including canada, contributes its full share towards our common security. [applause] because the canadian armed forces are really good. if i can borrow a phrase, the world needs more canada. [applause] the world needs more canada! thank you. [applause] as we join together in our common defense, so must we work together diplomatically, diplomacy,y through results are really quick. it turns out even the most intractable consequence can be

resolved. hemisphere, just in the last few weeks, after half a century of four, columbia is poised to receive a historic peace. [applause] the nations of north america will be an important partner for columba going forward including working to remove landmines. around the world, canadian and american diplomats working together can make a difference. syria where the agony and the suffering of the syrian people tears at our hearts. our two nations continue to be leaders in jimenez hearing aid be although -- continuing to leaders in humanitarian aid and we know the only solution for the civil war is a political solution so that the syrian people can reclaim the country and live in peace and canadians

and americans are going to work as hard as we can to make that happen. [applause] i should add that here in this nation, we will reform our commitment to maintain the peacekeeping that saves lives around the world. there is one threat we can solve military, the threat of climate change. climate change is no longer in abstraction. it is not an issue we can put off to the future. it is happening now. it is happening here in our own countries. canadat the states and are both arctic nations and when i became the first u.s.

president to visit the arctic, i could see the effects myself. glaciers are melting at alarming rates. permafrost ising, falling. this is not a conspiracy. it's happening. a generation from arctic sea ice may all but disappeared during the summer. can insist onix the nine what is front of our eyes, but there are canadians i met whose villages are sliding into the sea. they don't have the luxury. they know climate change is real. the bangladesho to the specific islands, climate change is swallowing homes. around the world, more intense droughts will create humanitarian crises and risk more conflict.

this is not just a moral issue. not just an economic issue. it is also an urgent matter of our national security. and for too long we have heard that confronting climate change means destroyed our own economies. let me just say that carbon emissions in the united states are back to where they were two as we have even grown our economy. alberta, the whole country of canada is working hard to reduce emissions while promoting growth. it, the wholedo world can unleash economic growth and protect our chronic -- climate. we can do it. [applause] we can do this.

we can help lead the world to meet this threat. in paris we achieve the most ambitious agreement in history to fight climate change. let's reinforce this year. [applause] mexicor agreement with that we announced today, let's generate cap electricity on this content will -- continental with clean electricity. let's give people the opportunity they deserve for conserving deal with home-based know in the arctic. in montreal, this began three decades ago. only planet we got and this may be the last shot we have to save it. in america and canada going to lead the way. [applause] we will have to lead the way.

just as we are joining our commitment of protecting climate, we are joined in our commitment to the dignity of every human being. we believe in the right of all people to participate in society. we believe in the right of all people to be treated equally. to have an equal shot at success. that is in our dna. the basic premise of our democracy. thatnk we can all agree our democracy are far from perfect. they can be measured and swap. they can leave all sides of the debate unsatisfied. justin is just getting started.

[laughter] in case you have not figured that out, that is where the gray hair comes from. [laughter] more than any other system of government, democracy allows our most precious life to find expression. enabling us through the hard painstaking work of citizenship to continually make our countries better. to solve the challenges. to write past wrongs. mr., the powerful message of reconciliation when your government pledging a relationship with canada first nations. [applause]

the is not easy. it is hard. democracy is not easy. it is hard. living up to our ideals is difficult in the best of times and it can be harder when the future seems uncertain. or when in response to legitimate fears and frustrations, there are those who offer politics of us versus them. politics of scapegoats and others. the immigrant. the refugee. someone who seems different from us. we have to call this mentality what it is, a threat to the values that we profess, the values we seek to defend. it is because we respect all people that the world looks to us as an example. flagolors of the rainbow are flown on parliament hill,

they have without the white house. that is a testament to our progress, but also the work that remain to to ensure true equality for our fellow citizens were lesbians or transsexual organic. [applause] our muslim friends and neighbors who run businesses and serve in our government and in our armed forces, and our friends with our , wedren, our sports teams have to stand up against the slander and the hate. against those who look or worse -- worship differently. that is our obligation. that is who we are.

that is what makes america special. that is what makes canada special. [applause] here in canada, for the first time, in america for the first time a woman is in nominee for president and could win. [applause] i'm biased on these issues. will not be finished until all women are truly equal, paid equally, treated equally, given the same opportunities as men. [applause] that our girls have the same

opportunities as our boys. [applause] let me say this, because i don't feel particularly politically correct on this issue, i don't believe that these are american values or canadian values or believe inues, i justin believes the help all of you believe that these are universal values and we must and not strive away from speaking up from fear of terrorism or cowardice. [applause]

i fear that sometimes we are timid in defense of these values. that is why i will continue to stand up for those unalienable rights. here in our own hemisphere in places like cuba and venezuela, but also more distant lands. of citizens and civil society to speak their minds and work for change. the rights of journalists to report the truth. those things are hard, but they are right. they are not always convenient, but they are true. then it is this respect for the dignity of all people, especially the most vulnerable among us that perhaps more than anything else binds our two countries together.

being canadian, being american is not about what we look like or where our families came from, it's about our commitment to a common creed. that is why together for we must not waver in embracing our values, our best selves and that includes our history of the nation as immigrants and we must continue to welcome people from around the world. [applause] the vibrancy of our economy is enhanced. this is not just , refugeesf economics escape bombs and torture. migrants cross deserts and sees

seeking a better life. we cannot to be look the other way. label possible terrorists as people fleeing terrorists. [applause] we can insist that the process is orderly, we can insist that ,ur security is preserved borders mean something. but at moments like this, we are called upon to see ourselves and others because we were all once strangers. if you are not a stranger, your grandparents were strangers, their great grand parents were strangers. they do not all have their

papers ready. language,ed with faced determination -- discrimination. had cultural norms that did not fit. somewhere, your family was an outsider. childrenrs, fathers, we see today, they are us. we can't forsake them. canadians, wend will continue to welcome thatees and we can ensure we are doing so in a way that maintains our security. we can and we will do both. [applause] we are increasing our support to central americans where families

of children attempt to escape death. united nations will host a global summit on refugees. more nations need to step up and meet our basic obligations to our fellow human beings. it will be difficult and budgets are tight. issues andegitimate not everybody is going to be helped. but we can try. the people of goodwill and compassion show a way. greek islanders point family sister -- pulling families to shore. the synagogue in virginia inviting syrian refugees to dinner. here in canada, the world has been inspired as canadians across the country have opened up their hearts and homes. we have watched citizens knitting tuks to keep refugees

warm in the winter. we have seen the prime minister welcome the arrival and extend the hand of friendship and say you are safe at home now. feele the refugees who that they have a special duty to get back and see the opportunity of a new life. a girlfriend afghanistan by donkey and camel and who remember thing greeted in this country by helping hands and the robinof robin singing -- singing. and today she serves in the chamber and his cabinet. -- this cabinet. [applause]

a country is not something you billed as the pharaohs built the pyramid. a country is something that is built every day. out of certain basic share dollars. sharede that is -- values. how to that is. how blessed we are. blessed to have had people before us, day by day, brick by brick, build these externa countries of hours. how fortunate, how privileged we are to have this opportunity. new. this world a

the values that make us who we are. friends, now and forever. thank you very much. [applause] [applause] [applause]

