and national security. you are also voting for a commander in chief. point to make a serious about defeating terrorism, particularly at terrorist network like isis. we have to lead an air campaign, we have to support fighters on the ground were willing to go send isis but we will not american combat troops to syria or iraq. i do not believe that is the right approach. wordt to say a particular to all of the muslims that are here. wherever they live.

i will do everything i can to keep america safe and i know that among the most important arele to help us do that muslim american friends and neighbors. [applause] when you hear the kind of bigotry and bluster coming from , not onlyican side making very intimidating marks muslims, but also preventing them from coming into our country. insulting one of the great religions in the world, this is not only offensive and shameful, that is dangerous. counterproductive

because i know how hard it is to put coalitions together. i put a coalition together that imposed sanctions on iran, that led to negotiations. if we are going to go after terrorists networks like isis, we need to build a coalition with muslim nations. imagine someone running for president of the united states saying what we are hearing coming from that site. you think that's going to make it easy to put together coalitions? it matters what you say if you when you are running for president of the united states of america! .e have work to do i am excited about doing it with all of you.

because i believe that america's best days can be ahead of us if we do what we must do to build bridges instead of walls, to not downbarriers -- knock barriers. i can do that unless you bring out everyone you know to vote for me tomorrow. i will tell you this. vote for meout and tomorrow, i will work for you and fight for you through this campaign and into the white house. thank you so much michigan! god bless you. [applause] ♪ i am the champion, you're going louder me more -- roar ♪

than the lion, because i am the champion ♪u're going to hear me roar you're going to hear me roar ♪ i got the eye of the tiger, the fire dancing through the fire, because i am the champion you're going to hear me roar ♪ champion andthe you're going to hear me roar ♪ ♪u're going to hear me roar i got the eye of the tiger, the

fire dancing through the fire you're going to hear me roar oh ohoh you're going to hear me more ♪ remember everything we shared, remember her unity, remember loving

neighbors without expecting favors --you'd knowledge the pain acknowledge the pain people walking hand-in-hand ♪ you ♪t me, look

look around >> we apologize about that folks. rally at theon museum of african history. .ur coverage continues we have set aside our phone lines. others, this is the number. we will also look for your tweets at c-span. just to let you know, bernie

sanders held a rally just a short while ago in dearborn just outside of detroit. kevin in california who is supporting hillary clinton. kevin: i am very proud of the campaign she has ran. i can't wait until she is president of the united states. >> go ahead robert. yes, i am supporting donald trump. what he liked most about mr. trump -- >> what he liked most about mr. trump hash --

abouto you like most donald trump? >> he runs his own campaign. hillary clinton is going to go to jail. >> let's hear from lori. >> i am in support of hillary. that other guy that was just on the air is stupid. she does not need to be in jail. for her because her husband did great things and she can do the same. >> is there anything and bernie in berniessage --

sanders's message that you liked? >> no. >> the latest poll has come in. hillary according to real are ar politicsreal cle is up by 13. hillary clinton with 58.6. richard is next up in california too. >> i support bernie sanders. >> tell us why. richard: i can relate to him. he has got a message that is very clear about where all the jobs went. that is the basic problem.

a loss of all the jobs. i blame the clinton administration for what is happening for the loss of all of these jobs. passed legislation. it took a while for all of these things to kick in. by thes leaving here hundreds of thousands. you have no jobs, you have no tax pace -- base. that is where we are at right now. hillary is to connected to the and wall street. she is been too rich for too long. does not understand the middle class.

she does not have any issues that she really believes in other than taking care of children. position based on the polls where as bernie been for thelways people, for the average person. he understands the problems very clearly and i think he explains what he wants to do very clearly. >> another call from california. supporting? i am supporting bernie sanders also. >> tell us why. all, i also of agree with the last caller. i am a teacher. i was very alarmed by her call for an education swat team. that sounds like a no child left

behind nightmare. policies,beyond their i don't really understand what is going on with this administration of hillary having more experience. bernie sanders has had 25 years better than any other candidate on how to pass gridlock. that has drawn me towards bernie . he of all candidates will be able to make his proposals happen, at least to be more of a reality. >> what grade you teach? i teach esl to adults. group but i did go to public school during no

child left behind. i am very well aware of the effects that a particular president can have on an educational system. >> a appreciate her call. if you're from new york. let's hear from new york. hillary clinton was never in congress, she spent her time in the senate. >> she was not in the house. >> she was never a congresswoman, she was a senator. come on. people need to get it right if they need to comment about these things. if anyone was here during 9/11, hillary was a champion during the state of new york.

what she is being put through is absolutely ridiculous. to have someone like donald antichrist stepping on the earth. i would go for hillary clinton any day. >> when you think of mayor what do you think of mayor bloomberg not running for president/ ? bloomberg has a lot of respect for hillary clinton. he knows she is a champion. >> there was a lot of speculation about whether he would or not. host: who do you like or support? unfortunately, i

cannot. did not. i do not have they in any of the candidates. -- i do not have faith in any of the candidates. people need to act now. there are so many problems at hand. again, relying on the next president to solve these issues is ridiculous. we have a president now that needs to get things done. this is ridiculous. things that showing are months away. we need to give time to these issues. people can become alert. i just don't think, we are wewing issues but in a way

are waiting until someone gets into office. we need these issues to be resolved before someone is elected. host: one of the big issues was be flint water crisis. the flint water crisis. coming after a weekend of a couple of wins, bernie sanders and hillaryuses clinton winning louisiana. i want to let you know where the delegate count stands. let's start with the democrats. this is hillary clinton's count. 498 --sanders is that act -- at 498. 384.ld trump has

cruz has 300. is speaking tonight at a stadium in mississippi. that states primary is tomorrow as well. a republican color in brooklyn. this is even -- ian. ian: i am a democrat, not a republican. i think the republicans are a total mess. these republicans are for the rich people and donald trump has exposed all of the dirt on the candidates. him because het is very divisive in his speeches. he is going to propagate hatemongering.

