>> the subcommittees will reconvene and as soon as my colleagues come i will yield to them. i did as a question earlier in maybe you could elaborate. actual the capacity, the volume of potential pesticides. i know you talked about the utter importance of draining city water. hawaii, there is a to go aftery call spare tires that are housing water and then becoming breeding grounds for mosquitoes. i get that is labor intensive, but doesn't necessarily require chemicals. but what are the actual pesticides that are considered

safe, and was the potential supply of those? director frieden: i'm glad you came back to that because i was not able to address some of the medical issues there. the capacity for aceto control partite variable, so some of the u.s. do this extremely well, some not so well. some of the critical components are to strengthen mosquito control in the part of the u.s. which could spread the zika virus. we look at a comprehensive approach, so on the one hand the things you can do to reduce larval populations and their use two different bacteria to actually kill the larval most

egos are very effective -- mosquitoes are very effective. there are other ways of reducing mosquito populations, but that is one of them. adult mosquitoes, there are three broad classes of insecticide. inside those are other classes of insecticide. not all are licensed for use in the u.s. and we are looking carefully at what is being done in other countries, including australia with targeted residual spraying and seeing what would be safe and effective here. that is something we are in frequent discussions with partners and epa and other entities. there are issues of what we could do that is safe and effective. the mosquito control efforts are

more than just chemicals. it is about having a surveillance system, so cdc has invented a type of trap that can monitor what the mosquito populations are. populations can test for populations -- resistance. looking at where they are and are insecticide they susceptible to, we could proceed with control. it needs to be done in the same way you have a public health system. you need a mosquito control system to track where they are and respond in real time to where problems emerge. >> i appreciated your comments to get a safe and effective vaccine. as you pointed out, and i heard you on the radio recently, it

may not be through the normal channel but we are in pain emergency. -- are in an emergency. how quickly could a vaccine be available? if you go to an emerging situation and if byhing goes well, and the end of 2016 you still literally have thousands of cases, you could go into an accelerated phase 2a and 2b. cases,do the math in the in anywhere from six to eight months you may be able to show that it is in fact effective and safe. itthat point, even though may take a few years to get the final stamp of approval, there

is a mechanism of approval and access you could implement if you have a good safety profile and have shown efficacy. you could conceivably have it by the end of 2017, which is really rocket-speed for a vaccine. ask, there were about 25,000 children and adults with a disease today. amount of great knowledge that has been gleaned from their experience. -- maybe it is not is not a good comparison but it reminds me of the autistic spectrum. i'm wondering if some of those , likes from those groups boston's children's hospital which is done wonderful work in that area. are you looking to tap that

cap that so we share best practices? >> in our emergency response, are fully integrated, including clinical geneticists who are traveling to brazil and colombia to assist with assessment and plans. we need to learn more about what the spectrum is in this case. as noted, we may see a broad spectrum of some more severe, some less severe and this is something we want to provide all of the expert assistance we can to support women, families, and communities who are dealing with this challenging situation. dr. pablos-mendez: one of our is the american pediatric association, so we are already working with them.

>> i appreciate that. i would like to yield to the distinguished chairman. a lot of folks will be traveling to brazil this summer. steps are being taken in brazil that you can tell us about? for calls toheard cancel the olympics as people are concerned. what are the brazilians doing and why are you doing to help and what do we need to know? dr. fauci: brazil has taken this very seriously. they consider it a top national priority. they had deployed hundreds of thousands of people in the response. there are working to reduce mosquito populations. they are trying new forms of mosquito control.

season of the the olympics is a cooler season, so generally it has less mosquito activities, though not done. -- though not known. give -- e is to our advice would essentially be the same, and from the very first days when we had strong evidence suggesting a link between the presence of zika microcephaly, we have advised pregnant women not to go to a place with that setting. in four people who live in those prevent mosquito bites. wear longsleeved shirts and pants, using clothing that has

treatment that repels mosquitoes , and a possibly staying indoors with air-conditioning and a screen with enclosed spaces. as we learn more in the coming weeks and months am a more will to learn how we can keep risk to an absolute minimum. so, i was in peru and there research project going on, tracking individuals going on who may have been contacted with mosquitoes in that area. a lot of folks in my district are concerned about children coming north from latin america. now it has been exacerbated with zika.

