>> republican leaders wrapping up here with their tax proposal news briefing. you can find out more about the tax plan on our website. go to c-span.org and make sure you click on the "more information" tab. most of the house of representatives have left town for the july fourth break. they will be back july 5 for more legislative work. you can see the house live on c-span. president obama is heading to california today for fundraisers and to take part in the global entrepreneurship

summit at stanford university. at 1:45 you will be sitting down with mike zuckerberg. we will have live coverage here on c-span, again, starting at 1:45 eastern. we'll be live with jake sullivan, foreign policy advisor for the democratic presidential candidate for hillary clinton. he talks about national security and foreign policy in the 2016 presidential campaign. that will be this afternoon at 5:15 eastern. >> you realize this is not only something i'd love to do but something that could be different from the kinds of books that have been written about macarthur in the past and a way in which to really rethink and re-evaluate who this person was, what his real significance was, what his virtues really were that made him the most -- one of the most adored andage lated figures in american history but -- agilated figures in american history but his flaws and made

him unpleasant and even hated by millions of people. >> sunday night on "q&a," hudson institute senior fellow arthur herman takes a look at the life and career of general douglas macarthur in his book "douglas mac artur: american warrior." >> that's one of the things you have to say he saw the future more clearly than he often saw the present. whether it was america's role in asia, the rise of china, the split between china and the soviet union which he foresaw but also perhaps, too, the fate of american domestic politics. >> sunday night at 8:00 eastern on c-span's "q&a." >> with the political primary season over, c-span's "road to the white house" takes you to this summer's political convention. watch the republican national convention starting july 18 with live coverage from cleveland. mr. trump: so we'll be going into the convention no matter

what happens and i think we're going to go in so strong. >> and watch the democratic national convention starting july 25 with live coverage from philadelphia. secretary clinton: let's go forward. let's win the nomination and in july let's return as a unified party! senator sanders: and then we take our fight for social, economic, racial and environmental justice to philadelphia, pennsylvania! >> every minute of the republican and democratic party's national convention on c-span, c-span radio and c-span.org. >> well, the u.s. stock market and markets around the world for that matter are sharply down today after britain's voters stunned the world and chose to leave the european union. "the hill" reporting the dow jones opened trading off nearly 500 points in the first minutes of trading. it's one of the steepest collapse since the financial

crisis. the nasdaq and s&p 500 were also down by large amounts early. and they're issuing statements they prepared to react to any consequences to the british vote. here is more on what the u.k. referendum vote means from this morning's "washington journal." l step down following the vote. [video clip] cameron: i fought this campaign the only way i know how, which is to say what i think and feel passionately. i held nothing back. i was absolutely clear about my belief that britain is stronger, safer and better off inside the european union, and i made clear at the referendum was about this and this alone, not the future of single politician, including myself. the british people have made it very clear decision to take a different path, and as such, i think the country requires fresh leadership to take it in this

direction. i will do everything i can as prime minister to study the shift over the coming weeks and months, but i do not think it would be right for me to try to be the captain that steers our .ountry to its next destination this is not a decision i have taken lightly, but i do believe it is in the national interest out of stability and new leadership is required. a preciseo need for timetable today, but we should aim to have a new prime minister in place by the start of the conservative party conference in october. david cameron announcing his resignation following the vote overnight in the u.k. to leave the european union. on c-span, we are joined by michael geary, a fellow with the global europe program at the wilson center. michael geary, tell us why this vote happened in the first place. guest: good morning.

it is quite a shock to see that britain actually has voted to leave the european union after 43 years of membership. this particular referendum issue emerged in 2010, when david cameron became prime minister and in the conservative party, you had about 100 you were very much eurosceptic, and they had a lot of pressure on david cameron to renegotiate the terms of the deal. david cameron said if he got reelected last year in the conservative majority government, he would hold that referendum and that is where we are now. a deal withkind of brussels in terms of renegotiation with europe and the british electorate today have rejected this. host: which political party in the u.k. winds up the winner on this? guest: i suppose the u.k.

independent party led by nigel . it has been the main goal to leave the european union. one of the main policies of the party. i think they are the only party because the labour party, there have party been calls for the leader to resign, along with david cameron submitting his own resignation, so i do not think the mainstream parties are going to and from this because of the mess that has now emerged with the decision to leave. host: of the many headlines this morning on the vote in the u.k., britain has is that voted to leave the eu, what happens next? michael geary, what does this ,ean for europe's relationships burton's relationships with the european country? the honest answer is we simply do not know.

the next stage will be for the conservatives to collect the prime minister and then the party will presumably start exit negotiations in brussels. what those negotiations will look like are anyone's guess leftse no country has ever the european union except greenland in the 1980's, but it is not like this case. they will be a process where untangle 43 years of rules and regulations and that will take between two years to five years, so a lot depends on the goodwill of the eu and the remaining 27 member states in terms of how generous they want to be the britain. the markets overnight are not reacting very well. how about politics in the u.s.? what happens to that special relationship between the american government and the

u.k.? guest: as you know, i think the british probably always considered the special relationship more special to them then to the americans. tois a big blow anglo-american relations, largely because obama had pushed for this. i think president obama's intervention might have been aunterproductive by promoting particular side of the campaign, but you will see now that britain's stature in the world will diminish. the world's biggest trading block. scotland is are you talking about a second independence referendum, and it scotland goes independent, it will look for the eu membership and it will raise questions about whether or not britain should continue to the un'sase on security -- a seat on the un security council given the reduced international position. host: michael geary with the wilson center. he is with their global europe

program and you can follow his observations on this issue today and in the future, gearymj on twitter. >> and once again british david cameron is resigning in october after voters voted to leave the european union. he said it's important for new leadership to oversee negotiations over e.u. leaders over the nation's exit. prime minister cameron made the announcement this morning. here's a look at that full even-minute statement. prime minister cameron: good morning, everyone. the country has just taken part in a giant democratic exercise, perhaps the biggest in our history. over 33 million people from england, scotland, wales,

northern ireland and jibralta have all had their say. we should be proud of the fact in these islands we trust the people with these big decisions. we not only have a parliamentary democracy, but on questions about the arrangements for how we're governed, there are times when it is right to ask the people themselves and that is what we have done. the british people have voted to leave the european union and their will must be respected. i want to thank everyone who took part in the campaign on my side of the argument, including all those who put aside party differences to speak in what they believe was the national interest. and let me congratulate all those who took part in the leave campaign, for the spirited and passionate case they made. the win of the british people is an instruction that must be delivered. it was not a decision that was taken lightly, not least

because so many things were said by so many different organizations about the significance of this decision. so there can be no doubt about the result. across the world people have been watching the choice that britain has made. i would reassure those markets and investors that britain's economy is fundamentally strong, and i would also reassure brits in the european countries and european citizens living here that there will be no immediate changes in your circumstances. there will be no initial change in the way our people can travel, in the way our goods can move or the way our services can be sold. we must now prepare for a negotiation with the european union. this will need to involve the full engagement of the scottish, welsh and northern ireland governments to ensure that the interests of all parts of our united kingdom are

protected and advanced. above all, this will require strong, determined and committed leadership. i'm very proud and very honored to have been prime minister of this country for six years. i believe we made great steps ith more people in work than ever before in our history, with reforms to welfare and education, increasing people's life chances, building a bigger and stronger society, keeping our promises to the poorest people in the world and enabling those who love each other to get married whatever their sexuality. but above all, restoring britain's economic strength. and i'm grateful to everyone who's helped to make that happen. i've also always believed we have to confront big decisions, not duck them. that is why we delivered the first coalition government in 70 years to bring our economy back from the brink. it's why we delivered a fair,

legal and decisive referendum in scotland. and it's why i made the pledge to renegotiate britain's position in the european union and to hold the referendum on our membership and have carried those things out. i fought this campaign in the only way i know how, which is to say directly and passionately what i think and feel, head, heart and soul. i held nothing back. i was absolutely clear about my belief that britain is stronger, safer and better off inside the european union, and i made clear the referendum was about this and this alone, not the future of any single politician, including myself. but the british people have made a very clear decision to take a different path and as such, i think the country requires fresh leadership to take it in this direction. i will do everything i can as prime minister to steady the

ship over the coming weeks and months, but i do not think it will be right for me to try to be the captain that steers our country to its next destination. this is not a decision i've taken lightly, but i do believe it's in the national interest to have a period of stability and then the new leadership required. there is no need for a precise timetable today, but in my view, we should aim to have a new prime minister in place by the start of the conservative party conference in october. delivering stability will be important, and i will continue as prime minister with my cabinet for the next three months. the cabinet will meet on monday. the governor of the bank of england is making a statement about the steps that the bank and the treasury are taking to reassure financial markets. we're also continued taking forward the important legislation that we set before parliament in the queen's speech. and i've spoken to her majesty,

the queen, this morning to advise her of the steps i'm taking. a negotiation with the european union will need to begin under a new prime minister, and i think it's right that this new prime minister takes the decision about when to trigger article 50 and start the formal and legal process of leaving the e.u. i will attend the european council next week to explain the decision the british people have taken and my own decision. the british people have made a choice. that not only needs to be respected but those on the losing side of the argument, myself included, should help to make it work. britain is a special country. we have so many great advantages. a parliamentary democracy where we resolve great issues about our future through peaceful debate, a great trading nation with our science and arts, our engineering and our creativity respected the world over.

and while we are not perfect, i believe we can be a model of a multiracial, multifaith democracy where people can come and make a contribution and rise to the very highest that their talent allows. although leaving europe was not the path i recommended, i am the first to praise our incredible strengths. i said before that britain can survive outside the european union and indeed that we could find a way. now the decision has been made to leave, we need to find the best way, and i will do everything i can to help. i love this country and i feel honored to have served it and i will do everything i can in the future to help this great country succeed. thank you very much.

>> democratic president candidate hillary clinton had this to say in part after the british vote in a statement she said -- republican presidential candidate donald trump is in scotland today for a business trip and he delivered remarks and answered questions from reporters at a ribbon cutting for the reopening of the trump turnberry resort, a golf club he renovated in scotland. this was after they approved the european exit from the european union, something trump said he supported. this is about an hour.

>> i apologize. r. trump: get him out. >> sorry, mr. trump. mr. trump: ok. thank you very much. i appreciate it and this is an amazing honor. it's an amazing day, very historic day for a lot of reasons, not only turnbery. this is one of the big -- turnberry. this is one of the big votes in the history of europe, scotland, everywhere. it was very exciting coming in and we were landing and we had just heard the results so i wish everybody a lot of luck. i think that it's purely

historic and what's happening is historic. so it's an honor to be with you. my mother was born in scotland in stornaway. she loved scotland. she would be here a lot. she would be here with my sister, marian and my sister, elizabeth and she just loved it. her loyalty to scotland was incredible. she respected and loved the queen and she loved the ceremony and the pomp, pomp and circumstance, and she was something special. and to think we'd be here owning turnberry one day would be incredible. she would come to turnberry with her friends and they'd have dinner at turnberry. she didn't play golf but they would have dinner at turnberry, so having taken this hotel and done the job that we've done with it is just an honor i was given the opportunity. we bought it about 4 1/2 years ago. the town council has been

incredible. the local politicians and all of the politicians all throughout have been absolutely incredible. they approved virtually everything that we asked for. we asked for the right things, but the approval process, because it's so historic, had to go through many different layers but every single thing we wanted they agreed. they thought it was good and in some cases great. we've taken the light house, hich is a very, very important building in florida -- i mean, in scotland and we've taken that building and made it something really special. inside the lighthouse right now is incredible suites and it's called the halfway house because this is the 9th tee and it's called the halfway house. on the bottom you have dining and golfers will stop and they'll go and get something to eat and then they go into the 10th hole, 10th tee right next door. and it was in disrepair and all of the people from landmark

scotland and all of the people we had to go through were -- i just thank you because it was a long, difficult process getting that approved, but they really wanted to see it at the highest level. and now it's really at a higher level than it ever was. when you see -- i don't know if you'll get a chance but if you do you should try and get to see the suites because they are two of the most beautiful suites you'll ever see. when the water is rough today, it's very calm. in fact, i've almost never seen it like this but sometimes you have waves that are literally crashing onto this piece of land we're on. it's one of the most beautiful sights you'll ever see. the hole didn't exist. they worked with us on design. they wanted to do these changes for probably close to 50 years because they were so obvious and we made certain changes to the course in addition to that, we fully renovated the course. brand new sprinkler system. the highest level. many of the holes have been

jiggered and made even longer and new greens and new everything and yet it's the same turnberry. with you the whole 9, 10 and 11 and 4 have been changed and moved out into the ocean. this hole is an example from approximately this area. would you hit over there. this was a par 4 and you'd hit over there and it was a much different thing. ow you're hitting out over the ocean. and just by the lighthouse you have a green and people think this will be the greatest par 3 anywhere in the world and then 10 becomes a par 5 that the golfers know and the members know. i think we have a lot of the members in turnberry in the back, the captain. we appreciate you being here. and we have then number 11, which is a spectacular hole. also a par 3. built right on the cliffs. and that hole was moved about 200 yards to the left. and tom watson saw me and he

won the british open many times, peter, right, and he said five. he said what a change. he actually thought it was a very easy hole the way it was, but he probably liked it because he'd birdie it all the time. what we've done is what everybody's wanted to do for many, many decades. i want to thank martin ebert who has done an incredible job as the architect. [applause] and i called up -- i called up the royal and ancient peter dawson who is an amazing man and great guy and talented person and loves the sport and loves scotland and frankly i said, who should i use as the architect and he did me a big favor. he recommended martin and so i want to thank you you and i want to thank peter dawson who

is with us now. headed up the royal and ancient for years. he's been just a great friend and i thank you for everything, peter. your recommendations have been incredible. thank you very much. my son, eric, was in charge of the job. wanted to come over here and ivanka and dawn came to congratulate eric. really, we gave him the responsibility for building the hotel. as you know was gutted down to the steel and rebuilt. i think it's going to be one of the great hotels of the world. it already was but it was in somewhat delapidated shape and we had a choice. we could fix it and paint it or we could do it the way we did it and we went back to the original plans. we were able to get the plans from the original architects from many, many years ago. it was 1906 and we went back to those plans, which are magnificent rooms, very big. they were cut in half and all sorts of things happened over the years. and we have something that's

very special. considered one of the most beautiful buildings in all of golf. i think we can say that, peter. usually a building, when you have a building on a golf course that's not an asset. that's called a liability. this is one of the buildings where even though it's in the distance, when you're on the 18th hole and you're looking down the fairway and you're looking at that building, it's considered one of the great, beautiful and historic sites in golf. as you know, jack nicholas won the open championship -- jack nicklas won the open championship and i guess the greatest, i guess one of the greatest tournaments if not the single greatest tournament in the history of golf was the duel in the sun, 1977 with tom watson and jack nicklaus which was birdie, birdie, birdie. and everyone wasn't in the match and these two kept going wild and that's when tom watson chipped in an area that you couldn't get from the green let alone get it in the hole.