clinton is a good candidate despite all her accusations. hearings onnt 12 benghazi and there is almost nothing. -- spent a lot of packs taxpayer money on these hearings. host: i appreciate your call. mark: i am supporting bernie thatrs for the simple fact no one has discussed -- i am an african-american caller. let's talk about the mass incarceration that went on during her husband's presidency. legislation that may

crack worse than cocaine. of b.s.brain -- rain he may not have as many delegates, but he is there. host: will you support the clinton campaign of bernie loses -- if bernie loses? mark: absolutely not. why has bernie sanders not one the african-american vote -- won the african-american vote? mark: the mainstream media. we're going to show you

this momentarily. terry is next. i was a republican as of a week ago. i am 54 years old. i would not be content -- caught dead voting for any of the republican candidates. i have been a hillary supporter. i will vote for her and i will never be a republican again. all this time, you have been a registered republican? terry: the way they are acting, it's embarrassing. hillary clinton is the most all

of candidate we have ever had. in that course of your voting, who has been the best republican candidate you are better for? terry: probably ronald reagan. here is beatrice from nebraska. beatrice: i am a hillary supporter through and through. she can hit the ground running on day one. i want to say something about bernie sanders. he doesn'tonder why have any senator that is backing him? even the other senator from vermont? he is backing hillary. people do not stop and think about that. win thew did he nebraska caucuses?

he won our county. can i say when i think to you? -- one other thing to you? you had a15, three-member panel. this guy was on. he is the director of the national security at the archives. program --e run that rerun that program? he mentioned: powell and george w. bush. colin powell and george w. bush. programu can find that

online. travis is next up. travis: high there. there. i am voting for bernie sanders. reference aing to cornell quote. he said that hillary clinton is the willy mcnilly candidate. we have social media. c-span is probably the least biased. look at youtube videos of hillary clinton lying, there are very simple things.

release the transcripts. it sounds very silent -- childlike. superdelegates are wrong. it will split the party and the results of that are going to be disastrous. delegates -- the 129 delegates do not have to follow the vote of the state. that number is early. plenty of states left to go. a few more calls here. we go to missouri. this is syria. who are you supporting question ?rk -- >> ted cruz. believer in the constitution.

he knows how to speak without being vulgar. host: do you think he has a innce of picking up a win michigan tomorrow or florida next week? >> i hope so. i truly hope so. pray for him every night. i do not want donald trump. what is the one thing you don't like about donald trump as a potential candidate? he has nothing to say about policy. he gets up on tv and just rambles. he newspeople allow people -- him to be on all of the time. he does not know how to speak. and he isun of them

gotten rid of several, good candidates that were running. he has no policy. the peoplederstand that he has supporting him. i don't know what's wrong with them. he knows nothing. host: thanks for the call. let's go to louisiana. m a on our democrats line. emma. -- >> hillary clinton. i am an average, single mom. i raised my kids by myself. i am not very political. i'm very logical. any chance of just

survival, to get things in order. that is not to say that she be the president, but her husband was president. he did a good job. no one is perfect. like donaldndidate i think he is a clown. person thatr hungry would not care about poor people like me. focusede is more congregating people who think what he says is funny or cute and set up looking at the big

issues that the united states is facing. other candidates, i do not see any kind of reason why i would vote for any of them. none of them have the whole picture at hand. i am not very articulate. host: thank you for your input. another's southern primary tomorrow. trump is speaking in madison, mississippi tonight. we will have coverage of the results beginning here on c-span at 8:00 eastern. let's go to brooklyn, michigan. jeff, you will be our last caller. i'm going to be voting for john kasich. i love him. i used to be a liberal but the the more centrist i

become. he is a very middle-of-the-road guy. a reasonable person he is not hard-core right when it comes to social issues. -- i became a republican because i look at the evidence of the states and it is obvious that red states do better than blue states. jeff, we appreciate your call and all of your calls. more tomorrow morning on washington journal at 7:00 a.m. eastern. at 7:45 a.m., we will hear from , she will be talking about feminism in the campaign. will be talking also tomorrow at 8:30 a.m.

that will all start live at seven 5 p.m. eastern. bernie sanders today in michigan at a rally earlier today outside of michigan in dearborn. it is an hour and 10 minutes. ♪ --.adies and gentlemen,

>> let me hear you. my man bernie sanders is ready to talk to you guys. are you guys ready? michigan is still in the barnyard. that is right. coming up, just in a few hours from now, we need everybody here to show up, to bring your friends, to bring your relatives, to show the country, to show this whole nation that we are ready for real inclusion, economic justice for all, right here. let's start it right here. [applause] i want to tell you i am so proud to be born right here in the state of michigan. i lived here for the first 22

years of my life and then they dragged me to minnesota. you guys here got an extra congressman in me. as i served in the u.s. congress with my good friend bernie sanders, he has been there for the american worker, he has been there for the american family, he has never stopped fighting for us, which is why i'm so proud to support bernie sanders, everybody. [applause] i just want to let you know that everybody in this whole country is a part of this thing. when the anti-muslim hate was raging real ugly back in december -- you remember when trump was talking all that stuff? we had to explain to our kids that no, your neighbors don't hate you. your neighbors actually do like you, it's just that one weird guy over there. let me tell you what bernie sanders did. he said let's go to a mosque and sit down in the mosque in

washington, d.c. and we will have a christian priest, a jewish rabbi and we will all sit down there and talk about how we are all part of this american family. let's do that. and you know what? that is exactly what we did. we denounced hate and talked about how this country is for all americans, no matter what your religion is, we are not going to let nobody divide us because you know what i mean? we need everybody. we are going to need everybody, everybody to restore real economic justice for all in america. the fact of the matter is the money has gone to the very tip top of this economy and a lot of super wealthy people have been struggling and the only way to overcome that is to get vast numbers of people just like here

in good old dearborn to come together, to say we are not going to be divided, we are going to fight for prosperity for everyone in this country. it doesn't matter if you are mexican or muslim or jewish or christian or catholic or if you don't practice any religion, or maybe you are hindu or whatever you are, we are welcome. we say welcome to you. we see peace be unto you because we believe this is what we believe this nation is all about. bernie sanders, whether it is domestic policy or foreign policy, bernie is always for the people. i was so proud when bernie said we don't need to invade iraq. he voted no on invading iraq.

