so i wanted -- there are a few points and wanted to address. there's been people calling in and i want them to go on youtube or go back someone the archives and listen to the arguments that were made against the integration of blacks into the military. mexican -- i am an african american, baltimore, maryland. i served in iraq. listening to the people with these arguments that are hopped up on nonsense and utter nonsense don't stand. when the one lady who was asking about tax dollars being spent on transgender when they are not being spent on veterans, the military budget is completely separate from the veterans budget. and the veterans budget does need to be increased a lot and it could be some judicial cuts made to the military budget.

the second point i wanted to make was about a caller talking about how a transgender person i guess his male counterpart if they were a male transgender. there is a wide variety of people who serve and they have different strengths and different weaknesses. i served with men who were born men who were 120 pounds or 130 pounds. they have certain height and weight standards. me being a large black man, being a larger man, period, they would not be able to carry me if they had my pack, their gear and my gear and i had gone down. we have people greater their strength, not a coating to the gender. and. i'm glad that the military is progressing in the way that some of our allies are progressing. i appreciate you taking a call. happy fourth of july. host: same to you, baltimore.

thanks to everybody who called on this friday edition of "the journal." will come back tomorrow at 7:00. we are getting started early with their fourth of july weekend programming. if you go to c-span 2, there will be the tv programming. and on c-span 3, all day history tv programming. it is the 40th anniversary of the national air and space museum. looks on c-span 2 and history on c-span 3. we will join an event in , a conferencenea on racial justice and education, especially with the backdrop of the presidential election out there. we will be on this event for a couple of hours. enjoy your day. happy fourth of july weekend. >> on top of that, we have , overlooked.oom one of the issues i have had with my educational experience

is the misrepresentation of natives in our history classes within our textbooks, within our curriculum. represented asen if we are not here anymore. we are no longer alive. we all died on the trail of tears. we are on a reservation. we don't exist anymore. that is in thing i have struggled with, having to speak up in the middle of class and say that that is not entirely right. tough trying to struggle with this falls curriculum that are students are taught -- that our students are taught. on top of that, there are all up.e things that add native americans are one of the only races that have to validate ourselves for some reason. you tell someone, oh, yeah, i'm native american. and they say, oh, you don't look native or how much or, well, i'm also native and my great great

grandmother was a cherokee princess, something. [laughter] i mean, really. for some reason, we have to validate ourselves. as a native youth, you go through life through all these struggles, all of these different things that build up. andy gets rough. it's emotional -- and it gets rough. it's emotional. >> thank you. . [applause] thank you for sharing your story. we will hear from ms. v.a. guess. >> i am one of many migrant students who work countless hours in the fields and traveled back and forth from state to state seasonally. my brother is undocumented. being his older sister, i want

to see him succeed and want to see him do the best and be the best that he can never be. however, because he is undocumented, he feels that being in this country he doesn't have options, that he doesn't have a dream and that his dreams don't count. and it's tough. weng to school with him, have both encountered so many racial slurs being attacked on for who we are and what we do, which is honorable work. is not something to be ashamed of at all. not something to be put down for. i remember going to class one and we actually had to go across the street where he was in middle school. i was in high school. and a kid in front of me yelled and said "look at that bean er. look at that beaner kicking the abballa he doesn't know how to play soccer."

and he was talking about my brother. i was looking to see who would intolerables language and nobody said a word. that hurt. that shocked me. how is this land supposed to be welcoming. but the people are not? i stood up and i said something because that was not going to be tolerated. that was something that i was not going to let everyone know that was ok for people to say. and i told him, you know what, that's my brother you are talking about. and in case you don't know, what you said was racist. and that is not ok. that wasn't the first time, however. a continued and i just with him, but with other caucasian females that were in school who would constantly tell me, you know what, you don't belong here. you need to go back and pick my apples. you need to go back to the field

where you belong because you do not belong here. as unfortunate as that may be, i did work in the fields and i still do. since i was 10 years old, i worked alongside with my parents, picking oranges, apples, tomatoes, every kind of fruit and vegetable you can imagine, because that is what we did. that is what we came to this country to do, to move our family ahead and to make them have a debtor future and have a better living than what my parents had. when i was preparing to graduate my senior year in high school, the earl j leonard high school inners can, florida, i had an incident with a guy who was also [indiscernible] when i approached her and talk to her about my dreams and aspirations of wanting to apply to michigan state university and that i wanted to go into law immigrationocus on and help everyone and help