[applause] >> mr. president, prime minister, speaker of the house of commons, excellencies, honorable senators, members of the house of commons, distinguished guests, ladies and gentlemen, it is a great honor to thank you, mr. president, for being here today and i would like to thank you for the best of luck.

this you for addressing joint session of our parliament. the obvious enthusiasm which you have been received has already spoken former eloquently than anything i might add by the admiration for which we have of you. [applause] as our two countries both seek the same principles as you have mentioned, we share the same hopes and dreams that only for ourselves, but for that of our brother nations as well. because of the shared principles, canadians from across this great country have followed your presidency closely and we have watched you face many challenges. through it all, you have persisted with calm and with an unwavering clarity of purpose.

been an externa legacy for the american people and for the whole international community. [applause] a great american philosopher, when writing about the turmoil of the world said that we are, each of us, living in the eye of a hurricane. destructive and cruel power of the world is always nearby swirling around us. but in the center, in the eye of the hurricane there can be peace and calm and our job is to do our best to push out the borders ofthe iron that storm -- eye

the storm to expand the calm and reasonable and good that can be in the world we live in. mr. president, and a world that has so often seem driven by anger and destruction, by the national acts of violence -- unimaginable acts of violence, you have stood tall for the power of reason over passion in principle over politics. in your own words, -- [applause] in your very own words you have found the audacity of hope, you have cautioned us that we need to remind ourselves, despite all of differences, just how much we share. and as, common dreams bond that will not be broken. [applause]

on behalf of all of my colleagues and on behalf of all canadians come i thank you for the very inspiring words you for yourth us today, years of leadership in the world and most especially, they are very strong and enduring friendship with our great country, canada. thank you. [applause] mr.'s be grown the headache, -- mr. speaker of

the senate, distinguished onsts, ladies and gentlemen, behalf of all of us in the chamber, i would like to thank you for having blessed us today. to be able to receive you. by, int time you drop february of 2009, the weather was decidedly cooler. we remember that you braved the by a nearby bakery to pick up some cookies for your daughter. and you mentioned a few specks of great had in the -- gray in your hair. you told him about the grain

effective leadership. if you try to keep your dark hair, you will have to dying it later early. [laughter] there is an inscription embedded on the international front of a marksthat murphy -- the opening of the st. lawrence monitor 1959. it reads as follows. the stone bears witness to the common purpose of two nations whose frontier are the frontiers of french appeared whose waves are the ways of freedom.

takes much too long to come to ways in which canada and united states have come together to create a better life for the on people, but also for humanity. years,, over the effective leaders have commented on the close friendship between our good countries. almost four years ago, the former prime minister remarked in a speech to congress that a friendship between our two countries is so big, so nonnegotiable that it is long since been regarded as the standard for enlightened international relations. [applause]

when you last visited us, you echo the sentiments saying that as neighbors we are so closely linked that sometimes we may have the tendency to take our relationship for granted, but the very success of our friendship, we renew and deepen cooperation here in the 21st century. as good neighbors, to you are -- here you are again doing just that. mr. president, thank you for your visit and your friendship and the enduring ties of friendship of our nations together. [applause]

>> c-span's washington journal live every day with news and policy issues that impact you. thursday morning, michelle egan for the wilson center, she will join us to discuss the ongoing economic fallout from britain's boat to leave the european union. forhe rachel rebind

national journal will be on. she will talk about legislation efforts to replace the portal care act in the house republican alternative they will outline this week. and the congressional reporter for politico is funded report issued on tuesday on the select committee on benghazi investigating the september 11 2012 attack. we will also talk about the committee democrat report and the response by the white house formerretary -- secretary who acquitted. be sure to watch washington .ournal climate 7:30 eastern this fourth of july weekend, but tv has chordates of nonfiction books and authors on c-span two. on friday, starting at 9:30 a.m., dd features an interview with barbara boxer discussing

her political career. former pro basketball player kareem abdul-jabbar weighs in on current clinical issues and senate majority leader, on his life and politics. grants writer discusses her book. women who propelled us from women who propelled us from missiles to the men's -- to the moons, and mars. rand.interviewed by lisa >> in the beginning they did a lot of trajectories. they calculated the potential different rocket propellant and they did trajectories for many of the early missiles. when thegs changed space race happened and when nasa was born. those days -- than the women roles changed and became the

first computer programmers and they had this incredibly long career at nasa. 40-50 years. one still works there. sunday, live with sebastian younger who will take your calls and text and e-mail questions discussing his latest book. fire,the author of war, and the perfect storm. at 9:00 p.m. eastern, part two of a special two-part q&a interview the public interest lawyer and politician mark green. author bright, infinite future. a on the progressive rise. monday at 2:30 p.m. eastern, tv , theds the collection largest african-american history collection in the midwest. house at the chicago public library.

for a complete schedule, go to but tv.org. booktv.org. he spoke about a range of issues including britain's decision to leave the eu. yesterday's terrorist attack at the turkish airport and the ongoing dangers of vices. an hour. -- dangers of vices. this is an hour -- dangers of isis. this is an hour. >> hello everybody. i'm judy woodruff of pbs news hour. i'm delighted to introduce our speaker this afternoon. i don't think there could be a better time or moment for us to hear from the director of the central intelligence agency. without further into, these welcome-- please

director john brennan. [applause] thank you very much. good afternoon everyone. it is indeed a pleasure to be back at the council to compare complex a remarkably and dynamic international scene. i very much look forward to talking with judy and council membership on the many topics at the headlines. i would first like to offer some brief opening remarks to kick off the conversation. whenever i administered the oath of office to the officers at our headquarters, i tell them that aboard at aing critical moment in our agency's history. the 36 years since i first entered government, i have never been at a critical moment in our agency's history. the 36 years since i first entered government, i have never been witnessing a time of such daunting arrays of challenges to our nation's security. notable, some of the institutions and relationships that have been pillars of the post-cold war international system are under serious stress.