he was smart enough he was not the secretary of state or nothing, but he is still smart enough, he was smart enough to know a country that had been under a no-fly zone for 12 years and for two thirds of its landmass was not about to attack the united states. when george bush said let's attack iraq, he's that i'm not going to do that. he said no on that and we need that kind of judgment in the white house. what do you think? bernie sanders, when they said, when obama said we are going to try to work out a deal with the iranians to make sure we don't have any wars or spread nuclear weapons. bernie said i'm for that and i backed that 100%. you remember that? his instincts are for peace in this world and dignity for all human beings, no matter where they live.

domestically, right here in the good old united states, right here in flint, bernie has been against these bad trade deals that hit michigan so hard. when i was working for a city councilman in the city of detroit and every day we would see 100 laid-off year, 100 laid off there, all these companies laying off workers here in opening plants all over the world as american's right here in michigan were losing their jobs, bernie has been against nafta, he was against the peruvian trade agreement because he knows we need fair trade, not just free trade, everybody. [applause] he knows if you tell a big company, you could reduce sure labor costs by supporting someone abroad.

we have to set the rules up to put american workers in a position where they can make a good, honest living. we don't open the doors for the lowest wage in this world. i think bernie is someone we can trust in this area. i want you to know i'm the chair of something called the progressive caucus in the u.s. congress. let me tell you about the progressive caucus. the progressive caucus was started by bernie sanders. long before i ever became chair, bernie sanders was there organizing people, bringing us together. it doesn't just mean standing for the right thing because bernie stands for the right thing but it means getting the win together in the right way,

involving the grass roots movement, that masses of americans, young people, old people, people in the sandwich generation, masses of americans coming out and that is how bernie does business. there was a contractor doing business with the federal government, they were doing food service and janitorial service and different kinds of services like that. they said we can't survive on $7.25 an hour no more. so what they did was they came out and demanded to be paid more money. we stood with those workers hand to hand, shoulder to shoulder. the lead person out there was bernie sanders. [applause] the person standing with the workers, standing with the cooks, standing with janitors, standing with security guards that was bernie sanders. bernie was the one who was not afraid to come out of that ivory

tower, that capitol building and stand with the people who were struggling hard to make ends meet. bernie not only stands for people fighting for a better wage but for the young people of the united states. for sure, bernie believes in debt free college, but it shocks me when bernie says he wants tuition free college, they say it is not possible. just like they've got in france, germany, denmark -- who believes that we can get that if we fight for it? we can win it if we fight for it. it's going to require all of us in this room to stand up and fight and stand with bernie sanders as he makes his demand. you tell them we don't ever give up on our dreams.

we don't give up on our dreams. in this country of ours some of -- there was a time in our nation's history when it if somebody was black to sit on the front of the bus -- some of you may have just read about it, some people said it was unrealistic but there were dreamers out there who believe in the best of america but stood for it and fought for it. there was a time in this nation's history when for a woman to cast a vote was considered ridiculous and unrealistic. it had to be people like susan b anthony and others that demanded if women are equal in god's eyes, they've got to be equal at the ballot box and guess what,

they won it because they fought for it. what i am saying to you is don't let anybody tell you we cannot have free tuition and our nations universities, that we cannot have that free college. we cannot have peaceful foreign policy in our nation. it is in the grasp of all of us if we only stand together and believe in it and we need a candidate who's going to be the standardbearer demanding we when these things. do you think that is my man bernie sanders? [applause] that is bernie sanders. you know you can trust bernie sanders because in the 1960's in this country, bernie sanders can be found fighting for his country, even get arrested doing it. most politicians don't put that on their resume. he was a man to risk arrest because he believed in what they were fighting for. he knew it wasn't the reality of 1961 but it could be the reality

of 2016. if there were some proud people who weren't going to tell people just be realistic. this is a patriotic campaign. we if we -- if we fight for what is right, we blew them out in maine. did you see what happened there. we blew them out in kansas as well. i'll bring you good news from minnesota where we beat them something. we blew them out. that same victory is right in our grasp. right here in michigan. [applause] that same win is in our hands if we only reach for it and grab it.

