especially in areas where few people of access to lung cancer screening. this problem, which you will hear more about this morning, is associate media and digital monitoring technologies to help you but that healthier lifestyle. you know the numbers but an idea -- i do. prevention can save a lot more lives than anything we can do. other green programs that become available to help predict cancer early. imagingive and mobile techniques. a genetic markers that allow us to identify those at risk of developing cancer long before they develop. every -- i'vested been to almost all major cancer research centers in the country and the work is amazing. liquid biopsies get a lot of attention and they provide a better way to screen for cancer

early on. simple blood test. people bych more taking screening into the communities just like we did with breast cancer and hiv. we have mobile vans rolling into the communities. you help set up making sure we have a large african-american population underserved, we have mobile dance go into every one of the cities -- vans rolling into every one of the city streets as the techniques become more available, there's a lot we can do. we have to accelerate getting treatment to patients by identifying any unnecessary regulatory barriers that exist at the federal level. that stand in the way of improving research or care. for example, patients should be able to seamlessly find a clinical trial that might suit a specific condition.

dr. should haven't c way of getting the patient to the process. a easyors should have way of getting the patient to the process. i've been to washington, nevada, california, i've been to about 11 of the most highly funded and most reputable cancer research centers in the world. get talk about how can they , how will they be able to get this life-saving capacity at to rural communities. 80 reservations. -- indian reservations. you became doctors for a reason. you are devoted, you care a heck of a lot. and it surprised me and please me to see how intensely the medical community is talking about the need to get services to at risk communities that were not available right now.

trial databases has proven to be part two, part two complicated for people to navigate. under the moonshot, we are creating the new website to help people learn about and get access to cancer trials. also be a significant benefit to little -- pharmaceutical companies -- to find people to be in the trials. as advanced as we are, the idea that we cannot come up with an app that has all this data is surprising to me. my son, it is not about my son. this is just my personal expense. recovery act, the president asked me to manage, almost a trillion dollars, $840

, less than 2/10 of a percent of waste are fraud, we thought we would change the way we covered and we decided electronic record-keeping and help the medical community and radio. so put -- a great deal. five got spent== and the systems can talk each other. think about it. we're not computer sciences. was in a trial. on the multiple times, to an mri to see the progress. at first, the doctor was excited about the progress. he was up at walter reed and the at m.d.were down anderson.

an incredible organization. my son was a leading surgeon in philadelphia, we had together of the information, get in a plane and fly down. can you imagine your company functioning that way and be able to make it? it is not anybody's fault. we have to fix it. we have to fix it. we only to future generations to seize this moment and double our rate of progress by just doing things that, if this were a high-tech firm we were running, they would say we have to solve this problem. it is within our wee house -- wheelhouse to do these things. contemplate the enormous genius that resides in

this room. one of the brightest men in all of edison is the guy sitting right there who is the head of nih. i mean it sincerely. the lackiment is not of the brain matter and genius in terms of new drugs on the treatment, it is all this stuff that gets in the way feel a thing i'm getting government is getting things out of the way. i'm good at that. i am good at that. i don't want this to come across as somehow the federal government has the answer. we don't have the answer. we have to figure out how to get out of your way and you guys have to figure how to get in each other's way and more. generations have faced some are problems. given us longer last.

theirof people fear children through the epidemic in the 50's, hope conquered fear. look at what you have all done. how you have aggregated capability. cancer lunch when i conquer any one thing. but i think it is a challenge with your brilliance we can win if we are devoted to winning. meeting yesterday. today, announcing a series of measures. implement it by government agencies that addresses some of the problems that move us toward the goal of doubling that rate of progress. the federal task force has gone to work and is announcing a dozen new actions and policy including the department of energy.

i applied the most powerful potential aspects of national labs to one of the world's largest research cohorts. presidentone of the precision medicine initiative. the national suit of health is announcing a new partnership bring together 12 pharmaceutical companies to invest to bring things available to everyone bring in therapy to patients in less time. month, i would to the university of chicago for the launch of the national cancer institute genome data, a platform that includes genome data shared openly and brother to advanced cancer research and improvement. we are announcing today that with the commitment from the foundation medicine, the total number of patients has gone from

, it has doubled to 32000 and just over a month. the expectation is hoped that it will be exponential. academicphilanthropic, , including breast cancer research foundation inspired by the moonshot called for a couple aberration -- collaboration doubling their annual research investment aiming for a key motive investment of $1 billion by 2021 to speed up connecting between molecular information into tillery the discoveries. oncology precision network. research andord providence health and catholic health initiative, the henry nursin.lth

this network is good to link cancer to genomic data to 79 hospitals and 800 clinics across 11 states. data for more than 50,000 cancer patients per year and cannot be shared openly on networks. a company will use medicare claims data released because of the ms versus opened that effort to post reports scarring medicare patients how they moved to the health care system in use before it merely after it cancer diagnosis. show how geography and types of physicians and providers will see how their pathways and their spirits and how it affects the outcomes. through collaboration with mount sinai medical center, the city of miami beach will dozens of

pre-sunscreen dispensaries for residents of millions of visitors a year. there has been no real progress in sunscreen, new sensing applications and some of two the cancerlong time, moonshot and the focus on prevention will continue this program at least until 2021. these are just some examples. there are 30 other announcements we are making today. in the early 1900s, a bone following new york theory thateloped a helpedrgical inspections patients recover better from cancer. by provoking the main system response. patients withting

triple a and the bacteria. when he did, the patient survived a little longer. cooley,g pioneers like scientist about him you know there be that has a chance of making the threat of some cancers a distant memory. imagine today a day when my grandchildren have children of when the threat of cancer is a distant memory. children can be vaccinated from cancer. other cancers can be treated and cured. related to chronic conditions. -- made into chronic conditions. i've spent the last year try to learn as much as i can. to become as informed as i can and i'm not as informed as many view in the audience. psi oftype more about the

a soviet selling missile and i can about some cancers, but i have worked hard. i think i'm in a position to say without being naive that we are on the cusp of breakthroughs that can get us there. the goal of the moonshot is to .ropel us forward today supporters and skeptics alike ask us what is the moonshot. ? it is all of you. people listening all around the country. all of you jumping in, doing what you can to help prevent, change lifestyles, treat cancer. it is everyone spending nights and weekends looking for the next breakthrough. the patients being treated for cancer hoping they can return to their lives and families. foundations and companies to start cures. and a small as

alex's lemonade stand try to understand cancer and help patients defeated. the moonshot is the hope and dreams of millions of people who want us to succeed and make a difference in their lives and chemistry not someday, but now. and families. not someday, but now. cancer touches everyone some way. we all have reasons to be here. survivors, patients, friends, physicians. researchers. almost everyone of us has lost someone wrote to request to us -- has lost someone relatively close to us. we are here because we can do something. that is what we decided to do when our son passed away. honoringhe moonshot is the life he lived.

