pregnant. thanks, sally in silver spring, maryland. caller, as the in today's show showing you outside of the supreme court as we await the last three decisions, including the decision on the texas abortion case expected to come down in just a few minutes. we will see you back here tomorrow morning on the "washington journal." [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2016] [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. visit ncicap.org] democratic presidential candidate hillary clinton will be campaigning in cincinnati with senator elizabeth warren. this will be their first joint appearance. set to start at 10:30 eastern. we will have live coverage here on c-span.

a conversation about the future .f nato then we will go to the atlantic council for a conversation on us-mexico relations. dolby will be live starting at: 30. the smithsonian national air and friday marks the 40th anniversary and live coverage starts on c-span3. we will tour the museum and see one-of-a-kind aviation artifacts. asrn more about the museum we talk about its director,

general jr jack daly, and founder of the space in history department. at the 40th anniversary of the smithsonian national air and getting at six eastern on american history tv. of the scenee outside the u.s. supreme court, which is ending his term today. decisions, few including one about the constitutionality of a texas law regulating abortion clinics. we are expecting decisions this morning and we will have live reactions outside to see -- outside the supreme court on our companion network. at 10:30, hillary clinton and elizabeth warren from ohio.

i told them it is sketch and from this morning's decision -- until then, a decision from this morning's -- a discussion from this morning's washington journal. basic director of the national immigration law center joins us in the wake of that supreme court deadlocked last week over the legal challenge to president obama's 2014 executive order. that like the ruling means those executive orders are effectively blocked, so explain the status of this case after that deadlock? it is really good to be here to explain to americans the ordinance of this case. it is devastating that the supreme court was not able to make a decision. the leaves in place nationwide injunction and the practical impact is we have about 5 million u.s. citizens whose parents could be ripped

apart. host: you obviously support of the executive actions when they were issued throughout this process. we are a legal advocacy organization. our mission is focused on low income intervention. defend theng to rights of low income immigrant families and create opportunities so that they have the same opportunities that previous timber -- in a rations of immigrants have had -- generations of immigrants have had. host: we will keep a phone line open for illegal immigrants. that line, (202) 748-8003. usual,se, the lines as republicans, (202) 748-8001. democrats, (202) 748-8000-. .

independents, (202) 748-8002. president guest: obama announced a series of executive orders including increased border security, nationalization certificate, etc. program has been a program that would allow individuals who have been in the united states for at least five years who are parents of u.s. citizen children or have children with green cards would be able to come forward voluntarily as long as they prove that they meet the penalty, to pay a go through national security and background checks, they would that be will to have their application reviewed and if they qualify, it would get what is called a deferred action, a temporary protection from deportation. it is three years of protection from being deported and they

would be eligible for a work authorization under regulations from the 1980's. host: what are you telling those individuals now? guest: to some extent, it is status quo, we are making sure people stay informed about what their rights are, that they make sure that they are talking to family members who are u.s. citizens. part of the next step is the immediate consequence of this non-decision, that the court has essentially punted this issue to the provincial elections -- presidential elections. immigrants are going to go out and vote for candidates who are in favor of their families. host: as a legal challenge moves forward, there were people signing up for the presidents program -- president's program. are those people in some sort of federal database, and what happens to them?

does the government take them out -- kick them out? guest: you saw many individuals in communities going to clinics to sign up, whether they were eligible or not and going to their own personal process of getting broached advocates, proving that they are the parent of a u.s. citizen child. blocked andwas never got started, some people were not actually able to sign up officially. path for you, is the this through congress or do you think it is through another executive action that does not get challenged or a case that gets won. with respect to this issue, we are urging the department of justice to seek a rehearing. we believe the reason that we ended up with a deadlock is

because we are lacking a nice justice, so we are hoping that -- that the department of justice will seek a rehearing when there are nine justices and the supreme court can hear the case again. we believe the president acted with full authority, so we are hoping that the case goes back to the supreme court. that probably will not be for another 12 months at least. we do believe congress ultimately needs to act, this initiative by the president was a temporary fix and what we do need in this country is commonsense reform and that does take an act of congress. you are with us for about the next 40 minutes, taking your comments, questions as we talk about the future of immigration reform in the wake of that decision last week. a special line for illegal immigrants, (202) 748-8003.

republicans, democrats and independents, lines as usual. bob in massachusetts, independent. caller: i would like to know exactly when it will end that people in south america comes up to america. do we have to take in everybody from those countries? , and do we draw a line everybody says they are contributing. a lot of them are making money here and sending it to their country. i cannot not understand why we have to suffer economically. it is killing my business, where i live. host: what is your business? caller: i am a construction worker. this is an important question. one thing to understand about these programs from the president, it is about

individuals who have been here before january 1 of 2010. the majority of these individuals have been here for over 10 years. they may be small business owners or homeowners. they are part of our society, taking care of our children, serving us in restaurants, picking fruits and vegetables, every much a part of our society already. -- very much a part of our society, already. many of these individuals are working off the records right now and that is not good for anyone. this would have benefited the individuals and, but the economy as a whole. host: what do you say to those who say it this executive order one of -- were allowed to go forward, it would just create a different those who came in this year or next year to get in and wait for whatever the next time

will be until another executive action goes through or another type of industry is given? guest: individuals pay attention to the news, they know who is eligible. this is a program that alone -- individuals have to have arrived prior to 2010. the executive actions also said anybody who is a recent entrant is a priority for deportation and we are seeing that. one of the things that does not get enough coverage is obama has deported more people than all previous administrations. we have had almost 2.5 million people deported. this administration has been really tough on immigrants and many more people are being deported. we have a net zero migration from mexico. people are not coming in one reason for that is the economy in mexico is improving. do inaid, what we need to

this country is have congress debate immigration reform, have a rational discussion about what kind of immigration system -- how do we -- for anybody who wants to come into the future, our current immigration system is out of date and that is one of the reasons that we have a large undocumented population right now. host: that line for illegal immigrants, (202) 748-8003. we will go to ted in north carolina, public and. -- republican. evenr: it seems like though these people have been here for 10 years, they still came illegally. it is kind of like the 11 million undocumented who are here now. they have been here for 10 years, they have kids, but if we are going to not enforce the rule of law, they won't that encourage people to come here

and hide out in the shadows and wait another 10 years and wait another 10 years until we pass another ruling and then -- let me say this before i go. overstays and people stay here and that is another problem we have, along with birthright citizenship, 200,000 kids each year born in this country from parents who came illegally from other countries. i wonder if your guess that address those issues. -- guest could address those issues. guest: then documented population -- the undocumented population includes those without proper arm -- proper authorization or visa overstays. that includes both sets of people. her's areverstay

primarily from asia and europe -- overstayers less so from mexico and central america. one of the things again we need to do is have a debate about immigration reform. issue of whether this executive action, if these individuals were able to come forward and get protection, would somebody in the future come with her as a tentative, not much of an extensive -- an incentive. one thing many americans do not understand is the difficulty that people live and when they are living with fear every day. up in ourrowing schools are terrified to do not know whether their mother will be there at the end of the day to pick her up from school or whether the father, we just had a case last week in ohio in a very conservative town where the father of three u.s. citizens children was deported.