when you campaign with bernie, you see the people, the energy and the fire is on his side. you can see it, you can feel it. but there's a whole lot of other folks who got other plans and maybe they are not at rallies. what does that mean? that means you and i have to go out and get our friends, get our neighbors, we got 24 hours to do it. we've got 24 hours to grab your neighbors, your coworkers -- you've got 24 hours and there's a whole lot of people here in the state of michigan who won't make a decision until they get to the ballot box. did you know bernie stood for $15 an hour minimum wage. if you tell him, bernie actually believes we can fight climate

change and win and has been standing against keystone since before other people got around to it. you know what i'm saying? if you will get in there here if you will knock on those doors, we can win this thing. the real thing is will, will to win. who has the will to win? [applause] because i'm telling you now, i got on the flight early this morning to come back to my hometown because i was sure the people of dearborn, the people of flint, the people of detroit, all over the great state of michigan are ready for some real change and we are not going to lower our sights. we know it has already begun and that is why i am so proud to introduce to you my friend and

yours, bernie sanders. come on out. [applause] ♪ sen. sanders: let me begin by thanking mr. gilroy for his remarks but this is what i want to say about the guy. this guy is one of the great members of the united states congress. [applause] he has spent his political life taking on special interests, fighting for a peaceful world, fighting for economic justice, racial justice, environmental

justice. thank you so much for what you are doing. [applause] i want to tell you something else, about keith and how the real political world works. throughout this campaign, we have taken on the financial establishment and all of the big money and all of the big-money interests, we have taken on the political establishment. in minnesota, they didn't mention this but we took on the two united states senators who supported secretary clinton. we took on the governor who supported secretary clinton and we took on almost everybody in the legislature who supported secretary clinton. we had keith ellison on our side and we won by a landslide. [applause]

keith basically told you everything i was going to tell you so i am going home. [laughter] nah, here is the point. keith made the most important point that i commit to you. it's that real change never takes place from the top on down. it always takes place from the bottom on up. [applause] and if you think back historically at the struggle for workers rights, you remember that workers came together, some of them were beaten, some are jailed, some were killed but they said workers are entitled to collective bargaining and entitled to negotiate a contract. we will form a union. it took place from the bottom right on up. [applause]

as keith indicated, you remember, we often forget that in 1924, in 1924 is when women got the right to vote. it's less than 100 years ago. how did that happen? did it happen because some president signed something? it happened because women and their male allies struggled for decade after decade, some died, somewhat to jail, some went on hunger strikes and they said, in america, women will not be treated as second-class citizens. [applause] civil rights movement -- it has been going on for hundreds of years. african americans before slavery and their white allies said in

the united states of america, racism and bigotry and segregation are not acceptable. and hundreds of thousands and millions of people stood up and fought back. we still have a long way to go but that's how change takes place. [applause] when people tell you we can't do this or that, all they are saying is that they don't have the guts to take on the powerful special interests who are preventing that change from occurring. we do have the courage. [applause] before i go any further, i just had the honor of meeting with a number of arab-american leaders here in dearborn.

what i want to say is that if there is anything we are going to accomplish together, we are going to end bigotry in this country once and for all. [applause] the donald trumps and his friends are not going to prevail in scapegoating minorities in this country. [applause] they are not going to be successful in attacking and denigrating our muslim friends and neighbors. [applause] or our mexican friends and neighbors.

[applause] they are not going to divide us what we all know and i speak as somebody who has personal experience in this -- my dad was an immigrant. my dad came to this country without a penny in his pocket and could not speak english from poland at the age of 17. he never made much money. but he loved this country because of the opportunities it gave him and the ability to raise two of his kids, the first in his family to go to college. that's what america is about. we will not let trump divide us up, we will come together and create the america

that we know we can do. [applause] what this campaign is about is about doing something very, very radical in american politics. it is called telling the truth. [applause] and the truth is not always pleasant. i wish i could tell you wonderful things but it is important to understand reality because if we do not understand that reality, it is in fact impossible for us to go forward. [applause] let me tell you about reality. reality number 1 -- no president of the united states, not bernie sanders or anybody else can do what has to be done to deal with enormous problems facing the middle class and working families of this country. no president can do it alone.

[applause] that is not just rhetoric. that is not just words. that is reality. you know why that is true? no other candidate for president will tell you this -- the people who have the power in this country, the billionaire class, wall street, corporate america, the corporate media who determine what we see and what we hear, the large campaign contributors who have so much influence over the political process -- no one can defeat this group of people because they have so much power alone. no president can do it. the only way we defeat them and create an america that works for us all rather than the few is

when millions of people stand up, fight back, and demand to have a government which represents all of us, not just the 1%. [applause] i will tell you a story which is very gratifying. this is what i've been trying to do from day one in this campaign is to bring working people, young people, bring people who have given up on the political process back into that process so they can stand up and fight for their kids and their own lives. yesterday, i saw something that was enormously touching to me. it was a caucus in maine. there were photographs on the internet of a line half a mile long. half mile long of people waiting

hours to get into cast their vote. we won maine with 64% of the vote. [applause] in the largest voter turnout in the history of maine caucuses -- we had similar results in kansas. in other words, this is what is happening -- if we allow the same old same old to continue, you will get the same old, same old result. those same old, same old results will be the rich get richer, the middle class continues to disappear, and too many of our people live in poverty. if we want to change that same old, same old, we have to understand that politics is not a football game. football is a spectator sport.

we watch great athletes do their thing. politics and democracy means that every single one of us has to be actively involved in determining the future of america. [applause] tomorrow is a very important day here in michigan. it is your primary. if there is a large voter turnout, we will win. [applause] as keith said, bring your family members, bring your coworkers, bring your neighbors. let's show the establishment that we are not satisfied with the status quo, we want real change.