everyone understand and educate them, she laughed at me and said, i'm sorry, you need to pause for a second. take a look at your life and your surroundings. michigan state is a big school and i think you should consider maybe community college. but you know what? let me think about it. she said, no, you might have to apply next year or the upcoming semester because right now will be too late for you. and you probably won't get in. . myself, you are latina and i'm latina. we are supposed to be helping each other. we are supposed to be pushing each other to do better. [applause] case.at was not the that was not the case in this matter. whatever her motivation was, it was not complete and it was not achieved because i went past that. [applause] because she wasn't helpful,

because she was unsupportive, i went to my migrant counselor, olga paras, who helped me and pushed me and still continues to do the work that she does with me with other students and because of her, i am where i am not just her, but another guy in michigan, in grand rapids, her who lovessa card working with migrant students and him always motivates us, someone who is not latina, but mycasian, help me achieve goals and continued to be motivated and determined and still does that to this day. because of people like her, i am where i am. clothingf the same that i had with pesticides walking around, attracting attention i did not need, i am where i am. but i am proud of what i did and what i still do walk -- working in the field along with my parents, being a migrant student, and breaking the mold

and breaking the sculpture that people want to see me as, i am where i am. [applause] >> where are you going to school right now? esbeydy: i attend michigan state university. [cheers and applause] host: thank you. ok. on to going to move blossom brown. blossom: good morning, everyone. i name is blossom brown. i am a southern belle from jackson, mississippi. i've always dealt with issues in

school. a lot of my issues were more in and college. in high school, it was dealing with my hiv status. in college, it was my gender identity. i went to a mostly black school that was impoverished. two weeks after my 17th birthday, there was a blood drive at school. people in the area needed blood and i thought it was a perfect time to help somebody. plus, i wanted to know what my blood type was. i gave blood. two weeks later, i got a call at home. my mother answered the phone at first. they didn't want to speak to her. they had to speak to me. when you are 17 in mississippi, you are considered an adult with your medical records. they told what my blood type was and they said you need to come in for further testing. i'm, like, what's going on? your testes saying that you are hiv-positive but we need you to come in and to make sure. mother, who was

obviously devastated, and we went down to the health clinic together. when i got there, they basically told me that my blood had been tested six times and that i was hiv-positive. this was two weeks after my 17th birthday. my motherhard to see shed tears, my mother so disappointed in me and me disappointed in myself. and i had to take that back to my school. in the black community at school, hiv is not a [indiscernible] i decided to tell my friends because i wanted to be open and honest. and the people i thought were my friends really were not because they did nothing but laugh at me. they talked about me behind my back. rumors got around school about my hiv status. and one of my favorite teachers, who happened to be wide, said how stupid are you to go around and tell your hiv status. back to me, i got try to recant everything because i did not want to go into my senior year having to deal with

that. i pretended that i had diabetes instead. i recanted everything. . so going into college, i had the issue of dealing with my gender identity. my mother, at the time, would not have approved of me living is my true authentic self. when i went to college, i would dress as a woman, but i would come home dressed as a boy because i did not want to let my mother to find out. i started applying to nursing school. the first time, i did not get in. maybe i need to change my atp school or get my grades up or something. after about three more times, i still. -- still did not get in. i asked someone who did get in what she did and she said i apply -- she had a much lower gpa than me. i applied and i got in. and guess what. she was white. of course.

disappointed, i had to go to the university level. i attended. the university of mississippi for women. i got put on the waiting list. by then, i had to push my major. i ended up falling love with public health. but the issues i had were campus life. i was housed in a coed dorm but in a male hall. and that is one of the most traumatizing experiences ever. people who had never been , physically never been exposed to transgender people, coming up to me, trying to get a good look, laughing at me and feeling all alone and no one would help. luckily, my sweet maid, who was a guy, was the first person who my suite friend --

mate, who was a guy, was my first person who became my friend. college, i began to do work with the human rights campaign, which eventually would caitlynto be on the jenner show on "i am caitlin," and i was able to share my story beut not being able to accepted to nursing school. "the also able to be on ellen agenda show." this would lead me to getting my bachelors degree in public health. the first transgender woman of color to graduate from my university. [applause] however, after everything, when i got back to my school, there was no word of my competence at all. nothing on the computer, nothing on the school website, the bulletin board or anything.

however, there were two culinary school students who got a $20,000 scholarship and they were white. their faces were plastered on the school's website, on the bulletin board. and i thought to myself have always it two culinary students with a $20,000 scholarship with who are white get the attention, but a famous talkshow host who decided to give me a $20,000 ownership and i'm black could not get that same attention. that to this day still bothers me. , itver, i feel as an alum is my duty to protect the next transgender or gender nonconforming student there. i still feel the pain, but it's racism. and is something that we all have to deal with and it was something i had to deal with. but i'm willing to help the next person so they wouldn't have to go through this. [applause]

