looking forward, i think you will see a continuation of obama's climate agenda. you still have some regulations that have not come out, for example, methane regulations on the oil and gas industry are expected next year. you will see a lot of legal action, as soon as next week, in fact, a court decision on whether or not to delay obama's climate role as the lawsuit goes through. i think there will be a lot of smaller steps after the last six months of a lot of action. host: amy harder from "wall street journal." thank you for your time. that is it for our program today. another program comes your way tomorrow at 7:00. see you then. [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2015] [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. visit ncicap.org] ♪

>> tonight, journalist colin wondered explores cultural divides that defined today's politics. here are some of his comments on how red and blue is based on cultural difference. >> you can see, if you really want to understand the red -blue politics, you have to look at the county level. that is where you start seeing the divisions. you can see it right there. presidential election maps. you can see western reserve of coasthat way, the left deep south.he

no, i have not messed with the colors. this is the 1916 showdown between woodrow wilson and charles huge. theblicans was almost exclusive party of yankeed om for a century. the parties come and go. the current parties have swapped over the last 40 years their constituencies and their program . it has shifted around. try to understand what has redpened using parties -- versus blue, democrat versus republican. the lasting difference is that really matter in the broader time cultural.

journalists colin odard tonight at 8:00 eastern. his talk place at iowa state university. >> three days of featured holiday weekend on c-span. friday evening at 6:00, congressional leaders honoring former vice president dick cheney at the capital with an unveiling of a marble bust. >> when the vice president had his critics going off the deep end, he had his wife say, does it bug you went people refer to me as darth vader? she said, no, it humanizes you. [applause] 8:30, anay night at in-depth look at policing and minority communities.

speakers include a former st. louis police officer and the washington, d.c. police chief. most people get defensive if a feeling like you are being often said. inng very respectful encounters. demand.versus those things change the dynamic a little bit. afternoon at 2:00, race and the criminal justice system with valerie jarrett, and others. then, at 6:30, portions of the washington ideas festival. speakers include former vice president al gore and and brief letter -- anne-marie slaughter. word,have to banish the "helping" at home. you are still figuring out what needs to be done and asking him

to help. if we are going to get to where we need to go, men do have to be lead parents or fully equal coparents. >> for our full schedule, go to c-span.org. >> the new secretary of the smithsonian institution, david skorton talked about the future of the museum and its research products. aspen institute hosted the discussion last month.

>> it is my pleasure to cure rate for-five times a year these roundtables. thank you, michelle, for always supporting these conversations be in the conversations i curate deal with the arts, but not just the arts, the arts in society, and how the arts intersect and how they can be productive and evermore interactive partners with all the areas of society, which is very much in keeping with the mission of the aspen institute. today, we are very happy to , theme dr. david skorton new secretary of the smithsonian , who comes to us, building on a distinguished career as a indiologist and president academia as president of iowa and cornell. he was appointed as the 13 secretary, beginning this past summer. i can say, as an artist who

visited the museum as a child, and endless source of inspiration is at your disposal, and also german is about of work. i'm proud to serve on the committee for arts and humanities along with others in this room. one of the earliest things we did was partner with richard current in disaster recovery in haiti. in that spirit, we welcome you here. i'm also proud to say that my boss and great leader, walter thisson will be moderating discussion. he needs no introduction other than he is a chronicler of great men.

mr. isaacson: thank you for putting this together. i asked earlier whether i should ,all you doctor president, or secretary. mr. isaacson: everybody else can call me david, but walter, you can call me mr. excellency. [laughter] caller: in your case, it actually fits. when you got inaugurated or installed, i read the speech and heard about it. you gave a wonderful speech about this is magic. playlso allowed wynton to louis armstrong scored. -- horn. talk about how this is magic. mr. skorton: thank you, damien,

for your kind words. damien is a fellow flute player. if you are an aficionado of these conferences, i would not let another one go by without forcing damien to show his stuff . thank you. i do want to knowledge my partner and the person who has taught me so much about the smithsonian, richard, who has taught me many good ideas, which henceforth will be considered my ideas. the installation, which my colleagues are calling the imposition at the smithsonian -- i wanted to set the stage that in isurrency we deal and inspiration. how we deal the currency, if i have time, but it is inspiration. inspiring people to understand what things, dream bigger, make

things, great things, understandings. "magic," meantis to reflect how we bring things together. some of that is based on being face-to-face with an object -- a painting, something that has historical significance, but increasingly have to do with a dynamic interplay of ideas which may or may not have to do with an object. the speech is available. if you have trouble sleeping -- and who doesn't these days -- if you read the speech, you would , sleep for quickly 6-8 hours, and awake with no bitter aftertaste. try it out. mr. isaacson: you talk about being in the presence of an object. you can see all the things digitally, online now. where does the future of the

museum go in the digital age? mr. skorton: first of all, as you know, but you are too nice to say, i don't really know that much about the museum world. i come from a career lifetime spent in the life sciences. i will cardiologist -- i am a cardiologist. .'m an amateur musician uncomfortable in that world. i am just learning about the museum world. .hat is sort of a disclaimer i am reading avidly. i'm reading right now three books on museum studies of various kinds. very frequently, there are articles about the so-called 21st century museum. the most recent one i read was 4-5 days ago in "the new york times." in those articles, there are themes.

these are the ones i am sort. number one, the idea that walter has eloquently raised, the moving from an object based encounter to one where you do not have to be in its site. it could be visual, auditory, some other way. for my ownright now, experience, as a museum goer in a few months at the smithsonian that institutions, like the smithsonian, which are large, broad, well-known, and i would think to say respected, should and will have a foot in both worlds, preserving the objects that we recognize as part of the american tradition and culture, and yet, as richard and others have been doing, push the boundaries of what can be done. , a very creative

person, began the process of more aggressively digitizing those parts of the collection that can easily be digitized. the collection is 138 million things. -- the the museums entire collection is digitized in some. you don't have to be part of the very small amount of people in the world that will get to be all. unfortunate lake, in our city, there are people that do not get to the mall. that is one theme that sounded. a second theme is the issue of diversity at large. that is diversity in the audience as we are serving, diversity in the employees, the workforce of the museum, the diversity of the programming

that we offer. diversity in the themes we want to touch on. if you want to, i would not mind coming back to controversy later. one has to do with the underlying issue that i think that i think i society is dealing with. that is how much do we focus on the so-called stem disciplines and the non-stem disciplines. the smithsonian touches the gamut. timenger is a long friend of mine and a .ifetime washingtonian he said, let me give you a discretion of the smithsonian, it is everything under the sun. that is what it is. here is an institution that absolutely, posit sibley -- positively needs to make sure we don't focus on the stem

disciplines despite we think about it in vocational terms, economic terms, world leadership terms -- all of that is important and necessary, but not efficient to work our way through a troubled world. mr. isaacson: you seem suited for that because you have a science background as a cardiologist, yet even in your cardiology, what you are most renowned for is your imaging. you have also been a flute player, you love the arts. instead of seeing things like the arts or the stem disciplines, you have stood at the intersection. is there a way to make sure people can get to that combination of the two cultures? mr. skorton: i am a cheerleader for that, i'm not in a part in making it happen. what you do collectively at the aspen is a great example of bringing people ideas, points of view, even different points of

view together. my partners and colleagues at the smithsonian have done a fabulous job of doing this across disciplines. i think we could do a lot more. we are doing some be organizations now that we are still in the midst of the i hope will set the infrastructural stage to make it a bit easier to think across the lines. mr. isaacson: at cornell, where gones are less -- you have cross dimensional with big ideas. mr. skorton: when you have a venerable institution that has been around for very long time, and the smithsonian is one of those, cornell is one of those -- the only sure way to do something different is to turn a page on a new chapter. when our wonderful director of the soon to be open national

museum of african american history and culture -- which is beautiful and profound, both -- he will turn a page and start a new slate. expiration of explana african american culture in this country that we need. it will be exactly what you're talking about. that will touch history, culture, science, almost every think you are talking about. as hard as that is to do, it is easier than taking something that has been existent for 50-1 years and turning it -- 50-100 years, and turning it. cornell, the new campus being roosevelt island was such a clean slate. mr. isaacson: our bob steele was involved in that. mr. skorton: bob was deputy mayor of economic department.

