the student whose documentary has the most votes will win $500. the winner along with the winners of the competition will be announced march 9, live on c-span. annual conservative political action conference began today. the event at national harbor maryland outside of washington, d.c. runs through washington and will include appearances from all the republican presidential candidates. thursday's session included a discussion about different approaches to conservatism. you will hear from rick santorum, senator ben sasse, and former new mexico governor who is seeking the libertarian parties presidential nomination. this is 45 minutes. our next presentation is "it takes a village: three

approaches to conservatism." to get us started, please welcome teller.e, paul ♪ mr. teller: hello everyone. good to see you. privileged to be the chief of staff for the united states senator ted cruz of texas. you may have heard of him. let me tell you, it is excellent to be at cpac. i've always found this to be the best event of the conservative movement. cpac is really emphasizing the intellectual development torsion. it will no longer be good enough to come to cpac and leave with a bunch of business cards.

we should be better armed with alltegies that can help us be better soldiers were conservatism. today willn highlight three different approaches to conservatism, classical conservatism, populist conservatism and libertarian conservatism. classical or traditional conservatism emphasizes such things as natural law, unchanging moral principles and history as a guide for modern behavior. populist conservatism emphasizes political immediacy, close adherence to the wills of vocal citizens and a deep distrust of political institutions and corporations. libertarian conservatism empathizes individualism, a laissez-faire approach to certain social policies and a higher threshold for american military intervention of broad. today, we will have three separate standalone speeches

from individuals who represent each of these three branches of conservatism. the american conservative union was founded and cpac was created to help unite these three elements. differences, the great bulk of our priorities are united. and aligned. each speaker will explain the underlying philosophy of his conservatism and how it is reflected in his policies. i will introduce each speaker when it is time to take the speech and we will -- the stage and we will go from there. i'm privileged to introduce senator ben sasse from nebraska. ♪ sasse: -- the state ofnts nebraska. he spent the prior five years of president of midland university in nebraska. the 100 and 30-year-old lutheran

college was on the verge of bankruptcy when he arrived but it was one of the fastest-growing higher education institutions at the time of his departure. most of his career has been spent guiding companies and institutions during times of crisis. he is one of the most thoughtful and constitutionally minded officials that i have worked with on this town. with him and his staff on a daily basis. please welcome senator ben sasse. ♪ sasse: thank you paul and thank you to the folks, go big red. if you are with husker finance you know you are in good shape.

it is a typical for me to be wearing a suit. what his joke was referencing is that on twitter recently i have twitter who has recently said i do not look worthy to be a u.s. senator and that i look more like a gym rat. as the son of a football and wrestling coach and growing up working on a farm in nebraska, that is high praise. my wife says if you have bad hair and bad teeth, there were a lot of big targets. todayded to put on a suit to change it up a little bit. today is to define a little bit of what classical conservatism means. i want to make sure that we can distinguish among three different terms. the three terms we should talk about our republican, conservative, and american

exceptionalism of the american idea. i have all three. i am a happy republican. conservativepal and we obviously all in this room believe deeply in the american idea. we are inherited her's of a great and rich tradition. we are blessed to live in the best time in history, in the best country that the world has ever known. [applause] i urge you all to be republican. to be conservative. and to be un-american. in howis very important we rank order those three. i stand before you today and as a creedal matter, i say i am an american first, a conservative second, and a republican third although i am happily a republican. i would like to urge you to think a little bit about how we rank order those different identities. if we get them out of order, we

, sometimesainst them intentionally and sometimes accidentally. i think back to cs lewis who talked about the little old lady who loved her catch. you can only properly have affection for a cat if you first recognized that the cat cannot be the first thing. if you think a cap might accidentally be god, you will never know god nor will you understand the goodness of the gift of the creature that is a catch. in the same way when you think about your identity, as a principled conservative, you have to understand how those things relate to one another and how we order them. we should begin by admitting that it has been a bad seven years for all three of those categories. it has been a bad seven years for the republican party. it is been a bad seven years for conservatism. but even more importantly than that, it has been a real bad time for those of us that andeve deeply, who cherish

love the american idea. if you have inherited the american tradition as we have, we want to lift it up and celebrate the american idea. had ingically, we have this country the last seven years, a guy as president who said that one of his quarter purposes is to fundamentally remake america. i don't think we want to remake america. we don't want to change america. we want to recapture the greatness of america and we want to pass that on to the next generation. [applause] president aas our man who does not pay respect to the separation of powers. two divided government which are things that our founders gave us on purpose. these are features. we have a president who has tragically said that if the congress will not do what i want deal.o do, it is no big

