on the democrats line. caller: i am calling to make a comment. i had an opportunity to listen to the speech and i have been following the campaign throughout. my opinion is donald trump is going to lose like barry goldwater lost. he is considered a crook, a fraud. he needs to present his tax returns. .e says nothing specific he mentioned the t.s.a. the t.s.a. is not functioning well because congress cut the budget. if he is going to mention something about why something is not working, he needs to tell the whole story. as far as our infrastructure goes, a lot of it has to do with congress. the president is not a dictator, and he cannot do anything without congressional approval. just like i said, he is going to lose big time. he can complain about hillary clinton and bernie sanders. of aes not have a chance

snowball in june. host: who is your candidate? caller: my candidate was bernie sanders, but i will follow whoever the democratic nominee is. host: go ahead. caller: if it is hillary clinton, she will get my vote. host: what do you think of donald trump deciding not to debate bernie sanders? caller: i think that is ridiculous. he is doing that as a distraction to divert attention away from him. no one has ever done this before. and goest is ludicrous in line with him being a buffoon and clown. [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2016] thank you for calling. host: thank you for calling. we go to owen in grand junction on the republican line. caller: i have been in california. i had to move out. we had to pick up and move. there aree economy -- no jobs other than state jobs.

the regular businesses are not doing well. donald trump has good business sense. i think he would do really good. i also believe he is going to win wholeheartedly. he is going to win by a lot. that is all i have got to say. host: thanks for calling, as we watch donald trump talking to supporters in san diego, california. let's continue with their calls. cindy in cleveland on the independents line. caller: thanks for taking my call. i voted democrat for many years, but i am considering trump for the simple fact i feel the democrats have not been there for labor. they don't represent labor. i don't feel they represent working people. it may surprise some people. i supported president obama. i have been really disappointed. i don't see wages moving up, and i don't see the economy improving at a rate i hoped for. i don't know that trump is the

solution, but he brands himself as an outsider and that appeals to me. i think he has a great shot of winning. that is all i want to say. i think paul ryan and the others need to wake up. they would be fools not to endorse him. host: thanks for the call. john in fort worth, texas. caller: i am an independent and have been for a while. there is a lot a person could say. i am definitely for trump. i have talked to a lot of young , who have or younger a lot of complaints. one of the things listening to them, they have a lot of problems with the economy. and i agree. that they have never since they were 12 or 13, they have never

known an economy that works. in the past 16 years, we have system thatd by a has done everything it can to sell out the american people, the workers. no one wins in that kind of system except those who are placed right, who are politicians. there are some good politicians. but after 16 years, we have got to give the country a chance, the people a chance, and their spirit, to grow and sort. i think somebody like trump offers that. he is not perfect. he is not an angel. but i think he does offer a chance for the american people to come first. host: thanks for the call, john. staying with the independent line, caroline in dixon,

tennessee. go ahead. caller: i am a mother and grandmother. i believe donald trump is out to protect his family and our family, all the families in the united states. i will vote for him. inraise him for jumping theire and putting all of us all the other things the other parties have done to mess up the united states. i'm going to go vote for him. i hope every mother and grandmother out there, to talk about women against donald trump. oh, lord. we love him so much. host: thanks for calling. a number of primaries yet to go. off in it this point in the process, the decision has been made on the presidential race. some of the primary still to come on june 7 include

california where donald trump and the democratic candidates have been campaigning. other primaries on june 7 in new jersey, montana, new mexico, and south dakota. also democratic caucuses on june 7 in north dakota. as we continue to watch donald trump in san diego, more of your calls. sheila from roseburg, oregon, on the democrats line. iller: i would like to say have switched over from being a democrat to republican so i can vote for him. thing. signed the nafta hillary was a disaster in the white house. she even stole our furniture and stuff. we turned around and still voted for her because we did not want obama because obama has destroyed our nation. nancy pelosi said give it to obama. instead of her fighting for the presidency, she let him have it.

hillary does not deserve to be in there. the other thing lately. i used to be a big hillary supporter. i am no longer a hillary supporter or a democrat supporter because of what they have done to our nation. if you want to have venezuela where hamburgers cost $170, for bernie sanders or hillary clinton in. that is what will happen. trump is a nationalist and he is wanting to bring our country back from the precipice of destruction. if you don't vote for trump, you will have a socialist, a communist-socialist wanting to give everybody everything we have worked for. if you want to give our country a way to everybody and their dog, you will end up with nothing. nothing for us, nothing for our kids. they have taken a lot of it. but they will take the rest of it.

be better wake up, america, and vote for trump. host: meal in new jersey next on the republican line. caller: i want to say it is about time we have a no nonsense man running for the presidency that is backing patriotism to know -- no end and respecting our veterans, the middle class, and trying as hard as he can to get jobs back here instead of all these corporations moving overseas. that is about it. host: thanks for calling. donald trump campaigning in san diego today ahead of the california primary on june 7. as we continue to watch him with his supporters in san diego, we will take another call. joseph in stockton, california, on the independent line.

caller: i was calling because i was a democrat since 1971. twoi turned republican just days ago because i think we need a change in what the government is doing now. liarry is almost big of a as her husband was lying about not having sex with that woman, in the same thing with her saying she did nothing wrong with her e-mails. i feel she thinks the american people are stupid or something. i think we need a person that can clean house. host: let's go to the democratic line, we had -- leann in west virginia. caller: thank you for speaking with me. i am a registered democrat. i would like to say i love my country. we have some of the best workers in the state of west virginia.

i have to brag. a sad this point, it is day for people trying to vote today because i feel like it is island ande on an only have two things to choose from to eat. a pile of horse crap and a pile of chicken crap. people need to get back to morals and go with their heart. don't listen to all the lies. is always the same thing. it is just a different face. we need to help one another. we need to get our country back in better shape than it was. it is not about judging the last president or a future president. we all need to work together as a team. it seems like a sad day for election time now. it is really sad what is going on in this country. host: thanks for calling. michael in lancaster, pennsylvania, you are next.

caller: i would like to comment. i was disturbed by a lot of things donald trump said about the media and how the judicial system was treating him. i did not really find that right. i would also like to point out how donald trump is really -- very big for energy independence. i have heard a few times that hillary clinton wants to "shut down the coal industry." this nice lady from west virginia just mentioned that they have some of the best workers. if that happens, there's not going to be many workers down there anymore. it would be a disaster for the american economy. that is really all i wanted to say. host: thanks for calling, michael. caledonia, michigan. tom on the independents line. caller: i want to say i love everything this guy has to say.

not everything. but mostly he is a nationalist. he loves the country. he has shown that through all of his speeches. he fought through all the headwinds he has been andented with by the media the government. just the fact they are against is a crooked system that does not care what the people want. i think he is going to be a good leader and surround himself with good advisors if he gets in office, and he will make the decisions that will benefit the country. host: thanks for calling. let's go to dan on the line from democrats -- for democrats. where are you calling from? caller: michigan. macomb.

it last five elections, seems like i have been voting for the lesser of two evils. i am excited about this election and indifferently going to vote for trump. i'm getting tired of the hillary and billary show. most of the big cities are democratic ran. you have to wonder what they have ever done for the city. mostly, your big cities are in a mess. i think donald trump is going to work for everybody, panics, black, white. i think he will do well for the economy. to get back wants to the country for what it has given him. host: what do you think of the of days?e last couple there apparently was going to be a debate between donald trump and bernie sanders. now donald trump says that is not want to happen. what do you think of that decision?

caller: i think it is a smart decision on his part. bernie sanders is not going to be the nominee for the democratic party. i would rather see him debate hillary and spend his time there. is seems like it would be a waste to debate mr. sanders. host: thanks for the call. to pittsburgh on the republican line, jamie is with us. caller: i have a comment about donald trump in pittsburgh. i want to say i believe he is a wonderful man, caring. he is very concerned about the families. ,e may have been a reality star the show he had was about donating to charity. he donated so much money. he taught people in the show on how to run businesses. young people that may be interested in having a business, this show taught them that.

he may have been a reality star and had his own show, but it was a show that was kind donating money to charity, plus educating the people. this man is a wonderful man. i want to make it plain and simple. i believe trump would be good for america. j. in stamford, connecticut. caller: i never voted before. i am an american, new yorker. my husband and i just moved back to the united states. we have been in england where socialism and the muslim takeover is ripe. for the people who have concern, they are correct in the united states. we have no rights as christians in europe. muslims wasg of

completely out of control. gated --and they fled floodgated europe because they wanted to have votes for the labor party, similar to what the democrats did in the united states. when we came back, we were in california. we never even thought about it. but the issue of immigration was huge. we were shocked at how many illegal immigrants were in the united states in southern california. then we came across country and are back in the northeast. long story short. the people of the united states are craving for somebody who represents the america i love and have always believed in. it does not make a difference of your create or background. it is a person that left this country. -- it is a person that loves

this country. it should start with the president. it does not make a person's religion, class, or color the point. patriotismsm -- the given out at people supporting donald trump is similar to what i rallied to. i don'tked the media -- ever remember seeing a trump rally until he became super-popular. i know you have had tons of hillary and bernie and other people. i am disappointed. but i also recognize now having been witness to what happened in europe with the bbc, which is completely labor, liberal, anti-conservative. it is the same thing going on here. i'm disappointed the american people have told the rejected

your stance. whatever is going on with all of them. i am so disappointed because i admired journalism and the media for so long. so many people look to you as a resource and something credible, and not taking a stance and being biased. we are fed up. you can cut me off and that is totally fine. this is the response to somebody coming out and saying it as it is. and i'm totally for trump. so many americans are. thank god for that. host: i would not want to cut you off, but we do want to move on to other callers. i want to mention a couple of programming notes. this weekend, our continuing road to the white house coverage rules on this weekend with c-span's libertarian presidential debate and our

coverage of the libertarian convention gets underway saturday night at 8:00 eastern in orlando, florida. the candidates running for the presidential nomination in the libertarian party. our coverage will continue on sunday when the libertarian party selects their presidential and vice presidential nominees. back for a few more calls. from detroit, your thoughts about donald trump and what you saw today? caller: i would like to say it is time for us to have a woman in the white house. the women is our background. that is the way we look at it. donald trump has had three wives. he don't care for women much. he thinks they are dumb enough to vote for him. i think there are a lot more smarter women than he thinks.

you listen to how he insults people. nobody understand how would want some we like that in the white house. he also says he wants to build a wall. that does not make no kind of sense. i don't think people are listening to donald trump, what he is all about. , he will not win, but if you did, it would be another war. the majority of people all over the world is looking at him. ideal with people -- i deal with people in europe. we would lose all of our friends all over the world. country, there was a time when they were not allowed to vote. a lot of women ain't forgot

that. they have been misused. womanwas a time that a but she cannot be a president like a black president. times are changing. host: thanks for the call. a couple of tweets we have gotten after the trump rally today. who saysfrom lee donald trump is the most gifted communicator in modern history. don rights america wants a businessman in the white house because politicians pass the buck to get reelected. helen on the republican line, go ahead. caller: thank you so much for taking my call. i am all for trump. i used to be a democrat. but i changed my mind because we were not getting anywhere, getting jobs or anything.

with tooed to do away much and taking our tax money. i am all for trump. i know he will help us all get jobs. we will build that wall and everyone can come in legally. i'm concerned isis would come in and take over our country and start killing us. we need a strong leader, someone that will protect us. i sincerely believe he will. you can tell it in his voice. he is very concerned about our country. he loves our country. he will help us. i know people coming in is not being checked, and i don't feel safe anymore. my family don't feel safe. i feel donald trump will protect us and make us a strong country again. host: thanks for calling. danny in north carolina on the

line for independents. you will get the last word. go ahead. caller: thank you for taking my call. i would like to respond to the gentleman in detroit. i think he is on the wrong track. we have a lot of american people. i am a small business owner. i have a family. i have grandkids. we have one chance at this. and then, it is a done deal. we cannot elect hillary clinton. crook. a she is a criminal, in my opinion. how the american people do not see this is beyond me. we need to elect donald trump, somebody that will stand up for this country. we don't have friends throughout the world. they don't exist. that is evident. people need to wake up and smell the roses and vote for donald

trump. host: thanks for that call, danny. thanks to all of our callers today. we will continue with our road to the white house coverage. tonight at 8:00 eastern, we will show you the visited hiroshima, japan, by president obama. he laid a wreath and made remarks at the site of the atomic bomb attack in hiroshima. we will have that for you at 8:00 eastern tonight on c-span. our libertarian convention coverage coming up this weekend. it kicks off saturday night at 8:00 eastern with the libertarian presidential debate. we will be live in orlando, florida. wrote to the white house 2016 coverage continues on c-span. we learn more about the libertarians from a reporter covering that race. nicholas sarwark is chair of

the libertarian party joining us from orlando where the convention gets underway this weekend. thank you for being with us. guest: thank you for having me on. host: walk us through the schedule saturday and sunday, what viewers and listeners can expect and how he will be vying for the nomination. guest: on saturday, we will have nomination of candidates. there are currently 18 candidates seeking the nomination. to be eligible to pre-placed -- be placed in the nomination, they need to get signature tokens. to be in the debate saturday night, in canada -- candidate will need to get 10% or more of the tokens from delegates at the convention. host: how do the candidates campaign for the libertarian nomination? guest: it is all very retail. the libertarian party has

delegates elected by the state party. no delegates are bound in our party. all approximately 1000 will be free to vote for whoever they like. candidates have been sending out mailers, e-mails, personal phone calls to the delegates, handwritten notes. and walking through the convention hall the day before we start i ,have seen the candidates pressing the flesh to get the delegates votes. one ticket is getting a lot of attention. as you indicated, they are not the only candidates vying for your party's nomination. guest: they are not. this has been a vigorous race for the nomination. five are between three and , depending on how you count them, going around to state

parties trying to earn the delegates. you have governor johnson, john mcafee, a security expert. and austin petersen, a tv producer. those gentlemen have all been vigorously contesting the nomination. host: what does the libertarian party stand for? what is your basic mission statement as a party? guest: our core principle is the idea that every person has a right to live their life and pursue happiness in any way they choose as long as they don't hurt other people and don't take their stuff. it should not be the government's business how you choose to raise your family, run your business, relax on the weekend. politicians have no greater knowledge of how your life ought to be lived. host: as chair of the party and a member of the libertarian party, why did you join and why

are you leading this political party? guest: i was introduced to the party when i was about 12. my father took me to a local meeting. i have never been anything other than libertarian. it just seems right to me. there is a humility to it. thought the national chair 2014 in columbus because i felt we had been doing the groundwork for 45 years and we needed to break out. we needed to make sure we become a force in american politics and are in a position to shape the debate and move our agenda forward. host: do you think your nominee has a chance in the general election? how do you break through between the democratic and republican nominee? guest: the goal in 2016 is that

i have to go to an inauguration party. if you look at the american electorate, the largest chunk of the electorate of people who don't vote because they are disgusted with the system. the next largest group of people are those that choose not to affiliate with either of the two parties. and with the nominees being the most hated people in modern politics, this is a historic election for us. we have an opportunity to break through and really present something for people to vote for, rather than arguing over who is the bigger bully, or who they are more afraid of. host: do you think you will be taking away more republican votes versus democratic votes? where is your appeal? guest: i think our appeal is across the spectrum. historically, our members have come approximately a third from former republicans, a third from former democrats, and a third from people who are independent or politically uninvolved.

we have seen in the two old parties there is a block of , voters who are dissatisfied and feel like they have been cheated. the more mainstream republicans the more progressive democratst feel like they are about to be cheated out of the nomination with hillary clinton. there are a lot of dissatisfied people from the right and the left. to look at,ontinue do you want more individual freedom or more government control? be providingwill full coverage of the libertarian party convention both saturday and sunday through the nomination process. what do you think people will learn as they watch this unfold? guest: i think they will see that there is another way to do politics in this country, that if you want the control of other people's lives, if you want to argue over who gets to take taxpayer money and give it out as special favors to corporate

cronies, there are two parties already for you in this country. but if you want to live your own life and race your family the way you see fit, we are the only political party that stands for all of your freedoms all of the time. so people will see that kind of politics and be excited about it. host: nicholas sarwark is the chair of the libertarian already, joining us from orlando where the convention gets underway this weekend. thank you for being with us. live coverage of the libertarian party convention starts with the candidates facing one another and debate starting tomorrow night at 8:00 eastern orlando, florida. as the we will watch party chooses its presidential and vice president on nominees. the libertarian is the only third-party that will appear on the ballot with all 50 states this november appeared coming up tonight, president obama's visited hiroshima, the side of the world's first atomic tom in 1945. the present it gives my marks

and two is the memorial park -- park, andthe memorial at one point, he embraces a survivor. >> that is just a portion of the ceremony you will see tonight at 8:00 eastern here on c-span. president obama is the first u.s. president to visit hiroshima.

in addition to the graduating you to beish graduating into a world of peace, lots of love, but that is not the case. we all live in a fairytale, but i guess the 1% does. >> this memorial day, watch commencement speeches in their entirety, offering advice and encouragement to the graduating class of 2016, from business leaders like the ncta president at pepperdine university, larry ellison of the university of southern california him and the isinistrator of the mccall this administration at whittier college. yourself. count on what makes you special? what distinguishes you from others? in business, we call it your unique value proposition. figuring out yours is key. >> politicians, salads are --

senator jeff sessions, senator barbara boxer, and governor mike pence. >> to be strong and to be courageous and to learn to stand for who you are and what you believe is a way that you have changed here. and will carry into the balance of your life. --and white house officials vice president joe biden at the university of notre dame, attorney general loretta lynch at spelman college, and president obama at rutgers university. president obama: is it any wonder that i am optimistic to honor a new generation of americans that has reached up and bent the arc of history in the direction of more freedom, more opportunity, and more justice? class of 2016, it is your turn now to shape our nation's destiny, as well as your own, so get to work. speeches thist

memorial day at noon eastern on c-span. up next, a commencement speech from defense secretary ashton carter. he's booked to the graduating midshipmen of u.s. naval academy in maryland. -- he spoke to the graduating midshipmen. [applause] mr. carter: thank you. good morning, midshipmen. great to be here. ray, thank you. thank you for those years of excellent service as our secretary of the navy. pleasure to serve beside you. john, likewise.

all the distinguished guests here today, the academy faculty and staff, so many families, friends, all here to honor and congratulate you, the class of 2016. every commencement is important, but those that are service academies have extra meaning. today, you not only receive a degree that represents years of studying, striving, you take an oath to a life of service and sacrifice in the fight is -- finest fighting force the world has ever known. indeed, you have chosen one of professions, a profession in which he will be waking up every day to help defend this country and make a better world. thank you for doing so. and each of us on this stage, everyone sitting in these stands here, every american around the country is proud of you today.