citywas presence in york economic development corporation. their idea was -- they analyzed new york city, one of largest economies in the world, and they discovered that although the prediction was ,inance, media, fashion biomedical studies would always be part of the new york economy, in the tech center, there was a relative shortage of graduate training tech officials -- , a legibleientists engineers -- electrical engineers. that campus is being put together with no departments. no departments. waeree set up hubs, for lack of a better term -- three areas where we could bring together strands of

different disciplines. those were healthy living, the broadlynvironment -- including transportation infrastructure, green tech, and .o on -- then, the media short of turning a page and having a blank slate, it is a tall order. places like the smithsonian have to be distinguished because the disciplines are excellent. if we ban a focus on individual excellence, we will get nowhere by combining them. where we can do things like what it.can create otherwise, it is an organism and has to be handle very gently and carefully, and it has to be bottoms up. it is not from a top leader --

that one person to say, now you have to work together. it has to come from the grassroots up. mr. isaacson: you mentioned the importance of having younger and diversity being part of the future of the university. mr. skorton: you look at me and why don't you say "even younger?" [laughter] mr. skorton: from being an higher ed for so long and working with undergraduates, my wife, who is the source of my great ideas, w had the idea that we should live with a freshman. mr. isaacson: that is something that i would not consider a great idea. mr. skorton: the latest thing she is talking about is having sleepovers at the museum. mr. isaacson: that sounds like a

good idea. [laughter] mr. skorton: you think it is a good idea, but those floors are marble. [laughter] mr. skorton: when you think about the higher and experience, i always thought that our ideas about some aspects of academia could not depend on an audience s response. aspects like the way we do have consumer input, or whatever the right word is. i want to emphasize more public input into how we do our planning. specifically, we will set up a youth advisory council here in washington. i have a wonderful experience, talking to mayor bowser about it. she was very kind to spend time

with me. she endorsed the idea. we will work on it together. we hope to bring high school freshman,perhaps sophomore's, from all over the d.c. area, and show them some things we are thinking about. in the case of people who preceded me as leaders in the smithsonian like richard and others, they have artie done a lot of that kind of stuff here at in the national museum of national history, when you first enter, turn to the right, us.re's something called quri it was designed in part by washington high school students. it is fantastic. there is an art lab attached to and garden.useum they don't even have to be students -- i was in there a couple of days ago -- they do everything from state fighting

to dj work to postproduction it.c, sketching, you name youth programs, but i need input. we will set up this youth .ouncil you cannot have your customer tell you exactly what to do. i'm reminded of the book, "the innovator's dilemma," where one of the many interesting ideas in the books i remember so clearly is you want to listen to your customers, but you have to convince them. mr. isaacson: that was an old steve jobs' line. ask yourd said, if you customers what they want, they will say a faster horse.

my car when i was 16 years old was an i mpala. guess what? i just got a new impala. mr. isaacson: we have talked about, around the country, getting, for people in high school and early years of college, especially from less served communities, getting them involved. it will be good. you mentioned earlier, .ontroversy uponeem to either stumbled or strive through these great controversies. tell us your view of some of the controversies and how you propose to handle them. mr. skorton: i would love to

talk about. the one thing i will not do is second-guess decisions made before he got there. it is very hard to do that. let's talk about the general proposition. to me, the general proposition is that creative activity will ften and gender controversy. ces.k about the scien someone may have a good idea that sounds like a good idea, but maybe controversial -- because it is a new idea and stepson peoples conceptions of what they based their careers on. and science, we are used to having actual arguments over points of view. you know about this. also equally true in the arts. we think about contemporary art, which, in every generation is what is happening now. i believe the artists, whatever , mayof artist they are

perceive the world a little differently. they may perceive trends sooner than the general populace perceives trends. reflect thathat currency of reality, they may bump into people who do not share that point of view. years go by, generations go by, and perhaps it was a perception of something that was earlier true, but whatever it is, it will engender controversy. we have to be ready for it. axioms to me would be if a professional, a curator, backed by normal institutional processes decides to put something up, we should not take it down. even if there is public outcry and concern. one example right now is margaret sanger's bust in the

national portrait gallery. and that particular case, i cannot be more supportive of the that we have to tell the story of our country, both ands that we are proud of at.ts that we shake our head o t it does not mean we have to be arrogant, that we cannot think more actively in a preemptive way about what may be controversial. mr. isaacson: have you had an example of that that you have had to face? mr. skorton: the bill cosby supported event at the museum-american cultural . i'm also supportive of that.

i think it was important to understand the reason of that andnot punish the artists those who want to perceive the art because of problems or potential problems mr. isaacson:. mr. isaacson:you have not walked that back? mr. skorton: and i want. -- i wont. mr. isaacson: there is a lot of discussion these days about political correctness on college causing controversy are trying to stop people from doing things. what did you learn at cornell about that issue when you applied to the smithsonian? not had to: i have apply that much of the smithsonian, just having to e entrances.hat interes my view is the leader has to get out and face them. my approach to student protest

was to talk to the students. they did not always want to talk to me, but i wanted to make offer. it was important to leave my ego at the door. mr. isaacson: the issue of political correctness. mr. skorton: i'm going to get there. this is like a paragraph, not a sentence. [laughter] mr. skorton: here is the thing about political correctness. it is one way of looking at the world. we call it political correctness in a pejorative sense, but let's say, what we began to use gender-neutral language -- i think is very important to use gender-neutral language. it reminds us to think of the world as be on people that look good-lookingme, as as we are. when you use the term political in aectness pejorative sense, it you mean

limiting expression, which has to be avoided. bringing a world of ideas together, once again, as aspen does so well is important, and maybe leaders like you and i have to make an extra effort to bring in ideas that make our own bloo i do not mean this to sound fishy says, although it may -- i am there at their service like i was at the university to make sure that a thousand flowers can bloom. when they bloom, something -- that is the nature of the beast. >> that me open it up if i may. questions.

>> i just want to say my family forenjoyed the smithsonian multiple generations. it was a place where we completed our education. i had a question about the museum of natural history. i visited the museum recently with some distinguished guests, family group. i had not been in there for a wild. i noticed some of the changes, but i felt that for the 21st century, he was not dynamic enough. i made a comment about it saying i liked it better when it was creepy looking. the smithsonian has always served as an institution where we enhance our education. i wanted it to give me more excitement about the natural history sciences that i was not feeling. about whatl us more the plans are for natural history? >> thanks for asking the question.

