and started settling up satellite communities and 33 families established provo in 1849. watch c-span's cities toward saturday and eastern on c-span 2's book tv and on american history tv on c-span3. working with our cable affiliates and visiting these across the country. next week they given to the council on foreign relations in washington at the podium is judy woodruff of the pbs news hour. she will interview the cia director john brennan about national security threats. more live coverage on c-span. good afternoon everyone. it is indeed a pleasure to be back of the council to compare notes on a remarkably complex and dynamic international scene. i look forward to talking with

judy and the council memberships about topics in the headlines. i would like to offer some brief opening remarks to kick off the conversation today. i admitted or the other of office to new officers at our headquarters in langley, virginia, i told him the are coming aboard at a critical moment in the agency's history. and a 36 years since i first entered government i have never been witnessing a time with such adopting array of challenges to our nations security. notable among the challenges is that some of the institutions and relationships that have been pillars of the post-cold war system are under serious stress. , the unitednow kingdom voted last week to leave the european union. of all the crisis the eu has faced in recent years, the u.k. vote to leave the eu may well be its greatest challenge. brexit is pushing the eu into a preventhat will virtually every thing it does in

the coming weeks, months, and even years ahead. europe, around including in denmark, france, italy and the netherlands are to medicare on referendums on multiple eu issues. this will surely make decision-making and consensus in the eu much harder. no member state has ever left the union. ofope is entering a period uncertainty as the u.k. anti-eu take stock of the situation and began staking out there negotiating positions. discussions will dominate the eu agenda in the months ahead. negotiations for the exit agreement will not begin until the prime minister really notifies the eu of the u.k.'s intention to leave. prime minister david cameron said he will occur under his successor. excludingte leaders the u.k. will be meeting in the coming days and weeks to begin laying groundwork for those negotiations.

i would like to take this opportunity to say this will not adversely affect the partnership between united states and united kingdom in the months and years ahead. i spoke to my counterpart in london early monday morning. thataffirm to one another the bonds of friendship and cooperation between our services are only destined to grow stronger in the years ahead. these ties are and will always be essential to our collective security. i presume a few of you have questions about terrorism and the so-called islamic state of the rock in the labonte. -- lavant. our collective hearts go out to the families of the latest victims of the horrific terrorist attacks perpetrated, as well as incited by isil. the despicable attack in his stumble yesterday that killed thousands and injured many more certainly bears the hallmarks of isil's depravity. let me say a few words about

some important issues we have the cia and our colleagues throughout the global community are watching closely. i will start with the overarching challenge of instability, which continues to grip large sections of the globe. global instability is one of the defining issues of our time. its implications are hard to overstate. as instability spreads, extremists and terrorists are finding sanctuary in ungoverned spaces. energy supplies are being disrupted, political reform is suffering is too many government opt for authoritarian measures at the expense of democratic principles and respect for human rights. most devastating of all is the human toll. last week, the united nations reported the number of people displaced by global instability and conflict had reached 65 million, the highest figure ever recorded. and a host of countries from

east asia to the middle east in west africa, governments are under stress. institutions struggle to provide basic services and maintain law and order. as governments in these regions received from the center of national life, more people are shifting their allegiances away from the nationstate and towards subnational groups and identities. leading societies at once embraced the national identity to fracture along ethnic and sectarian lines. nowhere is this trend more evident than in the middle east, a region i have studied closely for much of my professional life. when i lived there i liked to walk the neighborhoods and villages to observe the rhythms of daily life. i remember seeing people of different backgrounds and beliefs living side-by-side, secular and about. oftenthe divisions are marred by suspicion and distrust and even outright hostility. extremist groups have played a key role in fueling these tensions, lowering

impressionable young men and women to join their cause and spreading false narratives meant to divide and inflame. in some areas a whole generation growing up in an environment of militarism without developing the skills to contribute or even to engage in modern day society. the underlying causes of these trends are complex and difficult to address. the long-term consequences of these developments are deeply troubling. global instability is an issue that affects all countries, from russia to china to the united states. it must be met by strong collective response from the international community. i am certain this issue will loom large on the agenda of the next administration. another strategic challenges dealing with the tremendous power, potential, opportunities and risks residents in the digital domain. no matter how many geopolitical crises are in the headlines, the reliability, security, vulnerability and the range of human activity taking place

within cyberspace are constantly on my mind. security front, organizations of all kinds are under constant attack from a range of actors. foreign governments, criminal gains, cyber activists and others. in this new and relatively uncharted frontier, speed and agility are keen. malicious actors are shown they can penetrate a network and withdraw in a very short order, plundering systems without anyone knowing their there until maybe after the damage is already done. i served in the white house. cyber was part of my portfolio and it was always the subject they can be the biggest headache. cyber attackers are determined and adaptive. they often collaborate and share expertise. they, even so many different ways, with an ever-changing array of tools, tactics and. moreover, our laws are not adequately adapted to the emergence of this new digital

frontier. most worrisome from my perspective is that there is still no political or national consensus on the appropriate law of the government, enforcement, homeland security, and intelligence agencies in safeguarding the security, reliability, resiliency and prosperity of the digital domain. the intelligence community is making gra -- great strides. as we move forward, one thing we know is that private industry will have a huge role to play as the vast majority of the internet is a private hands. protecting it is not something the government can do on its own. right up there with terrorism, global instability and cyber security is nuclear proliferation. and delivery systems both tactical and strategic to make the real potential of a nuclear event. unsurprisingly, the top of my list of countries are concerned as north korea, whose

authoritarian and brutal leader has pursued a nuclear weapons program to threaten regional state and the united states instead of taking care of the impoverished and politically repressed men, women and children of north korea. what else is there besides terrorism, global instability, cyber security and nuclear proliferation that worries the cia director and keeps us busy around the clock and around the globe? as a liberal arts guy from the baby boomer generation, the rapid pace of technological change during my lifetime has been simply dizzying. moreover, as we have seen with just about every scientific leap forward, new technologies often carry substantial risks to the same degree that they hold tremendous promise. nowhere are the stakes higher for our national security and in the field of biotechnology. recent advances in genome editing that offer great potential for breakthroughs in public health are also cause for concern.

