you have to understand when you let the genie out of the bottle, what you have done is made cyber offare and acceptable form dealing with your adversaries. it is not going to be very impressive for the u.s. government to take that position that you can't do it to us. we did it to someone else first. delayingfective and the iranian nuclear program, but -- pandora's box. cyberattacks, nation unprepared. out," k, "lights

the author, ted koppel. the sunday night on q&a, he talks about the musical chemical and the consulting work he did on the musical. it, i said reading really? hamilton's life is a classic hip-hop narrative. i was thinking what on earth is this guy talking about? he said to me on the spot is my first question was 10 hip-hop be the vehicle for telling this kind of very large and complex story. i'm going to educate you

and he did. you can pack more information into lyrics than in the other. it is very dense. hip-hop natalie has rhyme innings, it has worked play, internal rhymes. he started educating me. 8:00 easternht at and pacific on q&a. president obama is currently overseas on a multi-day trip. one of his tops was in london where youth town hall. and included members of the u.s. members young people initiative. pres. obama: hello, everybody. thank you so much. hello, london.

it is good to be back in the u.k. thank you for the wonderful introduction. was saying backstage i would vote for her for something. [applause] [laughter] thank matt for all the work he has done. [applause] and it is wonderful to see all of you. i guess you all know why i came this week. to stop me going from wishing happy birthday to her magis. -- majesty. [laughter] and meeting george, who was adorable. [laughter] michelle and i had the privilege of meeting her majesty. i cannot say what we talked

about. am -- ill you that i hope i am engaging fun partner when i am 90. and i like to thank her for letting us use one of these halls or this town hall. i also came from touring shakespeare's globe. today is the 400 anniversary of shakespeare's death and as he once wrote, "remedy -- brevity ." the soul of wit having a chance to meet with him people is one of my favorite things to do in here from them reckless. it is hiring to me. it gives me new ideas and i think underscores the degree to which young people are rising up in every continent to seize the possibilities of tomorrow.

now, whenever i get together with leaders of the united states, with the u.k., you hear a lot about the special relationship and shared values that bind us together that make the world safer and more secure. all of that is true. we go back a pretty long they -- way. we've had our quarrels. there was that whole tea incident. [laughter] the british burned my house down. [laughter] but, we made up. up and endede made up spilling blood on the battlefield together side-by-side against fascism. , for freedom and

democracy. and from the ashes before, we lead the charge to create the totitutions and initiatives sustain peace. plan, the eu.hall the joint efforts and sacrifices of previous americans and brits are part of why we have known decades of relative peace and prosperity and that in turn has helped it spread around the world. think about how extraordinary that is. more than 1000 years, this continent was darkened by war and violence. assumed that that was the fate of man. that's not to say that your generation has had it easy. here and in the united states, you have come of

age through 9/11 and seven/seven. in have families off to work it sounds as of our time, equality, migration, terrorism. all of these things are real. in an age of agent -- instant information with tv and twitter and a steady stream of bad news, i know it can sometimes seem that the world we have created is fragile. maybe even humbling. for the new calls isolationism and xenophobia. see those call for rolling bk the rights of evil. people hunkering down in their unwillingof views and

to engage in a democratic debate. i think we can understand they are reaction us -- reacting to changing times and uncertain. when it's the two young people, i am for them to reject those calls to pull back. i'm here to ask you to reject the notion that we are gripped by forces we can't control. i want you to take a longer and more optimistic view. i ask you to embrace the view of one of my predecessors who once man-made,roblems are therefore they can be solved by man and man can be as big as he wants. the 1950's, the global life expectancy has gone by 25 years since i 90 we have cut extreme

poverty in the world by half. over the past 100 years we have come from a world in which small fraction of women could vote to where almost every woman can. since year 2000, we have come from a world without marriage quality to one where it is a reality in nearly two dozen country -- countries. with aew months, i speak group of white house interns. they are roughly your age. they come in or that month. they are assigned to various ipects of the white house often talk to them about the fact that if you choose one moment in history and you did not know what you're going to be, whether you were a man or woman, what nationality, .eligion, we are parents were

if you could choose one time in history where the chances that you lead a fulfilling life were most promising, you would choose right now. this moment. the world, for all its travails and challenges, has never been healthier, better educated, wealthier, more tolerant, less violent, more attentive to the rights of all people. then it is today. that is not a cause for complacency or that we do not have troubled, but it is a cause for optimism. are standing in a moment where your capacity to shape the

world is unmatched. what an incredible privilege that is. that aree never had tools to make a difference. forge a better u.k., a better europe, and a better world. so, my primary message they is going to be to reject pessimism him --ate -- cynic is ism.c schi -- andress is not inevitable it requires struggle and disciplinary, and discipline and fate. but that is the story of how we won voting rights, women's rights, voting rights, civil gay-rights because

of those who came before us lives risked their to give us the chance of things better. that is what gives me hope about your generation. you are a generation that has bothers aration threat but as opportunity. your generation who sees differences of pluralism and diversity not as a curse, but as a great gift. thatis one of the reasons the united states has invested in the young leaders initiative around the world. last summer we launched and it has grown from four students here in the u.k. to over 1000.

know -- and than 100 high schools he has worked to create more we wanthange programs you to have the tools, connections, and resources that yourself change agents. where's michael? mic. he is rock thespired by the vote initiative and he spent greensboro, north china

where he learned about our civil rights movement. he said i have a new understanding about the meaning of delayed gratification, perseverance, fighting for change you may not live to see some of that your children will live to see. fighting for change you may not live to see, but your children will look to see. that is what this is all about. that's is what we are all about our best impulses have always been to leave a better world for connection region. you?am, where .here she is a top that impulse that compels a young leader like marion that grew up as one of a in a small house month but i will use my education that i got at oxford

to help any child have the same opportunity that i have. and ali is here. the same impulse that led him to syria as aave fled child, but now i'm in office, i'm going to use my power to help other refugees like me. where's becca? it's that impulse that compels a young leader like i could to say that as a woman with a disability, i may have fallen down some of people who believe in me pick me up. and i'm going to pay for it by fighting forward for people with disabilities and violence against women. you can't help but be inspired by the stories of young people like these, both in the united states and united kingdom. think of all the good we can do together. think of all the good that we

have yet to college. there's not a challenge on this when it that our two countries don't take on together and as long as your generation nurtures that special relationship and learns from one another and then together, i'm confident that the teacher is brighter than the past and that our best days are still have us. so, with that, let's have a competition to -- a conversation. .ere's what were going to do i'm going to go boy, girl, boy, girl to make sure it is fair. introduce yourself. micsve mike right there -- right there. try to keep your question briefs so i can get as many as possible. start with right here.