devoted follower of museum, so your opinion means a lot. i was at the meeting of the board this morning, looking at the plans from the director. , youi mentioned earlier can, your excellency. when i talked before about the smithsonian -- should have one foot in the world of things that do not seem so dynamic and exciting, but still a portion of the populace want to be there face-to-face with something even if it may not seem dynamic. another foot in the world where things are becoming more it is inthat museum -- that museum. you may not wander in there correctly if you're not in that age group. they are making an attempt to make things more dynamic while -- giving up the enormity

most of the collection of the smithsonian is a tribute to that the 138126,000,005 million biological specimens. they are dealing with a pretty heavy lift, and that is not to give it the attention -- the intention to preserve those not just for the sake of saying they are preserved, but to make them available for scholars. -- how wonderful it is to be able to go back and look at something because it has been preserved carefully, and yet appealing to a broader populace by making it more dynamic and interactive. they are in the direction of doing that without giving up the former. stay tuned. toyou have time yourself write me and know about it, i would love to see your reaction is that is the direction you are going. am so new to this world, i trying to sort this out. i think you will find that it is

going in that direction. by the way, even if we did not ask it, if you go to the national design museum in new fifth, you91st and will find a very dynamic approach. they are using a digital pen where you can go around and touched a spot on the sign on an object and you get to collect the digital image of that object in your own collection. it is fascinating. across the whole institution, there is an enormous movement in that direction. in each unit, -- >> the cooper-hewitt just reopened? >> it open almost a year ago. museum that is being done by the -- what is happening there? you all are invited.

that is going to be a very different experience, i'm not going to steal her thunder because you want to put her on c-span. [indiscernible] executive director to the staff -- i was excited when i could walk toough the american history see the experiences that are happening over there. you.t to thank place. wonderful we actually look forward to doing something very exciting

with the jazz department. i know that you are a jazz -- i thank you for being there. >> thank you for being so positive. it is very impressive, the music director is charlie, the head of -- at howard. they took pity on me and let me sit for two numbers of the season opener, which i do not tell anybody in case it went south. >> what did you play? a jazz concert and i used to be a producer and dj for a radio show in iowa. i know the literature, it does not mean i can play. number, the other was an old -- original was popularized

na recorded after -- date and electric version. the original that was recorded was challenging. he is a tough task master and he assigned it to me. that was fun. my heart rate went down below 200 just a couple of days ago. if i want to plug more thing for forican history, for those whom jazz is not their thing, those unfortunate souls who have not seen the light yet. there is the chamber music only are there these unbelievably great musicians. i've not gone to one of the concerts yet, but i read a bit about it.

just amazing. >> thank you. i want to get back to the museum of the 21st century and the "new york times," article. my name is eleanor, the manager of the american art -- museums getting rid of their data file loads so they can search across the content of all of them. is, given the great diversity at the smithsonian, it will be wonderful if that article alluded to -- if someone could go from a painting that depicts an invention that happens to be on history and technology to the portrait -- the portrait gallery, something and natural history. that,logy is there to do we are doing in our project. it is not so much a matter of

money. will.ve to have a i'm afraid that the smithsonian can get this kind of collaboration across all the institutions. each are thinking of their own. it is such a wonderful opportunity that i when i want to pass up. somethingu instill for the museum of the 21st century? >> thanks for the question and caring so much about this. we are a -- proud to be a part of the collaborative group. i learned about it a few months ago. bit to push back a tiny conceptually, because we are here to have a frank discussion. i think it is very important that it is bottom up. -- if i can't persuade them that this is a good thing to do, i have a problem in my arguments.

nonetheless, i completely agree with you on the objective. there are all kinds of ways to do that. sometimes they work, sometimes they do not. his early money at people, and so you can only touch is money if you do something you've never done before and collaborate with someone you've never collaborated with a four. it works to a certain extent. partly todent leadership and partly dirty leadership of the directors or the units themselves. which is halfway between, they up here, andr -- they are not down there. i think there is a real will to try to use technology. not just technology, sometimes we get lost everywhere and all of our endeavors. at doing something that technology just because we can, i think there is a

lot of people talking about that. i do not want to sound too pollyanna. disciplineh of the that makes the smithsonian like it is, requires inward looking and protective mechanisms to make sure in a constrained environment that all of the mouh ts are fed. that is a terrible metaphor. at theve that the people level of the directors and the inner secretaries actually want to do this. why would they want to do it? because people who have been leading the center of excellence were people like -- people who say that in coming in there since they were kids, they want to stay relevant. they want to know that the american people believe in it and crave it, and want to be there. they want to make it new and different, but, there's also the matter of 18 million people coming there every year for a wide variety of things.

some of them just want to have andold-time experience, someone of the revenue, and some do not know what they want to. they've never been to a place like that want to see what it is. those leaders have the burden, the responsibility of having to be there 364 days a year. for draggingexcuse our feet. it is a set of responsibilities that have to be met. i think that you will be very happily surprised when you see some of the things come to for decision. as a person who has done biomedical research, the only way you get ahead is to take a swing at the ball, and you may miss it. we talk a lot about silicon valley. those who have written about it, they know that for every good idea -- anything from the -- it -- every decision

is like a hated word. -- dave hall is stopping us from doing what we want to do, and here it is like the castle standing in the way of progress. i think you'll find that from the castle to the desktop of the people cranking it out every day, you will find a spirit of wanting to push ahead while maintaining the tradition. i hope you will keep in touch of -- with me and tell me what is going on. i will keep track of that collaborative. it is very important to have that data placed. that will be great. >> thank you, david. i am curious about the ohio records and how you envision the feedback coming from the bottom up? that elon musk likes

that people directly send to him. idea -- people that have you deal with mid-level advisors or managers who take -- david: it is a tough question. speaker like when a greater question and if i like a good question? >> i also want to end with saying i am sure -- you can take the list. anid: be sure to bring me air mattress. here's what i have done in the past. pastu know as they say, behaviors are the only predictors of future behavior. when i was at cornell, everyone , alll 22,000 students 3000% faculty, all 14,000 other employees. that they all write me everyday?

thankfully no. i had those come directly to me. my lieutenants hated when i went in front of a town hall meeting and give them my e-mail, because they said great, he is only going to forward it to me. nonetheless, i got a lot of feedback. most people do not want to do that because they are freedom retaliation. they are afraid of being embarrassed and most afraid of the rate hearing from you. the worst thing i've done is theng him my e-mail -- other thing i believe of his town hall meetings. there are three kinds of town hall meetings. you have the new people, those who want to show up. kind of like going to the zoo, can they talk or tie. we had a pretty good turnout. there are town hall meetings where there is a problem, an issue. -- if theyization fall upon hard times financially, layoffs in the ceo

calls a town hall meeting, people show up. crisis, we is no already know who -- i had my first of those third kind of town hall meetings a couple of days ago in the national museum of natural history. i'm so terrible at estimating this, maybe a couple hundred people and a couple more online on cyberspace. i forgot what you call it, live streaming. i did that to be polite. e-mails,y, from the meeting with the director level people, at least there is the opportunity for input. whether it happens depends mostly on whether the employees feel that it is safe to criticize and bring things up. the core attribute that is necessary for a functioning organization is the feeling of

employeed every single that he or she can criticize or argue with her supervisor, that they can speak truth to power. that is easy to say and very hard to do. that is what i have been devoting to trying to do. sometimes it worked, sometimes it flopped. especially the case with undergrads, they just disagree and decide the final way to do is to take over the office. sometimes it is ok. sometimes you get a day off. walter, you can take over the castle anytime you want. >> i just wanted to follow quickly on your comments that you do not want to over focus on stem. well-established, everybody knows what we mean when we say it.