the same methods could be used to create genetically engineered biological warfare agents. though the overwhelming geordie nation states of tended to be rational enough to refrain from releasing a menace, a subnational terrorist entity such as isil would a few compunctions and wielding such a weapon. the scope of the threat, as well as measures to mitigate it were laid out clearly last october in a report of the blue-ribbon study panel on by a defense chaired by former senator joe lieberman and homeland security secretary tom rach. the international security response to this issue lag behind the technology driving it. countering this danger requires the development of national and international strategies, along with the consensus of the laws, standards and authorities that are needed. as cia officers and their colleagues work hard to protect our country on the darker side

of technological change we are mindful of how even beneficial advantages can have destabilizing effects in the long run. analyst drawing from academic studies and other elements of the ever-expanding pool of global open source information seek to offer our national leaders early warning of potential challenges that could arise from the advances we are seeing today across the spectrum of technological endeavors. as former defense secretary and director bob gates is fond of saying, when intelligence officer smell flowers, they look around for a coffin. that remains a good depiction of our mindset. taking a page in the biotech and life sciences sectors, is have a wide range of breakthroughs that potentially could extend life expectancy such as new methods of fighting cancer and a greater understanding of the aging process could reinforce the trend towards older populations and advanced nations. some of the world's leading

economies, and even the lesser economies, if a stronger headwinds from having significantly larger portions of retired people and older people will attempt to working age citizens. another example is the array of technologies often referred to collectively as geo-engineering. they could help reverse the warming effects of global climate change. one that is game of personal attention is stratospheric aerosol injection. a method of seating the stratosphere with particles that can help reflect the sun's heat in much of the same way that volcanic eruptions do. a program could limit global temperature increases, producing some risk associated with higher temperatures and providing the world economy additional time to transition from fossil fuels. this process is also relatively inexpensive. the national research council estimates a fully deployed program would cost about $10 billion yearly. as promising as it may be,

moving forward would also raise a number of challenges for our government and for the international community. on the technical side, greenhouse gas emission reductions would still have to account many sai to address other climate change effects such as ocean acidification. sai alone would not remove greenhouse gases from the atmosphere. on the geopolitical side, the technology's potential to alter weather patterns and benefit certain regions of the world at the expense of other regions could trigger sharp opposition by some nations. others might seize on the benefits and back away from their commitments to carbon dioxide reductions. break your other technologies, global norms and standards are lacking to guide that employment and implementation of essay i and other -- sai and other geo-engineering initiatives. i could go on about things that fascinate me, but rather than talk about them i thought it would stop here and start the conversation with judy.

and then i can take some questions. i very much appreciate the invitation to come back here. as i say to other groups and speak to, it is a tremendous honor and privilege every day to be referred to as a director of central intelligence agency. i lead an organization full of patriotic men and women to take great risks and put themselves in the front lines in order to keep your fellow americans safe and secure entity with a candy heat this country's security secure. 90 some much. -- thank you so much. [applause] judy:: i think we are all impressed with the array of challenges and issues you deal with on a regular basis, director brennan. i do want to come back and i want to come back to what is in the news right now. that is the latest attack in istanbul.

what the administration has been saying, then i think you referenced it just now is that it has the earmark of isis. how much is known about who is behind this and what is the point in their direction? mr. brennan: to my knowledge there is no credible responsibility of this point, but that is not surprising. in most instances, isis is not claimed credit responsibility for attacks perpetrated inside of turkey. what they do is they carry out these attacks to gain the benefits from it in terms of sending a signal to our turkish partners. at the same time not want to potentially alienate some of those individuals inside of turkey that they miss -- may still be trying to gain support. judy: why are they able to pull off these attacks with what seems to be great regularity without the ability to prevent them from happening? mr. brennan: i think there is a variety of reasons.

first, when individuals are committed to carrying out these attacks, these suicide attacks they kill and maim so many people, they really don't have to worry about an escape route. it makes carrying out the attack so much easier. they just want to make sure they're able to penetrate whatever sort of perimeter andnse there might be -- there is no perimeter defense. that is part of what an open society is. they are able to get their hands on weapons, automatic weapons whether they are legally procured in some countries or through the black market in others. they are able to take advantage of the technology that allows them to communicate by securely having intelligence agencies able to understand what it is they are plotting. plot,able to fabricate a carry it out among a small group of individuals. unfortunately a feature of our times that i sold -- isil

has been determined to carry out these attacks. judy: is it something the rest of the roads to get used to? mr. brennan: i think we have to redouble our efforts to try to uncover what they are doing, stop them, and also go to the source. those who are directing and orchestrating these attacks. most of the attacks are directed or incited by their external operations group which is resident in syria. judy: in several news interviews you have done recently you made a point of saying our efforts have not reduced isis'capability and global reach. there is a frustration that seems to come through. not that there is an expression on your face, but what is it?

what does it mean to someone who is been working in this area for so long? mr. brennan: any intelligence or law enforcement professional who has responsibilities to prevent these attacks from occurring, those involved in counterterrorism for quite some and, are interested determined to do what we can to destroy these organizations that give birth to these horrific attacks. as i have said recently, we have made significant progress with coalition partners in syria and iraq where most of the isis members are resident right now. be ability to continue to propagate its narrative as well as to insight and carry out these attacks, i think we still have a ways to go before we are able to say we have made significant progress against them. judy: is it a need for better intelligence? better -- do we need more

resources, more money? what is it? mr. brennan: the challenge whi -- with isis, and compared al qaeda. al qaeda had a core of several hundred individuals. isis has tens of thousands of to westals scattered africa, southeast asia and beyond. the scope of the problem is number one. number two, they have made sophisticated use of fumigation systems. prevent to protect and -- protect their fumigation's and prevent the authorities having insight into what they are doing. and they have set upon the instability that is wrapped the middle east. east.ked the middle isis and al qaeda had nothing to do with the initiation of error spring, for they have taken advantage of the collapse of governments and the movement of people, goods in this 21st century world.

i think in many respects they can facilitate but isis is trying to do. they don't even have to reach out and touch somebody. othettack in orlando, and -- an individual was able to access the material. they are also able to guide and direct and deploy. there is a range of challenges that intelligence agencies have. also, share information among nations around the world. we saw that in the aftermath of brussels and paris. we're trying to work with european partners. 28, soon to be 27 eu members. how are they going to share information in a rapid fashion in order to stop individuals who we may have a bit of data on? you: with the brexit vote said it's not going to affect the u.s. partnership of great britain, but what about these other 27 or 28 members give or take? how can it not affect your

ability, the ability of the cia and other communities in the u.s. to deal with every one of these different entities? mr. brennan: that is what we do right now. much of our interaction is within the intelligence security services. we're trying to have multilateral sharing arrangements where we can all collectively use the information that we individually collected. the eu has not been an operational element of the counterterrorism effort. it is more of a policy and governments -- governance structure. i do not see it with our ability to work with the brits. judy: ecc must cooperation with the partners of the u.s. the have with intel sharing? mr. brennan: i don't because it seamless. i just said i don't think brexit will adversely affect how we deal with the brits. i think there is a lot of work to be done to put together a mission architecture that will

allow europe as a whole to share information in a timely fashion. we are working with the brits and the rest of the europeans, but it is not just a european issue. its middle eastern and african countries. this will be a journey we will be on for quite some time. judy: here in the u.s. for the orlando attack, with what happened in sa bernardino, do you think you have learned something from those incidents that they do in a better position to understand what to do to prevent or to get into the minds of these young people, mainly young men who are carrying out these isis inspired attacks? mr. brennan: this country has done a great job since 9/11 making the american homeland much more difficult for terrorists organizations to penetrate, physically. because of things like the