>> thank you, blossom. dudley iii.e alfred alfred: hello, everyone. for visualhe center and performing arts, one of the many programs at the high school. there are many programs like that. there wereeachers beyond exceptional. they were everything that i needed to use education as an

escape from the environment or just as an opportunity for me to get where i wanted to be in life. they literally give me support. they challenged me to actually come emotionally, artistically, almost every regard. with their help, i was able to get into the school of art in new york. -- the culturerk shock moving from prince george county to new york was a little jarring for me. on an artistic level and on a physical level. pg, we know all the officers by name. they live in the area. and if you are caught doing anything -- i was not really caught doing anything -- [laughter] but if you are caught doing anything, they know you and they call your mom and you get sent home probably. whereas in new york, you are stopped, sniffed -- i said

sniffed -- and hopefully you escape arrest. count how many times i have been stopped and sniffed by dogs on the subway, on the street, literally in every borough, too. that was really different from pg where i am just another person. my identity is sound good to me falling into a larger sphere or spectrum of individuals who look like me, talk like me, at like me, and are of the same disposition. to new york, especially in a very different scenario, the environment was on to you the same way that people usually respond to digital media for the only association or experience they have with a person of color like myself, who looks like myself, who is 6'2" is black, you know, [indiscernible] so i was suspect on the streets. i was also suspect in the

classroom. . the way that education words, as we all know, while you are teaching summary math, engineering, science, history, you are also inputting your biases based on, well, how racism affects your mind in relation to the subjects. for example, art, if a white student were to come in, bring in a painting of a flower and now this flowers all about beauty and the technical aspects of the flower and this artist just thinks flowers are beautiful. whereas i bring a flower or any student of color brings in a flower, it is all about my racial identity represented through a flower. [laughter] that is really annoying, first off. [cheers and applause] but it's also disheartening when you bring in work that is about

identity, right? and you get the opposite effect. example, i read "between the world and me." portrait to bring in a of the author juxtaposed with a canon. i was looking for a reaction. not, oh, my god, it's a black man. like, i would like to engage with this media and juxtapose and let's talk about it. and i got the treatment that the white flower guy. who is this guy? we don't really know. let's move on and talk about how it looks and that's at a pretty-ish. that is disheartening, when your entire identity is example five through some form of artwork is not able to be engaged in merely because the people were there, who are predominantly white, have no expense with that. and the only thing they do have

is the idea that you are more than likely the criminal element and this is probably her uncle or the one black teacher who comes through sometimes. it's exhausting, constantly being viewed as an outside entity, like i am other there. and constantly being an outsider and having to explain yourself and put yourself on full display is not only humbling, but terribly uncomfortable in every case scenario. >> thank you, alfred. [applause] next up, we have eve gomez.

>> first, i want to thank everyone for sharing with us. e gomez.s my first name is french and my last in his portuguese. but i came here with my parents from india. i press came to this country wanting to provide me and my brother with a future that they never had. i think it's great that we are honoring ourselves and you're giving us of the space s students. but i must acknowledgment really reason i am here is because my father, who did not have a formal education, but as an aside come in this country, he was able to get a work permit work in a able to dignified union job. he worked in this very hotel. [applause]

and i think that is so important because, in wake of what happened last week with the supreme or decision, millions of undocumented families who would now have the ability to work legally are still being denied that right. so for my father, what that man that's what that meant is the time that he put in the hotel, 12 to 14 hours, he was able to put my mother through her education. my mother was able to get her degree in computer science. she was able to start teaching as a computer science teacher. and we were able to make that shift from a working-class poor family to the american middle class. so growing up, my brother and i had a very comfortable living. but in 2006, that all changed. in 2006, the courts decided that are case for asylum would no longer be appealed. for the first time ever, we became undocumented. meant that, for the first

time, my family would start to live like what 99% of our families -- are docked -- our undocked many families look like. he started working under the table at a restaurant and my quite her phd studies in computer science and start volunteering in the community. father, one summer evening, was pulled over for a blown taillight. and the following week, august 9, 2008, 6:00 in the morning on saturday, immigration and customs and form smith -- and customs enforcement raided our apartment. that was a less sum i saw my father. i remember seeing him walked out the door in handcuffs. he turned to me and he said you have to be strong. you have to be strong for your mom. you have to be strong for your father. that was the last day i saw him. for the next six months, he was held in immigration detention in

texas before he was deported back. so my mother was able to retain an attorney and she was able to get a one-year extension on her case. but under the condition that she would waer a tracking anklet as if she were some animal. i remember walking into the immigration office. the officer showed us a paper they were not supposed to show a spirit a classified my mother is high risk to this nation because of her education. what that is telling me is someone who always looked my that aas a role model, grown woman living in the united states post-9/11, because of her education, she is still a threat. both of my parents were deported in 2009. in same fate awaited me

