government can appropriately safeguard its interests, its citizens, its future. and that requires the experts to be able to get together, the legal, the technical, the practitioners to find some way that is not going to be perceived as a back door but going to allow the government to legitimately carry out its responsibilities while not compromising the great benefits that accrue to encryption. it is largely a private sector issue and there needs to be an understanding about the government about what our respective roles and responsibilities are going to be able to be to find a solution to

optimize what it is we're trying to achieve which is liberty, freedom and prosperity. i continue to encourage you to tackle this issue and encourage the american people what it is and so they don't fear the government's role which is what is happening right now because they don't understand it. we have an obligation to protect our people. senator hime rick: thank you for on that ective . >> you helped to lead or didn't lead when he was president-elect the intelligence transition's team as part of your responsibility to brief the and president on issues he intelligence community.

>> that individual who was elected needed to use all four eight years in order to tackle this issue because it was going to take time in order to come up with the types of understanding that are necessary. terrorism is going to continue to playing us. and that's related to the cyber issue and how we're going to make sure that f.b.i. and c.i.a. are going to continue to protect this country. under continued development of the nuclear program that is a threat to the region and to us. instability in the middle east and africa and the lack of capables within these countries so they are unable to tackle the

political, the societal, the cultural challenges and i'm really worried about how instability is going to continue to erode and corrode some of the foundations of governance and how more and more individuals because of their feelings of being disenfranchised from the government are now identifying with some national groups hether it be with an isil or a nusra or boca ha ran. they're identifying themselves with a terrorist organization. that's a disturbing friend that i believe this country can help address. we cannot solve it on our own. >> do you think we will have less proliferation of isil and isis whatever you want to call them today? we have less of the movement of terrorism worldwide if there was not a safe haven in syria and arke? director brennan: that's a big,

big part of it. we need to take away their safe haven because they continue to train and fight and gain revenue. their control of large cities like mosul and raka as well as oil fields. it generates revenues to keep their fighter osen the battlefield but to to support the terrorist organization. >> is there something that can reduce the amount of money that we're not taking or that should be having a higher tempo. director brennan: i think the u.s. has gone over these sites and refining capables. it's enter mingled with a lot of the low calls who are trying to eke out an existence. most have done a good job. that's why intelligence is so important so we can give them the insight into what we can do. >> help me understand the tempo of the pro-syrian forces and

their air strike tempo compared to our air strike tempo. are fortunately they increasing air strikes. many of the syrian modern opposition operates has succeeded the preoperational hostilities. yes, the syrians have gone over isil but a larger portion of their strikes have dreblingt what we considered to be the opposition that are trying to save their country from bashar a sad. >> you think they exceed the number of hostilities which is a piece of paper, it doesn't steam be an cessation. >> it is in the aleppo area.

-- do the russians hold to the letter in the spirit of those agreements? >> we'll have to get back to you in another setting on that, sir. >> thank you. yield back. senator cotton: senator? >> thank you for being here. you mentioned in your remarks about c.i.a. modernization and the desire to diverse fy the c.i.a. to be reflective of the diversity not only in our own country but also all the intensitys that we deal with in the world. can you briefly go over what you're doing to increase diversity in the c.i.a.? >> over the past years we had the director advisors group initiated by general petraeus my predecessor in trying to advance women in the industry. we have had implementation teams

to make sure that we have this, the objectives and goals of this study are being operationalized and assignment panels an other types of program that we have within the industry. i asked vernon jordan who a ember of our external board to spearhead team that took a look at all the facets, recruitment officers, training and development of officers and why we have fallen short of these and federal standards of what our diversity composition should look like. it was a hard-hitting report who came up with a number of recommendations. we have put together action teams on that as well. i have a lead officer. i have made mandatory training for my leadership team. in fact, about three weeks ago we had diversity and senior training for the senior most officers.

we have been so driven by crises that we have not paid attention to some of these imperatives that we need. to that's why we need to have our leaders actively involved in our efforts from development, sponsoring to recruitment efforts. i talk to various groups. >> that's great. you have a time frame for when you would like to see the results of these kinds of earths. what would these time frames would be? director brennan: yterday was the first one. i want to look at the mile stones that we need. i want to make sure that we have instituted some of the programs that are going sustain these efforts. it's putting in place the foundational elements of this. i think then the numbers that we're going to be looking at in terms of representation are going to increase over time. but i'm most interested in institutionalizing some of these changes. so it's not just a study that we've forgotten about. >> i think that's important. you said in a number of ways during your responses that the

question of what is the role of government as we see intensities such as isil who spread their means their propaganda and encouraging loan wolf acts -- lone wolf acts across the country? in order for us to determine the appropriate governmental role would be that one approach would be a commission. i think that's what senator warner's bill is to create a commission to figure out what government's role should be along with -- it was input from a lot of other folks like you. so would you say that is the best way for us? because you have said that the role of government is one that we haven't quite figured out. >> i don't know what the best way is but i just know that it has to be an effort undertaken by the government and the private sector in a very thoughtful manner that looks a the various mentions of the problem and is going to come forward with a number of

options, recommendations about how to optimize what we're trying to do on the national security, privacy civil liberties front that protect this is country and not seed this environment to the terrorist and those who want to do us harm. i do believe that with the tremendous technological advancement like encryption and other things they are taking advantage of the libertys that we have so -- fought so hard to defend. >> and think right now, although other people have talked about the need to figure out what we're going to be doing in this cyberspace, i don't think we've put in place any kind of a cohesive or coherent process. let me turn to china. the hague is expected to rule about china's claim in the south china sea and it's anticipated that the ruling will support the philippine's case that china has made excessive cases about

marytime sonchity. could the expected rule being a trigger for further escalation by china? >> well, in the recent conference in singapore, the chinese representative made very clear that they don't recognize the legitimacy of the arbitration tribunal nor will see to its findings. so so secretary carter made very clear that we do certainly do recognize that this there needs to be this type of arbitration given that there are a number of claimants to some of these features in the sea. and it's not just the philippines. it's other countryings as well. -- countries as well. there needs to be an agreed upon mechanism that will resolve these disputes. i think the united states has made very clear the important of protecting the freedom of navigation in that part of the world. and will continue to take steps

to make sure that people understand the united states is committed to navigation worldwide. >> thank you. thank you, mr. chair. >> do any senators seek additional questions. senator wyden has asked for one. the vice chair asked a question. she had to leave for an appropriations meeting. what's your association of north korea's cyber capabilities and intentions? director brennan: i think that the north koreans have developed a cyber capability as we've seen. some recent incidents over the last year or two where it has been employed. i think it's something that we need to be concerned about given kim junk u.n.'s pension to use whatever he can to cause jung-un's kim

pension to use whatever he can to cause problems. >> one last question from the vice chairman. isil is getting all the attention today. they're not the only terrorist organization out there. what are we doing and how oncerned are you on aqap and other potential organizations? director brennan: there are a number of terrorist organizations that don't be active outside of yemen. there have been recent efforts, collaborative efforts before the united states along with uae and saudi arabia and yemen to dislodge aqap from the port city makala. but there is an effort to dismantle that organization.