president, i'm from northern island. played in of what role in our peace process. how will those who come after you foster that? pres. obama: northern ireland a story of perseverance in the fact that your generation -- how will you now? 21.. obama: pres. obama: your story is different than your parents. irelandolks come from , your firstck's day by minister and deputy prime minister. folks are working these issues through.

degreeinteresting is the to which peacemaking in northern island is now inspiring others. so, in columbia in latin america, they are trying to undergo a peace process and it actually brought people from northern island to describe how hatredovercome years of and try to shape a country that is not unified? you know this better than i do. one of the things you see in northern island that is most important is the very simple act of recognizing the humanity of those on the other side of the argument. sense ofpathy and a connection to people who are not like you.

that has taken time, but your announcing that. whoink among young people are interacting more, you are seeing that. also forging a new identity that is about being from northern island, as opposed -- eing a just deciding the country as a whole is more important than any particular fashion -- faction. this is a challenging time to do that. muchse there is so uncertainty in the world. because rings are changing so fast, there's a temptation to forge identities, tribal identity, they give you a and of certainty.

a buffer against change. our youngmething that people, we have to fight against. whether you're talking about africa or the middle east, , theern ireland, irma forces that lead to the most violence and injustice typically spring out of people saying i byt to feel important dividing the world into us and them. and "them" threatens me have to out sure my tribe strikes first in fighting that mentality requires us to begin very young

with our kids. one of the most encouraging things i've seen in northern ireland's children going to school together and having a sense that we are all in this together as opposed to its us against them. but, it is going to take some time. it will depend on leaders like you to make it happen. no pressure, you're going to be fine. you're going to do it. all right, good question. veteran roman right there. gentleman right there. hi, peter from london. if your successor comes to you and she says --

[laughter] [applause] it could be bernie. we got a limited budget. what is your priority and what would you like to see as your property? -- priority? pres. obama: for the next president? >> and yourself as well. ies. obama: one of the things have learned as president as i do not always have the luxury just choosing one or two things. it turns out how well we do in the united and how well the globe does depends on a lot of things. my first priority is to keep the american people safe just like i'm sure prime minister cameron

would say keeping the u.k. safe. security is always going to be at the top of the list. andthreats from isil transnational terrorism are absolutely critical to address, but how we address them is important. recognizing that security is not just a matter of security or military actions, but is a matter of the stooges we send opportunities we present to people. that is going to be important for the next president of united and any global leader to recognize. all -- awe of men and

women in uniform who served our country and make its ordinary sex prices. we do them a disservice if we burden of the entire keeping the world safe is just placed on those in uniform. iranlook at something like and the united states has had a withble relationship decades, they were on the path to obtain a nuclear weapon. hard diplomatic work that we did along with the u.k. and eu and members of the security council to forge an agreement where they are no longer on the weapon, we a nuclear

never engaged in a military strike to do it, but it resulted in a much safer world. the same is true when you think about development in sub-saharan africa. an organization like a boko driven. ideologically -- ave to fight against the if there are communities were children cannot read or be themselves, they are much more torible -- vulnerable fostering these ideologies. it is not an either/or question. it is important for young people who are suspicious of military

ision because, too often it used as a knee-jerk reaction as opposed to a broader set of solutions. we have to do both. in terms of the united dates right now, i would love to see a focus on early childhood education at the next step. yet have institutions .hat are fully adapted guess what? women work and support families and they need things like paid high-qualityand childcare. inknow when we invest

children between the ages of 0 outcomes ofthe them getting effective education are enormous. we have reduced crime and property if we just make that early investment. that is something some countries do better than others and we can learn from other countries along those lines. across the board and developing world, i think we have to tend to issues of inequality. places to start addressing these issues is making sure that every child is getting a decent education. a lot of our countries are not doing as well as they should of -- should be on that front. next?ght, who's

young lady right there. you. yes, you. hi emma my name is fatima -- hi, my name is fatima. -- pres. obama: for those of you , the trade aware deal being negotiated between the united states and the european union we have not gotten it done yet. featured this the united states and europe already have enormous amounts of trade. there's still barriers that exist that prevent businesses and individuals that are providing services to each other be able to do so seamlessly and

if we are able to get the deal done, it is estimated that it and create millions of jobs benefits on both sides of the atlantic. getting a treadmill is tough. each country has its own interests and factions in order to get a trade deal done. each country has to get something done. it is a time-consuming process and people right now are especially suspicious of trade deals because they feel they are seller rating some of these globalizing trends that have weakened labor unions and pedowed for jobs to be ship to low-wage countries and some of the criticisms in the past of trade deals are legitimate. sometimes they have served the

interests of large corporations and not necessarily of workers in the countries that participate in them. we organized a regional trade deal with 11 countries. part of the argument i make in the united states is that the answer to globalization and income inequality and lack of wage growth, is not to try and pull up the drawbridge and sean eldridge -- and shut off trade. to make sure that in these deals, we are inviting standards -- are embedding standards and values that help lift worker's rights and help lift environmental standards and help fight against things like human trafficking and child labor. our values should be embedded in

how countries trade with each other. for the example, vietnam was part of the transpacific partnership. we said to vietnam, if you want access to our markets, we understand you have a different political system, but if workers have no rights and there is no possibility of organizing labor, we will not let you sell a bunch of sneakers into our country. by definition, you will be undercutting the standards of living of folks in our country. for the first time, the government of vietnam as started to change his laws to recognize labor unions. suppressed -- those standards are not where they are in the u.s. or in the u.k. which gives us a lever by

to raise standards all over the world. that is less of an issue between the u.s. and europe. the main theing between the u.s. and europe is trying to break down some of the regulatory differences that make it difficult to do business back and forth. plus, making sure those light sockets are all matched up. [laughter] i mean, those light sockets are really your taking. -- are really irritating. i promised i was going to call on this gentleman. no, right here. you keep passing by this poor guy. [laughter] >> i am from london. after eight years, what would you like your legacy to be? i still have a few more months, so-- [laughter]