the only way to get it in is if you chipped it in. jack is an incredible sportsman. the way he walked off the course was one of the great scenes in all of golf. and jack nicklaus is a friend of mine and great champion and great champions, whether it's tom watson or greg norman or nick price, we've had amazing winners at turnberry. and really, not only amazing winners for the open championship but some of the best tournaments they ever had. so we listened to the royal and ancient and we did what they wanted us to do. in addition, they put in tremendous miles of television cables and everything's underground so it's all ready to go from that standpoint. and the town is so happy and so thrilled and the town council, who's here, and i want to thank you very much for being here, they have been really terrific. so, again, in honor of my mother, mary maccloud, who is a terrific person. she came to the united states

at the age of 19. she was a beautiful, beautiful woman and a very, very smart woman and she met my father and that was it. they were married for a long time and they had a great marriage and really a great marriage but in honor of my mother, mary maccloud, and in honor of my children -- don was instrumental in buying it. my friends were here from dubai. great people. this wasn't their thing because they didn't know too much about golf. and they actually felt, why should we move a hole into the ocean when we already have a hole? and i said, well, it's that better. they said, yeah, but it's already there. they didn't understand the golf thing but it always did well. turnberry, because of its location, because of the fact you are on the ocean, because it's one of the most spectacular properties in the world, they always did well. but now since we opened we're actually opened a number of weeks ago, the course, and we haven't had an empty slot. peter, you'll be happy to hear

this. we have not had one empty slot. it's from morning until night it's packed so it's a special location. i don't know, it's just the location. everybody comes here, whether it's from london or wherever they want to be, they all want to come to turnberry. and with that i just want to thank a few people. i have to thank ralph who the one thing the other owners did -- [applause] they said -- where is ralph? ralph, the one thing they said, you have a man named ralph. he was an assistant manager at the time and one of the owners who is a friend of mine said he's the most talented hotel person and they said, you should have him be manager. we appointed him manager and it's great stuff. the hotel opened about two weeks ago and it's been amazing. . usually when a hotel opens you have drains not connected and pipes and water that's spewing through the roofs and all sorts

of things. we haven't had anything. they did -- done a great job. the contractors have done a fantastic job. the hotel is built to the absolute highest standards of luxury. the course is built to the absolute highest standards of tournament golf. i think there'll be nothing like it. in one of the reviews, i think it was "golf digest" in the united states, they compared the 14 courses and the 14 all great courses. it's where they play the open championship. and this writer said, turnberry is number one. but because trump owns it, i'm making it number three. i said to myself, that's hatred. that's hatred. but i'm used to that with the press. that's ok. i considered it a compliment. immediately sent that review. i just want to thank everybody. i want to ask perhaps eric and ivanka and don to come forward

and say a few words. and again ivanka and eric said, wow, this must be important because ivanka came, right? because she's something else. my children have done a great job. one of the very important reasons i'm here not only because we own it and we're going to cherish it, we're going to take care of it, one of the great, great places, great resorts of the world. but also because i want to really support my children. they worked they hard to make this property what it is and what it's now become. the reviews of the course have been phenomenal. not just like good. even people that truly hate me are saying it's the best they have ever seen, which is always, to me, peter, that's my greatest. when they hate you and give it a 10, that means you did a good job, right? but the reviews have been phenomenal and the reviews of the hotel have been great. the hotel is -- i didn't put a mortgage on it. we have no debt, no financing,

no anything. i wanted to do that with turnberry, didn't want to have any financing with turnberry because it's so special. i did this out of cash flow and we have an absolutely zero debt property. i think it's something that's going to be a great tribute to scotland and many other places, and also a great tribute to the world of golf for many, many decades to come. so all i ask eric in particular because he built it. i'll ask eric and identify advantagea and don to come forward -- ivanka and don to come forward. thank you very much for being here. [applause] >> thank you so much for being here. it means a world to us. it means a world to me, my father, anywhere these days, because of his hectic schedule we love you to death and thank you so much for coming. we really shepherded this process through over the last 12 months as he's been preoccupied in something else. our father put tremendous trust in us, tremendous love, and it's so nice to see it come to

fruition as we open up this hotel today. thank you, dad, to having the confidence in us. we wish you a lot of luck with everything you're doing. we'll be by your entire side and we're proud of what we have created. thank you-all very much. thank you to all our great members in the back. [applause] >> i'd like to perhaps reiterate a little what eric said and thank my father for the incredible opportunities and mentorship he's given us throughout the years. working for him, initially, and now with him, and now maybe we're doing a lot of it on our own. i just want to thank him for letting us sprout and grow and give us those opportunities. because he's done such an amazing job in his career and to be able to learn from the best is truly spectacular. being able to work in a family business is an interesting thing. you see so many horror stories about that, but to be able to work with him, to be able to work with my brother and sister on a daily basis, i guess we

have gotten lucky because we have done it right. it's incredible. i couldn't be happyier every day going into work. that's a nice way to live your life. i want to thank him for allowing us to do that. for being so great to us, a good mentor and teacher and always being there. thank you very muchment i hope we made turnberry great again. [applause] >> thank you, everyone. it is such a pleasure to be here. we all love scotland as a family starting obviously with my grandmother. we have a very personal sentimental attachment to this place. and she really loved turnberry. when my father first set his sites on it and we first visited here as a family, i knew it could be spectacular under his leadership. i think what was accomplished his is illustrative of bold vision and commitment to excellence. it's the only way he knows how to operate and i think this is the perfect example of that. being here today, seeing the

bold vision that he set forth, seeing the execution of his very capable team spearheaded by my brother eric is such a pler sure -- pleasure. i look forward to being here very, very often and enjoying it for the next 24 hours. thank you for being here and thank you to our amazing members who have been so supportive of the process. and all the government officials who along the way have given us tremendously positive and reinforcing feedback. we couldn't have done it without you. thank you. thank you, dad. it is really a pleasure. thank you, everyone. [applause] mr. trump: peter, i would love you to stand and get a little accolade because you have contributed. mr. peter dawson, thank you. thank you for being here. [applause] if anybody would have questions, go ahead. john? >> question about the brexit, do you see any parallel what

happened in the u.k. in terms of rising up against the status quo and what might be happening in america? how would a trump administration approach the brexit should you be elected president. scotland voted 62-38 to remain. should scotland leave the u.k.? mr. trump: i think people really see a big parallel. a lot of people are talking about that. not only in the united states but other countries. people want to take their country back. they want to have independence in a sense. and you see it with europe, all over europe. you are going to have more, in just, my opinion, more than just what happened last night. you're going to have many other cases where they want to take their borders back. they want to take their monetary back. they want to take a lot of things back. they want to be able to have a country again. i think you're going to have this happen more and more. i believe that. and i think it's happening in the united states. it's happening by the fact that i have done so well in the

polls. you look at the recent polling and the swing states and you see how i'm doing. i haven't started my campaign yet, essentially. we have done very well. we're raising a lot of money for the republican party. i'm going to be funding a lot myself. but we're raising a lot of money for the republican party. you'll see those numbers come out never the next 30 days. and in particular 60 days. the numbers that were put out last week were -- a very small period of time just to start. but we have raised a lot of money, especially money coming in in small -- from small donors. you'll be amazed when you see the numbers we're talking about because we were amazed and i was amazed. that will be reported fairly soon. do i see a parallel between what's happening in the united states and -- i do see a parallel between what's happening in the united states and here. people want to see borders. they don't want people pouring into their country that they don't know who they are, where they come from. they have no idea. not only did it win but a much bigger margin than people

thought. >> how would your administration approach the brexit? mr. trump: you have to embrace t it's the will of the people. it's not the question of not the question of approaching it. it's the will of the people. it's always the will of the people. ultimately that wins out. >> would you like to see -- should scotland leave, sir? >> what has taken place here in britain, the markets -- mr. trump: if the bound goes down they do more business. when the pound goes down more people are coming to turnberry, frankly. the pound has gone down and see what the impact is. i think places like scotland and england and different places in great britain i think you'll see a lot of activity. the pound got high, and people weren't able to do what they wanted to do. for traveling and for other things, i think it could very well turn out to be a positive. nobody really knows. you'll know in about five years. you'll be able to analyze it and take even longer than that. what is known is that they have taken back their independence. and that's a very,s very

important thing. katie? >> mom yum right now and you are on the world stage. are you traveling with any of your foreign policy advisors who knew this was going to happen today? there was going to be a decision. are you huddling with them to find out what the best way -- mr. trump: i have been in touch with them but there's nothing to talk about. i have been saying i would prefer what happened. i thought this would be a good thing. i think it will turn out to be a good thing. maybe short-term not but ultimately i think it will be a good thing. i have actually been in touch -- by the way, some like it and some do. they are advisors, they are like everybody else. they probably know less. every one of these advisors. somebody said you should use advisors that have been hot for the last five years. i said really? i think i want to use one that is haven't been involved. look what's happened. go ahead. >> follow-up, we had a special relationship, the u.s. and u.k., for quite some time. with this vote they are standing in the world, standing in europe will be diminished, their influence will be

diminished. will they still be the first call for the u.s.? mr. trump: first call or second? there will be a very powerful call. it will be a great relationship. great allies. always have been. i think zero will change on that score. there's never been a better ally. i think nothing will change in that score. >> mr. trump, do you believe that the u.s. should move immediately to renegotiate trade deals with the u.k.? or like president obama has said, should the u.k. now move to the back of the line in light of the vote? mr. trump: president obama did say, i guess, they should move to the back of the line. that wouldn't happen with me. the u.k. has been such a great ally for so long. they'll always be at the front of the line. they have been amazing allies in good times and bad times. sometimes they make mistakes together. but as we know they ha always been great allies. i will tell you i think that i was very surprised when i heard president obama say that. and i think he said that because he thought for sure it was going to stay together, but

it didn't stay together. and i felt it wouldn't stay together. again i think that's what's happening in the united states. it's not staying together, it's a really positive force taking place. they want to take their country back. the people want their country back. we don't want to lose our jobs. we don't want to lose our borders. they want to have wage increases. for the mement and all my members of turnberry, we have had hardworking great people that haven't had a real wage increase in 18 years. so they are working harder now and making less money. go ahead. >> follow-up on that. the treasury secretary, the fed chairwoman have both said they expect this, if it was successful, would have a negative impact on the u.s. economy. are you worried about that? mr. trump: they don't in a moment we'll have to see how it plays out. what i like is that i love to see people take their country back. and that's really what's happening in the united states. i think you see that. that's what's happening in many other places of the world. they are tired of it. they want to take their countries phenomenal --

some people are saying, when people asked me what i thought would happen, i said i thought it would break away. it was surprising because the polls indicated probably that it wouldn't happen, 80%. when i landed this morning, the first thing i asked is that. it was fairly close, but it wasn't that close. we'll see what happens. i think it will be a good thing. you're taking your country back. you're going to let people you want into your country. and people that you don't want, or people that you don't think are going to be appropriate for your country, or good for your country, you're not going to have to take. look, europe like the united states, has made tremendous mistakes over the last period of time. you look at germany, some of the things that are happening. there have been tremendous mistakes that have been made. i think it's going toned up being a very good thing but it will take time. >> your campaign has gotten global attention, all over the world people know who donald trump is and your campaign for

president, do you think anything you said in the united states influenced voters here in britain when it comes to leaving the e.u.? mr. trump: good question. if i said yes, total influence. they'll all say that's terrible, his ego is terrible. will i never say that. i'd like to give you that one, but i can't say that. look, the question was, what do i think? i gave my opinion a few times over the last few months, but i also said i don't want people to listen to it because it's not me. it's about them. it's about them. it's their country. but my opinion is that what happened should have happened. and i think they'll end up being stronger for it and control their country and control everything about their country. yes. >> amanda, sky news. david cameron said you were wrong when you proposed banning muslims from entering the u.s. do you think he got the mood of his country wrong and right to resign? mr. trump: i like david cameron. he had a couple of rough statements, but that's ok. i think david cameron's a good man.

he was wrong on this. he didn't get the mood of his country right. he was surprised. i think he was very surprised to see what happened. he's a good man. and he felt that way. and probably did the right thing. but we'll see what happens. i like david cameron. yes, sir. >> do you think following your arguments about sovereignty, do you think scotland should have its independence? would you support that? mr. trump: that's up to the people of scotland. we have been through this. and really, again, i leave it up to the people. i love the people of scotland. that's why i built -- i built in aberdeen one of the great golf courses of the world. it was just judged to be the greatest course ever built. new being defined from 1960 to present. we're very proud of it. and i have gotten to know the so well. scotland

through my mother and through everything else. the people of scotland are amazing people. and that question really has to be addressed to the people. it was a very, very close vote. i don't know that people want to go through that again. i was here when they were going through that vote. i didn't take sides. i will tell you it was a nasty period. i can't imagine to go through that again. the people of scotland may speak differently. yes? >> from what you said as well about europe and other countries in europe, would you support the breakup of the european union? because that seems to be what would happen. mr. trump: it looks like it's on its way. we'll see what happens. i can tell you i have a lot of friends living in germany that proud ways been very germans. to a level that you wouldn't believe. they would be bragging about their country. they would be talking about their country as though there was no other place. they are members of different places that i have. and now those same people, some of them, are saying they are leaving germany. they are moving. they never even thought of moving. now they are thinking about moving because of the tremendous influx of people.

you know what's happening in germany. it's a real problem. and these are people that were very proud germans that were beyond belief. they thought the greatest that there ever was. and now they are talking about leaving germany. and you see the problems in germany. so i could see it happening. i have no opinion, really, but i could certainly see it happening. i saw this happening. i could read what was happening here. i could see things happening in germany. i hope they straighten out the situation because it can really become a nasty -- it can be very nasty what's going on can be very, very nasty. building safe zones in syria. great idea. building safe zones, magnificent, big, safe as can be. but when you take them into the united states by the thousands, and we don't know who they are, when you are taking them into germany and other countries, and all you have to do is look around. look around the world, see what's happening. some real problems. >> it is easy for politicians

to use immigration to divide electorates. how does a leader unite people? mr. trump: you unite people by having a happy country. when people pour into the country and it doesn't work whether it's because of crime or various other things. you're not going to be uniting anybody. i just told you about germany where people want to leave germany. people -- i would never in a million years have said these people want to leave. but they are going to be leaving. you can't unite a country by forcing things down the people's throats. that's what happened here. people are not happy. yes, sir. >> a seismic impact on the british economy, do you intend to scale back your investments in scotland? how does it feel to be on the site lines of the newspaper? mr. trump: i have big investments over in europe. i own dunebag in ire lan, a phenomenal hotel. one of the most beautiful, one of the most highly deteriorate

rathed in all of europe. it has a golf course on this large almost 500 acre parcel of land on the atlantic ocean. and does great. i own turnberry, i own aberdeen. i'm going to stop at aberdeen for a little while. i'm leaving-dirble' only be here one night because i have to go back and campaign, which i love doing, to be honest. really i wanted to support my children who have really poured their hearts and souls into this development. i think you understand. go ahead. >> campaigning, a lot of people in the states are saying, did you really have to be here for this? mr. trump: because i support my children. next. >> you mentioned that you paid for turnberry without any debt. now you're a politician. does it bug you to have to pick up the phone and ask people to donate to your campaign? mr. trump: i don't like doing it. again, i'm an honest politician, probably one of the few. tom's asking does it bother me when you're raising money,

again, tom, i'm raising this money for the republican party. it's something i have never done. i always contributed money to lots of people. a lot of campaign contributions over the years. once i ran i became an outsider. he don't like doing that but i have done it. --i don't like doing that but i have done it. last week i was in houston. we had tremendous lines. the lines were on abc they reported, abc local they followed the lines all the way to the highways. i have never seen anything like that. then dallas where we had a similar thing. but we also had fundraisers. i sit with 20 people and we talk. they all you checks. binge, binge, binge. checks to the r.n.c. and republican party. i feel i have an obligation to do that. tom, the numbers are going to be, i think, quite staggering. especially in july. steve is here someplace. steve, are we doing well, steve? he's one of the great

financeers of the country, actually. i chose him and he wanted to do this. the numbers are staggering. don't forget, we just sort of started this process a few weeks ago. the first filing was for a very of time. riod but the numbers are amazing. actually, the numbers for the small donations, we have taken a lot of money otherwise, but the numbers for the small donations are coming in at -- i mean it's beyond anything that we thought. the $25 and $50 and $100 donations. but we'll be reporting in june, but especially the july report, i think, we'll show you some pretty massive numbers. i just did the other day. i matched. i put up $2 million and say let's see who is going to go. we have raised more than two. i guess i offered a $2 million incentive to people to put up money. i don't know if that was the

reason, but we had a tremendous response to that. david? >> back to the brexit thing, you said david cameron maybe misread the mood of his country. given that president obama came over here and tried tone courage people to vote to remain, and hillary clinton made it clear, what do you think it says about hillary clinton has misread the world and since she's a former secretary of state -- mr. trump: she's always misread everything. she misread this. i was surprised she was so bold -- the only reason she did it because obama wanted it. if obama wanted it the other way, said leave, she would have said leave. she does whatever he wants her to do. you know why? that's ok. we don't have to get into that. i was actually very surprised that president obama would have come over here. he would have been so bold to tell the people over here what to do. i think that a lot of people

don't like him. and a lot of people voted -- i think if he had not said it, i think your result might have been different. but when he said it, people were not happy about it and i thought it was totally inappropriate. when i said what i said, i told people don't do what i'm saying. do whatever you think. but this was just my opinion. he came in and really tried to convince people to stay. i said it was inappropriate and she doubled down and did the same thing. 219th time the they were wrong. they are always wrong. that's the problem with them. yes. >> david cameron resigning today, would you back johnson as -- mr. trump: i don't know. i'm sure he'll be good. he got it right. so that gives him an advantage. but i don't know. >> since your campaign shakeup i guess it was earlier in the

week, can't remember what day it is now, we have seen a campaign that has become more focused, more disciplined, more aggressive, and rapid response. you more on point i think than we have seen you in the past. is this the new you? mr. trump: i don't think sow. first of all corey was fantastic and we did a great job with a very small group of people. i say this to all the folks here that don't come from the united states, i ran a campaign in the primaries where we got the largest number of votes in the history of the republican party, primary votes. larger than ronald reagan, richard nixon, larger than dwight d. eisenhower who helped win the second world war. we ran a very lean campaign. i had fewer people and spent less money and i funded the money my sefment i spent $55 million i think. something. whatever it is. by the way, i'm forced -- legally i have to pay myself back. in other words, this has nothing to do with campaign. you won't see this. this is to support my children.