there are organizations in the rea led by the hakanis and les hkataiba. we work with the indians and the others to try to guard against their ability to try to guard against those attacks. we continue to dedicate a lot of resources to. the head of al-qaeda is still out there and continues to put out audio statements exoring his followers. this is a continue process for us. >> just a fast question. on this encryption issue, mr. director you think there's a government role here? you got me at hello on that. there's no question that the government can strengthen the personality safety of americans at this time. i think it makes sense to hire people with extensive experience in science and technology like we have in oregon, in silicon

forest. i can give you plenty of names. what i don't want to do is go backwards on digital security which is what's going to nap the government requires that back doors are built into the products of this country. so we will continue that debate i just want to make that clear as we wrap up. senator langford asked an appropriate question. what would you say to a new president? i've heard you touch on this but i would like to get it formerly for the record. if the next president of the united states directs c.i.a. to resume the use of cohersive interrogation techniques how would you respond? >> i have said publicly that i don't believe some aggressive co here'sive tactics are necessary. as you know the interrogation program was disband. i certainly have no intention of bringing such a program back and

and would not engage in waterboarding and other things ever. >> senator kaine? senator kane: any chance they're going to get a hold of any of libya's oil capabilities? because that's where a lot of their revenues have come from in syria and sirke. how do you assess the oil in syria an libya? >> i don't think anything libya is secure. there haven't be atenches made upon some of those oil facilities but today isil has not been able to gain control on them. we'll see if there are pocks of areas where he's been able to encroach. but there are some challenges there and there's a number of securities, militias and firms that are in that area that have prevented isil from taking it over. but we'll get you a more thorough response. >> i now i said i have a better

question. my wife said i say "finally" too much. it gets people's hopes up. >> she's a smart woman. >> we haven't talked about afghanistan. what's your assessment of the security situation in afghanistan? there's a proposed drawdown of our troops which has to start some time in the early fall if it's going to achieve the 5,000 -- the troop number in january. give us an assessment of the situation. is there -- i guess the short question is -- does the government have a chance or is the taliban just waiting and they're going to take back over? >> we're in the -- near the height of the fighting season. the number of casualties on both sides in terms of the ansf, the afghan forces and the taliban are greater than we have seen in a long, long time because of the number of engagements which

means that i think the afghan forces are stepping up and engaging in the fight more as u.s. forces have drown down. i think it reflects the intensity of the taliban efforts. they're really trying to erode the government's nold various -- we have worked with afghans to have them better consolidate their forces so they can protect the critical infrastructures in the city and transit rights. but the taliban are working with the hakanis. so there is continued concern about the taliban's ability to carry out these attacks. both in some of the outlying areas. but also they try to go after the capitals. is it still uncertain in my mind whether or not the taliban is going to make incremental progress? we are providing support for our afghan intelligence partners. but the -- there is still a

long, hard fight ahead in afghanistan for the afghan government. >> thank you. >> director, thank you. >> two takeaways from your testimony that i certainly heard that are relevant for today. there will be an increase in global terrorism as more pressure is applied in the battle space and i think that's something that we certainly have seen up to this point there. 's no reason to demand that doesn't increase. and that isil has become a global organization. and i think sometime we treat they a footprint but have quickly grown to that organization. i'd like to give a closing statement. i feel compelled. i'm not going to speak for vice chairman. but i this she'll associate with what i have to say. this feud between the tech

companies and law enforcement has to stofment -- stop. encryption is the issue that we -- that we describe it as. there is much more. technology is going to drive the united states economy for the next 50 years and the global commifment it is the secret sauce for our children and our grand tchoirn have unlimited opportunities. not success but testimonies. when the vice chairman laid on the table of inyippings it wasn't with the belief that we were smarter than anybody else. it was we understood what was at stake and we were willing to taken the heat and as you know, director, we've taken a lot of ate. and i don't regret it because we need to start a conversation about what the appropriate is. for the american people to understand for our agencies to

prevent and protect them that that comes with a price. and that this debate is about what that cost might be and what we're willing to accept. we can't separate the world based upon whose domain domestically and who is domained in foreign countries. yet, that's the beauty of the internet. it really doesn't matter. but if it wasn't important to locate the united states, we would have little manufacturing because most customers are overseas and they're here because we have in our foundational instruction chure things that they find important. things that they find important. one is the rule of law. i launched the encryption debate to the level it is today. we can't trust a judge on the bench to hear from the

intelligence community or law enforcement and understand whether somebody's met the threshold that they need to reach to access communications or data. well, let me say today, if we've got on the a point where we don't trust a judge on the bench, we have just gutted the rule of law in the united states. this to me is about so much more than encryption. this is about whether the united states is going to be the innovator of the world for the next 50 years. it's about what the next generation has in opportunities. >> oh, yes. freedoms, protection and prevention of terrorist acts. if we can't prosecute criminals by a district attorney or by a u.s. attorney because they can't gather the information they need to making a case in court, then

talking about orlando. we'll talk about the crime in every community because we're going have individuals that economied that walk and live to us next door every day. >> so i use the platform torksd i don't think i find disagreement from you or others in law enforcement. but i really believe that we need to take it hard. that what we do affects the intersection of the rule of law in technology in the future and we're so much bet tore that have that debate today. and the pendulum swings too far. post 911. we did some things that we thought what was right. we wouldn't do them again. we all agree. this is the opportunity to get this one right. not to go too far but to go to the right place, the right point. director, i want to thank you for your testimony.

i want to thank you for the resolve of your workforce. i want to highlight the professional staff of this commefment i think they're incredibly talented, dedicated. they travel to very unpopular spots where your officers are on a very basis. they do it not get in mile edge points. they do it to live up to the mission of this commune which is overithe of your agency and the rest of the intense intense generals community. on behalf of the united states senat and for the american people. we the ones that testify and certify that you do things within the letter of the law? or a' and when we do it's this committee's responsibility to report it. so they deserve credit because they don't get that credit very off.

please, receive our sincere gratitude for the work they. do there will be sop disappointing souls in the audience. but we will do it in a much productive way. thank you mr. director. hearing's adjourned. [captioning performed by national captioning institute] [captions copyright national able satellite corp. 2016]

>> president obama met privately with victim's families and survivors of the mass shooting in orlando, florida. he and vice president biden laid flowers in a memorial honoring the victims.

>> speaking to reporters, president obama said the nightclub attack that killed 49 people shows different steps that need to be taken to prevent gun violence. president obama: four days ago, this community was shaken by an vil and hateful act. today, we are reminded of what is good, that there is ompassion and 'em pathy --

empathy and compassion and most of all there is love. that's the orlando that we've seen in recent days and that's the america that we have seen. this afternoon, the vice president and i had the opportunity to meet with many of the families here. use might imagine their grief is beyond description. through their pain and through their tears, they told us about the joy that their loved ones have brought to their lives. they talked about their sons or their daughters, so many young people in their 20's and 30's. so many student who is were focused on the future. one young woman was just 18 years old. another said her father was a

appy girl with so many dreams. there were siblings there talking about their brothers and their sisters and how they were role models that they looked up to. there were husbands and wives who had taken a solemn vow, fathers and mothers who gave their full heart to their children. these families could be our families. in fact, they are our family. they're part of the american family. and today, the vice president and i told them on behalf of the american people that our hearts are broken too and that we stand with you. and that we are here for you. and that we are remembering

those who you loved so deeply. as a nation, we've also been inspired by the courage of those who risk their lives and cared for others. partners whose last moment was spent shielding each other, the mother who gave her life to save her son, the former whose quick thinking saved dozens of lives. jeeped i -- joe and i had the chance to thank mayor dyer, chief demmings, all who have responded in heroic ways, the outstanding police and first responders who were able to, through their professionalism and quick response rescue so many people. we also owe a tremendous debt of

gratitude to all the doctors and all the nurses who have worked day and night to treat the injured, save lives and prevent even more anguish. as one of the doctors here said, after the worst of humanity reared its ugly head, the best of humanity came roaring back. let me get that quote more precisely. after the worst of humanity reared its evil head, the best of hue mapity came roaring back. -- humanity came roaring back. now if we're honest with ourselves, if in fact, we want to show the best of our humanity , then we're all going to have to work together at every level f government, across political lines to do more to stop killers