[applause] obviously, my opponent on the ballot will be secretary clinton. let me just speak for a moment about some of the differences that exist between secretary clinton and myself. number one, in this country today, we have a corrupt campaign finance system. [applause] as a result of citizens united, what we have seen is the emergence of a whole lot of super pacs into which billionaires, the wall street corporate america are putting huge amounts of money. secretary clinton has several super pacs. the largest recently reported that in the last filing period,

she raised $25 million including $15 million from wall street. [boos] secretary clinton has also gone behind closed doors with some of the major wall street financial institutions. she gets paid $225,000 per speech. not bad for a days work. i kind of figure that if you're going to get paid $225,000 to give a speech, it must be a brilliant speech. if it is such a brilliant speech, surely, you want to share that brilliant speech with the people of america. [applause] we have chosen -- secretary clinton also said she would release the transcripts.

here it is, i'm ready to release my transcripts, are you ready? here it is, you got it. nothing there. no speeches to wall street. [applause] we, on the other hand, have taken a different approach in how we raise funds. and how we do it is to go to working families and middle-class people. what has happened over the last 10 months has been absolutely amazing and mind blowing. we now have received 5 million individual campaign contributions. [applause] that is more individual campaign contributions than any candidate in the history of the united states of america. [applause]

anybody here know what the average campaign contribution is? i love that. i love that. $27. to quote abraham lincoln at gettysburg, this is a campaign of the people, by the people, and for the people. [applause] now, there is another issue that separates secretary clinton from myself. that is all of you are aware that in america today, our middle class is shrinking. almost all new income and wealth go to the top 1%. you are aware that many of the new jobs being created pay wages that are just too low. there are a lot of factors for

that but one of the major reasons is that, for the last 30 years, we have had a series of disastrous trade policies written by corporate america. these trade policies whether it's nafta or cafta or trade relations with china or others, the basic principle was the following: corporate america helped write these trade agreements and they say why should i pay a worker in michigan or vermont a decent wage with decent benefits, negotiate with the union, and have to obey environmental legislation when i could go to mexico or china and pay people pennies an hour?

that is what they wanted. that is what they have accomplished because of these disastrous trade agreements. in this country, in the last 15 years, we have seen the loss of 60,000 factories in america. 60,000 factories and millions of decent paying jobs. while not all of that is attributable to trade, a lot of it is. all of you know factories and communities all over this country shut down, workers were thrown out on the street, factory went to mexico or to china or some other low-wage country. hillary clinton has supported virtually every one of these disastrous trade policies. [boos] i have opposed every one of these disastrous policies. [applause]

last night, there was a debate and in order to kind of hide her positions on trade, secretary clinton announced that i was an opponent of the bailout of the automobile industry which is so important here in michigan and many other states. that is absolutely untrue. there was one vote in terms of whether or not we bailed out the automobile industry in the senate. it was december 11, 2008. i voted for that bailout in support of the workers in the automobile industry. [applause] to say otherwise is to not say the truth. there is another area of huge consequence between difference

of opinion between secretary clinton and myself and that has to do with foreign policy. in 2002, the congress debated the most important foreign policy issue in the modern history of this country. i listened very carefully to president bush and vice president cheney had to say. about going to war in iraq. i not only voted against that war, i helped lead the opposition to going to war in iraq. [applause] it gives me no pleasure to tell you that much of what i feared would happen is exactly what did happen in terms of the chaos and instability in that region which has led us to where we are today.

secretary clinton heard the same evidence that i heard. she voted for that disastrous war. [boos] you know, it is very easy when you were a politician to point out what is true. is there a lot of terrible day dictators and demagogues all over this world? qaddafi of libya is certainly one of them. it's not enough to say he is a tyrant and dictator. before you overthrow him, you have to think about what happens the day after he is gone. regime change does not always

work out quite as smoothly as some people think it does. [applause] a series of articles in the new york times recently made a point that the president was not sure what to do about libya. secretary clinton was one of the more aggressive people to say we've got to go in and overthrow qaddafi. there is massive instability in libya and isis has a foothold in that country today. the point being that regime change is more complicated and often has unintended consequences. we've got to be careful about that. [applause] on foreign policy, there is another issue and i wish i could come before you and tell you that i have a magical solution, i don't. that is for decades now, there has been hatred and warfare in the middle east. everybody knows we have had some

presidents like carter and clinton and others who have tried to do their best to resolve it. all i can tell you is i will make every single effort to bring rational people on both sides together so that hopefully, we can have, through a level playing field, the united states treating everybody in that region equally, hopefully. [applause] i know that there are people of goodwill in israel and the arab communities, this is not an easy task. but it is a task that we must pursue. we cannot continue to have, for another 60 years, the kind of hatred and conflict that exist in the middle east. [applause]

this campaign is doing as well as it is winning caucus after caucus because we are listening to the american people rather than just wealthy campaign contributors. we are listening to workers who tell us they cannot make it on $9-$10 per hour. that's not enough money for one person let alone to raise a family. that is why, when we think big and when we determine that in america, no worker working 40 hours per week should live in poverty, we know that we have to raise the minimum wage to a living wage, $15 per hour. [applause]

this campaign is listening to senior citizens and disabled veterans. a great nation is judged not by how many millionaires and billionaires it has but i how it treats the weakest and most vulnerable amongst us. that's what are great nation is about. [applause] there are millions of seniors and disabled veterans in this country who are trying to get by on $12,000 per year social security. you know what? nobody can get by on $12,000 per year on social security. unbelievably, there are republicans out there who actually want to cut social security. i've got some very bad news for them. not only are we not going to cut social security, we are going to expand social security benefits. [applause]

this campaign is listening to young people and what young people are telling me is how does it happen that i end up 50, 60, $80,000 in debt because i simply wanted to get the best education that i could. [applause] again, this is what keith ellison was saying. we've got to think out side of the status quo. we all take it for granted. millions of people in this country are deeply in debt for the crime of getting a higher education. you know what? that's pretty crazy. that is not right. what we want to do is to encourage every american to be able to get all of the education

that they need, not punish people for getting an education. [applause] that is why we will do three things. again, this may seem radical but women's rights were considered radical. gay rights were considered radical. [applause] workers rights were considered radical. 40-50 years ago, you could graduate high school and get a

pretty good job. aday, in many respects college degree is equivalent to what a high school degree was many years ago. [applause] it seems to me, we have got to do three things. one, in the year 2016, we have got to make public colleges and universities tuition for a. -- tuition free. [applause] is this a radical idea? it is absolutely common sense. the world has changed, new type of education is needed to deal with the new technologies that are complicated. people need different types and more education. haved of all, you countries like germany and scandinavia, that's what they are doing. the third thing and this will