smithsonian and your emphasis on not focusing on stem is willing to push the idea of steam and use your powers can make it well fixed in the american psyche. it is terrible to admit this to the audience. i know quite a bit about what it is. i'm always concerned that we do not trade the arts and humanities as handmaidens to the sciences. adding something onto stem, if you do not think about it very deeply, one might think, well, it is important to have the arts because it order to complete thinking about some scientific thing you have to think about it conceptually or communicatively. there is also this value of perception that i cannot get any

other way. so i struggle, as silly as it sounds, i struggle with it is a good idea to have steam. i was very privileged to be on that american academy of arts and sciences group that did that report on the heart of the matter of the humanities and social sciences, not so much the arts. and i have a chance to talk and learn from people as various as bill safire and many others. many, many in the art world. and i do not want to be perceived as denigrating the stem disciplines. because a lot of changes in our world that we take for granted and really like, like the communication technology that is making this whole business possible, would not happen without very robust things happening in the stem disciplines. and if i can just put a plug in for those who do research for society based on competitive federal grants, at a time in

both life sciences and the physical sciences where the tools that are at our disposal for answering scientific questions are like never before, the public has not been able to invest or not willing to invest as much as could be used as fuel to move that engine forward. so the sciences have a very real frustration and shortcomings. in the arts and humanities, quite separately from their ability to help solve problems that you cannot solve with science alone, they have intrinsic importance in so many ways. when i talked to members of congress or right in huffington rbes, or have been interviewed by people like walter, i tried very hard to give both sides of the discussion.

one side is that there is practical value in liberal arts education, thinking about these things read even economically, believe it or not, there is very great data showing earning potential years later, not right off the bat, of liberal arts. tomorrow, i am receiving an award from the colleges of arts and sciences in the u.s. and there is a lot of data that i was refreshing myself on to speak to that august group. quite separate, no matter what the earning potential is, we get a lot of understanding of what we are as humans. i feel so silly saying this in a pedantic way. with ways that have to do with , well, last night, walter and i were at an event at which some music was sung of a patriotic nature. both of us got teary-eyed. we are a couple of old guys. why? because music has that power,

that power. in dance and visual arts and everything else that is not even counting reading poetry. outside of my office, i set up a poem of the week. i have a mature people send in a point of the week. atyou are a poet, send it in skortond@si.edu. poet, send me the lectern. i think it is important that we support that, that we push it, that we do not allow it to be trivialized as a frill. that is what i think. to finally answer your question, what are we doing at the smithsonian? we are supporting with arguments to congress and with philanthropy, recognizing more and more the fact that some of the museums defy categorization. so for example, i mentioned the kuiper hewitt design museum.

what you call design? is it science? is it art? is it psychology? definitely. social science. and so, i am learning and listening, today i'm talking a lot, and i'm listening in general. number two, i'm encouraging people with a bully pulpit, the small one internally. thirdly, i'm try to get on my hind legs and make sure people remember these disciplines are what a lot of us really have used to experience and understand ourselves as people. walter: i think it is so important to talk about arts and arts and humanities with their own sake, not just the utilitarian. i'm sorry. ok, you had a question there, too.

your hand was up first. i will get to you. be patient. >> i was lucky enough years ago, and i went to that facility. it is very much closed. i went back with another group, and there was no air-conditioning. that could affect about three quarters of your collection. is there anyway you could set up something? david: i want to be honest. i don't know too much about the details. i understand the need behalf for more collection, not to trivialize the question, real quickly, i'm still learning. the vast majority of any museum and i know about, not just the smithsonian, it is not on display. it has to rotate. why don't you write me separately. i will find out an answer you by e-mail. walter: i wasn't trying to cut

you off. go ahead. [indiscernible] >> the education division, i am wondering, as a member of the program sometime ago, i think it is a fabulous program. as i understand it it is your continuing education for the washington area. and i just wondered if you have a new vision for it, see it moving in a new direction? david: i will tell you what i've done with the associates so far. i've talked to them. and i have joined as a contributor. so i'm still in the listening mode on that one. i do think it is very important

for a couple of reasons. one, it is a way, as you are inferring, of greatly expanding the excess of the smithsonian. and in a way, it is a way of serving washington. i am a big believer that nonprofits, because we are by definition, whatever our status, private universities, they to -- they need to think about serving the community to the extent we can do it. the taxpayer giving us nonprofit status is making enormous contributions. quite separately, and other settings of the property taxpayers who do not get the credit for that, so still in the listening mode on that would. -- on that one. but i understand it is important for that reason. and congratulations on working at that organization. one of my favorites. walter: you can go online and join the smithsonian associates. which i urge you to do. david: you can go online and spend all kinds of money. [laughter]

walter: let me go to the one in the back, so people do chance to -- people get the chance to present the pay. -- precipitate. >> i had the chance 20 years ago to work on the charles jackson collection, the european arms and armor site. it seems that you are getting away from the nations attic model. have you looked at what you can do to refine and save on storage costs? david: all kinds of discussion going on about that now. thank you very much for the question. nothing conclusive to bring you today. you can imagine the collection that size, on the one hand, it would be great to do what you talked about. on the other hand, not knowing when something in the collection might be important to a scholar subsequently, there is a certain danger in doing that to

vigorously. stay tuned. that is about as evasive answer i can give you. [laughter] walter: on a broader scale, you -- do you think that museums in general which display only a small percentage of what they do are beginning to do a disservice by not having ways, that such a loaded term? david: that is a loaded question and term. i would say that everything that we can do to make our collections more accessible we should do. there are many paths which could be done. with the exception, there is only one. i do think that because museums are set up in the public trust in general, and because of the nonprofit status, we have to operate that way for real -- not just say so. we have to do everything we can to increase access. that is for sure. i understand that the

smithsonian is a special case. when james smithson wrote the terms of the bequest for the united states, he was a chemist. he said that the diffusion you are talking about, the research part, it adds a special twist of complexity. who knows when a researcher and some field is going to want to have access to that thing? it does not mean it cannot be elsewhere. but then that greatly, kate said. there is enormous amounts of scholarly activity in the arts, sciences, anthropology going on at the smithsonian. that is a set of imperatives we also have to meet. walter: give a shout out to james smithson who was a pembroke college alumni. >> thank you. i am a health writer who is also a poet. and i will be sending you a poem.

david: i will write that down. send some bio. on the left side is the poem, the right side is a little bio. we will never know, you can make a lot of stuff up. [laughter] >> thank you very much. i want to say, my kids really got a lot out of the smithsonian when they were growing up. i think it is not necessary to really think about how to package, combine arts and sciences. just putting it there, someone here mentioned it would be good to put more about medicine in the smithsonian. putting more of the arts and sciences next to one another, i think people make the connection. i have noticed in the past years there are some literary magazines that have been founded at medical schools or

associations like bellevue. they have a literary magazine. cuny has a magazine. the ajma i think take poetry. all of it is a great way to decompartmentalize it. david: you have such a good point. the journal of the medical association will have a piece of art uncovered. they will have a description, i don't know if you've seen it, it is fascinating. some medical journals or scientific journals will have photography competitions and so on. i think it is a very good point. i wrote your name down. walter: i think your poem will be displayed. david: and your bio. >> my husband was at that board meeting this morning.

last night, we went to a fascinating lecture about taxonomy and how do you identify these millions of different things. it was a fascinating debate about how do you apply that, meaning, you have signs over here and it is all registering. how do you recognize that as part of the discussion about climate, ecology, biodiversity, about all of those things. i do not know how to do this. but one of the things that would be taking the middle level people and moving the discussion out into the larger thing, just raise what the people are working in the smithsonian in different areas are actually debating among themselves. so that then the public can see this is not top-down. decisions are not made and then just handed down to people. that actually all of these hugely committed staff people and volunteers are actually

having this discussion among themselves. and i think it helps enormously. i am from new york. the cooper-hewitt, there than a -- there are huge discussions going on, and if they were real to the public, i think this will be something that would be fascinated by. david: such a fascinating idea. one of the big areas science -- scientist agonize over, my wife and i talk about it all the time, something what you're talking about all the time. it is an interesting twist. you give me something to talk about with my wife. i wish you called more people your excellency. but anyway, i think it is fascinating. it brings to mind two trains of thought that occupy our time. one is this whole issue of communication of complicated matters outside of the canon.