who want to terrorize us. we will continue to be relentless against terrorist groups like isil and al-qaeda. we are going to destroy them. we are going disrupt their networks and their financing and the flow of fighters this and -- in and out of war theaters. we're going to disrupt their propaganda that poisons so many minds around the world. e're going to do all that. our resolve is clear. but given the fact that the last two terrorist attacks were on our soil, orlando and san bernardino were homegrown, carried out it appears not by external plotters, not by vast

snisted cells but by individuals who have seen the propaganda over the internet. and we're going to have to do more to prevent these kinds of events from occurring. it's going to take more than just our military. it's going to require more than team. r intelligence as good as they are -- as dedicateds they are. a focused as they are. if you have lone wolf attacks like this hatched in the minds a disturbed g -- person, then we're going to to take different kinds of steps in order to prevent something like

this from happening. those who were killed here were gunned down by a single killer ith a powerful assault weapon. the motives of this killer may have been different than the or shooters in aurora newtown. but the instruments of death were so similar. and now another 49 innocent people are dead. another 53 are injured. some are still fighting for their lives. slom have -- some will have wounds that will last a lifetime. we can't anticipate or catch every single deranged person , his ay wish to do harm

neighbors, friends, co-works or strangers. but we can do something about the amount of damage that they do. unfortunately, our politics has conspired to make it as easy as possible. -- or just an individual like those in aurora or newtown. to buy extraordinary powerful weapons and they can do so legally. so today, once again as it's been true too many times before, i held and hugged grieving family members and parents and they asked why does this keep happening? and they pleaded that we do more

to stop the carnage. they don't care about the politics. neither do i. neither does joe. neither should any parent out here. who is thinking about their kids not in the wrong place but in places where kids are supposed to be. this debate needs to change. it's outgrown the old political stalemates. the notion that the answer to this tragedy would be to make sure that more people in a nightclub are similarly armed to . e killer defies common sense those who defend the easy

accessibility of assault weapons should meet these families and explain why that makes sense. they should meet with the newtown families. -- some of whom saw je. who's children would now be finishing the thivet grade. why do you think our liberties requires these reaped tragedies? it's not that -- it's not the eaning of liberty. i'm pleased to hear that the senate will hold votes on preventing individuals with possibly terrorist ties from buying guns including assault weapons. i truly hope that senators rise to the moment and do the right thing. i hope that senator who is voted no on background checks after newtown have a change of heart. and then i hope to house does

the right thing and helps end the playing of violence that these weapons of war inflict on so many young lives. i've said this before, we will not be able to stop every tragedy. we can't wipe away hatred and evil from every heart in this world. but we can stop some tragedies. we can save some lives. of a reduce the impact .errorism attack if we're smart and if we don't act, we will keep seeing more massacres like this because we'll be choosing to allow them to happen. we will have said we don't care enough to do something about it.

here in orlando, we are reminded not only of our obligations as a untry to be resolute against terrorisms. we are reminded only of the need smarter implement policies. to prevent mass shootings. we're also reminded as what nites us as americans and that what unites us is stronger that the hate of those who target us. for so many people here who are lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, the pulse nightclub has always ban safe haven, a place to sing and dance and most

importantly to be who you truly are. including for so many people who -- whose families are originally from puerto rico. sunday morning that sanctuary was violated in the worst way possible. what ever led the killer to violence and terror, whatever propaganda he was consuming from isil and al-qaeda, this was an act of terrorism but it was also an act on hate. americans were targeted because we're a country that has learned to welcome everyone no matter who you are or who you love. and hatred towards people -- use of sexual or yen orientation regardless of where

it comes from, it's a betrayal of what's best in us. joe and i were talking on the way over here. you can't break up the world into us and them and denigrate and express hatred towards groups because of the color of their skin or their faith or heir sexual orientation. and not see something very dangerous in this world. so if there was ever a moment for us to reflect and reaffirm our most basic beliefs that everybody counts and even has dignity, now's the time. it's a good time for all of us

to reflect on how we treat each other. and to insist on respect and equality for every human being. we have to end discrimination and violence against our brothers and sister who are in the lgbt. here at home and around the world. have to lly at -- we challenge the oppression of omen here or overseas. here's only us, america. here in orlando, the men and women taken from us those who loved them, we see some of the true character of this country, the best of humanity coming roaring back with love and the

compassion and the fierce resolve that will carry us through, not just through this atrocity. but through whatever difficult times macon front us. it's our pleuralism and our respect for each other,: uding a young man who said he was supper proud of being latino it's the patriotism of an army reservists who is simply known as sfemplet t's so of our display of solidarity that might have been unimaginable even a few years ago. out of this darkest of moments hat gives us hope. seeing people reflect, seeing people's best instincts come out

maybe in some cases. but it's hard to change. it is or strength and resilience, the same determination when man who died here who traveled the word. mindful of the risks as a gay man but spoke to us question not be afraid. we are not going to be afraid. may we all find that same strength in our own lives. may we all find that same wisdom in how we treat one anotherer. may god bless who we lost here in orlando. may he comfort the families, may he heal the wounded. may he bring some solace to

those whose hearts have been broken. do e give us resolve to what's necessary to reduce the hatred of this world. to curve the violence. may he watch over this country that we call home. hank you very much, everybody. [captioning performed by national captioning institute] [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2016] >> we'll have live coverage tonight when democratic presidential candidate bernie sanders speaks to supporters in a video message. that's live at 8:30 p.m. eastern. next, an interview with senator tim kaine on his life and his career. he also talks about how he met his wife and why she's his public service hero.

>> senator tim kaine, how does somebody born in st. paul, minnesota, raised outside of kansas city end up in richmond, virginia? >> their wives are better negotiators. i grew up in kansas city. my parents were from a kansas farm towns. they got a job -- my dad got a job in st. paul. and after a couple of years, they were home sick. they moved back to kansas city. and so i was raised in the midwest and kansas city. went to mizzou. went to harvard law school but i met this beautiful virginian, my wife anne and when we decided to get married and we were looking in both places then i really learned what a great negotiator she was an she continued to best me in every negotiation but we've been in richmond ever since and we absolutely love it. >> the oldest of three boys? son r tim kaine: yes, my

a specialist he operates on baby. i think about my brother steve and my brother pat, he and his wife have a law firm that focuses on everything about the seefl commercial aircraft and they're both wonderful guys with kids. and i'm the one that got away because my parents are 81 and still alive and my brother has lived very close to them. they do like visiting virginia so i try to get them out a lot and i fly them back to the midwest. brian: you worked with your ad's iron shop, what was it? senator tim kaine: my dad ran a welding shop. it was seven employees plus my mother and my two brothers and me. they would make bicycle frames.

ornamental ire ron work balconies. kanter levers. would buy k that you in a retail store. and get up early before it got hot. my dad was a great business guy. he taught us that his business acumen would put his kids through work. they were unionized iron workers that put my brothers an my through school. it was a wonderful place to learn about hard work, and excellence, and you know, you have to be a team if you're going to be successful. my dad taught me a lot of good values through that business. brian: what did you learn about iron works? senator tim kaine: i took a year off to work with missionaries in honduras and i just volunteers to come help. i landed there. taking a year off of school

without knowing what to do. they said harvard law school, they has precisely zero relevance. but he said didn't your dad do something in our sflead he said you're going to run our vocational school. i taught kids to be carpenters and werleds, that i ran and grew and fund raised for it and recruited the successoror to follow me when i went to law school. i learned a lot of life values from my dad and from the business. the little bit iron working i learned was enough to add that curriculum into this school and teach kids some of the basics of welding when i was there in 1980, and 1981 which i was really fortunate that i was able to do. >> what were you like in high school? nerdy student. the best education is going to be self-edge case especially