, all of uss to come will be counting on you. based on your performance is here, that face is well-placed. as the first and apple with the firstrs, -- as class with cyber majors, you past the yard, and you are sending cyber operators into our force. you survived hurricane sandy here you whether a government shutdown. you have captured youtube a claim. you have won back the commander-in-chief's trophy and beat army again and again and again. [cheers and applause] mr. carter: and again. earned scholarships,

even a sixth round selection in the nfl draft. and on that last one, on that last one, keenan and chris, you're cleared and approved to defer your service so you can pursue your nfl dream. go get 'em. [cheers and applause] i dareter: of course, say not every late-night here was dedicated to studying. not every rough morning can be blamed on rbt. so for those of you that might be sweating a little extra under your joker callers this morning, i hereby grant amnesty to all mentioned in on restrictions for minor conduct offenses -- for those of you that might be sweating a little under your morning.llars this this is a one-time deal. [laughter] thecarter: let's also think

parents, grandparents, siblings, spouses, friends of our graduates, our military families that we know serve, too. your love and support helped propel these men and women to and through the academy. and your love and support will continue to be critical to them and to our nation in the years ahead. graduates, take a moment to give your family and friends a much deserved standing ovation. [applause] carter: thank you. midshipmen, your education and training at this academy has prepared you to be officers, to lead at a time of remarkable change for our military and our

world be review will lead our force in the future, one that will be just as excellent as the force we have today but that will also be different and some ways. as you all know, generations change,technologies labor markets change, and that is why one of my as possibilities now and one of your jobs in the years to come is to make sure that amid all this change, we continue to recruit, develop, and retain the most talented young men and women that america has to offer, men and women like all of you. and we are going to do exactly that. you will also lead in a new strategic era. securityoday's environment is dramatically different from that of the last generation or even the generation before that. in this new era, you and your generation must meet no fewer and immediater and evolving challenges.

you will counter the prospects of russian aggression and coercion, especially in europe. you will manage historic change in the asia-pacific, where china is raising, which is fine, but behaving aggressively, which is not. you will strengthen our return of defense forces in the face of north korea's continued nuclear pursuits and provocations good you will check iranian aggression and influence in the gulf and protect our friends and allies there p review will accelerate the certain the feet its apparent tumor in itq and syria and anywhere metastasizes in the world, as well as protecting our people here in the homeland. you will do with all five of these challenges across all areas, not just city and air and

land, but also in cyberspace, electronic warfare, outerspace. and of course, when you look at history, you see that we have a near-perfect record of failure when it comes to predicting a strategic future, so you will need to be ready and agile to contend with a complex future where new challenges will almost certainly arise. now the united states does not have the luxury of being able to choose among these challenges. we have to do it all. and there is plenty to say about each one. anyuse i do not want to get complaints on you get -- on yik yak on a commencement speech that went too long, my remarks will focus on just one of those challenges. the single region that is most vital to our future, home to nearly half of humanity and newly half of the global economy, and the one that will

likely define many of your careers, namely the asia-pacific. this tuesday, i will depart for my fifth trip from the region as secretary of defense, and before i go, i want to talk about the essential, pivotal role the united states has long played in the asia-pacific and what we and each of you will be doing in the coming years to protect america's interests and ensured that region's principled future. last month, i laid a wreath at the american cemetery in the philippines where 17,000 americans are buried. many of them sailors and marines, some who graduated from this very academy. each of those lost and many others helped win world war ii. they also won for the asia-pacific that all its people and nations have the opportunity to realize a brighter future. and for decades since, day in

and day out, american soldiers, sailors, airmen, and marines have worked to help ensure the region's security and uphold a common set of principles for all countries there to follow. and everyery nation person there could rise and prosper. that has been america's projective and practice for decades and across strategic errors on a regardless of what else is going on at home and in other parts of the worlds's, during democratic and republican administrations and times of surplus and deficit, war and peace, the united states has played an essential and pivotal role in the asia-pacific, politically, and militarily. in the history of the last century has taught us that the order upon which the asia-pacific security depends is anchored in this principles. american service members like you have helped write that history, and you will contribute

us into its next chapter. think about it. over the last two decades, tens of thousands of sailors and marines aboard the uss john c stennis, for example, have sailed over 300,000 miles just around the asia-pacific region. they have launched countless sorties, made almost two doesn't work calls, and work with governments and militaries from australia to the republic of korea, malaysia him and japan -- they have made almost two dozen port calls. naval aviators have flown over the region since 1962, keeping vigil watch, helping manage crazies, and helping keep waterways open to international commerce. since 1980 1,000 of american sailors and marines participated in more than 30 iterations of bilateral extra side with the philippines. it has helped as stand shoulder-to-shoulder with one of our oldest allies in the region, and many observer nations with

them. for decades, sailors aboard the uss lawson and other vessels have conducted routine, lawful, and consistent stream of navigation operations around the world, including in the south china sea. and flight hour, every exercise and operation, every sailor and every marine has added a stitch to the fabric of the asia-pacific security and stability, and they have helped uphold and defend important principles, like resolving disputes peacefully, ensuring countries can make their own security and economic choices, free from coalition and intimidation. strengthening international and regional institutions and preserving the freedom of flight and navigation guaranteed by international law. for sailors and marines like you and for maritime region like the asia-pacific, that last one is particularly critical. it allows ships, people, and

commerce to travel and peace. that is why the united states, throughout its history, has stood up for the freedom of seas around the world. that is why our sailors and rains have helped uphold and protect free and open maritime axis for the asia-pacific lotteries -- waterways. it is one reason why we continue to fly, sale, and operate wherever international law allows, so others can do the savior to we will continue to do so. you will continue to do so, to help maintain freedom of navigation and stand up are all these sensible's in the asia pacific -- for all these principles in the asia-pacific. we have seen countries and able in the region to make incredible progress. think about it. economic miracle after economic miracle has occurred there. first japan, then taiwan, south grows andtheast asia, prospering. today, china and india are doing

the same here at we want that positive trend to can you, because it has been beneficial to the u.s. economy and our interests, as well as for the people there. but that record of progress is all the more remarkable, especially when you consider the region hosey shattered state in the aftermath of world war ii and that its postwar stability and prosperity were never maintained by some regionwide structure the way europe had nato. instead, because our service members have worked inclusively in a principled and peaceful way, the u.s. has developed alliances and partnerships all over the region, from japan, the republic of korea, to india and singapore. these relationships have long supported the asia-pacific stability and prosperity, and they continue to do so today. of course, the asia-pacific continues to be rich and great opportunities for the united states but challenges always accompany opportunities in times

of change. but not all of the change in the region has been positive. indeed, in the south china sea and elsewhere, there is a growing risk to their prosperous future. even though it is a future many in the region have chosen and are working toward together, china has taken some expansive and unprecedented action in the south china sea. its construction and militarization of artificial islands on disputed features for surpassed all other land reclamation efforts by other nations there, all other combined. andnd aircraft, ships, fishermen act in accordance with international law near these features, china dries sometimes to turn them away. -- china tries sometimes to turn them away to the u.s. is not a claimant of the current dispute, and we do not take a position on which claimant has the superior summer tea plan over the disputed land features -- a

superior sovereignty plan. but we want to uphold corporate doubles like freedom of navigation and flight, fleet foe -- free flow of commerce, and to be in accordance with international law. we are committed to ensuring that these core principles apply equally in the south china sea as they do everywhere else. because only by ensuring that everyone plays by the same rules can we avoid the mistakes of the past where countries challenge one another in the strength and will with disastrous consequences for humanity. that is why we will not labor and our determination to uphold these core principles. our freedom of navigation operations thereby the uss lawson and other vessels are not statements about sovereignty or preferences for any country's claims. they are not new to the last year. theater wehina sea were julie conduct these

operations all over the world. each as ach -- principled act to uphold the rights of all nations to the freedom of the seas. and fact, what is new and unique to this region is the assertion of claims, dredging, land reclamation, and militarization of features by several claimants, but overwhelmingly by china. our focus on upholding principles extends beyond the maritime domain. for example, china wants its companies that depend on the internet to flourish in the global marketplace so it can lift its peoples prosperity to globally comparative levels after decades of poverty. yet, china's cyber actors have violated the spirit of the internet am a not to mention the law to perpetrate large-scale intellectual property theft from american companies.

that is why the president has been determined to develop international understanding of behavior in cyberspace. enjoys allwants and the benefits of free trade and free internet, while sometimes restricting both as they apply to them. seas and cyberspace and global economy and elsewhere, china has benefited from the principles and systems that others have worked to establish and uphold, including us. instead of helping sustain those very principles and systems that have served all of us so well for so long, instead of working toward what they call the cooperation that beijing publicly says it wants, china sometimes plays by its own rules, undercutting those principles. a model like that is out of step

with where the region wants to go, and it is counterproductive them afar from a win-win. the result is that china's actions good direct egg -- good erect a great wall of isolation, as countries around the region are voicing concerns, publicly and privately, the highest levels, regional meetings, and global forum, which reflects their distant past, rather than the principles future we all want for the asia-pacific. has rebalance the asian pacific, which president obama launched while you were and high school, and it is not about any one country. on the contrary. it is an affirmative investment in antigovernment wide commitment to an inclusive and principled future there. for example, one important component is the transpacific partnership, an agreement that will deepen regional trade

relationships. the defense department is operationalizing the defense part of the rebalance by sending our most advanced capabilities to the region and we're doing this across the force, but let me give you some of our navy and ring court exhibits. sending stealth fighters, maritime aircraft, warships, including the cutting edge stuff destroyers. dod's budget invests in mckinley and a load and platforms -- and vests significantly. there is the virginia class drones,e, new undersea and cyber and electronic warfare and space. the play enters strategists are developing new and innovative operational concepts. leadingtains world capabilities, because we have made incomparable investments over decades, in our budget this

year does the same. it will take decades more for anyone to build the cut of military capability of the united states. this strength is not simply about dollar figures. it is also about harnessing those dollars to a tremendous, innovative, and technological culture that only the united states has. in doing so, to develop revolutionary technologies. the u.s. military also has unrivaled -- this is important -- hard-earned operational experience gathered over the last 15 years. no other military possesses this kind of skill and agility backed by experience. on top of all this, our allies and partners in the region also are a major source of our strategic strength and influence in the asia-pacific. dod is deepening and modernizing existing partnerships,

developing new ones, and networking our defense relationships so all our countries can more together you can see this trilateral mechanism, like the u.s. -japan-australia cooperation, u.s.-japan have india cooperation, and other arrangements, and we're weaving these partnerships together to more effectively ensure the region's hitting and stability and security. this network overall 'emonstrates the united states commitment to playing a pivotal role in the asia-pacific for decades to come. by operationalizing the rebalance and networking security of all the nations, including china, and by continuing to fly, sale, and operate wherever international law allows -- continuing to fly, wherever aperate loud we will continue to ensure the security of asia-pacific.

a pacific nation -- we are a pacific nation. our relationships and agreements and the military presence in the region have made us and asia-pacific stakeholder forever. china has also suggested that we separate the issues involved in the south china sea from our broader relationship, but the united states cannot do such a thing. china's actions their challenge than a mental principles, and we fundamentalallenge principles, and we cannot look the other way. i want to be clear, our vision for the future of the region is not at odds with the interest of china or any other country. indeed, we welcome the emergence of a peaceful state and prosperous china. inplays a responsible role world affairs. the u.s. does not seek confrontation with china or do we have many shared interests in a productive and broad relationship, including one

standing military to military ties, ties which i hope to strengthen. throught years confidence building measures and multilateral exercises like one this summer, we have made great in reducing the risk of miscalculations that can lead to crises. the u.s. and china have worked together on issues related to north korea's nuclear provocations, iran's nuclear program, climate change, and other things. we want to do more good things together, and we encourage and work with china to address these concerns. we will continue to stand by and stand up for every country that sees its future and its freedom of choice their end. we will continue to work towards greater cooperation. as we have done many times throughout our history, we will continue to stand strong and united within our country, amid our partners and allies, as we keep our eye on the long game

there. one of the keys to our essential and pivotal role in the asia-pacific, our security network there, and our relationship with china is our all ouryou, you, and sailors, marines, soldiers, and airmen. our people are the most important asset america has in the asia-pacific. right now, right now as we sit 5000 american men -- 365,000 american men and women in uniform are serving there, including nearly 100 9000 sailors and more than 77 thousand marines per unit critical the nab and wrinkle or are in this region, most of you will serve there, and operationalize as you move up the ranks. as you do, you will not only meet our nation's call, but the call of our allies and help

promote the principles that bind us together. one of the constant things that i hear in my travels, particularly in the asia-pacific, is how great our people are. me,s never a surprise to and it's a strategic advantage. you and all our people are the reasons why we have all the friends and allies around the world, and our adversaries don' t. the united states is one of the only countries to prepare and educate our military officers. you have been trained here to be leaders, ethical officers, to uphold our highest standards of honor and integrity. that is what i and the country expect from you. but you were also some of the finest young men and women america has to offer. you are why the united states remains a security partner of choice in the asia-pacific and

around the world. and why our circle of allies and partners continues to grow. most important, you are respectful of other people, and the citizens around the world that we partner with an fight with appreciate how you conduct yourselves. learned that you are intimidate, to course, or exclude, but instead that you inspire, cooperate, and include. to draw people in countries the united states, because each of you except your responsibilities with him as the midshipmen prayer says, a strong heart and a cheerful mind. you embody the values of this great country, the traditions of the navy, and the corps, and the words of the oath you are taking today. because of you, the united states will not only meet the

five challenges we are facing in russia, china, north korea, terrorism, especially i so, we will overcome those challenges. theill also grab hold of bright opportunities within our nation's, not only they should pacific -- not only in the asia-pacific around the world. it is said that security is like oxygen. when you have enough of it, you pay no attention to it. but when you don't have it, it is all you can think of. is a noble profession because each of you, your fellow soldiers and marines and all the soldiers and airmen, provide that oxygen. the security that allows millions upon millions of people, not just in america but so much of the world, to be safe , to raise their children, to dream their dreams, to live lives that are full. every day, our service members

put their lives on the line to do so. this is the commitment. some of you with family who have served or who have served, you saw it in your teachers and mentors here, and i see it in each of you today. and anew strategic era time of great change, the united states must and all of you will continue to ensure that ours is the finest fighting force the world has ever known. and you will continue to secure the civility, security, and prosperity that has meant so much to many around here -- here and around the world. how we renovate, change plan and operate an fight, but we will never change what we are willing to fight for -- our safety and interests for those of our friends and allies and the values and principles that have benefited so many for so long. because we do so, because each of you does so, the united

states will continue to meet the great responsibilities of our great nation. congratulations. [cheers and applause] in addition to the graduating iasses all over this planet, wish to be graduating to a world of peace and love. but that is not the case. we don't live in a very care -- we don't live in the fairytale, but i guess the 1% does. >> watch commencement speeches in their entirety, from business leaders like michael powell at pepperdine university, founder of oracle larry ellison at the

university of southern california, and maria contrary is, administrator of the small business administration at whittier college. >> you can count yourself what distinguishes you from others. we call it your unique value proposition. figuring out yours is key. >> senator jeff sessions at the university of alabama in huntsville, senator barbara boxer at the university of southern california berkeley. and to betrong courageous and to learn to stand for who you are and what you believe is the way that you have changed here. and will carry into the balance of your life. >> and white house officials. vice president joe biden at the university of notre dame. attorney general loretta lynch at spelman college. and president barack obama at rutgers university. i'm optimistic.

throughout our history a new generation of americans has affected the arc of history in the direction of more freedom and opportunity and more justice. and the class of 2016, it is your turn now to shape our nation's destination as well as your own, so get to work! >> commencement speeches this memorial day at noon eastern on c-span. >> a headline in "the washington post," in hiroshima, 70 one years after the first atomic strike, obama calling for the end of nuclear weapons. president obama became the first president to visit hiroshima 45.ce the attack in 19 they participated in a wreath laying ceremony and was embraced by survivors. we will have all of that at 8 p.m. eastern on c-span.

until then, here is part of the discussion on criminal justice reform. the directorx is of criminal justice policy group at the center for american progress. americans haveny you worked with? in threene americans. the barriers associated with this are lifelong. barriers to employment, education, housing. we have a new report that shows those barriers and those consequences with families and children's of those with criminal records. nearly one into american children have parents with a criminal record. the lifelong consequences for children are almost the same. income, savings, and the like. host: how did we get to the point where 100 million americans or so have criminal records. what type are included in these?

america has 4% of the world population and 20% of its prison population. we have 2.1 million folks in prison. it goes beyond that. we are the leader of arrests in the world. all of that associates with this notion that people have criminal records. theycould be minor, it could be considered serious matters. it is really be over criminalization of our criminal justice system. over policing and our communities. that has led us to this place. this,how did we get to over policing and mandatory minimum's? guest: the so-called war on drugs. four decades of trying to focus, with good intent, on trying to address and discouraged drugs. crack cocaine. some of they, policies -- the crime and of

1994, the disparities between crack and powder cocaine -- exacerbated the problem. we saw an increase of incarcerations in the federal system after the crime bill. that also became an example for states to follow and they also increase the number of folks they incarcerated. also look at prosecutors, the discussion they have to prosecute folks, sometimes low level folks, to get to more serious offenders. put the numbers up your we will be talking about criminal justice reform todd cox from the center of the american progress. the area code. 748-8000 four democrats. 748-8001 for republicans. 748-8002 for independents. we have a separate line.