but if i use one of my resorts in the united states and we have a press conference or something, by law i have to pay myself back. i would like not to. i would like to say use the ballroom and not bother with it. a couple of people said -- by law you have to pay yourself back. i think that we should have been given credit for, in addition to winning, for winning with less money spent and with a smaller staff. so now we have a staff of 73 people. and hillary has a staff of 900 people. i won and she won. i don't think that -- honestly as a businessman i say, wow, he won with spending less money and smaller staff. i view that as an advantage. a lot of pundits say she has a much bigger staff. i think we're very nimble. i think we're doing well. you have seen the polls coming out. they are very close and equal. we just had one coming out from west virginia where i have a 25-point lead. north carolina came out

yesterday we have a two-point lead. ohio's even. pennsylvania's even. the national polls are getting very close. and i'm spending much less money. she's spending tremendous amounts of money. we haven't even started yet. it's going to be very interesting because she spent, what was it, $28 million? she spent a lot of money and we're even. i think that's a good sign. i think that's a good sign. when i won new hampshire i spent a tiny fraction of what other candidates spent. one in particular. i won new hampshire by landslide. that person came in seventh. i think when you can do it on a smaller budget and with fewer people, that's the kind of person they want to be the president. because to me that's a big thing. >> mr. trump, seven in 10 voters told us in a cnn poll they want to see you cut ties with your business. mr. trump: i will do that. >> while you're running? mr. trump: i don't think whether it matters while i'm running. soul reason,dy

want to see the job eric did because if he didn't do a good job he wouldn't be standing here right now. i would give him a hard time. he did a beyond job. this is phenomenal. just as you view this great course, you have to see the hotel that we built. it's phenomenal. i will absolutely cut ties. the rules are, nobody knows. it's never happened where somebody has had this big a business and runs for president and wins. if i win -- even though i don't have to do that, i would probably put everything in trust. my children will run it along with my executives. it's a big company. my children will run it along with my commecktiffs. and just do a good job running t let me tell you, the importance of -- running it. let me tell you the importance of the opportunity i may be given is so important and so massive, making great trade deals with china. and with you folks, by the way, but with china. the numbers are so staggering,

when you look at trade deficits $400 billion and $500 billion, the numbers are so staggering and so incredible. i wouldn't even be thinking about the business. who cares. i would actually say who cares? i would absolutely -- you don't with a to do this but i would most likely put it in a blind trust and they would run it or something. >> i think this is the ninth trump property we visited during your presidential campaign. why do you continue -- mr. trump: number one i have the best properties. you can say that. i will say a lot of the press has said, whether you like him or not, there's no properties like that. i have the best properties. you don't get to see that. but i have the best properties. the other thing is i why show you somebody else's properties? number one they are not as good. number two it's one of those thifpblgts i wish frankly i wasn't forced by law to bay myself back. we're forced to pay. a couple people say he's paying to his campaign.

i would love to give everything for nothing. but by law i'm forced whatever the fair market value of the ballroom is or whatever it may be that we use or an airplane as an example. i use an airplane, by law i have to pay it back. that's what i do. that's reflected in the filings. >> mr. trump, there's been a long-standing tradition in american politics that politics stops at the water's edgement given your comments about president obama this morning it seems that you don't seem to buy into that. mr. trump: he didn't stop it at the water's edge because he made statements about this incredible part of the world and that this particular country and frankly a large group of countries should do. he's constantly dictating to the world what they should do. the world doesn't listen to him, obviously. you can see that by the vote. but he's constantly dictating to other countries. certainly it doesn't stop at the water's edge with him. very importantly got it totally wrong. he's embarrassed. he's embarrassed by the supreme

court decision yesterday which was a real reduke. and he's very embarrassed by he got -- rebuke. he's very embarrassed by he got involved. i don't know if he did that because of a friendship with david cameron. i think it's something he shouldn't have done. it's not his country. it's not his part of the world. he shouldn't have done t i think his recommendation perhaps caused it to fail. one more question. votes much of the brexit has been economic issues that you have been hammering home on the campaign, low wages, lack of growth in the economy? mr. trump: a lot of it is. i think a lot is borders, immigration. i think i have spoken. i have so many members here, hundreds and hundreds of members sitting in the back. i have spoken to them. they are not happy with the people flowing into the country. they don't want that to happen. and i think that has a lot to do with it. i think the borders, it's not so different, it's amazing the world is not so different. we're on the other side of the

ocean but the world is not so different. we're right over there you go, many, many miles, right in that direction, and to be honest with you, i think a lot of it has to do with immigration. but i also think a lot has to do with the fact that they wanted to be independent. they get tired of seeing stupid decisions just like the american people are tired of seeing stupid decisions, whether it's the iran deal, whether it's the border where people just flow across the border like swiss cheese. they are tiring of seeing stupid decisions made. they are tired of looking at horrible trade deals. you have bad trade deals here, too. i think that has a lot to do with it. i think the brexit deal, when you talk about leave, i felt, again, knowing the people here very well, but not wanting to get involved, but i felt that was going to happen. i felt it was going to happen. and there is great similarities

between what happened here and my campaign. people want to take their country back. ok, maybe one more question. i almost delayed this. by the way, they said there were going to be 2,000 proteverts. it turned out, we counted them. 43. 43. and they are way over there. the police did a great job. but there was nothing much to do, frankly. there were 43 just on the record because we heard there were going to be thousands of protesters. 43. my members are very happy with donald trump, i can tell you. is that a correct statement? they love donald trump. i love what we have done here. this is a little bit what we're going to do to the united states. the united states has rotted infrastructure. roads crumbling. i have a friend who is a trucker, big trucker, one of the biggest in the world. he says he buys these new magnificent trucks that costs hundreds of thousands of dollars, and he's never had this problem before.

they are getting destroyed because the highways are loaded up with potholes. when you have an 18-wheeler or 16-wheeler and have these big massive trucks going down the highway at 65 miles an hour, and they hit a pothole and they are loaded up with tons of stuff, he said those trucks, no matter how good they are, they get wiped out. that's what's happening to our country. i think this is sort of a mini example what we have done here. the members love you -- loves us. scottland loves us. the councilmember here, do we have our council members here? yes. the council has been so incredible. it's been a big lovefest. what we do is the united states needs its infrastructure fixed. the bridges are a disaster. the roads are a disas templet my friend told me, he's never had a problem like this before. he said you go down the highways in a brand new truck that costs hundreds of thousands of dollars is virtually destroyed. they have to bring it back and have it rehauled because they are hitting potholes on

highways. our infrastructure is crumbling in the united states. we spent probably if you add it up now, $4 trillion, maybe more than that in the middle east, and we have a problem. >> the country is not a golf course. mr. trump: it's similar. it's a place that has to be fixed. there's nobody that knows how to fix things like me and there's nobody that knows how to build like me. i see you in the dark with the sign behind you. how about these two, sara, go ahead. >> given what sara just said, the ninth property we have been . to tomorrow will be the 10th. you take a lot of criticism out there for people saying your motivations are about your brand -- mr. trump: i don't care about it. if it was about my brand i wouldn't have done this. because i have given a lot. i have given up the apprentice,

i said i'm not going to do it. steve wanted me to do years more. continues to do great. i had to give it up because you're not allowed to do this with equal time laws and provisions. i have lost certain things. especially early on. early on i lost macy's. thrilled to see that macy's stock tanked because they were very disloyal. just over the subject of illegal immigration i lost macy's an a vendor for ties and shirts. it's not a big deal but it was -- this is not for brand. if i wanted to do good for the brand i wouldn't have done this because when you -- one thing about politics, everybody likes me. runs you run for -- once you run for politics you have 55 for you and 45 against. never had that before. very trfplgt my wife said to me -- very interesting. my wife said to me, i never heard this before, some of the crowd was hostile. i have been with you for many years anti-crowd always loved you. now half the crowd hostile and

half the crowd loves you. that's called politics. in politics if you run for office and you get 55% of the vote, that's considered a landslide. that's a big, big difference. but that means that 45% of the people don't like you. so for my brand this has not been a good thing. although look where we have come. we started out, we were 1-17. we won. we won. i think we're going to go much further than that. >> how tough -- mr. trump: this is a tough course. soon i won't be able to beat eric. he hits the ball a mile. he's a very, very good golfer. i think soon, my days are numbered. one more question. >> you gave a speech -- >> what did you think of the commentators and media outlets that said that vladimir putin and you are the chief been factors of brexit? mr. trump: i don't know about that. i think he would be probably

because i know how he's been scorned by certain -- to a certain extent. certainly he's not a person that likes our president very much. and our president doesn't like him very much. he said some very nice things about me. i think he probably is somewhat of a beneficiary. we'll just see how it works out. i think that the -- i think it's going toned up being a great thing. the beautiful, beautiful thing is your people have taken the country back. and there's something very, very nice about that. and very noted and it's been peaceful. and it was strong and very contentious. in many respects i watched last night. it was a little ugly. but it's been an amazing process to watch. it's a big move. when i came here i said, who is going to come out here? it turned out that probably more people came out here. there is a tremendous turnout. eea lot of local politicians who did not show up today because of your politics.

mr. trump: we had the entire own council. i have no idea. anybody else? > mr. trump -- >> you and mccaskill from the guardian. to pick up enough points. david cameron said he didn't want to meet you. mr. trump: where is david cameron right now? no, excuse me. david cameron would have met me. david cameron was negotiating to meet me. but right now i don't think david cameron wants to meet anybody. katie? >> the labor parties, you're regarded as toxic. mr. trump: i think what happened, i think we have a nasty day. i think we have something that people really respect what i did. i took one of the great assets of scotland and brought it back

to a level that it's never even seen. as great as turnberry has been over the years, it's been one of the great over the world, it's now at a higher level than it's ever been. it's never seen these levels before. we're very proud of that. one more. katie? >> today's vote to be an endorsement of your immigration policies or ideas and your -- at some point extreme rhetoric when it comes to building a wall, or banning muslims from coming to america? are you going to continue on with that? mr. trump: it's moving along. all i do i do the right thing. i'm doing what's right for our country. it resonates because i have a tremendous number of backers and support. >> is today's vote here an indicator for you that your rhetoric and extreme rhetoric is something that you should -- mr. trump: i don't think i have extreme rhetoric. i don't know. i think that what happened i was watching some of the

commentators before, and a lot of them were saying that. i'm not sure it matters from my standpoint. i think it does show something about the people wanting their country back. i can tell you in the united states the people want their country back. in the united states people want smart decisions, not dumb decisions. and we have been given dumb decisions for many years and the people are tired of it. and i have a feeling the same thing has happened over year and that's why you had the result you had. i love you-all. thank you very much. thank you to my members and thank you to the council. the council has been amazing. thank you for all being here. thank you. [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2016] [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. isit ncicap.org] mr. trump: we're going to do a ibbon cutting.

where are the council people? where are they? et some of them if you want. she's tough. hoa. [bagpipes playing] mr. trump: we do it on three. one, two, three -- because plause -- [applause] mr. trump: thank you, everybody. thank you.

>> with the political primary season over, c-span's road to

the white house takes you to this summer's political conventions. watch the republican national convention starting july 18, with live coverage from cleveland. >> we'll be going into the convention no matter what happens, and i think we're going to go in so strong -- >> watch the democratic national convention starting july 25. with live coverage from philadelphia. >> let's go forward. let's win the nomination and in july let's return -- >> and then we take our fight for social economics, racial and environmental justice to philadelphia, pennsylvania. >> every minute of the republican and democratic parties' national conventions on c-span, c-span radio, and c-span.org. >> president obama is heading to the west coast today for fundraiserers and take part in the global entrepreneurship

summit at stanford university in california. at 1:45 he's planning to talk with facebook's mark zuckerberg about government's ability to encourage entrepreneur shfment we'll have live coverage of that here on c-span. again starting at 1:45 eastern. a little later this afternoon, we'll have reaction to britain voting to leave the european union. we're showing tonight's itv news coverage of the brexit referendum response. that starts at 5:00 p.m. eastern today here on c-span. >> you realize this is something i would not only love to do but something i think that could be really different from the kinds of books that have been written about macarthur in the past and a way to rethink and re-evaluate who this person was, what his real significance was. what his virtues really were that made him the most -- one of the most adorded ---adored figures in history and also what were his flaws, and the

things that made many in many ways unpleasant and even hated by millions of people. >> sunday night, on "q&a," hudson institute senior fellow, arthur herman, takes a look at the life and career of u.s. army general douglas macarthur, "american warrior." >> that's one of the things about macarthur you have to say. he saw the future more clearly often than the present. whether it was america's role n asia, the rise of china, the split between china and the soviet union which he foresaw. but also perhaps, too, the fate of american domestic politics. >> sunday night at 8:00 eastern on c-span's "q&a." book tv has 48 hours of nonfiction books and authors every weekend. here are some programs coming up this weekend. saturday at 1:00 p.m. eastern, the annual roosevelt reading vest at this val takes place at the f.d.r. presidential library

and museum in hyde park, new york. the festival includes author discussions about the 32nd president, roosevelt politics, and personalities, as well as histories of the oval office. featured authors include paul brandeis discussing his book "under this roof, the white house and presidency, 21 presidents, 21 rooms, 21 inside stories." walter with macarthur at war, world war ii and the pacific. david priest, author of the president's book of secrets, the untold story of intelligence briefings to america's presidents from kennedy to obama. marlene with fair labor lawyer, the remarkable life of new deal attorney and supreme court advocate, bessie. mark workman, his book is 1941, fighting the shadow war, a divided america in a world at war. and alonzo with man of destiny, f.d.r. and the making of the american crentry. then at 10:00 p.m. eastern,

afterwards, historian pamela hague traces the history of guns and examples when and how they became part of american culture in her book, the gunning of america, business and the making of american gun culture. she also looks at the business end of manufacturing and selling arms. she's interviewed by william doyle, author of american hunter, how legendary hunters shaped america. >> i think it's strange to believe that the element of our gun culture that had the very most to gain by selling and promoting and celebrating their product is the very most invisible when we think about guns. instead much of the political talk today is exclusively about interpreting the second amendment. the gun industry has become almost invisible. >> on sunday at 10:30 p.m. eastern. marcia clark, lead prosecutor in the o.j. simpson trial

weighs in on the legal system and discusses her second career as a novelist. she's the author of the book, "blood defense." we spoke with her at the publishing industry's annual trade show, book expo america in chicago. go to book tv.org for the complete weekend schedule. >> facebook's chief operating officer sheryl sandberg took park with the american enterprise c.e.o. arthur brooks in washington this week. it touched on a number of topics, including the ability of technology to bring people closer together. her book, "lean in, and equality for women in the workplace and at home." this is about an hour. >> welcome, ladies and gentlemen. welcome to a.e.i. i'm arthur brooks, president of a.e.i. and i'm delighted to welcome my friend, sheryl

sandberg, the chief operating officer of facebook, to join us in this conversation here today. it's been a busy day here today. some of you have seen we have had many events. this is something i have been looking forward to for a long ty. this is an interview we have been hoping to do for months and months and months. we have had this on the books for four months. and this is as many of you know one of the last events we'll be doing here in this building. i think it's a capstone because we're going to be talking about so many of the issues that are important to you, important to me. i'm going to give you a quick bio it's not necessary but it's impressive. the person i have with me on the stage, i want to talk, dwell a little bit on what success looks like in america today. sheryl has been the chief operating officer at facebook since 2008. she came to facebook, facebook had 70 million users. which seemed like a lot at the time. and 550 employees. the like button had hitette to be invented. facebook today has 1.6 billion

users. over a billion users every day. 70 million were not many turns out. more than 13,000 employees. she's done a lot more than just that. i say that just that under advisement. she's the author of the to 13 bestseller, "lean in, women work and the will to." she's the founder of leanin.org. a nonpartisan, nonprofit organization dedicated to empowering women to achieve their ambitions. lean in has spahned lean in circles of women who are talking about the issues of -- they are facing. now i think there are -- how many? 28,000 lean in circles. this is social capital building. this is activism at its best. believe it or not, sheryl began her career here in d.c. good things in entrepreneurship can happen in d.c. ms. sandberg: that's right. >> it's a rarity for silicon valley executives. she went to work at the world bank and later served as chief

of staff in the u.s. treasury department during the clinton administration. welcome to a.e.i. ms. sandberg: thank you-all for being here and thank you for your friendship and inviting me here. mr. brooks: delighted to have you here. we have been looking forward to having this conversation for a long time. we met in 2006. i was teaching at syracuse and you were at google. we were both interested in philanthropy. i had written this book about who gives more to charity conservatives or liberals? conservatives. and i was talking about at stanford and sheryl was interested in the topic and came to a little talk that i gave. we had supper afterwards. that is one of the most interesting people i have ever met. and so great. we're going to meet again on the stage for this particular conversation. sheryl, i have a lot of questions. so does our audience. i want to get right to it. here in washington, d.c., kind of the kell belley of the political beast. a.e.i. is about ideas and not politics. we saw each other a month ago because facebook was in the

middle of -- it wasn't a controversy but it was something that had flaired up in which people had asserted that the trending topics at facebook had been either manipulated or had done something to suppress conservative views. i don't want to get into the weeds. discuss the controversy and how it was dealt with. ms. sandberg: thank you for that. facebook's a platform for all ideas and voices. as arthur said, we have 1.6 billion people using the platform which means all ideas have to be able to be expressed. trending topics is a small product which says which topics are trending. we have a small editorial, most of the work at facebook doesn't involve editorial. that was important because we needed some human editors. for example, without that, every day at noon lunch would be trending. we need some human touch to get this right. and dinner, around 5 or 6. mr. brooks: every day. ms. sandberg: every day lunch trend. breakfast, lunch, dinner.