[applause] no-- obama: no 52 days? 8 months and not that i'm counting. [laughter] i just made that up, i actually don't know. something like that. interesting. you are're in the job, not thinking on a day-to-day business about your legacy. you are thinking about, how do i get done what i'm trying to get done right now? i don't think i will have a good sense of my legacy until 10 years from now and i can look back with some perspective, getting a sense of what worked and what didn't. there are things that i am proud of. the basic principle that in a country as wealthy as the u.s., every person should have access to high quality health care that they can afford.

[laughter] that is something that i'm proud , that i believe-- [applause] that is something that i am proud of. the world economy from a great depression, that was pretty good. [laughter] [applause] the first time i came to london was april 2009. the world economy was in a freefall. in part because of the reckless behavior of folks on wall street. but in part because of reckless behavior of a lot of financial institutions around the globe. for us to be able to mobilize the world community, to take rapid action, to stabilize the financial markets, and then in the u.s., to test wall street forms -- pass wall street reforms that make crises like that much less likely to happen again -- i am proud of that.

i think on the international stage, the work that we have done to get the possible nuclear weapons that iran was developing out of iran. and doing so without going to war is something i am proud of. there are things that people don't pay a lot of attention to know. response to the ebola weeks, for about three everybody was sure that everyone was going to die. we are all going to get ebola, we are going to die! there was a sort of hysteria about it. then everybody forgot about it. the reason everybody forgot was because we mounted what was probably the most effective, if not the most effective international public health responses in the history of the world.

and we saved hundreds of thousands of lives. know, i'll look at a scorecard at the end. [laughter] proud about the fact that -- i think that i have been true to myself during this process. sometimes i look back at what i've said when i was running for office, and what i am saying today, and they match up. certain core is a integrity to what i have been trying to do. we have had failures. we occasionally have been blocked. this goes back to one of the teams of my opening statement.

it's important for all the young people here to remember, change takes time. and oftentimes, what you start has two then be picked up by your successors, or the next generation. betweenk about the gap -- the american civil rights movement. you had a delicious in the 17 -- had abolitionists in the 7000 fighting against slavery. -- in the 1700's fighting against slavery. for 100 years, they built a movement that led to the civil the amendments to our constitution that ended slavery and fought for equal protection under the law. it then took another 100 years for those rights that have been

enshrined in the constitution to be affirmed through the civil rights act of 1964, and the voting rights act of 1965. then it has taken another 50 years to make sure that those rights are realized. they are still not fully realized. there is discrimination in aspects of american life. even with a black president. and in fact, one of the dangers has been by electing a black president, people say, there must be no problems at all. obviously you see ferguson in the criminal justice system, whichting a degree to that was always false. does that mean that all the work that was done along the way was worthless? no, of course not.

but it means that if any of you begin to work on an issue that you care deeply about, don't be disappointed if a year out, things haven't been completely solved. don't give up and then succumb to cynicism if, after five years, poverty has not been eradicated and prejudice is still out there somewhere, and we haven't resolved all of the steps we need to take to reverse climate change. it's okay. dr. king said the ark of the moral universe is long, but it bends towards justice. it doesn't then on its own, it bends because we pull it in that direction. but it requires a series of buildingns working and

what the previous one has done. as president, i think about it in those ways. i consider myself a runner. and i run my leg of the race, but i have a baton and pass it onto the next person. hopefully they are running in the right direction as opposed to the wrong direction. hopefully they don't drop the baton. then they pass it on to somebody else. that is how you have to think about change generally. alright, it is a young woman's turn. yes, right here in the red. no no, that's you, you'rea wearing red, yes. [laughter] changei am a climate campaigner. i would like to thank you for your ways to get people talking

about the value of social movements. i was wondering which campaigns have made you change your mind while you have been in office? and where you think we need more pressure from campaigns to create meaningful change? pres. obama: that's an interesting question. are you talking about climate change and particularly, or just generally on a host bucking of issues? -- on a whole spectrum of issues? it's interesting because i started as a community organizer, trying to pressure politicians into getting things done. then now i'm on the other side-- [laughter] so what's worked and what hasn't? in the united states, what has been remarkable is the rapidity with which the marriage equality the politicaled landscape and hearts and minds,

then resulted in actual changes in law. [applause] it has probably been the fastest -- in termses that of the social movement, that i have seen. on issues of lgbt rights generally, i do not have a lot of pressure. i came in working on ending don't ask don't tell, which was preventing lgbt citizens from serving in our military openly. we did that very systematically. policies in terms of those who had hiv-aids being able to them a great to our country, hospital visitation. a w hole host of things we were already doing. but on marriage equality, i was

in favor of what was called civil unions. my notion was initially that labeling those partnerships as marriage wasn't necessary as long as people were getting the same rights. and it would disentangle them from the religious connotations that marriage had in the minds of a lot of americans. i think -- iere have to confess, my children generally had an impact on the. inple that i loved, who were monogamous same-sex relationships explained to me what i should have understood earlier, which is it's not simply about legal rights, but

about a stigma. if you're calling it something different, it means that somehow it means less in the eyes of society. i believe that the manner in that will gbg community described marriage equality as not some radical thing, but actually reached out to people who said they care about family values and said, if you care about everything that families provide -- stability and thentment and partnership, this is actually a pretty conservative position to take. you should be in favor of this. i thought there was a lot of smarts in reaching out and building and framing the issue in a way that could bring in people who initially did not agree with them.