you have chumps reporters coming out and trying to convince authorities not to deport him because they understood he was a local resident and had been with the community for 10 years, coached the local soccer team. the community knew him. host: what brought him to the eyes of the authorities? why, butam not sure the point was for many people for different reasons, they did not have a drivers license and states that do not allow for driver's licenses, that is a way deportationut into proceedings. that case was an example of local immigration authorities did not exercise their discretion. they could've listened to the local mayor and the police chief . that is the type of fear immigrant families are dealing with every day. it is both u.s. citizen and

undocumented members being affected. robert, arizona, line for democrats. caller: would you please address me properly? good morning. good morning world. history, i have a long of having paid attention and they have a whole bunch of examples of how people are perceived to be less than typically the white race. racist -- host: let's not be racist on the show. i am not being racist. i'm being truthful. my father never wanted to go to the military because my father is dead. he would be 113 years old.

he followed history, ok? he always told me, at the point of a gun, anybody can get with a want. that is the kind of mentality we are at today. who gets what, ok? the oil, we got it because the white race of europe wanted to take the oil. pissed everybody off so now we have immigrants from the middle east who have had their uranium,wed over with we have all these stumpy people with stuff sod they can walk. it never ends. we have everybody who needs to be armed. when will all this armed craft and -- crap end?

all right, let's go to mark in chicago, illinois, line for independents. caller: good morning. i am concerned because the president of the united states did not issue an executive order , he issued an executive action. it is a very distinct difference. action was on a temporary restraining order -- h has there is nothing that stops from issuing an executive border, a decoration, and -- declaration, and protect these people. what his justice department tells him. it was going to die anyway after a number of days, a temporary restraining order.

it was cavalier but not correct. since congress will not act and the democrats failed -- to vacate the chair of the speaker, and perhaps get of better,who would think the presidentve would issue one executive order which carries the full force of and could not be overturned by an appeals court or a supreme court. host: do you want to walk us through some legal particulars? guest: a couple of important points. this is not an executive order, it is an executive action. the department of homeland security secretary johnson to

his employees, we have a limited budget and congress has appropriated x number of dollars for about 400 people per year. we should use our priority to deport certain people and not others. what this is, a directive, a guidance. it is a reason we believe the president acted with full authority. this is what law enforcement agencies across the country use every day. are we going after somebody driving five make -- five miles over the speed limit. that same legal concept. here, there is a nationwide injunction by a district court in texas that was then affirmed by the district court of appeals.

where mark may not have the full analysis of the case is now that because the supreme court issued a non-decision, they were not a majority either way, it were me -- it means the program cannot be implemented. a loss of implementation until .urther review host: what if it different circuit court picks this up and rules differently? we are exploring different legal options. the statewide junction -- injunction is in place in all 50 states. at thent actors may look legal options. republican, michelle, minnesota. caller: something i keep on theseg, that we will rip

families apart. the fact is the parents came here illegally. parents are to blame if the family gets separated. i am not separating their family. the parents made the decision by coming here illegally to separate the family if something like this were to happen. i hate to say this but if the parents have to get deported, why can't the children go with? you do not have to separate the families. the parents came here illegally and they had a child. if they have to go back to whatever country they came from, they should take the child. i understand michelle's perspective on this. look, when somebody makes the difficult decision to come to the united states for a different, better economic opportunity for the children come it is difficult and i am not going to judge whether it they made the right decision for their children. many immigrants have always come

for a better future for their children. a problem is our immigration laws are out of date and we have not reformed them since 1986. 1990's, as a result of the north american free trade agreement and the central american free trade agreement, that caused more migration and poverty and many individuals --e to the united date united states. they have u.s. citizen children, they are paying local, state, and federal taxes. it is our responsibility as a country to reform our immigration laws. in the interim, we should not be's putting families apart and deporting people who want to be part of the us -- the society. host: a special line this morning to if you are and want to call --

we are talking about the supreme court decision from last thursday. what was the scene like? before the supreme court, there was a lot of things i'd appeared millions of people had been watching and paying attention for the decision. when we got notice that the supreme court had deadlocked, it was devastating. there was a lot of crying and hundreds of families were there been veryt who had hopeful the supreme court would rule in our favor. instead, people felt devastated. host: good morning. caller: good morning. my previous caller touched on the main question of families returning, home countries deemed

deported. a brief statement, we are actions,bout illegal people have come here. they know they are breaking the law by coming here. when they are being smuggled across or sneaking into the country, they are not going through the legal system. you are talking about common sense reforms. when we are talking about people, you mentioned families living in fear. they are in fear because the parents are committing illegal actions. just as you could use the analogy of a parent involved in could beactivity, they ripped apart. the difference is they would go to jail and they are separated

from their families for that interim. the families could return but there is no need for them to be ripped apart. you used the term undocumented, i am undocumented if i do not get my drivers license. but i have the legal right to do so. have thets do not legal right to obtain citizenship unless they go through the proper procedures. one other question about sanctuary cities, i would be interested to know your opinion about the status of sanctuary and attorney general lynch's refusal to take action against those cities. similar question to michelle. we have to agree to disagree. we believe the immigration laws are out of date and need to be reformed.

made differente choices for why they are here. they are contributing members of the society and our laws have not caught up with the reality of migration patterns across the world. i think it is important, the city's issue that rich talks about were races is, there is a lot of misinformation or misunderstandings. that lawa local policy enforcement agencies have, that immigrants regardless of their status should be able to come forward to report a crime as a victim or a witness to the majority of law enforcement leaders across the country actually support the policies because they want to have people come forward and collaborate with law enforcement. it is good for public safety purposes. when an a shield immigration does come forward as a witness to a crime, they need to know they will not then be

placed into deportation proceedings or they will not come forward. jim on the line for republicans. good morning. to know whyuld like we are so liberal with illegals coming into this country, but if we crossed any border into another country, we will be jailed and you might spend 15 years to get out. yet here we are, anybody can come across our borders, we will protect them and give them housing and medical cards, food jobs for them, and we have got americans who cannot even get a job. i would like her to answer that question. guest: thank you for your question. the facts are pretty different. when we do come into the united states on loss -- unlawfully, they are detained in jails in detention centers on the border.