that is true with the arts and humanities and anthropology. there is a certain amount of churn among the between specialists that i don't think people would use the jargon and get down into the weeds for any exclusionary purpose. it is a search -- a certain efficiency and economy of medication. it does make a harder for other people to participate and to understand. and a second set of issues is that communication per se is not necessarily a skill that is valued or rewarded when you are going through the training to become a scientist. the skills that are rewarded are the kinds that you get a grant sold. it is among specialists. i had not had a chance to talk with him on a couple of occasions. -- fact that the campus

would actually have a formal program bringing in scientists whose a communicator in many and "in doffective that. i want to brag about my wife for a second. she was at the university of ,owa, she created a course something like survival skills for a research career. through which in addition to all of the statistics and learning about -- one learned how to be interviewed, how to speak to the media and write a review article for a mere -- more general audience. she also worked at cornell in a program -- the veterinary college to teach graduate students how to teach. as opposed to teaching graduate students how to discover, which is mainly what we teach them. if we had more of an emphasis -- i want you to call my wife and

fellow that i'm talking about her. i need to get points on the board, and this would really help. she's probably not watching me, she's probably too busy. this what we need to do. ways, ihe universe of think this is a fabless idea. richard and i will be talking about this, it is a very interesting idea. >> nasa question. that is perceived by some united states, it is not a culture that is interested in learning. you feel the obligation to create a kind of exhibit or special events, large-scale things that were actually put flags on the map for that score? >> it is so interesting that you asked that question. i've been struggling with

thinking about that and wanted to establish his youth advisory council. the kind of learning that i'm used to dealing with his formal learning that goes along a path to a formal recognition, like an undergraduate degree, graduate degree, continuing medical education. where it is much easier to plot that passed because you know the eventual hurdle that has to be jumped over. this is a different thing. this is something where it is ,ompletely populous, wide open come one come all, spend 30 seconds at a party exhibition, or spend all day. it is up to you to do it. -- i don't use the word audience, the breath of fellow human beings who are who we hope , are increasingly coming to the smithsonian, even in person, or over the wire -- do you hear how

old fashioned iamb? am? >> wifi. david: anyways. task,a much more bigger and much harder task been teaching at universities were people going there for a specific purpose. harder.ch i think within that non-answer i just gave you, it is true that the people who are actually having their sleeves rolled up and building the exhibits and play the exhibits, and deciding how to do them are thinking about this exact question. sorry for the redundancy. -- an attempt to focus on an approach to contraction of interest over a certain demographic. in h demographic, or what you

will. i think a broader question is, when you are dealing with an institution that attracts and wants to attract throughout the lifecycle of humanity, and many parts of the world, how do you find something that is general enough? with the philosophy has been, i think defensively, has been to let a thousand flowers bloom and try a lot of different things. just like on the faculty level of university, they have been to these creativity of the corridors and professionals in those fields. they will get more feedback on those things. it is one of the things which are at accurate talking about and it is probably a never-ending question. none of feedback, there is a surge in that results. i believe the smithsonian has adhered to a very middle course on this, or i would not been attracted to it as much as i was. you can always try harder in

that regard. it is a big question and we are thinking about it. walter: i think the ability to learn -- there is no institution better positioned than the smithsonian. the task that little sunrise, and we all love it, we feel comfortable with it. i would take the moderator's to do a couple of quick follow-ups to things that were asked and said. you talked about the importance of design and how across the what is your thought at the moment on the arts and industry building? david: the arts and industry is the second oldest building in the smithsonian. the older being the castle where my office is. building for structural reasons was closed while ago.

updatedeen repaired and and upgraded to the extent or weekend began to have some even. i chose to have my installation in the art institute. the first floor are guns, -- the first floor is our done. then, as your gaze wandered, he's on the second floor and there were construction zones safely away from the people. we are still thinking about what to do with that space. a lot of ideas are being tossed around. -- evenowhere as near deciding ourselves of what to do in going public with it. it is a fabulous opportunity to do something important and significant because imagine the precious nest of the real estate. the greatest home-court advantage in the mall and there's not much real estate others are putting up this fabulous museum -- national

museum of african american history and culture. there's not much space left. we do have the arts and industry building. we are spending quite a bit of time talking about it. will have it 1, we open for some events for people who want to a reception or even. we are setting up the mechanisms to do that. something need to do significant with that because we can anticipate millions of visits to that site given where it is. a more technical question because we did not get to the research. you did mention a little bit back of thehe cut federal government and how that is -- for future generations if

we do not have that type of funding. talk if you would about the , one ofsics observatory the lesser-known parts of the smithsonian. what it is doing, and why basic research funding is so important for something like that? david: there are two aspects, thank you for that question. let me first tackled a more conceptual question about basic research and it was also brought up a little bit earlier. view of progress in science as being the sort of linear progress where mad scientist are sitting somewhere underground in a quiet and dark room with sharpened utensils and things that bubble and steam. and they come up with some observation about nature. then that observation is shared with others, perhaps intellectual property is

protected, then it is handed off to the business world where a product or service is developed and it is marketed. ofre is a certain amount economic development in this country. quite a bit of it in the last century was based on that model. you have written about that. at; that theng material -- that, here is the hook on if you take -- i know you have done this because i've seen your book. you get through amazon or bookstores throughout. anyway, if you look at something we consider useful and important now, if you carefully retrace thatteps of the science led that to be enabled, it is a nonlinear path. -- you haveredict to study this particular thing because then you are going to

stall some of the problem later. it does not work that way with science. you have to make an observation for the sake of understanding. then some other mindful figure how to put it together. in that regard, it is very important to recognize that a new things happening in the american economy in which it is not solely near in that fashion. the tech industry is a great example of that were someone can have the same time be developing some concept or programming or developing for the tech sector that a prototype is developed, then it might even be marketed or made available in some form. those steps are being telescoped into something much shorter. you implied that in certain aspects when you're talking about the more modern of the innovators. that is an argument for two different things. ,t is an argument to yes support basic science without having to hang a burden on it and say we are only going to support it if it is obvious how it can be turned into national security or economic development.

we have to have the confidence in the process that makes the united states the envy of the world in science and education to let people follow their nose in terms of good ideas. at the same time, it's very understandable in a constrained environment in terms of revenue increases, the scientists -- why are they put upon? they are put upon for two reasons. one is that the inflation rate of doing science is not the same of goods and services that define the cpi. it is different. there is a higher price do physicalndex -- science research. that has to be vibration free or help science research. it is true that we are not keeping up with inflation. therefore, we are missing opportunities. i don't know what they are, but we are going to miss opportunities. second, we have a lot of trained phd's in this country.