i have a pen and a phone and i can make up law unilaterally. that is tragic. we have a guy who as president was asked -- do you believe in american exceptionalism? you could see the political polling running through his head when he's head, i don't but i know i am supposed to say yes so i will say -- sure. i believe in american exceptionalism in the same way that the greeks probably believe in greek exceptionalism. mr. president, that is not actually what american exceptionalism means. american exceptionalism is not an ethnic claim. because of something we received in the bloodstream. american exceptionalism is a claim about history. founding. and if we don't understand why the american founding was

extraordinary, you can be sure that our kids won't understand why america is extraordinary. and we live in that kind of cultural amnesia. this has been going on since the 1960's. but this president has attacked the nature of american history. e should go back because our founding moment because it is truly extraordinary. our founders were making a claim about human dignity. everybody everywhere, not just people like us, but everybody everywhere is ordained with natural rights. everyone everywhere is created in the image of god with natural rights and government is our project to secure those rights. government is not the author or the source of any of our rights. [applause]

government is a tool and our founders recognized that tool is necessary, because unfortunately the world is broken and people want to take your property and take your liberty and your life. you don't want a world where there is anarchy. we need a world to restrain evil and create a framework for ordered liberty. but government is not the think that we as pyre too. if politics is all you have in your life, you don't america. politics is about creating a free from so you can live all the great things. and schools and small businesses, p.t.a. at the little league. at the rotary.

the meaning of america ca is not in washington, d.c.,, it is all in communities and the platoons that you come from. and so fundamentally, the american founders upped that throughout all of human history, almost had been wrong about the nature of government because people have said we need government, therefore we must make right. the king has the monopoly on violence. he can do whatever he wants because he's got the biggest army. the king is free and the people, they weren't citizens, they were dependent subjects. if you wanted to do something, your passive assumption was prohibition. unless you were allowed to do it, you were prohibited. it's not the established church, you need the government to give you a paper to say you're a

tolerated religion. you want to start a small business. and you see if they will give you a charter and start that small business. but the passive assumption was prohibition. the american founders looked at this, throughout almost of human history, throughout almost of human history, people have been wrong about the nature of government and nature of freedom. and we the people in america elieve our rights come to us via nature and we the people give the government give them enumerated powers. he don't wait for the government to give us any rights. e claim those by nature. and they said no, we will not put the rights in the document

because if we put it in and people will assume that is the end of their rights. and it is a negative document. it's a list of powers that we decided to give the government. and when that ends, the government has no furrer powers. the constitution is not some list of the limited rights that the people have because in our system, the government is limited and the people's rights are limitless. and the founders back in philadelphia in 1787 and 179, hey had a big debate about his. and yet they said, if we don't list them at all, so the compromise, outside the ocument, let's add the bill of

there was a picture. a giant ocean, throughout human history, people have believed that the island is your right and the ocean is the powers of government. and the american founders said this is backwards because the island is the little set of enumerated powers that we the people give the government and the ocean is the limitless rights of people who are created ith dignity. and yet they said, if we don't list them at all, so the compromise, outside the document, let's add the bill of rights. so think about this. the first 10 amendments are not in the constitution proper. the constitution is just enumerated powers for the government. but then in the bill of rights, they said let's list of few rights. we'll start with the first important few. rights, they said let's make sure no one is confused. what should we list first. let's list it first. religion, press and assembly. it's a dog's breakfast.

it's a laundry list. they couldn't list one thing first because they wanted to scream and the structure and when you go through the second amendment all and dear, when you reet to the 9th and 10th amendment, what are they saying? there's no end to this list. any any power given to the federal government, the federal government doesn't have. [applause] and so as we in this room as republicans and conservatives and americans we need to know that you have to understand that you have to understand and to the american idea first on that list, but we live in a time of constitutional crisis. we live in a time when our kids don't understand the american idea. and students who should be challenged with competing ideas

are crying for safe bases and don't have to encounter an idea that might challenge them. that's a mess. we live in a time when 41% of americans under age 35 think the first amendment is dangerous. 41% of americans under age 35 think the first amendment is dangerous because someone might use their freedom of speech to say something to hurt someone else's feelings. actually, that's quite the point. -- founders were debating our founders had different view of religion. they were debating heaven and hell. and government is the framework that says we aren't going to shoot at each other, but we are going to sit at the table and argue like people with big boy pants on that actually think that ideas have consequences. [applause]

and so it was that cpac when president reagan said in a republic you are only one generation away from the extinction of freedom. if you don't pass it, you will lose it. and we are in that time of constitutional crisis. so the top concern of all americans and all those who believe in limited government and freedom lovers should always be that the american idea is held first and foremost and we should invite people from other american parties to remain constitutionalists. we should invite them back. and so i say to you, with when i ant you to be a conservative and republican, those things must be listed second. let's distinguish. conservativism is a set of policy prinls an policy preferences. republicanism is about an organization. it's about a political party. i love both of these things.