as you all know, united kingdom voted last week to leave the european union. of all the crises the eu has leave the u.k. vote to they will be the greatest challenge. aexit is pushing the eu into period of intersection that will prevent everything they do in the coming weeks, months and years ahead. including denmark, france, and netherlands undemanding their own referendums on multiple eu issues. this will make decision-making much harder. no member state has ever left the union. ofope is entering a period uncertainty as the u.k. and you take stock of the situation. willssions about how to it work will dominate the eu agenda in the months ahead.

will not begin until the prime minister formally the device the eu. that sayscertificate it will occur under his successor. excluding the u.k., leaders will meet in the coming days to begin laying the groundwork for negotiations. regardless of what lies ahead, i would like to take this opportunity to say that the brexit but will not reversely -- adversely affect the partnership we have with united kingdom in the months and years ahead. indeed, i spoke to mike cap are part in london and we reaffirmed that the bonds of friendship and cooperation between our services are only destined to grow stronger in the years ahead. these ties are and will always be essential to our collective security. i presume a few of you have questions about terrorism and the so-called islamic state of evant.nd l

i know that our collective hearts go out to the latest victims of the terrorist attacks treated by isis. at the airport that killed dozens and injured many more bears the hallmarks of isil's depravity. let me take a few moments to say at theords is that we cia and our colleagues across the intelligence community are watching closely. i will start with the overarching challenge of instability which continues to grip large sections of the globe. global instability is one of the defining issues of our times. it's implications are hard to overstate. as instability spreads, extremists and terrorists are funny things were in ungoverned spaces. energy supplies are being disrupted. political reform is suffering as too many governments opt for

authoritarian measures at the expense of democratic controls. -- principles. most devastating of all is the of instability could last week the united nations reported the number of people displaced by global instability and conflict had reached 65 going. the highest figure ever recorded. -- 65 million. the highest figure ever recorded. governments are under stress from civic institutions and are struggling to provide basic services to maintain law and order. as governments in these regions received from the center of national life, more people are shifting their allegiances away from the nation state and towards subnational groups and identities. leading societies that once braced and national identity do fracture along ethnic and sectarian lines. nowhere is this more evident in the middle east. a region that i have that he closely for much my professional life.

ton i lived there, i like walk the neighborhoods and villages to observe the rhythms of daily life. people ofeeing different background and was living side-by-side. that relationships are too often marred by hostility and distrust. a stream of groups have played a key role in fueling these tensions. we were an impression of young men and women to join the cause and spreading false narratives meant to divide and inflame. some years nicole generation of growing up in an environment of militarism without a chance to grow up and engage in modern day society. the underlying causes of these trends are complex and difficult to address. a long-term consequence of these developers are troubling. global instability is an issue that affects our countries from russia to china to the added states. it must be met by strong collective response from the

international community. i'm certain that this issue will loom large on the agenda of the next administration. another strategic challenges to the term is power, potential, and opportunities and risks. geopoliticalw many crises you see in the headlines, the reliability, security, vulnerability and the range of human activity taking place within cyberspace are constantly on my mind. on the subsequent front, organizations of all kinds are under constant attack from a range of actors. they have shown they can penetrate a network and withdraw in short order. hundred systems without anyone knowing they were there until maybe after the damage is artie done. -- already done.

i served at the white house and ciber was part of my pork oil. it was always the subject that gave me the biggest headache. cyber attackers are determined and adaptive. they often collaborate and share expertise. and they come at you and somebody different ways with an ever-changing array of tools, tactics and techniques. moreover, our laws have not yet adequately adopted to the emergence of the digital frontier. worrisome, there is still no political or national consensus on the appropriate growth of the government, law-enforcement, for security and intelligence agencies in safeguarding the security, reliability, resiliency the prosperity of the digital domain. to group --y intelligence committee is making great strides. much work needs to be done. one thing we know is that private industry will have a huge role to play at the vast majority of the internet is in

private hands. protecting it is not something the government can do on its own. but up there with terrorism, global instability and subject to security -- cyber security is nuclear proliferation. make all too real the potential for a nuclear event. unsurprisingly, top of my list of countries of concern is north korea is authoritarian leader has pursued a nuclear weapons program to threaten regional states and the united states. theead of taking care of impoverished and politically repressed men, women and children of north korea. what else is there be glad -- besides terrorism, global nuclear?y and as liberal arts guy, the rapid pace of technological change to my lifetime has been simply dizzying.

we have seen with just about every scientific leap forward, new technologies often carries substantial risks to the same degree that they hold tremendous promise. tohere are the stakes higher a national security than the field of biotechnology. recent advances in genome editing that offer great potential for breakthroughs in public health are also cause for concern. the same methods could be used to create genetically engineered biological or for agents. though the overwhelming majority of nationstates have -- are rational enough from releasing this, as a national terrorist entities such as isis would have few compunctions in living such a weapon. the scope of the bio threat as well as measures to mitigate it later clearly last october in the bipartisan report chaired by former senator joe lieberman and tom ridge.

as with the cyber threat, the international community's response to this issue lagged behind it technology governanc -- driving it. as cia officers in the intelligence community collies worked hard to protect the country, we are mindful of how even beneficial advances can have a destabilizing effects in the long run. agencies drive from academic studies and other elements from the other -- ever spinning pool seek to offer our national leaders early warning of the potential challenges that could arise in advances we are seeing today across the spectrum of technological endeavors. bobormer defense secretary gibbs is fond of saying, when intelligence officers snow flowers, they look around for a coffin.

the remains a -- [laughter] image of oura mindset. a wide range of rates through his -- breakthrough that could extend life expectancy could reinforce the trend towards older populations and advanced nations. some of the world's leading economies and even the lesser comes could face even strong headwinds from having significantly larger portions of retired people in older people relative to working age citizens. another example is the array of technologies often referred to as geo-engineering. they could potentially reverse the warming effects of global climate change. one that has gained my personal attention and stratospheric aerosol infection. a method of feeding the stratosphere with particles that can help reflect the sun's heat. what's the same way that volcanic corruptions do.

a program could limit global temperature increases, reducing some risk associated with high temperatures and providing the world economy additional time to transition to fossil fuels. -- from false appeals. in this process is relatively expensive. they estimate a fully point program would cost about $10 billion yearly. as promising as it may be, moving toward this would raise a number of challenges for our government for the international community be that technical side, greenhouse gas emission reductions was still have to accompany the to address other climate change affects such as ocean acidification because it going to remove greenhouse gases from the atmosphere. the two political psycho the technology potential to alter weather patterns and benefit certain regions of the world they spent of others to trigger sharp opposition estimations. others might seize on the

benefits and back away from the commitment to carbon dioxide reductions and as with other breakthrough technologies, global norms and standards are lacking to guide the department and implementation of this and other queue engineering initiatives. i could go on and on and on about the things that fascinate me, the resident talk about them, i thought i would stop here and start the conversation with judy and then i can take some of your questions. i very much appreciate the invitation to come back here on the council of war and relations and it is a -- foreign relations and it is a pleasure. i lead an organization full of patriotic men and women who take to put themselves on the line to give their fellow americans safe and secure. thank you so much. [applause]