2010. i was allowed to graduate high school and not be deported. i had tremendous support for my teachers, my counselors. one of my teachers is here today, ms. atkins. [applause] i had tremendous support for my high school counselors, my friends. they rallied around me. they petitioned for my stay. deportation my date, i was deferred in 2010. i thought that process was also very interesting because, although my community that new may supported me unconditionally, the intention and the things i would get from the outside was really interesting. so as a south asian person who is undocumented, i remember, in my story, saying, look, i am not criminal. i am hard-working. i would also say -- people would

you tried to come the right way. that is not as bad. i remember one time i was on a someone whoth happen to be a white protestant minister. is a great guy, a great student. i let him stay in this cousin -- this country barring one thing. if he is muslim, he has to go back. i remember being on the show saying, no, no, i'm christian. but on retrospect, what i've learned is i don't find it a confident that i basically said, look, i'm not criminal. and in doing that, basically it says i'm not black. because in this country, from what my black peers have told me is that they backing criminal is synonymous. when people say that he tried to come here legally, i did not

take into consideration the trauma that my latino brothers and sisters go through when there parents risk their lives to come to this country. by saying i wasn't muslim, i wasn't critically analyzing that these are my own people. and the reason people migrate is u.s. foreign policies. [applause] and i think that is very telling, right? as a thought -- as a south asian person that people would say, weight, but you don't look mexican. [laughter] i say that jokingly now, but it just shows how ingrained these ideas are driven into us. and it's important to have a systemic analysis of racism. it is beyond interpersonal. . i'm so glad to be here today with you as educators because

systemic racism is now manifesting itself in the attack on public education. the fact that your job can be attacked, the fact that my education can be attacked, the fact that my people can be taken up in immigration raids on the -- we know that is not the case. as peopleat because we must work together, we must thek critically, not beyond personal, to analyze things on the larger scale, a you know if you are going to be sitting up there on behalf of the students them you are going to go on strike, student will be right next to you.

[applause] >> thank you, yves. i wanted to thank the panel, and i wanted to fit with where there has been a lot of emotion stirring through these stories, and i wanted to recognize them and to think of where all that is in our bodies right now. we should be mindful of that. as our analysts were speaking, and in this theory of racial justice, there are so many theories, how do we understand the experience we go through, right, and some of the theories some of these

little things -- and we spent the last couple weeks working together. yesterday we had conversations. one of the things that came up, how often we are told how outspoken and articulate we are, you do not even look mexican. ande are so many ways -- these statements are sent as though they are compliments, but they are painful. they say something. you are the exceptional one, the one who got out. what does that mean about the people who did not, about that people who want to pull us out of our communities when we insist on we are part of our communities, we do the work we are doing, and we are granted -- grounded in who we are.

editing that came up, what does it mean to be -- to have teachers talk about you as if you no longer exist. the implicit bias, and the ways people, we perceive make assumptions about the capacities about what they can achieve, assumption about what their desires are entertainment -- desires and their commitment. maybe community college -- what is going on in that person that that theyocalize that can say that about another brown woman. thishen this idea of down of the model minority and how they fit us against each other, and how it serves no one.

it serves racism. it does not serve communities of color. we wanted to go on to holding some space to go back into some of these painful moments and to sit with that for a bit, not with the intention of fetishizing pain or to display, but to name the ways in which systemic racism causes pain, that it is in fact in our body. i am going to start with dakota. i would like to go back to the point you made earlier -- where the body when you are sitting in the classroom and people are talking about native americans as if they know longer exist? what does that mean to be the survivor of genocide? kota: i would like to connect

this question was something i educatorsier when our were responding to the questions . it was something that i heard, that our native students do not get the benefits that they have on the reservation when they .eave i will be honest. i'm not trying to call anybody out, but that struck a nerve with me because 93% of our native american students that attend public schools off of reservations, are known as urban natives. we live in urban settings, not all this live on reservations. i do not know what benefits were being discussed on the reservation because if you go through kind raised in south dakota, if you look at the living conditions, the

conditions of the schools, it is as if those people are living in a thorough-world company that any third-world company. it struck a nerve -- in a third-world country. native americans get checks from dizziness they have, native americans do not have to pay taxes. that is not the case at all. not all have casinos. it is not the case. we live regular lifestyle as everybody else, and oftentimes in the classroom, our native students go unnoticed, sitting there hearing teachers talk , nativetive students americans as if we are all dead, we no longer exist. it is frustrating. it really is. sitting in the back of the classroom area teachers go on about the trail of tears and little bighorn and all of these things cometh a we all died --