read -- self-education especially reading. if you ask my teachers they would say i would have my nose in a book. i was real active in the student newspaper. it was an all-boys school. i was a cheerleader in the athletics program. we called them yell-leaders. the main thing about high school is taking off intellectually. it was a jesuit high school and the jesuit order of the catholic church has a real twin tradition of intellectual rigor. the motto is men for others. they try to teach your life by the effect you could have on other people's lives. and that combination of service but the intellectual rigor was great. my high school experience was really fantastic. brian: was it transformational

for you? nator tim kaine: in some way it was transformation. my parents were irish catholics. i always joke from our parents. if we got back on sunday night at k4r7b30 they knew the one church at 8:00 because we hadn't been to mass. so we were mass-going catholics and saying prayers before meals but like a lot my family didn't about their faith. 's been said, preach the gospel. use your words if you needed. but it was when we started to talk about faith and spirituality. that put me in a seeker mode which where it wasn't enough to accept what i had been taught but i wanted to find my own answers and that led me to years

later to take this year off and go to honduras. and it's continued to lead me. so i would say that high school experience with jesuits was a key part of my transition into an adult life where instead of accepting the answers of, you know, my parents or others, i've been a person who wanted to go find the answers on my own. and the jesuits get credit for that. brian: how does tim kaine view spirituality today? senator tim kaine: whatever i'm doing, i've got an inner dialogue going. what is the broader significance of this interview? what's the broader significance of a vote i'm taking. what's the broader service something i'm doing with my wife? i'm thinking about the momenttary reality but how it

connects with the bigger matters of what's important in life. and so i try to approach my job that way. and be upfront with people about it not because i want anybody else to be me. i'm not trying to convince anybody to do what i do. but i sort of feel like sharing my motivation with others is a good thing and i hope if i do that others will share their motivations with me and that's how i can learn and go get be better what i do and better as a person. so i -- i have a spiritual phrase that i use which is a wonderful phrase that was written by george fox who founded the quakers the friends. and in 11 words it conveys sort of a spiritual philosophy for me. walk cheerily over the earth answers that of god and the earth. walk, move, be active cheerfully, be upbeat. why be grim? why be burdened? over the earth, get out of your

neighborhood and out of your comfort zone and go abroad and go into new places. answer him. you can't answer if you don't listen so you have to listen before you can answer that of god, the divine spark in each person. and there is a divine spark in each person. that's the discipline of what i do as a person and as an official. brian: let's talk to your law school. you started out in journalism. >> yeah, i did. mizzou had a great journalism program. crusadef age during the and journalists. it's a joke about me. i went to mizzou and i started to work on the student paper and everybody who was there like me who was a perspective journalism student they were too cynical. i started to think, man, i can't believe how cynical these folks are. if i hang out with them, i will

not be fit to live with. i decided to go into the entirely uncynical professions of lawyer. the joke ends up being on me. ended up switching to economics. brian: why harvard law? >> i was unsophisticated. i assumed i would go to mizzou or the university of kansas but i had a great g.p.a. i did well on my law school board. and i remember going to talk to my advisor in the economic's department talking about going law school. he said, actually have you thought about going to harvard or yale or stanford or chicago? with your scores, you could go anywhere. and that thought had never occurred to me. and so i applied to a bunch of schools and i got into harvard and i desighed to go. i had never set foot on campus until the day i showed up for the first day of classes. it was a bit of a culture shock

going from the midwest where i spent my life and i hadn't done very much traveling at all to go to law school in cambridge. that was worth triple the twuewigs for the entire three years. i met my wife there. intellectual experience. brian: you decide to take a break. why honduras? what did you do? i was going to ask you about this picture. >> i had gone to college for three years. when i started at harvard at 21. i might have been the youngest person. all these people i met, they worked as journalists. they'd been in the peace corps. and i remember thinking two things, one, why am i rushing? life is long? why am i rushing? and also, i don't really know what i want to do with my life. i learned later they were better

actors than me. i thought what if i took some time off and trige try to figure it out? the high school i went too had coop next with the jezz witt commission in honduras. this was now 1980. and as i was trying to think about is there something i could do to maybe take a step away and learn and then decide on my path in life? and i thought, you know, when i was in honduras seven, eight years ago, i always thought i could come back and volunteer one day. so i decide to write these guys out to blue. a cup of them were still there and they said can i just come and volunteer. they said yes. and i march into the dean's office. and i thought i want to take a year. >> i remember their reaction. you want to take a year off. they checked to see if i had unpaid bills. them they checked my grades. he's not flunking out. it's not for grade reasons.

they had confronted that but i just knew that i needed to maybe step away from the treadmill a little bit to try to figure out what i wanted to do with my life. i felt like going to honduras and spending that year helping but more importantly learning would then help me make better decisions about my future. and it was all that and much, much more. brian: and this picture? >> so i was there in 1980, 1981 and i worked with these great jesuit missionaries, some were spanish, some were americans and honduras. my wife have continued to be supportive of the school ever since. we went back for our 20th wedding anniversary. my wife said we've been supporting the mission so let's go.

so we went back. and this picture was ash wednesday in 2015. i asked john cornyn -- senator cornyn from texas -- president obama wants to make a big investment in central american to deal about the community i worked with was right at the heart of this. i like john a lot, i said let us go but we can about this. i said i would make you a deal. come of mexico to talk about energy reform in mexico. i will come with you to honduras. i will learn about this issue. we went to mass at the main parish in the central square, and unbeknownst to me, we let them know we were coming, but we reached out to all the jesuits who have been there, and asked them to come into the great mass. --thehe diana center, h

guy in the center, he was my priest and training. i was about ready to retire. he came back from guatemala, they were all kind of part of the jesuit community when i was there. and they were young, vigorous 40-year-olds. now they are vigorous 65-year-olds or 70-year-olds, doing great work. the all came up the aisle as the processional happened react wednesday. i said, i think i know those guys. it was a very, very moving experience. we went to mass and went back to visit the school, and when i was there they were 25 kids, when i left there were 65, now it is about 400 kids. then we went up to the graveyard on the hill above down were a lot of our friends are buried. and we had just a little prayer service in their memory, these great colleagues, spaniards and americans, who has been their whole life there. they were buried there. it was a really special, special

visit. host: when you were there and early 80's, what did you learn about the people of honduras and america? honduras was the second foreign country in america, next to haiti, when i was there. what i learned was happiness is not that correlated with wealth. happiness is really correlated with are you a giving person or not? i met so many extremely destitute people, but you are giving people and happy, so i have the opportunity to meet a lot of wealthy that are not that giving or happy. so i learned from them that happiness is spread around the human condition. i learned from them the power of faith, and you do not have to avoid adversity, but the kind of understand it. i learned about -- i was getting a little bit tired of catholic

worship that i was used to, which was big suburban parish, 45 minute mass because you had to empty the parking lot for the next 45 minute mass. it was just so vibrant and chaotic and fun. so i learned a lot from them. especially probably, how strong spiritual life can help you deal with the challenges that we all face in life. and what i learned about our country was also -- i don't think you can ever fully understand the things about your own culture until you step outside of it. because you take things for granted. you think everybody lived that way, and they do not. here would be an example. honduras was a military dictatorship, so no rule of law. the jesuits i worked with were persona non grata. the military did not like them. and i work with people who prayed for the day they could vote for anything, that they can

vote for a mayor, must let the president of a country. but living in a country where voter turnout was low, where we had the right and nobody showed up, it really made a believer in me about our system. that the rule of law is a whole is better than the iron fist that people still live under all over the world. but then also, if you're in a society that gives you the privilege to participate, you have to take advantage of it. over toduras moved having democratic elections, and the pictures of my friends waiting in lines that were hours-long, finally they can participate. and you see those pictures all around the globe, some in south africa and other places, and really taught me about things we take for granted here, physical things we take for granted, opportunities. what having a government, a rule of law not of the dictator, having the opportunity as a regular person just to participate in choosing your

