senate is tamara at 3:00 the nomination of gayle smith to be the administrator for the united states agency for

international development. of the house on c-span and the senate on c-span2. >> c-span presents landmark

cases, the book. explores 12 historic supreme court decisions including marbury versus madison am a korematsu versus the united states, brown versus the board of education, miranda versus arizona, and rovers is wait. landmark cases features -- features introductions, highlights and the impact of each case. tony mauro and published by c-span and cooperation with cq press. is available for eight dollars sunday five cents plus shipping. get your copy today at c-span.org. c-span takes you on the road to the white house. att access to the candidates town hall meetings, speeches, rallies, and meet and greets. we are taking your comments on twitter, facebook, and by phone.

every campaign event would cover is on our website, c-span.org. ms. swain: welcome to c-span's "newsmakers" on this thanksgiving weekend when the real countdown to the iowa caucus begins. you will meet the chairs of the democratic and republican parties joining us from iowa. on the screen is jeff kaufmann, the iowa party chair. let me introduce you to the reporters who will be introducing him. sahil kapur and karen tumulty. mr. kapur: iweb voters have determined the candidate twice. why do believe that iowa should go first and selecting nominees, if they do not reflect the larger republican electorate? mr. kaufmann: fair question. four years ago, mitt romney was in a virtual tie with rick santorum, losing in e