these things, that we all died. it is tiring. a lot of time our native students are already struggling with a historical trauma we suffered from genocide to boarding schools. all of our native students are being raised by grandparents who actually had to deal with boarding schools, who were put into the institutions that cut their hair, the way they are the state, killed indian, save the the motto.as our grandparents are having to deal with this historical trauma and teaching our kids that, so we have these problems with the education system as needed students because of the history we have experienced. we are put in the classroom and you do not existed and were, it is frustrating, it really is.

you as educators, we need to start teaching our students, non-native and native like, that we are still alive. we are in 67 federally recognized tribes across the united states and so many unrecognized tribes. some tribes were not recognized until 2009. teaching students we're still here, still alive, taking them on field trips to learn about our native tribes, to bring in native speakers into the classroom, teach us about modern native americans. we do not all live on the reservation, we did not all died. we are still here. we had great leaders. great native leaders today, so we need to teach our students about them and teach them that we are still here. thank you. [applause]

mr. lozano: i would like to go back with that moment with the high school counselor with the latina. i have had experiences myself when i was in college and in public school, people talking fatherecause my was an immigrant, let's bring you down a bit and see what your aspirations are tell me when someone who was mirroring you -- what does it need went and other latina turns her back to you? >> when she told me that i was latino,d because as a we are all united, we try to help everyone else. not within the spanish and latino community, but we want to help everybody else. one and to push every

feel motivated to go above and beyond. when she told me i do not know what you are thinking, maybe we could take a look at your life, i thought, this is something someone that does not like my race will probably say. what are you saying this? i thought about this sculpture that people want to fit me in, seeing me as a migrant student. i cannot see a migrant student going to a top university, i cannot see a minor student about what he or she can do. and i did not want her to think that because she left in my .ace, i would put myself down, because she laughed at me, i took that as motivation, and she was beating the all these native thoughts and i said i was going to prove you wrong because you

are not right. this is not right, what you are doing. [applause] villega: with that, having her being the guidance counselor she was the i was supposed to go to her for help, for guidance to be on the right past. goings pushing me toward backwards and not going forward and not being the best that i can be. thatas not going to be person that i could look up to, who i could ask guidance. i did not go to hurt anymore. advisors, because i said, if she is not going to help me, who is? to drivesomeone needs me because she has let go of the wheel, you know? lozano: thank you.

toould like to go back college, to the university of as a transi woman and the only trans woman on campus the to live in a male dorm, that experience. >> that was one of the worst experiences ever because the state of mississippi says if you surgery, youyour have to live in the dorm that you were born to basically. if you were born male, you have to live in the male dorm. it was traumatizing when they had meetings you have to walk into a room with nothing but man, and they look at you, and you want to break down and cry, and have to literally run away from the room, it is very traumatizing.

it was very traumatizing just having experienced on campus. in the trauma, i have to be actually grateful for the educators who actually helped the along the way. everybodyshout out to at the university of mississippi for women, my professors, when i had the internship, when i could not find one, my professor -- so i could graduate. [applause] would check on me when ever it was really stressful. those educators i look up to. as i looked into this room of the wonderful educators here, i encourage you, reached out to your transgendered dunes before we reach out to you. really reach out. iansgender suicide are had all the hype.

a lot of it has to do because we do not feel like we have a state space. create those safe spaces for your transgendered and gender nonconforming student's. you never know you are saving someone's life, and i am living proof today that it can't happen, that you can graduate, that you are just like everyone else. zano: thank you. i am reminded of what is going on in north carolina with gender people and not being able to use the restroom. and the risk because of how the andd perceives them come the risk of being attacked, or they get arrested as they go world- living in a binary where trans bodies are being

placed. thank you -- are being released. thank you, thank you. you are an activist and i want to bring that movement into this room. to follow up on what you talked about earlier in terms of your -- you grew up in a community of all of who you are gets to be honored and affirmed, and you moved to another space where suddenly you are suspect. i was wondering if you could possibly connect what is that standard of body, and as an artist, how do you evoke that? mr. dudley: it is difficult

because most of my emotions are at a specific extreme. oftentimes i'm at a point of pure angst. or in newike spaces york there is a rally every three weeks. people are dying constantly. we could list them off. and to go to those spaces, to be there, to be loud, to have the opportunity to express yourself, i feel like that is one of my premier outlets of just how i feel. everyone, we will go, that is what we do. theram there, i feel agency. i feel like i am a part of a or as, grander theme,