>> i think we are all impressed with the array of challenges and issues that you deal with on a regular basis. , i would to come back to what is in the news and this latest attack in istanbul. what the administration has been saying and i think you referenced it does now, it has the earmarks of isis. how much is known about who is behind us and why disappoint their direction? >> to my balls, there's no claim of responsibility. that is not surprising because, at least in most instances, isis has not claimed credit our response will he for attacks perpetrated inside of turkey. what they do is carry out these attacks to gain the benefits from it in terms of sending a

signal to our turkish partners but at the same time not want to do potentially alienate some of those individuals inside of turkey that they may still be trying to gain the support of. >> why are they able to pull off these attacks with what seems to be great regularity without the ability to prevent them? >> a variety of reasons. first, when individuals are committed to carry out these attacks, suicide they don't have to worry about an escape route. it makes cannot be a tech easier. they just want to make a variable to penetrate whatever sort of perimeter defense there might be in a lot of these civilian areas there is no perimeter defense. that is part of what an open society is. they're able to get their hands on weapons, automatic weapons weatherby illegally procured or through the black market.

and they're able to take it vantage of technology that allows them to communicate securely without having intelligence agencies able to understand what it is they are plotting. being able to fabricate a plot and carried out was a small is a of individuals, it feature of our times that they have been determined to carry out. >> it is something that the rest of the world has to get used to? >> i don't think we should ever get used to it. what we should do is double our efforts to uncover what they're and go to theem source which is those who are directing in orchestrating the attacks. eitherattacks are directed or infected by the external operations groups.

>> you have made a point of saying that our efforts have not reduced isis is the ability. there is a frustration that what to come to their, does this mean to you as somebody who has been working in this area for so long? has responsibility to prevent these attacks from occurring, and those who have interested in are the term to do what they can to destroy these organizations that give birth to these horrific attacks. as i have said recently, we have made some significant progress along with our coalition wherers in syria and iraq most of the isis members are

resident right now. with their ability to continue narrative asits was to incite and carry out attacks, we still have a ways to go before we are ill to say that we have made significant progress. >> is there a need for better intelligence? do need more resources, money? what is it? isis fromllenge with al qaeda had maybe a couple thousand individuals. isis has tens of thousands of individuals that are scattered not just in the middle east, but also for west africa, southeast asia. there is the scope of the problem. they have a sophisticated use of communications systems. prevent,to protect and protect the permutations --

vacations. -- communications. they have been upon the instability that has wracked middle east. they are taking full advantage of the class -- collapse of some governments. the movement of people and goods to the 21st after world, i think it can facilitate what it is that isis is try to do. they don't even have to reach out and touch somebody. the horrific attacks in orlando, an individual who is able to access the material, but also you have individuals who are able to guide and direct and deploy. there is a range of challenges that intelligence security agencies have. is also sharing information among nations around the world and we saw in the aftermath of brussels, return to work with our partners. members and have

different legal systems, different structures and how they share information in a rapid and friendly fashion to stop individuals we may have data on. >> begin of that, with the brexit boy, you said it will not said he would not affect our relationship, but what about the other 27, 28 members? how can it not affect your ability, the billy of the cia and other members of the intelligence community to deal with every one of these different entities? >> that is what we do right now. what's your interaction is with the intelligence security services. return to have multilateral sharing agreements where we can all collectively use the information we individually collect. the eu has not been an operational element of counterterrorism. it is more of a policy and government structure. i do not see it affecting our

ability to work with the british as was the remainder of the eu. >> you see seamless cooperation? progress at seamless. -- i don't think i said seamless. i don't think the brexit will affect how you with frigid. i think a lot of work is be done to put together a mission architecture that will allow europe as a whole share information a timely fashion. we are working with the brits about the rest of the europeans. it is not just a european issue. middle eastern countries as well. this will be a journey that we are going to be on for quite some time. >> care the united states come up the orlando attack, with what happened in san bernardino, do you feel you have learned something from those two incidents that put you in a better position to better understand what to do to prevent or get in the minds of these young people carry out these

?ttacks inspired by isis >> this country has done a great makingce 9/11 taking -- the american homeland much more difficult for terrorists organizations abroad to penetrate to the great and some people over. closetchlist and cooperation between law enforcement and intelligence, we see the most recent examples of those who are here who were infected, i have tremendous respect for the fbi their ability to. i tracked with jim coming on a regular basis. ? has a real challenge because there could be individuals in their home who have no interactions with people that will be on the internet and will be shaped by what they are seeing and will decide on their own, and be with others, or maybe alone to carry out an

attack and if they get their hands on a weapon or explosive material, they can do great damage before the signatures associated with terrorist groups n.e see cia's role in working with the fbi on that. it domestic challenge. >> working with our other partners i think we do a very , good job of sharing as much data as possible. any legally have overseas, we make sure it is shared with our partners. any of the trends and elements we see the we show that immediately. it is a constant interaction between all the different elements of the u.s. counterterrorism communicate. i think it has helped protect this country. the border believe that existed her abilities that existed

in 9/11, they no longer exist. ways thatare other isis can adapt to the reality to carry out these attacks. >> i want to come back to isis in syria and iraq. there has been some progress as you said, but it is frustratingly slow. you are dealing with the iranians playing a role and to a lesser extent syria. but certainly, in iraq. do you see the iranians being supportive? being in a supportive role or you see them as being opposite? >> yes. [laughter] there are things they can do and have done in order to address the terrorist threats they face which are similar to the ones we has been one of the things that distances isis is the strong shiite element.

that is how it rolled over many parts of iraq. because of the years with the same committee felt as though shia dominated. baghdad was not addressing the needs. they are very concerned. is stillme time, iran identified as the u.s. government as the leading state sponsor of terrorism because of what they have done. they are both a part of the problem but they also, hopeful , with the growing influence of some of the more moderate elements within the iranian government that we may see you iran move towards joining the community of nations. while continue to provide support to terrorist organizations like hezbollah and in lebanon there is there a , problem with iran. >> what is the level of

communication? >> i do not communicate with iran. >> zero. >> i do not have any interaction with iran. [laughter] >> does the agency? >> the agency does not. no formal intelligence. >> but we know them very well. just saying. [laughter] >> president assad does not seem to be, there's not much evidence that he is budging from his position. how do you way where the --

weigh where the conflict stands now? >> lester at the time, he was on -- last year, at the time, he was on the ropes. that was what prompted moscow to try and send several thousand russian military personnel, aircraft, weaponry, tanks name it, in order to prop up the regime. the downward trajectory was reversed as a result of the engagement of moscow. we believe that a solid as part -- assad is part of the problem, not the solution. he is the reason the atrocities he perpetrated on the people that he has lost all legitimacy in terms of ruling the country. that is also one of the reasons why we have so many syrian people up in arms against assad in the government of damascus. as well as the foreign fighters.