leader, that was a very transformative lesson to me about our own culture. and it kind of shaped my civic engagement. host: you come back, how did you meet your wife, ann? sen. kaine: she is three weeks iter than me, and i lord over. she grew up in roanoke, was to we to princetonnt princeton. the is an law students up to do disciplinary hearings in the prison, so it was a way to provide some help but also to test yourself on the feet if you would be a courtroom lawyer. ann was really involved in this organization. i have been involved my first year before i left, in the way she describes it she was supposed to recruit new members. she said we guy is coming back,

can you make an effort to go back and convince them to work? she claims that she not only was trying to balance me to come back, but was quickly trying to pay attention to her. and we were in classes together, and she made chocolate chip cookies once for study group, and her side of the story is that from the days of the first chocolate chip cookies, i was a complete gone her. i don't member the cookies, but i remember her well. we have been married 32 years this november, and she is my public service euro. lawyer, anda legal she helped me reform the foster care system of virginia. she played lead, and now she is secretary of education in virginia. she is a public servant and wife and mother and daughter and sister par excellence. which make it seem so easy,

which is not, but she makes it seem so easy. host: she is the only person to serve as a daughter of a governor and first lady? ne: thomas jefferson's daughter patsy, was later the wife of a governor, but my wife is the only person to have lived in the governor's mansion as a child and then as an adult. because the governor's mansion did not get built until after jefferson was governor. ofone really special memory me becoming governor in 2006 was, at the end of the long day of being sworn in and inaugural events, we go back to the governor's mansion, it is 1:00 in the morning, we walk in, the staff is there, they say to me, welcome home, governor. welcome backwife, home. she was coming back after being gone for 35 years. she had been telling all the kids about the tricks these to

play on people, thinking my kids would have the opportunity to actually use those stories. she kind of wishes she hadn't, but that is a dumb way. we had a remarkable time as governor. it is a huge honor to have the job. but one of the things that was so special was being able to be back what was, for four years, her home. transformative time in virginia, they came back to share that experience with us. it was pretty remarkable. host: what did your father-in-law like, and how influential as he been your career? sen. kaine: the first elected republican governor of virginia, i have no hesitation in saying he is my hero. he came back from a submariner in the pacific. there was a present of the written your electorate participating in the -- 8% of the virginia electorate

participating. it was dixiecrats trying to run things with polls taxes and everything. lynwood came back and said they are fighting for democracy over in the pacific, and i am fighting for a one-party state. i will try to build up a competitive, two-party in the state. there was a progressive alternative to the segregationist democrats feared he ran for the house of delegates twice and lost, ran for governor in 1965 and lost, all while building the party. the naacp supported him, organized labor supported him. andas elected governor, within the first year he had integrated public schools in virginia, and the democratic governors that have preceded him had fought like hell not to do that. he integrated the schools as an act of courage, as an active principle, and he was basically

thrown out of elective politics in virginia. he held one office after. he was a 40-year-old x governor who try to run for the senate, and finished third on the primary side. he cannot even get the nomination because people really bad about what he had done -- people were really mad about what he had done. he will be 93 in september. people look at what he and his wife, she was his equal partner in all of this, they look at what they did and they say, wow, now that was a guy who had a tough time, have to make a tough call and he made it the right way. ,and he changed virginia mistake that was looking backward to a status or the look forward. my for that reason, he is great hero. and he is still a guy that gives me a lot of ice. still a i am smart -- guide to getting a lot of advice. and when i am smart, i follow it. host: this is a picture -- sen. kaine: this is a picture on

the front page of the "new york times." he decided we are not fighting school integration, we will embrace it. he decided the best way to do it was not just tell virginians the way that it will be, but that is all family will participate. -- that his whole family will participate. governors kids to go anywhere, too often a public or private schools, but instead what he said is look, if i want to say the school integration is a good thing, to my kids will go to the neighborhood schools here, which were largely almost completely african-american schools. and i should escort them there and say look, education is important, kids should sit down regardless of race and get an education. that is a picture of my father-in-law and my wife's sister, the oldest of four kids, walking into kennedy high school school.ronirst day of

and there were a lot of pictures of southern governors blocking the schoolhouse door. in little rock and colleges like the university of mississippi try to keep black kids coming to sit next the white kids in school. as far as i know, there was only one picture of a white governor saying integration is good, not just for other people, but for us it is good. and that influence has been so powerful on me and my wife. i had a career as a civil rights years for about 17-18 before i got into politics. fighting for civil rights in virginia, largely housing rights, i did some national cases, but in my work as a mayor in a very diverse icity, being up hea courageous motor of equality.

host: you certain city council before being a mayor? how do that prepare you for serving in congress? sen. kaine: i think being in local office is the best training for any local office. important.p was i've always been a democrat. i jokingly said i became a democrat when my parents became republicans. but we ran nonpartisan, and people knew who was a dem and not. put it did not make a difference. partisanship was important. results were important. so you could say anything, but if people do not see the tangible effects of what you did, you are not getting reelected. that was really good training. thirdly, and local office you are accessible. people sat in the grocery store to talk about issues. when i was mayor, i once had a woman rear end pickup truck on broad street, and as the police were writing her a ticket, the policeman said, mr. mayor, are

you ok? she said, you are the mayor? there is this zoning issue coming up in city hall next week. so the accessibility of local office is a trait you get into, it is government by and for the people. you are up close and personal. you can make people happy or mad and local office than in any other office. and i was a starting in the place where partisanship was not important, results were important and ask stability was important, that, to me, has been the base of everything i've done politics since. host: you went on to be lieutenant governor. how did you approach that job, being number two in the commonwealth of virginia? wasn't in the governor to a longtime friend. we met at harvard law school in the spring of 1970. i was a kid from kansas city. he was from connecticut. we ended up back in virginia, i reconnected when he was chair of

doug wilder's campaign in 1989. we were friends, and i was his number two in command. for the real job of the lieutenant governor, the kind of more daily job is presiding over the state senate. i did something really smart. i got elected, there were 40 senators, and i had one-on-one meetings to say what do you expect to see in a provider? and i just listened/ . to be really proved helpful. and virginia is the only state with a one-term governor, so i knew mark would be a governor, and i try to learn everything from him. when i got the chance of being governor i would hopefully be better at it because i had the right hand of the governor. mark was a really good governor. he was a governor during some tough times, but then i was a governor during the really tough time, the worst economic crisis since the 1930's, the horrible shooting at virginia tech that occurred when i was governor.

and i think the experience of having been mayor, which was really tough because of some public safety issues, and then having to watch mark deal with challenging issues, being at his me tohand really prepared deal with really tough issues when i was governor. host: april, 2007. virginia tech, blacksburg, virginia. where were you that day? what do that to you about guns in virginia, and the issue of mental health? sen. kaine: when i was on city council, richmond had the second highest per capita at my time. i went to too many crime scenes and funerals, too many gatherings of victims in church basements to be supportive of them. so i had some scar tissue already. but that day in particular, worst day of my life, i had left to go on a trade mission with 100 business leaders from

virginia to japan and india. and we had just landed in japan, and literally landed, gone to the hotel, checked in, i fell asleep, my security detail says you have to call back. there has been a horrible tragedy in virginia. this is now midnight, tokyo time. my chief of staff told the will is happening, unfolding. we still not really know. i said, get me back to the airport. ann and i are flying back. as we are sitting back in the airport lounge, the tragedy is unfolding. injured,led, 70 more is horribly deranged young person who had mental health issues that were not being treated. and i flew death -- back just super jetlagged. and the president offered to fly me back from blacksburg to d.c., and i went and spoke to the tech