if you have experience working in or as someone who has been arrested -- some experience with the criminal justice system -- we want to hear your explains as well. (202) 748-8003 -- we want to hear your experience as well. (202) 748-8003. in an op-ed on "the hill," you is 7.5 billion dollars, seven times what it was in the early 1980's and now takes up one quarter of the department of justice's budget. guest: it is a costly cannot afford to bear. the article is something we produce with one of our coalition partners, heart of the coalition of public safety. a right-left coalition. costs, the over incarceration, but also has cost to individuals and entire families. to fix this have

system, to direct our punishment to those who really deserve it. song there is a legislation moving through congress now. what is it and are you supportive? guest: we are. there is a bill called the sentencing reform act of 2015 that is in the senate. a bipartisan piece of legislation. it has a provision that focuses on sentencing reform. redirecting our mandatory minimums. reducing of them, in many cases. redirecting them towards people who need to be kept in prison. reducing them for nonviolent drug offenders. most importantly or equally important is prison reform. offering opportunities for folks who participate in regional edition programs a chance to be released early on during supervision and get reintroduced into society and get training. there is a companion sentencing

bill in the house. a companion prison reform bill that mirrors closely the senate version. there is another bill pending in both houses called the pair chance out -- fair chance act. that offers an opportunity to get at these barriers when it comes to criminal records. that would "ban the box," david federal employers and contractors to ask about criminal backgrounds until sometime later in the employment process, so you get a chance to actually qualify for the job am a without the bias of having a criminal record. after that point, they can ask and take that into consideration. host: you talked about the war on drugs and mandatory minimums of previous generations. is the pendulum swinging all the other way now? guest: in the sense that we are seeing bipartisan interest in , whereing the over swing

we have wrapped up people into the system that really should not be there. i think a lot of us are agree that judges should have some discretion. they should not be handcuffed, so to speak, in terms of how they sentence folks. an example -- one person who received a commutation recently sentences --tion probation sentences in the state, but then was taken on a federal charge. because of the prior probation sentences, received life in prison. the judge was regrettable. a lot of us think that the judge should have more choice. allow people to take a program to get off drugs or have a chance, other than being incarcerated, to get on with your life. the pendulum has swung too far in one direction. we at trying to swing it back to the point where we can protect

and keep the public safe and in so doing reduce prison costs. calls.et's take brian is in marlborough, massachusetts. i want to talk about a solution to a criminal justice. i think ending the drug war, legalizing drugs, and releasing every now and then drug offenders. since richard nixon proposed the drug war in the 1970's, it was proven to be a fraud. a richard nixon aide admitted about thewere lying drug's i was wondering about that. host: legalization of drugs. guest: my organization does not have a position on that, but i wanted to touch on one point which was that there was a recent accounting or discussing of a former aide of president nixon, saying the war on drugs was trumped up or done under the

impact thisg of would have on people of color. but we did not need that admission to know that impact. we know that a disproportionate people of prison, 60% in prison, are people of color. are 30 percentns of the population, a significant more amount in the prison population. the solution we are talking to amelioratened a lot of the problems we have identified. to your point, we know also the war on drugs has this impact someone has admitted. columbia,ael is in maryland. what is your experience with the criminal justice system? forer: i was a prosecutor ideas and was a public defender. so i had experience on both sides of this issue.

arehilosophy is when there laws, people need to abide by them. -- i amnal philosophy libertarian when it comes to drug use. if they were legal, i would not care. but when you take them -- when you know they are illegal and are taking part in it, there needs to be some punishment. the issue is that people want to not take personal responsibility. and now focusing on the offenders, we are not focusing on the victims. a lot of the crimes assisted who haveuse our people to deal with cars being broken into, neighborhoods being unsa fe. if someone is addicted, they area they are involved in. you focus on the people addicted to drugs and drug dealers, just because they are nonviolent, is

doing a disservice to victims. guest: no proposal is focusing exclusively on the offenders, so to speak, or the folks who are incarcerated. all of these proposals are designed to increase public safety. an example -- the council of public advisors in the white house produced a report that pointed out increasing the number of folks in prison does nothing to reduce crime. we are interested in making sure that communities are safe. communities that are, by and large, people of color, talking about situations where there is a great deal of concern about crime, we need to have systems and policies in place that ensure public safety. what these proposals do is redirect resources, redirect and toward minimums toward those who prison and away from nonviolent folks.

not saying that these folks will not get opportunities for rehabilitation or opportunities to somehow reintegrate into society, but not be put away for life, for example. when you are incarcerated, you do not get the opportunity you need in order to improve your life. we know prisons are incubators an enhanced criminal actor. host: prior to joining the american progress, he served in the obama administration. he has been a civil rights lawyer. a lawyer at doj. a graduate of princeton and university of penn law school. capitol heights, maryland, what is your experience in the criminal justice system? caller: good morning.

i find that we are not under a lawful system. it is the color of law. is guest, though he progressive, the main thing is the contract with foreign entities. the whole system is based on a fraud. they have to address the legal fiction. in have to keep your name up law case contacts. as long as you do that, they cannot violate your solvency. in a courtroom, the first thing you see is a flag with yellow ruffles. they are influencing maritime law when they are supposed to be implementing common law --

your point.k we got how you feel about the criminal justice system. what has been your experience with it? i maintain my solvency. the only thing that frightens me is legal fiction -- that threatens me is legal fiction. naturalthere as a person and they cannot address it. host: let's talk to david, a republican in new jersey. i have three quick points. my number one point is what in the world is over policing? this is a term liberals have come up with that make no sense. this guy is straight from the liberal playbook. "over policing" makes no sense.

my second point is all of these people like him -- and i grew up on the south side of chicago. my brother still lives there. i have relatives in birmingham, , and former in-laws in baltimore, maryland. i have been in three different byces that are just ravaged crime. one thing that is never said is all of these people like mr. cox that want to let all of these people out -- and i am black, just for the record -- they know none of these people, which they call low-level, are going to be living next to them. he does not live in these crime ravaged neighborhoods. they are going to be released, and they will make these neighborhoods, already reeling from crimes, make these communities worse. no thought whatsoever to that. he probably lives in his comfortable, middle-class suburban place with good school systems. he is never going to feel the

impact of this. my last point is when you talk about low-level drug dealers, if a drug dealer is on my block or next door to me, there is no such thing as a low-level drug dealer. this is criminal activity that will put people at risk, even for their lives -- host: let's get a response to over policing, low-level -- so-called "low-level" crime. , orwhere these criminals these former inmates, will live. over: in regard to policing, that is in reference to my own experience and experience of many where we as a society have made conscious choices as to where we concentrate our law enforcement and how we treat folks and that context. i live in the district of columbia, east of the river, so to speak. most of the river, a majority are very welly,

protected by the police. yet, those communities do not worry about being stigmatized or targeted as folks who live in those communities. on my side of the river, so to are securitylice officers in our schools. public defender, oftentimes, we would prosecute school fights. why are we prosecuting school fights? because the people breaking them up our lease offices. -- to criminalize what is normally a childhood activity. we talk about the school to prison pipeline. we put folks he would not normally be in the criminal justice system in that system and put them in a path to become more expert at being offenders and violators of our criminal laws. that is what we mean about over

policing. one example of communities being scrutinized simply because they are a committee were crime exists and are being scrutinized that is frankly in a way that is not fair. with those released from prison, interested in safety of a we are part of a coalition called the coalition of public safety. our top priority is ensuring public safety to the way you do that is by prioritizing resources to those who would cause the most harm to our communities. the way you also do that is ensure at the back and that when people have the opportunity to come out of prison -- and people will, out of prison. 600,000 people will be released regardless of what happens on justice reform -- when they come out of prison, they have to receive opportunities for rehabilitation and for education. the president has taken steps to allow held grants be available

to those pursuing college. the -- we also have to take down barriers to education and housing. if someone has a job, we know that reduces the possibility for recidivism. studies prove them. same for housing. people coming out of prison have rehabilitative services, if they are addicted to drugs. there are wraparound services that make sure that continues after they are released. it is a complete package we need to consider. we should be careful not to stigmatized and entire population based on experiences. in west hartland, connecticut. what has been your experience with the criminal justice system? yes.r: i am a first time caller, first of all. about nineed was years ago, i was arrested for dui. what happened was because i held

a cdl license, a blood alcohol level of .04 is considered over the limit. i was arrested. i went to court. my lawyer said i needed $10,000 to take the case to court. the point.ave it at he says we will give you a deal. they sent me to jail for 72 days. i went to jail. i was in there less than 30 days. they had a program in the prison had tothat people explain what they did. i told them i had a .0 four average, but i held a cdl -- i was laughed at in the whole criminal justice system. the following day, the warden called me and says if you can find somebody to pick you up, we

can send you home. -- host: we have the story a little. what do you think about criminal justice reform? caller: something has to be done. right now -- that is why i am talking to you now. i am stuck here at home. i cannot leave the house. cannot do anything. if i do, i will end up going to jail. i went to my old employers. they would love to give me my job back, but without the cdl license, i cannot even get there to work. -- host: we got the point. any reaction? guest: that points to the need that we take care of these barriers to reentry. one in three folks have a criminal record. that kerry's lifelong barriers, in terms of opportunity to get a education, and housing.

the administration has taken some steps to make sure federal employers and agencies are not asking the question about criminal background until some point in the process. we also have to look at licensing as the caller mentioned. -- offered to folks to do certain things. we have people trained to be barbers in prison but cannot be a license to be a barber externally. we have to look at all of those employment barriers. make sure folks have an >> wednesday and thursday, june journal""washington will be live on the u.s.-mexico border to talk about immigration and trade issues. look at immigration with the managing director and editor of breitbart tech. he talks about the flow of

illegal immigration, as well as the efforts to cover the security and immigration aspects. and that a local immigration lawyer will discuss practicing immigration law in the area, who she represents, along with looks regarding -- along with books regarding the issue. and a look at the drug cartels in mexico, including the funneling of humans in narcotics. a reporter's journey through a country in darkness. a trade reporter with "the san antonio express" will discuss the flow across the border. a congressman will also join us to talk about how trade benefits laredo and country. and then the state director for the texas fair trade coalition looks at how the trade deal took jobs from southern texas to mexico and how it hurt mexicans as well. be sure to watch "washington

journal," beginning live at 7 a.m. eastern june 1 and 2 >> next, president obama speaks at the hiroshima memorial in japan. then japanese prime minister of abe speaks. then, donald trump at a campaign rally in san diego. president barack obama has paid tribute to the people killed in when the u.s. dropped an atomic bomb in 1945. peace memorial park, the president laid a wreath at the memorial. then he met with hiroshima survivors. this is about 40 minutes.

president obama: 71 years ago on a bright, cloudless morning death fell from the sky and the world was changed. a flash of light and a wall of

fire destroyed a city and demonstrated that mankind possess the means to destroy itself. why do we come to this place, to hiroshima? we come to ponder a terrible force unleashed in a not so distant past. we come to mourn the deaths, including over 100,000 japanese men, women, and children. thousands of koreans, a dozen americans. their souls speak to us. they ask us to look inward, take

stock of who we are and what we might become. it is not the fact of war that sets hiroshima apart. artifacts tell us that violent conflict appeared with the very first man. our early ancestors had been learning to make blades from flint and spears from wood, use these tools not just for hunting, but against their own kind. on every continent, the history of civilization is filled with war, whether driven by scarcity of grain or hunger for gold, compelled by nationalist fervor or religious zeal. empires have risen and fallen. peoples have been subjugated and

liberated and at each junction, innocents have suffered. a countless toll, their names forgotten by time. the world war that reached its brutal and in hiroshima and nagasaki was among the wealthiest and most powerful of nations. their civilizations have given the world great cities and magnificent arts. they are thinkers with advanced ideas of justice and harmony and truth. and yet, the war grew out of the same base instinct for domination, for conquest that had caused conflicts among the

simplest tribes. an old pattern, amplified by new capabilities and without new constraints. in the span of a few years, some 60 million people would die. men, women, children. no different than us. shot, beaten, marched, bombed, jailed, starved, gassed to death. there are many sites around the world that chronicle this war, memorials that tell stories of courage and heroism, empty camps that echo unspeakable depravity. yet in the image of a mushroom cloud that rosen to these guys, -- rose into these skies, we are most starkly reminded of humanities core contradiction,

how the very spark that marks us as a species, our thoughts, our imagination, our language, our toolmaking, our ability to set ourselves apart from nature and bend it to our will. those very things also give us the capacity for unmatched destruction.

how often does material advancement or social innovation blind us to this truth? how easily we learn to justify violence in the name of some higher cause. every great religion promises a pathway to love and peace and righteousness, and yet no religion has been spared from believers who have claimed their fate -- faith is a license to kill. nations arise telling us stories that bind people together in sacrifice and cooperation,

allowing for remarkable feats, but those same stories have so often been used to oppress and dehumanize those who are different. science allows us to communicate across the seas and fly above the clouds, cure disease, and understand the cosmos, but those same discoveries can be turned into ever more efficient killing machines. the wars of the modern age teach us this truth. hiroshima teaches this truth. technological process without an equivalent progress in human institutions can doom us. the scientific revolution that led to the splitting of an atom requires a moral revolution as well. that is why we come to this place. we stand here in the middle of

this city and force ourselves to imagine the moment the bomb fell. we forced ourselves to feel the dread of children confused by what they see. we listened to a silent cry. we remember all the innocence killed across the arc of that terrible war and the wars that came to four. and the wars that would follow. mere words cannot give voice to such suffering. but we have a shared responsibility to look directly into the eyes of history and asked what we must do differently to curb such suffering again. someday the voices will no longer be with us to bear

witness. but the memory of the morning of august 6, 1945 must never fade. that moment allows us to fight complacency. it fuels our moral imagination. it allows us to change. since that fateful day, we have made choices that give us hope. the united states and japan forged not only an alliance, but a friendship that has won far more for our people than we could ever claim through war. the nations of europe build a union that replaced battlefields with bonds of commerce and democracy.

oppressed peoples and nations won liberation. an international community established institutions and treaties that worked to avoid war, and aspire to restrict and rollback, and ultimately eliminate the existence of nuclear weapons. still, every act of a russian -- aggression between nations that we see around the world shows our work is never done. we may not be able to eliminate man's capacity to do evil.

some nations and the alliances we form must possess the means to defend ourselves. among those nations like my own that hold nuclear stockpiles, we must have the courage to escape illogical fear and pursue a world without it. we may not realize this goal in my lifetime. a persistent effort can roll back the possibility of catastrophe. we can chart a course that leads to the destruction of these stockpiles. we can stop the spread to new nations and secure deadly materials from fanatics. and yet that is not enough. what we see around the world today how even the crudest rifles and barrel bombs can serve up violence on a terrible

scale. we must change our mindset about war itself to prevent conflicts through deployments, and strive to end conflicts after they have begun. to see our growing interdependence as a cause for peaceful cooperation and nonviolent competition. to define our nations not by our capacity to destroy, but by what we built. perhaps above all, we must reimagine our connection to one

another as members of one human race. this too is what makes our species unique. we are not bound by genetic code to repeat the mistakes of the past. we can learn. we can choose. we can tell our children a different story, one that describes a common humanity, something that makes war less likely, and cruelty less easily

accepted. we see these stories of the woman who forgave a pilot who flew a plane that job the atomic bomb because she recognized what we -- what she really hated was war itself. the man who sought out families of americans killed here because he believes their loss was equal to his own.

my own nation's story began with simple words. all men are created equal, and endowed by our creator with certain unalienable -- in alienable rights, including life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. realizing that ideal has never

been easy, even within our own borders, even among our own citizens. but staying true to that story is worth the effort. it is my deal -- an ideal to be strived for, an ideal that spans across continents and oceans. the irreducible work of every person, the insistence that every life is precious. the radical unnecessary notion that we are part of a single human family. that is the story that we all must tell. that is why we come to hiroshima. that we might think of people we love, the first smile from our children in the morning, the gentle touch from a spouse over the kitchen table, the comforting embrace of a parent. that is the story we all must tell. that is why we come to hiroshima. so that we might think of people that we love, the first smile

from our children in the morning, the gentle touch of a spouse over the kitchen table, the comforting embrace of apparent, we can think of those things and know that those same pressures comments took place here -- precious moments took place here 71 years ago. those who died, they are like us, ordinary people understand this, i think. they do not want more war. they would rather that the wonders of science be focused on improving life and not eliminating it. when the choices made by nations, when the choices made by leaders reflect this simple wisdom, then the lesson of hiroshima is done. the world was forever changed here, but today, the children of this city will go through their day in peace. what a precious thing that is. it is worth attacking -- protecting, and then extending to every child. that is a future we can choose, a future in which hiroshima and nagasaki are known not as the dawn of atomic warfare, but as the start of our own moral awakening. [applause] >> at the 70th anniversary of

russia i visited the united states. as promised her at the time, i spoke to the u.s. congress. that's more deprived many american youngsters of their futures. reflecting upon, i offered my paternal condolences -- my eternal condolences. i expressed gratitude and respect for all the people in

both japan and the united states. they have been committed to reconciliation for the past 70 years. 70 years later, these nations who fought each other have become friends bonded. they have become allies with trust and friendship deepened between us. the japan-u.s. alliance which came into the world has to be an alliance for hope for the world. one year has passed since then.

president obama for the first time as leader of the united states, he has visited hiroshima, the city which suffered the atomic bomb. witnessing the atomic bombings, and renewing his determination for a world free of nuclear weapons. this gives me hope that people

all around the world have never given up their hoped-for a world without nuclear weapons. which has been awakened -- but all the japanese people. i express my sincere respects for the victims and encourage president obama. we are opening a new chapter to the reconciliation of japan. and in our history of trust and friendship. a few minutes ago, together, i and president obama offered our deepest condolences for all those who lost their lives during world war ii and in the atomic bombings. 71 years ago in hiroshima and nagasaki, a great number of citizens lives were ended. many children and many citizens. dreams and beloved family. when i reflect on this fact, i

cannot help but feel painful grief. even today, there are victims who are still suffering from the bombings. those who went through immeasurable tragedy, indeed in this city, 71 years ago it is unthinkable. but of those, this must be in common, that any place in the world, this tragedy must not be

repeated again. it is the responsibility of us to live in the present, to inherit this deep feelings. we are determined to realize a world free of nuclear weapons, no matter how long and how difficult the road will be. it is the responsibility of us to live in the president -- present, to make efforts.