so we had an ex-contractor on that team who accused us of having a liberal bias. that's a pretty important accusation and one we take seriously. it's also one which rang true to some people because there is concern that some silicon valley have a liberal bias. we did a thorough investigation. we didn't find a liberal bias but we still took additional steps to be more rigorous in our approach to rung the editorial team. put -- running the editorial team. there was a list we were using to val diet sites. we got rid of that. there is no list. we had this meeting that unites people across the country to attend. we have a full range of conservative voices. as you remember we didn't talk about this topic, we talked about how they were using facebook to get their voice out. this matters to us. it is a political time. and we're proud of the role we play in elections. not just here but around the world. the vision of facebook was to enable individuals to connect. not just to their friends and

family, but also to the people who are representing them and who they want to represent them. in this presidential election, facebook has been very broadly used. it's worth noting that donald trump has more fans than both bernie sanders and hillary clinton combined. we're also proud of our youth people. every member of congress has a facebook presence. and some of them, one of my favorite examples, is elise stefanik, the youngest member of congress, posts very frequently and explains itself. she posts almost every vote she takes to explain why she did t that is the vision of what we're doing. and one we're excited to see keep coming to fruition. mr. brooks: your investigation of this turned out what? and what engineering solutions just as a basic matter did you implement? ms. sandberg: no systematic bias, we take it seriously. and so we have -- it's interesting, we think a lot about diversity.

and it's something our industry struggled with. we struggled w we have a managing bias class that all of our leaders and employees have taken. but i was part of helping to create. and we have focused on racial bias, age bias, gender buy as, national bias. we're going to add a scenario on political bias. that as part of we think about helping people understand different points of view and being opened to different points of view. we're dealing with political bias as well. mr. brooks: that's interesting and encouraging. i spent a lot of time in northern california because i fundraiser all the time. and when -- i fundraise all the time. when i'm in northern california, one of the things you find it's hard to find people that have a conservative or religious world view in that part of the world. do you find -- you need to work harder to find employees and executives that can understand that? are you looking for more people that have that world view at facebook? and other companies as well? ms. sandberg: we think to build

a product that 1.6 billion people use you need diversity. what you want is cognitive diversity. different thoughts. mr. brooks: intellectual diversity. ms. sandberg: how do you get that? you can get that by having diversity of the population from age gerned, nationality, personal type. ideological and idea diversity. you also have to create an environment which rewards that. we have always tried to run the company where when people speak the truth to power, we're very open. that gets rewarded. we have this famous story of a young inturn telling mark, years ago, you're not a very good public speaker. you should get better at that. this is a summer intern. i think about six years ago. mark said to him you're right. and thanked him publicly. you're right. aim not good at that. if you look at mark now he's fantastic. mr. brooks: what happened to the intern? ms. sandberg: the intern got hired. it was an important question. the intern got hired.

at facebook. i was at a meeting at facebook and i was saying one thing i really wanted to do and then a young engineer i had never met in a group of 200 people raised his hand and said one of the worst ideas he heard was what i just said i wanted to do. whatdy with that i thanked him then and posted it to the entire company and thanked him publicly for disagreeing with me and explained he was right. he was. you need people with different opinions. and you need an environment where people can express those opinions. and we work on both. mr. brooks: interesting. as an executive do you surround yourself with people that disagree with you on purpose? do you hire people that surround you to disagree with you? i heard that -- lincoln did that. a lot of successful leaders throughout history have done it. ms. sandberg: it takes a willingness to tell people that you are allowed to disagree. if i make a mistake today, i'm going to say too much not too little. if i never make that -- never speak about that openly, what

are the chance that is someone who works for me, sheryl you talked too much in that meeting. zero? if i say i want to make sure i don't take too much of your time, i can walk out of the meeting and someone can say to me you asked me toil, you should have let me talk more in that meeting. but you have to raise it yourself. people are not going to speak truth to power unless you make that apparent. that's how we get not just different voices into the company, make sure we're listening to different voices. mr. brooks: let's talk a little bit about just -- not what spawned that particular controversy we started with but the broader issue of the dissemination of news and information. it's interesting when you're a fast growing company like facebook you never know what business you're going to be in next. you have been incredibly successful having situational awareness and exploiting opportunities. this has been one of the key case studies. when i was teaching at the business school i would talk about facebook and say it's just extraordinary how they see opportunities through the windshield and grab them as

opposed to having a 10-year strategic plan as if you were an old industry. that means there are things like news dissemination that you didn't know you were going to be in 10 years and are you now. and the difficulty of that poses it seems to me is that you don't -- your employees don't have journalism training. at "new york times," you wouldn't have just people right the news. they have to go to j school. what do you do to maintain the standards when you get into an industry like that -- how do you think of that? sheryl: we're clear of where we're in. we're not trying to hire journalists and right news feeds. the way we think about it is if you're sitting down with your friends and family at dinner tonight, what are the 10 things

you'd want to see? and we determine that mostly with machines and algorithms and the way we determine that is important. the average -- the median people on facebook, we have 1,500 stories you could read that day. i welcome you to spend that much time on facebook. but you won't be at a.i. employees because they won't -- mr. brooks: no. sheryl: so we need to make sure we're servicing the stuff you want to see first and how do we do that? we basically look at the things you do. when i choose to connect to a.e.i. or interact with your post, if when i see your post i look and follow them, i will therefore -- i will therefore see more of it. the top thing in my news feed last night with my friend marnie and phil. it was their wedding anniversary. why did i see that top in -- pop in my news feed? because they are my closest friends and i'm liking and commenting on their posts more

frequently. we would invite you to give us feedback. you can see hide this post or go to anyone's facebook page and profile and say i want to see this first. the feed gets better the more information we go ahead. mr. brooks: you would say less have human interaction with it and have more automaticed such there is less editorial discretion. you're look work are for less editorial and discussion. sheryl: there's little. as well as with trending topic. but for the most part, this is machine-based algorithm based on the actions you take. mr. brooks: are you worried that there are certain sort of pathological viewpoints that are -- hate speech and discrimination and things that were sort of against that will keep coming up and there may need to be more intrusion on at the editorial living or is it we have to deal with? sheryl: we have content

policies and we take seriously. there's no place on facebook for hate, for violence, for terrorism. and any of that content is pulled down and pulled off the site as soon as we can find it. mr. brooks: that does provide editorial discretion with the help of technology. sheryl: yeah. it heavily relies on people reporting that content to us. with 1.6 billion viewers we're not going to catch everything but we have 1.6 million viewers who report things and they do report things and when we see something that is hate, violent, terrorism, we act quickly tyke it down. not just content but work to take down the account. mr. brooks: that leads to some of the problems we're having in the united states, this topic does. i think that most people here probably agree there's too much political polarization or at least an unpleasant level of political polarization and something i've written about and you care about. one of the concerns is we're able to tailor the information we get through social media

that we get social scientists who always have a fancy one of the things that people are often concerned about, social media makes that easier and easier and easier. you can cocoon yourself completely from it. this leads to an experience that's not very enriching, i think. so i know you're concerned about this. what is your view on this? do you believe that facebook is inadvertently leading to episystemic closure? sheryl rrts a great question, an important question andru soiaes certainly come to, not all but most more specific point of view over the last number of decades. when you choose to go to fox or cnn or "new york times" you're going tore your point of view.

when you come to facebook, what facebook really does, and here's another sociology term, we strengthen your weak ties, not your strong ties. your strong ties refive to seven people you are in constant touch with. your mom, your husband, your wife, your partner, your child, your best friend. facebook doesn't change your interactions with those people because you know what those people are doing and they're in touch with them anyway. and facebook communicates with your weak ties, the people you worked with at your last company you don't see every day. the people you went to high school with. three of my high school friends are in the audience today. it's really nice. the people who you're not in touch with on a daily basis so facebook strengthens your weak ties and for the most part, when you go from a smaller group to a broader group, you go to broader political points of view. we think that facebook widens the points of view you see, particularly when you compare it from getting news from one news outlet which a lot of people do. mr. brooks: they certainly do. is there a way to inject more

weak ties into people's facebook feeds? is there any way to do that? sheryl: well, i'm glad you asked that. mr. brooks: from the american enterprise institute's point of view. sheryl: facebook is not going to inject anything to anyone. that's not what we're going to do. we don't have a point of view. we don't want to try to make you have a point of view. we're enabling you to connect with more people. certainly anyone who is watching or hear, we invite you to connect to a.e.i., to connect to arthur brooks if you want to so you can hear those points of view. our average person has 150 friends or pages they follow. and over time those numbers tend to go up. we do see that people are broadening out the voices they hear from over time and we provide the technology that makes it possible to do that. mr. brooks: let's move on a little bit to the impact of tech on society and on the economy. because this is something you have writened and talked a lot and you and i have discussed. it's important to you. you haven't launched any relationship with larry sommers

and with a lot of our mutual friends who written a good deal about inequality, economic inequality, inequality of opportunity. i know you feel strongly about it. it's a big issue in politics today, clearly. some of the populist trends we've seen in the presidential election has a great deal with inequality of opportunity. some scholars at a.e.i. have written to the extent which the structure of the economy is creating enclaves of winners and losers, the people who are being -- they're being facilitated into the success that they earn by the new economy and others who are being kind of excluded by that. now, you're in a part of the economy in northern california where you see big, big winners a lot and it's sort of hard to see some of the people left behind. some of the people from port clinton, ohio, where the plant shut down, etc. what's your view on how the new tech economy that you're part of, how it's changing inequality for the winners and

losers in the new economy, the postindustrial revolution, as it were? what are the trends that you see and what can we do together to deal with some of these trends? sheryl: inequality is rising and inequality is important and it's something we need to be concerned about. as an industry tech we have to ask, what role do we play? and all new technology, but particularly technology that grows quickly, raises real challenges and also has real opportunities. and the challenges are real. every time there's been real technological change from the industrial revolution on, as you say, it changes job models. it changes economic growth. it changes patterns of what the labor markets need. and there's adaptation that has to happen. there's also real opportunities created. so you look at job creation. the apalate story is eight years old and creates 600,000 jobs. people think that tech creates only tech jobs and that's not true.

at facebook there are 50 million small businesses that use facebook to sell and market around the world and most of those are not tech businesses. this is the local plumber, the local baker who are using facebook to start a business and most job growth in this country and all others come from small business entrepreneurship. my favorite example is the woman i met named emily. she started a company called sort and plow while she was serving in the u.s. military with her sister. shes with deployed in afghanistan. they used facebook to communicate. they then used facebook to sell their product. and they take military materials, tent uniforms, and make them into bags and accessories. fast forward a few years. she's now a veteran. her business is thriving and they employ 40 veterans doing this work and servicing their customers. and so technology unleashes entrepreneurship. that's a pretty low-tech business. they're selling handbags and selling accessories. i do think as a society, as policymakers in this town, we have a real role to play to make sure we're well positioned to take advantage of the

opportunities and meet the challenges. and it really comes down to education. there are 600,000 open competing jobs in our economy. our universities will churn out 43,000 computer science grads this year, not all of whom were born and raised in the united states and even have the ability to work here. so we have a demand for jobs. we have an economy that needs jobs and we're not investing in the right education to get people there. this means math. this means science, this means computer science. it's particularly a challenge for women and minority who is are getting even less of the education they need. but it's a really big opportunity for us and one we're not meeting now. i think we need to start thinking of computer science as a language. we teach reading. we teach writing. we teach computer science in our schools. we need to change and we need to change fast. mr. brooks: education reform is something we do a ton of at a.e.i. because we believe a human potential is a right that people should have and should understand that they have. one of the things we're talking

about along these lines is trying to reform education such that people have real skills coming out of high school and beyond just -- not enough people know how to code are going to become compute erskine tists in college. an interesting fact from our point of view there are 300,000 skilled welding jobs open in this country this year while we have a 30% unemployment rate for young african-american men. these are skills, needs mish mash so it's not just in coding in high tech things. it's in trades that are dignified, paid well and hard to outsource. what's your view just in general what we need to do urgently in k-12 education that could help us solve some of the problem to help get skills, entrepreneurship, computer, coding, technological education, what should we do now and how should we go about that? sheryl: we have schools that have churned out of 11% of graduate who is can read for decades and that needs to

change. our schools need to educate people so they can read, so they can write, so they can take advantage of a vocational education. we need to not be afraid to train people for the jobs we have, and we need to not be afraid to take a harder look at the basics. because it really is the basics of reading, of math, of science that prepare us to do any of this, to learn other trades and if we can't give kids the fundamentals by young ages we fail later on in the system. so i'm glad for all the work you do. there's probably nothing more important for all of us than stem education and educational reform in this country. mr. brooks: let's go -- we talked about how we can enrich people who would have more skills, from the tech industry. but let's look how the tech industry can lift people up at the bottom who don't happen to be in this industry. on this stage i interviewed bill gates some months ago and he's very, very concerned with the extent to which the postindustrial revolution has had a hard time reaching down to the bottom of the economy and alleviating, really

alleviating poverty. it's easy to see -- and this is related to what we talked about a minute ago -- how the post-industrial revolution is great for some but how can we add more human capital to people at the very bottom of the ladder, both here in the united states and especially around the world where poverty is a grinding phenomenon and ruining generations of people? sheryl: it's such an important question and at facebook we focus on kecktift. there are four billion people who have no access to data and that means they're cut off from health care information, job information, their voice can't be heard. particular issue for women. not surprisingly. 25% women are less likely to be cut off. the question is, how do you solve the problem? you solve the problem by actually addressing its root causes. for most people it's economic, not technical. on the economics, you know, the world bank puts global absolute poverty at $1.90 a day.

10% of the world poverty lives under that line. the average connected facebook user in the u.s., they're implicit, cost of data -- don't worry. it's $1 a day. that means that people in this room are spending in facebook data half of what the poorest people in the world are living on. so we know in order to get them connected so we can hear from their voices, we need to lower the cost of data. facebook has a program called free basics. it's an open platform where we provide free services, free data to people. and it includes health information, it includes job information, basic information they need. and so far with that we connected 25 million people. we face some real challenges in these programs but we're going to keep pushing because those people deserve the access we get and we see the benefits. for every 10 people who get connected, one is lifted out of poverty already and we can see the health benefits. things like maternal mortality. it's also an issue, by the way, mostly economic in the united

states. most people who are not connected fall under $35,000 a year of income. so we need to solve that. for 1.6 billion of the four billion, it's a technical challenge because they don't live in areas with access to 4-g which you need for data. one of the key ideas, our solar powered airplane which can fly for very long distances at very high altitudes and beam down connectivity and it has the wing span of a 737 but it weighs about as much as a small car which is why it can accomplish as much with as little energy. we're going to need things like that that get creative to get access to the people who don't have it. mr. brooks: a follow-up on that. walk us through how someone gets free basic in india, for example, how that -- having that service can be a facilitator for escaping poverty? tell the story of somebody where that happens. sheryl: yeah, we've seen that a

lot. we've seen people from mobile phones, agriculture users in the developing world, just figuring out for the prices they are for the goods they're selling and increase their income because they are cut off from data. we have stories through free basic of women who have access to basic maternal health information and therefore go on to have healthier pregnancies. basic information on season take for their children really improves health outcomes. people who can start businesses, not just for themselves but actually for a whole village with data from one cell phone. if you think about living a life right now where you have no access to information and then kind of turning on the light, so to speak, access to information on your own rights in your own country, this is being used in india for women who are largely in the home to be informed about their rights in domestic violence cases. if you're a domestic violence -- you often have trouble leaving your home so information that can't get to you in your home doesn't get

you but through free basics we've had stories of women accessing information on their rights in their own country on domestic violence and being able to connect with services. mr. brooks: it's interesting. one of the things that some of our scholars talked about, we tend to say what the poor needs to not be poor is shelter and food and basic health care. but one of the things we find that really lifts people out of poverty are communications, energy and credit. those are the things that -- so you can be basically maintained at a subcystans level with those three things but if you want to get to the middle class you need what we're talking about here. you say you faced some real challenges to giving away free data. how could you face challenges in a country, i don't know, take india, for example? what kind of challenges would you face? sheryl: we face some real challenges. anytime you try to disrupt an industry and make something cheaper you're disrupting an industry and making something cheaper and giving it for free.