--"hlist and the" rotation operation between law enforcement and intelligence. i have tremendous respect for the fbi's capabilities. i interact with jim coming on a regular basis. the if the eye has a real challenge because there are individuals who could be in their home who have no interaction with other people, but will be on the internet and will be shaped influenced by what they are seeing in terms of its narrative and will decide on their own, maybe with a spouse or others, or maybe a loan to carry out an attack. if they get their hands on a weapon or explosive material, they could do great damage for the signatures traditionally associated with traditional terrorist groups. judy: what is the cia's role in working with the fbi on that? it is a domestic challenge, but the cia -- mr. brennan: working with our

other partners, and assay and weers -- nsa and others, share as much data information as possible. any lead we may have from overseas collection or access, we get a shared with our partners. trends or developments we see in terrorist organizations in terms of their modus operandi, we share that immediately. it's a constant interaction between all the different elements of the u.s. counterterrorism community. it has helped protect this country. the vulnerabilities that existed at 911 that the hijackers took advantage of, they no longer exists. there are other ways in isis can adapt to the reality to be able to carry out these attacks. judy: i want to come back to isis in syria and iraq because there has been some progress as you say, but it is frustratingly slow. you are dealing with -- you have the iranians playing a role in

iraq and to a lesser extent in syria. certainly in iraq. iranians as being supportive, being in a supportive role because of the side they had taken in iraq? or do you see them as being in the opposite? mr. brennan: yes. [laughter] things they can do and have done to address some of the terrorist threats they face, which are similar to the ones we face. one of the things about isis that distinguishes it from al qaeda it has an anti-shia dimension to it. because of the years where the sunni community felt shia dominated in baghdad was not addressing the needs of the community. they are very concerned about that. isthe same time, iran identified as the leading state sponsor of terrorism because of what they have done.

they are both a part of the problem, but they are also -- and i'm hopeful with the growing influence and descendents of some the more moderate elements within the iranian government that we may see iran truly move towards rejoining the community of nations and fulfilling its role and responsibility. the while he continues to provide support to terrorist and other groups, there is a real problem with tehran. judy: what is the level of communication between your agency and iran? mr. brennan: i don't communicate with iran. judy: zero to medication? not personally. mr. brennan: i personally do not have any formally -- relationship or engagement with iran. the agency does not. no formal intelligence

relations. judy: maybe somebody adhere to phrase it better? mr. brennan: no. [laughter] mr. brennan: we know the iranians very well. [laughter] just saying. assad does not on in syria.nging there does not seem to be much evidence right now he is budging from his position. where the weigh syrian conflict stands right now? mr. brennan: last year at this time assad was on the ropes. the syrian military was taking it on the chin and a number of areas north of damascus. that is what prompted moscow to decide to send several thousand russian military personnel, aircraft, weaponry, tanks, you name it to prop up the regime

they have invested in in the last 50 years. the downward trajectory of their fortunes were reversed as a result of that engagement on the part of moscow. d is parte that assa of the problem, not the solution. after thereason, atrocities he has perpetrated on his people, that he is lost a legitimacy in terms of ruling that country. that is also one of the reasons we have so many syrian people in arms against assad and the government and damascus and foreign fighters. we believe that although he is strengthened on the battlefield relative to last year, we are continuing to push the russians because they play a critical role. there will be no way forward without active russian cooperation, as well as true and genuine russian interest in trying to find a political half. this is not going to be resolved

on the battlefield. judy: do you see any progress on that front? mr. brennan: i had numerous interaction with my russian counterparts. i have talked with them. i feel as though they can do more. if i feel we can do more. i do not believe they have lived up to their commitments as far as honoring the cessation of hostilities and getting the trajectory of the conflict on a better course. particularly on the political transition front. judy: how do you turn that around? how do you change that? mr. brennan: the dogged determination of our diplomats kerry the individual john who works with others. we have interaction with our counterparts on the washington intelligence side to have a common appreciation of what the situation is inside of syria. i have no doubt the russians are

motivated in part in terms of their investment in syria out of concern about the growth of isis antiterrorist forces. whether it be isis, or al qaeda in syria, they are determined to try to crush those forces. at the same think they need to recognize that these forces have grown because of the problems that existed in syria in the syrian government. >> last question and then we will open it up to the audience. you said the greatest nuclear proliferation threat still comes from north korea. is there any progress in terms of intelligence, information, communication with the north? help us understand where that is. is another oneat of the more frustrating aspects of our international agenda.

you have someone who continues to pursue these nuclear and ballistic inabilities irrespective of what his people need. i do not believe he has yet come realize that the international community is going to remain united regret -- against the nucleus -- of the peninsula and we will not accept north korea as a nuclear state. it wants to bring north korea -- north korea out of it. there needs to be a better his continuedhat pursuit will only undermine his long-term prospects. stubborn andonally

not a very good listener. i now want to invite all of you to ask questions. i'm told the meeting is on the record. you already knew that. we have microphones we will bring to you. we're asking you to tell us who you are, give us your affiliation, keep it to one question so we can get to as many as possible. who has the first question? right here on the third row? >> i wonder if you could comment on the rivalry and it plans my help or hurt that relationship? it is anan: long-standing rivalry that predates the current leader ship .

unfortunately, it has undermined efforts in the past to bridge the gap. iraq and syria, they do not help dialogue.ate a there are sharp differences of view about what the future of syria and iraq should look like. so it is important for two large and important and influential countries. from cash for some of the actors to recognize that there needs to be a type of accommodation with the saudi read -- leadership and government and my engagements with the saudi's, and i do have

a relationship with saudi arabia, they are interested in pursuing that if they feel as though the iranian leadership is generally interested in pursuing something other than antagonistic relationships. >> is that something the u.s. is trying to persuade them of? one of the: motivating factors was, in addition to stopping iran's , it wasof the program to tamp down the tensions arriving as a result of that with the ultimate aim of having in gulf states, the ones that region, find a better way to communicate with one another and to see whether or not there will be a repair a of those relationships. in the past, there have been times when leaders have been able to work together.

there are areas where there has been quite a bit of interaction. sendhave decided not to this year and because of the antagonism that continues to exist. encouraging this tamping down of tensions and dialogue. >> far against the wall over here. >> john sullivan with george mason university. there have been a number of excellent articles recently in publications talking about the erosion of the democratic trend around the world and the arrival -- revival of autocratic tendencies. that was not one of the factors in youred but i wonder major and overarching concerns, to what degree do you worry about this fracturing of democracy and the increase of

the authoritarian revival? we will make my remarks available on the cia website later today. i say in their a lot of these governments and regimes have opted on democratic principles and human rights. unfortunately, some of these governments feel as though they are being overwhelmed by the security cap -- challenges they face and they will be welcoming .ack traditional measures that it isrecognize continuing to be a journey for us. it is not a light switch that -- d be just

in some of these cities, they are still socially, so -- culturally, politically, very unfamiliar with the practices and democratic principles we hold so dear. this will take some time. are very clear these are actions they will not tolerate. , weabuse of human rights have not only threatened to cut off relations with these partners but we have information with these -- i think we need to keep the pressure on them and also make sure, between the government today, they are

significant. we have to help them navigate it. i have is the economic challenges these countries face are overwhelming. place, andng taking they are still in the midst of what will beng, required to put that country together, syria and iraq and economic reform in the economic regions not wracked -- how do you make the changes while dealing with some of these insidious threats that some toividuals who purport demonstrate a protest in the name of democracy are not really interested in a flourishing democracy.

