exploration and operations mission and into space technology, a place where probably better fits it. we have had to make sacrifices in space technology. way towell on the delivering restorable and a satellite commission. the other thing we are getting from it is finding synergies with the redirect mission, something which is a part of our journey to mars, if you will. in working with industry and academia and entrepreneurs, we are finding that we are learning a lot and gaining a lot by working on restoral. it is another thing that restore rail has done -- when you look back on the lessons learned from previous shuttle missions, some will remember a mission where we a spentd to go and save upper stage rocket using a probe, if you will, looked like

a jousting stick, to go up in the end of the rocket and bring it back to the shuttle. as a result of the preliminary work we have been doing on satellite servicing, orbital 80 k, working with a company right out in maryland has developed a satellite servicing device that we think will, when teamed with worcester royal, -- restorial -- sen. mikulski: that's my point, its government and industry together in this country. mr. bolden: yes, m'a'am. sen. mikulski: thank you very much. you forhairman, thank the excellent job you're doing. i especially want to complement barbara mikulski for her outstanding service on this committee and how much we are going to miss her.

fun and be as much probably not near as effective as it has been. we will work together and try to live up to the statute. we appreciate the good work of the administrator of nasa as well. this is one of those situations where our committee has the learn more about these programs under the jurisdiction of the committee that have such long-lasting and far-reaching consequences. we need to get it right, we need understandthat we the best in our national interest, and that we provide the funding that is needed for

the important programs that come under the jurisdiction of this committee. i want to congratulate barbara and think our distinguished witness for his service. mr. bolden: thank you very much. >> i too would like to add my voice of admiration and gratitude to senator mikulski. she is a wonderful champion for many things, one of which is nasa. thank you for the inspiration that you provide for us and the future in this senate. general bolden, i would like to thank you for coming to west virginia state university and delivering the graduation address. it was very much appreciated. eroi discovered a new nasa har in miss catherine johnson. she received the presidential medal of freedom this past year.

it was a great opportunity to meet a real american hero. i want to follow-up on one of the questions senator mikulski was asking about satellite servicing capabilities. goddardit is done at but some of it is done at the west virginia robotic technology anter and west virginia is elite academic institution. i did not hear in your answer, there's a small cut to this program -- no. ma'am.den: no, that was a question that senator mikulski had asked. i think this year it is $130 million in the next budget. it's inlly funded, formulation right now, and the center at west virginia is also because that is an extension of goddard and the robotic lab at

the robotic spaceflight center. bringam enables them to in graduate students, college students, and others. sen. moore capito: also i like to say i was honored to attend the sample return robot challenge winner level 2, which was at wvu. aey not only achieved victory, but received $100,000 which they will put into scholarships for future students and to enhance their capabilities there. you and i have talked about how do we inspire future generations, and i think those challenges are always very inspirational. now i'm going to go way out on something i need you to educate me on. the president has proposed an increase in the area of helio physics. an understanding of what the benefits of this program would be? west virginia university faculty of dave -- members that are

involved in this. i know it has some weather implications. thebolden: helio physics is study of the sun. the big implication is space weather. it is the study of our sun and it's really trying to help us understand what potential impact solar flares called coronal mass ejection's that are big bursts of energy from the sun, what would be the effect on our communication system, on all of our networks, since most things are space-based today. that kind of energy made it through to the orbiting satellites, it could have an adverse impact. understanding the energy coming from the sun, we know how to harden satellites now. important toly essentially the satellite infrastructure of the nation. sen. moore capito: i noticed in

your testimony that it involves some of the technologies that have been developed, getting sun, in a more detailed and innovative way. it's good for me to know more about the sun. mr. bolden: that's what they told me. sen. moore capito: one last thing. we are still falling short in our stem education. nasa has been working with the spaceion resource through grant programs. i would ask a rededication from your position and certainly nasa 's position to inspire that next-generation we talked about, that low percentage of minorities and women in the field. we talked about partnership working together. anything you can do or we think you can help with that, please make sure we are there on the front with you. that isen: one thing

absolutely necessary is continued emphasis from people like you who have a voice to help us understand several things. the critical importance of stem education in this nation. i believe nasa dedicates $19 billion in its 2017 budget to stem education. when we launched orion on it had a5 last year, student experiment on it. that is something that a students normally would not get from a classroom. came was not the dime that out of the formal education budget. it came out of our exploration budget. that is stem education. we are the only budget in the federal government that says every dollar of our expenditures education. to stem we need help encouraging people to take seriously the critical need to increase the numbers of women and minorities in the stem fields.

we are challenged. we think we have some answers, but we don't have all the answers. as a zoologypito: major in college, you can do other things with a science degree besides be the administrator at nasa. there is hope. thank you. i would like to follow-up on senator capito's question about the funding for the science. i appreciate what you're saying, viewedu do and things is by a lot of people and things and that is an educational opportunity. you are still cutting the office and the budget. can you talk specifically about that in a state like west virginia, in a state like arkansas, that really does make a difference. there's not many dollars at all.