i wan us to see both of these things great again. you have to rank it first and then your conservativism first and republicism third. your conservativism is a set of policy preference and they matter. it matter what is we believe about economic growth and how much intervention the government should have. the 535 people we work with, we aren't smart enough to plan the economy. and so we believe in free market in this room and we believe that family structures are the first government and the most important institution that raises our kids. government cannot do that. and we will have debates about foreign policy and those kind of debates are really important. and we should fight about them but our belief, rick santorum is coming out and rick has a view

-- i think he has the view we should raise the minimum wage pretty substantially. i disagree. small versus medium-sized government. that is that a position and we should recognize debates about the minimum wage are important but they could never be ultimate because america is about limited government. conservatism is largely about small government but limited government is more important than small government and we need to be able to rank order those things. and so as i close, we're not here to talk or i wasn't here to talk about any of the presidential candidates, but in a time of constitutional crisis, i would suggest to you that as you listen to presidential candidates over the next few days, you should be listening th the ears of grandma's and grandpa's worried about your grandsons and granddaughters and whether or not they will

nderstand the american idea. you should be listening too presidential candidates do they believe in limited government. do they from those of the happy champion from the party of abraham lincoln do they belief in equal turned law. do they believe in the dignity of every man, woman and child of every race and every creed to be a part of the american experiment. do we believe that fatherless black boys will be invited by the way we lift up the american idea? do you believe -- [applause] that your candidate should scream forward constructively about the separation of powers because we are skeptical of government's overreach and we back. see it roll do you believe that you should hear the beating heart of the american cede which is that the

freedom of press and speech and religion, will you hear that champion the greatness of americans, not the greatness of washington, d.c.,? -- or those who would rule us as politicians? you need to hear from your presidential candidates someone who wants to sit at the dinner table with your children and extol forth the virtues of an american that is about the greatness of 320 million americans, not the powers of the federal bureaucracy. do you hear a champion not of tearing more things down but of building american back up. because i am anti-establishment. but what we need most of all is not just someone who wants to breathe fire on washington, but wants to breathe passion into our children for a constitutional recovery because that's how we will actually make america great again. thank you. [cheers and applause]

>> thank you. i appreciate it. hello, again, guys. look, everyone knows and is very grateful for rick santorum. native of pennsylvania. he was a candidate for president in 2012 and 2016. from in the u.s. house the1 to 1995 and moved up to senate. member of the gang of seven that exposed the congressional banking and post office scandal and author of the welfare reform act of 1996. he wrote and championed legislation that outlawed partial birth abortion, unborn victims of violence and so many others across a wide variety of issues. he's co-founder of patriot voice

as grassroots community of voice from across the nation committed to promoting family, faith, freedom and opportunity. he's an author of books called "blue collar conservatives" and ow we can better engage. and now to talk to us about populous conservativism, please welcome senator rick antorum. [applause] >> thank you. i appreciate it. thank you. i appreciate it very, very much. it's great to be back here at c-span. i just want to point out -- i have two of my boys here from the citadel and i see some citadel guys. hey, citadel guys stand up. i want to give you a round of

applause. thank you so much. good job. great to be here with you. [applause] i listened to ben sasse. i agree with ben. i'm a conservative. but what i would say there are a lot of conservatives today all across this country who are scared. they're scared about what's going on right now. they're nervous about what's happening in this presidential race. they're seeing the conservative movement, the republican party potentially been torn up. they're nervous as all heck as to what they're going to do. well, now you know how the american public has been feeling ver the past 10, 20, 30 years. they're nervous about their country. they are nervous about their jobs, their families, their communities.

they're nervous about where america is going. and they're putting their faith in the conservative movement and putting their faith in the republican party and concerned about them and going to work to make things better. create conditions. many of which were talked about by ben which i endorse and have fought for. but they don't see anything happening and they see america heading down a path morally, culturally, for many, economically for many more. from the standpoint of security for many others, and they don't see the republican party esponding to that. they don't see the voice within the conservative movement as they do on issues, well, that are not necessarily in their wheelhouse. 90% of america don't run or own a business.