we believe, although we, we are content to push the russians because they play critical role in this. there's going to be no way forward on the political front without active russian cooperation as well as true and genuine russian interest in trying to find a political path because this is not good to be resolved on the battlefield. >> d.c. any progress on the front? >> i have had numerous interactions with my russian counterparts. i don't believe they have lived up to the commitments as far as honoring the cessation of hostilities and getting the trajectory of the syrian conflict on a better course. particularly on the political transition front. >> so how do you turn that around? >> the dogged determination of

john kerryts led by who continues to work with others, we have interaction with our counterparts on the russian intelligence side to try to have a common appreciation of what the situation is inside of syria. i have no doubt that the russians are motivated in part by their investment of syria out of the concern of the growth of isis and terrorist forces there. whether it is isis or al qaeda in syria, they are determined to crush those forces and at the same time, we have to recognize that these forces have grown because of the problems that have existed in syria. and in the syrian government. >> the last question then we will open it up to the audience, i was struck that you said the greatest nuclear proliferation threat still comes from north

korea. is there any progress in terms of intelligence, information, communication with the north? is it still chiefly through china? help us understand. >> that is another one of the more frustrating aspects of our international agenda. you have someone like kim jong-un it is pursue nuclear capabilities and with respect to what people need. i do not believe he has yet to come to realize that the international community is going to remain united against the nuclearization of the korean peninsula. we will not accept north korea as a nuclear state which is what he is demanding and i think the international community wants to be able to bring korea out of

isolation and help the people, but there needs to be a better appreciation of kim jong-un that his continued pursuit is only going to undermine his long-term prospects. >> you don't think the message is getting through? >> he seems to be exceptionally stubborn and not a very good listener. [laughter] >> with that, i want to invite all of you to ask questions. i'm told that this meeting is on the record. i think we are to knew that. we have microphones and we will bring them to you. raise your hand and stand up. tell us who you are, give us your affiliation and we ask you to keep it to one question. who has the first question? third row. gentleman in the middle.

>> atlantic council, i want you to comment on the iranian and saudi rivalry. how his plans might help or hurt? >> the long-standing rivalry that predates mohammed samand, the current leadership in the current government. this rivalry between persian and arabs, sunni, it has undermined the efforts of the past to bridge that gap. unfortunately, the continued problems existing inside of iraq and syria do not help to facilitate a productive dialogue between toronto and riyadh. riyadh. and it is important for two very large and influential countries.

to be able to find some motive and i think we are hoping that some of the more rational actors inside of iran will recognize that there needs to be some type of accommodation with the saudi leadership and saudi governments and my engagements with the saudis, they are interested in pursuing that if they feel as though the iranian leadership is genuinely interested in pursuing something other than antagonistic relations. >> is that something the u.s. is trying to persuade them of? >> i think one of the real motivating factors behind the jcpoa. stoppingaddition to iran's pursuit of a nuclear weapon program was to clampdown tensions that were rising as a result of the program with the

open aim of having the gulf states, the ones in the region, find a better way to communicate with one another first of all and secondly, to see whether or not there could be some repairing of the relations. in the past, there have been times where different leaders were able to work together. there are areas where i think there is quite a bit of interaction. the iranians have decided not to send pilgrims to mecca this year because of security concerns and because of this antagonism that continues to exist. we are encouraging this type of clamping down of tensions. you only improve relations with dialogue. >> against the wall. over here. >> john sullivan, george mason university. there has been a number of excellent articles recently talking about the erosion of the

democratic trend around the world and the revival of the authoritarian or autocratic tendencies. that was not one of the factors listed, but i wonder in your major overarching concerns, to what degree do you worry about this fracturing of democracy and increase of authoritarian revival? >> we will make my remarks available on the cia website and i do say in their that a lot of these governments and regimes have opted for authoritarian measures at the expense of democratic principles and human rights. i do think, unfortunately, some of these governments feel as though they are being overwhelmed by the security challenges they face and they will resort to some of the traditional measures of suppressing these challenges. we also have to recognize that

western-style democracy which has taken several hundred years to take root and is continuing to be a journey for us that it is not a light switch that can be flipped in these middle eastern countries. going from very traditional societies, they are still socially and culturally a politically very unfamiliar with the practices and democratic principles that we hold so dear. i think we have to be understanding that this is going to take some time. at the same time, we are very clear in terms of the types of behaviors and actions that we will not tolerate. it is that type of suppression abuse of human rights, we have

threatened to cut off that, we have information that they practice, we have cut off relations. think we need to keep the pressure on them but we also have to make sure the navigation of the shoals between them and a thriving democracy are significant and i think we have to help them navigate that. one of the real concerns i have is that the economic challenges that these countries face are overwhelming. when i think about the suffering taking place in yemen, still in the midst of active fighting, the reconstruction that will be required to but the country by together and syria and iraq and libya and the economic reform that will have to take place are also significant. how do you make these structural

changes both on the economic front and political front while you are dealing with some of these insidious threats that some individuals who purport to want or demonstrate democracy are not really interested in a flourishing democracy, they are interested in bringing down one authoritarian regime to put up another one? the middle east is wracked by number of problems that will be front and center for this government for many years to come. >> in the back. >> with the council, you mentioned in recent testimony that isis would have to lose a lot more money, material, and manpower before we would really see them on the back foot.

is it possibly time to retire phrases like on the back foot or in retreat because all these different groups over the past 15 years have seemed to just change names but the ideology switches to a new group. >> terrorism has been with us for millennia. it has been used by groups over the years for all sorts of political and ideological purposes. the sad fact is that carrying out these acts of terrorism can be relatively inexpensive. it can be easy to fabricate and put together and carry out and when you have a motivational engine like isis that is able to encourage as well as participate in this makes the potential greater and serious. when i commented in recent

testimony that we have made progress on the battlefield and still a ways from saying that we are able to thwart their growth. what i'm saying is it really has been generated by what has happened, the phenomenon within the syria-iraq theater. it has a trajectory, momentum carrying it forward. we need to have efforts designed to go up stream where the external plotters are. we need to be attacking the networks in terms of the flow of individuals and the flow of the narrative and the poison that goes out as well as working down stream to stop the attacks. whether istanbul, paris, belgium, or whatever. it needs to be a collective effort, combined effort to tackle all these different areas. right now, i'm concerned that the isis generated engine of foreign terrorism outside of

syria and iraq still has a lot restmentum that we cannot at all. i was struck after giving the testimony that a lot of members of the media were trying to highlight how my comments differed from the white house comments. i'm hard-pressed to think about where president obama and i differ on this issue in terms of what we have been able to accomplish inside of syria and iraq. at the same time the concern about the lethality that isis can bring to our communities. they taken advantage of the openness of our societies were doing it by the internet. we share a similar view on the status of isis's fortunes. both inside the theater as well as what they can do in terms of external operations. >> the very back. hand up. thank you.