involved is getting young people who are going to be the future of nasa as we go forward. these are minimal dollars. tell me a little bit about the importance of the office of and why we are cutting back. very many dollars at all, especially for states like arkansas and west virginia. mr. bolden: with funding being limited the way it has been since i became a nasa administrator, it is decreasing. as we have level budgets, that means it is decreasing. we have had to try to find innovative ways to continue to fund education in the manner we did before. one of the things we have done at nasa is we consolidate inside the agency. rather than having every project

responsible for managing its own little education program, those funds are consolidated. what we are getting is more efficient application of our funds towards education, trying to do more with less. i hate saying that. we are trying to be more efficient with the fewer dollars that we have. i understand the budget constraints and things. i understand what you are saying in efficiency. in this case, the reality is there will be less programs in the states that are important. it's not a lot of dollars, but it's one of those things when versusk at dollar spent

return to your program, it really is important. i appreciate your hard work and the agency and all you represent great thank you, mr. chairman. mikulski: mr. administrator, we could go through a lot of the line item questions, but i'm concerned about america's future. concerned about where the jobs are going to be, where will great thiseople work is why i'm a big believer in american innovation. you and i talked about the generation we are from. we have seen great discovery, great jobs. the angle we see in america right now is directly tied to the loss of jobs. how dotion to you is,

you see this budget posing the innovation deficit? what is it that we are doing? capito's question is, is this science for science sake? where is it going to take us? and the space institute -- we have three nobel prize winners. just won thee, who nobel prize. i want to win the markets. -- what are wee andoting in innovation, what is in this budget and what inin your strategic plan this administration to transfer to the next, whoever that might

tech transfer, so we win the prizes but we win the markets and our young people can see that they have a future where we are going to continue to make something of ourselves. mr. bolden: if you look at the budget, inside the human expiration mission, there is a line item called application systems. under habitation systems are a number of lesser projects that are all technology development innovation to help us get humans to mars. -- ier one of those things want to say that is 12 individual contracts that we let over this last year. is some work to shore up the laboratory for dr. reverend james diaz. we're talking about advanced in space propulsion. we're making small investments, incremental investments in

american industry, but more importantly, in small businesses and entrepreneurial entities that will keep us on the cusp of being the innovation leaders in the world. hopefully every member of the committee has a copy of our flyer on the future of flight. this is all fueling the engine of innovation in the error not excommunicate a. balance of trade items in this nation. the reason we are so excited is because it is returning nasa to the position where we are the leaders in erin aeronauticstion -- exploration and development. sen. mikulski: thank you very much. we have to stand up for the future. there are no further questions.

senators may submit additional questions for the subcommittee's official hearing record to the nasa administrator. would request if those questions are sent to the administrator, that they be answered within 30 days. we appreciate your appearance and look forward to trying to work with you on putting this appropriation together. [captioning performed by the national captioning institute] [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2016]

>> this week in washington, d.c. the canadian prime minister is making an official visit, joined by his wife. to the the couple heads white house for an official dinner with president obama and first lady michelle obama. this is the prime minister's first official visit to the u.s. since he took office last fall and the first official visit by a canadian prime minister in nearly 20 years. watch the guest arrivals and 6:15 p.m.rting at eastern here on c-span. former first lady nancy reagan died last sunday in california. she was 94 years old. at the reagan presidential liesry in simi valley she in repose. we will watch for a few minutes as visitors pay their respects.

>> the body of former first lady nancy reagan lying in repose. this will be available, open to the public for the next 1/2 hour at the ronald reagan presidential library in simi valley, california.

also in attendance, current first lady michelle obama. for more information on services and events are membrane nancy reagan, visit the reagan library website, reaganlibrary.com. camhis years as student documentary competition was our largest yet, nearly 6000 middle and high school students took part alone or in teams of up to 3. we received nearly 2900 entries. even from schools as far away as taiwan and the united arab emirates. now it's time to award $100,000 in prize money to the winners. for this year's contest, students were asked to produce documentaries using our road to the white house theme, specifically to document what issue they most wanted the candidates to discuss during the 2016 residential campaign. students told us that the economy, equality, education,

and immigration were all top issues. our judges have final -- finalize their decisions. all, and 150 prizes in one fan favorite selected by you. we are happy to announce our top prize winners. our grand prize winner is a 10th grader from jenks, oklahoma. olivia's winning documentary "upled "of to our next" -- to our necks" addresses the federal debt. >> how exactly does america get up to its neck in debt? every year large sums of federal money are donated to several areas. the first is discretionary spending, which in 2017 received 1.7 trillion dollars. the second section is mandatory spending, which received $2.45 trillion in 2015.

lastly, there is interest on the federal debt, which received $229 billion. >> as our grand prize winner, she wins $5,000 for her documentary and the c-span bus will travel to her school so we can present her with the check for the grand prize. goes to "whate should be done about money in politics"? in youree flyers mailbox and hear advertisers on tv, radio, and the internet. politicians spend millions of dollars on their campaign. every day that congress is in session, there are fundraisers all over the country. in 2012, the president of that presidential elections called for $2.6 billion. you can't help but wonder, where does all this money come from?

>> the first winners of our high school central competition attend troy high school in troy, michigan. the documentary is entitled "the 1%." >> today americans are drowning in overly debated issues such as immigration, medicare, terrorism, leaked e-mails. although these are important topics, the issue that will effect the most americans is the issue of the 1%. >> 1%. >> 1%. >> 1%. >> 1%. >> not that 1%. shining blue jewel of the united states, the great lakes. >> truly one of the unique resources in the world. cam first prize winners from our high school phoenix,gory are from arizona.

the documentary is entitled "rethinking reform: prisons in america." prison systems around the united states have changed 30ically in the last 20 to years, but let me address arizona. 20 years ago our prison population was about 20,000 people. now our state prison system is over 40,000. the composition of the prison population has also dramatically changed. >> finally, our fan favorite was selected through your online voting. we are happy to announce the winners who will receive an additional $500 our first rise winners for high school east 10th graders from montgomery blair high school.