never giving up hope. this is not about him. it is not about ethical person. it is about us. not giving up. having the urgency of now. the urgency now. , one of the agencies said they're going to get a new director and they will have a 2016. at the end of 2016. 2015, --ahead and said 2016, it is now june. if you can get that director in the next four months, tummy and we will find someone else. it is bizarre. we can do it later. these are breakthroughs that are

just beyond our grasp. we need each and everyone if of you, account all of the to think about cancer. go be under comfort zone. set and achieve goals that are going to change the way we to this. think about it tomorrow. saying that ie by i am accused with being too passionate about the things i care about. doing the recovery act and i'm in charge of major my money got spent wisely, i met with my town and content and i met with every single governor with one, with every mayor in the country, most every county and there was one

program we had, we were not able to get out x percentage of money onut impact we would have energy in on the consumption of energy. i turned to the head of one of the departments, a brilliant guy i said, what has this not been approved yet. he said, we have a 30 person department and has to get through that. i said ok. i turned to the other department and said what has this not been done. he said, i put it people in my department. but then i watched and i said -- watch.d u at my it is 11 after. if you don't have this settled at 11 after 10:00 on thursday, i'm shipping the departments. son of a gun, it was done and

well. it was well. [applause] things you can't rush. they take time. but something still think they are not happening is not because we don't have to do it,, we're not urgently focusing what has to be done. director, if we lost a director, comforted, because we haven't. general of the battlefield, i promise we would have an shortly. , i know most of you are working 17-18 hours a day. today to be a big about to the president and to me what i should be doing, what we should be doing to increase the collaboration, expand the base

of knowledge and have a greater sense of urgency on the mechanical things, on the structural changes. we're truly gracious, you are gracious to put up with me. we need you badly and i do believe that it is within your power to fundamentally change and turn despair into hope. a lot sooner than later. thank you for, that is for you, i'm here the whole day. i'm participating in roundtables. help educateck and me. i mean it sincerely. help educate me in the best way to go about this. thank you so much. [applause] >> tomorrow on c-span, a senate hearing on flood insurance

premiums. talking about recent rate increases in the federally backed program. my coverage begins at the clock a.m. eastern. later, national transportation board chair on the development on driverless cars. earnedt the organization learned -- learned. watch live coverage at 1:00 p.m. eastern. on july 1, 1976, the smithsonian national air and space using open its doors to the public. gerald ford was on hand. friday march the 40 anniversary in american history tv starts at 6:00 eastern on c-span three. we will tour the museum and see one-of-a-kind aviation artifacts including the spirit of st. louis and the apollo winner module and life events at the front of the museum. learn more about the easy method

talk with it director, the neal. curator and valerie you can join the conversation as we take your phone calls and tweets. the 40th anniversary of the smithsonian national air and space museum library evening beginning at 6:00 eastern on c-span3 american history tv. >> on wednesday, president obama travel to ottawa, canada for a summit with canadian prime minister and justin trudeau and mexican president enrique pena nieto.they held a joint news conference for the answer questions about trade and mobilization to all three were asked about donald trump and were critical of the republican presidential candidates position on trade agreements and immigration. this is an hour and 20 minutes.

>> please welcome barack obama, president of the united states of america, the right honorable justin to do, prime minister of his excellency, nieto, president of mexico. >> good afternoon, everyone. thank you for joining us today. president obama and the president of mexico have wrapped up a productive meeting. the meeting was friendly as you

friends but among also poignant. we are thrilled to have the president here. is sad thattime, it this will be the last chance for all three of us to get together in this capacity given president obama's impending retirement. [laughter] something he pointed out to us or than once, i should add. usually with a smile. i do want to thank both leaders and the delegations for coming to ottawa and for being truly open to the discussions that took place today. one of the first items we discussed was our common respect for diversity and our firm writes.for lgbtq

the united states and mexico both lost citizens in orlando. the tragedy has strengthened our determination to protect the rights of lgbt people and on behalf of, we urge leaders throughout the world to do the same. we also talked about the need to ensure a clean and prosperous future for all of our people and for all the people in the world. we are unanimous in our belief that on this issue, north america can and must lead the way. today we turn that resolve into action with the negotiation of an ambitious north american climate, clean energy and environment partnership. this partnership will see our country stand side-by-side as we work toward the common goal of a north america that is competitive, encourages clean growth and protects our shared environment now and for generations to come.

it is a partnership that lays out some very clear deliverables. and it identifies realistic paths to achieving them. together, we will advance clean and secure energy with the goal of 50% clean power generation across the continent by 2025. we will drive down short-lived climate pollutants like methane, black carbon and hydrofluorocarbons. we will promote clean and efficient transportation creating clean jobs as we reduce energy consumption, air pollution, and greenhouse gases. we will work together to protect nature and to advance our scientific understanding of the environmental challenges we share. finally, we will respond directly and decisively to the challenges of climate change, working to make our own

countries more resilient as we encourage others to do the same. this is what can happen when countries come together in pursuit of a common goal, when we have a big idea and the political will to make it happen. today's climate agreement stands as proof that cooperation pays off and that working together always beats going alone. there were of course other issues on the agenda as well. we also had the opportunity to talk about ways of advancing trade and competitiveness in north america. it is essential to each of our economies and vital for the creation of good jobs. furthermore, we reasserted our, commitment to human rights and we discussed the aspect on which we could be better partners to

ensure the protection of fundamental rights. we also discussed regional and worldwide issues that are urgent and we discussed the ways to work together to meet these common challenges. it also meant forging a closer working relationship when it comes to providing development and humanitarian assistance. as well as finding ways to more effectively combat public health challenges, the illicit flow of funds and drugs and human trafficking. as i said, the conversations were friendly but also frank and i am reassured and encouraged by the progress we were able to make today. relationships between the citizens of our three nations have always been strong even in the past when our government s haven't always seen eye to

eye. it is gratifying that once again we are able to come together as leaders of three truly great nations to honor the enduring friendship and to once again deliver real results for the people of canada, mexico, the united states and the entire global community. thank you barack and enrique for all your hard work today and everyday. i would like to introduce the president of mexico, enrique pena nieto. >> thank you very much, prime minister of canada. honorable barack obama. this press conference comes on the end, today is state visit and today the north american leader summit. prime minister trudeau, allow me to say once again how grateful i am for your hospitality, for the warmth with which we were

received. myself and my delegation. we were warmly welcomed in this country. we're going back to mexico with memories of the warm welcome that the canadian people showed in quebec, toronto and ottawa. we're going back to mexico fully convinced that we have renewed our bilateral relationship with canada. canada has a leader that is going back to universal values that make canada stand out in the world. iesident of barack obama, would like to say that we technology your determination -- knowledge determination to have a more united, integrated uncompetitive north america. a more prosperous and inclusive north america.