shock some of you, 50, 60 years ago, guess what? public colleges and universities in the united states of america were virtually tuition free. this is not a radical idea. it's exactly what we should do. the second thing we should do is that people are carrying have a --heavy student debt, we got to lower that debt i allowing them to refinance their loans. [applause] as you know, 2008, after wall street's reckless and illegal behavior drove this economy into the worst economic downturn since the great depression, the congress bailed out wall street. they bailed out the wealthiest and most powerful institution in america. i think that now, what we need

to do, is impose a tax on wall street speculation [applause] which will raise the money we need to lower student debt and make colleges and universities tuition free. [applause] you helped bailout wall street. now it is wall street's turn to help the middle class. [applause] this campaign is listening to women. what women are saying is how does it happen that they sit in an office or factory and they end up making $.79 on the dollar compared to the guy in the other room? [applause] i know that every man in this room will stand with women in

the fight for pay equity for women workers. [applause] this campaign is listening to our brothers and sisters in the african-american community. what they are telling us is that we have a broken criminal justice system. [applause] which ends up having more people in jail than any other country on earth. shamefully, absurdly, we are spending $80 billion per year to lock up 2.2 million americans disproportionately african americans, latino, and native americans. one of the reasons for that is

that youth unemployment in this country is outrageously high. for young whites, 33% are high school graduates, latinos 36%, african-americans, 51%. you want to hear a radical idea? here's the radical idea. we will invest in education and jobs for our young people, not jails and incarceration. [applause] this campaign is listening to our latino brothers and sisters. what they are telling us is that they are tired of living in fear, living in the shadows and i

agree with them when they say we need comprehensive immigration reform and a path to citizenship. [applause] this campaign is listening to native americans. these are people who have been treated shamefully for hundreds of years. [applause] we owe the first americans so much and it's time we started paying back that debt. [applause] there is a lot of anger out there today in the united states and i will tell you one of the reasons why there is so much anger. in my state and in michigan, throughout this country, you've got millions of people working longer hours for lower wages.

you will have families where mom is working long hours and dad is working long hours and kids are working long hours. marriages are being stressed and destroyed because parents don't have quality time to spend together. kids are not getting the attention they deserve because everybody is working. [applause] meanwhile, despite the fact that we work so hard and here in america, not a lot of people know this, we work the longest hours of any people in the industrialized world. the japanese are hard workers, we work longer hours than they do. and yet, despite all of that, 58% of all new income created today goes to the top 1%.

[boos] today in america, we have a worse level and more grotesque level of wealth inequality than any other major country on earth, worse than since 1928. in america today, the top 1/10 of 1% owns almost as much wealth as the bottom 90%. the wealthiest 20 people own more wealth in the bottom half of america, 150 million people. what our job is and what we can do together is to create an economy that works for all of us, not just wealthy campaign contributors. [applause] real unemployment in this

country is not 4.9%. real unemployment is double that. youth unemployment is off the charts. i was in flint, michigan a couple of weeks ago talking to people who have been impacted by poison water. we had a town meeting there as well. the conclusion that i reached is that it was, in talking and listening to these people and their pain i don't want to speak out out what i heard because it is so painful about children being poisoned and the implications of that and what it means for kids lives -- that was happening in the united states of america in the year 2016 was literally hard to believe it it was like a was talking to people in the third or fourth world country, not the richest country in the history of the world.

in the richest country in the history of the world, our infrastructure, our water system, our wastewater plants, roads and bridges and rail system and levees and dams should not be crumbling. that is why we have got to rebuild our water systems in flint and all over this country, rebuild our infrastructure and when we do that, we can create 13 million decent paying jobs. [applause] republicans go around the country and they talk a lot about family values. i want you all to know what they mean by that. what they mean is that no woman in this room, in this state, in this country should have the right to control her own body. i disagree.

[applause] what they mean is that our gay brothers and sisters should not have the right to be married. i disagree. [applause] but when i talk about family values, it is a little bit different than republican family values. this is what i talk about -- i talk about ending the international embarrassment of the united states being the only major country on earth that does not guarantee paid family and medical leave. [applause] there is a woman today in

michigan or vermont, throughout this country, who is having some beautiful baby today and that is a great day. but if that woman is working class or lower income, you know what happens to her relationship to her baby? what happens is that in a week or two weeks after birth, she is forced to separate herself from that baby and go back to work and earn enough income to take care of her family. that is wrong. a mom and a dad have the right to stay home with their newborn baby. [applause] and that is why together, we will pass legislation now in the congress guaranteeing three months paid family and medical leave. [applause]

when we talk about what goes on in this country and billionaires buying elections and wall street putting all kinds of money into super pacs, you and i know that is not democracy. that is oligarchy. [applause] and that is why we are going to overturn this disastrous citizens united supreme court ruling. [applause] i am a member of the u.s. senate committee on the environment and on energy. i have talked to scientists all over our country and all over the world.

the debate is over. climate change is real. it is caused by human activity and is already doing devastating harm in our country and around the world. [applause] we have a moral responsibility to make sure that this planet, our only planet, is left to future generations in a way that is healthy and is habitable. what the scientists are telling us very clearly is that if we do not get our act together and in a short time, this planet, by the end of this century, will be between 5-10 degrees fahrenheit warmer. you know what that means? it means more drought, more

flooding, more extreme weather disturbances, more acidification and destruction of our oceans. it means more rising sea levels and the flooding of coastal communities. it means more international conflict as people around the world fight over limited natural resources. we must have the courage to take on the fossil fuel industry and tell them we are going to transform our energy system away from fossil fuel to energy efficiency and sustainable energy. [applause] leaving this planet in a way that is healthy for future generations is a heck of a lot more important than the short-term profits of oil

companies or coal companies. [applause] let me connect to some dots for you and tell you what a corrupt campaign finance system means to sensible policies. you may have noticed tv does not talk about it but you may have noticed not one republican candidate for president will go before you and say i've talked to the scientists and read the literature and climate change is real and we got to do something about it. not one. the reason for that is that on the day that republican comes forward and says that climate change is real, on that day, that candidate loses his funding from the fossil fuel industry. [applause] that is what a corrupt campaign finance system does.