statisticsk at the for how many of those phd's were able to get full board academic positions. most of them are not. my goal is to attract some of them to the smithsonian and another alternative. the fact is, there is in some and balance and because of the funding constraints, we have not kept up with the opportunities. that is a dilemma we have to think about carefully in this country. it touches on immigration reform and a lot of other issues we do not have time to talk about today. about the smithsonian, it is true focused on the diffusion part and not the increase of knowledge. there are areas that i had no idea existed at the smithsonian. i do not know the connection. cambridge,isit giving a very brief panel at day in, the next cambridge, on the to visit it. it is unbelievable. the astrophysics

observatory. broad-basedns observatories in arizona and elsewhere. -- x-rayrun the observatory in outer space. it is unbelievable. is all with siebel's and direction between harvard and the smithsonian. hundreds of scientists figure out things. i would tell you -- i'm sort of a science-fiction geek. subscription to a magazine called "analog." science fact and science fiction. i'm not sure if it is still being published, but i still enjoyed it. maybe it is one of the few things he did not write or edit. [laughter] david: i found a from a couple of the scientist there, there is an instrument we are all working to develop at a bunch of institutions -- called the giant magellan telescope, 82 foot

telescope. there is an instrument they are developing at the smithsonian astrophysical observatory. there i tend -- intent is to identify oxygen -- that is a sign of life. lead, oxygen is only from parent life -- plant life and so on. about somegiddy people part of this the sony are working on an instrument to look for evidence of extraterrestrial life. i never would've thought about that and something these the sony institution does. there are many examples like that but i'm still learning every day. walter: that is why i wanted to get a plug into that. david: there is nothing wrong with pandas. [laughter] i may, just a little putting into the context because

the astrophysics observatory museum is astonishing. something united states is to do a lot more with the magellan. it was to talk about how basic science is not necessary linear, but it is beautiful. things exactly what you go -- 100 years ago this week that albert einstein went to the academy and gave his first lecture explaining general well in -- it was just pierce signs for the sake of science. and time curve and great gravity. it was a beautiful thing. it has been 100 years, but when i pull out my iphone, my daughter is going to be traveling to mexico. we say let's share locations like that. i think of everything from gps to howrs to microchips electrons danced on the surface of a solid-state, all coming out

of what einstein did 100 years ago. we need to nurture that in our society and the place that nurtures us best in all of its aspects is the smithsonian. that yout wonderful have come down. we always love to learn something new about somebody. i have known about your medical imaging and how you treat -- but i never knew, was that you were a dj and flute player at a jazz show on the radio in iowa state. [laughter] radio,if i played on the i would not have any listeners. i just put the cds on. my son and daughter-in-law when they were dating, they used to come to the studio sunday night and we were alone in the studio, and i would say what is the --

what is america think of this new cut? they would say nothing. i said don't just be silent, that is called dead air, people would change the channel. we tried it again, what does the use of america think? thanks, walter. walter: thanks, david. [applause] >> coming up at 7:00, robert kurson talking about his book "pirate hunters" about the quest for the golden fleece that suck off the coast of the dominican republic in the 16 80's. it is part of an encore q and a on c-span2. this holiday weekend, book tv

brings you three days of nonfiction books and authors. friday, back-to-back hearings of afterwards. , aei presidentrn arthur brooks discusses the conservative heart. >> the biggest mistake i think we make on the conservative side a lot, the one that tricked people of the most common is the one that should be the easiest, to get happy. >> 8:00 p.m., cornell west analyzes the life of martin luther king jr. in his book. >> martin understood that not just for christians, but for any aman being who wants to reach level of integrity, ice-t, and decency has a -- if to kill something in yourself, fear. kill your obsession with the status of wealth. >> followed by now :00 p.m. eastern, how faithful people can

change politics. -- beyondn does ourselves. people, what is an affirming, is not central. -- a memoir about her life experiences and local, state, and federal government. identically do anybody any favors by trying to dress up politicians as if we are not human beings who have made major mistakes and major problems in our life. >> saturday evening at 7:00, a and is run from new york city mayor in 1965. at 11:00 p.m., winston discusses his latest book, the generals and the winning of world war ii. >> what are the first questions i'm usually asked, is why did you choose the three men from

the second world war and? my answer is, they embodied what certaine a characteristic of courage, caricature -- >> author david looks back at a turning point in world history and932, the rise of hitler the fdr. alyssa discusses her book, the influence meeting -- machine. >> there's a reason i chose the chamber of commerce as a subject for my book. it is because this single organization sums up the story of how we got here to this place. >> this holiday weekend, watch book tv on c-span2. next -- propose nuclear deal

with iran during a hearing of the senate foreign relations committee. lawmakers focused their inquiry on the october 2015 casting of two ballistic missiles by iran and the ability of the u.s. to enforce key provisions in the agreement. >> the committee has held since we began to see the over implementation of the iran deal. i would to underscore the importance -- i think that was the strongest element of the iran review act. we intend to hold another hearing in january after the administration submit the 180 day report has required by the iran review act.

the, a third, if implementation day occurs, i'm sure there will be more to follow after that and we will work with making members and others to make sure that those are scheduled in a timely fashion. as we begin this process, it is worth noting that whether or not any of us supported or opposed this agreement, the deal is being implemented at present. i think a matter what, anyone's view on the agreement is or was, we all support the goal for preventing iran of getting a nuclear weapon. one area that we all agree on is when he to be tough on any destabilizing or to legal action by iran. with that view, i think the agreement is off to a terrible start. i know we have talked about this and classified settings and today we will talk about it more publicly. since the agreement was signed, iran has convicted an american washington post reporter, launched cyberattacks against the state department, defied a

you can travel ban, and sent -- to russia and exported weapons to syria and yemen and violated the ballistic missile test and ea and i realize not all of those issues were covered. they all relate to our relationship to iran and it is very evident that they are after a very different -- the agreement was the direct two. anyone here point to any substances or consequences. i'm sure that during this hearing, that is going to be a constant thing because we see no evidence of them paying a price for any these actions. instead of consequences, iran got what they wanted and our ministries and supported the easolution at the ia

investigation -- which all of us believed they would get a d mi nus all their actions and it was a f. i know that i will witness say most of these actions fall outside of their due restrictions -- jurisdiction, but i'm not think we can necessarily to oppose consequences on iran for violations of the baskets that's a very dangerous precedent, which we have talked about. before implementation of a nuclear agreement, when sanctions are lifted and sent to iran. we hope you are want to talk to us today about how you plan to enforce the agreement. it appears we are paralyzed at present for fear of iran backing away from the agreement. most of us have talked about the levers -- filling it will be your more difficult for them to be pushed back against. we thank you again for being

here. i look forward to the comments >> thank you mr. chairman. let me pause for one moment on behalf of the democratic members of this committee. i speak on behalf of all members of this committee to congratulate you on an incredible year as chairman of this committee. you have conducted to a leadership on the senate foreign relations committee is the best tradition of the united states senate allowing us to have into veryinput important foreign-policy and security issues for the united states. i want to thank you and congratulate you. i want to remind you that the members of this committee receive a set compensation. it is not based on a number of hearings we have. had setthis committee an all-time record on the number of hearings and briefings, which i think was because of the issues.

with senator menendez on the review agreement but with your leadership, senator kaine's leadership, and others, took on a very important responsibility of trying to do with iran's nuclear ambitions but we also had the deal with russia's activities that were not helpful. from ukraine to syria. we have dealt with a state department authorization bill, we dealt with individual bills and resolutions in a way i think was in the best tradition of the united states senate in this committee so i applaud you and i want to point out as i have said many times, your timely considerations of nominations that we have had so many inactions in this committee was the best tradition of the senate and nonpartisan member. thank you very much.

i can tell you in this committee and senator menendez will agree, the working relationship among the staff couldn't be better. i want you to know that. this is unfortunately our last hearing, i hope. [laughter] on today's hearing. our responsibility on over citing the iran agreement goes well beyond the actions we took in regards after the agreement was agreed to. we have an oversight function and this is one of the first oversight functions of the senate foreign committee. will end upate, we having a series of opportunities during the course of next year as it relates to the disagreement. we all share the common objective to prevent iran from becoming a nuclear weapon state. together, we want to work to make sure iran does not obtain

nuclear weapons capacity. canant to see how we work in that regard. pmd, possible military dimensions, it was disappointing but i don't think anybody was surprised. what it pointed out is that iran cheats and they want to develop a nuclear weapon through covert activities. that's not a surprise, but i think it verifies the point that as we go forward, we need to make sure there is a zero-tolerance from any deviation for iran's obligations under the jc poa. i think that is a lesson learned. i also want to point out that we have to be able to consider the other activities that iran will participate in outside of the four corners of the jcpoa.