what black lives matter is doing now to bring attention to the of the criminal justice system that is often not treating people fairly based on race, or reacting to shootings of individuals by police officers. it has been effective in bringing attention to problems. one of the things i caution young people about that i don't think is effective is, once yo u've highlighted an issue and brought it to people's attention, and shine the and elected officials

are ready to sit down with you, then you can't just keep on yelling at them. and you can't refuse to meet because that might compromise the purity of your position. the value of social movements and activism is to get you at the table, get you in the room, then to start trying to figure out how this problem is going to be solved. you then have a responsibility to prepare an agenda that is achievable, that can institutionalize the changes you seek, and to engage the other side, and occasionally to take half a loaf that will advance the games that you seek-- gains that you seek, understanding

there is more work to do. soo often what i see i wonderful activism that highlights a problem, but then people feel so passionately and are so invested in the purity of their position that they never take the next step. okay, i have to sit down and get something done. the paris agreement that we just negotiated with a number of countries. they signed it on earth day. the agreement we shaped is not going to, by itself, solve climate change. the science argues that the world is going to need to do a lot more in order to prevent catastrophic climate change. but my strategy from the start has been, if i can get the chinese to agree with us as the

two largest emitters, that we have to do something, and lock in china with us for the first time to take some serious steps around reducing carbon emissions. and if by getting the two largest emitters, i can now leverage the smaller countries that also put in their own targets for emissions. and if we can set up an architecture that recognizes the need for carbon reduction and can allow people to hold each other accountable, then that's a start. we can start turning the dial as our science and understanding improves, as technology improves, so that poor countries don't have to choose between development and carbon reductions.

there are all kinds of compromises. after the paris agreement, some people have said this is not enough. but they are not in the conversation with the minister, who thinks he has several million people without electricity, and has some obligation to leave them of their poverty and suffering. i have developed those equities against the imperatives of the planet as a whole. most of the groups involved in this process have been sophisticated. that's the general principle you should consider. you noise and occasionally can act a little crazy to get attention, to shine a spotlight

on the issue, but once people who are in power and in a position to do something about it are prepared to meet with you, do your homework, be prepared. present a plausible set of actions and negotiate and be prepared to move the ball down the field, even if it doesn't get all the way there. [indiscernible] pres. obama: no. you do, but it wouldn't be fair if you start yelling out the question. because it's a guy's turn also. alright, go ahead. >> thank you president certainly for all you did for the world and for mankind. i think you made a good

contribution and have inspired a lot of young people around the world. my question is slightly on east africa. just last week, 400 young boys died in the mediterranean sea, trying to seek a better life. most left in a somalia. it was on boys have last -- those young boys lost their livelihoods. they have been trying to protect the international ships. there are-- are cases in the city that children are dying with strange diseases coming to the coast, that came from the sea. today i had the opportunity to ask you, for the next 8-9 months you have, can you kindly user

leverage within the international arena to galvanize the international community to look at this issue? [applause] pres. obama: i will be honest with you. i'm not fully familiar with some of the issues you referred to. i'm certainly familiar with the challenges that somalia has been going through. we've been working aggressively to try and help mogadishu develop a functioning state that can protect its people and that can get an economy moving that gives young people opportunity. i'm certainly familiar with the thees of piracy and international concerns that led to many of these ships patrolling these areas. i'm less familiar with some of

the issues that you discussed. so what i will do, after this meeting, as we are shaking hands, i will try to get some additional information from you. one thing that i learned as president is, although you can fake your way through an answer, sometimes it's good just to say, you know what, i don't know all the answers on this one. so i'll find out more about the specifics you are talking about. [applause] raised your hand and you didn't continue that crazy, i will go ahead and call on you. >> my sincerest apologies. pres. obama: that's okay, you got excited. >> you have been speaking a lot about how we have to become the change that we want to see. you've spoken about progress, human rights and how we in the u.s. and the u.k. need to lead in terms of civil rights movement and lgbtq issues. i'm about to deserving

terrifying, which is i'm coming out to you as a non-binary person, which means -- i'm getting emotional, i'm so sorry. [applause] i come from a muslim background, which has cultural implications. i know that in north carolina, the bathroom bill, people are being forced to produce first of goods --printers birth -- produce birth certificates. in the u.k., we don't recognize people under the equality act. there is no discriminate -- there is nothing we can do. i've been working with the u.k. civil service to do what i can. even though i'm still at university, i'm running for local election in rockford. i managed to get them to respect pronounced, i finished to get them to commit t gender-neutral

toiletso. these are things i done as a student. i really really wish that yourself and david cameron would take us seriously and perhaps you could elucidate as to what you can do to go beyond what is been accepted as the lgbtq rights movement, including people outside the social norms. [applause] pres. obama: first of all, that wasn't that crazy. i thought you were going to ask to come up here and, dance with me or something. [laughter] i'm incredibly proud of the steps it sounds like you have already taken to speak out against your own experience, and

to try and create a social movement and change laws. it sounds to me like you are on the right track. i can't speak for david cameron, although i will say that on lgbt issues, i think david has been ahead of the curve relative to a lot of other leaders around the world, even here in the u.k. from my perspective, we are taking a lot of serious steps to address these issues within the federal government. the challenge we have had, the north carolina law that comes up, that is a state law. because of our system of government, i can't overturn on a own state laws unless federal law is passed that prohibits states from doing these things. with the congress i currently have, that's not likely to happen. [laughter]

we are doing a lot of work administratively. as i said, you should feel encouraged just by virtue of the fact that social attitudes have changed faster than i have seen on any other issue. it doesn't feel fast enough for you, or for those who are impacted. and that's good. you shouldn't feel satisfied. you should keep pushing. i think the trend lines are good on this. in part because of courageous and active young people like yourself. so stick with it. [applause] gentlemen in the green here. agree with what you said so far about come from ice, but in an age of --compromise, but in an age of polarized politics, how do you get things done?