community the day after the shooting. and that began a real period of soul-searching, where i try to do two things. i just try to be a real friend to the family what lost loved ones. steve, i cannot convey to you the amazing diversity of family, and the random tragedy of violence. 19-year-old kids who have been on campus for 17 months, and a 75-year-old engineering professor, who survived the survived, and then he the communist takeover of romania, because he was not a communist and he spoke out of them, and the taken out of his academic position, oppressing him badly. he came to israel and the united states on a one-year teaching fellowship, and fell in love with blacksburg. wason that day, as cho killing all these people, he

blocked the door so the students could jump out the window. think about what it says about our country? had a guy who survived the holocaust, and would survive the communist takeover of romania and being oppressed under the communists, could not survive gun violence in this country. like i haded, learned as mayor but even in a deeper way, you know, just that we can do better and we need to do better. so after the shooting, i did two things. i'm still close to a number of the families, and i spent time with them, i'm still close to the children. i determined i would put a panel together to analyze everything that happened and make limitations about what went wrong and what we could do. -- make recommendations about what went wrong and what we could do. a tall enough to do that. they said you're just handing a lawsuit everybody in the state. i don't care about a damn lawsuit. we have to make sure that what

happened to these precious people does not happen again, or reduce the chance that it will happen again. i put together a really wonderful panel of people, none of them were connected to the victims or virginia tech, and a look at what everything that went wrong, and i met a lot of suggestions about campus safety, about training, about guns, about mental health, imago trepidations back to us. i'm very sad to say the wanting to couldn't make was cho had gotten the weapon that he should of any to get, but for a gap in the background record check. so i was able to fix some of that gap administratively, i went to my legislature and said look, we need a universal background check system. and we do have better background will make ushey safer by reducing the chance of gun violence. my legislature would not do it even in the worst aftermath of

the shooting in the u.s., and between my election and the swearing into the senate the horrible shooting, in connecticut of the schoolchildren and their teachers, and again, i made the case on the floor in april of 2013, i said we learned a lesson and blacksburg, now we learn a lesson again. we can make ourselves safer. we do not have to tolerate this. we can respect the second amendment and gun rights. i own a gun. we can also make rules and make people safer. and that day in the senate, legislation with a new town family sitting in the gallery, like that cloud of witnesses that is spoken about in the letter to the hebrews, watching us and sitting there with them, because we voted on almost the anniversary of the review tech shooting -- virginia tech shooting, we cannot do what we want to do.

very disappointing. sadly, these tragedies are continuing to pile up. we had a journalist shot on live to very close and roanoke blacksburg. we have to do a better job in this country. and you know, there are a lot of things i want to do in the senate. i work on a lot of issues. my hope that we can embrace some commonsense strategies that will end the scourge of gun violence in this country. and i'm just want to do all i can to make sure we do. steve: let me ask you about -- as governor, you have to deal with 11 executions. you are catholic. you talk about that. how do you deal with obligations in your personal faith? sen. kiaine: really hard. i don't think we need the death penalty. other nations have it, but i refuse to believe that the american public is demonstrably worse. i refuse to support the death

penalty. but when i ran for office, steve, the first thing i would do with my hand on a bible and sam would uphold the law. the law of virginia, passed by the legislature, is in the death penalty can be an ultimate punishment for the most serious crimes. if it is imposed by a jury and upheld by a judge and upheld by the court. and i really grappled with, i'm against the death penalty, but i will take an oath to uphold the law. and remember, i lived in a society where there was not a rule of law, what it was like were people get what they wanted regardless of the law. that was a bad system. when i told virginians that i was against the death penalty. but i would uphold the law. and i did that. there were numerous people on death row when i was governor, and if all of the appeals went through without them being given relief, and if they replied to me for clemency, i would look at the petition. but only in the instance of me

thinking they had a credible point of influence or they were mentally ill, or there was a huge problem with the case, i would exercise clemency in that case. but i would not give clemency were the facts were not there to suggest the person was innocent or had been wronged in some other way. very, very difficult. i mean, the hardest thing i have had to do in public life was that. they keptature, testing me, trying to expand the death penalty in virginia. probably about 20 times they put bills of my desk. i vetoed all of them. i told you i was against it. i don't think we needed. but when it came to carrying out the law that a jury and appellate court had reviewed in terms of the sentence of d butidual, i grapple only with the people that were entitled to clemency. it was a painful, painful thing. i mean, even though i have been governor for many years, it is

still painful to talk about. steve: what do you think is next for you politically? sen. kaine: i like this job. if you talk to governors, a lot you that it ist will tell great. i went to the senate and i am on some great to mideast on armed services committee. one of the few senators to have a child in the military. that is a pretty important connection. but virginia has a military connection. it is like second to none. to our deeply important state and to me. i am on the foreign relations committee. one out of nine virginians was born in another country. and i lived in another country. if you live summer else or a born summer else -- if you live somewhere else or are born summer else, you care about that. the budget committee, i don't know why they put me on aging committee, i still have not figured it out. but i really love my committees. i will be up for reelection in 2018, and i'm kind of taking john warner as my role model, in

the senate for 30 years. he did a great job for virginia and was courageous. if he's also may happen in his party for example that he did not like, when the public and party nominated oliver north for the senate in 1994, he said include me out. i will not support oliver north. that was very courageous. he basically said my country and commonwealth are more important than my party, and this would be the wrong thing for my country and commonwealth. but also his, willingness, to do what is right , along with my father-in-law using them as examples. steve: was serving as president of the senate give you a bigger platform? : i have a bigger platform now. i really like my job. i am happy senator, not looking for another one. as you know, i am doing a ton of work for hillary trying to get her elected. i think the world of her. she will be a superb president. i was one of the earliest

supporters of president obama. still am a friend and a supporter, i think he is in a really good job under very tough circumstances. in some ways though, in some ways, i think the existential choice, posed for the nation is even sharper than 2008. because it president obama had i wouldsenator mccain, have been disappointed. but it would not have represented a fun little change in the direction of the country, i don't think that but we have issues on the table like should you bring quarterback? should we take the virginia value of freedom of religion, head?tont its to paint ase a brush federal judge because he is latino? these are big, challenging issues. and the choice for the nation is an existential one.

i will do all i can to help secretary clinton win. and the nice thing is i do not have to travel far from home. the coverage and is now a battleground state. rather than worrying about the hanging chad in florida or a poll closing late in ohio, we just take your business at home. we have an identity to play a real role and will next president be? youe: what would tell her if she wanted you to be a running mate? i think i can help her win most by helping her when virginia. that is what i am doing already. she has a lot of direction she can go. she will choose a person who is the best suited to help her govern, and to help her win. i was ready for this back in 2008. and i mentioned, i think it is going to be me, but i do not feel that different now. steve: final question, you have three children.