their support for terrorism, their human rights violations, their ballistic missile ambitions and tests. plenty first mention -- let me first mention jason and his unlawful detention. over 500 days he's been held in captivity. we need to make sure we don't lose sight of that gross violation of that individual's rights and it runs other activities to violate the human rights not only of its citizens of other countries. situation, wei held a hearing about the incarceration of journalist being a way that you try to prevent a country from dealing with the rights of its citizens i think this is a particular case that you always keep in mind that person is unlawfully detained and an american citizen and we have to use every tool available to bring him him safely.

is ballistic missile test now confirmed on october 10 and .umber 21st -- and november 21. we understand russia and china and their politics but we also know about u.s. leadership and what the united states must do. zero-tolerance of violations. it is not only u.s. actions but we have a coalition of the willing hope, with europe. we will be watching closely with the united states does in response to these violations as well as our influence on our european allies to make it clear to iran that we will not tolerate any violations of their international obligations. i look forward to this hearing and working with you and all the members of this committee in the

common objective to prevent iran from becoming a nuclear weapon state. cardin, inu member light of what you said earlier i want to thank you and your staff for the way you have made sure we had a totally bipartisan ever through the year at a want to thank senator menendez for the town he set before that. and thank all the committee members for putting our national security interest and our foreign policy first. and causing the issues of this agreement to really go by the wayside. this is been an outstanding year. i want to apologize for the drm's. both of us have steps to cover a wide range of issue. you cover all the issues and i think we have hit the wall this year as far as the kind of things that people have.

i want to thank everybody, we had a number of issues that needed to be addressed. the committee together has addressed those in a good way but thank you and i hope we will get some additional nominees confirmed before the end of this week somehow. with that, our first witness is the honorable stephen d mall, leader of the iran the two intimidation as the u.s. department of state, the second witness is a secretary of state for the bureau of international security and nonproliferation. the third witness is lieutenant ,eneral frank plots -- clots current undersecretary for ridiculous security at the nsa and the u.s. department of energy. we want to thank you for being here and you understand we would like you to summarize and five minutes without objection. your written testimony will be entered into the record. with that if you would just go

in the order i just introduced you, i would appreciate it. we thank you for changing travel plans to be with us. >> thank you very much chairman corker and ranking member cardin and all members of this committee. i appreciate the opportunity to provide an update on how we are doing on implementation of the joint competence of plan of action. -- joint comprehensive plan of action. i have served as a member of the foreign service for 30's. shortly after it was concluded in july, secretary kerry asked me to return to washington for my last post as ambassador of poland to service coordinator of implanting a deal. a terrific series of colleagues in the state government and department of energy, commerce, other parts, to make sure the tooa is fully implemented enhance not only the security of our country but also a friends and allies around the world. i am pleased to of my colleagues

, assistant secondary junk countrymen, secretary -- john countrymen, i am especially honored to be with this committee. it has been such a valuable partner in shaping our iran policy over many decades with bipartisan support over a common strategic objective as you mentioned of preventing a nuclear armed iran. our government has numerous and serious concerns about iran's policy in the region which are unrelated to the nuclear deal. we continue to raise concerns about detained americans you mentioned, about iran's support for terrorism, its hostility to israel, or human rights abuses which are rampant. my job is focused on the critical task of making sure the jcpoa obtains its one crucial objective of preventing iran from fo becoming a nuclear

weapons state. hopefully this will skill back to program and provide unprecedented monitoring and verification tools to ensure it is exclusively peaceful as it moves forward. we are making steady progress towards this. october 18 marked adoption day under the jhpoa when the deal came into effect. iran's forming the atomic energy agency, the iaea that it would apply additional 3.1ocol and fully implement which provides for early declaration of nuclear facilities and granting unprecedented access to iran's entire nuclear program from cradle-to-grave. these are two important mechanisms which will ensure the international community has much greater insight into iran's nuclear program than it's ever

had before. they have also issued an official document outlining the the iraqredesigning heavy water research reactor so that it will no longer be able to produce weapons grade plutonium. the united states and european union have taken actions to lift nuclear related sanctions upon reaching and only upon reaching implementation day when all of these commitments will be met. implementation day is the next major milestone. it will occur only after the iaea verifies iran has completed all of the nuclear steps we specified in the agreement. these are the technical steps that will quadruple iran's breakup time to at least a year to the current estimate of 90 days. at that time, iran will receive relief from the u.s., the eu, and u.n. nuclear related sanctions. the time for reaching able mentation day is within iran's control. i reiterate that iran will

receive the sanctions relief under the jcpoa until it has verifiably met all nuclear commitments. since adoption day, iran has been making casual progress to reach those commitments. begun dismantling its uranium enrichment infrastructure by removing more than 5000 centrifuges and transferring them to storage under continuous iaea surveillance. it has begun to move quickly to remove the remaining 8000 in the coming days. iran is also reducing its stockpile of various forms of enriched uranium to no more than 300 kilograms and up to 3.67% enriched material. it will a topless this primarily by shipping a significant amount of material -- it will a compass this by shipping this outside iran while lowering it to the natural of level uranium or blood.

-- or below. we expect this material of about 25,000 pounds of enriched up to 20% uranium will leave iran in the coming weeks. this step alone will significantly lengthen iran's breakout time. as i briefed the committee before, iran must also remove and render inoperable the theting collider's of collider by filling it with concrete. these will effectively cut off their ability to produce weapons grade plutonium. iran and the p5 plus one are continuing to work to advance, redesign, and reconstruct the reactor so it can no longer produce weapons grade plutonium. they have set up a working group to facilitate this project which will begin soon after the new year. the military dimension of iran's past nuclear program, the issue of which all of us have been very focused.

iaea announced iran had fulfilled its commitment under the so-called roadmap verification of past and present outstanding issues as agreed to with the iaea. subsequently on december 2, the iaea director general released the final assessment on past and present outstanding issues regarding iran's to the program. the report confirmed and corroborated what we in the international community have long known, that iran had a structured nuclear weapons program up until 2003. but there are no indications that program is continuing today. assessment gives us confidence the iaea will perform its duties related to the jcp oa vigorously and honestly. this week on december 15, the iaea board of governors in the special session adopted a consensus resolution addressing that report. this resolution submitted by the p5 plus one turns the board's

focus from confirming what we already knew about iran's past activity toward fully implementing the jcpoa. this resolution gives the iaea much better tools for detecting weapons related activities going into the future. we continue to work closely with the iaea as it prepares to implement the unprecedented monitoring and verification provisions of iran's entire nuclear program. the iaea will have continuous monitoring of iran's keyed their nuclear facilities. this includes uranium mills and centrifuge production facilities. these measures specific to the jcpoa will give us increased confidence iran is not diverting material or equipment to a covert program. this deal isn't based on trust, what rather on intense verification of iran's program. that's why we are working so closely with the iaea to ensure it has everything it needs to do this job. we continue to engage with international partners and other

matters pertaining to the implementation of the jcpoa and reaching able mentation day. experts continue to meet with the p5 plus one partners including the eu and iran. the mechanism by which we will, together with un security council, review and approve or disapprove transfers of nuclear supplier group controlled items and technology to iran's nuclear and non-nuclear civilian industry and other items we think are inconsistent with the program. we continue to work with the u.s. government as well as with the eu to make the necessary arrangements to lift the nuclear related sanctions once the iaea confirms iran has completed its commitments and we reject mentation day. the only limitation is in our interest and our partners interests as well. it will place iran's nuclear program on an unprecedented verification and monitoring regime and will fully implement us and the international