children who were born on that unforgettable day to make every effort, bowing for this light. this is the responsibility of this world to live in the present. we will fulfill our responsibility. a light for hope for the people in the world. together with president obama. in hiroshima and nagasaki.

i am convinced of this. [applause] [captions copyright national

announcer: the president was in japan to attend the g-8 summit event that was held there. minister delivered remarks where he discussed the economy, the threat of extremism, and russia. afterwards, he took questions from reporters. this is about 25 minutes. prime minister abe: [speaking japanese] >> and now, japan's prime minister abe will give his

remarks. i am going to start off i by expressing in my capacity as japanese prime minister a heartfelt welcome to everyone who came here from around the world. the beautiful inlet, abundant nature, delicious food from the sea and land. my hope is that everyone was able to fully enjoy japan's homegrown features. the shrine's solemn and pristine air always makes me feel as if my posture is more straightened. the shrine has offered prayers for a bountiful harvest, for

people'sd for happiness for 2000 years. today's peace and prosperity were built based on all of these prayers given by people. and it is here at that shrine where the g7 summit started this year. we come together because of shared beliefs and shared responsibilities. now, 41 years ago, when faced with a global economic crisis, the oil shock, our predecessors met at the chateau in france and agreed to a historical policy coronation. today's peace and prosperity is the result of the belief that

our predecessors had that the future can be changed, and that they can tackle challenges together. today's peace and prosperity must be handed down in tact to our children and grandchildren. in order for us to do so, those of us who are here today cannot shy away from the issues that we face. we must work together in tandem to overcome these issues. freedom, democracy, human rights, and the rule of law, these are basic values that are shared by the g7. since leading global peace and prosperity to date, the g7 has a major responsibility. the world faces many issues.

but there is clear determination to cooperate and address these issues that we have confirmed with our g7 friends and have stated to the world here, loud and clear. our biggest topic was the world economy. with the decline in stock markets worldwide, in less than a year, more than 1500 trillion yen of assets have been lost. although some recovery has been made recently, and there is relative stability, there is still a great deal of murkiness that is agitating global markets. and the reason for that, the biggest risk comes from the fact

that the emerging economies are starting to show a slowdown. in the 21st century, the global economy has been driven by the growth and vitality of these emerging economies. when the lehman brothers and triggered a global economic crisis, the recovery was led by steady growth in emerging economies. so, they have served as an engine for the world economy. however, these emerging economies, over the last year, are showing a sudden slowdown. and steel, as well materials andcts,

agricultural products, prices over the last year have fallen over 50%. this decline is comparable to what was observed in the aftermath of the lehman brothers collapse. it has been a big blow to resource-rich countries and emerging economies that are dependent on agricultural and materials industries. investment, which drives growth, is also on the decline. last year, investment growth in emerging economies fell to a new low, a level lower than when the lehman brothers collapsed. it was also the first time since the lehman shock that there was a negative influx of capital to emerging economies. in addition, in china, excessive planned infrastructure and growing underperforming loans as well as other structural

issues in the emerging economies remain unaddressed. the situation could become aggravated. against this backdrop, global economy growth last year was the worst level since the lehman shock. this year, as well, global growth continues to be revised downwards. the developed economies have suffered from pervasive lack of demand over the last few years, and have been hurt by deflationary pressure. but now, with the slowdown of emerging economies worldwide, demand is stagnant. the most serious concern is a contraction of the global economy. global trade started to decline

since the second half of 2014. it declined by close to 20%, which was a decline not seen since the lehman shock. chinese imports declined 14% last year. it fell a further 12% this year, meaning that there is risk that the decline in global demand could become prolonged. however, becoming pessimistic over these issues will not help. g7, i madet of this it a point to spend the most time to discuss global economic issues not to be pessimistic. we must be able to objectively and accurately understand the

risk that we face. we must have a shared understanding of the risk, otherwise we will not be able to work together and resolve the issue. many g7 members share the recognition and the strong sense of urgency that the world economy faces the risk of falling into a crisis the on the usual cycle, if we fail to respond properly. we also agreed that -- places a role by coordinating monetary, fiscal, and structural policies and to take three-pronged and to take three-pronged approach on economics, emerging

economies show a sign of weakness. "abenomics" must be expanded worldwide. andgreed to expand tpp other programs to the world, a free and fair economic program. everyone, including women, to build a potential and the necessary steps of the international health, including emergency health responses will be a basis for world sustainable growth, in order to support growth in

developing countries and raise demand worldwide. while the infrastructure investment must be under general beeniples, this has formulated as an initiative. as chair of this summit meeting, japan will be on the front line to take these actions, in order to contribute to the global economy. every policy response must be mobilized, in order to further value "abenomics." what should be done including whether the consumption tax rate increases, we need to consider and identify necessary measures

to be taken, before the upcoming elections of the summer. as we share universal values, we g7 has an important role to play to protect world peace and stability. violent extremism is a threat to all humanity. our new action plan is to ensure that terrorists will have no place to hide. and prevent terrorism financing. it is a major step forward for the international community to fight terrorism together. we also agreed to take stronger global supports to address the root cause of the massive role of the refugees to europe.

we also steadfastly share the principal that all conflicts must be solved peacefully and through diplomatic measures and through international law. ,ithout using force or coercion anywhere in the world, freedom of the ocean must be guaranteed. tolerate any to unilateral action and call for peaceful measures, including judicial proceedings and therefore implementation. we are also convinced that the conflict in ukraine can be solved only through peaceful and

diplomatic means and international law. g7 calls for all parties concerned to take specific steps to solve the situation peacefully, under the agreement. we also call for russia to play a constructive role, in order to address all issues that the international community faces. it is therefore important to maintain necessary dialogue with president putin, in order to realize peace and stability in syria. condemn, in the strongest

terms, the north korean nuclear testing in january. and the ballistic missile tests. we therefore strongly demand that north korea will comply immediately and fully with all relevant united nations security council resolutions. and to work upon international concerns immediately, including foreign nationals. we g7 reaffirmed once again our strong determination for nuclear disarmament and nonproliferation in order to realize a world free of nuclear weapons. realizing the world free of nuclear weapons is not easy, however we share the strong will

to move forward, hand in hand. after the conclusion of this meeting, i am going to visit hiroshima, where a nuclear bomb was dropped, together with president obama of the united states. and in hiroshima, we will express our condolences to all victims of the use of nuclear weapons, and send to the world the information on the impact of the use of the atomic bomb. and i believe that will be a strong step forward to realize a new use of nuclear.

the tragedy that happened and realize a world free of nuclear weapons. and we today have the responsibility to make sure that the tragedy will not be repeated. we also must build a better world for our children and grandchildren. and for future generations. i believe that this summit was an essential summit, where this determination was reaffirmed by g7 leaders. id to take further actions, conclude this statement by expressing my sincere appreciation. without their cooperation, this successful summit meeting would

not have been possible. thank you very much. japanese] >> now we have a q&a with reporters. i am from tv tokyo. this is the first g7 summit in asia in eight years. there are many security issues, in asia, including the south china sea. were those issues communicated accurately to the european leaders? in terms of the world economy, you compared today's situation to after the collapse of the lehman brothers. i understand that a contraction of the global economy is a concern, but is this a crisis level, in terms of the risk of

this escalating into a crisis is serious as the lehman brothers shock, how serious is that, what is the probability, and what will japan do? this summiter abe: is the first time in eight years for asian issues, europe is certainly far away. for security issues, they may not be well understood by the european leaders. perhaps some of you may feel that way. so, of course, this summit which is being hosted in japan, when it comes to the south china sea and north korea issues, it was a great opportunity to explain to the european leaders how serious

asia hasity issue in become. i think they understood. as for the situation in the south china sea, we talked about the three principles of maritime law. and the shangri-la dialogue. meaning that any claims in maritime areas should be done in international law. force, or threat of force, should not be used to push through one's claims. and peaceful means should be the main way to resolve disputes. so, these three principles i touted. and world leaders agreed, the g7 leaders agreed with me. as for north korea, the nuclear testing in january of this year , as well as the repeated testing of ballistic missiles

following that, was a situation i explained. the g7 agrees that we cannot tolerate or accept north korea's nuclear program, and we agreed to closely coordinate, so that we could hold north korea to its previous commitment. i also explained the definition of the abduction issue for us. the g7 leaders expressed a concern about japan's abduction issue. and it has been clearly incorporated to our communique. since we were not able to present the crisis that followed the collapse of the lehman brothers, we are not optimistic on the outlook of the global economy.

however, it is imperative that we have an accurate understanding of the risks, in order for us to address the situation. from that point of view, the g7 had a debate about the world economy. and we agreed that we are confronted by a major risk. in order for us to confront this major risk, we agreed to ring in -- bring in all available measures, so we could shore up growth around the world. and the g7 would collaborate in tackling this issue. this has taken the form of the shima initiative, which is a robust collection of policies. we will continue to promote structural reform and other economic policies and fiscal policies, in order for us to

drive demand around the world. infrastructure, environmental, energy, digital, and economic, as well as human talent development and science and technology, in these various areas, we will invest further in both the private and public sector. based on this g7 agreement here in japan, we will bring in policies from all areas, including fiscal policies, so that we can further strengthen the three areas of economics. >> isabel reynolds, from bloomberg. you have mentioned several times the importance of trade and economic growth.

how confident are you that tpp will be ratified in its current form? and will you do that in the japanese parliament? are you satisfied with the language in the g7 communique about steel oversupply, which has particularly been blamed on china? on the tpp,er abe: it is important for all countries concerned and the proceduresomestic ve to be promoted and agreed

upon. the tpp will provide an opportunity for the japanese economy to grow in the medium and long-term. it will also strengthen economic ties of members. tpp, therefore, has strategic effects. must beefits of the tpp realized sooner, so that i would like to promote the necessary procedures at the parliament of japan. and internationally, i would like to play a leading role internationally to raise the necessary climate for this. and now the question has been raised concerning the oversupply of steel in china. and this has brought down the international price level of steel. and this has also caused major concerns, in terms of employment

and other situations. and the reduction of the controlling of the output of the steel has been taken, but the steps have not been sufficient enough. such control measures have not been effective. as long as this overcapacity is left unattended. so, we g7 members share this concern. so, the function of the markets have to be improved. and the markets' distorting measures have to be eliminated. and taking the venues of oecd and others who we need to promote the dialogue with china

and others, this has been good. statement,n the which is significant. announcer: c-span's washington journal live every day with news and policy issues that impact you. coming up saturday morning, politics editor for the washington examiner will discuss the donald trump candidacy, following an associated press analysis that he now has support 123738, just above the nomination needed to clinch it. s nominationy' convention in orlando. and paul ryan's role in the process. and a professor at johns hopkins international studies school will talk about the killing of a

leader of the taliban in afghanistan. and the continued efforts by the iraq military to take falluja. and we will talk about what is next in the fight of terrorists. and the energy and environment act thatdiscusses the we the first to overhaul the chemical standards, the first in a decade. the substance control act of 1976, mr. cama will discuss the provisions in the bill and advise the epa. it is expected to pass the senate after the memorial day recess and be signed by washington. join the discussion. >> now, republican presidential candidate donald trump speaks in a campaign rally in san diego. he has been touring california in advance of the presidential primary in that state on june 7. this is about an hour and 20 minutes.

♪ mr. trump: what a crowd. this is unbelievable. unbelievable. cameras, turnover here. turnover here, cameras. they never want to show the crowds we get. this is a movement, folks. this is a big, beautiful movement. and no other republican would say this. but we will play for california. we will win california. you watch. nobody else can get this. i want to thank everybody. amazing. i want to thank sarah palin and all of the people that came here. and the speeches they made today. i really appreciate it. this is unbelievable. i don't know how big this room is. but this is a lot of people.

thank you. [laughter] so, yesterday, we had a very big day. you saw that, right? 1237, we reached it. putked hillary cannot bernie sanders away. 17, we will go all the way. we will make america great again. it is going to happen. going to happen. [laughter] i want to thank you very much. i love san diego. i love the people of san diego. vets. our where are our vets? who are the vets for trump? where are these guys? can we get them up here? we love them. come on up here, fellas.

good-looking guys. look at this guy. we got a lot of power here. army! >> usa, usa, usa, usa! mr. trump: wow! so, i got a call from darrell. he said, donald, i endorse you 100%. and those are the people i remember. i like it.

darrell, thank you. where is darrell? i appreciate it. duncan, thank you very much. right from the beginning. you better vote for these guys. we are never letting them go. i will tell you why. nobody likes our vets. and we are going to cherish, take care of our vets. on tuesday, we are announcing -- you know, when i skipped the speech with fox -- and i like fox but he did not treat me very well -- i did a little speech. and i have been doing this before this. i said maybe we can raise the money for the vets, rihght? i said we would raise half $1 million. i said maybe we could do more. i said maybe we can do $1 million. and a couple of my friends from las vegas, carl icahn, we have

so many different -- mike perlmutter. between half a million and $1 million. i said $3 million. maybe we'll get it up to $5 billion. maybe we will get up to $6 million. and we raised more than five and a half million dollars. for the vets. [laughter] and i never got such battle was the them i like. it is unbelievable. we give to many groups. many groups. it is pretty close to $6 million we raise. it is for our veterans. we love them. there is nobody like them. it will take care of them. we're going to build our military. by the way, bigger, better, stronger than ever before. but a big part of that is that we are going to take care of our veterans, for the first time in a long time. we love our vets.

thank you very much, fellas. we appreciate it. and he is not a vet. thank you, everybody. phil, don. [indiscernible] vet,rump: we have a great world war ii. he looks like a young guy. point them out. he is in the front row. beautiful. thank you, thank you very much. fantastic. women pilots, that is what i

like. thank you. [laughter] [laughter] this is been amazing. we just left fresno. we had a crowd that was just magnificent. really, we are going to win the state of california. because people are tired. people are tired of the hillary clintons of the worlds. it is all talk, no action. it is crooked hillary. same stuff. our country cannot take another four years of obama. that is what you will be getting. i tell you. i mean, just take a look at the airports, take a look at what is going on with our military, that we love. we cannot be isis. we are going to be them quickly. we're going to knock the hell out of them. we should not have been there in the first place. but we will be going, and we

will have to rebuild our country. we spent $5 trillion in the middle east. and right now, we have absolutely nothing for it. if we would not have spent $.10, we would've been better off. believe me, we will rebuild our country, our military. we will take care of our needs, including our vets. and we are going to bring it back, phone. it is what happened quickly. and we're going to build the wall. the wall, we're going to build the wall. we're going to build the wall. latinos for trump! i love you. build the wall. >> build the wall, build the wall, build the wall! mr. trump: thank you. oh, we are going to build it. and if we do not, we will get

papa to do it. he is the big guy in town. he employs a lot of people, lots of jobs, lots of education, health care. we love them. thank you. so, we have had an exciting time. onn started this journey june 16, not so long ago, almost a year, hard to believe, i have to say we have been on the cover of "time" magazine. it is really about the movement. we have created a movement. it is a movement of common sense, smart, not going to be ripped off anymore. get him out of here. get them out. [booing] way,omebody said, by the why are you going to san diego? why are you going to california?

you already won the primary. you don't have to go. i said, very simply, because i said i would go. i have to be here, right? [laughter] i love you, i love you. and i love san diego. i have some new friends in san diego. i love san diego. and i really like when they put up latinos for trump. we are going to do great with the latinos. because i am bringing back jobs the latinos, african-americans -- we are doing great with african-americans. they want jobs. we are losing our jobs to everybody. we are being taken advantage of the world. we are losing our jobs to everybody. we are going to bring back jobs like we have not seen in this country for many, many decades. and people that are not doing well, they are going to start doing very, very well. believe me. ok.

june 16, i came down the escalator with my wife, malania. seen,, wow, i have never outside of the academy awards, this kind of press. but look at what we have today. mostly live cameras. some of the most dishonest people in the universe. [booing[ some of the worst people. [booing] don't you take those cameras and spin them around a bit. show them. take them. spin them around. they don't want to do that. that is why i love my protesters. because the only time they show how big our crowds are, the only time, is when there is a protester. that is something they think. but i love our protesters,

right? [applause] escalator.down the and i made a speech. and if you noticed, that is my notes for the speech. we go free from. we don't want to prompt her'ser, right? we ought to have a law. if you're running for president, you should not use teleprompters. we have a teleprompter guy, we don't need that. we don't need that. so, i started talking about illegal immigration. tremendous problem. i don't think it's a be a problem that would even be discussed, frankly, if we did not do it and put it as part of our campaign. and we talked about bad trades, really bad trades. we are losing $500 billion a year with china. we are losing $58 billion a year

with mexico. we are losing over $100 billion a year with japan. and every single country, no matter what -- name a country -- we lose. we do not win anymore. we're going to start winning. with trade, military. we are going to start winning again. [applause] now, our president is right now, you are right. pathetic. [booing] honestly, folks, we have leadership right now in this country, especially at the top, that is grossly incompetent. they do not know what the hell they are doing. they do not know what they are doing. so i thought, this is japan, in hiroshima, and that is fine. this is long as he does not apologize, absolutely fine. who cares? but he said today that our

trading partners, and countries that we have relationships with, they're rattled. and i said, so good. and a very, very powerful guy, a very great guy, i will not use his name but most of you know, i saw him last week. knows everybody. highly respected. he said donald, i have no idea this would happen. but i'm being called by all of these countries, germany, japan, saudi arabia, think of it. we defend these countries. and they do not pay us what they are supposed to be doing. germany, saudi arabia, japan, south korea, many others. then you look at the nato countries -- 28 total. many of them are not living up to obligations. so, we have common sense. we have visibility. what happens is this. he said, i cannot believe it.

i did not like your rhetoric. and i happen to be a nice person, folks. i would get along so great with these countries. i would get along so great. but you know what? they are our friends, allies. but they have been abusing us. they have been abusing us. 40 years ago, when they could've done whatever we wanted, we own $19 trillion. it is going up to $21 trillion because of the omnibus budget, which was not so good. that is the budget that allows people to come in from syria, people across the border, fund obamacare, which we should not have done. [booing] because we will terminate obamacare and replace it, believe me, with something good. [applause] believe me. repeal and replace obamacare. so, this man said, donnell, i cannot believe it. and he is like the biggest of the big.