they're interested in bringing down one authoritarian regime in favor of another one. this regime is wracked by will be right now that front and center for this united states government in the next administration for many years to come. >> in the back on the right here. thank you. >> you mentioned that in recent testimony, isis would have to lose a lot of money, hand really see them on the back foot. is that also possibly time to retire phases -- phrases like on the back foot or in retreat? all of these have seemed to the ideologybut just switches to a new group. beenrennan: terrorism has

with us for millennia, used by groups over the years for all sorts of purposes. carrying out these acts of andorism can be inexpensive relatively easy to fabricate, put together, and then carry out. when you have a motivational engine like isil that is able to encourage as well as artistic rate in this, it makes the situation and potential that much more serious. when i commented in recent testimony that we have made progress on the battlefield, we are still a ways from being able to say we are successfully able to for this eyesight -- isil growth. has been generated by what has happened, the phenomenon in the theater, it has a trajectory and momentum

carrying it forward. we need efforts designed to go inside of syria and iraq. we need to be attacking the networks in terms of flows of the narrative and the points that go out as well as working .ownstream to stop the attacks it needs to be a collective and combined effort to attack all of these areas. i am now concerned isil generates an engine of foreign terrorism outside of syria and iraq and still has a lot of that we cannot rest at all and we have to increase efforts. i was struck after i gave that testimony how a lot of members of the media were trying to highlight how my comments different from the white house's comments.

i am hard-pressed to think about where president obama and i distance on this issue. in terms of what we have been able to a but at the same time, our concern about what this can bring to all of our communities either because the hand can reach that far and they have taken advantage of the openness of our society or because they are doing it via the internet. on thee a similar view status of isil passes fortunes in terms of what they can do with external operations. >> in the very back, with the hand up, thank you. >> thank you. you said in an interview yesterday that you would be very supplies if isis was not plotting an attack in the united states. evidenceve credible that such an attack is in the works and has the chance of such an attack gone up in recent months and weeks?

mr. brennan: what i was saying is we have seen isil carry out an insight an array of terrorist attacks in the region, beyond the region, directly and indirectly. i would be surprised that isil is not considering carry out these attacks near as well as far. the united states is leading the coalition to destroy as much of this poison as possible. it would be a surprise to me that isil is not trying to hit us both in the region as well as in the homeland. i think what you see in the propagation in their material, they have a magazine that goes that.t says exactly thenybody here believes u.s. homeland is sealed and that

i sale would not consider that, i would guard against that. >> do you think we are more sealed than after 9/11? mr. brennan: absolutely. we have gone to great lengths and briefed foreign partners about how we learned some as aul at the -- lessons result of my 11. law enforcement, homeland security, other communities are working better than ever before. tremendous volume of data out there. ofe of it accurate and some it bogus. try and to put the puzzle pieces together is challenging. to theless boehner penetration but physical because of the actions taken. isil is taking advantage

of the technology to allow them to communicate in a secure fashion. it is worrisome. >> second role, -- second row, yes. >> in your list of challenges, you did not mention china, though there are several areas like cyber where it might seem to fit in one way or another. where does it fit into your list of challenges? could have gone on and on about the challenges. cannot not mention ukraine or a lot of issues related to russia. power ofa growing great, economic, political, and military influence and presence. we look at what is happening in the south china's the, there is a region for the

united states to pay attention to what china is doing on a number of fronts and we are. making sure our allies in the region know that we are not neglecting the area. i was at a conference and met with the heads of intelligence as a way to maintain dialogue and let them know the united states cheats this region of the world there's./and we national security interest we will not get way from. we need to keep our eye on all of the balls simultaneously. it is not an effort to try to contain china but to ensure that interest are protected in advance, as are the interest of allies in the region and we

fulfill our obligations. >> over here. >> hello. thank you being here today. another one on iran. sanctions, we are seeing a challenge because european banks are taking a look and saying the financial system, maybe i won't touch it. given that dynamic, are you seeing the moderates in politics surviving until such time as those financial benefits come through, and what event could tip the scales one way or another? mr. brennan: we are going through a transition period from on some aions were

friends and financial institutions and companies adapted to the framework they were prevented from engaging with iran. now we are positioning to the new environment in terms of what is allowed. needsan adjustment that to be made and i know officials and others are working with the iranian as well as third parties to make sure what is under -- what is permissible is understood and how these things can be done. the moderates will survive? absolutely. i think the expectations among some in iran wants to be assigned and were quite high. and there will be immediate relief as well as immediate dividends as a result of this. lot -- a lot was a be central government had to do in terms of structural and strategic issues.

the affected impact on individual iranians will take place over time. the impact will be felt sooner rather than later as a way to validate course that there president is on. this will take some time. i'm sure some people may be .rustrated by it our government is working to fulfill the obligations tending to the agreement. this is taking a bit of time. >> the third row. me, andve administrative question. and administrative issue. years ago, i heard you say there was a need for more language training in the agency.

i think i'm advanced in that direction. not seem to speak the local language. you say you wanted to do it and i'm just curious if it could be done. we only let you encounter the people we want to let you encounter. [laughter] >> [indiscernible] mr. brennan: i go to many stations and to our folks overseas. are in a variety of lime wedges. a language where we continue to provide incentives, rewards, wreck mission for individuals able to not just enhance their language but expand their reputable are.

-- repertoire. we need to have greater language capabilities in cyprus eia. we have global coverage that we need to fulfill, and the list of issues we need to deal with continues to grow, and resources are finite. we need to spread them around. having the language capability will give us the opportunity we need in order to fulfill our various missions. particularly on the human front, it is important for you to be able to have the ability to interact with individuals you want to work close with. >> this gentleman in the fourth row right here in the aisle. >> thank you and the women and men of the cia for all of your

efforts. if we had a new election in taiwan in january that process that, there are signs china is looking to make that relationship more old. i wonder if you could describe your sense of the growing threat from china to taiwan? mr. brennan: i think under paying,t gigi paying -- sident, putting new effects in the ground, as well as the relationship he wants with the country and other regions, the relationship with taiwan is an important one. whether or not there will be an adjustment in that, it will be dependent on how beijing views taiwan and vice versa. given there is a new administration in taiwan and there is a rather important dynamic going on the region with house china is flexing some of

its muscle, i think this also is a transition. it is not a secret to anybody that i think mainland china use taiwan in a very special way. it has asked relations to further solidify relations. i think this is all a part of that adjustment. think there is sometimes campaign rhetoric that takes place not just here but overseas , and once the reality of government sets in, sometimes those views are tempered as far as the nature of relations. i will leave it there. >> let's see. how about in the middle back there in the blue shirt? >> george salem. the 28tion concerns

pages you have been on record about, your view of their relative lack of value. my question is timing of release and a level of the classification whether they will also be released with the investigative report which puts it all in context? mr. brennan: i am only the director of the cia so i do not make decisions about the release of congressional documents and the joint -- made in 2002 that subsequently was followed up with the commission that thoroughly investigated all of the allegations and information in those 29 pages. there is an executive branch responsibility because the document cited executive ranch information. it has been said publicly there has been a review that has been underway so there will be