the documentary is entitled "driving forward." love moving around. we love fast cars, big trucks, road trips, horsepower, and 70 mile per hour speed limits. for all our love of what we drive, we tend to take what we drive on for granted. america's 2 million miles of roads and 600,000 bridges are aging, congested, and often dangerous. >> thanks to all the students and teachers who competed this year, and congratulations to all of our winners. top 20 winning entries will air on c-span starting in april. all the winning entries are available for viewing online at studentcam.org. >> today at the pentagon, press secretary peter cook said us-led forces have been able to significantly disrupt and degrade the chemical weapons capabilities of isis.

this comes after the capture in february of an isis leader who the pentagon says provided information about their chemical weapons program. >> i have some important announcements today before i take your questions. i want to begin with an important development in the counter-isil campaign. in february coalition forces isil's chemical and weapons manufacturing leader. he was transferred earlier today into the custody of the government of iraq. threw him the coalition learn chemicalbout isil's weapons facilities and production, as well as the people involved.

the information has resulted in multiple coalition airstrikes that have disrupted and degraded isil's ability to produce chemical weapons and will continue to inform our operations into the future. we are limited in what else we can say about his capture and what we have learned from him because we do not want to operations.ngoing today secretary carter formally approve the implementation plans prepared by the military services, u.s. special operations command to integrate women into all combat roles. before the secretary's approval, debbie teri secretary of defense and vice chairman of the joint chiefs of staff cochaired an implementation group that reviewed each of these plans in detail. they determined all the plans adequately address the secretary carter's seven guiding principles. standards, population size, physical demands and physiological differences, conduct and culture, talent management,

operating abroad, and assessment and adjustment. and ensuring they need those guiding principles. the statement, with additional details on the secretaries approval, including links to the implementation plans and links to additional comments from the secretary. hise plans we posted to website. i encourage you all to check those out. toretary carter will travel the white house to attend a state dinner for the canadian prime minister trudeau. canada is an important ally to the united states, especially in the isis efforts. their will be doubling military contributions. with that, i would be happy to take your questions.

weapons,ing chemical can you say more about multiple detainee? from the can you say when and how many? facilities, and do these operations illuminate chemical warfare capabilities? >> limited the second part first. we are confident the strikes that have been conducted have disrupted and degraded their chemical weapons capabilities. i am not going to say we knocked it out, but we feel confident that we made a difference. this information was very helpful in conducting these strikes. ,hey will continue to inform and this information will inform our operations in the future.

we feel good about the damage we have done to that program, to those capabilities. again, it will inform our operations going forward. i will not go into the details about the kinds of operations we have conducted. in part, i do not want to get into tactics. i don't want to compromise ongoing operations. multiple airstrikes have been targeted specifically as a result of the information we were able to get. how many facilities or people were hit? >> again, for a variety of ofsons, because of the fact ongoing operations, i am going to keep it in the abstract. as a result of this detention,

we have learned from this individual. will they continue additional airstrikes? >> we believe that the information we have been able to obtain will allow us to conduct additional operations. >> point -- iss the will press the point. the pentagon is saying "degrade d." when you say disrupted and integrated, can you give us any toormation, any data coming back up that statement at the pentagon? thating you can say about conclusion today?

i'm going to stay where i am right now because of those ongoing operations. there have been specific targets hit as a result of this information that includes, and i can say it includes facilities that we believe were part of their chemical weapons capabilities. i'm going to leave it at that. we want to be able to engage in additional operations that we think will further disrupt and integrate their chemical weapons capabilities. >> let me ask you this. it's the pentagon that is publicly saying "disrupt and degrade." can you say how much? since it is well understood that isis makes mustard agent itself, they know how to make it, it's not like they go and buy it anywhere. simply to stop them from

making more of it? >> barbara, we feel confident that we have disrupted and degraded. i want to put a metric on it, a measurement. but based on the information we have received, we are confident we have done damage to their chemical weapons capabilities. point we believe this have been able to curtail it entirely. that would be difficult given the limited ability to obtain these materials. but we feel good about what has been accomplished here. we also want to make the point that we are not done. we have additional operations that we believe will further disrupt and degrade their chemical weapons capabilities in addition to other aspect of our campaign against isil. this is just another component. >> you are saying that the u.s.

military coalition at this point could not illuminate isis -- eli chemicalis' weapons capability. >> we will do whatever we can do prevent isil from carrying out attacks, whether it is with chemical agents or otherwise. we feel competent that these actions -- confident that these actions have played a role in degrading and disrupting their capabilities up to this point. those operations will continue in that same vein. again barbara, we are not going to get into metrics here. we are doing everything we can to eliminate isil. if we are successful in that, we will certainly address this particular area of concern. file that theen germans have in their possession that supposedly has 22,004 numbers of the islamic state. has the u.s. seen these files?

is germany sharing those? has the u.s. been able to verify those are authentic? i from this podium here, can't get into confirming whether or not these files contain information that is authentic. i will refer you to the intelligence community in particular to see if they have more something more to say. but we are certainly more aware of those reports. any information that gave us better insight into members of isil is certainly helpful to our coalition efforts. >> a follow-up on the rate in a somalia. can you confirm that u.s. forces were involved in that raid? we are hearing different reports -- 12 militants killed we've heard 15. do you have an update on that? >> this question came up yesterday.