we faced issues in india on net neutrality. we believe in net neutrality. it's important to have a free and open internet where services can be delivered not just from companies like ours but small startups. net neutrality has been used incorrectly in my view, in our view to keep us from -- to try to keep us and others from delivering free services to the world's poor. i don't think it was ever intended that way. i think the debate over time will evolve to the point where people understand how important it is for us to provide to the world's poor. mr. brooks: you go into a market and their entrenched competitors are providers of services don't like the fact that you're pricing it under zero and they object to it? sheryl: yeah. it happens from all different people and people want to protect local industries but sometimes the best of policies can be misapplied and we've seen that, not just in india, but in lots of countries all over the world. mr. brooks: interesting. these are the legal challenges you are continue to face? i guess what you would expect. let's turn to policy because

we're touching on policy right now. so as you may or may not know, you're in washington, d.c. [laughter] sheryl: thanks. mr. brooks: and i'm just going to -- i'm going to guess that the only reason you're here is not just to sort of see the washington monument and talk to arthur brooks. you must be here for something else on this trip. what are you doing? sheryl: so i'm here with my team. joe kaplan is with me and he runs our international policy and joe. we're here to talk about to -- to policymakers. we're at a place where we have to decide what kind of policy and regulatory environment we like. the united states in many ways has had the right policy environment for the tech industry and other industries to develop. we are a country of entrepreneurs. we are a country that is invested and supported innovation. and we need to make sure we have the right policy and regulatory environment that continues to do that here and around the world. so the people who work here,

both at the staff level and obviously members of congress and people running for office, they really matter in the right regulatory and policy environment. we're here talking to them. mr. brooks: interesting. so what kind of regulatory or policy environment is most conducive to the innovation you would like to see that will help the american public most? what are the big changes you'd like to see at the moment? sheryl: some of it is changes and some of it is maintaining things and maintaining that. we had a free and open internet. we had a global system where for the most part you can transfer data between countries. that's really important. one of the big open issues right now is the transfer of data from the e.u. to the u.s. because the legal and regulatory umbrella under which that has happened which was safe harbor and the privacy shield is under scrutiny and under challenge. and it's important that countries and companies enable us to work across borders. a good example is immigration. so facebook, 83% of the people who use facebook live outside the united states.

more than 80% of our workers live inside the united states. we have been able to do that because we've been able to hire most of the high-skilled workers we need. but the h-1-v situation is basically a crisis for our company and others because, as i said before, 600,000 open jobs, 43,000 grads not all from the u.s. we have to hire workers. as h-1-v's have gotten tighter, we've taken jobs that we had here in the united states and have to move overseas. we move all the ancillary jobs around us. so we're trying to conduct the majority of our business, you know, here, and we need the immigration system that lets us do that. mr. brooks: we had an interesting report from one of our scholars that showed that the -- an average high skilled worker generates about five jobs for those born in the united states. those are the ancillary opportunities you are talking about. sheryl: oh, i believe that. mr. brooks: just good public policy and good for everybody along the way. let's talk for a second about innovation.

we might turn back to policy if we have time but i want to talk a little bit about innovation. facebook is doing some interesting high-profile things in technologies that we do not expect. again, this has been an opportunistic company that has had innovative opportunities that most of us wouldn't have seen. so when you're investing in things that are counterintuitive it really gets a lot of attention. there has to be some there there. i'm talking about your investments in virtual reality through occulus and artificial intelligence. can you talk about the gee whiz stuff that will blow our minds. sheryl: well, i don't know about blow your minds but talk about investments and innovation. our mission is to help people share and connect all over the world. artificial intelligence is really important and i think sometimes very misunderstood. we are using artificial and machine learning right now to translate facebook into 40

languages that go in 1,800 different directions. so the reason people around the world can communicate is because of machine learning and basic a.i. we're using a.i. to make facebook usable for people who are blind. a.i. can read the picture in yours in feed so you know what's going on. and as we continue to invest in things machines can do, a.i. will help us bring us closer together and that technology is really important and really important investment for us. virtual reality is not just fun, if people have tried it, we have occulus, a great headset and now we have hands for touch. it's actually the greatest empathy, the ultimate empathy device because it enables you to experience something not quite realistically but closer. one thing is a film called a cloud over sentra which is a documentary on a 12-year-old real-life syrian girl. it can be a lot closer to knowing what it's like to be a

refugee. and it helps train surgeons to understand the other human experience. when we think about what technology can do, from beaming down from solar planes at high altitudes to give data at much lower or free cost to the poor to creating virtual experiences where you can experience things without the same kind of travel or life experience to a.i. where we can use machines to enhance the human experience, that's pretty exciting stuff. and we're excited to be making those investments. mr. brooks: so today, no doubt i will post a picture. five years from now i'm going to be posting an experience to my facebook page and the people who love me and know me are going to get that and they're going to have the experience that i'm having in a way this is less virtual. it's more like being there. is that what we'll see, is this what these investments are leading to, sharing experiences with people? sheryl: yeah.

i loved the post when you were in santa monica when your kids were more excited about the beach? mr. brooks: that was a shocker. sheryl: i posted a 360 picture at the capitol yesterday. it's cooler. you feel like you're there. when you try to experience something where we all can't travel around the world i think we can bring experiences much closer. mr. brooks: who knows what it could look like. if something smells weird i'm going to post that in a couple of years. who knows what the range of experiences might be. [laughter] sheryl: but on a -- that's fair -- mr. brooks: an odor on facebook. sheryl: we'd love to make that possible. i don't think we're working on it. mr. brooks: you heard it here first, folks. sheryl: how many experiences can you have? how many people can you touch? how many lives can you see? when we bring it closer, i think we have hope for the world to become more peaceful.

mr. brooks: on that note i want to take the last part of our time together to talk about some of the things you've done outside of facebook and sort of your personal journey. you have become a household name since 2010. not just due to facebook but because of a book, it's a phenomenon. it's an experience. a lot of people are talking about it and they're experiencing it to try to enhance their own lives. you got the leanin.org foundation, the great roots circles i talked about and just the phenomenon that the book itself created and the way it affected the lives of probably so many people who are sitting here in the audience and people who are watching us virtually. part of the message was how important it is for women who want to find successful in both careers and families, you emphasize that a whole lot. as most of us know, it's been a year since you lost your son, dave. how has the last year changed what it means for you to lean in? sheryl: i mean, it's an

important message. i posted something on mother's day how my perspective changed from losing my husband, expectly so unexpectedly. as a woman your career can really been benefited and your life to have a partner and i still believe that. i still believe that's important if you can find it. i became a single mother overnight and i became a single mother with a lot of resources. i don't pretend to have the experience most single mothers have in the country. but i certainly understand much more than i did today. and what i understand is that the american families are evolving and changing. since the 1970's, the number of children being raised by single mothers have more than doubled. have families who children, 40% are by single mothers. most live in poverty compared to 22% headed by a single father and 8% headed by two parents. and so the american family is

evolving. what it is to be an american family is evolving. certainly the help we provide single mothers is completely insufficient. you know, on a personal note, father's day was two days ago. i don't think i ever spent enough time thinking about what it was like to be a child in this country and not have a father on father's day but i sure did two days ago. i think as we approach everything from how we interact with each other to how we think about the american family, we need to understand that the families are evolving. mr. brooks: what are your ambitions for the lean-in movement? the sequel to the book, is it a movie? sheryl: it's absolutely none of that. we'd like to not have exist because we achieved equality and people are leaning in all the time. we launched the second phase of lean-in together tomorrow which is together women can, and that's really about women supporting other women and the goal is very simple. equality.

equality in the workplace. equality in the home. half our country and half our companies are run by women. we're very, very far from that. we have 17 countries who have 5% of the top jobs and half our homes and half the work with our children being done by men. the good news is that this is already, at least about to happen if not starting to happen. i'm superexcited about lean-in circles. we never thought we'd have 28,000. our goal was 1,000 a week. and 28,000 circles, they're lean-in circles, women, sometimes men get together once a month. except in texas they have hundreds because they say everything is bigger in the state of texas but they meet once a month and hear their ambitions. we hear this somehow they get raises. this is how they get that voice in their head saying they can, they can, not they can't. this is about cultural change. i'm going to ask the men only in this audience.

raise your hand if someone called you bossy as a little child, men only? always a few. women, raise your hand if someone called you bossy as a child? girls aren't bossy. and boys aren't called bossy because we expect them to lead. but leadership is so surprising from a girl that we call them bossy. i say to people everywhere, next time you see a little girl called bossy often by their own parent and say, that little girl is not bossy. that little girl has executive leadership skills. [laughter] i want to pause on something. i want to say it the other way. that little boy has executive leadership skills. there is no audience anywhere in the world that doesn't have exactly that reaction. there's no humor when it's a boy and there's lots of humor when it's a girl. why? because humor is about surprising our expectations. so it is actually funny that a little girl would have

executive leadership skills and that's the problem. to this day in 2016 we expect leadership from men, not women. the campaign we're launching tomorrow about women helping other women is important because i think there is another miss out there which is along with women can't lead or shouldn't lead, it's that women don't support each other. i think that is not true. women do support each other and they are supporting each other. and so tomorrow we're asking everyone to join us at leanin.org/together and post a picture of a woman who supported them. i talked to so many women today saying they are problem with posting tomorrow is they can't decide which woman to pick because so many women have supported their career which is i think what a lot of people think. and so we come together. we work together towards real equality. mr. brooks: i'm about to turn to the audience but i'm going to ask one more question. the reason i say it, i want those who have questions get ready. to get your questions ready and i'll tell you the rules as soon as i'm done with this one. this is an important topic for

me, this last one. i've done a lot of research and a lot of thinking personally about the importance of work. how work dignifies people, how work brings meaning into people's lives, how work is a sanctified, ordinary thing and how important it is for people to do work, whether it's formal work or informal work, work in the home, work is something that has to be done and deserved. the people i talked to in my research who has the most saving relationship with their work are people who can answer the following question -- it's not the question you ever hear in washington. the question you hear in washington is, what do you do? not the right question. why do you do it? if you can answer the why of your work, you're happy. what's the why of sheryl sandberg's work? sheryl: to give people voice so they can reach for their ambition across facebook and lean-in. facebook is about giving voice. facebook is about, you know, one of my favorite pages which is women in iran who post

pictures of themselves without their head scarives which violates law and there is a great picture of a grandmother, a mother and a daughter and the andmother say, i wanted to daughter feel the wind on her hair before her hair turns gray. and they post pictures of themselves in scarves. that's giving individuals voice. when you think about the history of being able to communicate, before facebook, before social media, you had to be you or me to get on local tv to have a voice and get an article. now everyone in the world can share what they think and that gives power to people and that is so important. with lean-in, it's really the same thing. it's about giving women voice and giving women the ability they can the world too often tells women what they can't do or what they shouldn't do. and we can change that. i'm going to ask the audience one more question. men only.

men. please raise your hand if anyone said, should you be working? [laughter] david dreier, should you be working? men. women, has anyone ever said to you, should you be working? 70% of mothers in the united states work because they need to. telling women they can't work and be mothers is absurd and insulting and goes against the economic reality most women face and so we can give people voice. we can tell them they can and help them come together to fulfill their ambition. mr. brooks: it's a nice note. and now we'll turn it over to our audience. here are the rules. please wait for the mike. i'll call on. the mike will come to you. please stand up and say who you are and what your affiliation is. if you have a protest a ement, just make it into question. who's the first question here? let's see. right here. andre. mike coming to you.

>> i'm surprised. you know, i am an international reporter here in d.c. now i know what my friends at the treasury aspire for now i see you. you have -- your company, facebook, has a huge following all over the world, including russia. but my question is about journalism. it has been touched upon a little bit. you defined facebook as a technical company, not a news company. but you are also a prevary of news, huge amounts of information, right, to people all over the world. how do you see the difference between your type of business and the regular news business? what can you do to each other -- for each other, help each other? since i am from russia, obviously i have a question. when will we have an f.b. office in russia?

sheryl: so the answer to the facebook in russia is i don't know. we tend to follow our users and follow the advertising opportunities in opening up offices. the answer on the journalism question is obviously the media industry is in flux and it's going through a change in business model that a company's technological change in how news is distributed. what we do best for news companies right now is get distribution and give voice. so reporters post, publications post. they're very important partners to us because we're able to get more people to read their articles and get more people to share. i think the other thing we do and we hopefully do well is give people a way to interact directly with their readers. some of the best journalists out there will post and say, hey, i'm about to interview this person. what should i ask? that builds their audience and in turn their organization builds moneyization for them as well. reporter: do you want to do something special for the media? sheryl: we want to make sure that people who do provide the

content have a good experience. that when they share they get what they want which is people to read their articles and the ability to monetize. mr. brooks: we'll go back up here. >> thank you. thank you, arthur. good afternoon, sheryl. huge, huge, huge fan. i have been twitting you crazy, tagging facebook. sheryl: nice. there you go. mr. brooks: i was going to say -- i wasn't going to say anything. sheryl: i am a fan of yours right back. >> by the way. i am a member of a.e.i. leadership network. i'm a small business owner. thank you, sheryl, for empowering me to create a women's empowerment network like i did in d.c. sheryl: yeah! >> i want to talk about bullying and words on facebook. we all see it in our personal feeds. we all see it on news articles and that is, does facebook feel that it has to do something

around bullying? we all see it. the "post" can put an article up and all of a sudden people are yelling and screaming at each other in the comment section. what is facebook doing to address bullying? and what are you doing to help us as users to improve our dialogue with each other? sheryl: it's a great question and we feel very strongly that there is no place for hate and no place for bullying on facebook. we have strict policies against bullying. we rely on users to report. probably the most important thing we've done, and it goes to exactly how you asked your question, is we've helped people have better communication with each other. if you put up a picture of a friend or you put up a post and your friend doesn't like it, we've enabled social reporting to where i can report to you, please take that down. we've learned over time if we help you make it emotional language, please take that down, will get some people to respond. please take that down, it hurts my feelings. please take that down, it really bothers me that it's up,

and you're quite likely to respond. the ability to communicate builds empathy with each other. most people's minds, not all, can be solved person-to-person on facebook because people are willing to be kind to each other. sometimes it can't be. when that bullying is reported, we work -- we work very hard to take it down and we've worked with schools and parents and local organizations all over the world. mr. brooks: thanks for that. armine. >> you talked about content policy that you have regarding terrorism. but we hear a lot of stories about the internet being used by the isis and others to radicalize homegrown terrorists. is it -- is facebook involved in this in any way, shape or form? do you stop it or is this all taking part in the deep and dark web? sheryl: so there's just no place for terrorism on facebook. we take it incredibly

seriously. there's no place for violence. we take things down as soon as we find them. we're also pretty happy that people will often say facebook is not the place of choice for terrorists because we have real name identity. it goes to part of the thing on bullying as well. people are less likely to do these things when they have real identity because their names and face are associated with it. you see it in comments. if you look at some media websites where people are posting anonymously, you'll see one form of comment. then some of these sites will enable facebook posting where your real name and photo is attached to what you say and i'm not trying to pretend that the comments are perfect but they're a lot nicer. real identity is one way to protect against this. mr. brooks: do you think in just in the general world, one of the biggest problems we have -- there is a very interesting article that i saw last year that showed that anonymous commentary on the internet after news stories is actually

leading indicator of psychosis. and sociopathy and basically what it says, those who are worried about dating somebody who's controlling and narcissistic, you should casually, do you write anonymously on news articles? it's a red line. just in general, is it your view that anonymity is an enemy an open sew site where people treat each other well? do you think we should work against anonymity? sheryl: there are services where people want to have authentic identity. authentic identity is a good enabler for good behavior, for sure. you a thentity -- you a thentity, when you're posting, you're arthur brooks and it says who you are. i can respond. it's also the case a lot of what has to happen -- not all, but it does happen person-to-person. so to the great woman back

there who started the women's network on facebook, you know, a lot of what happens is people come together to support each other when they can or even when they post something they don't like, they come together to fix it. mr. brooks: all right. who's next? let's go over here in the orner. >> hi. i'm mary kathryn hamm. one of the things i like about lean in, it's not just a policy prescription. it focuses on how we help each other as a group, how women can get together, these sort of outside government structures that we can do a lot with. as a conserve i love those things. i read your mother's day post with interest as a woman who did become a single mom suddenly. i found there were some policy prescriptions in that. here's my question. i'm just pushing back a little bit. do you think that when we talk about single moms because we sometimes lean on the policy

prescriptions we miss opportunities to create those outside government structures that lean in has been interested in doing? sheryl: lean in is focused on outside government structures. we're very nonpartisan and have circles all over the world of all types. and the circles are focused on individual action. so we have a free curriculum up there. we have videos and other educational guides and every single one is practical so if you watch the video there's always something you can do and do that day. so for example, women don't get paid as much as men. women don't get paid as much as men anywhere in the world. the first time to practice having the conversation where you ask for more money is not with your boss. do that with your friends. figure out how to negotiate and practice it in circles and we see that changing. and we see that working. and so we're very focused on individual action. and part of individual action for people at certain times and for me, for single mothers is advocating pour policy. but that can only ever be part.

i think there are very good examples out there of why policy can't be all of the answer. d one example i look to is norway. norway has had strong quotas for women in government and women on boards and they've had quotas over 40%. and that's worked to get women in government at 40% and into boards. do you know how many companies in norway are run by women? 3.4%. and so people have differing views on policy and policy can be very important but policy will never be sufficient because this is the culture. this is about whether or not we want and encourage female leadership, and we're going to have that person by person working together. mr. brooks: cultural change beats policy change, interesting. very good. right back here. >> hi. my name is zalin, an interim with eamplet i.'s asia study

team. thank you very much for being here. it's an honor. and facebook's policy with china. could you update a little bit what facebook is currently doing with china and if the chinese market will ever be open? thank you. sheryl: so it's a timely question. we opened disney in shanghai and that was really exciting. right now our service is not available within the chinese market. we do, however have a growing business in china is that we're working with chinese companies to help them sell their products overseas so chinese companies are using us to reach external markets. and so we're encouraged by that. we've always said we would like to connect the world and we would one day like to have a business in china as well. mr. brooks: we've just about run out of time. i'm going to have time for one more question. and so -- sheryl: take it from a woman. mr. brooks: we'll go right behind you, stephanie, blue, black jacket.