>> thank you. nbc news. in an interview you said you would be surprised if isis was not plotting and a stable tile attack -- and sandal -- a stable -- istanbul style attack in the united states. >> what i was saying is that we have seen isis carry out and insight an array of terrorist attacks in the region, beyond the region, directly, indirectly. i would be surprised if they are not considering carrying out these attacks in the near abroad or the far abroad. in the united states, we are leading the coalition to try to destroy as much of this poison inside of syria and iraq as possible. it would be surprising for me if

isil is not trying to hit us both in the region as well as in the homeland. i think you see in the propagation of their material, they have a magazine, that says exactly that. if anybody here believes that the u.s. homeland is sealed and that isis would not consider that, i think i would guard against that. >> do you think we are more sealed then we were after 9/11? >> absolutely. we have gone to great lengths and we have reached our foreign partners about how we have learned from painful lessons as a result of 9/11. the intelligence and law enforcement and homeland security working together better today than ever before. there is a tremendous volume of information and data out there.

some of it accurate, some of it bogus. trying to make sense of it all and put the different puzzle pieces together is challenging. i think we're less vulnerable to the penetration. as we have seen from the internet as well as ice is taking advantage of technologies that allows them to communicate in a very secure passion is fashion is -- certainly worrisome. >> second row. >> in your list of challenges you did not mention china although there are several areas like cyber for example where it might seem to fit in one way or another. where does it fit in your list of challenges? >> i could have gone on and on and on about all the challenges

out there. i did not mention ukraine, a lot of issues related to russia, china is a growing power of great economic, political, and increasingly military influence. clearly as a look at what is -- as we look at what is happening in the south china sea there is a reason for the united states to pay attention to what china is doing on a number of fronts, which we are. pivot to asia or making sure our allies feel that we are not neglecting the area. i was out in singapore a few weeks ago i was out there and i met with the heads of the services from those countries as well as with my chinese counterpart as a way to maintain the dialogue that the united states treats this region of the world very seriously and we have

very important national security interests that we will not step away from. if anyone things we are, they are sadly mistaken. what we need to do is to keep our eye on all the balls. this is not an effort that try to contain china. it is an effort to try to insert -- make sure u.s. national interests are protected and advance and the interests of our allies and partners in the region. and we fulfill obligations particularly in the area of freedom of navigation. >> second row over here. >> thank you for being here today. another one on iran. given the blessing of the listening -- lessening of dynamic,, given that are you saying the moderates and politics surviving until such

time as those financial benefits come through and what event could tip the scales in one way or another? >> we are going through a transition period from the time when iran was sanctioned across the board on so many fronts and that financial institutions and companies adapted to the framework that they were prevented from engaging with iran. now we're transitioning to a new environment of what is allowed and it is an adjustment that is to be made. i know that u.s. officials and others are working with the iranians as well as third parties to make sure it is understood what is permissible and how these things can be done. anytime you will make a major adjustment like that, do i think the moderates will survive? absolutely. the expectations among some and iran, when the deal

was signed, they were quite high. there would be immediate relief as well as immediate dividends as a result of this. there were some. there was a lot that the iranian central government had to do in terms of taking care of those structural, strategic, macroeconomic issues that they need to do. the effect and impact on individual iranians to take place over time and we are hoping that that impact is going to be felt fairly soon as a way to validate the course that the iranian president is on and this ago to take a bit of time. i'm sure some people maybe frustrated at this. i know our government is working to fulfill the obligations that are attended to the agreement. this is taking a bit of time.

>> third row. caller: >> an administrative question >> -- >> administrative issue, forgive me, years ago i heard you say that there was a need for more language training in the agency. have you advanced in that direction? as i go around the world i , encounter your people and they don't seem to speak the local language. you did say you wanted to do it , i'm curious to know what has been done. >> we only let you encounter the people we want you to encounter. [laughter] i go to many stations to our

folks overseas and they are proficient in a variety of languages. we have a language initiative where we provide incentives and rewards and recognition for individuals who are able to enhance their language and expand the repertoire of languages. chalabi said that it is critically important. i take your point and i have made the point that we need to have a global coverage we need to fulfill. the list of issues continues to grow and resources are finite. we need to spread them around. capability isage going to give us the need particularly on the front to

have the ability to interact with individuals that you want to be able to. >> this gentleman in the fourth row. >> scott herold from the rand corporation. i wonder if you could come back to china, we have had a new election in taiwan that brought to power the dpp in taipei. there are signs that china is looking to make that relationship more difficult. i was wondering if you could describe your sense of the growing threat if you perceive one between china and taiwan? >> i think the president has a strategic vision of what he was wants to be able to accomplish. this was the relationship he wants with their countries and others in the region.

i think the relationship with taiwan is a very big one and important one and whether or not there is going to be an adjustment, i that is going to be dependent on how beijing uses taiwan and vice versa. given that there is a rather important dynamic going on in the region with how china is flexing some of its muscles i , think this is also a time of transition. i think there is the diamond is -- dynamism. an antenna uses taiwan in a special way and i think it has aspirations to further solidify the relationship between mainland china and taiwan. i think this is part of the adjustment with new leadership and i think there is sometimes campaign rhetoric that take place here and in the states

-- took place overseas that once the reality to come in and sometimes those views are tempted as far as the nature of interstate relationships. >> how about in the middle back there. >> george salem. my question concerns the 28 pages that you have been on record about about your view of their relative lack of value. releaseion is timing of and the level of the classification and whether they will be released with the investigative report to put it in context? >> i'm only the director of cia, i don't make the decisions about the release of a congressional document which was produced in december of 2002. subsequently that was followed thatth the 9/11 commission

was in the information in the 28-29 pages. there's an executive branch responsibility because that document cited executive branch information. there has been said publicly there has been a review underway so there is going to be appropriate and then take place between executive and legislative branches to finalize. i believe it is important that that document get out because there is somewhat speculation and conjecture about it, i have said that there are a lot of things and their use by some to misrepresent the facts or history, but that's what the 9/11 commission did a thorough research investigation should be seen by folks as a much more --positive of it there there

there are some of the documents from it, other for the time. nextp to get to somebody -- trying to get to somebody, yes you. washington institute, there is an op-ed in the washington post in which you get a passing reference. >> i did talk to david ignatius pegida article. >> prior to the article. the headline is the 30-year-old saudi prince would jump start the kingdom or drive it off the cliff. what can the u.s. do, what should it do to get a good outcome for the saudi arabia? >> continue to work closely with the saudi leadership and government.