families and children are held oftentimes for months at a time before they are deported. people are detained and placed in jail. secondly, there is a lot of misunderstanding about whether are hereted immigrants unlawfully and are eligible. jim mentioned a number of things including food carts. it is so far from the truth. immigrants here unlawfully are in aligible for any public fit or health care. they cannot even pay out-of-pocket for access to obamacare and we are not helping people get jobs or anything like that. life is very difficult for individuals and that is one of the reasons why immigrants who are here without proper authorization work three or four jobs at a time. host: the headline on one of the washingtonon the times today is the legacy takes a licking, a divided court

upholds the rebuke of mr. immigrationects orders. it brings up the question of president obama's legacy on immigration. what do you think that will be? guest: the headline is another example of how some of the media, especially conservative media, are misrepresenting her this was a non-decision there was nothing about this one sentence that said one way or the other that it was in favor or against what president obama took. in terms of president obama's's legacy, i think the administration will probably be most remembered for deporting the largest number of people. many people in the immigrant community think of this as the first african-american who has deported the most number of immigrants, more than any previous administration. billion perng $18 year in test pair money pair more than all federal

law-enforcement agencies combined, the fbi, dea, u.s. marshals, etc., on enforcement, enforcement.or many of your colors do not recognize or realize this administration has spent much more in deporting individuals and doing things like this. president obama was trying to remedy his potential legacy and instead what we are seeing is deporting the most number of people in the country, including most recently, detaining and from centralldren america, mothers 14 gender violence and they are being deported back to dangerous situations. the northern triangle at the highest levels of murder rates in the world, including the highest rates of gender-based violence. we believe those individuals coming from central america should be treated and recognized

as refugees in the same way we are accepting refugees from syria and the world. is there a way that the obama administration can pursue this while in office? guest: it will depend on whether the department does in fact seek a rehearing before the supreme court or we are looking at the next administration. any of the legal steps that will follow in the case probably will actually be under the next administration. what is left is either this administration doing other measures administratively, and separately, it is up to the u.s. voters and u.s. citizens to go forward to make sure the president of the country is a president that believes in commonsense immigration reforms that and if it all of us and not just immigrant families that actually in a fit all businesses

and the economy as well. host: florida, sean is an independent. good morning. caller: i would suggest we take a look of the problem from a different perspective p or we have created an economic slave >> in the united states. go for employer sanctions. when you hire you can see the rest of this conversation on our website. we take you to cincinnati, ohio, where hillary clinton has a campaign rally. she will be joined by massachusetts senator elizabeth warren. live coverage on c-span.

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[applause] >> thank you. [applause] thank you for that warm welcome. i am always happy to come to ohio. it is good to be in the home state of my great friend and your great senator sherrod brown. and it is going -- it is good to be in the states.

now i'm here today because i'm with her. we are all here today because we are with her. and we are going to work our hearts out to make hillary clinton the next president of the united states. i'm ready, are you ready for this see a co--- for this? we are here with someone who gets up every single day and whites for us. someone who has spent her whole ,ife fighting for children

spent her life fighting for women, spent her life fighting for families, fighting for , fighting for human rights, fighting for a level playing field. we are here to fight side by side with hillary clinton. so today i want to talk about values. he ended up as a maintenance man and after his heart attack his -- after his heart attack my mom answered phones at sears to keep our family above water. 288 combat missions in vietnam.

and i learn from him that we honor our promises to our service members and veterans. after my middle brother got out of the air force, he got a good union job. i learned from him that unions tilt america's middle class and unions will rebuild. my youngest brother david is he worked his rear end off area -- rear end off. today all he has left his social security.

we honor hard-working people by protecting and expanding social security. i always wanted to be a teacher. it opened $1 million for me. i learned america's public schools can build opportunity for all of our kids. i'm the daughter of a maintenance man. and hillary clinton is the granddaughter of a factory worker who is going to make it all the way to the white house.

we believe in that, america. are worried, worried those opportunities are slipping away. a lot of america is worried and angry. angry that too many times washington works for those at the top and leaves everyone else behind. the washington that let's join -- that let's giant oil companies doesn't down millions of dollars in tax subsidy. washington gives corporation fat tax breaks for ceo bonuses but won't raise the that washington pushes corporate interest and trade deals that won't create good jobs here in america.

angry that friends and neighbors lost their jobs and their homes when wall street wrecked our economy. of sendinginstead people to jail, washington gave bankers a bailout. -- your tensions that is not right. we are here to change it. now donald trump says he will make america great again. it is right in the front of his goofy hat.

you want to see goofy? look at him in that hat. when donald says great, i ask great for who? for millions of kids struggling to pay for an education? for millions of seniors surviving on social security. when donald trump says he will make america great, he says make it even greater for rich guys just like donald trump.

that is who donald trump is. he will crush you into the dirt to get whatever he wants, that is who he is. just look at the evidence. billions of dollars have been sucked out of your retirement account because he says it might bring more rich people to his new golf course. he cheered on students desperate enough to sign up for his faith fakersity -- for his university so he can bleed them dry and turn a profit for himself.

i will tell you what kind of a small insecure money grubber who fights for no one but himself. what kind of a man? a nasty man. hillary will be the next president for the united states. she knows what it takes to be a

thin-skinned bully who was driven by greed and hate. she has been on the receiving end of one right-wing attack to another after 25 years. she has never backed down. she doesn't run to twitter. she doesn't wine.

she gets up and keeps right on fighting for the people who need her most. [applause] what it boils down to, hillary has brains, has guts, has thick skin and steady hands,

but most of all she has a good heart. and is what america needs that is why i'm with her. are you with her? [applause] this election is about values. donald versus hillary. donald trump believes in defrauding students to benefit himself. every could should be able to get in education without getting crushed by debt. that means refinancing student loans. trump, he believes sad little wall street bankers need

to be free to defraud anyone they want. clinton believes we need strong rules to prevent another financial crisis. hillary fights for us. donald trump wants to abolish the minimum wage. hillary clinton believes no one should work full time and live in poverty. that means raising the minimum wage. hillary fights for us. one more. muslims, terrorists, latinos,

rapists and criminals. no place in our country. fight for hillary clinton. .ight for us please join me in welcoming the stage. -- welcoming to the stage hillary clinton. [applause]

hillary: thank you cincinnati. i especially want to thank all the people outside who couldn't get in. thank you for coming in today. hereso delighted to be with my friend and a great leader, senator elizabeth warren . you just saw why she is considered so terrific, so formidable, because she tells it like it is. i am very grateful for that introduction.