>> i'm a developer at a.e.i. being a woman in technology, being a woman of minority, how can i give back to the community? i've had a lot of opportunities being -- i grew up in india and i came to the u.s. for school. being a proud indian american, what can i do to give back to the community having all these opportunities? sheryl: well, i wouldn't understatement the example you set by staying in technology. we need a lot more -- underestimate the example you set by staying in technology. we need a lot more women in technology. you can mentor other women, sponsor other women, help start circles and use an opportunity to express themselves. the world is also increasingly global. sunny creasely what do you today -- increasingly what you do today, what you say reverberates not just in this room but around the world.

i look for the impact you have for women in tech. mr. brooks: your work at a.e.i. is helping the world. [laughter] sheryl: i think that was implicit in her question. she totally knows that. mr. brooks: that's right. she's given back. i want to thank all of you for joining us and invite all of you to join me in thanking sheryl sandberg. [applause] sheryl: thank you. [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2016] [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. visit ncicap.org]

>> president obama's in california today for fundraisers and taking part in the global entrepreneurship summit at stanford university. at about :45, the president will talk to facebook's mark zuckerberg. live coverage of that starts at 1:45 eastern on c-span. and then a little later this afternoon we'll bring you reaction to britain voting to leave the european union. we'll show tonight's itv news coverage of the brexit response. that will start at 5:00 p.m. eastern today here on c-span. >> you realize this is something i would not only love to do but something i think that could be really different from the kinds of books that have been written about macarthur in the past and the way to rethink and re-evaluate who this person was, what his

real significance was, what his virtues really were that made of the most -- one adored and adulated figures in american history and also what were his flaws and the things that made him in many ways unpleasant and even hated by millions of people. >> sunday night on "q&a," hudson institute senior fellow arthur herman takes a look at the life and career of u.s. army general douglas macarthur in his book "douglas macarthur: american warrior" >> i think that's one of the things that macarthur you have to say, he saw the future more clearly than he often saw the present. whether it was america's role n asia, the rise of china, the split between china and the soviet union which he foresaw but also perhaps, too, the fate of american domestic politics. >> sunday night at 8:00 eastern on c-span's "q&a."

>> on american history tv on c-span3, this saturday at 8:00 p.m. eastern on lectures and history. >> by the end of the 1880's, upsurge, a amatic tremendous surge in veterans' organizations, in the membership in these organizations and in the statues that they create. >> university of georgia professor scott nedbit discusses the ongoing debate over confederate war monuments and how many were the results of the campaigns of southern women during the reconstruction era and into the late 19th century. and then on "road to the white house" rewind. president reagan: back in 1976, president carter said, trust me, and a lot of people did. and now many of those people are out of work. >> the republican alternative

is the biggest tax giveaway in history. president carter: they call it reagan-kemp raw. i say it's something americans can't afford. >> the 1980 republican and democratic convention with governor ronald reagan becoming the g.o.p. nominee and president jimmy carter, accepting the democratic nomination. on july 1, the smithsonian national air and space museum will commemorate its 40th anniversary. and sunday at 6:00 p.m. eastern on "american artifact" -- >> in 1976 we were wrapping up a golden age of human exploration with the apollo missions to the moon and we were launching into the first golden age of plan tear exploration with the missions the 1970's to mars and to the outer planets. we're now in another golden age

of plan tear exploration, particularly on mars. >> we tour the museum with valerie neil, head of the museum's space history department and learn about the story of human space exploration from the moon to mars. and at 8:00 on "the presidency," james rose bush, former deputy assistant to president reagan and author of the book "true reagan: what made ronald reagan great and why it matters." >> i have come to see that -- and this, again, relates to president nixon, that a great leader of character is a person who has the ability to discern the future and lead a people to it and through it. >> for the complete "american history tv" weekend schedule, o to c-span.org. >> well, the annual left forum convened in new york city back in may and now the closing plen ari of amy goodman, the host

and executive producer of "democracy now!," talking about the election, climate change and the media. his is about half an hour. [cheers and applause] amy: thank you. thank you. well, it's a really great honor to be here and to be back in new york. we're on a 100-city tour for the 20th anniversary of "democracy now!." and i also want to shout out to my colleagues, norman and dena and aaron over there in the back and the volunteers and the interns who are helping out. "democracy now!" is a joint effort, a joint project, a brain trust, a remarkable group reporters and producers and

veediographers for the last 20 years. we didn't think it would go past nine months. it was the only election broadcast in 1996. i was asked to do the show when i was in a safe house in haiti and the first coupe. people who announced for office could be gunned down. people who would go to the polls would be gunned down and still the overwhelming number of people voted. but in our country when i was asked to do a daily election show sitting there from that advantage point, many people didn't vote, facing nothing like the adversity that they faced in haiti. but most people didn't vote. and i thought, well, why do this? why do this election show? i never thought people in this country were apathetic. what were people doing in their communities, that's what we wanted to find out, and so we used the primary system to go state-to-state to see how people were engaged and, sure,

there are a lot of obstacles that are put in people's paths. i mean, and they've increased over the last 20 years. you've had a brush with the criminal justice system as millions and millions of people have in this country. in certain states you might never be able to vote again. in other states, like in vermont and new hampshire -- vermont and maine, you can vote from jail. if you go to the polls intending to vote, as people did in arizona in phoenix, they 140 on primary day that of the 200 polls were simply closed. this year in 2016. 140 of the 200 polls. could it have anything to do with the growing latino population in phoenix? what did the authorities say? they said, they thought they'd save some money. well, you know, by that

rationale, why open any poll at all? think of all you could save. of course, to say the least, this is an enormous threat to democracy. the evis ration of the voting rights act. so we've been going across this country speaking with people all over and one of the most places we went was the birthplace of pacifica radio, celebrating 67 years of acifica, kdfa in berkeley. you know, -- you know pacifica's history. born 67 years ago, a man named lou hill, a contentious objector out of world war ii, came out of the detention camps, said there has to be a media outlet run by journalists. as the late dean of the school of communication at the university of pennsylvania, george gervner would say, not run by corporations that have nothing to tell and everything to sell that are raising our children today.

and so kpfa went on the air in 1949. kpfk.9, kf -- we were in los angeles celebrating and i got a text on my phone and it said, juan carlos had been arrested. juan carlos -- oh, there he is. there he is with his camera. just actually doing that. but on the streets of new york with our videographers at "democracy now!." where were they? well, that was the night there was that anti-trump rally in new york and 1,000 people came out. and, you know, they filled the streets of mid town manhattan and trina and juan carlos were on a lillibridge next to grand central. i didn't know it existed, the grand central bridge, and protesters were there too. they were filming everyone and the police came up. and actually as the police moved in on juan carlos and trina, the reporters, a

commanding officer said, no, they have the right to film. the problem was, the officer left. then they moved in on them and they pushed juan carlos' face into the dirt. they confiscated their equipment. and they were arrested. so as i'm walking up on the stage at kpfk in los angeles i got a text, they've been arrested. oh, my god. what where he going to do? i text juan carlos. go to the source. are you ok? yes. are you arrested? yes. you didn't even have any misspellings. i said, are you in a police van? yes. are you handcuffed? yes. are your hands handcuffed behind your back? yes. so how are you writing? yes. so everyone sprung into action. i called juan gonzalez, co-host

on "democracy now!." he called the police, i called the police. we don't spend much time calling the police but on this day it was critical since they were in their custody. we raced down to police plaza and after hours they were released but we should not have to get a record when we put things on the record. it is -- [applause] it's absolutely critical. you know, there's a reason why our professional, journalism, is the only one explicitly protected by the constitution, because we're supposed to be the check and balance on power and this is a very serious obligation that we have, to go to where the silence is. so the second pacifica station, kpfk in los angeles. and then 99.5 f.m. went on the air in 1960, contribute early and often and, yes, it's in another fundraising drive. now, in the first years of

operation, they were broadcasting a debate between the great writer james baldwin and malcolm x over the effectiveness of nonviolence, civil disobedience, the effectiveness of the lunch counter sit-in. and then in houston went on the air in 1970. and the one in washington went on the air in 1977. that's a fabulous five. that's a pacifica network in the united states. kpft in houston is the only radio station in the country that was blown up. in the first weeks it went on klux klan ku blew it to smith reens while one sang "alice's restaurant" and i thought it was a good song. anyway, they go on the air. they rebuild. the transmitter and put dynamite to the base of

the transmitter and blows it up again. january of 1971, they timely get ready and public broadcasting to broadcast this moment when the phoenix rises from the ashes. arlo guthrie finished his song live on the air and kpft goes back on the air. i don't know if it was the grand dragon because i confuse titles, but he said it was his proudest act. i think it's because he understood how dangerous pacifica is because it allows people to speak for themselves and when you hear someone speaking from their own experience, whether it's a palestinian child or an israeli one ofther, whether it's

the leading lawyer who took the dictator to trial, an aunt in afghanistan or uncle in iraq or a kid from the bronx. e were speaking at r.f.k. high school in albuquerque where the overwhelming majority of kids in that school are undocumented. when you hear someone speaking from their own experience, it challenges all the hate groups. my baby, my aunt, my uncle, i'm not saying you will agree with them, how often do we agree with our family members but makes it less likely that you will want to destroy them. it's that understanding, that's the beginning of peace. i think the media can be the greatest force for peace on earth. instead, all too often it's

wielded as a weapon of war which is why we have to take the media back. [applause] ms. goodman: in these last few weeks, we have lost some great ratner, like michael the late president of the center for constitutional rights. there will be a memorial at cooper union on june 13. i hope everyone comes out. it would be his 73rd birthday. he fought cancer over the last year. michael was the first to sue over the attica uprising representing prisoners who were injured or killed. he brought the first suit under the war powers act of u.s. troops in el salvador and

holding those in power accountable for the iraq war, suing donald rumsfeld and bush administration officials making it uncomfortable for them or maybe impossible for them to travel in places like europe. and it was michael who brought the suit on behalf of guantanamo prisoners that they should have habe just corpus rights, be able to have their day in court. we interviewed his close friends , michael smith, attorneys and colleagues on democracy now!" when michael died. one of the people quoted in the "new york times" was the dorne david cole, he asked michael about the guantanamo case and he said when i asked him years later what he thought his

chances were in filing suit, he said, none whatsoever. he said we filed 100% on principle. david said that could be his epitaph. but the case did go to the supreme court and he won. [applause] ms. goodman: and another of the reat prove its, father dan garrigan and people passed in church. the priest who long with his brother fill will engage in that action in 1968, may 17 that would be known as the catonsville when they took the draft files from the draft offices and they took them

outside and burned them with homemade napalm. dan didn't know if he would be imprisoned for many years for that action. a week before when he was in a portland airport in maine after giving a talk, he sat down and he wrote a statement that he wanted to release right after the action. he said, our apologies for the fracture of good order, the burning of paper instead of children. e would later say, we have chosen to be powerless criminals in a time of criminal power. we have chosen to be branded as peace criminals, by war criminals. rest in peace, father dan. rest in peace, michael ratner

just as you lived. and as is evidenced here tonight, that struggle that you engaged in is sure to be carried on. [applause] ms. goodman: that story i just klan ou about the ku klux is a story about history. i can't believe we are talking about them today. i can't believe we are talking ku klux klan, donald trump, presumptive of the republican party that he would disavow david duke and whether

he would disavow his support of duke and the klan, he waffled. he said he had to consider this more deeply. when is the last time you heard donald trump say i have to consider this more deeply. what exactly did he have to dive more deeply into, which klan chapter it was, you want to generalize all the chapters in the united states? this is frightening because you are talking about a possible president of the united states. you are talking about a president whose polls are indicating that he has a very good chance possibly of becoming the president of the united ep es, a man who has ripped up the underbelly and not just

his comments on the klan. look at the rallies. for example, the supporter, john mcgraw, who suckered a black ctive -- activist in north and he said the next time, i'll kill him and donald trump said he would pay the legal fees of these supporters if they are jailed. the only silver lining is i heard the legal publisher and writer say he would pay their legal fees because he never pays his own. donald trump, violence at rallies. and then a very interesting peace that david corn did in "mother jones" about trump's long time butler, worked for him for 70 years and was with the family for decades.

the "new york times" wrote about his name and his address in 1927 or 1928 part of a klan rally in queens and now his long time butler, the "new york times" did a piece on last march 15, not unfavorable piece, how he was so deeply close to the family and david corn went looking around about this guy, anthony, who worked for trump. and trump didn't want to let go him away but made him a historian at his place in florida and give tours. what was he saying on facebook. in 2009, anthony told trump he was going to resign. and trump asked him not to. on facebook just this year, oh, what did he say?

he talked about president obama saying, this character who i refer to as zero, he continually refers to him as zero, should have been taken out by our military and shot as an enemy gent and instead he remains in in office to gut the america we all know and love. why he on to say, ask posted messages calling for obama to be killed and anthony said i can't stand the bastard, i think he is a fraudulent piece of crap brought in democrats. yes, trump's historian is a birther and has been suspended on facebook for publishing facebook's guidelines. material that violated

not only his butler was a birther, donald trump was one of the leaders of the birther movement. nothing could be more racist than the birther movement that basically uttered president obama, whatever you think of him, he is not like us. he couldn't be from this country. this racist backlash against the first african-american president in a land with the legacy of slavery. and one of the things that the butler continually posted on facebook was the confederate flag over and over. donald trump announced for the presidency last june 16. remember what happened june 17 in charleston, south carolina. that was the day of the horror when nine people, eight people

d their pastor was -- were gunned them. they all knew each other, and welcomed him. and at the end of the hour, he blew them away except for one woman, he said he wanted her to bear witness to tell the world what he had done. the survivors and the loved ones of the victim put this country to shame when they said they forgave him. dylan storm unwittingly blew the roof off of the confederacy but i don't know if that's true right now given what is playing out in this presidential election year. when the pastor lay in state in the capitol. he was a long time state senator as well as pastor, thousands streamed by to pay their

respects. but first they had to stream by e confederate flag flying at at full mass. the confederate flag could not fly at half mass. it had been put on top of the capitol in 1960 in response to the civil rights movement. and then in 2000, because the pressure from sports franchises and naacp and took it off the capitol and on the grounds with the condition that anyone who would pull it down would face greater fine and it could not fly at half mast. i think after this killing and after the mass funeral that took at the arena where thousands came to pay their respects and president obama sang "amazing grace," if you say who took down

this flag, you would say the governor of south carolina, but that's not who took down that flag. we need a media that covers media. it was 5:30 in the morning on june 27, the south carolina state house glode in the morning light. a 30-year-old african-american woman from charlotte, north carolina came from the main entrance of the building and accompanied by a young white man and they observed around the scene of the state house rate waiting for no guards. they made their move and walked swiftly to the confederate monument that stands in front of the front steps with a confederate soldier that paid tribute to those who glorified a fallen cause, slavery.

they went to the flag pole that stood behind the monument. the flag flapped lays i willly the top and she learned how to use a few days before and she quickly ascended the pole. guards noticed and began shouting for her to come down. reaching the top, she grabbed the confederate flag and said you come against me with violence i come against you in the name of god. i clutch the symbol of the confederacy and she said this flag comes down today. she lowered herself with the flag, as soon as she reached the ground, she was arrested. raise re able to $125,000. she said i hope i get to direct

the motion picture. within about an hour, two state house workers raised a new confederate flag on the capitol grounds. it's the day after the joint funeral, thousands of people packed into the charleston arena. the next day, the day that she took down this flag, the individual funerals were taking place. so as the victims were lowered into the ground, the confederate flag was raised by the state once again. we race from charleston to the jail house where bree and jimmy got into the arraignment cell and they were charged and facing a penalty up to three years in prison and raced to the lobby

where people were greeting them and talked to a woman who had come from charleston -- from charlotte and she said to see the flag come down by a strong black woman one person could ever witness. and another black woman named carol parker who had no idea, she had grown up in columbia and passed the confederate flag every day of her life, denigrated and humiliated and she said bree has done what our general assembly or governor had the courage to do. she had the courage and did what needed to be done. yes, shout it from the roof tops, she took down the symbol of the confederacy in south carolina. [applause] ms. goodman: as i wrap up, it's

absolutely critical that we have a media that covers movements. the movement that don't hit the corporate radar screen. this year with bernie sanders, he hasn't created a movement but riding a movement that has been growing for years and as so many said in 2011 after the occupation, what did that movement amount to? it was destroyed. it didn't amount to a hill of beans. like those iously who streamed to the park, the media of the first week didn't cover them at all. there is something worse than negative coverage, it's the vanishing. the media moguls passing by the elite journalists.