that is not the symbol from the fact that all of you are paying the highest prices in the world for prescription drugs. do you think it's an accident that the pharmaceutical industry pours huge amounts of money into campaign contributions and huge amounts of money into lobbying? that's what happens when you buy congress. you get the ability to charge the highest prices in the world for prescription drugs in this country. if you are wall street, what your campaign contribution brings you is the ability to overturn legislation like glass-steagall, the ability to make sure that wall street can do what it wants to do. that is what money buys. that's why we have got to change this campaign finance system. [applause]

there have been many issues i have been attacked on but one may be more than any other. that is that i recognize that in every major country on earth, whether it is the united kingdom or france or germany, italy, holland, scandinavia or our neighbors to the north in canada, all of those countries managed to provide health care to all of their people. [applause] the united states today is the only major country on earth that does not do that. i think that is wrong. it is my belief, let me say it again to be as crystal clear as i can --

in my view, health care is a right of all people, not a privilege. [applause] when we think big, we have got to ask ourselves, how does it happen today despite the good gains of the affordable care act, 29 million americans have no health insurance? many of you in this room and millions of americans do have health insurance but you are underinsured with high deductibles and copayments, am i right? some of you, i'd bet, have $5,000 and a doctor bills, right? some of you have more than that, right? what does it mean if you have a high deductible and not a lot of money? it means you don't go to the doctor when you should. we pay the highest prices in the world for prescription drugs.

meanwhile, despite all of those problems, we are spending far more than any other major country per person on health care. we are spending almost three times with the british spend and 50% more than the french and for more than the canadians. that's why it is my view that this country must move toward a medic care for all health care system. [applause] [chanting] bernie, bernie, bernie! zanders: -- senator sanders: i have been told -- my critics say this, my opponent

says ernie is a nice guy but just can't win a general election. he just can't beat those republicans. [applause] let me just say the polls go up and down and sometimes they are not always reliable bureau the fact -- virtually every national poll of has taken place has bernie sanders defeating donald trump. [cheers and applause] sanders: and almost all of those national polls and many state polls have bernie sanders defeating donald trump by a much wider margin than hillary clinton. ]cheers and applause senator sanders: here in michigan for example, there was a poll out the other day. hillary clinton did well against

donald trump and beat him by 16 points, we beat him by 22 points. [cheers and applause] senator sanders: that is true in state after state after state. the reason that we will together defeat donald trump if he is the republican candidate is not complicated. that is that the american people are not going to elect as president somebody who insults muslims -- [cheers] senator sanders one of the : largest religions in the world, that's not the kind of guy they will elect as president. somebody who insults mexicans, our neighbors to the south. [cheers and applause] senator sanders: the american

people are not going to elect a president who every day is insulting women. [cheers and applause] senator sanders who insults : african-americans, let us not forget, people sometimes do -- president obama, who i have known for many years has been , subjected not only to more obstructionism on the part of republicans, unprecedented legislative obstructionism but it has gone further than that. president obama, as you know, -- donald trump a few years ago led the so-called birther effort. what that effort was about was a very, very significant thing. what he was trying to do is to de-legitimize the president of the united states. what he was saying is this guy's not really the president because

he really was not born in the united states of america. absolutely blatant lie. the interesting thing is that president obama's father was born in kenya. my father was born in poland. nobody has ever asked me for my birth certificate. [cheers and applause] [chanting] bernie, bernie! senator sanders: do you think it might have something to do with the color of my skin versus president obama's skin? i think so. [cheers and applause] senator sanders: we will defeat donald trump because the american people understand that bringing people together trumps dividing people up.

[cheers and applause] senator sanders: the american people understand that community helping each other trumps selfishness. [cheers and applause] senator sanders: and most importantly, the american people understand what every great religion on earth -- christianity, judaism, islam, buddhism, whatever the religion is -- and that is that love trumps hatred. [cheers and applause] sanders: tomorrow, michigan has a very important role to play in the fight for fundamental change in america and a political revolution.

we will win if there is a large voter turnout. please, make that happen. thank you all. [cheers and applause] ♪ ♪

>> three primaries and one caucus are taking place in several states tomorrow. a special focus on michigan and mississippi. and join us beginning 8:00 p.m. intern for live result

bureau reaction. taking you on the road to the white house on c-span, c-span radio, and www.c-span.org. >> coming up, the history for third-party candidates for the presidency. in several advocates on sentencing policies. that's followed by hillary clinton's campaigning in detroit. >> on the next washington journal, president of the feminist majority foundation on campaign 2016 and feminism. then distal right, editor and publisher of conservativeblac kchick.com. you can join the conversation with your calls and conversations on twitter. coming up on tuesday, the brookings institution holds a discussion on state parties and their role in national and

political campaigns. see it live here on c-span. >> every election cycle, we are reminded how important it is for citizens to be informed. >> is a home for political junkies and a way to track the government as it happens. us tos a great way for stay informed. >> a lot of c-span fans on the hill. wexler's so much more c-span does to make sure people outside know what is going on inside. next, a look at the history of third-party and independent candidates in presidential elections. the director of the university center for politics was a guest on this morning's washington journal.