i would like to highlight this being the last north american leadership summit that you will attend as president of the united states. i would like to acknowledge that mexico recognizes the fact that you have promoted a strategic partnership and you have always been willing to work towards a bilateral agenda that covers beyond security. in the process of generating clean energy, you have always favored a more expedited trade, more borders, competitiveness in trade. you will always been in favor of having cooperation in education and have always been willing to push technology and science forward.

but there is no doubt that your legacy also covers other regions of latin america. you have reestablished a relationship with cuba, have supported the developing of central america. and in the summit of the americas, as well. you have contributed to its advancement. i would like to acknowledge as well your tireless efforts towards the environment. and addressing the challenges of global warming. there is no doubt that your presidency has helped to build and reaffirm the candid the unitedps that states and mexico have. during this summit, the

government of canada and the united states and mexico have reaffirmed our decision to work together with a vision, with resolve to advance economic integration in north america. in order to fulfill this goal, values inognizes the the transpacific partnership that there is a great opportunity to reaffirm this level of integration between the three countries that are part of nafta. besides that, we're taking this opportunity to other regions of the world, specifically towards asia. i believe that the advantages, the benefits, and the beauty that this integration will carry and has carried along for the benefit of our societies can be extended. when that transpacific partnership is approved, mexico supports this effort with enthusiasm. this partnership, this agreement

is at the senate and in the process of being approved. we are fully convinced that by working together and by taking stock of our complementarity, we can get a most competitive region in the world, as prime minister trudeau has said during this summit. we have worked on addressing priorities on the change to clean energy, competitiveness at the borders and trade securities events and economic and global issues. specifically, mexico addressed the area of competitiveness in trade and our borders. i would like to highlight some of the most important agreements we're going to create single trade windows to enable our border exchanges. our goal is to have one foreign trade single window for north america. secondly, we are going to map

north american clusters. this will be vital tool for decision-making, to bolster economic trade in the region. we have agreed to have a trilateral cluster map, as soon as possible. and thirdly, i should mention the trilateral program for trusted travelers. mexico has proposed that this program uses global platforms that canada and the united states already have. and this year we will implement electronic kiosk platform that is already present in different airports in the united states and canada. this system, and result, will be used in north america and this will be a system that will enable and expedite the traffic

and flow of individuals in north america. finally, i would like to use an example to describe our level of integration. the preservation of the monarch butterfly conservation. its is a species that, in pilgrimage, we can see how our countries are intertwined. we back in our last summit, agreed that would take care of this species. ind make sure, that it's its journey, the monarch butterfly from canada flies to the united states all the way to mexico in the figures speak for itself. in 2014, in our country, the area where butterflies reached only covered less of one hecta

hectares. due to the efforts made by the trilateral task force, this year's surface now extends 4.1 hectares. and we know this figure will eventually grow to six hectares. that will be our goal for the monarch butterfly preserve and by that, we will be making sure species ison of the the symbol of the relationship that canada and the united states and mexico have. the north american leader summit bears witness to isolated national efforts are insufficient. if we want favorable results for the benefit of our society, it is better to work together as a region. we all know that these global

challenges, isolationism is not the solution. in contrast with what happens in other corners of the world, we in north america have decided to be closer, to work as a team and to complement each other and to make progress together as the most competitive region in the world. thank you very much. >> president obama? obama: good afternoon. bonjour, buenos tardes. i would like to thank my friends and partners. justin and the people of ottawa, canada, thank you for your wonderful hospitality. this is my fourth north american leader summit. and the first that canada has hosted in nearly a decade. and this reflects the new

commitment that prime minister trudeau has brought to our shared vision of a strong and integrated north america. thank you very much emma justin. much, justin.ery let me start by commenting on the horrific terrorist attack that took place yesterday in turkey, which is one of the busiest airports in the world. the american people, our prayers are with the people of turkey istanbul, and all those affected by this terrible crime. we have offered all assistance that we have available to our ally and we stand to pay to assist them during this difficult time. we're still learning all the facts, but we know this is part of our broader shared fight against terrorist networks and we will continue to work closely with turkey to root them out. meanwhile, we are going to do what is necessary to protect our people. i am confident that we can and

we will defeat those who offer only death and destruction and we will always remember even as there are those trying to divide us that we are stronger when we come together and work towards a better world together. we are reminded of the fact, during the summit, combined are three nations are home to nearly 480 million people. we are bound together by family , including millions of immigrants who trace roots to the other countries. we are not only among each other's top trade partners, we are a global of of integration, integrated economies and supply chains and productions that spanned the borders. on every security and global challenge, we are partners. and we are united by common values for democracy and pluralism and a commitment to human dignity. over the past eight years, i've worked to strengthen our friends ins with our

the americas. and that begins with our strengthening of the partnership between canada and mexico. for example, we have boosted exports by about 50%. in support of american jobs. and today, as justin and enrique described the we have the ability to do business together. we are bringing more advanced technology to the border crossings, which will reduce wait time for travelers and make it more affordable to trade. by the end of this year, we will have a single trusted traveler program for all three of our countries, which will make it easier to travel while at the same time improving security. we will continue to line our standards and regulations which is especially important for small businesses who want to export more. we are going to do more together to promote women entrepreneurs. businesses towned

succeed, as well. and we will keep on expanding our educational exchanges among our students. as has been mentioned, we discussed the transpacific partnership. the politics of trade are always difficult, in every country. i don't know any country where there are not going to be some folks who argue against trade. but we all believe in integrated and a global economy. the goal is not for us to try and shut ourselves off from the world, rather to work together to raise standards around the world. and that is exactly what tpp does. it is the right thing to do, and we are going to keep working towards it. given the flood of steel and aluminum on the markets, it points to the fact that free trade also has to be fair trade . and our three countries agree to work together on a range of measures to enforce our rights and protect our workers. and ensure a level playing field

for the steel and aluminum industry here in north america. and given the vote of the united kingdom to leave the european union, our economic teams will continue to work together so that we remain focused on keeping our economy growing, and make sure the global financial system is stable. something i'm confident we can do. second, we are making sure that n countriesamerica remain leaders in the fight on climate change. all three of our nations are now committed to joining the paris agreement this year. we're announcing a new goal across the continent, generating 50% of our electricity with clean power by 2025 which is a bold goal, but eminently achievable. the united states government is making a major commitment to