more importantly i want to thank her for fighting every single for families like hers, families like yours. and millions of hard-working americans that deserve to have more folks on their side. elizabeth and i came of age around the same time. as you heard her talking about her parent, her brothers, we believed in the american dream. my dad was a small businessman. he got off every single day. lots of times my mother and my , they printi fabrics and a long warehouse

with a long table. it was dark and not very pleasant. it was decent honest work. that's what you do in america, that is the basic argan. bargain. we need to make sure the bargain is alive and well. elizabeth is leading the fight to liberate millions of americans from the burden of , and to make sure washington never again profits off of our students. she and i agree the federal government should not be making money off of sending our young people to college to get an

education. and no one works harder to make sure wall street never >> mainstreet again. lot ofcome up with a great ideas but here is one that has already made a difference. it is called the consumer financial protection bureau. it has been around for a few years under the leadership of a great leader from ohio, who is leading the charge. it has only been around a few years. returned $10.8 billion to 25 million americans

who have been hurt i illegal financial practices. that is what standing up and -- to writewrite economic wrongs looks like. and i must say i do just love to see how she gets under donald as elizabeth made clear, donald trump approved every day he is not in it for the american people. elizabeth reminds us of that. it is really important that voters in ohio understand this.

unfit andtally unqualified to be president of the united states. some of the best tv since elizabeth came to the senate is actually on c-span. if you ever see her press her bank executive or regulator for answers, refusing to let them speakingook, she is for every frustrated american. we thank her for that.

i am thrilled elizabeth can be here with me in this glorious that hasull building been put to new use as a museum. we want to make the point have an, that we must economy that works for everyone again, not just those at the top. not just the rich or the well connected, everybody. one might ask, yes that is what we believe, it sounds simple. honestly it shouldn't be are tooted, but there many politicians and corporations that don't agree. they don't even seem to get it. but you do and we do.

and for the past more than a year i have been traveling across our country meeting people who have told me their , evenhaven't budged though they see executives who give themselves big bonuses. and do ask yourself wait a minute, why did the richest americans and they just -- richests get away americans and biggest corporations get away? it's a good question, it doesn't make any sense, doesn't make moral sense, economic stents -- economic sense, historic sense. are giventax breaks to hedge fund billionaires instead of making investment and manufacturing clean energy that

will actually create more jobs. it doesn't make sense when corporations -- their profits overseas or send them to influential shareholders, instead of making long-term investments in raising wages, training, and research. governors and legislatures use every trick in the book to weaken unions and make it harder for americans to organize themselves for better wages and benefits. you know what i'm talking about. you have heard of right to work laws. they are wrong for workers and wrong for america.

this election is a chance for us to make it right for the future. for our kids and grandkids. let's make it right. let's make it right for --d-working americans like who own a small trucking company. tois a nonstop struggle compete against the bigger guys. if we make sure small businesses like stan hash gets the right support, we can give more people the chance to succeed under that american basic bargain. let's make it right for young people. whole life ofr going to ohio university in athens.

but the housing crash wiped out her parents savings and their small business. to get a college degree at a public , erika and it up $100,000 in debt. we have to give families relief. volunteering for our campaign and working to elect democrats across ohio. [applause] stan is volunteering with us to because he, like so many people across ohio and across the country, know that we are

fighting for a better future. race because i wanted to even the odds for people who have the odds stacked against them. this is not a time for half measures. to build an economy that works for everyone, not just those at the top, we have to go big and bold. [applause] take that frustration, the fear, the anxiety, and yes, the anger, and after we have vented it, we need to work together to achieve the kind of changes that will give everybody in this country of better shot. set five ambitious goals for our economy. that breakthrough the dysfunction in washington and make the biggest investment in

jobs sincepaying world war ii. [applause] do what we missed to do to invest in infrastructure like president eisenhower did with the interstate highway system. [applause] that is when republicans used to believe in building america and putting americans to work. that is what we are going to do again. [applause] goal of making college debt-free for everyone, like erica. [applause] and let's provide debt relief, let's provide debt relief as soon as we can, as soon as we start to work, elizabeth.

will take the day off for the inauguration and then the senate and white house and congress will get to work. [applause] now, we have more work to do, so let's set the goal of rewriting the rules so more companies share profits with their employees, not just their executives. [applause] instead of shipping profits as a nd jobs overseas, we have the greatest country and economy in the world, let's start acting like it and make it clear that companies have to be part of that greatness. [applause] and let's set the goal of making sure wall street and the wealthy

pay their fair share of taxes. now, there are a couple of ways to do this, i have proposing a few of them. no millionaire should pay a lower tax rate than someone working for them, like a secretary. [applause] profited theo have most, even since the great nowssion, are people who need to give back. this country has given so much to all of us and everybody should share the burden. i have made a pledge. i will not raise taxes on the middle class, the we are going to raise taxes on corporations and the wealthy. [applause]

and don't you think it is about time that we put american families first? we are not living in the 1950's or 1960's anymore. we have to catch up to how live and workally in the 21st century. i have met so many stressed-out young parents. i have met so many stressed-out folks,aged and older they are trying to balance what should be the joy of their lives, like our new grandson is for us and our granddaughter. [applause] i was talking to elizabeth on the phone when she was visiting her family, her grandchildren, and we talked

about all this important stuff and what we have to do it she said, i have to go because i need to buy my granddaughter some sparkly shoes. [laughter] there is no greater joy but to see young parents struggling so peoplend to see older taking care of their parents, we have work to do. we should not make it so difficult to do your job at home and to do the job that puts food on the table and a roof over your head. let me say a word about rewriting the rules. there are a lot of businesses thriving right here in ohio who see their employees the right way. they see them as assets to invest in, not costs to cut. [applause] but unfortunately, there are too many who take the opposite view their behavior contributes

to stagnant wages and lower economic growth. as president, i will work to reward companies that share profits with their employees, on top of paying a good wage. if they can do it for their executives, they sure can do it for their workers. [applause] and we will encourage companies to invest in worker training and to build high-quality apprenticeship programs where and wen while you learn, will strengthen unions, because they are the bedrock of a strong middle class in america. [applause] unions helped bring back the auto industry in ohio and they will help bring back america from coast to coast.

so here is our message. [applause] here is our message to every corporate boardroom. do the right thing, by your employees and your country, and we will stand by you. but cheat your employees, pollute your customers, our environment, or rip off taxpayers, and we will hold you accountable. [applause] because when companies take taxpayer dollars if one hand and give out pink slips with the other and ship hundreds of jobs overseas, we are going to make them pay back those tax benefits and we are to take that money and reinvest it in workers and communities and we are going to

slap an exit tax on companies that move their companies overseas to avoid paying their fair share of taxes. [applause] we will defend american jobs and american workers by saying no to bad trade deals like the transpacific partnership and unfair trade practices like when china dumps cheap steel in our markets or uses weak rules of origin to undercut our carmakers. i am going to appoint a trade prosecutor who will report to the president so we are going to ,nd the abuse of our markets our workers, our people. [applause] what, we are going to compete and win in the global economy.