appropriate -- appropriate discussions with legislative ranches to finalize that i believe it is important attack meant. will be used by some to maybe misrepresent the facts or the history but that is why the 9/11 commission, arrow research investigation, really should be -- by folks there are other documents that come out of the same time as you point out but i defer to others who have that decision-making was not only. >> let's see. somebody -- you have had your hand up a long time. yes. >> simon henderson. in today's washington post, we

can get a passing reference to just reference. -- passing reference. mr. brennan: [indiscernible] >> the headline on the online version is at the 30-year-old prince could jumpstart the kingdom or drive it off a cliff. do and what u.s. should it do to get a good outcome in saudi arabia? continue to work closely with the saudi leadership and the saudi government. president obama has been there many times during his administration. we have constant interaction with the saudi government and the political economic security and intelligence and military realms. we have close alignment of objectives in some areas and need to continue to work with them.

2030 project spearheaded by infectiousmmed is an -- ambitious view of the future. the saudi leadership as a whole gets credit for thinking about how saudi arabia will prosper in the future across a number of different areas in terms of development, investment, of itsnt syndication economy. it is a very important country to the region's stability, u.s. national security interests, and what we are trying to do is make sure there is an active dialogue and an open and candid discussion. andpresident has been open honest and candid. we want to work together because we are he and there are areas

where the artist agreement. i have been impressed the candid. has been so it is particularly important now because we have paid a leadership. teameed to be working as a . number of challenges on the alongty front happening the border and inside of other countries. it is a we important relationship that we will continue to nurture and develop. >> this gentleman here, third in right here. us your yuki -- give assessment on whether your agency -- upfront? mr. brennan: we do cooperate with egyptians. dowant to make sure we can what we can to protect individuals, indeed -- egyptians

and others. is an isil group there but it used to be a local group. that basically pledge allegiance to isil. this was a very active group for a number of years and now it is the isis global architecture. their responsibility for carrying out attacks against egyptian security, military there, they pose a threat to the multinational observers inside the sinai. we work closely with egyptians to get the information we need to to prevent these outrageous terrorist attacks from taking place. we also have close and open and candid conversations with egyptians and ther are areas in which we believe egyptians need to step up their game in terms of their capabilities but also in terms of how they deal with

some of these very challenging cross -- we do have an active engagement with egyptians. think we're out of time unless somebody has a very short question. that anybody volunteer? i knew that was going to happen. --when do you start reefing briefing donald trump and hillary clinton? [laughter] mr. brennan: on these things, we always go one question too long. [laughter] it is up to the president and the director of national intelligence to make that offer as they have done the of the those candidates two political parties after they are formally nominated. the director of national intelligence takes the lead on that.

the timing as well as the willingness and interest, something as a result of their respective staffs. will not do that briefing personally, will you? i will share my responsibility to the best of my needty and if there is a for me to be personally involved in this, i will try to carry out my response to these. [laughter] mr. brennan: if there is not a need, i will not. [laughter] please thank the director of the central intelligence agency. [applause] [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. visit ncicap.org] [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2016] [indiscernible]

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as a reminder, john brennan later in our program and scheduled online at c-span.org. .ext up, we will take you live president obama has been meeting

with the prime minister of canada, mexican president, and the three will hold a joint news conference that should get under way short -- shortly. this is the last north american leader summit of barack obama's's. gettings conference is together shortly. president obama will speak later have that- we will live for you as well. earlier today, the president announced a deal on clean energy. the washington examiner saying the white house is confident climate plants will make their way -- a clean energy go announced obama.y president the attack in turkey, the washington times reports the sounding frustrated by latest terrorist attack, president obama promised to break up the networks of hate.

he spoke to reporters earlier in the summit and john kerry, the washington times writes that mr. obama said the attack tuesday was an indication of how little these organizations have to offer beyond killing innocents. alive -- we are alive with president obama, the next -- the mexico president, and the canadian prime minister. [no audio]

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>> we are waiting for the start of the news conference with president obama, the mexican president and the prime minister of canada. it should be underway shortly. we will have a live when it does. until then, the time mr.'s questions from the british house of commons david cameron who announced his resignation following the exit phot to leave the european union followed by the labor union who step down as well following his no-confidence vote yesterday. we will show you what we can as we wait for the news conference to get started.

>> order. questions to the prime minister. yelling] >> thank you. >> thank you: mr. speaker. the whole housework and join in condemning the horrific terrorist attacks. thoughts and prayers that those killed, injured and their families. as yet there are no reports of u.k. casualties, but working urgently with authorities to establish. i spoke to president to express condolences and our persistence. details still emerging that we stand one entered the time against barbaric acts they had this week marks the battle of islam and there's a national two-minute silence on the morning. the tea party memorial near the battlefield and pause to remember the sacrifices of all

those who fought and lost their lives in the conflict. the speaker had meetings with colleagues another is in addition to make it a fetish for for their meeting later today. >> office in fact istanbul. can i also have my -- [inaudible] he is not done it alone and it's right we should technology from the famous and public services. before he goes, will he obtained to one matter when he was in a position he described as doing enormous model damage to the model authority of our country and that is the involvement of security services and renditions. now that the tps are not going to prosecute and so forth, will

he -- will he reinstitute, reconstitute to who we can know what was done in our name and authority. >> first of all, connecting the right honorable gentleman for his remarks. i'm proud to serve this country and the first prime minister to get to make sure i fully looked into his constituency. that would be a rendition issue. the police investigation into these cases the tps recently concluded insufficient to prosecute. i think there are very few countries in the world that would've had such an independent investigation into an issue like this. i think the right approach i finish in the report of what he was able to do if the ioc has agreed to look at these issues and they should continue to do

so. thank you, mr. speaker. at my right honorable friend has seven or has current event at 7:30 this friday, we will start the process of commemorating the anniversary. will my right honorable friend join me in thanking all those involved in organizing the forget never project who has done so much to ensure that young people learned the lesson and forgetting our challenges, will he join me in encouraging everyone to remember, salute and commemorate those who made the ultimate sacrifice? >> assert nature and the honorable friend in commending all those organizing these important events, particularly his constituency that event happened on the country. it's important not only because they are supporting slaughter of 57,000 people killed or wounded on the first day of this battle, but also so many people learned so much about their own family's involvement and in many ways

there is a link between the current events we discuss and what 100 years ago the same portion of peace and security and stability and it was actually last night the european union french president actually mentioned the commemoration and how proud he was to get together never sacrifices all those years ago. >> jeremy corbin. thank you, mr. speaker. i would like to echo the words of the prime minister concerning the 36 who died in the 100 injured in the file terrorist attack. i am sure that our services will be doing everything they can to assist those affected. i would also like to thank him for referring to the memorial on friday and i look forward to being with him there at the memorial service of those who died in that dreadful battle. i think, mr. speaker, it would be appropriate if we pay tribute to patrick mayfield who died last weekend. he was the driving force behind the town is a declaration in a