do you need to know anything? how prevalent is it for a minor to carry a disease? veryw you said it has a short. where symptoms are prevalent, but our week researching how long an adolescent would carry the disease and whether, say, they come north of the border and are bitten -- see where i'm going? the virusrieden: stays in the blood for about a week after people begin to get sick. we do not see long-term persistence. so unlike hiv or hepatitis which penn state in your blood for life, -- which can stay in your blood for life, this doesn't stay in your blood for more than a week. from is a lot of travel

americans are to central and south america and the caribbean. on the order of 40 million visits per year. lots of travel, and if you think of the different types of travel, that is a very large number. -- what we do not yet know is how long the virus can persist in semen. that is the one area where we could see transmission through sexual contact for more than a week. is why we have recommended that for men who have sexual contact with women who are pregnant, to avoid the transmission of zika. >> you mentioned that earlier, i get that. when ebola happened we were ofng airport screenings people traveling to african continents.

latin america travel is much broader than that. talk of doing airport screenings for potential screenings -- symptoms that you know of? director frieden: the situation is very different. we have a disease which is a spread from person to person, in the case of ebola, where it is activity. for sexual i think it is very different in terms of zika, and our goal is to protect pregnant women, that is the goal right now. >> so, we have el niño going on among it is very wet across the south. the amount of water i have seen in arkansas, louisiana, texas, alabama, mississippi, north carolina, means there will be a

lot of standing water in the south of this year. mosquitoes will be very prevalent. proposing toyou help the states address a mosquito outbreak? we would beeden: issuing grants to states at risk. southern states as well as u.s. territories to get better control of mosquito populations. >> historically that has been a winning strategy, with malaria and others. listen, as someone who will be continually focused on this, who may see congressional travel in that area, individual congressmen are going to be knowrned -- they want to what level of information we have.

this has been very helpful mr. chairman, and with that i will yield back. much.nk you very i would like to now yield to the gentleman from staten island. >> thank you mr. chairman and thank you experts for sharing your expertise. i look forward to visiting you in atlanta. thank you for all you did for the people in new york city when you are health commissioner there. we were fighting west nile. it was in its infancy when you were there. i know you need more resources. until we figure that out is there an ability for you to redirect some resources you have two address this? we will doieden: everything within our power to address the zika challenge.

emergency response and puerto rico has a significant risk of seeing zika. , including mosquito control and diagnostics, and international support. and while we can get started with that, we cannot get started to the scale that we need. already have to curtail other activities. >> when we passed the 21st century to react to fund the cdc. while,realize it takes a even after you have done your work, for the fda to approve these things. is there any mechanism in place that could help you speed that up? we have beenden:

working very closely with the fda, and they have been able to rapidly allow us to use effective test technologies within a day or two. that has worked well. dr. fauci: we want to tip our hat to the fda. they have helped us with ebola when we really needed to get the vaccine trial out and go from preclinical to phase one without cutting corners. they greatly expedited to us to get the phase one trial done here in the united states and in africa. we are working very closely with them right from the get-go. one of the productive interactions you have is you involve the fda right from the very beginning of a project. you don't do it and then go to the fda and see if they can approve it. we work with them from the

beginning and that is exactly what they are going to be doing as we develop vaccines for zika. >> that is very comforting. fauci, i was dismayed when you told me to find a vaccine for west nile, and no pharmaceutical company wanted to produce it because there was not a prophet. -- a profit. i am just dismayed. take it for sharing that with us. frustratinghat is for us because we think of what is good for the public health and the global health am a and when you get involved with things that are profit-d eveloping, that happens. we will not have this problem with zika. so, we should be blessed that

there is profit in the zika virus? dr. pablos-mendez: we are also exploring natural mechanisms we have used in the past two -- past. allowed the introduction of vaccines to children. recognize the gentleman from florida. >> thank you for coming again, guys. i have several questions and i think people are ready to go. these -- it, it is is the same mosquito that

multiple diseases, correct? director frieden: correct. >> is anyone thinking of a generic fix here? it seems to me you get the trojan horse and the soldiers inside the trojan horse are going to die with it. when i thought of my own legislation, it seemed to me that genetic fix might be something that is thought about, and if you tell me it is i willal, with my team keep pursuing what we can do legislatively for that. the biggesteden: problem is its scalability and acceptance. dr. fauci: that acceptance .actor might be different

we have a vaccination for .ange in brazil they were working on one and southeast asia for a long time, i don't remember where they got. would americans worried about dange fever, should they go to brazil for a vaccination or all all hesitant you about the safety of this? dr. fauci: there is a proved vaccine in mexico and brazil that is about 60% effective. vaccine fort a dange fever in mexico, would it work in india?