pres. obama: it is something that i wrestle with. i would distinguish between compromising on principles and copper mining -- and compromising i getting things donen in the here and now. what i mean about that is, i am uncompromising on the notion that every person, regardless of race, religion, sexual orientation, ethnicity, has a dignity and worth and has to be treated equally. basiccompromising in that principle. that in of the belief order to realize that principle, every child has to have tur rue opportunity.

that every child is deserving of a decent education and decent health care. the ability to go to college so they can make of themselves what they will. that is a powerful principle in me. that drives my politics. but if i'm sitting with congress and i have the opportunity to get half a million more kids into an early childhood education program, even though i milliont will leave 2 that needed out of th it out ofe program, but the alternative is none, i'll take half a million. i can look at myself in the mirror and feel good about the

500,000 that i'm helping, no one got the next round -- knowing t hat the next round of budget negotiations, i will go for another half a million. and another half a million after that. i think it is important for everyone to understand that you would have to be principled, you have to have a northstar, a moral compass. there should be a reason for you getting involved in social issues other than vanity, or just trying to mix and mingle. but you have to recognize that particularly in pluralistic socities and democratic

governments like we have in the u.s. and the u.k., there are people that disagree with us. they have different perspectives. they come from different points of view. and they are not bad people just because they disagree with us. they may assert they have similar principles, but disagree with us on the means to vindicate those principles. that we are in this age, partly because of what has happened with our media in differentle from thetical parties can spend bulk of their day only talking to and listening to and hearing

the perspectives of those who already agree with them. i know less about the u.k. media. but in the united states, it used to be we had 3 television stations. people might complain about the dominance of these 3 stations, but there was one virtue to them, which was everybody was watching the same thing and had understanding of what the facts were on any given issue. today you have 500 television stations and the internet will give you 1000 different sources of information. what is increasingly happening in the west, if you are a conservative, and you're watching fox news or reading a conservative blog post, if

you're a liberal, you are reading the huffington post or the new york times. there is this massive divergence taking place in terms of just what the agreed-upon with facts and assumptions. that makes it harder to cover my eyes. -- to compromise. if you spend time with people anyjust agree with you on particular issue, you become yourmore extreme in convictions because you are never contradicted. everyone mutually reinforces their perspective. ist is why i think it important for all the young people here to seek out people who don't agree with you. that will teach you to compromise.

it will also help you if you decided to get married. [applause] [laughter] the most important thing is understanding that compromise does not mean surrendering what you believe. it means that you are recognizing the fact that these other people who disagree , they have dignity too. they have worth as well. you have to hear them and see them. don't--s we how much time do i have, by the way? one more question. i'll make it two.

[laughter] see. this young lady right there, go ahead. president.ning mr. i am losing my voice, so i apologize. ,y question for you is what leadership skills have you found yourself relying on most in office, and why? pres. obama: a thick skin is very helpful. [laughter] i was just talking about this .ith the investor at.thigns i'ings i'm pretty god

let me say this, one of the things that happens as you get older is you are hopefully more aware of and honest about what your strengths and and weaknesses are. i could list my weaknesses. but you asked me about what things i found useful, so i will skip over that. [laughter] at.things i am pretty good one is attracting talent. anybody who wants to be a leader, i would advise you to spend a lot of time thinking about, how am i helping other people do great things? president of the united states, i'm dealing with some issues, i can't be an expert on everything, and i can't be everywhere.

the one thing i can do is a teaml a-- is assemble a of people that are smart and committed and care about their mission and have integrity. give them the tools, or get rid of the barriers, or help coach them so that they can do a great job. leaders who think that their primary job is to make everybody do exactly what they want as opposed to helping to organize talented people to collectively go where we need to stumble.ally you should be predisposed to other people's power. how can i make the people around

me do great things? , then by definition i will succeed, because that is my job. i'm pretty good at setting a course. a general direction. to hopefully unify that team around that general direction. often times i have to rely on other people to implement and execute to get there. setting a direction requires listening to what is important to people. third thing is synthesizing. i think it's useful as a leader, particularly on complex

issues, to sit around the table and hear a lot of different points of view and be able to get to the nub of the issue, the heart of the problem. i see a lot of organizations that spend time doing a lot of work, but they are working on the wrong thing. or they are distracted from the essential issue. it's moreantonce said, important to do the right thing than to do things right, what they meant was you can hack pathand build this amazing

through the jungle, but if you are headed in the wrong direction, is a waste of time. you have to make sure that people understand what we are trying to solve. enough. more.ot time for one yes.ikh councilmen, -- sikh gentlemen, yes. >> my question is about what minorities face in the usa. we many times see sikhs being discredited against as muslims. even if we were muslims, that still doesn't get the right for anyone to be islam of over to -- islamaphobic to us. why isn't a firm stand being

taken on issues such as airport security, with a lot of issues with the tsa. your neighbors in canada, just entered a said he would -- justin trudeau said he would apologize for an issue that happened 102 years ago. he is taking a firm stand on an issue that happened so long ago, where is countries such as the u.s. aren't taking a stand against this commission when it is -- against discrimination when it is 2016. [laughter] pres. obama: before everybody starts applauding that question, let's make sure we are on the same wavelength in terms of the facts. i have taken an adamant stand against making sure we are not racially profiling in airports. tsa policy not to racially profile. now, does that mean that out of

the hundreds of airports and thousands of tsa officials, that there has not been times where a sikh is going to the airport and somebody targets them for secondary screening because of what they look like? of course that has happened. but that's not my administration's policy. i am happy to provide you with chapter and verse as to why we have taken explicit stand against this. it raises a broader issue that you are mentioning, which is in pluralistic societies like the u.s. and the u.k., one of our biggest challenges is going to be how to approach keeping people safe and