purchase more clean energy for federal facilities. and all three of our countries are committed to reducing methane emissions from the oil and gas sector by 40-45%. by 2045. thirdly, we will do more to make sure we are looking after safety and health of our citizens from the danger of illicit drugs. we are focused on the epidemic abuse, including aroin that is taken devastating effect on our families. our teams will meet to make sure we are courting efforts and our efforts or treatment and we will be relentless against criminals and narcotraffickers inflicting so much violence on our communities. fourth, we are deepening our cooperation on regional and global challenges. joint efforts against diseases like zika. helping our central american partners address poverty and violence. that led to so many families and

children making a dangerous trip to flee circumstances. i would you think justin and enrique for the strong support of our approach to cuba and i'm also glad that our countries agree to do more around the world to address the refugee crisis and expand our peacekeeping effort. in our hemisphere with the historic agreement in columbia, in a major step towards peace, we will help the colombians to remove landmines. our efforts to fortify what has been a difficult negotiation. and given the very serious situation in venezuela, and the venezuelan people, together we are calling on the government and opposition to engage in meaningful dialogue and the venezuelan government to respect the rule of law in the political assembly. political prisoners should be released in the democratic

process. respected, that includes legitimate efforts to pursue a referendum. in closing, we are determined to keep building on the process that has been made at previous leadership summits. and by the way, enrique, i love the story about monarch butterflies. they are not just any species. they are spectacular. we want to make sure our children and grandchildren can see them, as well. we are creating what we call a north american caucus, which means our three governments will meet on a more regular basis. we are going to continue to efforts intrilateral this hemisphere and around the world. and we will do more to speak with one united north american voice on the world stage. we cannot have better partners than justin and and enrique. i'm confident that we are going to continue to advance regional cooperation and integration. that will not be good for all

people. it will be good for our people in the world as well. merci, beaucoup. muchas gracias. >> we are now ready to start with the question period. ar first question is from canadian journalist, from ctv news. >> good afternoon. one of the candidates who want s to replace president obama has already said he wants to renegotiate nafta and walk away from the transpacific partnership. all suggesting that perhaps it is a growing disconnect between the pro-trade message you are selling here in the protectionist voices we are here in the u.s. and the brexit in the u.k.? what is your strategy to reverse this sentiment? the rest of you speak french, that is great. prime minister trudeau: first of

all, our strategy is to highlight how much trade and positive agreements among our nations are good for the economy of the world and the economy of our countries, but also good for our citizens. we know that industries export more goods, pay sellers that are 50% higher than sectors that do not export. we also know that trade can provide jobs and innovation and progress for individuals as well. in our conversation today and yesterday, we find agreements and have conversations that allowed us to remove visas from mexican visitors to canada. this will have effects on all canadians who live in communities that welcome mexican tourists. it will also allow canadians and

agriculture producers to have access to the mexican beef market. these are examples of the cooperation that we say is good for the north american market but also good for the entire world. and with this in mind, it is important to come together to talk together, about the future of this world where we are more and more connected. and we have to agree more and more in this world. our response to the kinds of protectionism that we are seeing around the world, that indeed to highlight when we come together at events like this north american leaders summit, there is a opportunity to come together in ways that are beneficial for our countries and mostly that are beneficial for individual citizens. we know that export intensive industries pay on average 50%

non-exports the industries. we know that trade leads to innovation and opportunities for communities, for individuals and workers. and we need to make sure that we are dealing with challenges and problems as they come up and that is where a constant engaged dialogue comes with positive outcomes. just yesterday with president nieto, we were able to establish forward movement on two not just withes, our country but with our people, that will have a beneficial impact on both sides of the deal. we will be lifting visas for visitors which will have a positive impact on communities across the country as a welcome in tourists. but also we have been able to secure access for canadian farmers to sell their beef in mexico. these are good, concrete things

that happened when we pull together and deal with important issues. and always, there will be people trying to get us to turn inwards . but the fact is our world is interconnected, in so many ways, that it is much better that we engage and were through our -- we work through our challenges together because, really, that is how we end up with the kind of growth and benefits for our country and citizens. >> i will be very brief. addressing your question, there are sometimes when what has has not been valued enough and this integration has managed to achieve in north america is precisely is to give to our

three countries more opportunities. give to our societies more opportunities by growing trade, by having more investment in our three countries. in our three countries we see opportunities growing and reaching out to more people. then exchanges and the possibility of studying abroad in any of the three countries represented here. by three heads of state. our outcomes of our trilateral agreements, i believe that they are all aware of how the reactions are happening in the u.k. and there is still uncertainty, the outcome of the referendum is not certain.

but when someone values what you had, you see such reaction so we are here, trying to innovate and be more competitive. because we are competitors, yes, but we have complementary economies. and, that is, will get more benefit to our societies. this is the main goal of our effort. the agreements made here are not only agreements made by three heads of state, we are building roads, we are building the foundation so that our societies and have strong foundations and go further. and that makes us a great contrast when some other countries choose isolationism, they choose protection.

and they are not letting the ir societies project themselves to other kinds of scenarios. pres. obama: well, let me make a couple of points. first of all, the integration of national economies into a global economy, that is here. that is done. and so, the question is not whether or not there's going to be an international global economy, there is one. technology, travel, massive cargo containers that can ship goods back and forth. the fact that a company can move capital around the world in the blink of an eye.

that an engineer can send plans to the other side of the world in an instant, to a colleague, those are facts. so, we have an integrated economy already. so, the question is under what terms are we going to shape that economy? and it is my firm belief that making sure that how we trade, how we exchange goods, it is my firm belief that shaping those in accordance with the values that our three countries care deeply about is going to be good for us. and us trying to abandon the

field and pull of the drawbridge around us will be bad for us. now, with respect to brexit, i think is important to point out that those who argued about leaving the european union are the same folks who very next day are insisting that don't worry, we will still have access to the think market. so, apparently, their argument was that about trade did early. they just had obligations to the free market. it is important for us not to draw using analogies between what happened in the u.k. and the eu versus what is happening between our three countries in terms of trade and what is happening in terms of us attempting to access asian markets through tpp. that is point number one.

now, point number two, ordinary people who have concerns about trade have a legitimate gripe about globalization. because the fact is that as the global economy is integrated, we have seen trendlines across the advanced economies of growing inequality. and stagnant wages. and a smaller and smaller share of the overall productivity and growth going to workers in a larger portion going to the top 1%. and that is a real problem, because if that continues, the social cohesion and political consensus needed for liberal market economy starts breaking down. so, they are right to be concerned about that. i am concerned about it. justin is concerned about it.