the relative is proportion that is dominant in a particular area. the one that didn't quite get off the ground and asia did not have a good protection against all four types. >> so, it works better with the mosquito here? dr. fauci: we actually have a phase three trial that started a few weeks ago in brazil. ale nhi is working the trias with them. so, they don't bring a different strain to mexico or brazil? have four types that are

seen universally all over. but the one that is dominant. look, for me that is a big deal. two.not want number as i think through that for my own experience, in a world of international travel, the second time is going to be worse. crowd, the 50 and older so that makes my liver even more susceptible to swelling. we also have to think about the global nature of this. am i right about that? our idea legislatively was we could always use government money here. that as long as a profit motive.

i've always worried about that with zika. mycould be impacted in district. nonetheless, if we gave somebody tax credits where there are indeed in order to expedite research into battling this , or coming up with ava vaccine, do you see any downside on that? outeels to me like they set -- sat out dange fever. we do not want them to sit otu zika. am i right? incentivizing them is

getting them engaged. we do a lot of the work they would otherwise pay for themselves, so their investment risk is less. some companies take the vaccine from the concept to the product. they don't need anybody. but when something is a public health imperative and they are not interested, if we push the envelope to the point of saying, here, this is a product we know is safe and immunogenic, they are much more enthusiastic about getting involved because we already made a major investment. that is a good way to incentivize them. >> gwen moore question. -- one more question. we always think about these diseases as if they were malaria. outdoor, nighttime. daytime, inside mosquitoes.

country and in my district, we do not have as much fresh water sitting around like you would find in the caribbean or the -- or brazil. if we do a good job making sure we don't have a lot of pooling water around, is that ok? director frieden: it will depend on the local environment. >> how about southwest florida? we need toieden: look at mosquito populations, trap them, and analyze them. your point is quite correct that the outdoor spraying may have limited impact, if any on the mosquito population. but we are looking at different ways of doing mosquito control, and in some circumstances, what they had done in australia, you target indoor residual spraying

for this particular mosquito with effective results. all of that is quite complex to do. let me make sure i understand this correctly. involved get legislatively, so i'm not just taking your time here. in my house, i have air conditioning. if i see a mosquito inside, i ika,to myself, it is not z so if i get bit i do not have to worry about it. but someone else who may not be able to afford that, able be at more risk. director frieden: you are exactly right. >> so, that should drive our policy here. may be more of an

issue for someone less economically fortunate. the rate ofeden: higheron was eight times than it was in brownsville, and the two factors were air-conditioning, which reduced people's risk 15 fold, and a smaller crowding. even if they have ac, they don't often have it in the bathroom, where water is. so that complicated. is there anything you've heard -- [speaks spanish]

dr. pablos-mendez: i just want that we work with the case conditions. are looking at new insecticides, new tools. malaria, that capability can be deployed for this need in the region. you are making a great point. i got it at 9:00 in the morning at an auto parts plant. the work environment is where we have to keep in mind. dr. pablos-mendez: you are correct that it is usually the poor. the section in brazil is a poor area, a more tropical area. editions make it more likely you will get the disease. we do have for a while now, a drug that provides incentive

sort -- incentive for some industry. we areave some tools and looking at how we are going to work in that space so the industry is engaged with developing the products and getting them out, to the poor in particular. >> keep talking, you all are great. we need to spend money on this. thank you for what you are doing, and thanks for being so patient with me here, asking all these questions. >> just to final quick questions. my first trip to el salvador in the 80's, being struck by how many people -- the president was actually there, and there wasn't a screen in the place that i can recall.

people do not have screens. are at risk ifrs they do not have screens. is that something that is being looked at, to promote screening? reports thatre are some are exploiting child probility linked to zika to mote abortion. i hope you can verify none of the 1.8 billion have that agenda. yes, screensden: do play a role. that theure you emergency supplemental request does not contain any proposal to change any policy regarding abortion.

dr. pablos-mendez: thank you very much. a health amendment precludes the use of any resources to pay for an abortion or to motivate anyone to practice abortions. we do not do abortions. even the promotion. we are so careful with these. we monitor these very carefully everywhere we do work. need to have a staff employed to ensure that our partners and the work that gets to thed end up going right place. withu have been tremendous your insights and i thank you for your service which is extraordinary, and allowing us to benefit from your knowledge. the hearing is adjourned.

thank you.

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>> health secretary sylvia

burwell -- president obama is asking congress for over $1.8 million in emergency funds to fight zik a and find a vaccine. we will have live coverage at 10:00 eastern on c-span3. the u.s. envoy to the collation against the islamic state said today that question airstrikes in syria are helping the military group because of the told they are taking on u.s. opposition fighters. that hearing is next on c-span. the house passed a drinking water safety built -- bill. that is later. ♪ >> i am currently on the fence between hillary and bernie, and the most important issue to me in this election is educatio