community the tools to make sure iran's nuclear program is ask is if we peaceful and make us, israel, and our health partners in the whole world safer. your disposal 20 for seven everyday of the week as we go forward. i look forward to this being the first of many. we value your partnership and guidance as we go forward toward our common objective. >> thank you so much and thank you for that testimony. if we could get a little less. for the remaining witnesses that would be great. senator cardin and others for this opportunity. you have my written statements so i will be less fulsome. isn and its predecessors have had as a central assignment taking every opportunity to analyze, in p, and frustrate the development by iran of

technology related to nuclear energy and ballistic missiles and other technologies. we did that job before there were any negotiations with iran on its nuclear program, we did it throughout the negotiations, and we do it today. with the same tenacity and creativity and partnership with dozens of dedicated agencies across the federal government and we will keep doing it. since the negotiation of the jcpoa, we have devoted our key resources and support of the mission to achieve full implementation of the jcpoa. in particular, we work hard on support and cooperation with the international atomic energy agency as well as in creation of a procurement channel that can meet the limited legitimate nuclear needs that iran may have

under the jcpoa. it in no way diminishes the task of counter proliferation, interdiction, and preventing acquisition of technology. i look forward to addressing any concerns or questions you have about these central roles of my bureau or any other topic. thank you again for this opportunity. >> thank you very much. corker, you chairman ranking member cardin, and members of the committee. it is a great honor to testify. and to have the opportunity to discuss the role of the department of energy and the national nuclear security administration and the role they will continue to play in support of the u.s. government actions to implement jcpoa. as my colleagues from the state department, ambassador mull and assistant secretary countrymen have already stated, the jcpoa has already stated iran's

nuclear deal is peaceful and has provided unprecedented verification measures and it constrains iran's nuclear program in a manner that gives us ample time to intimate sanctions if iran diverges. as we move toward and beyond of limitation day, -- implementation day, the scientific expertise within the department of energy, including our national laboratories, will be called upon to help ensure iran complies with all the nuclear related measures of the jcpoa. the department of state is leading the administration's efforts to oversee implementation of the jcpoa. the doe plays and will continue to play an indispensable role in this process by providing scientific engineering and technical support and analysis to inform policymakers in making sound decisions and judgments. allow me to provide brief examples of the kinds of

expertise the department of energy brings to the table. as secretary of energy moneys it blocks iran's pathways to building a nuclear weapon including the production of weapons grade sodium -- plutonium. as ambassador moles pointed out, it requires them to redesign the iraq reactor effectively eliminating a potential source of weapons grade plutonium. for the requires the final redesign of the reactor be approved by the joint commission. for the united states, the expertise for assessing the technical aspects of the redesign including fuel and safety standards and ensuring it complies with the nonproliferation provisions of the jcpoa resides within the department of energy and its natural -- national laboratories. jcpoa also establishes a

specified nuclear related items and for vomit of a checklist. the nnsa commission, s office of nonproliferation has a long history of working with domestic agencies and with international organizations such as the nuclear suppliers group. on matters related to the export of nuclear related and technology and materials. they will play an important role in the department of state which will coordinate the u.s. government's efforts broadening the procurement working group. the international atomic energy set up-- agency will verification measures 40 jcpoa the department and the department of energy work closely with the iaea in supporting its safeguards including providing training and developing technologies that provide experts to the organization.

we have just published this brochure which lays out our support of that and the committee, i would be happy to submit it for the record and it's available on our website. is notlusion, the jcpoa built on trust, it is built on hard-nosed requirements that would limit their activities and ensure access to transparency. the department of energy takes seriously its participation and efforts to implement the jcpoa and ensure iran carries out its commitments under the deal including participating in the administration of limitation efforts and supporting the iaea. thank you for the opportunity to be here and i look forward to fielding questions. >> thank you for your testimony. without objection we will enter into the record of the document you just referred to. we first ofull, all, you have a winning personality and we like you. you have been energetic and your readings. at the same time, we have not

verified the u.s. government has not verified the second missile launch to my knowledge. is that correct? >> we are aware of the reports of that launch. we are analyzing those reports. >> we have not formally stated that it has been heard. >> the u.s. government has not. >> i just want to make sure as we go forward that we are all very clear with each other but you came to our committee on december 2. the launch took place in the 21st. no mention was made of that in this classified briefing. i'm just curious as to why that did not occur. >> i had not seen any of those reports at our last meeting on sober second. -- december 2. i had not seen any reports. as of then. >> you had no knowledge of it

whatsoever. someonehad heard that said there might have been a launch. it was unconfirmed. i had not seen any reports of that. >> if you would so we can maintain an appropriate relationship, even things like that would be useful especially in the setting we have which was very casual. we would like to know those kinds of things in real time. is obviously conducting work on long-range ballistic missiles. i know this is a bit outside of the purview. those inuse for history up until this point in time is to put a nuclear tip on those. i think general klotz would agree.

that intercontinental ballistic missiles up until this point in time have only been used to deliver nuclear weapons. is that correct? long-range and i mean long-range. klotz: in my experience it has only been used to deliver nuclear weapons. shorter range systems have been used by a variety of systems for conventional munitions. as we understand that this is the case that it is the only purpose, we know they are doing that now. what is the administration drawing from that activity? klotz: as mentioned in the committee last week, the united states has strongly condemned the violation of the violation

of un security council resolution which legally forbids the missile program from going forward. the united states was the leader in mobilizing the un security council resolution. sen. corker: but i'm talking about intense. we are aas said sophisticated country ourselves, the only development is for the nuclear weapons. they are continuing to do that now in violation of the un security council resolutions. we have taken no action, it is a side issue that is very. i'm sure many committee members will take action on that. but many are drawn to the fact that they are testing missiles that, throughout history, have only been used to deliver nuclear weapons while dismantling the antique centrifuges they are dismantling now. mull: one of the reasons we have is that irancpoa

has repeatedly violated security council resolutions on that missile program. iran will develop that program regardless of the consequences. a important part to remove that threat, if iran will develop that program, let's make sure it does not have the capability to put a nuclear payload in such missiles. by reducing the amount of enriched nuclear material available to their nuclear program by 98%, iran now has within 90 days, it could amass enough material to produce a nuclear weapon following if limitation of this deal, it will take us more than a year. the missiles make continue to fly but we have made it harder to put a nuclear payload on those. sen. corker: i understand that, can you share with me why any thoughts of the administration has on this, 180 degree inconsistency? where they are continuing to develop the ability to deliver a nuclear weapon. that is the only purpose in

history these long-range ballistic missiles have been used. what is the thinking inside iran from your perspective? mull: first of all, the missile launch that took twice most recently was medium-range, not an icbm. the thinking we apply to this is that we need to make it as hard as possible. i'm not asking about your thinking, please don't read those paragraphs to me. i asking what the administration inks iran is doing -- thinks iran is doing when this is totally inconsistent with rational thinking. mull: i'm not in a position to characterize what the iranian government is thinking. we are focused on making sure they cannot develop nuclear weapons capabilities. what senator menendez really pressed on secretary kerry when he was here and many of us and that time, relative to whether the launch of these ballistic missiles has

defined, will be in violation of the new agreement that is being implemented. it was in violation of 1929. we have done nothing about that which is unfortunate. but there is cute language that was utilized that we discussed while trying to understand what the agreement said. theytary kerry was adamant could not continue to test missiles even after this agreement was put in place. that is weird language this refers to, it says they are called upon. out of curiosity, after the implementation, if they launch these types of missiles, is it or is it not in violation of the agreement? mull: it is not. it is a violation of security council resolutions. sen. corker: so the called upon my was from your perspective makes it clear