president obama has been out there many times during his administration. interactiontant with the saudi government and the political, economic, military realms. we have a close alignment of objectives and snares. we need to continue -- scenarios. when you to continue to work with them. the saudi 2030 project spearheaded by the prince is an ambitious view of the future that i think the saudi leadership as a whole deserves credit for thinking about how saudi arabia is going to prosper in the future across a number of different areas in terms of development and investment, employment, diversification of its economy. it is a very important country to the region's stability and

u.s. national security interests. will we are do is to make sure there is this active dialogue and open and candid discussion between ourselves and saudi arabia. the president has engaged extensively and has been very open and candid with the areas where we want to be able to work with saudi arabia and there are there aree where -- disagreements could i have been impressed by the dialogue has been so candid and it is important now because you have a new leadership. they need to be working together as a team. they have a number of challenges given what is going on. what is happening along the border and it's at other countries. it is a critically important relationship that we are going to continue to nurture and develop. >> this gentleman here.

would you please give us your assessment terracing and whether your agency cooperates with the egyptian government? >> we do. i spoke with my counterpart from egypt earlier this week. we do what we can to help protect individuals inside of egypt. the challenge inside of sinai, there is a isis group and it used to be a local group that basically pledge allegiance to isis and then decided, this was a group that was active for a number of years but is now part of the isis global architecture. they're responsible for current out attacks against egyptian security, military. they pose a threat to multinational observers.

we work closely with the egyptians, we try to give them the information they need to prevent these outrageous terrorist attacks from taking place but it be there or other areas. and open very close and candid conversation with a gypsy. there are areas where we believe the egyptians need to step up their game in terms of their capabilities, but also how they deal with these challenging issues that across both security and political realms. we do have a very active engagement with egypt. >> i think we're out of time in the sum has a very short question. anybody volunteer? when you start briefing donald trump and hillary clinton? we always go one question too long of these things.

-- on these things. [applause] [laughter] it is up to the president and the director of intelligence to make that decision. after the convention, when they are formally nominated. then national tone intelligence takes the lead. the timing as well as the windows and interest of the candidate is something that will be determined as a result of engagement with their respective staff. >> you will not to personally? -- do it personally? there is a need for me to personally involved, i will try to carry out my response was. if there is not a need, i will not. [laughter] brennan. thank john [applause]

[captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. visit ncicap.org] >> tonight, vice president joe

biden has a summit on cancer research. then we will show you the president's address to the canadian parliament. >> i never felt the urge to make money. what turned me on in the 60's, was to make policy. that is always what drove me. >> sunday night on q&a, a two-part interview with former public interest lawyer mark green. author of bright, infinite future. a generational and more on the progressive rise in which he talks about his life and career in public office. drive, ave to have a friend or spouse where you have to wake up and go to sleep where you want it so much, if you do everything you win. nightt one errors sunday

andirs sunday night at 8:00 at 9:00 errors -- airs on c-span two. >> vice president to abundant host the summit. his son died of brain cancer lester. this is 40 minutes.

>> i lost my daughter to cancer 14 years ago. she was 38 years old. life and aassion for great sense of humor. there is a time when she was in and out of the hospital quite often and this one night i got the call that she had been

readmitted so i drove to the hospital and i walked in the room at about 3:00 in the morning and i just sat by her bed and she opened her eyes and i made this stupid joke that i said, soas funny and i you had to come back and be in said,spital again and she well i miss the food. [laughter] leaving and a nurse came up to me and said, i have to talk to you. tell you something about your daughter. i said, what? she said, when we come into the room in the morning and that she ,s, bold from the chemo -- bald sutures us up. i asked her, how can you always

be so cheerful? and she said, every day i wake up and decide, and this is the key word, i wake up and decide today i'm going to love my life. she loved her life right to the end. i have to say that today is remarkable for many reasons. this cancer moonshot summit is the first of its kind. it has been across the country in all 50 states. summits like this one are taking summitsd 270 regional in all 50 states including d.c., puerto rico and guam, over 6000 people researchers, hospitals, foundations have come together to share any and all information about cancer. today is remarkable for many reasons. hope.he least of which is

hope means many different things to different people. patient, and a family affected by it, hope means everything. today we will see in this room and summits all over the country that we have every reason to hope. carrierent who lost my to cancer, i've always felt that joe biden was in my corner. like so many of you, i'm inspired by his vision and determination. moonshott they cancer effort is all about. he knows cancer. he lived to cancer. through cancer and he knows if we fight together we

can have a world without cancer. i am with you vice president cancer. biden. we all are. without further do, the vice president of the united states. [applause] >> thank you very much, carol. please. thank you so much. [applause] let me thank you by offering howard as a venue. meeting andmportant before i got to the introductions and recognitions of people, calculate my office like we hadd it was known each other forever.

i watched her and i felt like i knew her. like many of the survivors in this room, or patient advocates, the stories of our children and our spouses and our brothers and fought them have good fight and ultimately succumbed, it is amazing this. she would telling me about kerry and i wasbout it thinking when she was speaking that there are three different hospitals, if there any angels and heaven, they are all nurses. doctors are ok, but they are all nurses. male and female. [applause]

you're looking at a died two months in the icu, i still love it when i was in icu and looking engineerose machines benefit flatline, you had a problem. you just get tired. know, the nurse would come in, it resulted have to do for the patient. listed and that they didn't but that thought was right. any rate, what i was thinking is that i believe almost every nurse continues showed up and waited as long as five hours to be at his viewing and general theh is a hell of a test of to the nurses and our children.