jesse williams said in his own ward, the system test in his in his award, this will not stand unless we stand with it, and we refuse to do that. to me,ives matters, is people taking things in their own hands and i will take this bemy own hands and i will out here, loud, in your face, and we will create a break in the unfortunate flow that is the current black mr. lozano: thank you. thank you. [applause] yves, in the conversation that we have been having over these last couple weeks and yesterday, and one of

the things we talked about, the fear of coming out as an undocumented, and one of the things we talked yesterday was language, and language that people use to talk about undocumented people. could you speak to the term illegal and the place where that's it when that word it that where that sits when that word is used. gomes: when i first came out, it was one of my counselors, and she called me down to her office, and she was, what have you not yet applied? that was the first time i came out, and i was stumbling for words because i did not know how to describe my condition. to say, i am illegal, if i had said that, it feels so

dehumanizing. a holocaust survivor said no human being is illegal. so i thought about it. murphy, i do not know how to say this, i do not have legal status of you, and i was terrified when i said that her because i was so afraid of being judged. my counselor was completely empathetic, and she was able to directly toward resources i had available. she said this community colleges does not care about your immigration status. you can still go to school, and when is comforting to me did not know if i was going to still be here in this country. they said,elors, brother, keep applying to all these schools. i said, i do not see the point. he encouraged me to apply to

schools. that is illegal, something we should take out our vocabulary, and it is not something that we are -- [applause] gomes: it is not something we added into our vocabulary. it is something that is ingrained. i want to go back to what i said earlier about addressing the idea of this element of criminality on us, the fact that i had to decline being black latino, or muslim, these are the communities are in the process of math incarceration -- massincarceration, detention. i would encourage us to be mindful of the fact that language is powerful. [applause] lozano: thank you. eight quick shout out -- a quick

the center that to stope media outlets referring to undocumented people as illegals. [applause] lozano: right now, the staff and volunteers who are picking up questions, if you could do your rounds. [indiscernible] >> we have been breeding you

coverage of this conference on racial justice -- we have been bringing you coverage of this covers on racial justice. later onreturns c-span. in a couple moments we will bring remarks from loretta lynch who will be speaking to attendees at the aspen ideas festival, and she will talk about policing, criminal justice reform, and the hillary clinton e-mail probe. will support the recommendations of prosecutors in that investigation. see the attorney general's remarks at 11:00 a.m. eastern on c-span. on july 1, 1976, the national air and space museum opened its doors to the public, with president ford on hand. today marks the 40th anniversary can and live coverage against at 6:00 p.m. on c-span3.

aviationee space and artifacts. live events in front of the building. learn more as we talk with the museum's director, the museum and chair of the museum's space history department. live this evening at 6:00 3's american-span history tv. discussion from the manhattan institute. here is more from that event. ianthis is a very wilson

point. the bonds to keep us healthy ache us smarter, stronger. a terrible thing about nonemployment is you break those bonds. you are away in your home, watching television. you lose all the networks that all of us have around us. this has a catastrophic impact on life satisfaction. it also has impact on divorce rates. this is the most editable version of this. but thisrom finland, thousandes per marrieds. a massive increase. if you look across income, between one and five, there is almost no difference. income is not causing this

difference. it is the social disconnections that is so powerful. drug use, very moderate effects on income, very large effects on being unemployed. massive difference here. this is for my own work on opioid deaths. we looked at the relationship of the rise of deaths and this year the population on disability in 1991. it is the variable data set that much of the population was -- --re are several things joblessness, hopelessness, the things that happened with this ability as well. >> a portion of a presentation held last week why the manhattan institute. he will show the entire event tonight signing at 8:00 eastern on these been. july weekend, of

three days on nonfiction books and authors. besides writer discusses her book about the women who propelled us from missiles, to the moon, to mars, where she chronicles an elite group of women and their contributions to space exploration. she is interviewed by lisa rand. >> they calculated the potential of different rocket propellant, forthey did trajectories early missiles, the corporal and the sergeant, and then these changed when the space race happen and when nasa was warm. and then the women's roles began to change it, and ended up becoming the lab's first

computer programminers. one of them still works at nasa today. >> on sunday, live with sebastian junger. a discussion on his latest book, "tribe." "war."lso the author of a 9:00 p.m., part two of special interview with mark green, author of "bright, infinite future." eastern, at 2:30 p.m. a tour of the harsh collection housed at the chicago public library's woodson regional branch.