we will restate what we said previously, there were u.s. forces that were entrained -- were in train, advise, and accompany mode, as they have been in smalley of. i want to get into the final assessment of that action. this is carried out in conjunction with the government. >> how many al-shabaab militants were killed? >> i will refer you to the government of somalia? >> the chemical weapons issue in north korea. the size and scope of isil's chemical weapons program, doesn't pose a threat -- does it pose a threat to iraqi troops and u.s. advisors? >> we have seen them demonstrate a willingness to use these agents previously in syria and iraq. it is an obvious concern both to the civilian population in those places and to our forces. one reason why we have conducted fore strikes, in particular

this individual, we have concerns about that program. we want to do everything we can to reduce those capabilities. again, they have demonstrated a willingness to use it. not alone is a reason for us to do everything we can to reduce their ability to use these weapons. -- that alone is a reason for us to do everything we can to reduce their ability to use these weapons. >> the bush administration made a lot of claims that turned out not to be true. i am sure you are naturally skeptical. what is the scope in terms of their inventory? mustard gas, or what? >> i will not get into intelligence assessments. they have demonstrating a willingness to use it. that alone is a cause for concern, and should be for everyone. these are violations of international law. isil has not shown a great

willingness to abide by international law. these are agents that obviously caused tremendous suffering for people. we have seen their use demonstrated in syria and iraq. we will do everything we can with our coalition partners to force and address the risk of these agents used in any form or fashion, whether it be against u.s. forces, coalition forces, or civilians on the ground. >> c-span's washington journal, live every day with news and policy issues that impact you. on friday's program, the executive director of the foundation for defense of democracy will join us. talking about the impact of iran's ballistic missiles. and marcus stanley, policy director at americans for financial reform, on a wall street form is being discussed by financial candidate. the contribute editor at national journal who covered the reagan administration shares his thoughts about nancy reagan's legacy.

washington journal, live at 7:00 a.m. eastern. join the discussion. ministeran prime justin trudeau is making an official visit to washington dc this week, joined by his wife sophie. the couple heads to the white house for an official dinner with president obama and first lady michelle obama. this is the prime minister's first of his visit to the u.s. since he took office last fall, and the first official visit by a canadian prime minister in nearly 20 years. you can watch the guest arrivals and toast at 6:15 eastern on c-span. canada's first couple arrived at the white house earlier today for a ceremony kicking off the official visit. here is that event. band playing]

♪

>> present arms!

>> ladies and gentlemen, the

president of the united states and mrs. michelle obama. [applause] ♪

♪ums]

>> ladies and gentlemen, the national anthem of canada followed by the national anthem of the united states.

♪nadian national theme] [fireworks]

[u.s. national anthem] ♪

[applause]

♪

♪

>> ceremonial-- at peace. pres. obama: good morning everybody. bonjour. on behalf of the american people, on behalf of michelle and myself, it is my honor to welcome to the united states prime minister justin trudeau. [applause] mrs. trudeau. and theautiful children quite good-looking canadian delegation. [applause] said that youen

can choose your friends, but you cannot choose your neighbors. [laughter] well, by virtue of geography, the u.s. and canada are blessed to be neighbors. and by choice, we are steadfast allies and the closest of friends. [applause] the truth is, we don't express this enough, in part because of our national characters. our canadian friends can be more reserved, more easy-going. we americans can be a little louder, more boisterous. and as a result, we have not always conveyed how much we treasure our alliance and ties with our canadian friends. that is why today we are very proud to welcome the first

official visit by a canadian prime minister in nearly 20 years. [applause] it's about time, eh? [laughter] it is.t a beautiful day .hich is a little unfair as president, my very first foreign trip was to canada -- to ottawa in february. [laughter] in the snow. still, our friends from the great white north gave me a very warm welcome. mr. prime minister, we hope to reciprocate some of that warmth today with your first official visit south of the border. we are joined today by proud canadian americans. [applause] and this is also a special day for the many

canadians who live and work here in america, and who enrich our lives every day. [applause] we don't always realize it, but so often that neighbor, that coworker, that number of the white house staff, one of our favorite artists or performers -- they are canadian. they sneak up on you. [laughter] even as we remember what makes us unique, americans and canadians -- we see ourselves in each other. we are guided by the same values, including our conviction to the blessings we cherish as free people. they are not gifts to be taken for granted, but her precious freedoms that have to be defended a new by every generation. our brave men and women in uniform have paid the price together across a century of sacrifice.

as nato allies, we stand united against terrorism. and for the rights of nations like ukraine to determine their own destiny. as leaders at the united nations, we stand up for peace and security and the human rights of all. our shared values also guide us at home. i am proud to be the first american president to stand with a canadian prime minister and be able to say that in both our nations, health care is not a privilege for a few, but is now a right for all. [applause] and as two vast and vibrant societies, we reaffirm that our diversity is our strength. whether your family was among the first native peoples to live among these lands, or refugees, we welcome it just yesterday. -- or refugees we welcomed just

yesterday. whether you pray in a church or a synagogue or a temple or a mosque. no matter what province or state you live in, you have the freedom to marry the person that you love. [applause] now, i don't want to gloss over the very real differences between americans and canadians. there are some things we will probably never agree on. whose beer is better-- [laughter] who is better at hockey? [chatter] [laughter] p.m. trudeau: don't get me started. pres. obama: where is the stanley cup right now? [groans] pres. obama: i'm sorry, is it in my hometown with the chicago blackhawks? [applause]

in case you were wondering. in case you canadians were wondering, where is it? [laughter] special forit is another reason. nearly 40 years ago, on another march morning, another american president welcomed another canadian prime minister here to the white house. that day, for minister peer trudeau -- prime minister pierre trudeau said america was canada's best friend and ally. he said that was because we have a common outlook on the world. today, prime minister justin trudeau carries on his work. as prime minister, your election in the first few months in office have brought a new energy and dynamism metal into canada, but to the relationship between our nations. we have a common outlook on the world. i have to say i have never seen so many americans so excited about the visit of a canadian prime minister. [cheers]