enrique is concerned, as well. the question is what to do about it? and the prescription of withdrawing from trade deals and focusing solely on a local market, that is the wrong medicine. first of all, because it is not feasible. because our auto plants, for example, would shut down, if we do not have access to some parts of other parts of the world. so, we would lose jobs and the amount of disruption that would be enormous. secondly, we would be less efficient. the cost of our goods would be much more expensive. and this nostalgia of an era wheree everyone was working in

manufacturing jobs for you did not need a college degree, and as long as you went in and work hard, you could support a family with a middle-class life, that has been undermined by automation more than outsourcing the shift of jobs to low income or low-wage countries. i mean, the steel industry is producing as much steel in the united states as it ever was. it is just that it needs 1/10 of the workers. this is why my pushback on both the left and right when it comes to protectionism or anti-trade arguments is you are right to be concerned about the trends, but what you are prescribing will not work. and there's a better way of doing this. and the better way of doing this is countries like ours that have

high labor standards and now environmental standards and strong protection of intellectual property and rule of law, we have to get out there and help to shape the rules so for our workers and our businesses. and if they don't, china will bend the rules. they may not have the same values we care about. other countries will right the roles in ways that disadvantage our workers and businesses. in asia right now, there are a whole lot of tariffs but keep our products out but because we happen to be one of the most open nations in the world, the y are telling us, we need to engage more. if we combine that with investments in education and tax policies that are fair and making sure that colleges affordable and strengthening the safety net and rebuilding the

infrastructure, which are jobs that cannot be exported, and making investments and development and we are building an inclusive society in which everybody has a fair shot. that is how we are going to solve these problems. and what is absolutely true is that too many folks who have been in charge around the world have neglected that side of the equation. so, we're going to keep on pushing hard to shape an international order that works for our people. but we are not going to be able to do that by cutting off trade. because that is when you make all of us pooerrer. >> merci. thank you. we can now take a second question.

danielle, millennial. danielle: good afternoon. i would like to ask you, the election process going on in the united states, there is an anti-immigrant and anti-mexican rhetoric by donald trump. i would like to ask you if you addressed this issue during your meeting, and how can you bring since to the agreement you described in a positive outcome, what would happen if someone who is not in agreement has said that nafta, they would step back from nafta. what did you address in your meetings? thank you. pres. nieto: i would like to begin by saying we did address the issue and we discussed it. i would say on behalf of mexico,

my government will respect the election process which is a domestic process for the united states. we are getting ready to work with whomever turns out to be president of the united states. and the best way to strengthen the progress and agreements that have been made so far is to explain clearly and let the people feel the beauties and benefits of all the work we do. most of what we have is the but it might be a gift from god, but it is actually the outcome of our work . and the foundation and the work we have done so far. and i believe that in the end, what we have managed to achieve today would just be a lesson for

the americans to define who would provide them better guarantees to move into the path towards growth and development , based upon what we have managed to build in the past. pres. obama: well, i think enrique is right, whoever becomes president of the united states is going to have a deep, strong interest in having a strong relationship with mexico. it is our neighbor. our friend. and one of our biggest trading partners. and i think i have made myself clear, setting aside whatever the candidates are saying, that america is a nation of immigrants. that is our strength. unless you are one of the first americans, unless you are a native american, somebody , somewhere in your past showed

up from someplace else. and they did not always have papers. and the genius of america has been to define ourselves not by what we look like or what our last name is or what faith we practice, but our adherence to a common creed. they believe that all people are created equal, a belief in free speech and freedom of assembly and democracy and pluralism and and tolerance and rule of law. and we have observed those ideals imperfectly at times, but in each successive generation, we got a little bit better. we have come closer to our

ideals. and the notion that somehow we would stop now on what has been a tradition of attracting talent dreamers fromnd all around the world, that would thing that is so special about america. and i don't think that will happen. now, people are generally concerned about immigration that is not orderly. people pouring across borders , without having gone through some sort of process. it adds to people's sense that things are out of control. and that is why we have invested in securing our borders and we have made unprecedented investments. it is part of the reason why

illegal immigration to the united states is actually at its lowest level since the 1970's. it is why we survived the cooperation we have obtained from the mexican government. and making sure that our borders work to facilitate legal andgration and trade commerce, but discourages illegal immigration. it is why i am pushing very hard, and will contain to push -- continue to push until i leave this office, for a comprehensive immigration reform plan. that can fix the aspects of the system that is broken. so that we remain a nation of laws and immigrants. think,t is ultimately, i where people in the united states will land. we have had times throughout our history where anti-immigrant

sentiment is exported by demagogues. it was directed at the irish, it was directed at poles, italians. and you can go back and read what was said about those groups and it is identical to what they are now saying about mexicans, guatemalans, or muslims. same stuff. they're different. they are not going to fit. they will not assimilate. they bring crime. same arguments. you go back to the 1800s, the language is identical. but guess what? they kept coming. and they kept coming because america offered possibility for their children and grand children. and even if they were initially discriminated against, they understood our system would over time allow them to become part

of this one american family. and so, we should take some of the rhetoric seriously and answer it boldly and clearly, but you should not think that that is representative of how the american people think. > now, our third question. reporter roberto renton from reuters. --erto pres. obama: i should point out that roberto is secretly from canada. so, canadians are now getting an extra question. [laughter] roberta: thank you, mr.

president. given how the brexit vote should should play out in the global economy, do you feel that you need to do more to come the markets quickly and encourage a quick exit rather than something that is long and drawn out? do you feel that the u.k. should be at the back of the deal for a trade deal? will you make a full throated pitch for your prescription when you are out on the campaign trail stumping for secretary clinton. mean,minister trudeau, i you seem to be quite carefully talking about mr. trump. when negotiating or renegotiating this or turn it up, why don't come out and say that forcefully? president nieta. you compared mr. trump to hitler. and mussolini. how concerned are you that there will be a wall up under border? this time next year. pres. obama: ok. excellent questions, roberta. [laughter] canadians are little more subtle. [laughter]

pres. obama: i'm actually going to help out my friends a little bit on the last question you -- that was not directed at me . but say when i visit other countries, it is not my job to comment on candidates on the middle of the race because they may end up winning and relationships tend to transcend who is in power. at any given time, it is a tough question. i'm not saying they should not answered. but i'm helping about a little bit. pres. obama: because there is no doubt that when i visit countries i've gotten preferences but i barely express them. with respect to brexit, first of all, i think you have seen the market settle down a little bit over the last couple of days. i did not follow the markets today. but we are monitoring very

closely if there is any systemic strains on the system and so far, what you would see with regard to reaction to the market, stock prices, currencies. but i think the preparations that were done by central banks and finance ministers indicate the degree to which the global economy in the short run will hold steady. i think there are some genuine longer-term concerns about global growth, if brexit goes through, and that freeze of the possibilities of investment in great britain or in europe as a whole. at a time when global growth weak already, this does not help.