yet, if there's one unanimity with republicans with which we talk about all the time is how uch we're going to support the business community and promote jobs and create jobs and businesses to be successful. we were the party that helped lead the bailouts. when it comes to business, we're all in. but when it comes to 90% we are divided. and that over time as insecurity continues to rise and see complete inaction and unbilling was to fight in washington. the frustration level is percolating and growing. and so what i believe is going on in america and what i believe has to be the future of the

onservative movement, has to focus on the problems what are confronting an america that is going through huge transformational changes. we see the change in the american family. as paul mentioned, i wrote a book "it takes a family" talking about the huge change and what it's going to mean and the insecurity and what it's going to bring it about. and if we don't address that, we don't make it a priority to help strengthen and rebuild the american family, but having to it to be a center piece of a conservativism that talks about the breakdown of this critical institution. but we don't. our nominees for president have never even talked about it.

it's not their issue. it's not the establishment's issue. and so social conservatives and people who live with the consequences of the breakdown of the family all across america, are say, well, where's the conservative movement for us? what are they doing to help make my neighborhood more stable, help create a better atmosphere for marriage, for growth? what are they doing to give my child an opportunity to go to a chool to grow? we have some republicans who are for school choice. but most of them want to reform the system. our president was talking about reforming the system. we are willing to fight and die, but not that one, not those that are hurting on the margin. when you hear about it. what do we have to do? we have to identify the needs nd begin to have as much

passion tore helping those in need who are struggling in america as we do for the things, well it's -- it's easier to cut taxes and easier to say we are smaller government. and there is a difference between limited and smaller. i'm for limbed government but i am not for small government when it comes to defense. there are places that we need bigger defense government. i would say there is a difference. but for us, we have to understand there are millions of americans out there, when it comes to these issues that are real for them, yeah, there is a lot of fear and anxiety. but there are a lot of people in america who are cheering because at least someone sounds like, i don't think is, but someone sounds like they're on their side.

i'm not here to support -- i'm going to be here tonight to represent marco rubio and i'm ery proud to do that . [applause] i'm not here to give a speech for one candidate or another. i'm here to talk about where our party needs to go, what we have to respond to. we have to respond to the needs of the 90% of americans who are workers and the 70% of americans age 25 to 65 who don't have college degrees. we talk a lot about oh, what we're going to do to help people go to college. at about the 25 to 65-year-olds? 75% of them don't have a college degree? who's talking to them? what vision are we providing? and it can't be just about well, we're cut taxes for higher individuals and everybody will be fine because guess what? everybody's not fine. i wrote a chapter in a book that

paul talked about. i wrote a book called "blue collar conserve 2i678." i wrote about it on the experience i had on the road running for president in 2012 talking about how we're going to restore the manufacturing area of the country because it provided for the middle of america. when do you ever talk about how you're going to do something for the lower skilled or lower educated workers for them to have a good quality of life, for them to be able to rise in society? when do you hear that from this podium? where do you hear that at a republican convention? and then you wonder why are they not voting for us? why are they upset? why are they leaving us? any of you married out there? you ever not talk to your wife and wonder why she doesn't think you love her? ladies and gentlemen, we're not

feeling the love because we haven't been giving much. we have to be a party that understands that america has dramatically changed economically. globalization is real. it's wonderful overall but it has serious consequences for a lot of people in our society. and when we just say, well, buck up, work harder, everybody will be fine. how does that work with your kids? ladies and gentlemen, we have an opportunity as a result of what's happening right now to start addressing some of these issues and put conservative principles, the things that ben sasse and i agree on, put conservative principles in place that speak directly to the needs of people who are struggling, who are saying, we're not with you anymore. we want something really different because you have not been listening to us. they have every right to be

upset. and it's not just economic issues. it's not just moral issues. but the one issue that was big to me and important to me was immigration. to me it's the signature issue because it's one that says we're going to put the interest of profits of having lower wages if you're a republican and you come at this from a business perspective for more votes if you're coming from a democratic perspectives and bring in lower skilled people here to drive down wages. they have grown at the lowest level in any 20-year period in american history. and yet the republican party and the conservative movement is divided on immigration. how could we be divided? what is the purpose of every law we should pass in america? i'll answer that question for you. is it in the best interest of -- america. but that's not what we talk