visit, i believe that the u.s. and canada can do even more together, even more to promote the trade and economic partnerships that provide good jobs and opportunities for our people. even more to ensure the security that so many americans and canadians count on, so that they can live in safety and freedom. even more to protect our countries and our communities, especially in the arctic from climate change. just as we acted together at paris to reach the most ambitious agreement in history to fight climate change. [applause] and guided by our values, we can do even more together to advance human development around the world. from saving a child from preventable disease, to giving the student in africa electricity to study by. because as americans and

canadians, we believe in the inherent dignity of every human being. [applause] as always, our work is nations remains rooted in the friendship between our peoples. and we see that everyday in communities along our shared border. in hyder, alaska, people had across the border to celebrate canada day. people from stuart, british columbia come to celebrate the fourth of july. in alberta, if you hit a home run, there is a good chance the ball will land in sweet grass, montana. in derby line, vermont, where it needs quebec, americans and canadians come together at the local library where the borderline literally runs right across the floor. a resident of one of these border towns once said "we are two different countries but like one big town. people are always there for you." prime minister trudeau, justin, sophie, to all of our canadian

friends -- we are two different countries, but days like this remind us that we are one big town. we reaffirm that americans, as canadians, will always be there for each other. welcome to the united states. [applause] p.m. trudeau: mr. president, first lady, distinguished guests, friends, ladies and gentlemen -- thank you for this extraordinary welcome. thank you so much for inviting sophie in the end through us, all of canada to join you in this spectacular morning. thank you very much. sophie and i, along with our entire delegation are honored and touched by your magnificent hospitality. and by the reinforcement of how powerful you are mr. president,

to organize such a perfect day for us. [laughter] french]g you may recall that our government was elected on a plane to strengthen the middle class. we have an ambitious innovation agenda, as we realize that revitalizing our economy will require investing in a new ideas and new technologies. a plan will foster emerging industries, create good jobs, an increase our global competitiveness. plant, ande canadian

a very much resembles the challenges and solutions that you have been putting forward south of the border. a plan to invest in our country and invest in our people. it's wonderful to see that our american friends and partners share and are working on the exact same objectives. see, as are leading trading partner and closest ally, the relationship between our two countries has always been vital. canadaxporting nation, is always eager to work closely to reduce trade barriers between our countries. speaking of exports, we know with certainty there is a high demand for canadian goods down here. the few that come to mind that present obama -- that president obama just rightly recognized as extraordinary contributors are patrick sharp of the chicago

blackhawks. [laughter] [applause] challenges over the course of our shared history. while we have agreed on many things and disagreed on a few other,s we remain united in a common purpose. ends,s, partners, and fri as we tackle the world's great challenges. whether we are charting a course for environmental protection, making key investment to grow our middle class, or defending the rights of oppressed peoples abroad, canada and the united states will always collaborate in partnership and good faith. the history may be complex, but the bottom line is clear. there is no relationship in the entire world like the canada-u.s. relationship. [cheers] [applause]

our great countries have been friends a long time. we grew up together. and like all great enduring friendships, at our best, we bring out the best in one another. and through it all, our enormous shared accomplishments before themselves. --compliments speak for themselves. free, prosperous societies that have shaped history together. we could not be prouder of that past. on behalf of 36 million canadians, i thank you all for your warm welcome. now let's get to work on shaping our shared future. merci beaucoup. [applause]

>> order! right shoulder, halt! >> mr. president, this concludes the ceremony.

[applause] >> the canadian prime minister

also met with lawmakers from the senate. here is a photo tweeted from our c-span capitol hill producer. in about one hour, the prime minister of canada and his wife visiting the white house for an official dinner with president obama and the first lady. it's the prime minister's the first official visit to the west since he took office last fall and the first visit from opinion prime minister in the last 20 years. you can watch and dinner interest at 6:15 p.m. eastern. we have that here on c-span. a look at the joint news conference with the president and prime minister in the white house rose garden. it is about 50 minutes. >> ladies and gentlemen, the president of the united states, and the prime minister of canada.

pres. obama: thank you everybody, please have a seat. welcomein, i want to prime minister trudeau to the white house. we just completed the very productive meeting. although i regret to inform you that we still have not reached an agreement on hockey. [laughter] but it is not interfering with the rest of our bilateral relationship. as i said earlier, this visit reflects something we americans don't always say enough, which is how much we value our great alliance in partnership with our friends up north. we are woven together so deeply, as societies, as economies, that it sometimes it is easy to forget how truly remarkable our relationship is. a shared border more than 5000 miles, the longest between any two nations in the world. every day we do some $2 billion in trade and investment. that is the largest bilateral economic relationship in the world. every day, more than 400,000

americans and canadians crossed the border. workers, business people, students, tourists, neighbors, and of course every time we have a presidential election, our braceds up north have to for an exodus of americans that's where they will move to canada if the guy from the other party wins. but typically it turns out fine. [laughter] this is now my second meeting with justin. i am grateful to have him as a partner. we have a common outlook on whatever agents can achieve together. he campaigned on a message of hope and of change. as positive and optimistic vision is inspiring on people at home. he is governing with a commitment with inclusivity and equality on the world stage.

the country's leading on climate change and cares deeply about the relevant. from my perspective, what is not to like? of course, no two nations agree on everything. our countries are no different. but in terms of her interests, our values, how we approach the world, few countries matchup in the way the u.s. and canada do. and given our work together today, i can say, and i believe the prime minister would agree, that when it comes to our central challenges,our two nations are more closely aligned than ever. we want to make it easier to trade and invest with one another. america is only the top this donation for canadian exports, and the u.s. is the top destination for canadian exports. when so many of our products, like autos, are built on both sides of the border in integrated supply chain, this coproduction makes us more competitive in the global economy as a whole. we want to keep it that way.