.reventing terrorist acts there was a time when terrorism in the u.k. was largely emanating from the ira. this is not a uniquely muslim problem. what is also true is that today there are tiny subsets of groups that have perverted islam and justified killing innocent people. how we do that in a way that is consistent with our values and consistent with pluralism and respect for religion is vitally important. about four months ago, i visited a mosque in the united states, precisely to send a message that our greatest ally in this process are the incredible

areim americans who historically fully integrated into our society, that economically are doing better than the average american in many measures. that are fighting in our armed forces, that are defending our people in all sorts of ways. islamaphobia, we are not only for training -- only betraying what is essential to us, but engaging in a self-defeating behavior. the language that we use, the tactics and approaches that we take, the respect that we show all people -- those are security matters.

goodnot just feel political correctness. it's a matter of what we are fighting for and how to win this fight against people who are so blocked off from the reality of others that they would be willing to to themselves up and kill hundreds of people. it's the extreme of what i was just talking to this gentleman about, the inability to compromise and recognize difference, and feel comfortable with that. this is going to be a challenging issue for sometime to come. i'm confident it is an issue that we can succeed in. as long as young people like you justommitted to not believing the right thing and

feeling the right ways, but fighting for them. so long as you are engaged and active, and speaking out, and listening -- if you do that, i feel pretty good about our futures. i feel good about our chances. you guys inspire me. thank you very much. appreciate it. [applause] ♪ >> president obama in germany tomorrow, where he will meet with angela merkel. the wil twotake questions from reporters afterwards. you can watch that live at 10:30 a.m. eastern on c-span.

>> during campaign 2016, c-span takes you on the road to the white house. as we followed the candidates on c-span, and radio, and c-span.org. [applause] >> republican presidential candidate ted cruz was in pennsylvania this weekend, speaking to reporters at a high school in munro bill. he talked about the economy, immigration, and combating terrorism. this is 35 minutes. [applause] sen. cruz: god bless the commonwealth of pennsylvania. [applause]

let me say something that is profoundly painful for someone who grew up as a fan of the houston oilers-- [laughter] god bless the pittsburgh steelers. [applause] thank you for the terrific job you're doing leading our team in pennsylvania. >> if you look at the word

politics, you have two roots. ics,, meaning many, and t meaning blood sucking parasite. [laughter] [applause] sen. cruz: and that is a fairly accurate description of washington, d.c. morning forere this something a lot more important than politics. we are here because our country is in crisis. because we are bankrupting our kids. because our constitutional rights are under assault. has recededamerica from leadership in the world. and i am here this morning with a word of hope and encouragement all across pennsylvania and all across this country, people are waking up and help is on the way. [applause]

this next election is going to come down to 3 issues. jobs, freedom, and security. let's start with jobs. i want to take a minute to talk to all the single moms who are here, who are working 2-3 part-time jobs. who have seen your hours forcibly reduced to 28 hours because obama kicked in at 30 hours a week. [boos] i want to talk to all the truck drivers, all the plumbers and mechanics, all the steelworkers hens union members, all the members with calluses on your hands who have seen wages stagnating year after year. the cost of living keeps going up.

yet somehow your paycheck doesn't seem to keep pace. i want to talk to all the young people who are coming out of school with student loans up to their eyeballs, scared. can i get a job? what's my future hold? and the mainstream media, they try to tell us this is the new normal, this is as good as it gets. well is the people of pennsylvania know, that is in order -- an utter lie. [applause] it's easy to talk about making america great again. you could even print that on a baseball cap. but the real question is, do you understand the principles and values that made america great in the first place?

[applause] the heart of america is small business. if you want to unleash the economy, you lift the boot off the backs of the next of small businesses. [applause] reagan-- [applause] and jfk before him both understood that when you cut taxes and lift regulations on small businesses, the result is millions of new high-paying

jobs. [applause] i intent to follow the very same path as jfk and reagan. [applause] if i'm elected president, we will repeal every word of obamacare. [applause] we are going to pass commonsense reform that makes health insurance affordable and portable and keeps government from getting in between us and our doctors. [applause]

we are going to pass a simple attacks. --simple flat tax. [applause] every one of us can fill out our taxes on a postcard. [applause] and when we do that, we should abolish the irs. [applause]

now apparently the irs not too popular in pittsburgh. [laughter] i have to say that is a bit of a hillary and both donald trump have come out for higher taxes. [boos] you know what, have we got into this mess to begin. we are going to rein in the epa. [applause] regulators who have descended like locusts on farmers and ranchers and small businesses, killing jobs all across this country. [applause] pennsylvania is an energy state.

[applause] being a texan, i know a little bit about that. you look back to it years ago, when barack obama promised if he was president he would bankrupt every coal-fired plant in america. [boos] it's amazing that may be the only campaign promise obama has come close to beating. coal from the obama administration is wrong. [applause] america is the saudi arabia of coal, we are the saudi arabia of natural gas. the federal government should not be working, trying to destroy the livelihood of millions of americans who depend on the energy sector. [applause]

energy is key to bringing manufacturing back to america. low cost energy means jobs. [applause] we are going to stop amnesty and end sanctuary cities and end welfare for those here illegally. [applause] let me tell you what that is going to produce. we will see millions and

millions of new hiking jobs. we will see jobs coming back from mexico, coming back from china. we are going to see manufacturing jobs coming back to pennsylvania. wages rising once again. we're going to see young people coming out of school with 2, 3, 4 job offers. [applause] we'll see morning and america again. [applause] the second thing this election is about his freedom. [applause] with the passing of justice scalia, it underscores the stakes of this election. is not just one, but two branches of the federal

government that hang in the balance. if you value religious liberty, the right to live according to our faith and worship god almighty without government giving it away. [applause] [chanting] [applause] sen. cruz: if you value the second amendment right to keep and bear arms-- [applause]

usa, usa.a, sen. cruz: we are just one justice away from having those fundamental rights stripped. hewitt asko, hugh all of us about religious liberty, and donald trump said, ted, i've done a lot more politicians than you have. in that, he is clearly correct. donald trump is a washington insider who has been supporting liberal democratic politicians for 40 years. [applause] i have no experience

with that. [applause] sen. cruz: and when donald trump was writing checks to jimmy , i wasover ronald reagan still in grade school. [laughter] [applause] continues,but donald he said, ted, when it comes to religious liberty and the supreme court, you have to learn to compromise. he said you have to learn to cut deals with the democrats, to go along to get along. be very clear with the men and women of pennsylvania. i will not compromise away your religious liberty. [applause] i will notand