celebritytaken her and focused it on this fight for a long time. i don't think any of us can thank her enough. giving time and passion and money to deal with this god awful problem. thank you for hosting this summit dr. frederick. but only is this a great university, but in the medical field, it is in the fight against cancer. you are part of this whole gigantic effort. when the executive vice president, the guy came out when i was a kid, he did much better than i, now i think is the chairman of the board here, it is good to see that i have not seen you in a long time. is everng that important or good at home, you

were always there and that obviously never changed, you have not changed in retirement. i want to thank everyone for being here. site and 260 summit all 50 states, puerto rico, long, here in d.c.. alaska torage lexington, kentucky, hastings, nebraska, to my hometown of only two, delaware. summits are being hosted. association,lung phoenix children's hospital, so many others. posting summits all across the nation. , thats the first time , have allscientists come together at one time in such extremely large numbers

throughout the country to simultaneously begin what we need to make in the fight. all across the country, all under a national charge to do something big. make a decades worth of progress in the next five years. i know when i first, when this was first announced, joe biden is being naive, that is not what i said. i believe we can make exponential progress. xmas of progress. i firmly believe we can do in the next five years what would ordinarily take 10 and think of what that will mean. think of how many people you doctor, ire saying just want to make it one more month to see my daughter get married. just make it,d

make it another or months, i will be able to pay off the house and my wife will be ok. dr., all i wanted you to see my daughter graduate. real life things. time matters. dates matter. minutes matter. you all know that. you know the problem. right now, there are 14 million new cases in the world. a .2 million cancer related deaths worldwide per year. the projections are at 2025, if we stay the exact course, there will be 20 million new cases a deathsd 11.4 million from cancer alone.

choir, buted to the unlike other diseases, you all know there are over 200 distinct types of cancer which makes cancer far more complicated, a farmer constituted -- complicated disease to treat and understand. cancer is taken -- taking loved ones from us. when i announced the decision to not run for president, although i learned if you want to become a popular elected official, it is amazing what is happened. announce you are not becoming president. if i had noticed this, i would've announced this every year. [laughter] after both passed, i concluded we could not. bo past, i concluded we cannot. i said in the announcement, i said that it was not written on

the page. it was spontaneously i said that my regret is if i could have done anything, i would have wanted to be the president who added cancer as we know it because i think it is possible. my mom had the expression, and little bit of knowledge is a dangerous and. loved one, someone you care about, some of his part of your soul, heart of you are is in trouble, all you do the same exact thing. you try to learn as much about the thing causing that person trouble, he tried to learn as much as you can and i had to grade tutors, great hospitals. i had grade tutors. -- great tutors. the cancer may soccer out of a moonshot grew -- out of a sentiment that i

acquired. we are on a lot of change. the statement was not planned. shortly after the state of the union, the president did not coming that the state of the doing ahat biden is moonshine. when i heard that, i thought he wanted to put me in the capsule and go to the moon. [laughter] he asked me to lead this effort. do not ask me to leave it simply, he gave me authority. authority over all the cabinet positions. as if you are doing it. to engage the entire federal agencyent, every cabinet that has any impact possible impact in the fight against and i traveled the country and the world touching many their centers in the fight

against cancer to get the ideas and the experts. is it possible? can we doubled the rate at which we make august? ?rogress -- progress i'm referred to as a foreign-policy expert. i did not bring my briefcase. i must admit i know a hell of a lot for -- more about foreign-policy denied did at the beginning about cancer. i was recently in the middle east talking about isis and the gulf with one of the leaders and i thought we were going to have this long discussion, i brought my entire foreign-policy team. he had his old team. dockng on his beautiful outside one of his palaces. he starts up i think, can we talk about cancer? can we talk about cancer?

when i was in jordan, israel, japan, south korea, working on things with each of those countries, they want to be part of this effort. stunned,en stunned, stunned at the response of the presidents announcement. intensitybout the with which people feel about the subject. desire toerwhelming have some concrete hope on changes. go, when i talk about what is possible in fighting cancer, there is a consensus. a consensus that we have reached an inflection point. limits but what i mean by that. ago, chemical engineers, l.a. times is,

meteorologist, now they are. there is recognition that by advocating and share data of millions of patients, including genomic, they may, we are the potential to find the patterns and successfully treat cancer in ways we never did before. we can now do a thousand doing calculations a second. -- billion calculations a second. it changes the world intentionally. -- potentially. we can learn. now we are capable of doing it. technology, supercomputing, allows us to analyze enormous amount of data. agogs we cannot do writers would take scores of experts to find similar patterns. new treatment like

immunotherapies, cancer cells, more accurate radiation therapies, but do less damage to the healthy cells, transforming cancer into manageable diseases. when 10 years ago they were a death sentence. moment and seize the sees the inflection point, we have to improve how we work together. and guess is all within our reach. -- get this all within our reach. treatments need to be affordable. ofneed a strong continuum generating knowledge to fight cancer and we had to change the entire path of how knowledge goes from small out to the pharmaceutical companies to production facilities. the cost of life-saving drugs are astronomical. we have to come up with a better way. what is the possible justification when a life-saving drug is brought to market at the time it is brought to market it

cost $26,000 a year and 15 years $120,000?ost tell me what is the justification for that? i'm sure you can identify a lot of other examples. and i know there are hundreds of millions of dollars sunk in costs that come up with another. -- nothing. they have to be accounted for. i'm raising questions and i hope we get answers. when i began the moonshot, you put down knowledge we have to break down silos and sees the moment. doing what i can to change the culture that stifles the project. we have to change the culture little bit. news was a report instead

that cancer trial funding, requires the results of that instantly, the number of institutions that receive the most funding the report back in a timely fashion. sometimes a year or more. the scientist themselves, 75% of the time our late or don't report the results. that is the study. it may be wrong and i hope their experts here will tell me that is incorrect, but under the law, it says you must report. the lawon't report, says you should not get any funding. i'm going to find out whether that is true and if it is i will cut funding. that is a promise. that is a promise. all it does is slow progress. change the culture, the moonshot

effort is guided by a few mission. we have three claimed the incentive for research system. breakthroughs and faster progress preventing and treating cancer. we have to change the culture of research that turns scientists integrate writers. -- into grant writers. risk-taking. reward teamwork and results for patients, not just run numbers of publications. of publications. i said this to 6000 researchers, hosted by the organization in another city and i noticed the head of the organization were dismayed when two thirds of the audience clapped. not a joke. we need to be sure that researchers have results available as if there are published. -- soon as they are published. we can generate data with the

ultimate goal of enhancing patient care. to sharebetter system data and empower places to share and use data and the way they want to. in other sectors like physics and aerospace, shared his -- scientists share complex information seamlessly all the time. somehow, i guess hundreds of years of tradition, not in medicine. maybe there's a explanation, i have not heard it yet. preventionbring new strategies and diagnostics to communities across the world. the first place i'm going after the summit is to cleveland. ande tobacco association cancer screening. western university, with washington and cleveland have a higher than national average smoking rates.

lung cancer rates are higher. especially in areas where few people of access to lung cancer screening. this problem, which you will hear more about this morning, is associate media and digital monitoring technologies to help you but that healthier lifestyle. you know the numbers but an idea -- i do. prevention can save a lot more lives than anything we can do. other green programs that become available to help predict cancer early. imagingive and mobile techniques. a genetic markers that allow us to identify those at risk of developing cancer long before they develop. every -- i'vested been to almost all major cancer research centers in the country and the work is amazing. liquid biopsies get a lot of atio