we've instructed our teams to stay focused on making it even easier for goods and people to move back and forth across the borders, including reducing bottlenecks and streamlining regulations. we discussed how to move forward with the transpacific partnership. today, we also reaffirm our determination to move ahead with an agreement to preclear travelers through immigration and customs, making it easier for canadians and americans to travel into business together. as nato allies, we are united against the threat of terrorism. canada is an extraordinary valued member of the global coalition fighting isil. tripling its personnel to help train and advise forces in iraq, stepping up its intelligence efforts in the region, and providing critical humanitarian support. we are working closely together to prevent the flow of foreign fighters. today we agreed to share more information, including with respect to our no-fly lists and full implantation of the entry

access system. even as we uphold the privacy and civil liberties of our respected. -- our respected citizens. in syria, the cessation of hostilities had led to a drop in violence in the civil war. the u.s. and canada continued to be leaders in getting military and eigh -- getting humanitarian aid to syrians in need. our two countries continue to welcome refugees from that conflict. justin and the canadian people for their leadership on this front. i am pleased to say the u.s. and canada are fully united in combating climate change. as the first u.s. president to visit the arctic, i saw how both our nations are threatened by rising seas, melting permafrost, disappearing glaciers, and sea ice. so we are focusing on making sure that the paris agreement is fully implemented.

we are looking to double our investments in clean energy research and develop and. we are announcing new steps. canada is joining us in our aggressive goal to bring down method emissions -- down methane sectors in both of our countries, and together, we will move swiftly to establish standards to meet that goal. we will also work together to phase down hfc's and to limit carbon emissions from international aviation. we are announcing a new climate and science partnership to protect the arctic and its people, and later this year, i will welcome our partners, including canada, to our white house science ministerial on the arctic to deepen our cooperation in this region. we are also grateful for canada's partnership as we renew

america's leadership across the hemisphere. mr. prime minister, i want to thank you for canada's continuing support of our new chapter of engagement with the cuban people, which i will continue with my upcoming visit to cuba next week. we will work to help colombia achieve peace and remove the deadly legacy of land mines there, and our scientists and public health officials will work with partners across the hemisphere to prevent the spread of the zika virus and work together actively for diagnostic and vaccines that can make a real difference. finally, our shared values, our commitment to human development and dignity of all people continue to guide our work as global partners. through the global health security agenda, we are stepping up our efforts to prevent outbreaks of diseases from becoming epidemics. we are urgently working to help ethiopia deal with the worst drought in half a century. today, our spouses, michelle and sophie, are reaffirming our commitment to the health and education of young women and girls around the world, and canada will be joining our power

africa initiative to bring electricity, including renewable energy, to homes and businesses across the continent to help the people out of poverty. those are our values at work. again, justin, i want to thank you for your partnership. i think we have laid the foundation for greater cooperation for our countries for years to come, and i'd like to think it is only the beginning. i look forward to welcoming you back for the nuclear security summit in a few weeks. i am pleased we were able to announce the next north american leaders summit in canada this summer. the prime minister has invited me to address the canadian parliament, and that is a great honor. i look forward to the opportunity to speak directly to the canadian people about the extraordinary future we can build together. prime minister trudeau? prime minister trudeau: thank you, mr. president. good morning, everyone. it's an honor to be here. as i have reflected on the storied relationship between our two great countries, i

constantly return to president kennedy's wise words in our friendship, that what unites us is far greater than what divides us. and as president obama mentioned earlier, if geography made us neighbors, then shared values made us kindreds spirits, and it is our choices, individually and collectively, that make us friends. that friendship, matched by much hard work, has allowed us to do great things throughout our history, from the beaches of normandy, to the free trade agreement, and now today, on climate change. the president and i share a common goal. we want a clean growth economy that continues to provide good jobs and great opportunities for all of our citizens. i am confident that by working together, we will get there, sooner than we think. let's take the paris agreement, for example.

that agreement is both a symbolic declaration of global cooperation on climate change, as well as a practical guide for growing our economies a responsible and sustainable way. canada and the u.s. have committed to signing the agreement as soon as possible. we know that our international partners expect and, indeed, need leadership from us on this issue. the president and i have announced today that we will take ambitious action to reduce methane emissions nearly by half from the oil and gas sector, reduce use and emissions of hydrofluorocarbons, and align greenhouse gas initiative standards for heavy-duty vehicles amongst other plans, to fight climate change. [speaking in french]

translator: new standards based on scientific data. from fishing in the high seas of the arctic, as well as set new standards to ensure maritime transport with less emissions. the partnership will also promote sustainable development in the region in addition to putting the bar higher in terms of preserving the biodiversity in the arctic. we have also decided to make our borders both more open and more safe by agreeing, pre-clearing at airports in toronto and in quebec, as well as the railroad stations in montreal and vancouver. moreover, we are creating a u.s.-canada working group in the next 60 days on the recourses to access how we will resolve

errors of identity on the no-fly list. prime minister trudeau: finally, the president and i acknowledge the unique relationship between canada and the united states. we have historically been each other's largest trading partners. each and every day, over $2.4 billion worth of goods and services cross the border. today, we reaffirmed our commitment to streamlining trade between our countries. overall, the president and i agree on many things, including, of paramount importance, the direction we want to take our countries to ensure a clean and prosperous future. we have made tremendous progress on many issues. unfortunately, i will leave town with my beloved expos still here in washington.