and when we attend the g20 summit later this year, we all haveng at something i continued to look at in the seven and a half years since i have been president, we all have to look at what we can do to boost global demand. whether it is the united states adopting a more robust budget for infrastructure improvements, fixing water systems in flint, michigan or repairing airports, that are not as efficient as they should be, or rebuilding can take itid so it vantage of clean energy. -- take advantage of clean energy. whether it is germany, a country with a surplus doing more in terms of spending or europe as a whole lifting some of the austerity constraints or china shifting to a more consumer-based, domestic-based growth strategy as opposed to exporting its way out of problems.

you know, there are going to be a whole host of measures we can take to fortify the global coming. and that to be a top priority of ours. with respect to the actual brexit negotiations, my main message to david cameron, angela merkel, and others is that everybody should catch their breath, come up with a plan and a process that is orderly, that is transparent, that people understand. and then, proceed understanding that both sides have a stake in getting this right. and i think that will be a difficult, challenging process. but it does not need to be a panicky process.

i think it is going to be a steady, sensible process. obviously, leadership issues in great britain will need to be resolved for it to move as crisply. and as effectively as it needs to be. but i think that is recognized. and that should happen fairly quickly. and i know that speaking with chancellor merkel that her interest is not in retribution. her interest is in making sure that the process works. and i have a lot of confidence in people being able to do that . and we will help in any way that we can to facilitate that. and then, the last part of your question, with respect to the u.k. in any trade agreement with united states, frankly, we will be the least of the problems right now. because the first order of business is to address a market

where they sell half the goods , which is europe. and these things are not easily negotiated, particularly because we have been spending our time trying to negotiate with the european union. and so, to suddenly go off on another track will be challenging. but i think their first and primary concern is going to be to try and figure out how they interact with the european union and the european market, if and in fact when they leave. but i have emphasized that the special relationship we have with britain does not change. that the ties of affection, family, language, institution and culture, business relationships, those are so deep and so long-lasting. the cooperation we have a on security issues and global

challenges, those are so fundamental that our relationship with u.k. fundamentally does not change. we are concerned that their absence from the european union and the potential disruptions within europe make it harder to solve some of the challenges that have to be solved. prime minister trudeau: one of the things that is easy to forget amid the inflated rhetoric of an election campaign is that the relationship between our three countries goes far deeper than any individual leaders. and if the three of us get along, it is not just because we are aligned in many different values and priorities, it is very much because we serve

citizens, who they themselves are tremendously aligned in terms of priority and hopes and dreams, and in terms of desire for success. and ways to reach it. so, when you look at the level of integration of our supply chain and markets and flow back and forth across borders, goods, people, and the tremendous benefits that have come from proximity and strong relationships to individual citizens across this continent, it is essential that we of electd, regardless rhetoric,ectoral canada, the united states and mexico will continue to have

tremendously close relationships, economically, culturally, socially, familiarly, historically and toward the future. so, as i've said many times, and i will say it again, i look forward to working with whomever the american people choose to elect as president in november. i know that we will always be able to find shared priorities and challenges that we would work together to overcome and i know that our commitment to doing what is right and best for our citizens will lead us to much more alignment than differentiation. neito: roberta, i will go straight to the point to describe the sting of my administration and my own view, i've said and i will say it again.

my government will respectfully fully the domestic electoral process in the united states. i don't think i have said anything different from what i'm stating once again. what i've said is that today, i did not make reference to a specific point. my words reinforce what i believe. i believe that in this global scenario and i will use president obama's words, as he said, he give us a hand to address this question. we are facing a global reality. we have a populist world, an interconnected world with own challenges.

what i have said is that in the world we're living, in different places we have political leaders, political stake who holders who used demagoguery that use populist slogans, that want to eliminate and destroy what has been built which has taken decades to build to go back to problems of the past and yes, it is true, the benefits have not reached society as a whole. that is true. but those leadership and political actors, by using populism and demagoguery, they choose the easiest way to solve the challenges of the world and things are not that simplistic. it is not as easy as that to lead a country, to take on a responsibility to rule a country

goes beyond giving the easiest answer. it is complex and it is difficult to lead a country. and i just said it, we have reached so far the level of development, a level of well-being that we have in the world, without a doubt that makes contrast with the situation that we lead 30 years back. never before has a global society or the society of the least of our three countries have lived. the level of development and world being that we enjoy today. countriesre have our as a high life expectancy. we have the opportunity to have access to the knowledge of the world as fast and as easy as we have today. never before are we at such a level of connection between

society and the possibility of having access a product from any corner of the world, as we do today. and that was built throughout the years by using the model based on openness, free-trade, trade agreements. and the biggest challenge today is to make sure that those benefits reach out to every single citizen. but the solution proposed by some is not by destroying, to not take a different route to choose the road towards isolation and instruction. what we need to do is keep up the pace towards development and when i said that, i mentioned that most of what some people say it is very similar in the past. and president obama already said it years back, but in the past, some leaders address their societies in those terms.

hitler and mussolini did that. come is clear. it resulted in devastation. it turned out to be a tragedy for mankind. that was my message, when i made reference to this event. my message was about to value what we have and to be aware of the rules that we need to work. that is the benefit we are looking for. to take the benefits to our society. >> the question will be from mr. philip. mr. trudeau, with the goals you have said that are ambitious for clean energy, does this mean the u.s. will import more hydraulic

hydroelectricity? >> does it mean that the united states will have to import more hydroelectricity from canada? trudeau:ister certainly, the agreement we have included today, the values are shifted towards cleaner, renewable energy. canada has a tremendous amount of energy that comes with clean sources right now. and we are always looking to create more. how we work together on just as -- not just as two countries but three countries on energy solutions that give opportunities to our solutions while protecting future generations from the impact of climate change is something we are all entirely agreed on. one of the things we have learned with the paris agreement and three years of following different paths toward solutions is there is no single solution

to our energy challenges, or to the challenges posed by climate change. that we need to be creative, we need to be innovative. we need to work together and that is why the inclusion of this ambitious continental energy strategy is so important . how we are going to do not just our share to combat the global challenges of climate change, but to demonstrate the leadership and show that clean energy and clean growth are exactly the solution. and the opportunity that we face , because of climate change. >> it is true that the agreement that we came to today is very important. because it allows us to fight climate change and it is important when it comes to investing in clean energy, clean

growth in our country. i know that we will have to pursue multiple different solutions, when it comes to clean energy. but cooperation and the collaboration we have highlighted today will give rise to innovative solutions that are positive in the area of clean energy. i can't wait to work with the united states and with mexico in order that together we are able to face climate change challenges. it is not just a matter of doing our fair share, it is a matter of showing leadership in the world. when it comes to climate change and clean energy, we have to do more than our share. we have to show that the future of the environment and the economy involves taking

responsible decisions for the environment and clean energy. thank you. nieto: even when this question was addressed to the united states and canada, in that mexico in this trilateral relationship, as has been mentioned here, we are committed to clean energy. mexico has rebounded its legal framework so that by 2024, at least 35% of a generation of energy is clean. this is an agreement they made in this trilateral meeting to reduce other pollutants, like methane.