what are they doing and what are they like? oldest is in for the commander in the marine corps, about to take a second deployment overseas. love the rain, very happy. my middle son, woody, is kind of the cool artist in the twin cities who does videography and photography. but in order to live, works in minneapolis rec and parts and spent his time doing his art. a really wonderful and great of god. and my daughter is in her last year at nyu in the theater department. how my wife ended up with a marine and two artists, i do not know. but we love them. we are proud of them. and we live vicariously through all of them. steve: and you are enjoying this job? sen. kaine: i really do. i love my colleagues. i wish people outside of the building you see all the negatives, and there are negatives, the place to be a lot better, i wish they could see

some of the aspects of my colleagues and i work with every day. media steve, in the climate, there is no conflict for a story. things will not get attention beard and there are negative that should get attention. what does not get attention is, you know, when i worked with bob corker to try and draft a bill forcing the president to submit and iran deal to the congress for review. he and i drafted that together, got a 98-1 vote. i supported the bill, he did not. but we set up the rules together in a bipartisan way. but when lamar alexander and patty murray rewrite no child left behind seven years after it expired, nobody can figure out how to do it, but they wrote it together. and we got a lot of technical education and stuff in a bill. that was hard and we got it done. and a lot of things happen that you not get as much attention,

but there are a lot of legitimate problems here that we have to do a better job of solving. announcer: we leave the program to take you live to vermont where senator sanders is speaking live to supporters on video. this is like coverage on c-span. sen. sanders: real change never takes place from the top on down, or in the living rooms of wealthy campaign contributors. it always occurs from the bottom on up, when tens of millions of people say, loudly and clearly, enough is enough. and they become engaged in the fight for justice. that is what the political revolution we helped start is all about. that is why the clinical revolution must continue when w. when we began this campaign a little more than a year ago, we had no political organization, no money, and very little name recognition. the media determined that we

were a fringe campaign. nobody thought we were going anywhere. well, a lot has changed over a year. during this campaign, we won more than 12 million votes. we won 22 state primaries and caucuses. we came very close, within two points or less, in five more state. in other words, our vision of the future of this country is not some kind of fringe idea. it is not some radical idea. it is mainstream. it is what millions of americans believe in and want to see happen. and something else extraordinarily important happened in this campaign, that makes me very optimistic about the future of our country. i hading that, frankly, not anticipated. that is that in virtually every state that we contested, we won

the overwhelming majority of votes of people 45 years of age or younger. sometimes, may i say, by huge numbers. these are the people who are determined to shape the future of our country. these are the people who are the future of our country. together in this campaign, 1.5 million people came out to our rallies and town meetings, in almost every state in the country. together, hundreds of thousands of volunteers made 75 million phone calls, 75 million phone calls urging their fellow citizens into action. canvassers knocked on 5 million doors. together, we hosted 74,000 meetings in every state and territory in this country. together, 2.5 million people

made over 8 million individual campaign contributions. more contributions at this point that any campaign in american history. amazingly, the bulk of those contributions came from low income and working people, whose donations averaged $27 apiece. in an unprecedented way, we show the world we could run a strong national campaign, without being dependent on big money interests, whose greed has done so much to damage our country. and let me give a special thanks to the financial support we received from students, struggling to repay college loan. from seniors and disabled vets on social security. from workers earning starvation wages, and even from people who

were unemployed. in every single state that we contested, we took on virtually the entire political establishment. u.s. senators, members of mayors,, governors, state legislators, and local party leaders. for those relatively few elected officials who had the courage to stand with us, i say thank you. thank you, and we must continue working together into the future. this campaign has never been about any single candidate. it has always been about transforming america. it is about ending a campaign-finance system, which is corrupt and allows billionaires to buy election. it is about ending the grotesque levels of wealth and income inequality that we're experiencing, where almost all

new income goes to the top, were people ownthiest more than half the population. it is about creating an economy that works for all of us, not just the 1%. it is about ending the disgrace of native americans who live on the pine ridge, south dakota reservation, having a life expectancy lower than many third world countries. it is about ending the incredible despair that exists in many parts of this country, where as a result of unemployment and low wages, and alde, drugs, cohol, many americans are dying in a historic way,

lower than their parents. it is about ending the disgrace of having the highest level of childhood poverty on almost any country on earth. and having public schools in inner cities that are totally failing our children, where kids now stand a greater chance of then ending jail, up with a college degree. it is about ending the disgrace that millions of undocumented people in this country continue to live in fear and are exploited every day, on their jobs, because they have no legal rights. it is about ending the disgrace of tens of thousands of americans, dying every single year from preventable deaths. because they either lack health insurance, have high deductibles, or cannot afford the outrageously high costs of the prescription drugs they need.

tens of thousands of americans dying needlessly. it is about ending the disgrace of hundreds of thousands of bright young people, unable to go to college because their families are poor or working class. while millions more struggle with suffocating levels of student debt. it is about ending the pain of a young single mother in nevada, in tears, telling me she does not know how she and her daughter can make it on the $10.45 she earned. today, reality that millions of our fellow americans are working at wages that are much, much too low. it is about ending the disgrace of a mother conflict, michigan, telling me -- flint, michigan, telling me about what has happened to her child to the limit as result of -- her

child's the moment because of the lead level. where people in california are unable to drink the polluted water that comes out of their fossett. inaucet. in america, in the year 2016 in a nation where the infrastructure is crumbling before our eyes. it is about ending the disgrace that too many veterans still sleep out on the streets. the homelessness is increasing, and tens of millions of americans, because of the lack of affordable housing, are now paying 40-50% or more of their limited incomes to put a roof over their heads. it is about ending the disgrace that, in a given year, corporations making billions of dollars in profit avoid paying a nickel and taxes because they stash money in the

cayman islands and other tax havens. this campaign is also about defeating donald trump. the republican candidate for president. after centuries of racism, sexism, and discrimination of all forms in our country, we do not need a major party candidate who makes bigotry the cornerstone of his campaign. whoannot have a president insults mexicans and latinos, andims, women, african-americans. we cannot have a president who in the midst of so much income and wealth inequality wants to give hundreds of billions of dollars in tax breaks to the very, very rich. we cannot have a president who, despite all of the scientific evidence, believes that climate change is a hoax. the major political task that together we face in the next five months is to make certain

that donald trump is defeated, and defeated badly. and i personally intend to begin my role in the process, in a very short period of time. but defeating donald trump cannot be our only goal. we must continue our grassroots effort to create the america that we know we can become. and we must take that energy into the democratic national convention on july 25 in philadelphia, where we will have more than 1900 delegates. i recently had the opportunity to meet with secretary clinton and discuss some of the very important issues facing our country and the democratic party. it is no secret that secretary clinton and i have strong disagreements on some very, very important issues.

it is also true that our views are quite close on others. i look forward in the coming weeks to continue discussion between the two campaigns, to make certain that your voices are heard and of the democratic party passes the most progressive platform in its history. and that democrats actually fight for that agenda. i also look forward to working with secretary clinton to transform the democratic party. so that it becomes a party of working people, and young people, and not just wealthy campaign contributors. a party that has the guts to take on wall street, the pharmaceutical industry, the fossil fuel industry, and the other powerful special interests that dominate so much of our political and economic life. as i have said throughout this campaign, the democratic party

must support raising the federal hour, andge to $15 an create millions of jobs rebuilding our crumbling infrastructure. we must ensure that women will no longer make $.79 on the dollar compared to men, and that we fight for pay equity. we must also fight to make certain that women, throughout this country, have the right to control their own bodies. we must protect the right of our gay brothers and sisters for marriage equality in every state in america. orlandoecent tragedy in has made crystal-clear, we must ban the sale and distribute of assault weapons, and the gun show loophole, and expand instant background checks. we must defeat the transpacific

tpp, and makeehe sure that bad trade deals you not get a vote in a lame-duck session of congress. the tpp must not come to the floor. we must resist all efforts to cut social security. and in fact, expand benefits for our senior citizens and disabled veterans. theust understand that greedy, recklessness, and illegal behavior of wall street has to end. that we need to pass a modern-day glass-steagall legislation, and that we need to break up the biggest financial institutions in this country, who not only remain too big to fail, but who prevent the kind of vigorous competition that a healthy financial system requires. we must aggressively combat climate change, and transform our energy system, move to

energy efficiency and sustainable energy, and impose a tax on carbon. it means that, further, we must protect our water supply by banning fracking. we must compete effectively in a global economy, by making public colleges and universities tuition-free, and substantially reduce student debt. we must join the rest of the industrialized world and guarantee health care to all of our people, as a right, not a privilege. we must end the disgrace of having more people in jail than any other country on earth, and move towards real criminal justice reform, at the federal, state, and local levels. we must pass comprehensive immigration reform, and provide