you cannot have everything. i would like to conclude by extending my deepest thanks to barack for his leadership on the climate change file to date. i want to assure the american people that they have a real partner in canada. canada and the u.s. will stand side by side to confront the pressing needs that face not only our two countries, but the entire planet. i am very much looking forward to the remainder of my time here in washington, so thank you again for your leadership and your friendship. i know that our two countries can achieve great things by working together as allies and as friends, as we have done so many times before. merci beaucoup. president obama: all right, a few questions. julie davis. >> thank you, mr. president. i want to ask about the supreme court. you have already said you're looking for a highly qualified nominee with impeccable credentials.

can you give us a sense of what other factors you are considering? so much of it comes down to a gut feeling for you. does it affect you to know that your nominee will hang out in the public eye without hearing a vote for a long time and maybe ever, and shouldn't that be driving your decision, if you are asking someone to put themselves forward for this position at this point? for prime mr. trudeau, i know you have been following our presidential campaign. you even made a joke about welcoming americans who might be frightened of a donald trump presidency to your country. what do you think the stakes are for you and for the relationship between canada and the u.s., if donald trump or ted cruz were to win the presidency and to succeed president obama? you see eye to eye on a lot of issues with him. how would that affect the

relationship if one of them are to succeed president obama? president obama: even though it was not directed at me -- [laughter] president obama: i want to point out, i'm absolutely certain, in 2012, when there was the possibility that i might be reelected, there were folks who were threatening to go to canada as well. one of the great things about a relationship like canada's and the united states' is it transcends party. it is bipartisan, in terms of the interest we share. with respect to the supreme court, i have told you what i'm looking for. i want somebody who is an outstanding jurist, who has impeccable legal credentials, who, by historical standards, would not even be questioned as qualified for the court. obviously, it is somebody who i

want to make sure follows the constitution, cares about things like stare decisis and precedent, understand the necessary humility of a judge at any level in looking at the statute, with the elected branches are doing, is not viewing themselves as making law, or, in some ways, standing above elected representatives, but also recognizes the critical role that that branch plays in protecting minorities, ensuring that the political system does not skew in ways that systematically leaves people out, that are mindful of the traditions that are embedded in our cherished documents, like the bill of rights.

so in terms of who i select, i am going to do my job, and then my expectation will be, will the senate do its job, as outlined in the constitution? i have said this before. i find it ironic that people who are constantly citing the constitution would suddenly read into the constitution requirements, norms, procedures, that are nowhere to be found there. that is precisely the kind of interpretive approach that they have vehemently rejected and have accused liberals of all the time. well, you cannot abandon your principles, if, in fact, these are your principles, simply

for the sake of political expediency. we will see how they operate once a nomination has been made. i am confident that whoever i select, among fair-minded people, will be viewed as an eminently-qualified person. and then it will be up to senate republicans to decide whether they want to follow the constitution and abide by the rules of fair play that ultimately undergird our democracy and that ensure the supreme court does not just become one more extension of our polarized politics. if and when that happens, our system is not going to work. it is not that the supreme court or any of the courts can be hermetically sealed from the rest of our society. these are human beings, they read the newspapers, they have opinions, values.

but our goal is to have them be objective and be able to execute their duties in a way that gives everybody, both the winning party and losing party in any given case, a sense that they are treated fairly. that depends on a process of selecting and confirming judges that is perceived as fair. and my hope is that cooler heads will prevail and people will reflect on what is at stake here once a nomination is made. prime minister trudeau: one of the things that is abundantly clear whenever a president and prime minister sit down to engage on important issues of relevance to our peoples is that the relationship, the friendship between our two countries goes far beyond any two individuals

or any ideologies. i have tremendous confidence in the american people and look forward to working with whomever they choose to send to this white house later this year. alex? reporter: good morning. this meeting is happening at a unique point in the canada-u.s. relationship. president obama, you have very little time left here. prime minister trudeau, you have several years left to think about canada's most important relationship. so i would like to ask you a longer-term question about laying down some markers for big ideas that you think the two countries could achieve, and whether those could include a common market that would allow goods and services and workers to flow more freely across our border. and on a more personal note, you have had a chance to observe

each other's election campaigns. i would like to ask your impression about president obama and his potential legacy, and about prime minister trudeau's potential. if you could answer in french, bonus points to either of you, but we are especially keen to hear prime minister trudeau do so. thank you. prime minister trudeau: thank you. we did engage in big conversations this morning and over the months leading up to this meeting today. issues that are important not just to all of our citizens, but to the entire world, whether it is how we ensure that there is no contradiction between a strong economy and a protected environment, understand how we need to work together as individual countries and indeed as a planet to

address the concerns of climate change, how we continue to seek to ensure security for citizens at home, but also create stability and opportunity and health security for people around the world facing pandemics, violence, and issues. these are big issues that canada and the u.s. have always been engaged on in various ways over the past decades and century, and we will continue to. one of the things we highlight is the fact that we have different scales, different perspectives on similar issues and on shared values is actually a benefit in that we can complement each other in our engagement with the world and

and our approach to different issues. i look forward to many years of friendship and collaboration between our two countries. [speaking in french] translatore: climate change, security in the world, our commitment to the most vulnerable populations. canada and the united states are lucky countries in many ways. we will always have a lot to do in order to be together in the world. this is what we are going to keep on doing in the years and decades to come, and we hope in the centuries to come. president obama, i have learned a lot from him.

he is somebody who is a deep thinker with a big heart and a big brain. for me to be able to count on a friend who has lived through many of the things i am about to encounter on the political stage and the international stage is a good comfort to me. it is a ways great to have people that you can trust, people you can count on personally, especially when you are facing very big challenges, such as we are now in the united states and canada. prime minister trudeau: i am always pleased to hear from president obama how he has engaged in difficult issues in the past because he is a man of tremendous heart and tremendous intellect. and being able to draw on his experience and wisdom as i face the very real challenges that our countries and our world will be facing in the coming years is something i appreciate deeply about my friend barack.