293 that deadly to the first cease-fire and i think the relative peace we have now in northern ireland is in part thanks to him and his successor for all achieved. >> mr. speaker, what people in the country are worried about is the extra insecurity to the new standards, jobs, wages, pensions following the e.u. referendum. we have heard uncertain words about the future of major companies in britain which has been here a very long time. what means has a chance i had with major companies to try to stabilize the situation? >> first of all, he is right to mention patrick grady did play a huge role in delivery of the peace process. he was also a brilliant attorney general and someone who viewed a belief in public service in the national interest than with a

kind and goodly man and i was very sad to hear of his passing. i did send a message to him by his wife shortly before he died and i know many people in this house want to send good wishes to his family. the leader of the opposition asked for conversation we have a business at what a business and what preparations were made to do with economic challenges we face. we are in a strong position to meet these challenges because we pay down so much deficit appears stronger strong growth and job creation that i don't belittle about the consequences will be difficult. there are going to be some choppy waters ahead. i don't resolve many warnings they made during the referendum's campaign would not offend a better way through this way through this. we messed up with his assistant reassure them about the ability there is today the strength of the british economy. the business secretary has met with a range of businesses already. tamara had the meeting amid business advisory group and i'm inviting other companies to data including seamens who played a huge role in the british

economy. what we need to talk about his reassurances about stability we can get now. the fact that our circumstances to change until whidbey the european union and i want to hear from them as they draw up the blueprints for britain's future position with europe about what they think would be the right answer. thank you, mr. speaker. the credit rating agencies have cut the u.k. credit rating back to aa from aa plus. the chancellor promised a aaa rating. what has been made to this downgrade in terms of firing cost and the risks to pension fund. >> the leader of the opposition is right that the credit ratings by one agency had been taken down by several points and another has put us on watch. the answer is the cost of the exchequer and the taxpayer will depend on what happened to the interest rates in the market at which the can borrow and is absolutely right to draw attention to that.

as i said, maria druggy come ahead of the ecb confirmed this last night. all of the warnings if we voted to leave the e.u. they would be difficulties in our own economy and growth rate and instability in markets. readers dean does things. we are well prepared in terms of the reaction of the bank of england and the treasury. there is no doubt in my mind is a difficult economic times. we can cope with them. >> jeremy corbin. >> ever run across this house should be concerned that the indications from investors are less good pregame current jobs at risk. what the prime minister consider suspending the chancellor's physical rule, which is in effect preventing investment in taking place?

>> i don't believe that would be the right approach. what business needs to hear, what consumers and investors and people concerned about our economy want to hear is we have taken huge steps over the last six years to get the budget deficit down, to make it a check to destination for investment. they want those things to continue. of course if we do see economic difficulties, one of the ways we have to react to that is make sure that our public finance is in our economy remains strong. we should have taken all the steps the last six years to get the deficit down to see us get onto a more difficult path. i don't think it would be right to suspend fiscal rules. there are three phases. the first of the volatility we see which the bank of england and treasury must cope with. the uncertainty about the future status was referring to an an end as fast as possible by examining the model semi-success

is choosing which one we should go for and then we need to bear in mind the long-term damage to the british economy that the european >> a very productive meeting. the tone of the meeting was friendly as you might expect among friends but also poignant. haveusly thrilled to here, yetpena nieto it is the same time it is a little sad that the three vessel be able to get together in this

capacity pending president obama's retirement. [laughter] prime minister trudeau: something he pointed out to us more than once usually with a little smile. i want to thank both leaders and delegations for coming and being open to the discussions taking place today to one of the first items we discussed was our common respect for diversity and firm support for lgbtq writes especially in the lake of the shooting earlier this month in orlando. >> the united states and mexico both lost citizens in orlando. that tragedy has strengthened our determination or to protect the rights of lgbtq people and we urge all leaders throughout the world to do the same. also talked about the need to ensure a clean and prosperous people andall of our

for all people in the world. prime minister trudeau: we are unanimous that on this issue, north korea can and must lead the way. we resolve to turn that resolved into action with the negotiation during clean energy and environment partnership. this partnership will see our country stand side-by-side as we work toward a common goal of north america that is competitive and encourages clean growth and protects our shared environment now and for generations to come. it is a partnership that lays out very clear deliverables. and identifies realistic tabs to achieving them. advance cleanll and secure energy with a goal of 50% clean power generation across the continent by 2025.

we will drive down short-lived luden's like methane, and hydrofluorocarbons carbon spared we will promote clean and efficient transportation creating clean jobs as we reduce energy consumption, air pollution, and greenhouse gases. we will work together to protect there and advance scientific understanding of the environmental challenges we share and finally, we will respond directly and decisively to the challenge of climate change, working to make our own countries more resilient as we encourage others to do the same. this is what can happen when countries come together in pursuit of a common goal. you have a big idea and the political will to make it happen. today's climate agreement stands as proof that cooperation pays

off and that working together always beats going it alone. were, of course, other issues on the agenda as well. we also haveto: the opportunity to talk about ways of advancing trade and competitiveness in north america. essential to each and vital for the creation of good jobs. furthermore, we re-asserted common commitment to human and we discussed the aspect on which we could be better partners to ensure the protection and defense of fundamental rights. discussed regional and worldwide issues. talked about the way we work together to meet these common challenges. it alsonister trudeau:

misfortune a closer working relationship in authorizing humanitarian assistance as well as finding ways to effectively combat public health challenges, the flow of droughts and human trafficking. the conversations were friendly and i amfrank reassured and encouraged by the progress we were able to make today. relationships between the citizens of our three nations have always been strong, even in the past when our governments have not always seen eye to eye. it is gratifying that once again we are he to come together as leaders three truly great nations to honor that enduring friendship and wants again deliver real results for the people of canada, mexico, the united states, and, indeed, the entire global community. thank you for all of your hard work today and every day.

i would like to introduce the president of mexico. thank you very: much, prime minister of canada. honorable barack obama. this press conference will come , and today at the north american summit. prime minister, allow me to say again how grateful i am for your hospitality, for the warmth with , myself were received and my delegations here we were warmly welcomed in the country and we are going back to mexico with memories of the warm the canadian people

showed in quebec, toronto, and ottawa. we are going back fully convinced that we have renewed our bilateral relationship with canada. backa has a leader going to universal values that makes canada stand out in the world. president barack obama, i would like to say that we acknowledge to have amination more united, integrated, and competitive north america. a more prosperous and inclusive north america. thisld like to highlight being the last north american leaders summit that you will attend to as resident of the united hates. thatld like to knowledge act that you have promoted --

strategic partnership and you workalways been willing to toward a bilateral agenda beyond , in the process of generating clean energy, you have favored those efforts and you have always favored a more expedited trade, safer borders, and more competitiveness in the trade and you have always been in favor of having cooperation and have always been willing to push technology and science award. but there is no doubt that your regionslso covers other . au have reestablished relationship with cuba, the development of central america, and in the summit of the americas as well, you have