about with regards to immigration. no one talked about how our party whether immigration is in the best interest of the american people particularly those 70% of american who are really struggling right now. you know what, they know it. we have an opportunity ladies and gentlemen as a result of this earthquake that's happening across the country to learn from that earthquake and take conservative principles and policies and adapt them to meet e needs that are roiling america today. you can call it blue collar conservative. i call it reagan conservatism. you know what he did, he identified the problem and he answer. the

you provide that leadership. you provide that leadership as a movement, you won't have to be worried anymore. you won't have to be worried about the conservative movement because we would have put our finger on the thumb -- excuse me, on the pulse of what's going on in america and be able to theap patient rise from that bed and be productive again in our society. thank y'all very much and god bless. [applause] thank you. good to see you. >> hello, again, everybody. our next speaker. a treat for you. governor gary johnson. [applause] some have called him the most fiscally conservative governor in america. he was the republican governor of new mexico from 1995 to 2003. term limited. he retired from public service in 2003 but he ran for president

in 2012 as a libertarian where he got -- he got more votes -- he got more votes than any other libertarian candidate in history. now, we were talking backstage. i was going to tell you a little bit more about him. but he's going to tell more about himself in lots of little tidbits in his remarks. i'll leave thrit. and let's hear about libertarian conservatism from governor gary johnson. governor gary johnson: i'm gary johnson. and i'd like to tell you some things about myself that maybe you don't know. i'm the former two-term governor of new mexico. i got elected governor in a state that's 2-1 democrat

promising to bring a common sense business approach to state government. i've never raised taxes, not one penny. [applause] as governor, i was labeled the most dangerous politician in america. i was more outspoken regarding school choice than any governor , the country when i served bring competition to public education. i may have vetoed more bills as governor of new mexico than the other 49 governors in the ountry combined. i vetoed 750 bills as governor of new mexico. i took line item vetos thousands

of them to a new art form. in a state that's 2-1 democrat, me being a fiscal hawk, people in new mexico today waved at me with all five fingers, not just one. [applause] [laughter] i'm a competitive athlete. i've done hundreds of athletic competitions. i still compete in skiing, mountain bike and road biking competitions. i'm planning to ride the divide which is a 3,000-mile unsupported mountain bike race across the demonet tall divide from canada to antelope wells, new mexico. i've done iron man, hawaii four times. i've done the ledville 100-mile run. i'm also an adventurer. i'm a pilot. i'm a gas balloonist.

i was co-pilot in winning the america's cup gas balloon challenge two times. i've had four gas balloon flights of over 2,000 miles. i've climbed the highest mountain on all of the seven continents. i summitted mount everest on a recently broken leg. i am a fierce competitor. i'm a fierce defender of civil liberties. i think that people need to be able to make their own choices in their own lives as long as hose decisions don't adversity -- adversely affect others. [applause] -- been an sbrer entrepreneur my entire life. since i was 17, i paid for

everything. started in 1994 and grew my business to employ over 1,000 people in new mexico. i learned a couple of things. i learned a lot of things when it came to business. one of them was the magic of sharing in the profits. it's just amazing when you share in the profits how the pie gets so much bigger. d i learned about hiring and firing. how it's easy to hire and how it's so difficult to fire. but if you can't fire people, you find yourself in a situation where you end up going bankrupt and that's really the disconnect in the public sector -- in the public sector. you have a president right now who never hires and fires so he finds it easy to hire. i don't mean to pick on

president obama. it's the public sector. you find it so easy to hire and because it's so difficult to fire, they never fire and what you end up with is really dysfunctional government because of that. . sold my business in 1999 nobody lost their job and it gave me my financial free dosm and financial freedom for me is the able to do what i want to do when i want to do it. it's freedom. money is freedom. and so when government takes a way my money, they're taking away my freedom. they're taking away my able to spend my money the way that i want to spend my money. [applause] i'd like to give some advice to everyone here and my advice is worth exactly what you're paying for it. and that is to take whatever it is you know and apply it

entrepreneurly. the rewards will be 100-fold. you will never regret it. and as difficult as it will be to start your entrepreneurial venture tomorrow it will never be easier than tomorrow to start that entrepreneurial venture. i'm running for president of the united states. right now i'm seeking the libertarian nomination to do that. i am the third party. the libertarian party will be on the ballot in all 50 states. there are only three parties in november that will be able to ay claim to that, democrats, epublicans and libertarians. i believe the biggest issue facing this country right now is that government is too big. it tries to do too much. and it spends too much.