he said i disagreed with your style. i really did. i disagreed. and yet, now all the countries are calling. how do we get along with trump? we think he is going to win. how do we do it? they are not going to take it vantage. no more, folks. we have had enough. no more. so, the press is dishonest. and what they say, and what i say, is very different. i watched hillary clinton last night, which is hard to do because you the very boring speaker. say, i will not say because it is not politically correct. it is not a nice thing to say. but i will not say it. that she shouts into the microphone, and it drives everybody crazy. so, i will not say that. but i found it very hard to watch. and then she lives. es. now, i called someone a liar.

i don't say that anymore. that person is now in the past. with hillary, we say cricket hillary. word,have to add another because i never thought of this for last night, she was saying armed with japan nuclear weapons. i never said. she said i love the dictator in north korea. i don't love them. bad guy, ok? bad guy. she was saying all sorts of things, so bad and so false, total lies. we are not want to let her get away with it. we are not going to let her get away. watch what i do say. we do have tremendous deficits. we are losing a fortune. our jobs picture is terrible. do not believe the 5%. the real number is at least 20%. when you look for a job, and i can tell people -- raise your hands. look at the size of his room.

packed to every corner. you know what? people in the polls love me on security. and there's nothing more important than national security. they love me. honestly, we would not have kraus like this -- it is everywhere we go. they're as big as the room. there are thousands of people outside the cannot get in. ok? and it is not like, you know, friday afternoon. you could be doing something else, i guess? right? are these the greatest places trump rallies?li the [applause] and by the way, the safest place to be in this country is in a donald trump rally. that, i can tell you. [applause] and we are going to take care of everybody. not just the people in this room. not just what the people in this room represent, which is largely love.

because it is love. we are going to take care of everybody. including people that do not know if they like the people in this room. because we are going to unify our country. we are when you take care of hispanics, get jobs, take care of the african-americans who are really suffering in this country. and hillary clinton cannot do a damn thing for them. and she never will. and guess what? she does not want to. ok? she could not care less. so, it has worked out beyond what we thought. july,e supposed to be, in in cleveland fighting for our lives. and i say, what you talking about? we're going to win on the first ballot, right? [applause] now, i did not know it was when to go this quickly. look at the cameras, they turned because they found a protester. look at those cameras, those

bloodsuckers. they found a protester. thank you, protester. thank you, protester. thank you. get him out. get them out. get them the hell out of here. [applause] it is always funny. usually, they are just singles. you know, mom kicked them out of the house for a week. they are usually single. you can never hear them. but what you year are people saying get them out. my people make so much noise. it is true. so, let me just tell you, bernie sanders has been great. we like bernie. i like bernie. you know why? he does not have a chance. and what he is doing to her is incredible. because the system is rate against bernie. if you ever notice, he wins,

wins. thesetch the pundits, guys, the dishonest ones. they say he cannot i have to say our system was rigged, too, except for one thing. if you win by massive landslides every week, it is no longer rigged. it is like the boxers. that is what happened. the system was not meant for me to come in as an outsider that built a great company. i built a great, great company. when i filed -- in fact, papa doug knows when i filed my papers, over 100 pages in federal elections, and i filed. tremendous company, tremendous iconic assets. unbelievable cash flow. very little debt. makes a lot of money. and they were so unhappy to see it. but i say it for a different reason. i started off, by the way, with a $1 million loan and have a net

worth of much more than $10 billion. i don't even want it. all i want to say is this is the kind of thinking we need to straighten out this mess they have given us in our great country. this is the thinking we need. this is what we need. so let me tell you a little bit about san diego, because we are talking about a rigged system, right? i have to say this. i was told, laura said don't do that. we are going to win. but san diego is special for a lot of reasons. some of my best friends live here. you may have the best weather on earth. i have always heard it. i have always heard it. we have a couple of minutes. does everybody have a little time? [cheers and applause] so i end up with a lawsuit, and it ends up in san diego in federal court. it is a disgrace the way the federal court is acting, because it is a simple lawsuit.

everybody that took the so-called course. trump university is in san diego. the trial, they wanted it to start while i am running for president. the trial is going to take place sometime in november. there should be no trial. this should have been dismissed on summary judgment easily. everybody says it, but i have a judge who is a hater of donald trump. a hater. he's a hater. his name is gonzalo cuiial. and he is not doing the right thing. and i figure what the hell? why not talk about it for two minutes. should i talk about it? yes? [cheers and applause] so we should have won. i am being railroaded. here is the story. very simple story. a number of years ago, a long time ago now, i open up a little school. we called it trump university, changed the name. we had probably -- a lot of people, like 10,000 people.

hugh, did you like it? she said she was there, and she liked it. here is the story. so we open up, and it really was successful from the beginning. then we get these class action lawyers. they immediately sue. my people did a good job for a couple of reasons. one of the reasons was they had everybody that took the course sign like a report card. we had 10 people. -- 10,000 people. almost that many signed a report card. and the report cards are unbelievable. without that, it is their word versus these people or me. but i am getting railroaded by a legal system, and frankly they should be ashamed. i will be here in november. hey, if i win as president, it is a civil case. i could have settled this case numerous times. but i don't want to settle cases when we are right. i don't believe in it. when you start settling cases,

do you know what happens? everybody sues you because you get known as a settler. one thing about me, i am not known as the settler. and people understand with this whole thing, with this whole deal with the lawyers, class action lawyers are the worst. it is a scam. here is what happens. we are in front of a very hostile judge. the judge was appointed by barak obama. he should recuse himself. he has given us ruling after ruling, negative. i have a top laura who said he has never seen anything like this before. so what happens is we get sued. we have a magistrate named william gallo who truly hates us. the good news is it is a jair trial. but we can even

get a full jury. we are entitled to a jury, and we want a jury of 12 peer. first of all, it should be dismissed. watch how we when it because i have been treated unfairly. very much like with the veterans, where i raised all that money, but on tuesday i am announcing all of the groups we have given almost $6 million to. you turn things around. here is the story. we have a law firm named robin skeller. it is the spin-off of two law firms. two of those partners went to jail for an extended period of time for doing very bad things legally. this same group is the lawyers against. what happens is the judge, who happens to be mexican, which is great. i think that is fine. i think the mexicans are going to end up loving donald trump when i give all these jobs. i think they are going to love

. i think they are going to love me. here is what happens. we get sued by a woman, and she turns out to be a disaster for them. her name is tarla markov. she rated on the report card, it is 1-5. five being excellent, the highest mark. she gave me a five across the board, all fives. she then did a video saying it was fantastic, the most glowing video you have ever seen. she then sued me because they she wanted her money back. she was such a disaster that this judge -- it was her against us. she was such a disaster that this judge allowed her to get out of the case. but we want her to be in the case. the lawyer said your honor, we want her to be in the case. he said she is out of the case. so now we have others. we say dismiss the case. she is out of the case. no, we won't dismiss it.

so we have 10,000 servers from former students given trump university rave reviews. it is called, www.98percentapproval.com. so we have makov giving us these great numbers. then we have another one. bob. they used him. jeb bush, low energy. we have these guys making commercials. in all fairness, it hasn't hurt me much. every once in a while, you have one. we are going to win. but if i don't win, and even if i do win, we want to -- my kids will open it up again, because it was a terrific school. it was good. so we have a guy named bob. he appeared in a tv attack adam. they used him on ads against me?

i had 66,000 negative ads, over $100 million in florida alone during the big primary, which i won in a landslide. we had 15,000 negative ads, and i won. i almost wonder what do ads mean? bob appeared in tv attack ads even though he rated the programs a five, meaning excellent, the top mark across the board. his primary complaint was he would have liked to have more comfortable chairs. unbelievable. then we have a guy named art. and he was late to file. so he signed a survey in which he rated the program either a four or a five. i will tell you this. how smart was it to ask everybody that took the course to sign a report card? now you know what the lawyers are saying? the lawyers are saying but they were forced. 10,000 people were forced.

we actually have videotapes of people. they weren't forced. a professor said would you sign? how do you like it? that is it. so he signed all fives and fours out of a possible five. and he indicated his only complaint was a lack of nice lunch sandwiches. think of it. so he was late. so they went to the judge, and the judge said he is late. why didn't you file under rico? organized crime? we have all been sued in business for rico. even papa john probably. but they ended it pretty much. i get sued. here is a guy that gives me all good marks. he is late. so they are starting a new lawsuit. this law firm gave a lot of money to the attorney general of new york, who is a total lightweight. his name is attorney general eric snyderman.

he accepts their money, goes to meet with president obama when in syracuse and in the next day or two files a lawsuit against me because in my opinion they gave them a contribution and then goes to see obama. you see how the system works, folks? it is a bad system, let me tell you. so obama meets with this dopey eric snyderman, who hates or ur governor and wants to run for governor, but i don't think it is going to happen. they go up to syracuse, meets with obama, and he files a lawsuit. so bottom line is this. people said you can settle. a lot of people said before you run you should settle. i said i don't care. the people understand it. and they use it. so when i have 10,000 people, and when we have mostly unbelievable reviews, how do you settle? and in fact, when the case started originally, i said how can i settle when i have a review like this? now i should have settled, but i

am glad i didn't. i will be seeing you in november either as president. and i will say this. i have all these great reviews, but i will say this. i think the judge should be ashamed of himself. i think it is a disgrace he is doing this. and i look forward to going before a jury, not this judge, and we will win that trial. we will win that trial. check it out. check it out, folks. november 28, i think it is scheduled for. it should not be a trial. it should be a summary judgment dismissal. one of the great lawyers said how do you get sued under rico for a guy that took the course, loved the course, said great things about the course, and then you get sued under rico? it is a disgrace. it is a rigged system.

i had a rigged system, except we won by so much. this court system, the judges in this court system, federal court. they ought to look into that judge because what he is doing is a total disgrace. ok? but we will come back in november. wouldn't that be wild if i am president and come back and do a civil case? everybody likes it. ok. this is called life, folks. here is what we are going to do. we are going to run this country properly with heart, with passion. we are going to save social security. we are going to save, without cuts, save social security. we are going to bring back and save our medicare, which people want to cut.

we're going to knock out -- remember this, knock out common core. our educational system is a mess. [applause] mr. trump: we are going to knock out common core. we are going to bring our education to a local level, and we are going to do great. repeal and replace obama care. we are going to save our second amendment. [applause] mr. trump: remember, remember. crooked hillary wants to abolish our second amendment. the n.r.a. last week gave me their full endorsement. the first time in the history of the n.r.a., the earliest endorsement they have ever given. and i am honored. and by the way, they are great people. they are incredible people. they are great people. we are going to start very soon. we are going to renegotiate our trade deals that are killing our

country. we are going to renegotiate with china. we are going to have better relationships than we have right now. we are going to renegotiate our deals. we are going to renegotiate everything. everything is up for grabs. wait until you see the incredible potential this country has, when we are not run by people with no common sense, with no business ability. frankly, with no heart. they have zero heart, and people that are incompetent. wait until you see what we are able to do in a fairly quick time. we won new york big. we won everything but we won new york big. new hampshire was my first victory, so i love new hampshire. you look at the streams, the beautiful trees, and the rivers. i love you, too. thank you. it was my first victory.

we won new hampshire. that was supposed to be bush, and he spent many more times than me. wouldn't it be nice to hear as a president i have spent less money on this campaign than anybody else by far and have had the best results by far? isn't that nice? [cheers and applause] mr. trump: but isn't that what you want for your president? aren't we tired of this horrible stuff that we witness? every single thing we do, over budget, way behind schedule. we are going to change it. i'm building a hotel on pennsylvania avenue between the white house and the capitol building. the old post office. it is two years, but i like to say one year. we are opening in september a hotel at least 1.5 years ahead of schedule. under budget, and yet it is a higher-quality hotel than anybody ever saw before.

i think it will end up being one of the great hotels of the world. we are ahead of schedule, under budget. and yet, we have increased the scope of the hotel. and it is going to be something our country is proud of. i made the deal with the gsa, government services. one of the most competitive deals in the history of government services. they made it for two reasons. number one, they wanted to make sure it gets done. they looked at my balance sheet and almost fell off their chairs. they said it will get done. they don't want a half built hotel. the other thing, they wanted a great concept. wait until you see this. i love opening it on september 15. maybe i should wait until around november 2 or 3, because that is going to be a great opening. the problem with you guys is you tend to forget we have like a two-week-span, we have a two-week memory span. i will open up later and still be so far.

but it is going to be fantastic. that is what should be doing for our country. see our roads coming in so far above budget. we don't build bridges for the most part. in the old days, we used to build bridges. you go to china, bridges all over the place. it makes our bridges look like toys. beautiful airports. you go to middle eastern countries, they have airports the likes of which you have never seen. the most incredible structures, the most incredible buildings. and then we fly home and land at laguardia with potholes all over the runway. it is true. or kennedy, newark, or l.a.x. and it is a disgrace. we have become a third world country, folks. and it is not going to happen any longer. not going to happen any longer. [cheers and applause] mr. trump: so what happened in indiana was amazing. we win all the states. new york, pennsylvania, rhode

island, delaware, connecticut, maryland. and by the way, won every county in every state. it has never happened before. won by landslides, where even the slime sitting over there -- they cannot say it anymore because now we are getting 78%. they used to say, "donald trump has not cracked 50%. yes, he has won, but he has not cracked 50%." boy are we cracking 50% now. more importantly, in the history of the republican party, we have received more votes than anybody by far. by millions. [cheers and applause] mr. trump: and we have 10 states left to go. 10 states. and they will never say that.

they don't say that, so i might as will tell you. you know the expression, if you don't toot your own horn, you better do it because nobody else is going to do it for you? this slime is never going to do it. i just read a story by a woman named parker and a woman named paperman in the "new york times." instead of saying donald trump won the republican primary, they say, "his style of negotiation and the way he runs and the fact he did this and that." they say, "the republican party -- " the republican party is coming together quickly. you just saw darrell issa, duncan, all these people. these are the best. it is really coming together quickly. we are up to over 90% in terms of approval rates.

last time, we had this clown named mitt romney that let us all down. i backed him and worked for him. john mccain lost. mitt romney lost. i said this time we are going to do it ourselves. we are going to win. we are going to win. and we are going to win. don't even think about it. before we forget, we have won the nomination big, by numbers you can't believe. you have got to go out and vote in two weeks anyway because we want the mandate. we have to have the mandate. the state of reporters, wiseguys -- these two reporters, wiseguys, not talented people. they say donald trump is having a hard time bringing the

republican party together. why don't they say i win the nomination? i give the vets almost $6 million. i don't have to give them anything. i give a speech, and i say, let's raise money for the vets. i was thinking maybe we would get $1 million. we are giving a full list on tuesday. but i got these guys. i take something where nobody even thinks about it. you raise this fantastic amount of money. i give it to all these organizations. instead of praise, they knock you. these two reporters, and they always pretend like they are your friend. i call it the failing new york times. it is a disgrace. by the way, the washington post is not much better.

they have 22 people on me right now. i will tell you why. i have always heard if you are a very successful person, you cannot run for office. you especially cannot run for president. the "washington post" has 22 people on me now, 22 reporters. that is because the person that owns the "washington post" also has a big thing in amazon, which is a much more important thing. so he uses the "washington pos"" for power and he thinks he will get the politicians to do what he wants, and he probably will. but me, i could not care less. he does not want to pay tax on the internet. he will use that so they will not tax amazon on the internet. meanwhile, department stores are going out of business because it is unfair competition. now he has a threat in terms of monopoly. he knows i am the only one that says it. the politicians are afraid to

say it because he owns the "washington post." the other day, i get a call. they had 22 guys slopping all the stuff together, and they are doing a book that comes out in august. make sure he is ok. make sure he is perfect. are you ok? make sure. we love these people. may have been standing here for six hours. [applause] mr. trump: that is my great world war ii vet. the people looking at him don't realize he is tougher than all of us in this room. that i can say. [applause] mr. trump: i love to call these institutions out. no politician is going to do that because they care too much. i care too, but i care about doing the right thing. the "new york times" last week made a fool of themselves. they did a story on the front page on sunday.

a massive picture of me standing with beauty pageant contestants. then they interviewed 50 or 60 people. most of them said good things. the few of them revolted, they said that is not what we said or implied. we like donald trump. we love donald trump. donald trump treated us with respect. one of them got married. i said, isn't that terrible, that story? they wrote it very disrespectfully. not very serious charges, in all fairness. they wrote it very disrespectfully. i saw her on television. i saw her again on television. she was saying it was incorrect what they said. what they said was meant maliciously, and i like and respect donald trump and he

always treated me great and you should not write like that. and then i had a very fantastic young woman who was a very successful member of the beauty pageants. i see carrie is here right now. we love carrie. she married a great athlete. they are standing together. they are a great couple. carrie told him what was going on, and they mischaracterized her. they said they spoke to her and never spoke to her and they wrote false stuff. they wrote about another one. that was false. they wrote about a construction woman that worked for me. i gave her the break of a lifetime. i let her build a major building in new york city where she was the construction manager. probably never happened to a woman before. i gave a woman a break. my father said donald, don't do that. he is from the old school.

i said it will be good. he said you are making a mistake, don't do it. i said it will be fine. he said whatever you want, to let her do it. i gave her the break of her lifetime. when she left, she wanted to come back because the grass is always greener. she left. now all of a sudden, she loves trump. for a long time she has wanted to come back, for many years. i love e-mails. they never go away. you hear that, hillary? they never go away, hillary! [applause] mr. trump: you know, hillary is missing 30,000 e-mails. i have people that will retrieve those e-mails. [cheers and applause] mr. trump: i don't think they want to find those e-mails because what hillary has done is criminal, folks.