a path towards citizenship for 11 million undocumented people. we must take a hard look at the waist, cost overruns, and inefficiencies in every branch of government, including the department of defense. and we must make certain that our brave young men and women in the military are not thrown into perpetual warfare in the middle east, or other wars that we should not be fighting. but the political revolution means much more than fighting for our ideals at the democratic national convention, and defeating donald trump. it means that every level, we continue the fight to make our society a nation of economic, social, racial, and environmental justice. it means that we can no longer ignore the fact that sadly, the

current democratic party leadership has turned its back on dozens of states, and has allowed right-wing politicians to win elections in some states, with virtually no opposition, including some of the poorer states in our country. the democratic party needs a 50 state strategy, we may not win in every state tomorrow, but we will never win, unless we recruit good candidates and develop organizations that compete effectively in the future. we must provide resources to those states which have so long been ignored. most importantly, the democratic party needs leadership, which is prepared to open its doors and rankse into to its working people and young people. that is the energy we need to transform the democratic party,

take on the special interests, and transform our country. here is a cold, hard fact that must be addressed. since 2009, some 900 legislative seats have been lost to republicans in state after state, throughout this country. in fact, the republican party now controls 31 state legislatures, controls both the s mansion and statehouse in 23 states. that is an acceptable. we need to start engaging at the local and state level, in an unprecedented way. hundreds of thousands of volunteers helped us make political history during this last year. these are people deeply concerned about the future of our country, and about their own communities. now, we need many of them to start running for school boards,

city councils, county commissions, state legislatures, and governorships. state and local governments make in order decision. and we cannot allow right-wing republicans to increasingly control them. i hope very much that many of you watching tonight are prepared to engage at that level. please go to my website, berni esanders.com/win to learn more about you can effectively run for office, or get involved in politics at the local or state level. with the doubt that energy and enthusiasm our campaign has shown, that we can win significant numbers of local and state elections, if people are prepared to become involved. i also hope that people will get

ive serious thought to running for statewide offices in the united states congress. we need new blood in the political process. and you are that new blood. when talk about transforming america, it is not just about elections. many of our republican colleagues believe that government is the enemy, that we need to eviscerate and privatize virtually all aspects of government, whether it is social security, medicare, the veterans administration, the environmental protection agency, the postal service, or public education. i strongly disagree. in a democratic civilized society, government must play and a norm asleep important role in protecting -- and enormously important role in protecting us. for government to work efficiently, we need to attract great and dedicated people from all walks of life.

we need people who are dedicated to public service, and to provide the services we need in a high quality and efficient way. when we talk about a medicare for all health care program, and the need to make sure all of our people have quality health care, it means that we need tens of thousands of new doctors, and nurses, and dentists, and psychologists, and medical personnel were prepared to practice in areas where people lack access to the care. we need hundreds of thousands of people to become childcare thatrs and teachers, so our young people get the best education available in the world. it means that as we combat climate change and transform our energy system away from fossil fuels, we need scientists, engineers, entrepreneurs who will help us make energy efficiency, solar energy, wind energy, geothermal, and other

developing technologies as efficient and cost-effective as possible. it means that as we rebuild our crumbling infrastructure, we need millions of skilled and well-trained construction workers, of all time. it means that when we talk about growing our economy and creating jobs, we need great business people who can produce and distribute the products and services that we need, in a way that respects their employees and the environment. in other words, we need a new generation of people, actively involved in public service, who are prepared to provide for quality of life the american people deserve. let me conclude by once again thanking everyone was helped in this campaign, in one way or another. we have begun the long and arduous process of transforming america.

a fight that will continue tomorrow, next week, next year, and into the future. my hope is that when future historians look back and our country our move forward into reversing the and howwards oligarchy, we move forward crating a government represents all of the people and not just a few, that they will note that to a significant degree, that effort began with a political revolution of 2016. thank you all, very much. good night. announcer: ahead of next month's democratic convention, the dnc meets in phoenix to craft the official political agenda. watch it live starting at 1 p.m. eastern time on c-span. and to then on saturday a new eastern for continuing road to the white house coverage of the

dnc platform hearings. >> with the political primary season over, c-span's road to the white house takes you to the summers political convention. watch the republican national convention starting july 18 with live coverage from cleveland. going to: we will be the convention the matter what happens. and i think will go in so strong. >> and watch the democratic national convention starting july 25 with live coverage from philadelphia. ms. clinton let us go forward: and when the nomination and let us return, the party. >> and then we take our fight racial,al, economic, and environmental justice the philadelphia, pennsylvania. >> every minute of the republican and democratic party national conventions, on c-span,

c-span radio, and c-span.org. ofas part of a series presentations called the better way agenda, posted by house speaker paul ryan, republican presented their vision for restraining the powers of the executive branch and increasing congressional oversight of the federal government. house leaders spoke to reporters about their proposals at this briefing and the u.s. capitol's statuary hall. mrs. mcmorris rodgers: welcome to statuary hall. our history fills this chamber, our story as americans.

a story that's told in part through the statues that are around us. farmers, inventors, war heroes who stood up for what they believed and dared to dream big. to them it wasn't about title, it wasn't about job descriptions or titles. it was about writing their own individual stories about their own individual pursuits. because they were all characters in a much larger story. a story of america's promise. what is america's promise? a promise that every man, woman and child in america should have the freedom to pursue. a promise that no matter your background, your walk of life, you are free and empowered to choose your own unique version of the american dream. it's not a promise of perfection or a life without challenges. but it's a promise that you aren't limited to where you finish because of where you start. that is the promise of america. we sue this promise through the sculpture, architecture and

artwork all around us. after all, this is where the people's house of representatives first made its permanent home. where many of the early chapters of our experiment in self-government is written. even this place right here endured one of the earliest struggles to fulfill the american promise, when it was engulfed in flames during the war of 1812. you see, there's always been a challenge to america's promise. it is the fundamental struggle between freedom and power that started the very day our declaration of independence was signed. a struggle between trusting people to make the best decisions for themselves or a government that decides for them. it's not a republican or a democrat struggle, it's an american struggle. and it touches the very core of who we are. men and women who have written a story for more than two centuries, about how together we the people win this battle to

form a more perfect union. at that moment in 1814, when our struggle was seen through the burning timbers and the thick smoke in this room, it appeared that the promise of america had failed. that history had shown representative government was too weak to survive. that people couldn't govern themselves. but out of the ashes rose our capitol. a temple of liberty, where that promise continued and people through their elected representatives were central to its fulfillment. our capitol is the home of the greatest inheritance our western civilization has to offer. it is the greatest inheritance because it starts with people. here in congress the people write the laws, assert the ultimate power over their government, and express their consent to be governed. for thousands of years prior, the power to make law resided in pharaohs and tribal chiefs,

ceasers and dictators, kings and queens. government was the realm of a few privileged powerful people operating beyond the reach of the masses who were ruled. but then came the united states of america, where a new start was made, a rag tag group of believers seeking freedom from those who were trying to dream for them. we rejected the idea that the law is an instrument of special classes of people that are better or wiser or more powerful what started as a little promise of the people, by the people and for the people grew into a great one. but today americans are anxious. seniors fear retirement. parents worry about the future success of their children. students stress about finding careers to pay back their debt. hard workers can't compete with the tangled web of taxes, one-size-fits-all regulations and arbitrary rules. the reason they're so anxious and frustrated is because their

voices aren't being heard. they're afraid, they're losing representative government. and the country they have known and loved. over time presidents have come to legislate by executive order. over time courts have come to make laws from the bench. and we, congress, and our desire to avoid complexities and conflicts -- conflicts have ceded power in order to simplify the process of law making. so here we find ourselves again, in the age-old struggle, a contest that will determine whether we shape our dreams or whether others shape them for us. the people's house is the seat of representative democracy. no other institution has such power. because no other institution is as accountable to the people. presidents can veto, supreme courts can strike down, but