president obama: alex, let me just note first of all that the tenor of your question seems to imply that i am old and creaky. prime minister trudeau: not the tenor of my answer, i hope. obama: you have managed it well, but don't think i didn't catch that. i indicated that if in fact you plan to keep your dark hair, you have to start dyeing it early. you hit a certain point and it's too late. you will be caught. but look, i think justin and his delegation -- because one of the things we learn very rapidly in these jobs is that this is a team effort, not a solo act -- they are bringing the right

values, enormous energy, enormous passion and commitment to their work, and perhaps most importantly, it is clear they are keenly interested in engaging canadian citizens in the process of solving problems. and i think that is how the democracies are supposed to work, and their instincts are sound. that is reflected to the positive response in the work that they have done so far, and i think that will carry them very far, as justin's talent, his concern for the canadian people and his appreciation of the vital role that canada can play in the larger world is self-apparent. i think he is going to do a great job. we are looking forward to partnering with him and we are glad to have him and his team as

a partner. with respect to big ideas, to some degree, you don't fix what is not broken. and the relationship is extraordinary and doesn't, i don't think, need some set of revolutionary concepts. what it does require is not taking the relationship for granted. it does require steady effort, and perhaps most importantly, it requires, because we have so much in common, that we recognize on the big, looming issues on the horizon, it is vital for us to work together because the more aligned we are, the more we can shape the international agenda to meet

these challenges. climate change is such an example. this is going to be a big problem for everybody. there are countries that will be hit worse by it. in some ways, canada and the united states, as wealthier countries, can probably adapt and manage better. on the other hand, we are also those responsible for a lot of the carbon pollution that is causing climate change. if we don't agree, if we are not aggressive, if we are not farsighted, if we don't pool our resources around the research and development energy agenda that is required to solve this problem, then other countries won't step up and it won't get solved. that's a big idea. that's a really important effort. with respect to the economy, one of the things that canada and the united states share is a

commitment to a free market. i believe, and i know justin does as well, that a market- based economy not only has proven to be the greatest engine for prosperity the world has ever known, but also underwrites our individual freedoms in many ways, and we value our business sector and we value entrepreneurship. but what we are across the developed world -- and this will have manifestations in the developing world -- is the need for more inclusion in growth, making sure it is broad-based, making sure people are not left behind in a globalized economy, and that is an area -- that is a big idea for the united states and canada to work together on, along with our other partners.

if we don't get this right, if we do not make sure that the average canadian or average american has confidence that the fruits of their labor -- the opportunities for their children are going to continue to expand over time, if they see societies in which a very few are doing better and better and the middle class and working people are farthing further and further behind, that destabilizes the economy, it makes it less efficient, it makes it less rapid in its growth, but it also starts destabilizing our politics and our democracies. and so, working together to find effective ways -- not to close off borders, not to pretend that

somehow we can shut off trade, not to forget that we are ourselves nations of immigrants and that diversity is our strength -- but rather to say yes, the world is big, and we are going to help shape it, and we are going to value our openness and our diversity and the fact that we are leaders in a global supply chain, but we're going to do so in ways that make sure everybody benefits. that is important work we have to do together, and i know justin shares that commitment just as i do. margaret brennan. reporter: some of your critics have pointed to the incredibly polarized political climate

under your administration as contributing to the rise of someone as provocative as donald trump. do you feel responsibility for that or some of the protectionist rhetoric from some democratic candidates? do you have a timeline for when you might make a presidential endorsement? do you feel political heat is constraining your pool of viable supreme court nominees? thank you. president obama: i think it's important for me to nominate a supreme court nominee quickly because i think it is important for the supreme court to have its full complement of justices. i don't feel constrained in terms of the pool to draw from or that i am having to take shortcuts in terms of the selection and vetting process. with respect to your first question, i have actually heard this argument a number of times.

i have been blamed by republicans for a lot of things, but being blamed for their primaries and who they are selecting for their party is novel. [laughter] obama: look, i have said and i said at the state of the union that one of my regrets is the degree to which polarization and the nasty tone of our politics has accelerated rather than waned over the course of the last 7 1/2 years. and i could do all kinds of soul-searching in terms of things i could do better to make sure we are unifying the country, but i also have to say, margaret, that objectively, it

is fair to say that the republican political elites and many of the information outlets, social media, news outlets, talk radio, television stations have been feeding the republican base for the last seven years a notion that everything i do is to be opposed, that cooperation or compromise somehow is a bit betrayal, that maximalist, absolutist positions

on issues are politically advantageous, that there is a them out there and an us, and them are the folks who are causing whatever problems you are experiencing. and the tone of that politics, which i certainly have not contributed to -- i don't think i was the one to prompt questions about my birth certificate, for example. i don't remember saying, hey, why don't you ask me about that? why don't you question whether i am american, whether i am loyal, whether i have america's best interests at heart? those are not things that were prompted by any actions of mine. and so what you are seeing within the republican party is,

to some degree, all those efforts over a course of time, creating an environment where somebody like a donald trump can thrive. he is just doing more of what has been done for the last 7 1/2 years, and in fact, in terms of his position on a range of issues, they are not a whole lot different between any of the other candidates. it is not as if there is a massive difference between mr. trump's position on immigration and mr. cruz's position on immigration. mr. trump is just different in the way he says it. there's not a big difference between mr. trump's position and mr. rubio's position on immigration, despite the fact that mr. cruz and mr. rubio are both products of immigration and the openness of our society.