contributed to it advancement. i would like to also it knowledge your tireless effort made toward the investment of the environment and of addressing the challenges of local warming. no doubt your presidents the has theed to build and reaffirm candid relationship that the united states and mexico has. during this summit, the governments of canada, the united days, and mexico, we have reaffirmed our determination to work together to advance economic integration in north america. in order to fulfill this goal, mexico, in the transpacific partnership, there is a great thistunity to reaffirm

level of integration between the three countries that are part of .afta besides that, we are taking this opportunity to other regions in the world,'s is a vaguely asia. believe the benefits and the that this integration will carry and has carried along with the benefit of our societies can be ended. when the partnership is approved , mexico supports the effort with enthusiasm. this partnership, this agreement, is in the process of being approved. we are fully convinced that by working together and taking be the mostcan competitive region in the world, as the prime minister has that .uring this summit

we have worked on addressing four priorities. climate change, clean energy, competitiveness at the borders, and trade security, and general specifically, mexico address the area of competitiveness in trade in our borders. i would like to highlight some of the most important agreements we will create single windows to enable our border changes. the goal is to have one single window for north america. secondly, we will map north american clusters. this will be a vital tool for and to bolster economic trade in the region. we have agreed to have a trilateral cluster map as tune as possible.

thirdly, we should mention the trilateral program or trusted travelers. mexico has proposed that this platformses the global that canada and the united states already has. here, we will implement the thatronic kiosk platform is already present in different airports in the united states and canada. this system will be used in north america as a whole. and this will be a system that the enable and expedite ofbal transit of it land -- individuals in north america. finally, i would like to use an example to describe our level of integration. the preservation of the monarch butterfly conservation. this is a species that, in its

pilgrimage, we can see how our countries are intertwined. and back at the last summit, we agreed that we would take care of this species and make sure that in its journey, the monarch butterfly from canada flying through the united states all the way down to mexico, it can speak for itself. in the year 2014, in our country, the area where paraguay reached only covered less than one hectare. due to the efforts made by our trans letter of task force created for that purpose last surface inyear, the my country now extends to 4.1 hectares. we are in route by 2018, this figure to grow to six sectors --

six hectares. it would be good for the monarch butterfly research. in we would be making sure that the migration of this species is the relationship the united states, canada, and a mexico has. the north american leaders summit bears witness that isolated national efforts are insufficient. result -- it is better to work together as a region. isolationism is not the solution. happens,st with what we have decided to be closer and work as a team and to complement each other. it to make progress together as

the most competitive region in the world. thank you very much. >> president obama. president obama: good afternoon. i want to thank my friends and partners. andhe people of ottawa canada, thank you for your wonderful hospitality. this is my first north american leaders summit and the first that canada has hosted in a decade. it reflects the efforts that has done.ster trudeau it so much, justin. -- thank you so much, justin. let me comment on the horrific terrorist attack in the istanbul airport, one of the busiest in the world.

the american people are with the people of turkey. and those of istanbul affected by this terrible crime, we have offered all assistance that we have available to our ally, turkey. we are still learning all the facts. but we know this is part of a broader, shared fight against terrorist networks. and we will continue to work closely with turkey to root them out. meanwhile, we will do what is necessary to protect our people. i am confident that we can and we will defeat those that often bring death and destruction. and remember that even though there are those trying to divide us, we are stronger when we come together and work toward a better world together. and this summit -- combined, our nations are home to 480 million people.

family,ound together by including billions of immigrants that trace their roots to each other's countries. only among the top trade partners but a global hub of innovation with integrated economies and supply chains with production that spans borders. on security and global challenges, we are partners. united by common values of democracy, pluralism, and a commitment to human dignity. over the past eight years, i have worked to strengthen our partners and it begins with strengthening relationships with canada and mexico. during my administration, we boosted exports to canada and mexico by 50%. it supports about 2.8 million american jobs. and today as justin described, we aim to build on that progress in several years.

first, we need to make it easier to do business together so the region is even more competitive. more advanced technologies and automations to the border costings -- crossings. make it more affordable to trade. by the end of this year, we will have a trusted traveler program for all three of our countries which will make it easier to travel and at the same time, improving security. we will have standards and regulations. together toore andote women entrepreneurs minority businesses to succeed as well. as has been mentioned, we discussed the partnership. trade are always difficult in every country. i don't know of any country where there will be some folks that argue against trade.

but we all believe that in an integrated and global economy, the goal is not for us to try to shut ourselves off from the world, but work together to raise standards around the world. does.s exactly what tpp it is the right thing to do and we will keep working for it. given the flood of stealing the lumen among global markets, it free-tradehe fact also has to be fair trade. we agreed it to arrange trade measures to enforce rights and protect workers. and ensure a level playing field for the steal and aluminum industries in north america. given the vote of the united kingdom to leave the european union, economic teams will work together so that we remain focused on keeping our economies growing and making sure the

global financial system is stable, something i'm confident that we can do. second, making sure north america is a leader in the fight against climate change. i couldn't be prouder in the work that they have done to help realize this important goal. our nations are not committed -- are committed to the paris agreement and we are announcing a new goal of 50% of our electricity wind backed. it is eminently achievable. the u.s. government is making a commitment to purchase more clean energy for federal governmentand vehicles. we are committed to reducing methane emissions from the oil and gas sector by 40% to 45% by 2025. we will do more to make sure that we are looking after the safety and health of our citizens from the danger of illicit drugs.

we are particularly focused on the epidemic of opioid abuse takening heroin that has so many lives in devastated so many families. including more access to treatment, and we will continue thee relentless against criminals and narcotraffickers that are inflicting so much violence on communities. we are deepening cooperation on regional and global challenge. joint efforts against viruses like the gut. helping central american partners address poverty and violence that have led to making extraordinarily dangerous trips to flee difficult circumstances. the leaders for their strong support to our new approach to cuba. i am glad that we have agreed to do more around the world to prevent a refugee crisis and expand peacekeeping efforts.

an extraordinary agreement in colombia, we will help them remove landmines as an example of efforts to fortify what has been a very difficult negotiation. given the plight of the venezuelan people, we call on the government and opposition to meaningful dialogue and the venezuelan government to respect the rule of law and the national assembly. should besoners released, the democratic process should be respected, and that includes efforts to have a recall referendum. in closing, we are determined to keep building on the progress we have made. enrique, i love the story about monarch butterflies. are not just any species,

they are spectacular. and we want to make sure our children and grandchildren can see them as well. doing what we call the north american caucus. we will meet on a more regular basis and will continue to deepen trilateral cooperation. we will do more to speak with one united north american voice on the world stage. we couldn't have better partners. that it will be good for the world as well. merci. muchas gracias. >> will start with the question period. our first question is from canadian journalist from ctv news. >> one of the candidates that

forced to replace president obama has said he wants to renegotiate nafta and walk away from the transpacific partnership, suggesting there is a growing disconnect between the pro-trade message you are selling here and the protectionist voices we are hearing in the u.s. and possibly the u.k.. my question as to all three of you. what is your strategy to reverse this growing sentiment? >> first of all, our strategy is andighlight how much trade positive agreements among our nations are good, not only for the economy of the world and the economy of our countries, but also good for our citizens. we know that industries that export more goods pay salaries that are 50% higher than sectors that do not export.