compromise away your second amendment right to keep and bear .rms [applause] now let me ask you, is anyone here frustrated with politicians who keep lying? promises,s who make then get an office and betray us? hillary clinton is a great example. we have seen the pattern. usually they talk good on the campaign trail, and then they get an office and betray us. well, i have to get done of credit. he is betraying us before he

gets elected. [applause] two days ago, donald trump went on the today show and agreed with hillary clinton and barack obama that grown men should be allowed to use a little girls restroom. nuts.at is just is not a matter of republican or democrat or conservative or liberal. it is a matter of basic common sense. [applause] sen. cruz: as the father of two , i can tell you that it does not make any sense at all to allow adult grown men, strangers, to be alone in a bathroom with a little girl. [applause]

sen. cruz: and that is just political correctness on steroids. now, i couple of months ago, donald told us that he could be the most politically correct person on earth. well, haven't we had enough of this nonsense? how about common sense and telling the truth? [applause] sen. cruz: the third critical issue in this election is security. seen ann years, we have administration that abandons our allies and shows

weakness and appeasement to our enemies. again, two debates ago, donald trump explained to all of us that if he were president, he would be neutral between israel and the palestinians. well, let me be very clear. as president, i will not be neutral. [applause] sen. cruz: america will stand unapologetically with the nation of israel. [applause] sen. cruz: and you know, anyone

who cannot tell the difference between our friends and enemies, anyone who can't tell the difference between israel and islamic terrorists who want to kill us, that raises real questions about their fitness and judgment to be commander and chief. [applause] sen. cruz: over the last seven years, we have seen our military weekend. we have seen readiness undermined. we have seen the morale of our troops plummet. and you know, as a nation, we have seen this before. we have seen another left-wing democratic president, jimmy undermine the and military, and then in january 1981, ronald reagan came into office. [applause] and what did reagan do? reagan cut taxes, lifted

regulations. the economy took off, millions and millions of new jobs that generated trillions in government revenue, and use that revenue to build our military, andrupting the soviet union winning the cold war. [applause] sen. cruz: i intend to do the exact same thing with radical islamic terrorism. [applause] sen. cruz: we are going to repeal obama care, pass a flat tax, rain in the regulators, stop amnesty. that is going to create millions and millions of new jobs, bring manufacturing jobs back to raise wages to generate revenue, and we will

use that revenue to rebuild our military so that it remains the mightiest fighting force on the face of the planet. [applause] [chanting] usa, usa, usa. qaedaruz: to isis and al and al nusra, to every jihadist on the face of the earth who has declared war on the united states of america, who intends to murder innocent americans, a day of reckoning is coming. [applause] we are coming to get you, and we are not coming to negotiate. we are not coming to compromise. we are not coming to cut a deal,

to arrest you, or read your rights. we are coming to kill you. [applause] [cheers] sen. cruz: you know, one of the saddest things we have seen over the last seven years has been this president sending our fighting men and women into combat with rules of engagement so strict that their arms are tied behind their back, they cannot fight, they cannot win, they cannot defeat the enemy. that is wrong. it is immoral. and mark my words, in january 2017, it will end. [applause] [cheers]

sen. cruz: to every soldier and ,ailor and airmen and marine and for that matter, to every police officer and firefighter , the era ofsponder a president who mocks and ridicules your service is coming to an end. and you will once again have the thanks of a grateful nation and a commander in chief who has got your back. [applause] [cheers]

>> [chanting] ted, ted, ted. sen. cruz: so let's talk a little politics. [laughter] sen. cruz: you know, this past an interesting year. it hasn't been boring. we started last year with 17 republican candidates, and amazingly talented, diverse, young, dynamic field. what a contrast with the democrats. [laughter] [applause] you know, the democratic field consists of a wild eyed socialist with ideas that that are dangerous for america and the world, and bernie sanders. [laughter] [applause] [cheers]

sen. cruz: and over the course of the last year, the primary did its job. it narrowed the field. today, thereere are two, and only two, people who have a plausible path to winning the nomination, me and donald trump. [applause] sen. cruz: let me tell you what we are seeing happening all across the country. republicans are coming together and uniting behind this campaign. [applause] sen. cruz: nationwide, 65% to 75% of republicans recognize that donald trump is not the

best candidate to go head to head with hillary clinton. [applause] that donald trump loses to hillary clinton, and he loses by double digits. if i am the nominee, we beat hillary clinton. [applause] [cheers] you know, just a few weeks ago, there was a general election poll in utah that showed hillary clinton beating donald trump in utah. now utah may well be the brightest red state in the entire union. if the republican candidate can't carry utah, we are headed to a walter mondale-level bloodbath. , head to head

between me and hillary clinton, we are beating hillary clinton in key swing states. [applause] sen. cruz: in the state of ohio, donald loses to hillary clinton. we beat hillary clinton. [applause] in the state of iowa, donald loses to hillary clinton. we beat hillary clinton. [applause] in the state of wisconsin, which hasn't gone republican in a presidential race since 1984, donald loses to hillary clinton by 10 points. hillary and i are tied at 44% to 44%. [applause] and here in

pennsylvania, another classic battleground, donald loses to hillary clinton. hillary and i are tied in the state of pennsylvania. [applause] sen. cruz: and let me tell you right now, we are coming back here and october and november, and if we stand together, we are beating hillary clinton in pennsylvania. [applause] [cheers] sen. cruz: now you may have heard a couple of days ago that the state of new york voted. [boos] sen. cruz: and the media reported with breathless excitement that donald had won his home state. it was very exciting. [laughter]

sen. cruz: and donald and the media immediately said, new york race is spoken, the decided. i think donald and the media think pennsylvania is a suburb of manhattan. i have a lot more faith in the men and women of pennsylvania. [applause] [cheers] sen. cruz: the eyes of the entire country are on pennsylvania right now. pennsylvania has a platform, has a megaphone, to speak to the country, and we face a choice. do we want to nominate a candidate who is a phony? who is telling us he is lying to us? or do we want to get behind a