by not letting anybody taking advantage -- take advantage of our workers, not china, not wall street, not anyone. we are going to defend the rules to rein in wall street put after the crash. should cut into executives bonuses. [applause] and if laws are violated individuals, not just corporations, should be held accountable. [applause] veto, i will veto any effort to weaken protections for consumers. while we're at it, we are going to finally make wall street, big corporations, and the super than what more is fair in paying taxes, but what is right.

maken use that money, to these big, bold investments that build abring an-- strong economy. it is good not just for families and workers, it is good for companies. the more money you have in your pocket that you can spend, the better that is for the economy. righty things are fo now, people are afraid and are holding back. americano liberate the consumer by protecting the american worker. we will ensure we have the most competitive auto and auto parts industry in the world. [applause] and when we invest in infrastructure, we are not just going to invest in roads and bridges and tunnels and ports

and transit and water systems. we are going to connect every home to high-speed broadband so they can get into the global marketplace. [applause] and we are going to fight climate change by making america the clean energy superpower of the 21st century. [applause] and i want to complement your mayor who is here, your state representative, alicia read, cincinnati is already one of the biggest cities in the country to run 100% on clean energies. congratulations. [applause] and i will tell you what, mayor,

i hope you don't mind me saying that if you can do it in cincinnati, you can do it anywhere, that is what we need in america. [applause] we are going to raise the national minimum wage seven better.s deserve families deserve real support like quality affordable childcare, paid family leave, and equal pay for women. [applause] [cheers] talk about when i these things, donald trump says, i am playing the woman card. i will to you what, if fighting for families is playing the in.n card, the onl -- deal me [applause]

[cheers] [applause] [cheers] audience: hillary, hillary, hillary. we have to gon: and end the political dysfunction that is holding our country and economy back. let's overturn citizens united and get unaccountable money out of politics. [applause] hillary clinton[cheers] off the revolving door in washington and make sure the foxes are not guarding the hen house. [cheers] [applause] and let's learn

how to listen to each other and work together again. i am determined to break through the deadlock and get things done for fo working families. democratsublicans and can work together. i know because i have done it. i created the children's health withance network republicans and democrats. i worked with republicans and toocrats to bring jobs back upstate new york and help new york rebuild and heal after 9/11. i did not just represent democrats as secretary of state, i represented all americans, because you know what -- [applause] [cheers] we are all on the same team. it is time we started to act like it. there is no limit to what we can achieve if we do. now, i confess, i confess, it is

true, i can be a little wonky. i have an old-fashioned idea. if you're running for president, you should say what you want to do and how you will get it done. [applause] [cheers] so now, now that you have heard some of my plans for the economy, ask yourself, what are donald trump's plans? best i can tell is he has no credible strategy for creating jobs and maybe we should not expect better from someone whose most famous words are " you're fired. " he railed against other countries.

trump's own products are made in countries that are not named america. trump's suits were made in mexico. he could've had the made in brooklyn, ohio. trump's furniture is made in turkey, instead of cleveland. trump's bar where is made in slovenia instead of toledo. how does that fit into his talk about america first? that is just the start. this is a man who plays coy with white supremacists and mocks people with disabilities, who talks about banning an entire religion from entering our country, who advocates of getting rid of gun free zone s in schools, letting more countries have nuclear weapons, defaulting on national debt, turning back the clock on

marriage equality. just like elizabeth, i can go on and on. this is someone whose reaction to the horrific mass shooting in orlando was to publicly congratulate himself. and on friday, when britain europeanleave the union, he crowed about how the disruption would end up creating higher profits for his golf course, even though within 24 100rs, americans lost $ billion from our 4 401(k)s. trump sitting in the oval office the next time america faces a crisis. no.ence: hillary clinton: imagine him

being in charge when your jobs stake.ings are iat imagine him trying to figure out what to do in case of an emergency. so it is no wonder, is it? that risk analysts listed a donald trump presidency as one of the top threats facing the global economy, ahead of terrorism. well, we are not going to let donald trump bankrupt america the way he bankrupted his casinos. [cheers] [applause] chapterto write a new in the american dream and it cannot be chapter 11. [cheers] [applause] if you believe donald trump is wrong for america and our best days are ahead of us, please, campaign. this

we are stronger together, we are stronger when we grow together, when we lift each other up, when our economy is working for everyone, not just those at the top aired let's get to work ohio. let's knock on doors and register voters. reed back toicia columbus. let's get strong progressive leaders like senator warren in washington. let's take our country in the right direction with confidence and optimism. that is what we can do together. thank you, ohio. god bless you. [applause] [cheers] ♪ song, takey fight back my life song,.

. i will be strong, i will pay my fight song ♪ i don't really care if no one because i've, still got a lot of fight left in me ♪ me ♪of fight left in this is my fight song, take back my life song, prove i'm alright song ♪ i'll be strong, i'll play my fight song, and i don't really ,are if nobody else believes because i've got a lot of fight left in me. me ♪of fight left in

song, take fight back my life song, prove i'm alright song ♪ >> hillary clinton and senator elizabeth warren wrapping up their first joint campaign appearance. news from the supreme court. the high court struck down a texas law restricting abortion rights. some people involved in the case talking to reporters right now. the texas lottery required doctors at abortion -- law required doctors at abortion the next to have admittance privileges. because of the law, half of the abortion clinics were forced to

close. hillary clinton voted the decision -- tweeted the decision women.in for another supreme court ruling, virginia governor bob mcdonnell's conviction on craft charges was sent to a lower court for retrial. he was convicted of taking bribes in exchange for political action. the supreme court ruled unanimously the case needs to be retried and prosecutors have to bob mcdonald took action on a case. on can see live action c-span3 outside supreme court. later today on c-span, the conversation about the future of nato and what great britain's exit from the european union might mean for nato. that is at 1:30 p.m. eastern and live on c-span. we are back at the atlantic council at 4:30 p.m. eastern for

conversation on us-mexico relations. fromll hear from officials the george w. bush administration and obama administration. [applause] [cheers] >> the hard-fought 2016 primary season is over with historic dimensions to follow this summer. >> colorado, ohio, florida. >> watch c-span as elegant consider the nomination of the first woman ever to lead a little party and the first non-politician in several decades. c-span.ve on you have a front row seat to every minute of both beginnings, all th july 18.