$20 trillion in debt and rising is unsustainable. i advocate balancing the federal budget now. and democrats and republicans are both responsible for this unsustainable debt. [applause] balancing the federal budget means reforming medicaid, medicare, social security which will actually be kind of easy. i advocate eliminating income corporate tax, abolishing the i.r.s. and replaying it with a federal consumption tax. i say let's use the fair tax as a template for how we dot the,'s and dot the t's to, in fact, implement a national consumption tax. and if eliminating corporate tax

doesn't create tens of millions of jobs in this country, i don't now what will. took third place in 2012 with votes. wasting your vote is voting for somebody that you don't believe in. [applause] by the way, eliminating coorp tax and eliminating the i.r.s. will send pink slips to 80% of washington lobbyists because that's why they're there to arner special favor. government is for sale. crony capitalism is alive and well. i happen to think that term limit is a silver bullet, that if term limbs were in effect

politicians would do the right thing as opposed to whatever it takes to get re-elected. [applause] i believe in free markets. when it comes to healthcare, i rejected the insurance model. if we had a free market model for health insurance, we would have insurance to cover ourselves for catastrophic injury and illness and we would pay as you go in a system that was very, very affordable. stitches r us. gallbladders r us as opposed to tens of thousands of dollarsful google me, gary johnson if you're serious about reducing the size and scope of government, i'm your guy. my favorite veto as governor of new mexico was a republican bill that was going to require pet

stores to exercise their dogs and cats two hours a day, three times a week. i got to tell you, that's where i want to buy my dogs and cats but in my veto message, i said this is where i want to buy my dogs and cats but if i sign my bill, the next thing i'm going to have to do is fund the dog and cat exercise police. back to some more advice worth exactly what you're paying for it. tell the truth. keep your word. be on time. it shows respect. don't say one thing and do another. that's hypocrisy and that's unforgivable. get a job that you love. if you don't have a job that you love, quit and get something that tomorrow you'll enjoy getting up and spending your time doing.

and lastly, a request to all of you. you have the ability to do this. get me in the presidential debates. get the libertarian nominee for president in the presidential debates. [applause] i applaud each and every one of you for you activism. you make a difference in all of our lives. you make a difference in or communities. people look to you for guidance and for that i appreciate it. and for that i really appreciate the invitation to be here to speak with you. thank you. [applause] >> thank you. thank you. >> you don't like this -- please join me in thanking our

antastic speakers, senator ben sasse, senator rick santorum and governor gary johnson. i hope you learned something that you can bring to your hometown. the theme is conservatives unite. we can and we will beat liberalism. so thanks for coming to the sess >> the american conservative union hosted its annual conservative political action conference. our three-day cpac coverage continues today, live at 1:15 eastern, with speeches by residential candidates, john kasich, and ted cruz. also, dr. ben carson. then on saturday morning at 10:00, our coverage continues with donald trump. live at 11:30 a.m., with senator marco rubio. we'll also bring you the results

of the 2016 cpac straw poll. for are complete schedule, go to c-span.org. >> c-span's "washington journal," live every day with these and policy issues that impact you. coming up this morning, director of technology policy at george mason university discusses the reasoning hearing involving fbi director james comey and legal counsel for apple on the issues of privacy, national security, and encryption. talksichard norton smith about the historical comparisons to what is happening in the 2015 presidential race. be sure to watch our "washington journal," live at 7:00 a.m. eastern this morning. join the discussion. >> this weekend, the c-span cities tour, hosted by time warner cable partners, takes you to anaheim, california to exploit the city's history and

literary culture. >> the idea for asking mexican came from my editor at the time. i wasn't offended by the idea, but i didn't want to do it at first, because i didn't think anyone would care. in journalism, you want a story that people will care about. you don't care if people like you are hit you, as long as they are reading. i thought, who would want to read it? but we needed to fill a space in the paper that week so i'm like, ok, fine. he said, it will only be one time. totally jokey. people just went absolutely nuts. some people loved it, some people hate it, but people were carried. even crazier, it was supposed to nd they just- a s started said "you like crazy immediately. >> and on american history tv --

>> they go up to san francisco, which is where a lot of the german immigrants are located. they're able to -- i find it shocking -- they are able to convince 50 people, of who nobody was a farmer, and only one person had any background in winemaking, to give up their businesses and come to anaheim. after they action formed what was known as the los angeles vineyard society was to hire george hansen to be the superintendent. his job was to bring irrigation here, layout the town sites, and plant hundreds of thousands of great plains before families would come down. >> watch the c-span cities tour, saturday at noon eastern on c-span2's book tv. sunday afternoon at 2:00, on c-span3.