strong, positive, optimistic, forward-looking, conservative campaign? [applause] [cheers] sen. cruz: with real solutions to the economic problems of this country. you know, if you have a car that is broke down in the driveway, do you want your neighbor to come over and start yelling and screaming and cursing at the car? or do you actually want somebody to lift the hood and fix the engine? [applause] and we don't want to nominate a candidate who hands the general election to hillary clinton as a christmas gift. donald trump may be the only person on the face of the plant that hillary can beat. planet thathe

hillary can be. tuesday will be a pivotal day. i want to ask everyone of you to come out and vote for me, 10 times. [laughter] [applause] look, we are not democrats. [laughter] i am not suggesting voter fraud. but you know, if everyone here picks up the phone and calls nine other people and gets nine other people to come out and vote on tuesday, you will have voted 10 times. [applause] sen. cruz: that is how we win, from the grassroots, from the people. ,f we stand together and unite you know, it's amazing the unity we are seeing in the republican party. we started with 17 republican candidates. of those, five have endorsed this campaign. [applause] [cheers]

sen. cruz: we have earned the support of >> terry and lindsey and jeb bush, scott walker, carly fiorina. [applause] sen. cruz: when you add to that mix, mike lee, then back -- ck, we have the entire spectrum of the republican party all coming together, united behind this campaign. [applause] and if we stand united as one, we will win the republican nomination. and if we stand united as one, we will win the general election and beat hillary clinton and turn this country around. [applause] [cheers]

[applause] ted, ted, ted. sen. cruz: you know, it took jimmy carter to get us ronald and i am convinced that the long-lasting legacy of barack obama will be a new generation of leaders in the republican party who stand and fight for liberty, who stand and fight for the constitution, and who stand and fight for the judeo-christian values that built this great nation. thank you, and god bless you. [applause] [cheers] [applause]

♪ >> republican presidential candidate john kasich travels to maryland monday for a town hall in rockville, one of five holding primaries this tuesday. you can watch the event monday at 2:00 p.m. eastern on c-span. next, another campaign event from the campaign trail. this one from bernie sanders. delaware wilmington,

this weekend, where he spoke to supporters for just over an hour. [applause] [cheers] ♪ [chanting] bernie, bernie, bernie. sen. sanders: thank you wilmington. thank you. [applause] [cheers] >> [chanting] bernie, bernie, bernie. sen. sanders: thank you all. , anda wonderful turnout thank you so much for being here this afternoon. [applause] [cheers] sen. sanders: let me thank

rosaria dawson. as most of you know, she is a great american actress, but she is more than a great actress. she has devoted a significant part of her life to making sure end we end racism, that we all forms of discrimination in this country. [applause] [cheers] sen. sanders: and she stood up and fought for people who often don't have a voice, so i thank her for all that she has done and her role on this campaign. [applause] [cheers] begin byers: let me quoting to use some words of a guide that many of you know of, and some of you know personally,

that is the president of the united states. [cheers] biden was justoe quoted the other day in the new york times. he remains neutral in the battle between bernie sanders and hillary clinton, but not between their campaign styles. he will take mr. sanders' aspirational approach over mr. clinton's -- mrs. clinton's caution any day. [cheers] sen. sanders: and this is what the vice president continues, "i like the idea of saying we can do much more, because we can." , "we all tosays downsize because it is not realistic," he said in a mocking

tone. of the party that says we can't do it." [cheers] [applause] what joe biden saying is exactly what this campaign is about. it is asking the hard questions of why not. why not? were a poor country, and there are many poor countries all over the world, and some he said, you know, we should have a great educational system for all of our kids. we should have health care for all of our people. we should have great infrastructure. if people raise those questions in a poor nation, then people would say that is a great idea, but we are poor.

we can't do that. you aree very clear, living today not in a poor country. you are living in the wealthiest country in the history of the world. [applause] [cheers] so we have a right to ask and a right to demand that this country and our government work for all of us, and not just the 1%. [applause] [cheers] sen. sanders: we have already 16 states in this nominating process. [cheers] sen. sanders: and with your help on tuesday, we are going to win here in delaware. [cheers] [applause] sen. sanders: we started this in the polls, 60

points behind secretary clinton. in the last week or two, there are national polls that have us in the league. [cheers] -- in the lead. [cheers] sen. cruz: and, if you look at matchup polls between donald trump and myself, we are beating him in every instance. [cheers] and almost always by larger margins than secretary clinton. in other words, we have confounded the experts. ,e are in this campaign to win and with your help, we will do that. [cheers] [applause] [chanting]

bernie, bernie, bernie. sen. sanders: to pick up on joe biden's point, what this campaign is asking people is to think outside of the box, outside of the status quo. don't accept what the media tells you in terms of the options that we have. we can think much bigger. nationcreate the kind of we know the united states can become. [cheers] if we think about half a loaf, we will get crumbs. ideas,hink about small we will get small results. [cheers] campaigners: now this

is creating the energy and excitement that it is because we are doing something very unusual in contemporary american politics. we are telling the truth. [cheers] [applause] the truth is not always pleasant, and it is not always something that we want to hear, but whether it is in our own personal life or political life or our nation's life, we have got to confront the reality , not sweep it under the rug, if we in fact want to go for defectively. [cheers] -- go forward effectively. [cheers] sen. sanders: what are the truths? formerumber one, the chairman of the u.s. senate committee on veterans affairs, i have talked to veterans from way , who put their lives

on the line to defend our way of life and our democracy. in tellingvery clear you, i worry very much today about the future of american democracy. about a citizens united supreme court decision which allows billionaires to buy elections. [boos] democracy is not a complicated concept. it is one person, one vote, not people with extraordinary wealth buying elections. [cheers] [applause] we will never effectively a dress the crises that we face when we have a congress that is beholden to wealthy campaign contributors, and we will never a dress that issue in less we overturn