♪ q&a, author and institute fellow arthur herman. book, douglasis macarthur: american warrior. arthur herman, what made douglas mccarter so >> well, a number of things. i think there was aspect of his personality, his politics and then there's also simply the -- what can i say? the business of the man. i'll start with that first. he was someone who was a major american figure for more than half a century. someone who commanded american troops in

action and helped to shape american war policy in not one, not two, but three world wars and the cold war. here's somebody who really with the possibly exception of franklin roosevelt was presided at more events and made more decisions that shaped the history of 20th century united states than -- i can't think of anyone else. with the exception of f.d.r. there was his politics. he was conservative republican which didn't rub well with the democrat presidents he had to work with particularly f.d.r. and harry truman. he wasn't a conservative taft republican. as taftt someone republicans were interested in , overturning aspects of the new deal and the incipient welfare state when he runs for president

in 1952. he's more moderate than that. and that offended some conservatives at that point. he's a resolute anti-communist at a time when again, a lot pinning on the left is -- is more sympathetic and more willing to work with the soviet union. and then there's the person -- the man himself. he is somebody who always gives off the err air that he is the smartest person in the room. and that if you don't know it, you're going to find out very soon. but the decisions that he made are made from the best possible evidence , from the weightest judgment and therefore shouldn't and can't be questioned. this is something again that rubs other people with similar large scale egos the wrong way and it led to friction and conflict, both with american presidents, two in particular, f.d.r. and truman

but also -- but also led to conflicts with people within his own service and in the other branches of the u.s. military in that half century-plus career. host: when did you decide you wanted to write a big book on him? a big book on him. the idea of a book on macarthur was planted on my head by an editor at random house original. and i had thought about macarthur as a great follow-up as some of the biographical work that i had done. i had done the general book for example. the war in the pacific, particularly the southwest pacific had intrigued me when i gandhiking on my book on and churchhill. it was one of those moments when someone sort of flashes a sign on you and

suddenly everything converges and you realize this is some i would love to do but something i think could be really different from the kinds of books that had been written about macarthur in the past, reevaluate who this person was. his virtues made him one of the most adored and adulated figures in the american history and also what were his flaws an what were the things that made him in many ways unpleasant and hated by millions of people. host: you have some video from in 1952 national republican convention. people had never seen him get a chance to see what he looked like. this video is not very sharp. but let's watch this and we'll ask you about it. my long life i have been

a member of the republican party. as before me was my father, an ardent supporter of abraham lincoln. faith thatbiding this party if it remains true to its great traditions can provide the country with a leadership which, as in the days of lincoln, will bring us back to peace and tranquility. back to peace entering quality. >> he died in 1964 and was 84 years old when he died. -- in hishe at his life at this point? >> it is an interesting clip. it is hard to believe that man is 72 years old. he looks great. everybody who knew macarthur at theways stunned

degree to which even in times of the enormous stretch, the korean war and leading in world war ii, people were stunned by the fact that he only seemed healthy and strong. people always talked about how tall he was. he was under six feet. he just stood so tall and he wrecked that he had a bearing about him that just made people add a couple of inches to his height. that is noting is macarthur at his best. speech of a man who is at that point deeply disappointed. to really get a sense of where macarthur is in terms of his rhetorical power, you really have to go back to his speech to the joint session of congress right after he returned from korea in which the house rose as a body over 50 times to applaud lines of the speech -- and that's of course, the one that finishes with the famous old soldiers never die, they only fade away. a soldier who has done his duty as he saw it.

that is probably macarthur at his best. but this is an interesting clip for this reason. this is a disappointed macarthur. this is a macarthur that had hoped that that speech to the joint session of congress would be the propellant for getting him into the white house, getting him the republican nomination, and in fact, he got almost nowhere. he was swamped by the taft and eisenhower forces. and eisenhower, his former chief of staff going back to the days in the philippines, the person he always looked down on as a sort of a junior officer-type protege. he ends up with the nomination instead. brian: did he support him? arthur: he does. he does. up until the convention he took his 10 delegates that he had when the convention taft.

he was a taft support her. he was embittered about how they treated him. but they become more reconciled. eisenhower reached out to truman to ask his advice about how to end the korea war which is going to be one of those endless wars that we gotten used but that we are used to today. that's not how we usually see macarthur. macarthur was someone who, early on, understood the importance of trademark look as a way to project leadership. brian: like the cover of the book? arthur: like the cover on the book. the corncob pipe. which, by the way, he did not smoke. he preferred cigarettes and cigars, but because it was a trademark corncob pipe. he designed it. and he knew that was the image. that was macarthur. the corncob pipe. the hat.

the cap with the scrambled eggs on top and then the eagle. which he designed himself, as a matter of fact. he had a haberdashery in new york, who when he lost a hat or it wore out he would have an exact copy sent to him. the letter jacket, the air force jacket that he wore. all of these things are what made douglas macarthur and icon. all of them he very consciously worked on in his thinking about himself as a leader, because he saw these as ways in which he could communicate the sense of leadership, that sense of confidence which inspired his troops really from the first world war all the way to the darkest days in korea. brian: in this clip he mentioned his father. arthur macarthur. and the two of them are both in the military.

and you point out how the two of them are both in the military. they both got a medal of honor. they're both generals. how did that happen? arthur herman: the medal of honor that arthur macarthur earned was for leading the siege of chattanooga leading the seeng at lookout mountain. brian: civil war. arthur: he is 16 years old when he goes off to war. becomes agitant to the 24th wisconsin. when you look at pictures of him, you kind of have a feeling that you're looking at somebody who is dressed up for halloween as a union soldier as a kid. but that is him. that is the real arthur macarthur. he is a civil war hero. he is wounded, severely wounded several times. and at the end of the war, he becomes a commander and commands is regiment. he is not all devote that he is old enough to command a union army regiment. he had a choice of careers. he could have gone into

politics. he could have gone into business. he was a wisconsin hero. and instead what he did was to remain in the army and served on, as i describe in the book, the series of john ford movie sets out, you know, ford from films like "fort apache" and "she wore a yellow ribbon" where he brings his wife and his sons are all born there. his career he has, in many ways, a pathway to douglas macarthur's. one of the things i wanted to do in this book just to make it clear how much the linkage between macarthur the son and macarthur the father and how strong that link was. most of them talk about the mother. and we will talk about her in a minute i'm sure. she is a very powerful figure in macarthur's life up until her death in 1935. but arthur macarthur is the person who teaches him about the

art of war, who teaches him about the honor of service in the u.s. military, u.s. army and also the one who opens his eyes to america's possibilities as a great power in asia in becoming the light of democracy and freedom in asia as the european colonial powers and empires fall apart. arthur macarthur was the david petraeus of the philippininess recollection. he is the one who figures out how to defeat the philippines insurrection. and by a ruiz captures the philippine leader who he then sign as peace treaty with and releases from prison. he begins the process of reconstruction in the phillipines as military governor there. and, there's a whole series of reforms to bring the philippines, a former spanish colony into the common world and

to give it rule of law, sanitation and road services and roads. he even writes a textbook on philippine history for the school kids. he's a master administrator as well as a brilliant military strategist. and as i point out in the book, when his son douglas then goes out to japan to administer the occupation, the post war japan, everyone is amazed at his ability to pull this society together and to make these important, even radical changes and some ways, and to juggle all of the forces and all of the different pressure groups within japan and in washington and the other allies with such effortless skill and part of is as i explained in the book he learned all of this from his father.