and i remember erin burnett who started her show on cnn, her first piece was called "seriously." this is how the media mocks them. they can't settle on an issue, against the death penalty, war, racism, inequality and concerned about climate change. all of those issues together and they would say, can't even decide on a spokesperson but if they are a leader list movement. occupy, occupied the language. ow if you say 1% or the 99%, everyone knows what you are talking about. you change the language. you change the world. to move - and i want

from occupy to the issue of climate change, where i'll end. but that year 2011 was astounding for the arab spring which i think partly inspired the uprising in wisconsin, the john f afscme and the birch society and anti-civil rights, anti-king organization that was co-founded by fred koch , father of charles and david koch. nd you move from the wisconsin uprising to the protests against the key ston xl and then the u.n. climate summit. you know we cover every climate summit from copenhagen to do har, poland, peru and paris and given what happens, why waste

the fuel? because it's not what happens inside, it's what happens outside. the thousands of people who come from the most threatened parts of the planet, who come to these sum myths to say like the 15-year-old boy saying, my country will be submerged and the people from subsahara, our you are cooking continent. demanding we change. they have debates in the rest of the world. those are debates on what to do about climate change. whether human beings have anything to do with climate change. the science is settled. every time we talk about the planet earth, we brought up someone from the flat earth society for balance, but something unusual happened in

2011, when the outside was invited in because of pressure from the outside. the youth were indicted to address the world body and this is where i want to end. a student here in the united states from college of the atlantic in bar harbor, maine, where we just spoke last sunday. seeing all of these issues as connected. hundreds of youth came into the world body and they surrounded the delegates, the world leaders, the bureaucrats, the scientists and she came to the stage and say i speak for more than the world's population and we are a sigh ent majority. what does it take to get a stake ? you have been negotiating all of my life. you fail to meet pledges, you missed tats and broken promises but you heard all this before.

africa and the communities are on the front line. the science tells us we have five years max and you say give us 10. the betrayal of your responsibilities to ours is you call this ambition. where is the courage in these rooms? now is not the time for incremental action and this will be seen as an era where narrow self-interest prevails over science, reason and common compassion. she said long-term thinking is not radical. what's radical is to completely alter the climate's planet and condemn millions to death by climate change, what's radical is change is within our reach. 2011 is when the silent majority found their voice and 2011 was the year when the radical became reality and then she quoted president mandela who said it always seems impossible until

it's done and looked out on the vista of faces and said delegates and around the world, governments of the developed world, deep cuts now. get it done and we were there. the only national broadcast from this country to be broadcasting every day the voices inside and out and broadcasting them throughout the world, yes, we ed the media like "democracy now!" and community television in new york and independent media all over this country and around the world to link together to break through the static that within the distortion of lies and half truths that obscure reality, we need the media to give us the definition of static, critism, opposition, unwarranted interference. we need a media that covers

power. we need a media is the fourth estate not for the state and we need yeah. "democracy now! ." [applause] [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2016] [captioning performed by national captioning institute] >> president obama is in california for fundraiser and take part of the global interviewership summit. he will be going mark zuckerberg. we will have live coverage tarting at 1:45 eastern. the union union split -- the u.k. split from the union union nd sent shock to the financial

markets. the dow jones has dropped 500 points. president obama says the united kingdom will be partners to the united states despite its decision to leave the e.u. president tried to reassure that the special relationship between can ngton and london withstand a possible messy divorce from europe. the president urged that they remain in the e.u. and this is a significant blow to counter the isolationist view points taking hold in many parts of the world. we will have live coverage of the u.k. referendum to leave the e.u. at 5:00 eastern here on c-span. book tv has 48 hours of

nonfiction books and authors. here are some programs coming up.

>> i think it's strange to believe that the element of our gun culture that had the very most to gain by selling and promoting and celebrating their product is the very most invisible when we think about guns. sted much of the political talk today is exclusively about interpreting the second amendment. the gun industry has become

invisible. >> on sunday at 10:30, lead prosecutor in the o.j. simpson ial weighs in on the legal system. she is the author of "blood defense." go to book tv.org for the complete weekend schedule. >> again, financial markets feeling the sting of the u.k. decision to leave. we talked with a reporter about some of the potential fallout from that vote. >> i fought this campaign, which is to say directly and passionately what i think and feel, head, heart and soul. i held nothing back. i was absolutely clear about my belief that britain is stronger, safer and better off inside the

union union and i made clear that this is this and this alone but the people have made a decision to take a different path and as such the country requires fresh leadership to take it in this direction. i will do everything i can as prime minister to steady the ship over the coming weeks and months but i do not think it would be right for me to be the captain that steers our country to its next destination. this is not a decision i have taken lightly, but i do believe it's in the national interest to have a period of stability and then the new leadership required. there is no need for a precise timetable today but in my view we should aim to have a new prime minister in place by the start of the conservative party conference in october.

announcing his resignation. on c-span we are joined by michael geary, a fellow with the global europe program. tell us why this vote happened in the first place. >> good morning. it is quite a shock to see that itain has voted to leave the europian union. this particular rench -- referendum emerged in 2010 and within the conservative party, you had 100 m.p.'s who were skeptic and had put pressure on david cameron to renegotiate the terms of the deal and then cameron said if he got

re-elected, he would hold that referendum and this is where we are now. he got some kind of a deal with brussels in terms of renegotiating with europe but the british electorate has rejected this. >> which party in the u.k. winds up the winner on this? >> the u.k. independent party. it has been its main goal to and david nion union cameron submitted his resignation. i don't think the mainstream parties are going to benefit because of the mess that has emerged as a result of the decision to leave. >> many headlines we are seeing on the vote in the u.k., the

what happens next? what happens next? what does this mean with europe's relationships -- britain's relationship with european countries? >> it's a good question and the honest answer is we don't know. the next stage will be for the conservatives to elect a prime minister and the party will start exit negotiations in brussels. what those negotiations will look like is anyone's guess because no country has ever left the european union except greenland. so there will be a process where they have to untangle 43 years of rules and regulations and that's going to take two to four to five years.

a lot will depend on the goodwill of the e.u. and the remaining 27 member states in terms of how generous they want to be britain now that it has decided effectively to leave. >> the markets are not reacting very well. how about politics in the u.s.? what happens to that special relationship as it's called between the american government and the u.k.? >> as you know, i think the british considered the relationship more special to them than to the americans. it is a big blow to anglo-americans because obama had pushed this and his intervention by promoting a particular side of the campaign. but you will see now britain's stature in the world will diminish. it has left the world's biggest trading block. scotland is talking about a second independent referendum.

it will look for e.u. membership and raise significant questions about whether or not britain should continue to have a seat on the u.n. security council iven it -- its significantly reduced international position. >> he is with the global europe program and follow his observations on this issue today and in the future. michael, thanks so much for joining us on this. >> my pleasure. [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2016] [captioning performed by national captioning institute] >> live picture from the global interviewership summit at stanford university in california. president obama will be talking with facebook founder about government's impact on creating new jobs. the president will be there in just a moment. the ect during today

president issued a statement saying the people of the united kingdom have spoken and we respect their decision. this is live coverage. >> we need to be -- interviewer. >> there is a barrier. >> president obama in just a moment, while we wait, we will show you a portion of the conversation we had with a reporter looking at the democrat sit-in this week over the lack of gun control in congress and history of similar protests. hi ? i was peered i did not

know what was coming. members of the democratic leadership were only told it was coming a few hours in advance. we did not have much word. we do not have worried about how long it was going to last. that's word about how long it was going to last. democrats and we will be here as long as it takes. they said such things before in these protests have petered out. like it had ad flavor of the making it up as we go along a little bit. guest: i think that is fair. you talk to the most prominent members on the floor for this, they would concede as much. yesterdaying around for a comprehensive roster of everyone who has spoken. we doswer i got back was not know what was going to go long enough to have a comprehensive list

>> a handful of members who are aligned with the n.r.a. bishop of georgia who are the only two house democrats who received campaign contributions. host: your piece as the sit-in

wrapped up was head lined "inside the house." why isn't there a filibuster procedure available in the house? guest: it goes to the heart of civics lessons we took in high school which is the difference between the house and the senate. the house is where proportional representation where each state has a delegation to the house that is relative to its size, population size. he idea is its majority rules. the rules you and i think think about so the majority can run the place and get what it wants unless they misunderstand what they want and vote goes against them. they have designed it to be a regular routine march through the legislative process. they organize how many amendments are going to be offered and how long each debate

is going to last and that is all designed they can stage manage it. in the senate, two senators from each state and it is designed to protect the rights of the minority. host: you look for precedent in the house. is there anything like this in the house? guest: only a few in the last half century, three that i could find. one was eight years ago, the last time we were in the summer before and open presidential contest and the power of shoes were on the other foot. nancy pelosi was in charge. they had a very different idea of what the top legislative issue was that the majority was ignoring. the republicans were about trying to lift a moratorium on offshore oil and gas drilling.

they thought this was the issue that they inserted this on the national, political agenda and nancy pelosi gaveled the place to a close on a friday morning and republicans refused to leave and they took the floor hostage and stayed for about five hours that night. at one point unlike what happened this time, the democrats switched the lights in the chamber off and there was something about turning them back on and the republicans came back the next week and used the floor. ost: what's your take why ryan didn't do that shut the heat off or the lights off? guest: the only way to get more attention would have been for speaker ryan to send the sergeant of arms and his law

enforcement team in there to break it up. john lewis leading this protest, elizabeth warren, harry reid and to send the police in there to break it up would have raised the public awareness of this protest. host: david hawkings is with us "roll or editor with call." 25 hour-plus sit-in. welcome your comments and calls. host: first call up is our republican line in buffalo, kentucky. caller: thank you for taking my

call. here's the whole scenario. they are a bunch of two-faced -- for the most part, they sat there and talked about, we need to secure our guns. no, they don't. they need to stop bringing these people in. they are complicit to all those murders -- you don't hear anything about the illegals are doing this. where i'm from, we just had an illegal kill three people, but you don't hear them talking on tv, we need to secure our border. that's all they are, two-faced and put this no fly list in place, which is already in but put it in place and put everybody on it. if they don't want to be defended in this country, they

can move to russia. i have been all over the world. if we get invaded right now and got guns, we can protect ourselves and we can meet them halfway out in the field to fight. host: he talked about immigration and broaden the conversation out about the ruling by the supreme court yesterday, reaction from the president and speaker ryan. where is that issue in congress? guest: it is no where in congress. the republicans were delighted at the out come of this nine-word decision by the supreme court. what happens here is that a tie in the supreme court means that the most recent appeals court ruling stands and the most recent ruling said the president could not move forward with this and this is an issue that's on hold through this presidential

election and obviously there will be no legislation and the president is sometime eyed and will be up to the president. host: nominee is on hold. guest: merrick garland is definitely on hold. i still talk to some people who suggest that should be presidential election should be won by hillary clinton and won. be -- the senate be because they view him as potentially less of a shift to the left as somebody that president clinton might nominate. host: going back to the issue of the house floor, 2008 and several callers mentioned this with then speaker pelosi shutting down the debate. this was done during a pro

forma. there was no facebook streaming or video we had gotten from john culberson of texas and show this to you. this is 2008 as the pro forma session was ending. let's take a look. the speaker pro tempore: this is historic day. mr. carter: they have taken to the floor after the house has adjourned. the democratic leadership has adjourned the house, turned off the lights and the mic and yet the republicans are still talking about the need for an energy plan. this is historic -- this has never been done before and something that everyone should keep an eye on. let's all speak out and say have a plan for a change.

and all we are asking for rg, all we are asking is we want a vote. he speaker won't allow a vote. mr. culberson: plan to cover all energy sources including oil and gas in the now closed areas. give us a vote up or down. all their members feel so strongly. if they vote against it. that's not the facts. many of our democratic colleagues want to vote. what is going on, the television cameras have been turned off and the microphones and only way we are able to communicate is hrough my live stream video by twitter. let me turn the cameras on and ow everybody here --

guest: the technology has improved and remarkable for them to say, all we're asking for is a vote. this is language you have heard hundreds of times. it's important to note that the tactic worked. the republicans did get what they want. they wanted the lifting -- there was a ban on domestic oil and gas drilling and the republicans wanted a lifting of the ban. and the republicans got their up and down vote and managed to attach language to this ban. and the ban was lifted and they won. that has happened the other two times there have been somewhat comparable protests. in 1995, before the most presumptive twitter and no visuals during the government

shutdown of 1995. newt gingrich was the new speaker and republican revolution and got into a standoff with bill clinton and the government shut down. speaker gingrich felt slighted by the president on a trip to israel for a funeral on air force one. the daily news made a cartoon of him being a cry baby dressed in a diaper. there was one night when the democrats after the republicans gaveled the place closed, the democrats stormed back onto the flight and got the attention of the print reporters who were ill ruined -- around and paraded this cartoon and said they were going to hold the floor all night. they got what they wanted the next day. host: let's fast forward.

here's house democratic leader nancy pelosi from the overnight wednesday and this video is the periscope video from scott peerts. ms. pelosi: mr. speaker, turn on this microphone. [applause] ms. pelosi: we are on the floor of the house. this is a courtesy that we ask. i have a letter from our former olleague gabby giffords. being heard by everyone in the gallery. our members, our guests, our press. and so we ask -- what would be the reason that the republican majority in the house is saying, well we can't remove you physically or maybe they will,

but we aren't going to turn on the microphones. as a courtesy in this great democracy, our voices need to be heard. host: isn't there a rule that members cannot take pictures or video on the house floor? guest: absolutely is. it mentions -- >> we will leave this here and go to remarks now from president obama. he is she global interviewership summit at stanford university. >> it is migrate honor to introduce president obama. [cheers and applause] >> this is the second time we welcomed president obama to stanford. the first time he was here in 2015 for the white house summit on cybersecurity, he enjoyed himself so much that he said he would like to go here.

well, mr. president, i notice that after january, you are available and as the secretary pointed out, the weather is pretty nice here, so we hope you come back to california. president obama has a deep understanding of the importance of innovation and interviewership, two characters that has diss tin issued this university. he came into office just after the 2008 global economic crisis and throughout his presidency, he has sought ways to encourage interviewership and stimulate innovation, from providing support for startups, to launching mentorship programs, to investing in technological advancements such as bio technology, from increasing federal funding for research and development, including big investments in the brain initiative and the big data initiative and he has led the

change for educational reform. in working to strengthen the american economy, president obama has built bridges globally, looking for ways to build economic prosperity. that is the foundation for a secure future for everyone around our world. and the president and his cabinet have clearly articulated the need for greater diversity, both in the tech community and among our entrepreneurs, a call recently issued throughout silicon valley. all of us in higher education have a diverse work force. at stanford make computer science more attractable to women has led for it becoming the fastest growing major for women at stanford. but i think that's only the beginning, our entear educational system will continue

to have to reform and devote itself across its work force. like secretary kerry, we believe that an entrepreneurial mind-set and its characteristics of creativity, collaboration, bold leadership, smart risk taking are important in all walks of life, especially as we educate young people who will need to address the massive global challenges we have around the world. this is president obama's seventh annual global entrepreneur summit and we are honored he has chosen to hold it at stanford university. please join me in welcoming the 44th president of the united tates, barack obama. cheers and applause] president obama: thank you. hello everybody.