go to booktv.org. this american history tv july 4 weekend, this evening, at 6:00, live at the smithsonian's national air and space museum for its 40 anniversary. we will see one-of-a-kind aviation and space facts and speak with the museum's director. we will talk with a museum curator and that chair of the museum's space history department. we will take your phone calls, e-mails, and tweaks. >> julia ward howe focused on whichsition as a mother, is what is driving her support for suffrage. her position as a mother to say that women are different than men, that women really can do society better than men have done. heather richardson on women

in politics in the late 19th century and the growth of political organizations run by women that focused on prohibition and women's suffrage. 1968y at 10:00, the republican and democratic national conventions. >> resolute, strong without being arrogant, and that is the kind of america that will help peace of thise world. >> the time has come so that we climb the mountain, see a new dawn for peace and freedom in the world. >> richard nixon accepted the nomination in miami beach, and hubert humphrey accepted the democratic nomination in chicago. monday evening, ruth bader ginsburg and sonja sotomayor

share stories about the current supreme court food traditions. urg: we toast the birthday boy or girl and sing "happy birthday," and we're missing our leader because truth be told most of them cannot carry a tune. [laughter] court curatorme will talk about green court culinary customs. for a complete schedule, go to www.c-span.org. in a moment we will go live to the aspen ideas festival to hear remarks from loretta lynch, expected to start in just a moment. live coverage here on c-span. [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2016] [captioning performed by the

national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. visit ncicap.org] >> recently we spoke with a withter who spoke rocket lawmakers who decided not to go to the convention in cleveland. >> a list of no-shows that is growing for the gop. safe to say based on your story, this will not be your a father's convention. going to be the most unstable convention in a long time. so many past sponsors will be not there. so many lawmakers who are facing difficult reelections will not

be there. busho former presidents will not be there. mitt romney and john mccain, the last two republican nominees, cannot not be there. what does that tell you? >> we are going to see it at this gathering. it is one thing when the unpopular incumbent president stays as george w. bush did in 2008 how bill clinton did in 0's al gore nomination. same thing for mccain, and rummy has made it clear -- ann romney has made it clear that he is a -- and romney has made it clear nathema.

it promises to be an awkward affair. we are still two or three weeks out for most of it, but we do not have a sense of who is going to speak and who is going to entertain at how they are going to fill those days of events that usually -- most of c-span's eric fanning and the cable news newsrtime and the cable networks deal with every night. >> donald trump called ted cruz lyin'ted cruz. hein the case of cruz, probably will not be invited to speak. i would think, given the unsettled nature of things, and under the current rules, would be allowed to be placed in the nomination, cruz will be there.

rubio has said he will be happy to help needy capacity. now he is running for reelection in the senate and he does not favor president trump or president clinton so whether he gets the spot will be clear. ben carson and chris christie have been two of his most and enthusiastic supporters. >> we're talking with ed o'keefe. who isporate sponsors -- helping out this year and which companies are saying we are not interested? >> i looked at the top donors to the 2012 republican convention and work through the list, and discovered that some of those had sponsored back then, including amgen, general ,lectric, for, all said -- ford

all are not doing it. they are also not doing it in philadelphia. google will be there. the american petroleum institute will be doing things. coca-cola. that is less of a group than in the past. they have been facing pressure group named color of change, say if you want to be associated with a party who has said such awful things about immigrants, women, banning muslims in the country, you go right ahead and you can anticipate a boycott from a lot of your would-be customers. a lot of these companies have seen pressure and want to stay away from the hot political gear it is, figuring it could be bad for business. >> your story points out the insurrection among delegates who do not want to see trump as the nominee. is there anything there? >> i do not know.

what started as something that it could pick up steam, has fizzled. you have got a two-step process. this is an idea that would allow the delegates to them to vote their conscience instead of perfecting the views of the caucuses or primaries held in their states, which is what they are supposed to do. that is open to interpretation. you want to get it through the 112-member rules committee, and that panel looks like they may have no more than 10 people supporting this proposed change. if it were to get out of that committee, which looks unlike, it would have to get to the floor and would have to get the same number that donald trump would have to get. while there may be as they claim hundreds of supporters who are in theory like this idea, if you cannot clear this first hurdle,

it is going to be very hard for this proposal to advance i think more than anything it reflects a small minority of the party is very concerned about this and is trying to do something to stop it. the only people who can do it who areal delegates, running this organization trying to do this, but they are not coming up with the vote needed. wantsald trump glitz in cleveland. thank you for being with us. >> take care, steve. >> we will take you live to remarks from loretta lynch. she will be speaking to folks at the aspen ideas festival. she will talk about the hillary clinton e-mail program. you can see the remarks in just a few moments. we are just told she is running