trade gives that rise to good jobs, innovation, and progress for individuals as well. in our conversations today and agreementswe find and held conversations that allowed us to remove the says -- mexican visitors to canada. it will have an effect on all canadians that welcome mexican tourists. it will also allow canadian agriculture to have access to the next -- mexican beef markets. these are examples of cooperation we say is good for our north american market and good for the entire world. that itth this in mind is important to come together,

to talk together about the future of this world. agree. to >> the kinds of protectionism are indeed to highlight that would we come together like this north american leaders summit, there is an opportunity to come together in ways that are beneficial for the global economy, beneficial for our country's economy, and beneficial for individual citizens. we know export intensive industry pay a 50% higher wages than non-exporting industries. trade leads to innovation and opportunities for communities, individuals, workers. we need to make sure that we are dealing with challenges and problems as they come up.

where constant engaged dialogue comes with positive outcomes. just yesterday, we were able to forward movement on to difficult issues between not just our countries, but our people. it will have a beneficial impact on both sides of the deal. sus -- be lifting the visas from canada to mexico which will have a positive impact across the country to welcome tourists. securewill be able to access for canadian farmers to sell beef in mexico. that are concrete things happen when we pull together and deal with important issues. always, there will be people trying to get us to turn inwards. our world is interconnected in , it is much better

that we engage in we work through our challenges together. really, that is how we end up with the kind of growth that benefits our countries and our citizens. >> i will be very brief. addressing this question -- that one sometimes half is not brilliant enough until you lose them. has is what integration managed to achieve in north america, to give our countries more opportunities and give our societies more opportunities by growing trade. by having more investment in our three countries. countries, we see opportunities growing and reaching out to more people.

on themake exchanges possibility of studying abroad in any of the three countries represented here by three heads of state. the outcomes of the trilateral , we believe that we are all aware of how the -- and what happened in the u.k.. there is still uncertainty. the outcome of the referendum is uncertain. values what you we see such reaction. we are here trying to innovate and be more competitive because we are competitive, yes. but we have complementary economies and that would give

more development to our societies. is the mainat this goal of our efforts. the agreements made here are not only agreements made by three heads of state. we are building roads. we are the foundation so that our society can have foundations and go further. contrast whenat countries choose isolationism. measuresse protective and are not letting their society project themselves to other kinds of scenarios. obama: let me make a couple of points. , the integration of

a globaleconomy is to economy. that's here. that's done. and so the question is not whether or not there is going to be an international global economy. there is one. , massivey, travel containers that can ship goods back and forth. the fact that a company can move capital around the world in the blink of an i. -- of an eye. the fact that an engineer consent plans to the other side of the world in an instant to a colleague. those are facts. we have an integrated economy

already. the question is, under what terms are we going to shape that economy? makingy firm belief that how we trade, how we -- it is my firm belief that shaping those in accordance with the values that all three countries care deeply about is going to be good for us. to -- those trying to abandon the field and pull up the drawbridge around us will be bad for us. i think it's important to point out that those who argued about leaving the european union are the same folks the next day are worry, we willt

have access to a single market. apparently, the argument was not against trade generally, they just did not want any obligations to go with the access to the free market. it is important for us not to draw easy analogies between what happened in the u.k. and the eu versus what is happening between our three countries in terms of in termswhat happening of us attempting to access asian markets through tpp. that is point number one. point number two. ordinary people that have concerns about trade have a legitimate gripe about mobilization. is, as the global economy has integrated, what we have seen our trendlines across the advanced economies of growing inequality.

stagnant wages. of overallhare productivity and growth going to workers. and that is a real problem. continues, the social cohesion and political consensus economies market starts breaking down. so they are right to be concerned about that. it, and wened about are concerned about it. the question is, what do you do about it? of withdrawingn from trade deals and focusing solely on your local market, that is the wrong medicine. not just because it's not

feasible, but our auto plants, havexample, if we do not access to some parts in other parts of the world -- we would lose jobs and the amount of disruption that would be involved would be enormous. secondly, we become less efficient. costs of immigrants would become much more expensive. this nostalgia about an area era where everyone was working in manufacturing jobs and you didn't need a college degree and as long as you worked , that has been undermined far more by automation then it has been by outsourcing or the shift of jobs to low-wage countries.

the steal industry is producing as much deal as it ever was. it just needs 1/10 of the workers it used to. and this is why my pushback on both the left and the right when it comes to protectionism or is, you'rearguments right to be concerned about the trends. but what you're prescribing will not work. and there is a better way of doing this. that havelike ours high labor standards and high environmental standards and strong protection of intellectual property and rule of law, you've got to get out there and help shape the rules for workers and businesses. if we don't, china will break the rules and they may not have

the same -- other countries will write the rules in ways that disadvantage our workers. in asia, there are a lot of tariffs that keep our countries out. in because we happen to be the most open nations in the world, they are sending stuff in. can't disengage. we have to engage more. if we combine that with investments in education and tax policies that are fair, making sure college is affordable and .trengthening the safety net rebuilding infrastructure for jobs that can't be exported. it making investments in research and development. society in inclusive which everybody's got a fair shot. that is how we will solve these problems.

there are too many folks that have been in charge around the world and have neglected that side of the equation. so we will keep on pushing hard orderpe an international that works for our people. i am not going to be able to do .hat by cutting off trade >> thank you. we will now take a second question. good afternoon. , withd like to ask you the election process going on, there is an anti-agreement and anti-mexican rhetoric by donald trump. to ask you if you have addressed this issue during

your meeting? and how can you describe -- [indiscernible] what would happen to someone who ,s not in agreement with nafta that they would step back from nafta? what did you address in your meetings? >> i would like to begin by we did address the issue and we have discussed it during this state visit. typically i would speak on behalf of mexico. my government will respect the election process, which is a domestic process for the united states. we are getting ready to work with whoever turns out to be president of the united states. way -- to explain

clearly and let the people feel the beauty and the benefit of all the work we do. it is not random. it is a gift from god. it is the work of our foundations and the work we have done. i believe that at the end of the day, what we managed to achieve is for the americans to what would be better guarantees. on top of what we have managed to build in the past. : i think enrique is right.

whoever becomes president of the united states is going to have a havingtrong interest in a relationship with mexico. it's our neighbor. our friend. and one of our biggest trading partners. cleark i have made myself , setting aside whatever the , thatates are saying america is a nation of immigrants. dax -- that is our strength. unless you are a native american , somebody, somewhere in your past showed up from someplace else. and it didn't always have papers. and the genius of america has been to define ourselves not by what we look like or what our last name is or what faith we

practice. but our at hearings to a common creed. a believe that all people are created equal. a belief in free speech and freedom of and, we have observed those imperfectly at times, but with each successive generation we got a little better at it. we have come closer to our ideals. and the notion that somehow we , on what has been attracting talent and strivers and dreamers from all around the world, that would rob