let's get back to the "new york times." i give her the break of a lifetime. she writes a book glowing about donald trump. she said some strange things. she said in the book donald trump is not sexist. who would say that? unless you have evil thoughts. is that correct, carrie? she puts in the book something to the effect that donald trump is not sexist. it was a good book about me. she wants to come back, so she is e-mailing to my secretaries for years. "i want to come back, donald trump is the greatest." "he is not a sexist person, he is the greatest person." and then she is in the "new york times" saying i was a horrible person. one of my men said she had the most foul mouth of any human being i have ever seen. she used to walk into a group of

men and start using the f word, and i had to bring her into my office to calm her down. she was going crazy. she writes all these letters that trump is the greatest. at least somebody will say good because i did not know carrie would say great after reading negative stuff. i did not know roanne would come out and say great after reading negative stuff. then i saw this one. i say i gave her a job no other woman would be given. i was 25 years ahead of my time with women. to this day, i have women making more money for the same job as my men. and i'm happy about it. and i expect a lawsuit any day from the men. they will sue me because they are not making it, because we

are living in that kind of society. my men will be suing me on monday morning because they are not making as much. i don't care because we are doing great with women. i don't believe the polls. we are doing great with women. women for trump, thank you. wow. thank you very much. i think we are doing great. by the way, the numbers with women are going up. women want to see strong borders. they want to see a strong military. they want to see strength. they want to see strength. and i will tell you what, they want to see jobs. they want an economy that will boom. everybody admits that what i will do for the economy nobody else can do. so here is the end result. "the new york times" calls and they want to meet. they met. they are so embarrassed.

who is with the "new york times?" where is the "new york times" reporter? i call it the failing new york times. the "new york times" wants to meet. they met with one of my guys. they had a good meeting. i think they just don't want to be sued if you want to know the truth. but these people are very dishonest. "the new york times," the "washington post." most of the people. some of them are fine. not many, but some of them are fine. when somebody hits you, you have to fight back. you know what i said to this barbara? i had friends that called me and said you are not very cool. i said to barbara, maybe you should not be eating that piece of candy. [laughter] mr. trump: that is a little different than bill clinton, i think. [laughter] mr. trump: and she said -- here

is a woman that used the f bomb more than any other person i ever heard. she said, "he was obviously talking about my weight." give me a break. we are so politically correct now our country is dying from within. we have to get back to business. we have to rebuild our country. we have got to rebuild our infrastructure. remember this. almost $5 trillion spent in the middle east, and we don't have enough room to fix a road right outside that is in horrible shape. ok? we can't fix our highways, our tunnels. and we are going to get it going, folks. you are going to be so proud of your country once again. so here is the story. i came here, and i am leading in the polls. we are leading in almost every poll now. it is so great.

i came here and said specifically -- we were in costa mesa. we had a tremendous rally. were you there? 31,000 people. nobody even showed it because there were a couple of thugs outside burning the american flag, holding other flags up in the air. they were burning and stomping on a car, a police car, stomping on it. by the way, did you see when he got off the car? he broke his -- did you see that? he tried to pretend he was not hurt. that was adrenaline. he was hurt. he walked away and said that was painful. all you saw was this thug and people burning the american flag and holding up flags from other countries. these are thugs. they hardly showed the rally

inside where we had the parents of young children killed by illegal immigrants, where we had the most amazing lovefest like this. even more people. we had the most amazing lovefest. a friend of mine came to me. he came to dallas. we had 21,000 people at the mavericks arena. he said, can i ask you a question? how do you do this? you're going to speak in front of all these people. a very good musicians said trump is the greatest in the world without a guitar, meaning without an instrument. i have got to stand up here by myself. if i bomb, they will let us know about it. he said to me, how do you do this? this is one of the most successful people in the country, in the world. he looked at this massive audience like this today and like i had a little while ago in fresno. he looked at this massive audience and said, how can you get up there and speak? do you have notes? i say no.

do you have something? i have a good head, a good memory. i have a very good memory. he said, how do you do it? i said, honestly, it is not hard because there is so much love in the room. it is unbelievable. there is love in the room. we want to take our country back. we are tired of being the stupid people all over the world. we are tired of it, and we are going to end it. >> [crowd chanting: "donald"] mr. trump: thank you. i love ending this way. we are on live television. it is embarrassing because we

get crazy ratings, so they take advantage of all of us. they put me on all the time. look at all of the cameras. when hillary comes, you have no cameras. nobody wants to watch. it is always difficult because you have to make different speeches. you cannot be on live television all the time and make the same speech because people say he said that this morning, he said that yesterday. the nice part is i can talk about current events. i can talk about things like we mentioned before, the t.s.a., how badly it is managed. i can talk about our vets, how badly things over the last two days came down. our veterans administration is a corrupt enterprise. you ought to get the judge to look into that instead of wasting everybody's time so he can take advantage of donald trump. he should be ashamed of himself. here is the story, folks. i like to end it this way.

how many ways can you end something? somebody said "make america great again" is a negative statement. i said it is a positive statement because we are going to make america great again. listen. we don't win anymore as a country. we don't win with our military, education, anything. now they want to take your second amendment away? that is not going to happen. but we don't win anymore. i love saying it and we cannot do it any better. we are going to start winning again big-league. [cheers and applause] mr. trump: we are going to win with our military. we are going to knock the -- out of isis. we are going to win for our great vets.

they have not been treated properly. illegal immigrants get better treatment in many cases than our veterans, and that is not going to happen. so we are going to win for our vets. we are going to win on education. no more common core. bring it down. we want it local. we are going to win with health care. we are going to win at the border. we are going to win at trade. we are going to win so much that you people are going to be calling your president saying, "please, mr. president, we don't want to win anymore. you are winning too much. you're driving us crazy." i'm going to say i am sorry, but we are going to keep winning and make america great again!

i love you. thank you. i love you, san diego. get out and vote. get out and vote. we are going to win california. get out and vote. thank you, everybody. [cheers and applause] >> ? y'all ready for this? ♪

>> ♪ i saw her today at the reception a glass of wine in her hand i knew she was going to meet her connection feet were footloose man you can't always get what you want you can't always get what you want always get what you want but if you try sometimes you might find you get what you need i went down to the demonstration

to get my fair share of abuse saying we're going to vent our frustration if we don't were going to blow of 50 amp fuse you can't always get what you want you can't always get what you want you can't always get what you want but if you try sometimes you just might find you get what you need i went down to the drugstore to get your prescription filled

i was standing in line with mr. jimmy man, did he look pretty ill we decided that we would have us sorbet my favorite flavor, cherry red i said to him you can't always get what you want you can always get what you want you can't always get what you want but if you try sometimes you just might find you get what you need oh, yeah

♪ you get what you need oh, baby oh, yeah today at the reception was bleeding man she was practiced at the art of deception i could tell by her her

bloodstained hand get what youays want you can't always get what you want can't always get what you want if you try sometimes, you just might find you get what you need you can't always get what you want always get what you want you can't always get what you want but if you try sometimes you just might find you get what you need

♪ ♪

♪

a.m.00 high am going to be as the kite flies then i miss the earth so much i miss my wife out in space on such a flight

and i think it is going to be a long, long time i'm not the man they think i am at all i'm a rocket man rocket man and i think it's going to be a long time touchdown brings me around again to find i'm not the man they think i am at home i'm a rocket man rocket man burning out its fuse up here alone

mars ain't the kind of place to in fact, it is cold. there is no one there to raise at all the things i don't understand it's just my job, five days a week a rocket man a rocket man and i think it's gonna be a long long time till touch down brings me round again to find i'm not the man they think i am at home

oh no, no, no, i'm a rocket man rocket man burning out his fuse up here alone and i think it's gonna be a long long time till touch down brings me round again to find i'm not the man they think i am at home oh no, no, no, i'm a rocket man rocket man burning out his fuse up here alone i think it's gonna be a long long time and i think it's gonna be a long long time and i think it's gonna be a long long time

and i think it's gonna be a long long time and i think it's gonna be a long long time and i think it's gonna be a long long time and i think it's gonna be a long long time and i think it's gonna be a long long time ♪ ♪ ♪ don't you worry about what

is on your mind i'm in no hurry i can take my time >> this weekend, wrote to the white house coverage of the libertarian convention. we will have a debate with the at 8:00tial candidates p.m. eastern. on sunday, at 9:45 eastern, live coverage of the nomination process. delegation counts and victory speeches here on c-span. >> madam secretary.

delegate votes to the next president of the united .tates >> u.s. government forecasters gave a preview of the atlantic hurricane season which runs between june 1 and november 30. the outlook calls for 10-16 named storms and 1-4 major ones.

this is about 45 minutes. >> thank you and good morning. i would like to welcome you to the satellite operations facility. this building officially opened in early 2007. should i continue? ok. this is the first stop of noaa. this is the starting point for the data that has led to the information which satellite images you see daily on your televisions, your computers, and in your smartphones. each day, they produce and

processes 10 terabytes of data from 17 different satellites, including the noaa polar and geostationary satellites. including the operation centers where the operators sit. as well as the defense satellite programs for the department of defense. two of our international missions. and we also process data from our european partners for environmental weather. the data rate is expected to jump from 10 to 100 terabytes per day. we process and distribute satellite data to support these operations. it is also the starting point rescue satellite aided operations. literally to my right here is the switchboard for the satellite information on search and rescue when we have alerts and warnings, we support the coast guard and local and regional rescue services on a daily basis for boaters, fishermen, pilots, and hikers who are in distress.

nsoft is unique in other ways. reflects technology and environmental stewardship activities. the design featured in this building features two main components. the three-story houses you see here. and all the computer centers. it is spanned by a green room. -- roof. it is one of the largest green roofs in the area, and the building was the first federal building in the area which achieved a lead design for environmental compliance. and now it is my privilege to introduce the line of speakers for today's 2016 noaa's atlantic hurricane briefing. you will hear first from laura furgione, deputy director of the service. the noaa administrator will give the full season outlook. finally, you will hear from joe nimmich.

go to the comforter upstairs or downstairs on the second floor to see the scale replica of the satellite next generation observing system, planned to launch late this year in cape canaveral, florida. this is a historic mission aiding techniques and capabilities that will improve noaa's environmental capabilities. you will see representatives from lockheed martin, harris corporation, developers of the satellites and the ground system. i turn it over to laura furgione. ms. furgione: i am the deputy director of the national weather service and no apostate pit

-- administrator for weather services. the purpose of this 2016 atlantic hurricane outlook is to get people prepared for the coming hurricane season and not just focused on the numbers, but know that it only takes one. so be prepared if that one does impact you and your family. i would like to also remind people that it is not necessarily about where that i have the hurricane makes landfall or the wind around that hurricane. because, as we have seen more times, it is the flooding that is the greatest impact. nine out of 10 fatalities associated with hurricanes are water related. it is that inland flooding and coastal storm surge that are more costly and more dangerous, so be prepared for that. let's not forget the rip currents as well as we go into the memorial day weekend and we have some potential threats, we also have the threat for rip

currents. so know how to prepare yourself and be ready for the impacts of rip currents. also severe weather associated with hurricanes and lightning and tour tales -- tornadoes. be prepared for all the potential impact associated with this hurricane season. it is shaping up to be a banner year for noaa and the national weather service. we are building a weather-ready nation by investing your national service for the future needs for america. the initiative turns five this year. we have come a long way to build the foundation to make communities more resilient. we have maturity science, created new products. this continued investment will make tangible improvements to hurricane track and intensity

forecasts. improve our resiliency to storm surge and inland flooding, and even sea level rise. our hurricane forecast improvement program also is five years old this year. we continue this multi-year effort to improve hurricane forecasts and some of the improvements that i have already mentioned, we are on track to meet the five-year goal of lately present.ack. we began by 2016 by announcing an upgrade to our supercomputing . our powerful supercomputers, the operational and the backup, can one trillion calculations per second. we can process more observations than ever before. this upgrade is allowing for a number of weather forecast model innovations and improvements

which will enhance the hurricane forecasting this year. upgrade happened earlier this month. it is foundational to all of our models, so the recent upgrade will improve hurricane forecasts this year and many others as well. the model gives hourly guidance five days out and takes timing into account when simulating how, when, and where storms will develop and move. our hurricane weather research and forecasting model also had some recent enhancements and made it our best performing intensity model over a period of 2013 to 2015. we will mark the first time forecasters have had direct connections between the coupled air, ocean, and waves, which will again improve our forecast team for the track and intensity. this upgrade will also increase the number of storms that we can forecast for any given time to

8. hopefully we will not be able to test that this year. speaking of water again, we have an exciting new flood forecasting tool coming online this summer to help us forecast inland flooding. as i mentioned before, inland flooding is the greatest threat to life and property from and land falling tropical system. this is the five-year anniversary of tropical storm irene, that passed over new york city and cause tremendous flooding in the state of vermont. we remember the devastation that storm caused, and now with our new national water model, version one, coming out this summer, we will be able to produce seven-day weather forecasts, water forecasts, and a 30-day water outlook for the entire nation, which we have never been able to do before. this will provide hourly water forecasts for 700 times more

places than we have been able to do it in the past. this will allow us to greatly enhance our ability to forecast inland flooding from tropical storms and hurricanes. currently we forecast for 4000 points, but with the national water model, we will be able to have neighborhood resolution at 2.67 million points. that is really amazing. we also have some advancements at the national hurricane center this year. we have new tools to help communicate the threats of the storm surge and the potential for hurricane activity. for the second year, the national hurricane center will have an experimental storm surge watch/warning graphic. this will highlight coastal areas most at risk for life-threatening inundation by storm surge from a tropical cyclone. it is designed to introduce this watch/warning-specific concepts for storm surge hazard, each we

have never had before. also, our experimental product, the potential storm surge flood map that was debuted in 2014 will go operational this year in 2016. so the map highlights geographic areas where inundation from a storm could occur and the height above ground that the water could reach representing a worst-case scenario for any individual location. that is exciting that you can actually see in a graphic where the highest level of water could occur. in conclusion, resilience to hurricanes could only be accomplished if the public -- if you -- use this outlook today to help you become better prepared for hurricane season, and heed specific warnings from our managers. last week i celebrated hurricane preparedness week by joining the air force at noaa hurricane hunters on their gulf of mexico

hurricane awareness tour. president obama also issued a proclamation that spoke of our improvements in technology, forecasting and models, and new ways of disseminating this information to the public. he urged all americans to get ready for the hurricane season by having a plan ready about how to respond to warnings. he stated in the proclamation, "our communities are not resilient and less individuals have properly cautions." the hurricane center director and leslie chapman henderson said, "we cannot let hurricanes push us around. we all have to be hurricane strong." #hurricanestrong. i now invite dr. sullivan to the podium. thank you.

dr. sullivan: thank you, laura. let me extend a special thank you also to dr. steven volz for hosting us here at this spectacular facility. i hope you will take him up on his offer to go upstairs for a tour. i would also like to acknowledge dr. jerry bell, who leads the team that produces the annual hurricane season outlook. he will be available for questions after the conference portion of this event is through. as we have been hearing already, communities all along america's coastlines are in the throes of preparing for hurricane season. although that season does not officially begin until june 1, i do want to start the day with an update on the low-pressure system that is currently being monitored between bermuda and the bahamas that has a prospect of approaching the southeast u.s. coastline. it's technical name is invest 91-lima.

the system has quite a high chance of becoming a tropical or subtropical cyclone, in which case it would pick up the next name in the season list, and that would be bonnie. storms in may are not unusual. this one may or may not reach the threshold to become tropical. but that prospect is now quite high. no watches or warnings have been issued, but we are launching hurricane hunter aircraft this afternoon to investigate the area and take detailed measurements to improve our outlook on that. in any event, everybody along the southeast coast from georgia to the carolinas should watch the progress of this system very closely. and i am sure our colleague joe nimmich would say, now is the time to be thinking about your weekend plans, your go kit, how you are going to keep your family together, and whether in fact you should may be modified your weekend plans to take account of the prospect of severe weather along the eastern

coast. this developing system underscores the importance of annual routines in getting homes and businesses ready, reviewing family plans and assemble emergency supplies, go kits, these realities are and need to be a way of life for coastal america. at noaa we have done our preparations as well. you heard from laura how our supercomputers are more powerful than ever with greater capability to take in and process the billions of earth observations that we need to make daily forecasts for you all. faster supercomputers will continue to pave the way for us to add more capabilities to our forecast models in the future. as she said, based on these unprecedented improvements, made possible through the generosity of the congress provided supplemental funding in the wake of hurricane sandy, i can tell you confidently that noaa's national hurricane center is poised to deliver forecasts that will be more accurate and

reliable than ever before. but the forecast models in the supercomputers that power them are meaningless if they do not have quality data. we get these data by observing the planet with robust observational networks. our ability to accurately observe, measure, and monitor the oceans and nanosphere is the foundation of our ability to forecast threats of hurricanes and other weather phenomenon. up to 90% of the data that go into the modern day weather forecast are derived from satellites. as you have heard, noaa will launch the new satellite into stationary orbit. it will scan the earth five times faster than other ones will.

it will triple the number of wavelengths that we have today. all these data from goes are will improve forecasts by helping us to an point exact location as well as monitor more closely for signs of weakening or intensifying. our improved track and intensity forecast will in turn give fema and local emergency managers better information and more timely information to guide them as they pre-position resources to determine who should evacuate and just as important, as they determine who can safely not evacuate and let the storm passed by. gozar will also provide better tracking of smoke and dust plumes. it will help us improve aviation flight routing and provide data for long-term climate variability studies, improve our ability to monitor space weather and storm effects.

it will continue with maritime forecasts, long-range seasonal positions, and drought outlooks. we are excited about this development. it gives us the direct ability to monitor lightning activity over land and water. it will enable us to improve how we view the world and also how we make decisions about public safety resource use and economic opportunities. let me add my encouragement to take the tour. on to the business directly at hand. i have the privilege of presenting the 2016 atlantic hurricane season outlook. noaa's outlook for this season indicates it is most likely to be a near normal year. in the atlantic, it will likely produce a range of 10 to 16 tropical storms. those are systems with sustained wind of 39 miles per hour.

four to eight of those are expected to become hurricanes with top winds sustained at 74 miles per hour. some will grow to category 3 or higher, with wind speeds of 111 miles per hour. relax. things are ok. but i want to emphasize that the predicted level of activity i just read off, compared to the past three years that we have experienced, actually suggests we could be in for more activity than we have seen in recent years. i want to emphasize as we do each year, this is a forecast about the number of systems and storms a hurricane is likely to form. it makes no prediction with respect to landfall or tracks. as always is the case, our

hurricane season outlook is based on projections of climate factors that are known to influence the formation, development, and propagation of hurricanes, along with model predictions of atmospheric and oceanic conditions. this year there is strong variability in several key climate factors greater than in past years. so there is uncertainty as to whether these factors will be reinforcing each other or competing with respect to tropical storm formation. more specifically, there is uncertainty about whether the high activity in a rut of era of atlantic hurricanes has ended. this high activity phase began in 1895. it is associated with an ocean temperature pattern that is called the warm phase of the atlantic to cato oscillation, and a warm phase of the amo leads to warmer atlantic temperatures and african monsoons.