from his father's experience in the philippines. brian: you mentioned his mother. i might as well go there. did you say in the book even his -- that he finished first at west point? arthur: yes. he was probably the finest record of a student at west point of anyone since robert e. lee and a record that still stands unchallenged till this day. brian: all right, can you tell us -- i know that his mother moved near him when he went to harvard. why did douglas macarthur's mother move to west point? arthur: she moved there to do two things. one is to help supervise his studies. she lived in a rooming house outside the grounds of west point. there they are. that's young douglas there on the right and of course, his mother mary pinkney. pinky macarthur as she became known. she looks pretty formidable in that picture, and she was. but when i started this book, i was very much led by previous biographers as macarthur who think of her is this domineering woman.

almost a kind of lady macbeth type. sort of pushing and propelling her son forward in his career. and she did rush and propel him forward. but what i came to realize and the more learned about the relationship, i realized there was a second thing she did at west point. she provided strong emotional support and guidance for him with really strong tough decisions he had to make. macarthur throughout his life conveyed an image of a man who was totally certain of himself. completely in command. someone who is sure of every decision he makes and choices he makes an life. and this is one of the characteristicses everybody noticed about him. but underneath him was someone very insecure, someone who needed supports. someone filled with self-doubts. his mom provided that support. he would find it later on with his second wife, jean macarthur.

but her role, i came to realize more and more was very constructive, very helpful and i don't think he would have the kind of career he did or achieved the kinds of heights and success in the army if she hadn't been there to support him and provide help and guidance. brian: i hate to do this to you. arthur: go ahead. brian: short quick points from the different periods in his life. we've got so much to go into. but and you'll see why i want to do this. but what did he do that was significant in world war i? arthur: well, he did two things. one was what earned him -- should have earned him a medal of honor. nobody had any doubts about it was his incredible bravery in action leading troops of the 42nd division, the rainbow division as it was called in and commanding a combat brigade within that division. he wins seven silver stars in world war i. brian: what does that mean? arthur: it means for exceptional

bravery under fire. he's a staff officer. he's someone who goes and leads the troops from the front. he says i have to go see what is happening for myself. what our guys are going up against and what the terrain is and what the enemy positions at look like. and so he goes to action on a regular basis. seven silver stars, two distinguished service medals and nominated for a medal of honor but in the end, general pershing says no -- his incredible bravery goes without question. however, if he had been killed he would get a medal of honor. but he survives so i think we're going to skip the medal of honor this time around. he as part of the general staff help to structure the american expeditionary force as it went over.

he helped build the 42nd division to go over there and to organize which divisions that weren't ready for this kind of large-scale conventional warfare in europe, he was the one that helps to mastermind the whole campaign, the whole putting together of this force that pershing leads in the war. so he's a hugely influential figure as a young major and then brigadier general. brian: what year did he go to europe and fight? arthur: 1917. it would be in the fall of 1917. the main action that he and the 42nd division saw was in 1918. brian: was he married? arthur: no, he was still single. brian: he would have been in his 30's? arthur: in his 30's. he would have been -- yes. brian: he had to be a brigadier general. and major general. let's go to world war ii. what's the major complishment in world war ii? arthur: he manages to turn what looked like a massive defeat in the philippines into a spring board victory.

i mean it in this sense, the philippines comes into attack the same time as pearl harbor, it wipes out the b-17 force that macarthur and everybody else in the army air force thought they were going to defend those islands protect them from japanese invasion. he's completely outclassed in terms of equipment, in terms of quality of soldiers, numbers of soldiers that he could rely upon in the campaign. and yet in the retreat the baton, he managed to fight the japanese to a standstill. he's pulled out from there by orders from franklin roosevelt, contrary to myth, macarthur didn't arrange to leave the philippines and the fortress where he was holed up with a

handful of his staff. he had intended to fight to the death. he assumed that would be his they did the philippines. but roosevelt for various reasons orders him to go to australia. ryan: let me ask you about this. the philippines are located near --? arthur: closer to japan. they are, in a sense, as macarthur understood that it was the springboard that lead to the invasion of japan. brian: who owned the philippines? arthur: it was still an american protectorant. brian: and where is corregidor? arthur: it's in manila. it overlooks manila harbor, built originally by the spanish and three fortified by the americans.

a way to control. the japanese naval force. to control from the sea. but the japanese did not bother with that. they came over lend. brian: where is baton? arthur: it's the peninsula that sticks out like a thumb just to the west of manila and sticks into manila bay. and that is where macarthur's army finally had to make its last stand against the japanese onslaught. brian: ok, i know this is quick but the next step would be when he was in charge of japan after the war. what did he do there? arthur: you can't forget the campaigns in the southwest pacific area. he took the situation where he had very scant supplies and men and equipment and turned it into major victories. brian: what year? arthur: that would be in march of 1942. and three bloody years of fighting in new guinea and the solomons and then up to liberate the philippines. brian: and where is new guinea? arthur: new guinea is the second largest island in the world as a matter of fact after australia. it sits at north of australia. and it was a jumping off place for the japanese for invasion of

australia to invade it. it dominates that whole southwest pacific area. brian: how many troops were under his control? arthur: in the very early days he had perhaps 5,000. in the end he commands the largest military force the united states has ever assembled for the invasion of the the philippines and then he was to be placed in charge of the supreme commander of all of the invasion forces of the island of japan for the final onslaught for operation downfall, which does not happen because we drop atomic bombs. brian: is it true he didn't know they were dropping atomic bombs? arthur: he learns about it by reading "stars and stripes." the army newspaper. he was aware that the bomb had been developed. he had been given that information but that it was going to be used and when it was going to be used, all this was kept secret from him. brian: would he have used it? arthur: i think not. i think he was -- i think he felt that the bomb had this tremendous potential to completely undermine and

demoralize the japanese. he was more in favor of using it in a demonstration way as opposed to an actual dropping of it. and, for the rest of his life, macarthur looked upon nuclear weapons as being really something that should mark the end of warfare as we know it and was part of a whole campaign later on in his life towards a unilateral disarmament. brian: during world war ii, was he married? did he have children? and where did his mother live at that point? arthur: he had met his wife because i explain in the book from the oral history that his wife did in the late 1990's before she died. this is jean macarthur, the second wife. they met out in the voyage to the philippines when he went to assume command of basically the

philippine military mission the united states had set up there to help the philippines build a self-defense force, basically an army that could be used to defend the islands. this is why he was headed out there. his mother was with him. she was very ill at the time. i do not think it was coincidental that shortly after his mother died and was buried in the philippines, it is not so coincidental that his friendship with jean faircloth was her name, a girl from murphysboro, tennessee not far from where his father fought at the battle of stones river where my great grandfather had fought. it's not coincidental that they had a friendship that then blossomed into a romance. and before she returned to the united states, they had a secret agreement to marry. brian: when did he divorce his wife? arthur: the divorce comes about 1927, 1928. brian: i've got it down 1927 from the book.