thank you so much. thank you. thank you. thank you very much. thank you. everybody have a seat. thank you so much. thank you. oh, thank you so much. good-looking group. thank you. well, first of all, let me thank the president for the introduction and the entire stanford family for letting us take over the campus for a few days. as some of you know, john is stepping down after 16 years as president of stanford. fortunately for me, i cannot do thanto stick around longer my term limit. john, i'm sure tre are some people who want you to stick

around longer, but i'm confident that you are going to do extraordinary things. and we could not be prouder of john and stanford and the great work they have done. please give him a big round of applause. [applause] president obama: summer break, so all of you, stanford is not always this quiet. this school is unique. folks ride on bicycles everywhere. and athletes are also computer engineers. this is the place that made nerd cool. [applause] president obama: so we are thrilled to be here. i know i am not the first speaker you have heard from, but many of you have traveled here from a long ways. we got more than 170 countries

from every region in the world represented. some of you, this is the first time visiting our country. on behalf of the american people, not only welcome to our global interviewership summit, but welcome to the united states of america. we are glad to have you. [applause] president obama: i'm not going to give a long speech, because what i want to do is have a conversation with some outstanding young people, but i do want to begin by offering some opening thoughts about the time in which we gather here today. and i'm going to start with the british people's decision to leave the european union, the vote that took place yesterday. just a few hours ago, i spoke with prime minister david cameron. david has been an outstanding friend and partner on the global

stage and based on our conversation, i'm confident that the u.k. is committed to an orderly transition out of the e.u. we agree that our economic and financial teams will remain in close contact as we stay focused on financial stability. i spoke to chancellor merkel of germany and we agree that the united states and european allies will work closely together in the weeks and months ahead. it speaks to the ongoing changes and challenges raised by globalization. while the u.k.'s relationship with the e.u. will change, one thing that will not change is the special relationship that exists between our two nations. that will endure. the e.u. will remain one of our indispensible partners. our nato alliance will remain a cornstone of global security and in a few weeks we will be meeting in wausau for the nato

summit and an opportunity for all people. that will continue to unite all of us. and that is the work that brings s here today. the world has shrunk. it is interconnected. all of you represent that interconnection. many of you are catalizing it and accelerating it. it promises to bring extraordinary benefits. but it also has challenges. and it also evokes concerns and fears. d so part of why this global entrepreneurship summit has been so close to my heart, something that i've been so committed to, is because i believe all of you represent all the upside of an interconnected world. all the optimism and the hope and the opportunity that

interconnected world represents. but it's also important in these ways in ns to find which we are expanding and broadening the benefits of that interconnection to many, many more people. that's what so many of you are going. we're gathered here at stanford in the heart of silicon valley, which is one of the great hubs of innovation and entrepreneurship, not just for america but for the world. this is a place that celebrates our ability as human beings to discover and learn and to build, question, to reimagine, create new ways to connect and work with each other. t's where two guys in a garage bill hulett and dave packard, launched a global company. where student projects became yahoo and google. those were really good student projects.

my student projects weren't as ood. it's where entrepreneurs like so many of you get an idea and work to make it a reality. that's the power of entrepreneurship. and it's never been more important. in today's world where our economies have undergone dramatic shifts, where businesses don't stop at borders, where technology and automation have transformed virtually every industry and changed how people organize and work, entrepreneurship remains the engine of growth. that ability to turn that idea into a reality. a new venture a small business. that creates good-paying jobs. it puts rising economies on the

path to prosperity and empowers people to come together and tackle our most pressing global problems, from climate change to poverty. when people can start their own businesses, it helps individuals and families succeed. it can make whole communities more prosperous and more secure. it offers a positive path for young people seeking the chance to make something of themselves and can empower people who have previously been locked out of the existing social order. women and minorities. others who aren't part of the old boys network. give them a chance to contribute and to lead. and it can create a culture where innovation and creativity are valued. where we don't just look at the way things have always been but rather say, how could things be. why not? et's make something new.

this spirit speaks to something deep inside of all of us. no matter who we are, what we look like, where we come from, you look out across this auditorium, you're all of different backgrounds and cultures and races and religions. some of you are from teeming cities, others are working in small, rural villages. but we've had that same spark. that same creative energy, to come up with innovative solutions to old challenges. and entrepreneurship is what gives people like you a chance to fulfill your own dreams and create something bigger than yourselves. we live in a time when more than half the world is under the age of 30. and that means we've got to make sure that all of our young people around the world have the tools they need to start new ventures and to create the jobs of the 21st century and to help

ift up entire populations. and so many of you are already doing this. as i travel around the world, one of the extraordinary things that i had the opportunity to do is to meet young people. in every region. and to see the problem solving and the energy and optimism that they're bringing to everything from how to generate electricity and environmentally -- in environmentally sound ways in remote places that are off the grid right now, to how do you employ women in remeet -- remote areas who all too often have been locked out of opportunity. you just see enormous cree atyity waiting to be tapped. and part of our job, part of this summit's job, is to make sure we're put manager tools,

more resources, into the hands of these folks who are changing the world. and making sure that all of you know each other. so that you can share best practices and ideas. and spread the word. now, i know that the daily reality is not always as romantic as all this. turns out that starting your own business is not easy. you have to have access to capital. you have to meet the right people. you have to have mentors who can guide you as you get your idea off the ground. that can be especially difficult for women and young people and minorities and others who have not always had the same access to networks and opportunities. you deserve the same chance to succeed as everybody else. we've got to make sure that everybody has a fair shot to reach their potential. we can't leave more than half the team on the bench. that's why we've invested so much time and effort to make sure that america is helping to

empower entrepreneurs like you. so we held our first summit back in 2010. since then, we've brought entrepreneurs like you together in turkey and the emirates and ma lay shah, morocco, kenya, and all told, we've helped more than 17,000 entrepreneurs and innovators connect with each other, access capital, find partners and start new ventures. 17,000. [applause] i think the tanzanian startup that helps farmers minimize losses or the company in nepal helping health care. there are 11 cubans here today, the first cubans to join us in one of these summits. ola.

they're ready to help create new opportunities for the cuban people. where are they? here they are. [applause] i want to thank antonio garza, a lead for the private equity and one of our presidential ambassadors for global entrepreneurship, because his support was critical in bringing these young cuban entrepreneurs here. that's deserving of a hand. [applause] i'm also pleased to announce we have a new group of business leaders signing on as entrepreneurship ambassadors, something we started as part of the summit and they have put their time, energy, effort, and in some cases their money behind entrepreneurs around the world. senator w ambassadors,

lakely, c.e.o. of spanx. jane durbin, c.e.o. of derm; logica. the c.e.o. of draper fisher jergensen. and katherine colson the c.e.o. of spripe. now supporting entrepreneurs isn't just something we do around the world. it's also a key part of how we create jobs and fuel innovation here in the united states. that's why we're working with communities to streamline the process for launching a company. startup in a day. that's why we're expanding innovation corps, our program to equip more scientists and engineers with intrepnurem skills. and it's why at this summit dozens of top tech companies are committing to make their technology work forces look like america, include big publishing data on diversity each year and developing the tech talent of

people from all backgrounds. we're very happy for the commitments they've made. give them a big round of applause for that. we're also building on our progress with new commitments from government and business and philanthropists. at last year's parties climate talks, for example, bill gates and other top global investors, agreed partner with government in cutting edge, clean energy solutions. today we're launching an initiative to connect these global investors with clean energy entrepreneurs from developing countries. we're also announcing the young transatlantic innovators, to bring 200 of europe's best innovators each year to the u.s. to develop their skills. and we've got organizations like endeavor which supports entrepreneurs starting a $100 million to invest in companies across latin america, the middle east, africa, an soviet asia.

[applause] investment firms like capria ventures which will help fund international startups. these are just a handle of the commitments and i suspect new ventures that will come out of this year's sum. all of you budding entrepreneurs, don't be shy while you're here. talk to the experts. make your pitch. network with potential investors. find that mentor who might help you navigate through a tough patch. connect with your fellow innovators. because ultimately the world needs your creativity and your energy and your vision. you are going to be what helps this process of tpwhrobal integration work. in a way that is good for everyone and not just some. i've spoken about this before.

i believe we are better off in a world in which we are trading and networking and communicating and sharing ideas. but that also means that cultures are colliding and sometimes it's disruptive and people get worried. you're the bridge, you're the glue. particularly the wrung people who are here. who can help lead toward a more peaceful and more prosperous future that provides opportunity for everybody. and because this is about more than just this one event or for that matter this one president, we're going to make sure that the united states continues to help developing the next generation of entrepreneurs. we are very proud to announce that next year's global entrepreneurship summit will be hosted in india. [applause] got the indian contingent in the

house. i'll try to stop by if i'm invited. but the point is, i believe in you. and america believes in you. and we believe that you have the talent and the skills and the ambition not just to pursue your dreams, but to realize them, that you can lift up not just your own families, but communities and countries and create opportunity and prosperity and hope for decades to come. that's the promise that we see in all of you. and that is the promise that we see in our outstanding panelists you're going to hear from. started aof egypt who site that is a one-stop online shop for people who organize events. ohn basco of rwanda, founder and c.e.o. of habona limited, a

company that uses biomass and weight to develop biofriendly fuel -- ecofriendly fuels jewsed in africa. mayana, the found over laboratoria, that gives young women the education and tools they need to work in the digital sector. and if that lineup is not enough, you also have a guy you may have heard of who has done pretty well for himself, the founder and c.e.o. of facebook, mark zuckerberg. they're the real experts, let's welcome them on stage and we'll start a conversation with them. [applause] >> thank you. president obama: this is a good looking group.

and i could not wear a t-shirt like mark for at least another six months but i will take off my jacket so that i don't look oo formal. it's going to happen soon. the -- so. sit down, everybody. relax. so these are some extraordinary entrepreneurs, some are just getting started, some seem to be moving along pretty well. but i thought this was wonderfully representative because it's from different regions of the world, it's companies that are at different stages, and maybe we can just start by having everybody introduce themselves, describe a little bit about what they're doing, and then we can have a

discussion about what's been easy, what's been hard, how can government policy, like the u.s. government policy, help in advancing some of these issues. how can other countries' governments, because we have 20 representatives from other governments participating in this summit, how should they think about encouraging entrepreneurship, and then most importantly, how can other businesses and venture capital, etc., think about some of these international opportunities? so maya, start with you. i've heard some of the great work you're doing, tell us more about that. >> thank you. it's great to be here. i -- i'm a software engineer,

one day i heard that the weekend is happening in cairo and i was not invited but i went anyway with my friend. i went with my friend, she was invited, and she turned out to be my co-founder. we were there just to learn about startups, meet mentors and other entrepreneurs but it was very hard to network and meet people because there's a gap between the organizers and attendees and then a week after, we attended one in cairo and had the same experience. we felt like there should be a better way for organizers to organize events. everyone is there for network, connecting people and sharing experience. so we did our research and we were very passionate about the idea, we felt like we can do something and we quit our jobs

and started working on this full time before even having the name eventis. now we have full engagement and networking platform for events, it's a very interact app with 86% engagement in most of our events. so we are helping people get together during events. now we have a great team two offices in cairo and dubai and we're working with events in our region. when i look back on the journey, wasn't easy at all. it was very challenging. very exciting as well. but this was full of ups and downs. we started before even the first one in egypt. we had few mentors back then. but now we have a number of amazing startups, a number of mentors and support organizations who are working to build this. i can see sometimes it's grown very well but we still have a

lot to do. president obama: that's great. thank you. [applause] >> thank you, it's an honor to be here. when i was growing up in rwanda, used to be in the forest collecting firewood for my .arents other children in africa are facing the same challenges, they are involved in a number of activities to help their parents just to prepare their meal instead of going to school. so as i was growing up, i kept thinking about something that i can do to help these families have access to alternative fuels they can use to replace charcoal wood that they have been using for many years. o i came up with an idea

whereby we collect wood and turned turn them into an affordable, environmentally friendly product that people can use, it's a great cooking fuel which can improve health and sanitation in homes. it's been two years and we have employed more than 25 people, giving them jobs and we are trying to expand to other areas of the country so that we can continue to improve sanitation as well as providing alteshtive fuels which can improve health and mitigate climate change in the country and africa in general. president obama: excellent. [applause] >> it's an honor to be here. 'm so happy.

we are a social enterprise, i started it three years ago, we are now in peru, chile and mexico. what we tried to do is go out opportunities where other people hadn't. so we looked for women who haven't been able to have the education they needed and make them great developer and connect them with job opportunities. something i notice when students join our program, most are completely unaware of their potential. they come in thinking it's going to be really hard to break this vicious cycle of low-skilled employment, underpaid employment or domestic work. but they soon start learning the code and it's such a powerful skill set. a few week into the program they start building their first website, their first app, their games, and showing them to the world.

it's so empowering and six months after joining they're ready to go out and join the work force. so we have people who get job offers from the coolest companies in town they go out, get to decide where they want to go and work, they triple their income so they significantly improve their economic circumstances and support their families and i think most importantly they start realizing that anything is possible if they work hard enough for it. and we have student that was gone from working at a corner shop to working at the i.d.b. in washington as developer a few blocks from the white house. they are an example that anything is possible. they're changing not only their lives but their communities, their cities, and i think they are transforming the tech sector in latin america. they are bringing the diversity and the talent that the sector needs to really become a leading force in our economy. and i'm pretty sure as we continue to grow and reach thousands of women in the region, they are going to change

our country for the better and make sure that we can actually base our growth on the most important thing that we have, our young talent. president obama: that's great. [applause] we were talking back stage, i'd been reading about this, and i said 60% of the women who have gone through this program now were employed and i was corrected, it's now 70%. i had old day tafment but i think it's important to point out that your success rate has been quite extraordinary already. that's wonderful. >> thank you. president obama: mark, there was a time when you were sort of in their shoes and -- but now, obviously facebook's success has been extraordinary. but i'm sure you still can connect with the stories that are told here and some of the

stories out there. how is facebook thinking about its own role in creating this platform for entrepreneurship around the world? i know that's something you've been thinking a lot about. >> well, it's really inspiring to be here with so many great entrepreneurs and you know, you hear about all the work they're doing, it's an honor system of thanks for having me. you know, to me, entrepreneurship is about creating change, not just creating companies. and you know, the most effective entrepreneurs who i've met care deeply about some mission, some change that they're trying to create and often they don't even start because they're trying to create a company. that's how i think about my connection to all of us here is, i was getting started, i wanted, i cared deeply about giving everyone a voice, and giving people the tools to share everything they cared about.

and bringing a community together and it started small, in one university, and i didn't think it was going to be a company at the time. as a matter of fact i was pretty convinced that at some point someone would build something like this for the world but i thought that that would be some other company that already had thousands of engineers and was used to building stuff for hundreds of millions of people around the world and you know, what ended up happening was, that no one built it. so we just kept on going. people said it each step along the way, you know what you're doing, maybe college students like it but no one else is going to like it. there's not going to be any money in doing this. all right, only really do it if you care, if you're passionate about doing it. then it started grow, people said it would be a fad, never be a good business. but you keep going because you care, not because you're trying to create a business. and then there was the shift to mobile, people thought it

wouldn't be a sustainable business. and you know, through each of these things, the entrepreneurs i think build things that last for a long time keep going because they care fundamentally about the change they're trying to create in the world and they're not in it just to build a company. and you know, i carry that with me today. so today, we have, we live in a world with more than seven billion people but more than four billion of us are not on the internet. and we talk about having an equal opportunity to be able to create change in the world, i think that's a hard thing to do if you don't have access to some of the basic infrastructure and technical tools that are necessary to build this kind of -- these kinds of technical products. i kind of think about what we're doing today. very similarly to how i thought about where we are at the beginning. you know, i get people all the time who come to me and say, all right, you're investing billions

of dollars in trying to put internet connectivity in places where, you know, we don't get paid for it. it's not something that we'll make any money from for a very long period of time, if it works out. but it's a deep belief that you're trying to make a change, trying to connect people in the world and i really do believe if you do something good and if you help people out, then eventually some portion of that good will come back to you. you may not know up front what it's going to be but that's just been the guiding principle for me in the work that we've done and i hope that some of the work we do can play a role in empowering you and help manager entrepreneurs to build the next great companies. [applause] president obama: so for the three budding entrepreneurs, you've already had some success and positive feedback.

but i know it's still hard sometimes and frustrating. let's go back to the earlier question i asked. what do you fine to be some of the biggest hurdles for your success? and are there policies that either your governments could be pursuing or the united states in conjunction with your governments could be pursuing that would really make this process if not easy, then at least a little smoother? and are there questions or concerns that you have in terms of how more established businesses like facebook, how they might be able to interact with startups like yours? so why don't we -- we'll go in reverse order this time. >> i think there's been many challenges along the way and in disrupt we tried to

many preconceptions. people were like, how are you going to train them, how will you get a young woman who went to a public high school who isn't very good, to be competitive in the labor market. i think we've overcome those and we've proved that you can learn in months instead of years. most of the companies that hire our developers actually rehire, you know. so they realize that they're great, you know. they're as competitive as anyone else who comes from a different background. that's been very, very encouraging and on our way. secret an, the little that i have, being an entrepreneur, motivation is everything. when we are making the end of the month to pay all our people, when we're facing challenges, i just go into the classroom. ok, let me go into the

classroom, i talk to the girls that study with us. they're the main force behind not only myself but all my team my partners and all my team because they are fighting so hard to make it happen. they are sometimes committing four hours a day to come and go back. they have on top of studies, they have significant responsibilities and are move proving it can be done. that's a reality check to say, i have everything i need to keep going at this. [applause] >> i think one of the most biggest challenges that i have faced was because i started this company very young. at the time i was 19 years old and in my culture, it is be