during the past three years, weaker hurricane seasons have been a company by a shift toward the cooler signature of the amo, cooler temperatures. and weaker african monsoons. if this is not just a temporary blip, it could be signaling the arrival of a low-activity era for atlantic hurricanes. possibly that has already begun. high and low phases tend to run 25 to 40 years. so recent indications are maybe of a cooling, to a cooler phase of the amo. the second uncertainty factor this year is about the extent to which el niño and la niña will influence the atlantic hurricane seasons. el niño is dissipating, but the tale of its impact could extend into the early part of the

hurricane season. the climate conditions center is forecasting a 70% chance of la niña developing on the heels of that. and la niña to be present during the peak months of the atlantic hurricane season. model projections show uncertainty as to how strong the lending impact will be. so the prospect of moving toward a cooler amo, which is not yet definitive, and uncertainty as to who will win out and which months of hurricane season el niño influences. in sum, although the outlook is predicting a near-normal season, i want to underscore this leaves the potential for considerable activity. a near-normal season does not mean we are off the hook or that there will not be hurricane-related impacts. it only takes one storm anywhere, however intense the

season is, to be devastating to homes, families, and communities. now is the time for you to start preparing for the upcoming season, which starts in a few days. forecasting ability fits within our goal of providing the products and services that are enabling our products and citizens to make active decisions that are needed to bolster their resilience in the face of weather-related challenges. we are closer to realizing our goals than ever before, thanks to the hard work of no employees and many key collaborators, and the support of the congress. all of these preparations still leave us exposed to mother nature and with the imperative of always being prepared. on that note, i can invite deputy director of fema joe nimmich to talk about this imperative. joe? mr. nimmich: thank you, dr. sullivan, and thank you for the phenomenal work that your staff at noaa and the national weather

service has done in order to give us better knowledge in terms of the likelihood. in each and every storm as you look at in the, we have an understanding of the likely impact it will have and where it will come ashore. you have done your job, your role in trying to give us better information. the national hurricane center ability to project out longer, to more accurately define landfall and the impact of landfall, including the model that lets us see exactly how much water pushed from the ocean will impact our homes, our industries, and our locations. as well as the national water center that looks at the marine flooding, that had more impact and damage and deaths from flooding than the surge models

. you have done your part, dr. sullivan. it is now important for us to do our part. none of this information is worthwhile unless we understand it, we access it, and we respond to it. the critical factor here is, what do we as citizens take advantage of all the information provided to us? have we planned ahead? the single biggest factor for you is to understand where you are located and what your evacuation plan is. and when you are told to evacuate, evacuate. i cannot tell you how many times we have had a disaster where we go to support an individual who has been impacted and said i have lived here for 30 years and my house has never flooded, even though we have told you it is in the floodplain and we have told you the potential exists. every time you do not evacuate, you put first responders' lives in danger. the key factor, when you're told of an event that will impact your home, listen and take the

appropriate evacuation capability. you may not be in the area that is immediately impacted, but will have secondary impact in terms of power outages, lack of utilities, lack of other infrastructure, and you need to be prepared. you need to have the resources to survive and to take care of yourself in terms of water and food for the duration that you are exposed, at least 48 hours. we continue to look at being able to stay informed. there are multiple different apps that are down there. i ask every civilian, individual, citizen, to download the fema app to your mobile device, which will allow you with this free offer to understand the tips and safety before, during, and after an emergency. the fema app will allow you to have information not only before

but during and then critically, after an emergency occurs. the app allows you to set your preparedness reminders, that if you get a notification, that you can update your emergency kits and practice your escape plans, your evacuation plans. you can sign up for emergency alerts and evacuation orders from your local emergency management offices. it is a simple thing to do to ensure you are prepared. finally, the single biggest thing we see is the impact on people's lives after the event. if you are in a flood zone, flood insurance is your best resource. the additional support you get will never cover the losses that you have incurred, much like wind, fire. if you are in an area that is likely to have flooding, not having flood insurance means you are not prepared to restore your life to some semblance of normalcy.

clearly, fema works very closely, hand-in-hand, day to day, with our friends at noaa and the national weather service. there is nothing more than impacts my day than the morning brief in terms of what the weather will do, whether it is flooding in texas or tornadoes tonight in kansas, or the invest 91-l that will impact georgia, south carolina, and north carolina this weekend. utilize the improvements the national weather service has made for us to do the right thing and be prepared to respond to that information. thank you, and i think we will go to questions. now we will go to the q&a. we will take questions in the room and then we will go to the

phones. i would like to invite dr. sullivan and dr. bell to the podium to answer the questions. name andll state your affiliation before you begin your question, we would appreciate it. are there any questions in the room? operator, we will go to the questions on the phone. >> if you would like to ask a question, record your first and last name. one moment for the first question. the first question, you may ask

your question. >> hello, this is for catherine sullivan. when you say it is a near-normal season, could you characterize why it is not a normal season? what aspect is not quite normal? >> thanks for that. i'm going to invite jerry bell to give you an explanation. of're talking about range probabilities. there is some reinforcing factors, which make this year a little more uncertain than others. do you want to amplify on that? cast --ve three season classifications. near-normal refers to a range of by the overalld season strengths and the numbers of hurricanes and tropical storms.

we use near-normal because normal, people think of as the mathematical average. we are not talking about that. third talking the middle of the season's with a certain level of activity. >> the middle range. each one of the season designations is a range. it is not a distinct number. the lower range, the higher range. although there are uncertainties, like you said. >> yes. is there another question on the ?hone >> if somebody could talk about

below activity era, what you will be watching in the future and what could that mean in terms of storm numbers? >> those are good questions. it is hard to say. when we are looking at these ocean temperature patterns, we are not looking month to month or year to year. we are looking for multiple decades. we don't just have the pattern lasting the same strengths for decades at a time. there is some variability. warm phasee the thisbly switching to cold, transit -- transition may reflected the year to year signal. what we will be looking for to say -- to see is the duration of the patterned and also its

duration through the year. right now we are seeing it in the winter and not very much in the summer and the hurricane season. we would expect to this pattern to develop more the next couple of years. it may take a few years before we know if we are in the cold phase or not. it is hard to say. the last time we hit a transition was in the 1970's. we did not have the data

it is not about a new slant. we are watching it for the first time with very new eyes. if we knew what three or four earlier once looked like, we would have the basis of saying for they sake x amount of time to prove themselves out. it is the first time we are seeing signals that might important tanned a phase shift. so we are watching with all the alertness that geri indicated. are is there other questions on the known? >> next question comes from willie drire. you may ask your question. >> was just wondering if you could comment on the factors that have prevented a major hurricane land faul since 2005, and whether any of those

factors are still in place or whether there is any way of knowing whether the likelihood unusual string of no landfalling major hurricanes being broken? >> well, we have been extremely fortunate that we haven't had major hurricane landfalls in the years you have said. you can have major damage. iron and sandy. those were not major hurricanes, but they caused tremendous damage and flooding. so there is a lot more to the impacts of a hurricane than just its strength there. is its size, motion, location with respect to the eye wall, inland fonding, tornadoes, your preparedness so you can act accordingly. to get off the major hurricane thing because there are many more important issues. now, there is a set of weather patterns that tends to favor

re hurricane lafell -- landfall. the heart of that is if you have a higher pressure over the eastern uzz. you take the storms western, and those storms can move up through the gulf of mexico and strike or swerve up through the bahamas and strike. so with that high pressure patterson as we saw in 2003, 2004 and 2005 when we had a lot of hurricanes striking, that was the major patterson. now fortunately over the last several years, we have had a low pressure over the united states. that recurves these hurricanes out into the open atlantic, offer times far before they are threatening the coast. so we have been is there fortunate with that pattern, but there is no way to predict it is going to be in place for the bulk of this hurricane season. and even if that pattern is in place, all it stakes is is a

break of a couple of weeks, and you can have a huge hurricane or a tremendous hurricane damage. the outlook is not for hurricane landfalls, we cannot predict these local weather ppearance. they are only predictable a week in advance and at the time the hurricane is approaching. we can't predict it because the hurricanes and tracks are controlled by the local patterns. >> i think i understand the limitations that you have. my question is just whether any of the prevailing patterns from previous years are in place this year. but i understand that you can't say with certainty whether you are going to have a major hurricane come ashore. i was wondering about the prevailing patterns that may have been some influence in the past 11 years. >> this is kathy sullivan, the prevailing patterns, the ones

that endure long fluff are seasonal scales. they give us an outlook for level of activity. when you refer to the prevailing patterns that affected storm track and lafell, as geri said, those don't prevail over long times. those are in days and weeks, and we can only predict them that far out. so we don't know what the prevailing patterns will be june, july, august through october. our prediction centers tell us to expect a fair amount of storms to to form and then watch the pattern at the time the storm is coming in. >> thanks very much. >> i am curious because you mentioned that el nino may start phasing out, and there is a 70% that la nina would

develop and increase the amount of hurricane activity. can you expound on that a little more? i live in texas on the gulf of mexico, and we have been hit by hurricanes before. so what are the chances of la nina actually developing before the end of the season? >> this is geri bell. right now the climate prediction center is indicating -- chance that la anyone that lani will be here during the peak months of the hurricane season, which is august, september and october. that is by far when the bulk of the major hurricanes form. about 90% of the storms form during august, september and october, and there is a high likelihood that la nina will be present and try and strengthen the season during those normally active months. but the counter of that is we don't know if we are in this background climate signal that would further enhance the activity, or perhaps a change in that signal that might help

to suppress la nina's impact. but we are still expecting a near normal season at this time. that is still a lot of activity. you need to start getting prepared now for your hurricane preparedness plan. we know it only takes one, and the sooner you prepare, obviously the more ready you will be in case a storm threatens. >> i know we have had el nino for a while, and we haven't had one down here. when was the last time we have actually seen la nina have an impact on the season? >> la nina was last here in 2010. nina combination of la and the active a.m.o. produced a very active hurricane season. >> next question comes from

barbara hollingsworth. if the a.m.o. is headed in the direction that you think it is, what will be the overall result on hurricanes over the next say two decades? >> well, at this time we don't know if the a.m.o. is switching to its cold phase. if and when the a.m.o. does switch back to its cold phase, that is associated with a weaker west african man soon and weaker hurricane seasons. the last time we had a cold phase of the a.m.o. was during 1971 and 1994. that was called a low activity era for atlantic hurricanes. and during that 25-year period we only had two above normal seasons, and half were below normal. that is how strong this a.m.o. signal is. it really is a powerhouse as far as controlling the strength of the hurricane season for decades at a time.

>> next question is from david fletcher. you may ask your quefment >> to follow up on the question of the a.m.o., in we did enter a low intensity era, what would that mean specifically with reference to numbers and intensity. era would mean fewer storms and fewer major hurricanes. >> is there a a range? >> that is getting too speculative. we have been averaging 15 storms a year, about eight hurricanes and about four major hurricanes. in a low activity era we might verage two major hurricanes, one -- sorry, one to two major

hurricanes and four or five hurricanes. those were the numbers we saw from the 1971 to 1994 period. that is just a general idea of what these differences in numbers mean. >> this is kathy sullivan, if i could just amplify. fistically the number of storms -- statistically, the number of storms in a season may be lower, but 1992 was hurricane andrew. that was a very low year. i think that was about the only storm that formed, and it absolutely devastated a very wide stwauth of south florida. that place took decades to really begin to come back. so don't bank your course of action based on whether you are feeling low, immediate inman or happen annually. one can hit the coast or brush the coast near you, and in any event where we live on this hemisphere in this planet this , is the season to be sure you are ready for hurricanes. not banking on statistical odds.

greg's showing no further questions at this time -- >> showing no further questions at this time. you, operator, i think we have one in the room. >> the question is what is considered now a normal season as far as what are the actual numbers go for a normal season, both in the atlantic and the eastern pacific? what numbers do you use? dr. bell: the averages for the atlantic, seasonal average is 12 named storms. six hurricanes and two-three averagess ran those reflects between a boundary between these high activity with and low activity eras less activity. i'm not sure my answer that question. the eastern pacific is overall a

more active basin. it averages 15 to 16 named storms. eight hurricanes in about five major hurricane. while the atlantic has been very active since 1995, the way the climate signals work is they have a seesaw effect. the central and eastern pacific hurricane seasons have been below normal since 1995. during the last couple years, with these changes, the coolness in the amo, the atlantic has gone to supress, but the eastern pacific has gone enhanced. these climate factors have a seesaw effect and we are actually seeing a little bit of that right now. dr. sullivan: any further questions in the room?

>> thank you, ma'am answer. -- and sir. i have a question. when i am watching the local news and hurricanes come in and they are predicting a green path , and a red path, and a blue path, and a yellow path are , those all coming from your guys' number crunching from this center, or are we getting numbers from other people's algorithms that are using the same numbers? general with in , every significant weather system, the modern-day technique is to use an ensemble of forecasts to different models produced by different entities. each model has its strengths and weaknesses. error is factored in. it is with all those variations in the models and the data that results of a forecast converge. that tells you that kind of outcome, that situation, how -- is robust against all of

those different errors. it gives you greater confidence that that is a more likely outcome. it depends on what your tv guide showing you -- tv guy is showing you. sometimes in hurricane seasons they will show you different colored paths, and those are historical path tracks to remind you with a have gone in the past. sometimes they show you the different output of different models, several of which are from noaa, some of which are from europe. whether you are in europe, united states or canada or japan, really competent forecasters are using all those models. r forecasts are not popularity contests. it is actually a scientific judgment about the strength and weaknesses of each of them that lead them to give you their forecast guidance. >> i would like to thank you for joining us today. if you have follow-up questions, you can e-mail a set in ws. pa at noaa.gov or find us in the

, room. with that, i would like to conclude the press conference. thank you. [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2016] [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, >> on saturday at 10:00 p.m. eastern on afterward, the democracy now host amy goodman interviews tomorrow drought about her new book, sleeping giant, how the new working class will transform america. on sunday at 10:15 eastern, an interview with chris jackson, publisher and editor it in chief of one world. he discusses his professional duties as well as his work with jay-z brian stephenson, and the author of the award winning book between the world at me. and sunday evening at 10 a clock eastern, a book release party for steve hilton and his book, "more human designing a world where people come first." he is the cofounder of crowd packed,

argues we need to redesign our economic and political systems to meet the needs of americans today. , a nexty, memorial day her day of book tv featuring annette gordon reed and peter ono on the intellectual life of thomas jefferson. pragerdio host, dennis and the 10 commandments, and then diane ream and the right to die movement. now i discussion on what has been affecting americans ability to move up the economic ladder. from washington journal, this is just one hour. "washington journal" continues. host: frank buckley, what is the premise of your book, "the way back: restoring the promise of america"? guest: we have changed as a country. we were the country of that,

wherever you came from, you had the chance to rise. now it seems that is broken. now we are not that country. , theu look at the numbers way a lot of people cut them, that country is denmark or maybe canada. that is shocking. i think that helps explain what is happening in politics today. host: when you talk about mobility, what do you mean? correlation between the earnings of parents and children. that is how this is measured. immobile.y we are like england in that respect. we are not as we imagine ourselves to be. the kind of country where you can get ahead. that is deeply disturbing. pollsters tell us most americans think their kids will not have it as well off as they did, for the first time. that is revolutionary.

marx had a problem with america. americast theory, should be the first company to go communist, because the stages were agrarian, capitalist, communist. america was capitalist. it was not happening. reason that is happening is that class was very mobile. but now we are in mobile. we have their credit parents who raise mericratic kids. to 10% stock at that level. that is disturbing to a lot of americans. ist: the theme of your book inequality. "the level of income inequality at anys higher than point in the last 90 years. there is even less mobility in america than in most first world countries.

that is new and it will transform american politics." that "theto write tragedy of america is that while the left often asks the right questions, it almost as often provides the wrong answers. income inequality is no exception." up on i am here to beat both political parties. -- thet has dismissed right has dismissed concerns about income inequality. they say does not exist. i think it is there. it is all about envy, and we do not like envy, or that it is about a move to a high-tech economy and we cannot do anything about that. i say fiddlesticks.

they are not living in the stone age in denmark. we do not think we are mobile. bad is transformative -- that is transformative of our politics. if you look at the causes for this -- the left realizes this is a problem. but when you look at the causes of immobility and you compare this country to other countries that are more mobile, you see k-12rences in respect to education, to immigration, to the rule of law. in those cases, we are talking about programs the left really likes but that cause immobility. it,he right does not get but the left gets it and does not give the right answers. frank buckley is our guest, wrote "the way back: restoring the promise of

america." 202 is the area code. 748-8000 for democrats. 748-8001 for republicans. 748-8002 for independents. i think you got the idea of what we are talking about. "phony nation," the 1% movement of 2011 argued that gains to the wealthiest off of theame poorest americans in a zero-sum society. in other words, one more dollars for the rich means one less dollar for the poor. some politicians would have you think that is the way it always works, but there is a finite amount of money in the world that song again and others lose. in that case, we never see economic progress. guest: i cannot have said it better myself.