what i would like to say is that our three countries share the same agenda in environmental issues. we have agreed to protect our world and to find solutions that we are already working on. well, justin, i think, got it right. that we set a goal. and we are coordinating and synchronizing best practices. and there is going to be an energy mix in each of our countries that will be different, that we determined by what natural resources we have, by how well we can integrate the grid and transmission of power , so there may be some wonderful hydroelectric power that we would like to give to the united states. but the question is, are there

other enough transmission facilities press to buy it at a competitive price? just as, you know, we developed wind energy, we have to build it for structure to get wind energy produced in south dakota down to chicago. each of us have national plans. but the point is that by setting these goals, creating these coordinating mechanisms, we are in a better position to take advantage of the confluence of interest and economies and opportunities. energyiew the clean sector as an enormous opportunity. oil is cheap right now. but it is not going to be cheap. i said this before, as you buying gas guzzlers, because it is a finite resource in a becomes more and more expensive to extract and people are taking climate change more and more seriously, you're in a

transition phase. but, in the meantime, technology is moving. and as solar and wind and hydro and biomass, and technologies we have not even thought of yet. there is some 15-year-old kid thinking about, i don't know if he is in canada or mexico or the united states or china or saudi arabia, but somebody out there is going to figure that out. and i want that opportunity to prove to our workers, our people, our communities. and whoever wins this race, everybody else is going to follow. and i believe that we have the brainpower and the architecture to lead, and we have such a huge market between our three

countries, that we can test out a lot of these opportunities and figure out which work best. to sayallow me, i want one less thing. because it has been a running thread and that is this whole issue of populism. maybe somebody can pull up in the dictionary quickly the phrase populism, but i'm not prepared to concede the notion that some of the rhetoric that popping up is populist. you know, when i ran in 2008, and the reason i ran again in reason after i leave this office and continue to work in some capacity in public service is because i care about people, and i want to make sure

every kid in america have the opportunity that i had. i care about poor people who are working hard and don't have a chance to advance. and i care about workers being able to have a collective voice in the workplace. and get their fair share of the pie. and i want to make sure that kids are getting a decent education. and a working mom has childcare that she can trust. and i think we should have a tax system that is fair, and that folks like me who have benefited from incredible opportunities in my society, should pay little bit more to make sure that some kids who weren't as lucky have the same opportunities. and i think there should be curbs on the excesses of our

financial sector. so, we don't repeat the debacles of 2007 and 2008. and i think there should be transparency in how our systems work, so we don't have people dodging taxes by setting up offshore accounts in other places and avoiding the responsibilities that their fellow citizens who don't have fancy lawyers and accountants, you know, that they can't benefit from the same tricks. now, i suppose that makes me populist. somebody else who has never shown any regard for workers are ofas never fought on behalf of social justice issues, making sure that poor kids are getting a decent shot on life or health care, or has worked against economic opportunities for

workers and ordinary people, they don't suddenly become a populist because they say something controversial in order to win votes. that is not the measure of populism. nativism, or xenophobia. or worse. it is just cynicism. so, i would just advise everybody to be careful about somebody attributing to whoever pops up at a time of economic anxiety to label them populist. where have they been? have they been on the front lines, working on behalf of working people? have they been carrying the

labor force to open up opportunities for more people. now, there are people like bernie sanders, who i think genuinely deserve the title because he has been in the biggest fights. on behalf of these issues. and there, the question is going to be, we share values, we share goals, how do we achieve them? and i do think enrique's broader point is right. sometimes, there are simple solutions out there but i've been president for 7.5 years and it turns out that is pretty rare. [laughter] obama: and the global economy is one of those areas where there are not a lot of simple solutions and there aren't a lot of shortcuts to making sure that more people have opportunities. we have to educate our kids better. and that takes time.

we have to make sure our manufacturing sector is more dynamic and competitive. that takes time. we have to restructure our tax codes and make sure workers are getting higher pay. that takes time. we have to raise minimum wage. we have to make sure college is affordable. you know, we have to restructure and reform our financial sector , so they are not reckless. but we have to do so in ways that do not destroy the entire system and throw millions people suddenly out of work. and when we bailed out the auto industry, that was not popular. so maybe i was not populist. but i will tell you what, all of those automakers, all those uaw members are pretty happy i did. even though it had about 10% popularity at the time. even in states like michigan. so, i don't know.

maybe that was an elitist move my part, because it did not poll well. the last time i visited an auto plant, they were pretty happy. let's be clear. somebody who labels us versus them, or engages in rhetoric about how we're going to look after ourselves, take it to the other guy, that is not the definition a populist. sorry. this is one of the prerogatives when you're at the end of the term. you can just go on these occasional rants. [laughter] this we conclude our press conference. thank you very much. merci. muchas gracias.

>> as part of president obama's visit to canada, he was invited to speak before parliament. he talked about the close relationship between the u.s. and canada, and the need for the two allies to cooperate on promoting global stability and human rights. his remarks are about an hour. [applause]

>> bill, sorry, you are not going to like the socks. [laughter] >> secretary? [laughter] >> the usual.

[applause] [cheering] [applause] [cheering]

[applause] [cheering] [applause] >> order. [laughter] , primehonor roll minister. >> the prime minister. [applause] prime minister trudeau: thank

you, mr. speaker. wonderful to see you all today. mr. president, it is an honor to welcome you to parliament, on behalf of all canadians, welcome to our house. [applause] prime minister trudeau: before we begin, i would like to ask everyone here today to join in a moment of silence in memory of those killed and injured in yesterday's attack in istanbul. >> merci. trudeau: mr.r to

president, the house we sit in today has witnessed many extraordinary moments in history. it is where governments made difficult decisions to send young men and women to war, decisions that forever changed our country and the world. it was here in 1922 that are first female member of parliament show generations of canadian girls that yes, they could. [applause] prime minister trudeau: and now, finally, the house gets to see a bromance up close. [laughter] prime minister trudeau: thanks for making that possible. though i still think dude-plomacy is more accurate. the truth is that while we are friends, it is a friendship that is far from unique.