>> tuning us next talk about the history of independence and third-party presidential candidates, the director of the center for politics at the university of virginia and founder of the newsletter that on racesailed analysis all across the country, including the presidential race. good morning. larry: good morning. host: with talk about michael bloomberg potentially jumping into the presidential race, it has brought up this issue of third-party and independent candidates but this is not a new occurrence. climateut the current and how things might be different than past independent runs. larry: i'm not sure they will be different in the end and we don't know for sure that they will be any beyond the visual third parties like the libertarian party.

the reason people are becauseing clearly is of the trump phenomenon on the republican side. if donald trump gets the , you aren nomination going to have a lot of institutional opposition to him on the republican side. mitt romney is the tip of the iceberg. it is entirely possible you will have some establishment republicans, big donors sponsoring a ticket. what does it do? composed ofuld be republican figures who are well

respected and likely at the end of their careers and willing to take a lot of abuse and know that they won't be running for anything else because they certainly won't win the election. that they would attract millions of republicans who might not be able to for one reason or another back donald trump. those votes, they will ensure that the democratic nominee wins the presidential election. there is a secondary effect that will be important to republicans. let's say that the ticket wins 7 million or 10 million votes. those votes are probably transferable in large part. in the case of the senate, of course, it's a highly competitive battle. the senate can go either way because of the seats that are up and competitive. those could be critical if republicans are to maintain

control of the senate. that's what republicans would get out of it. you mentioned bloomberg. let's talk about one other possibility there. it's marked in the elections in november. a lot of things can happen between now and then. i have no idea what he will end up doing. if you force me to guess, i would say that he would not run simply because there really is not a path to victory for him. anyway that he can accumulate that many electoral votes. i could see him getting a lot of votes. they would come from all over the place, but disproportionately it would hurt the democratic nominee, but i don't think that's what he wants to do given his record on gun control and lots of other things.

this could go in a million different ways. it will be interesting and exciting. the campaign so far has broken every rule that i know of in terms of third party and independent candidates. we want to bring our viewers into this conversation. if you want to come in and talk about independent candidates, call -- host: you talked about some of the reasons that michael bloomberg may or may not get into this race. 2008 about his concern, let's take a look at that. [video clip]

it's been twisted out of any semblance. the declaration of war authorities done with. it's been shrunk to an invisible level. the claws of eminent domain, there are no limits in the government on that. other than what the executive decided to be. the bill of rights has been violated seriously. talk about the kinds of issues that independent candidates we have seen in recent history, what drove them to that decision? lyrical -- guest: they feel the

republican candidate may not be sufficiently conservative. some are on the left, like mr. nader. they believe the democratic candidate is insufficiently local. then there are centrist. ross perot was essentially a centrist when he ran in 1992 and ran less successfully in 1996. john anderson was a centrist when he ran in the great reagan carter presidential contest of that year. then you have the libertarian to have a different philosophy, a bridge philosophy including some republican and democratic components. are very different. let's take ralph nader as an example. back in 2000 he ran as candidate for president. that's not much in the context

of candidates who have an impact on races. if you think back to teddy roosevelt, he got 28% of the vote, incredibly, in 1912 when he broke with the republican party and ran as a bull moose candidate. that 2.7% that he got actually had as great an impact, you could argue, as the 28%. roosevelt essentially elected woodrow wilson president. he got about 47% of the november wrote -- vote. anduse president taft roosevelt split most of the additional 60%, woodrow wilson got a massive electoral college landslide. what happened in 2000? -- i have to be careful here, i've artie got a

long letter from him over the years. it's a good letter, i don't need another one. had al gore appealed more fully, better to liberal voters, the votes for ralph .ader wouldn't have been there you could make a strong case that had ralph nader not been on the ballot, al gore would certainly have carried florida in the election. 537 votes separated george w. bush from alrge w gore. i believe it's pretty clear that al gore would have carried new hampshire as well. because of the split on the democratic side. those electoral votes in new

hampshire would have been elected president. even a small but minor independent candidate, if the votes are distributed in a certain way, can influence the results of an election, totally turn the election on its head. you have to look at every third-party candidate and independent candidate seriously. look at where they will be drawing from, disproportionately. how it affects the candidates. it is all part of an interesting calculus that reduces precedents. guest: -- host: ok, we are talking live "the next america: boomers, millennials, and the looming generational showdown -- ok, we are talking with larry sabato. gary, you are on with larry. caller: yes, thank you for taking my call.

the real problem is that the democrats and the republicans have run people out of their party. there is no place for the people to go. i have tried being both. it doesn't work. gore is no place for them to because both of the political parties are working against the populace of the country. making deals with each other but doesn't benefit anybody maybe big business or the stock exchange. or just like in the constitution, like nader said, they done away with the constitution, the patriot act. ok, let's give larry sabado a chance to talk about that issue. how much does that drive an

independent candidacy? the gentleman is certainly correct, a lot of people feel the way that he does . i don't know his exact orlosophy, left, right, middle, but for a lot of reasons a lot of voters may feel they don't fit the democratic or republican party. i can understand that. in our system when there is a demand, there is generally a supply. so, if that feeling is broad enough and enough people are expressing it, you will end up with a candidate who is more or less where you or your fellow citizens may be. in -- argue that you get involved earlier in the process. republican17 candidates for president. there was one of everything in there. there were five democrats.

yes, to survived, with only publicans left, but the two different.re quite they have different orientations and philosophies. most of it is the same. but the way they come at problems is quite different. the same is clearly true for the republicans. you could not have candidates more different than donald trump. if you get involved early, you can influence the selection of the nominees. find a candidate in these large candidate fields that come close to your views on some things. the democraticn line, mike, from tampa, florida. you are on with larry sabato. caller: good morning. seems to me that the republicans and democrats have these ways of keeping independents out