host: can you expand on that? further, i said we are not in a zero-sum gain. what interested me was the negative sum game, where we have barriers to registry and licensing requirements. all of those things which keep people from getting into the labor force are getting into the labor force. that is wasteful. here we are, in your studio, looking at the capitol there. behind it is k street, the biggest amount of patronage seen in any country at any time. that is part of the problem as well. a good part of the way back is trying to blow up those kinds of networks and freeing things for people who want to rise, as they did formerly. ew came out with a study about the middle class. it says the middle class is

shrink and. 61% of people lived in the middle class in 1971. it is down to 50%. the real growth is on the highest level. others have stayed steady. is this a bad thing? it is not bad when people move into the upper class. but on average, we have a fairly threatened middle class. a middle class that is not rising as it should and seems to be less wealthy than the middle-class and other countries. that is something i think most americans get. you can slice this up in a variety of different ways, but overall, i was shocked to look at the differences between mobility here and mobility in other countries. that interested me most is the country we most closely resemble, and the country from which i came --

canada. what i found shocking was the way in which if you are in the top 10% here, the chances your kid will be in the top 10% or 20% are about 50%. you will stay there. if you are in the top -- the bottom 10%, the chances your kid 10% of in the bottom 20%. in canada, you have it good shot a moving up and if you're the top, you have a shot at moving down. it is not that way in this country. it is because the game is stacked in favor of aristocracy. i want to argue there is nothing surprising about that. that aristocracy is the natural default of any society. we like to think if we relax, everything will be cool and we will move back to being a highly mobile society. i say no. if you look at the history of

the world, it is the case that aristocracy is the way it has been pretty much all the time. you get reach interludes of great mobility. then we seem to revert to a kind of aristocracy. so you get high mobility after great events like a war, like the revolutionary war or the is a war, or whether there great transmission in the economy. but then we seem to settle back into a society stick -- thick with rules and influence. those gone the way of people moving. obamar you feel about care, there is one statistic people find shocking. it was a 1000 page bill crammed with a lot of goodies -- by the way, the medicare bill in canada is 12 pages long, and it is bilingual. so 1000 pages long. but the regulations are 20,000 pages. try to work your way around

that, if you are a health care professional. it is crazy. so we have a plethora of rules. this is wonderful if you are an established business. but if you are a small guy trying to move up, it is terrible. it is a wonderful society if you are surrounded by lawyers. young guy ore a entrepreneur just starting out and you do not have the connections, it is not so good. that is the kind of thing i am talking about. host: you talked about the aristocracy in the states. what is canada doing right in your view? guest: one example in the news is immigration. there was a story recently about how the new prime minister of canada welcomed syrian refugees. , will takethe end around 50,000 syrian refugees. many will be christian, by the way. that is something of which someone can be proud, as a canadian. by comparison, the american number seems to be about 5000.

if it matched canada, it would not be 5000 but 500,000. moreover, it was america that, more than any other country, caused the problem by a crazy war in iraq. it was like a child in an antique store it that broke something and then walked away from it. in other respects, canada has an immigration system donald trump would love. canada puts illegals on the plane. and has an immigration system geared toward providing jobs to canadians. the me tell you something that i find interesting. canada is 20% foreign-born. none of this is a political issue in canada. it has way more immigrants, but it is not it medical issue. why -- everyone realizes it is good for the country and good for us. here, we have a sense this is bad for us.

thepeople most hurt in united states are african-americans. they have -- they would have the jobs that are being competed away by illegals or by family preferences. so the american immigration system is crazy. just a confession of failure. it is based on something which does not make sense -- a family preference system. when people came over from the old country, the old sod back in -- now we have something like cell phones and cheap air for. it is easy to get back -- holland or ireland or wherever. the argument for family preference is not there. there is an argument for economic migrants. a countrye numbers, 1/10 the size of the united states takes in more economic

migrants. 160 thousand in canada, 140,000 here. ais is not a way to run railroad. it is why it is such a political hot potato. that is just one example. host: what you think of the term "populism." not have a good feeling about populism, but i am beginning to think i am a populist. it is conflicting. it is a good way to construct your loss on how to make americans better. now, the republican party seems to be torn between purists on one side and populists on the other. my view is the republican party was not blown up by donald trump. rather by mick barney -- mitt speech when he gave his about the foursome percent of takers. he gave his 59 point plan which no one remembers. but we remembered the 47%.

there isthe idea that "us" and "them." tocommunicated a commitment sensible combine with a disaffirmance -- a this interest towards people. isinterest towards people. trump, there is a sense he is on your side. that is populist. way of he will have a swinging it to bring everyone together. i want to argue it would be good , and,e more mobility indeed, equality would follow. i call that socialist ends. the difference between the party is that trump's party once that wantnts that and the dems

that. there are two ways to get there. one is by socialism and the other is by capitalism. we should get rid of the things preventing people. calvin is calling in from winston-salem, north carolina, independent line. caller: good morning. thank you for taking my call. when i hear the title of the cut -- "theay back, way back," it makes me think of how the country was founded. the exhortation of native americans. the african-americans who were brought here against their will. founded the capitalist system here. my point being that when i hear people talk about how trump is so popular, i say to myself,

here is the economy of a capitalist. someone who uses immigrant labor to build his hotels and his chinese as well as manufacturers of many of his apparel goods -- ties and what have you -- yet the people who support him want to make america great again. it is interesting the demographic, some of it, that supports mr. trump are the total opposite of who he is, which falls into line with historically how america works. fdr was for the people. he was a democrat. he was an aristocrat. he came from theodore roosevelt. kennedy was a democrat for the people. he was an aristocrat. he came from kennedy the ambassador. ispoint is there doublespeak. talk about both sides of your mouth -- host: let's hear from frank buckley. guest: thank you.

that is a lot to answer. a couple points. slavery is not capitalism. it is the opposite of capitalism. i am not on the side of slavery. indeed, there was that historical problem at the founding. as you probably know, slavery was essentially abolished in england by virtue of judicial decision in 1773. that, to my mind, was much more of a capitalist system. as for more current events, i do not want to talk about trump's hotels, if you do not mind, but i will say this about republicans and conservatives. and i think i am agreeing with you. what i want to say is much of what one thinks is noble in the republican party is kennedy liberalism. taxesy wanted to lower and was a supply-sider. republicans are he time hated it.

rights, a lot of conservatives at the time were opposed to civil rights. it was liberal republicans who provided the crucial votes to get the 1964 bill passed. and kennedy democrats were a party of openness and provided the sense we would all rise. they were not the white shoe imagine theome republicans to be. i am probably agreeing and say yang that which i like in the republican party, in many ways, has its roots in jfk democrats. frank buckley, calvin kind of alluded to this, but your back," and way donald trump's slogan, making america great as when? guest: your showing the cover of my book -- great picture. did not pick it.

it is the empire state building. new york in the 1950's. the story and said -- historian given said if you had to pick a period when humans were happiest, it would have been rome 2000 years back. but i would have picked new york in the 1950's. it was not perfect, we are much better off, in terms of african-americans, women, but what was different back then is every one of us had the sense things were getting better. we have lost that. -- and i amway back not getting in to america great again -- but part of the way back is a recovery. yankee doodle dandy spirit that everything was possible. the empire state building was put up in 18 months in the middle of the depression. now we have a sense nothing will be fixed.

it is a system that seems broken. a system that has gotten too big in many ways. -- washington is to think too thick with rules. the best thing the government can do is get out of the way. host: frank buckley is a law professor at the university of george mason and a visiting fellow at the university of law visit chicago law school. he was a visiting professor in france as well. dennis is on the republican line. caller: good morning. i have never said thank you for taking my call, but i especially want to say thank you today. this is a provocative subject. i used to say to people that if we want to figure out what went wrong with america, etc., we

have to go back to a point in time when things are good. mr. buckley said he things it is the 1950's. i say we have to go from that point forward and say what went wrong? you can talk about this for hours or days. to me, it is all about education. it's going to be a generation. what's got to be fixed is education. , read an article last night titled the education of minority children. it's brilliant. he points ouhow public schools are not the answer, etc. thealked about the irish of 1800s and the blacks from the 1870's and 1955. it has got to be about the education. right now, parents have no hope because the kids are all going into schools they do not approve of. they do not see the kids getting a good education, so the kids have no hope and the parents have no hope.

that is my one suggestion as to how to restore america again. it is not the only answer, but you got to have the right of parents to choose the school the child will go to. sowell'sad dr. article. i will get your book and i will recommend it and put it on my facebook page. host: we're going to leave it there. guest: since you're going to buy my book, i'm going to ask you. in blistering canada -- western canada and i went to the public school and it was 99% french-canadian. the teachers in the school were nuns. everybody thought that was fine, but years later i talked to a friend of mine, an african-american fellow, who is a judge, he said that nuns, when people shocked by the? at?

there was a motto that said one country, one school system, and that was the ku klux klan. there are historical reasons based in bigotry why there have been problems with state support for parochial schools, but i think what that would provide, and vouchers generally and charter schools, is needed competition. the great thing about competition is that it pulls up everybody. you do not see it working. you do not see the machinery. you do not see the gears, but to compete and offer a different kind of school system, you have got to be better than the other guy. the other guy than needs to pull up his socks. that is why we are so absolutely terrible in k-12. when you look at how we rank compared to other countries, it is just dreadful. an economist at hoover calculated that if we could magically raise our score levels to canadian levels, it would

wipe out the national debt. it is that huge. the differences are so humongous. i think that is absolutely crucial. if i could wave my magic wand, that would be the one thing i would do. i would take the budget of the department of education, about a3 billion, and i would lot it to states that have those programs. bill is in pittsburgh on the republican line. caller: good morning. when i called him, i thought this was going to be about income inequality. i mostly agree with you, although so far i have about 15 s that i could take with you, but let's go back to that phrase, which has disturbed me ever since it came up. the necessary implication of

saying the problem with income it's they is that presumption that i think you alluded to that the money that tos to the rich does not go the poor and the middle class. it is not the same money. paid for what comes in at the cash register. once you have accumulated something and you invest it, all the sudden, the investment situations in the world make it very easy to get a larger incomes. . it sounds like you would agree with me. makeuestion is, how to what comes into the cash register more efficient and going into people's incomes?

that is the statement and the thought and i wonder if you might speak a little bit. guest: i appreciate that. let me say something that people might find a little surprising. if you want to promote more mobility equality, a natural thought would be, let's fiddle with our welfare payments. what people do not realize is that the american welfare system is really incredibly generous. like to think that the nordic countries are so much more generous, but they really aren't. you look atut if welfare payouts as percentage of gdp, i think it is only sweden that is more generous than we are. what we have got our 72 different federal programs, a lot of city programs, a lot of private charities. this is a pretty good country to be poor in, but the basic point is if what we want is more equality, we are not going to get there but somehow adjusting

our welfare payouts. rather the issue is, and i think you are hinting at this, is let's get more cash in the cash register, which is mostly the question of freeing of people so they can go out there and do their thing without having to worry about a mess of rules getting in the way. there is one shocking statistic produced by the institute for justice. licensing requirements. i am a lawyer. if you are a lawyer, you have to get qualified by a bar. there is a license required for doctors. 30 years, one in 20 americans had to get a license for that. now, it is one in three. we are talking about hair graders and masseuses. we are talking about a crazy bunch of requirements that do not do much except protect the cartel of people in place and that has the effect of excluding

people from rising and getting into their own business. that's a problem. host: larry is coming in from chula vista, california. you are on with frank buckley. caller: i just want to say something that quick about get the government out of our lives. i spent 30 years of my life working for this government, 20 in the united states marine corps. i think more people should be involved in the government, and definitely keep an eye on what we are doing. on another subject, it seems like a lot of people are lost. i like mickey mantle and the old new york, so i see where you're coming from. during my time in the military, i got into the computer field and i saw in the late 1980's we were headed i.t. 21, information technology for the 21st century. there were only a few things that we could do because of all the jobs that we left, everything is computerized. that we left, everything is

we have to get educated. we have to rebuild infrastructure. the are sitting on cables that were built from the 1960's and early 70's. on the software side of the house, windows 10. they do not match up and that is why we get hacked all the time. if we can relay the whole america infrastructure, we cannot export jobs. they will be here. we fix education by putting schools on internet and all schools follow the curriculum. as far as health care, get everybody in. host: before we get through that whole list, let's get a response from mr. buckley. guest: larry, thank you, and you are up there early in california. i agree with you. there's a lot to be said for could we make the government someefficient than using

of that surplus in terms of rebuilding the infrastructure. there is a whole laundry list that you provided and the way back would involve a whole laundry list. i will tell you one thing about all this and that as i would never ever bet against the home team. making predictions about the future is a chump's game, but i would never bet against america. , "uniteda subchapter states of crime," you wrote about a general name christer everson. guest: he was a gentleman who is thought up by some apes gear of secure role by the environment of protection association and ended up in the criminal justice system for years for a crime of which he ,as, i will not say innocent but ignorant is the better terms.

. we have an almost uncountable number of federal crimes that are crimes that do not require a guilty mind. why is a guilty mind so important? there's this thing called a conscience, right? if you do something bad, your conscience will acquit you. doese crime in question not require a guilty mind, you will not know that you are doing it. there are so many of these offenses that you could do it all the time. there's a book called "three felonies a day," where he said if an ordinary businessman committed all these crimes, we wouldn't know it. this is a barrier to entrepreneurs in particular. it is not a barrier if you are established and surrounded by lawyers. it is a barrier if you are the new guy. it discriminates against the up-and-coming, the guy without connections, the guy who does not make political contributions.

i am on their side on this one. host: lakeland, florida, please go ahead with your question for frank buckley. "the way back" is the name of the book. caller: praise be for c-span and what it's doing for america. all the other media is concentrating on emotional considerations for the present election, but c-span tries to get the intellectual part of the brain of citizens involved and has discussion on books like mr. buckley's and rick shankman's book about how politicians strike of anger. i want to recruit the professor in asking the presidential candidates 5-10 books that citizen should read so that we understand the most serious problems facing the united states from an intellectual standpoint. your book, i hope, is a on the list on one of the candidates.

on book tv, let's have a discussion for the intellectual instead of the emotional. i've asked the bipartisan working group in congress to perhaps use george mason , aversity as a place to meet venue for your conflict resolution school. is that possible? guest: i'm sure it is. my book would be number 1, 2, and three. [laughter] about the book that was making quite a buzz around here last year? guest: you pronounce that correctly. it was a french fellow who wrote a book about how capitalism will self-destruct as all the wealth will be concentrated in the rich and everyone will be impoverished. i do not want to spend too much time on that, so i answered that in the appendix. he does not have america's number.

he just does not get it. we are not like that. there are a number of reasons why. one reason is his analysis works if the rich just reinvest the money, but they spend it, you know? they spend it and they go through messy divorces and they spend it on baubles. the footballer george best said with all his money, he spent 90% -- 10% on wine, women, and song, and the rest he wasted. we are on the side of in the col anna nicole smith. host: steve champion tweets into you, "i would rather go forward instead of going way back." say, there were things in the 60's that were not perfect, and we are better off

in many respects with respect to african, women, and a whole bunch of things. i agree with that. we do not want to go back to 1950's. i would argue that we would want to recapture one part of the 1950's, which is the spirit and reality that we all can and move up with industry and drive. that is the part of the 1950's i like. host: darlene in nevada. please go ahead. caller: good morning, mr. buckley. listening to you talk is an absolute breath of fresh air. i was wondering as you have worked in many countries, how many have the corporate congress that we do? if we want to find our way back, money out of politics and special interest groups would be a huge, huge help. we do not always have. forget corporate welfare, but the corporate contributions to get things done for these. guest: excellent question.

here's my answer. you asked how many countries have our network of i guess crony capitalist in congress and the like. the answer is none, nobody matches us. the people who are surprised by trump should have seen it coming because they should have looked at where we are with respect to the problem that you mentioned. they should've recognized that we have been there before. 1776 when thein framers, the founders of this country, looked at england. they looked at a country that was as free as they were, but they also looked at a country that was really corrupt. they had a sense of republican virtue that would be better than all that. what we are doing right now is rediscovering that sense of a need for a special kind of virtue that washes away everything that you just talked about, all the cronyism, all the special deals.

it is a hard thing to do. there are barriers in constitutional law that we would not want to entrench on. i think there are things we can do and we will have to explore the. m. host: you write about this in "the wayn back." government loan guarantees and winners and losers -- can't be successful? uest: in the sense that a a broken clock is right to times in the day, but -- host: why do we keep doing it? guest: because of that patronage i'm describing. if you want something done, you need allies. that arethe solyndra's terrible at their business but wonderful and making connections in this town. is thatg about solyndra

it was costing them more to produce their product than they were selling it for. wherelike the old joke the guy in the clock trade would tell us we are losing money with every coat we sell. the father says, it's easy and we make it up in overhead. the overhead here is sticking the bill to congress. solyndra was about a $500 million loan guarantee. the government should not be picking winners and losers. they do not have skin in the game, but what they have is influence. jim is in royal oak, michigan. caller: thank you for taking my call. be referred back to the 1950's. bought me a book of the front page of "the new york times" going back 100 years. there was a small article on the page of that one saying that our

high school education was only doing something if you are going to college. otherwise, it wasn't doing anything for the rest. now -- they go to high school and they are not qualified for another job. in germany, when you get out of high school, your qualified for a technical job. we have been wasting billions and billions and billions of of dollars on high school education and it has not been doing anything for most of our people. i like your comment on that. thank you. guest: i agree with that. i'm not able to micromanage how things should be taught in school, but we seem obviously to have moved away from teaching basic skills in math and

english. you are absolutely right about the need to teach work-related skills as they do in countries like germany. what we have is an educational bureaucracy, which resembles a soviet department store, which is organized around how do we make life good for the department clerks not for the customers. if you ask what the problem is, i think one problem is exactly that. clout of nea, the teachers union, is a great cause of the problem. i described in my book a new class a kind of aristocracy at the top of the heap. these are people who are ordinarily not in favor of educational reform. some of them are, but in general, they aren't. they vote against it when given the chance to do so. it is no skin off their nose because they will send their

kids to private school. isyou are an aristocrat, precisely the case that you do not want other people to rise. it should be shocking because even the bird of prey knows not to plow its own nest. for the new class, it is not their nest but the nest of the others. host: what do you teach at george mason? guest: i teach a course on the framers. these are the guys who assembled in philadelphia. what was great about them is that they were not the orists. they were good, smart, practical politicians. we nearly split apart and became three countries. there were british spies there. there were french spies. it was a deal made by guys we have never heard of. james madison really had a very minor role. everything he proposed was shot down pretty much. it is a wonderful story. i teach a course on contracts,

which is real nice because the way i teach it really has not changed in 50 years. rist: who is the most theo of the founding fathers? guest: the biggest theorist would be either hamilton or madison, but that explains why they got nowhere. madison was someone who dug in his heels and he is someone who would've wanted a walkout at one point. he did not get his way and it was a breakfast meeting on the morning of july 17. if you read his notes, he probably wanted the whole thing to collapse at that point. it did not because of more prudent people like gouverneur morris. that is why july 17 is the most important day in american history. host: the next call for frank buckley. a few minutes left in our program with them. diane and the