arthur: 1927. brian: and why did they get divorced? arthur: it was a very unhappy marriage. i think he fell hopelessly in love with virginia her while he was superintendent with her at west point. she was his first wife louise brooks. not the film actress,l but she was the heir to a wall street fortune. she was very vivacious. she was delightful company. she was very sexy. and of course, enormously wealthy with the settlement with her husband. and, i think she was just irresistible to someone like macarthur. and it was only i think after marriage that team began to realize he had married the wrong person. she was not going to be the strong emotional support that he needed. that his mother, who disapproved very much of the marriage was able to provide and that jean was able to provide and providing that same kind of vivacious outgoing sexy personality that made her the perfect companion for him as wife, as mother and as confidant. brian: why did you have access to his wife's history? arthur: it's now at the

macarthur memorial archives in norfolk, virginia where i spent a great deal time working on this book. it just had not been available. the other biography said, before that was done. she had always promised to douglas that she would not do an oral history. and her son arthur had also made that promise to her, do not do that. our lives together are private. the public record about myself as public douglas would tell her, but our life together is private. the just before she died, she realized it was important to ignore that promise and carry forward with that. and we are all happy about that. brian: he dies in 1964. she lives to be 100. arthur: she dies in 2002. you might want to check on that. brian: how long did they live at the waldorf astoria?

arthur: they live there until his death in 1964. i am not entirely clear about how long she continued to live at the waldorf astoria by herself. but for years after -- her son after all was arthur macarthur. also in new york city. the waldorf astoria apartment was a place that was for him, not just a refuge, but also a watchtower where he could keep track of current events and have distinguished visitors, including american presidents. and a place to sort of gather his mementos from his years in japan. everything else about his prior life had been destroyed during the recapture of manila during world war ii. everything had gone up in smoke at the hotel manila. he's a man who a couple of times basically had to rebuild his life, rebuild the mementos, the

favorite things around him and his family several times. these were the remarkable things about him, i think that i would want -- people who read the biography. this was someone who was knocked down and beaten down so many times in his career when he could have been written off as someone who would be -- until the end of his career. this is the end of his service to america and yet he always comes back. it's an extraordinary story. brian: the next step, japan. how long was he in japan and what kind of power did he have after the war was over. arthur: pretty much absolute. he was empowered by the other allies and by president truman to basically do what he liked in order to reconstruct japan. and he did it with success that even his most severe critics today who have gone over his

record with a fine tooth comb looking for any serious mistake, even his severe critic give him high marks with what he was able to do with japan. take a country who was a broken nation, devastated by war, demoralized by defeat with a cloud hanging over it because of the way in it had behaved treating the chinese and allied p.o.w.'s. it was a country whose reputation was in tatters and he manages to rebuild its economy, mansion to restore a sense of pride, give it a new democratic -- manages to restore a sense of pride, give it a new constitution the same one they have today and to really bring japan into integrated into the family of industrialized democracies of which were part and europe. it's an amazing achievement. he didn't do it all by himself as some admirists have claimed. he had a lot of great ideas that came from members of his staff. also important instructions that came from washington about what to do.

in the end, the ability to orchestrate the re-construction of an entire country of 80 million people, to do that from 1946 to the outbreak of the war in korea, now the focus on the public of the korean peninsula, an amazing achievement. it would not have been possible, i believe, if he had not had his father's example before him of how to deal with it and the occupied country and how to build the confidence and modernized institutions. but you have to give him credit for the way he was able to do this with such aplomb in the face of, in many cases, intentional opposition including from washington. brian: what else did you find that was new besides oral history? arthur: oral history was one. a lot of material had to do with macarthur's war in korea which

we have not gotten to yet. brian: that is next. [laughter] arthur: it really comes out of soviet and chinese archives. i also think this is a biography which has taken full account of the degree to which allied intelligence, u.s. intelligence, played such a vital role in macarthur's successes and the southwest pacific area. the degree to which being able to decrypt japanese naval codes at first and then japanese army codes was able to provide him with the means i which to outsmart and outguess his japanese opponents on me at all failed. and to conduct the kind of bold moves he was able to do. his first sort of comprehensive biographers, william manchester and clayton james did not know about any of this.

they were really unaware of the degree to which ultra provided this vital information to macarthur. his other biographer, for whom i have a lot of respect, talks about it but this is about a biography that gives a whole new insight by a someone who understands the importance of the intelligence. brian: where you live? arthur: we live in washington, d.c. i am senior fellow at the hudson institution. brian: this book is what number? arthur: this is number eight of my books. brian was at the number one bestseller? arthur: it sold well over half a million copies worldwide at this point. it is a book which i am enormously proud and one which was a good one to start on the direction. brian: when you're writing a

book like this, when was the last day you spend writing this book? nine months ago? 10 months ago? arthur: in the process of adjustments and adding materials. i have moved on to the next book. the new book which i will be doing with harpercollins who published my history of the british navy building the global system, the new book is on woodrow wilson, vladimir lenin and the year that shook the world, 1917. and why that year, in the midst of world war i, two momentous decisions those men dead. woodrow wilson to enter world war i, and then lenin to topple the provisional government that had taken over in st. petersburg

after the abdication of these are into install a revolutionary bolshevik instead. how those two events ever -- those two events have ricocheted and shaped the modern history. shaped world history, really. that is the next. it will be shorter than next one, i promise. brian: moving on to the next war, the korean war, this is a video that a lot of people have already seen. it is harry truman relieving macarthur of his duties. we will come back and you can explain how that happened. [begin video clip] harry truman: i have thought long and hard about this question about extending the war in asia. i have discussed it many times. i believe with all my heart that

the course we are following is the best course. a number of events have made it evident that general macarthur did not agree with the policy. i have therefore considered it a essential to relieve general macarthur so that there would be no doubt or confusion as to the purpose of our policy. it is of the deepest personal regret that i found myself compelled to take this action. general macarthur is one of our greatest military commanders, but the cause of world peace is much more important than any individual. military commanders, but the cause of world peace is much more important than any individual. brian: what happened? arthur: this is one of those moments when you begin to realize that the clash of personalities is as important as the clash of ideologies and collision of the events or