>> through family, friends, social media, or by the billions of dollars of goods and services that cross our borders every day, the links between canadians and americans are everywhere. and it is through those relationships that we give life to what president kennedy stated when he addressed his house, "what unites us is far greater than what divides us." canadians and americans are united in their quest for peace and prosperity. we all want opportunities for success. and weinister trudeau: understand that economic growth means most when it improves the lives of people who worked so hard to secure it. especially the middle class and

those working hard to join it. and we echo the values of president roosevelt who said the test of our progress is not whether we add more to the abundance of those who have so much, it is whether we provide enough for those who have too little. canadians and americans are also united in our desire to leave to our children and grandchildren a better world, a safer, cleaner world than the one inherited from our parents. that is an ambitious goal, not one beyond our reach. today, we made an important down payment on that cleaner future, with the new continental climate change strategy. [applause]

and finally, and at this moment critically, canadians and americans are united in our understanding that diversity is a source of strength, not weakness. generation after generation, our countries have welcomed newcomers seeking liberty and the promise of a better life. and generation after generation, our identities and our economies have been enriched by these new perspectives, not threatened by them. the north american idea that diversity is strength is our great gift to the world. no matter where you are from, or the faith you profess, or the color of your skin, nor who you

love, you belong here. this is home. [applause] so, letnister trudeau: us reaffirm today with our american cousins the spirit that 153 years ago, abraham lincoln called the last best hope on earth. openness, diversity, inclusion, responsible self-government, freedom for all people. these ideas are as important today as they have ever been and we will promote them together. on all these things, economic opportunity, the environment, on building more inclusive and diverse society, americans and

canadians agree. >> when people say that the president and i share a special relationship, there is something that they often do realize, we are not inspired by each other, but by the people whom we had the privilege of serving. the mother who does overtime, in order to pay the rent, buy new clothing for her daughter, and save a little money to help her parents. from the retiree who gives his time to teach children the importance of protecting wetlands. the communities that come together after natural disasters side-by-side,d hand-in-hand to reaffirm the right to love one another. prime minister trudeau: these are stories i will think of when i consider president obama's

time in office. history books will record the policies. but i will remember what hope we all will remember, the lessons you taught us not by executive order, but by example. that we are accountable. [applause] prime minister trudeau: the lesson that we are accountable to each other. that we are stronger together than we are apart, that we are more alike than we are different, and that there is a place in this world for politics that is hopeful, hard-working, and ambitious. and kind. mr. president, in your last state of the union address, you

said of the american people, that they are clear eyed, bighearted, undaunted by challenge, and optimistic. i can think of no better way to describe their leader. barack, welcome to canada. translator: ladies and gentlemen, the president of the united states of america, barack obama. [applause] pres. obama: thank you so much. thank you very much. [applause] president obama: thank you. thank you so much. thank you. thank you. please. thank you so much. everyone have a seat. thank you so much. good evening. bonjour.

mr. prime minister, mr. speaker, members of the house, members of the senate, distinguished guests, people of canada, thank you for this extraordinary welcome. which tempts me to just shut up and leave. [laughter] president obama: because it can't get any better than this. [applause] president obama: obviously, i'm grateful for the warm welcome. i am extraordinarily grateful for the close working relationship and friendship with your outstanding prime minister, justin trudeau, and his extraordinary wife, sophie. but i think it's fair to say that much of this greeting is

simply a reflection of the extraordinary alliance and deep friendship between canadians and americans. justin, thank you for your very kind words, and for the new energy and hope that your leadership has brought to your nation, as well as to the alliance. my time in office may be nearing an end, but i know canada and the world will benefit from your leadership for years to come. [applause] so, canada was the very first country that i visited as president. it was in february. [laughter] president obama: it was colder. i was younger. [laughter] president obama: michelle now

refers to my hair as "the great white north." [laughter] president obama: and on that visit, i strolled around the market, tried a beaver tail, which is better than it sounds. [laughter] president obama: and i was struck then, as i am today, by the warmth of canadians. i could not be more honored to be joining you in this historic hall, this cathedral of freedom. and we americans can never say it enough. we can never ask for a better friend or ally than canada. [applause]

president obama: and we do not take it for granted. that does not mean we do not have our differences. as i understand it, one of the reasons the queen chose this site for parliament was that it was a safe distance from america's border. [laughter] president obama: and i admit, in the war of 1812, american troops did some damage to toronto. i suspect there were some people up here who did not mind when the british returned the favor and burned down the white house. [laughter] president obama: in more recent times, however, the only forces crossing our borders are the armies of tourists and business people and families, shopping and doing business and visiting loved ones. our only battles take place inside the hockey rink.

even there, there's an uneasy peace that is maintained. as americans, we, too, celebrate the life of mr. hockey himself, the late great gordie howe. [applause] president obama: just as canadians can salute american teams for winning more stanley cups in the nhl. [booing] [laughter] president obama: i told you i should have stopped after the applause. but in a world where too many borders are a source of conflict, our two countries are joined by the longest border of peace on earth. [applause]

president obama: and what makes our relationship so unique is not just proximity. it is our enduring commitment to a set of values, a spirit of alluded to by justin, that says, no matter who we are, where we come from, what our last names are, what faith we practice, here, we can make of our lives what we will. with the grit of pioneers and prospectors who pushed west across a forbidding frontier. the dreams of generations, immigrants, refugees, that were welcomed to these shores. the hope of runaway slaves, who went north on an underground railroad.

deep in our history of struggle, said dr. martin luther king, jr., canada was the north star. the freedom road links us together. we are bound as well by the service of those who defended us. at flanders field. the beaches of normandy. the skies of the balkans. and more recently, in the mountains of afghanistan, and training bases in iraq. and their sacrifice is reflected in the silent rows of arlington, and in the peace tower above us. today, we honor those who gave their lives for all of us. [applause]

president obama: we are linked together, as well, by the institutions that we built to keep the peace. the united nations, to advance our collective aspirations. a nato alliance, to ensure our security. norad, where americans and canadians stand watch, side-by-side. and to track santa on christmas eve. [laughter] president obama: we are linked by a vast web of commerce that carries goods from one end of this continent to another. and we are linked by the ties of friendship and family. in my case, an outstanding brother-in-law, from burlington. [applause]

president obama: i give burlington a shout out. our relationship is so remarkable, precisely because it seems so unremarkable, which is why americans often are surprised when our favorite american actor or singer turns out to be canadian. [applause] president obama: the point is, we see ourselves in each other, and our lives are richer for it. as president, i have deep the ened the ties between our countries. and because of the progress we made in recent years, i can say that the enduring partnership between canada and the united

states is stronger than has ever been, and we are closely -- more closely aligned than ever before. [applause] president obama: and yet, we meet at a pivotal moment for our nations and for the glow. from this vibrant capital, we can look upon a world that has benefited enormously from the international order that we helped build together. we can see that same order increasingly strained, by the accelerating forces of change. the world is, by almost every measure, less violent than ever before. but it remains riven by old divisions and fresh hatreds. the world's more connected than ev b