a tiny bit late, but we will have it live on c-span. while we wait, he will show you a discussion from this morning's "washington journal" on donald trump. our next guest this morning is from cincinnati. he is ken blackwell, senior fellow of the family research council and former elected official in the state of ohio, mayor of cincinnati and treasurer and secretary of state for ohio. good morning. guest: good morning. good to be with you. host: thank you for joining us. the reason we ask you to come on is that you and others attended a meeting with donald trump in new york. a meeting with christian leaders. tell us about the meeting. but was the goal? how many people were there and what was it like? a series ofs meetings, some small, one large of about 1000 social and christian conservatives. it was a conversation with

donald trump. one in a larger group, and others in a series of small conversations, where folks were sort of taking his measure. this was not a meeting or series of meetings for the objective of endorsing donald trump, nor was it an inquisition. filled, ait was conversation basically trying to provide an opportunity for social and christian conservatives, leaders in their own right to take the measure and see if they could get comfortable with the candidacy. there were those who had already the meetings,of but the large majority were undecided, and this was the opportunity for them to interact and take as much. that one of the

themes was religious liberty. what did mr. trump say about that particular topic and what does it mean to you? guest: let me give you context. aristotle, folks have been concerned about the organized power of the state and the tension with individual liberties, and within the context of religious liberty and the american context, religious liberty is one of the most important fundamental human rights that we exercise in this country because it is not only worshipingving are in a church, it is about how we can live our lives in the public with ournsistent seeefs, so folks wanted to if he was up to the measure of

putting the harness on the organized power of the state, which we have done for over 240 years in constitutional governance. the constitution is harness on the intrusion and concentrated power of government, so we wanted to take his measure. casey constitutionalist -- is he a constitutionalist? does he believe? in the limits of the constitution places on government does he believe in the separation of powers -- does he believe in the limits of the constitution places on government? does he believe in the separation of powers? i think that was answered because he had preempted that question by announcing his list of prospective candidates, so people wanted to take a look there. they wanted to see if in fact he

was ready to defend the practice of religion in the public square , but most of the folks there were christians, so they wanted to see if they would put me halt to an assault on the little sisters of the poor or on christians who were small business owners who want to have their business is guided by the fundamental beliefs, so for me, going back to your question, religious liberty is one's ability to live their faith in the public square without the fear of the heavy hand of government. i happen to believe that religious liberty is an expression of the human conscious, and as a former u.s. ambassador to the united nations in charge of the human rights forfolio and apathy

fundamental rights like religious liberty, i was there to see if i can get comfortable with donald trump's position on religious liberty of the constitution and restraint on the power of government in particular. host: let me put the phone numbers on the bottom of the screen. just two numbers, one for evangelical voters, (202)-748-8000. everyone else, your number is (202)-748-8001. we get to calls in a moment for ken blackwell. just continuing this laminate, -- continuing for a minute, did you get comfortable with what you heard from donald trump? i will point out that in may, you wrote a piece urging a slow walking embarq embrace or your embrace of mr. trump. but did you take away from this? comfortable more

with donald trump and his position on the constitution, his position on restraints on judicial activism, and i was taken by the fact that he never pretended to be an evangelical himself, but he did profess belief in the bible and most importantly, he was ready to our rights to exercise our legislative or the in the public square. i am from the old school. i will defend everyone's just sotional right long as their exercise of their religious liberty doesn't pose a violence ort of restraint on the practice of religion by others. i wanted to be very comfortable with his concern about islamic

jihadists and make sure that strokesn't a broad against muslims in general because you cannot profess to be for religious liberty but then be against, in general, the practice of islam, judaism or hinduism, so i can away watching how he had started to calibrate his concern about religious liberty as it applied to his concern to protect the national security of the country and the safety of americans in their home in neighborhoods. host: calls in the moment for ken blackwell. does this mean you and organization are endorsing donald trump at this point and who did you go for the primaries? independent in the

primaries. i was an advocate and a principal advisor to an organization called our principals, who was in fact looking at all the candidates against fundamental principles religiousutionalism, liberty and limited government, so that was my job to at least put up the screen for folks to judge the candidates in the primaries. how close areor you to an endorsement of donald trump at this point? clear let me just be very , elections are about choices. isnow that hillary clinton running on a third term of barack obama. that means she is running on increasing the debt, increasing the intrusiveness and size of the government and the welfare state in general. she is running against the

interest of people who are actually wanting all of the freedoms of the constitution, including the second amendment, >> we will leave this here and go live to attorney general barrasso lynch. -- attorney general loretto lynch -- loretta lynch. >> thank you for being here this morning. you have aaid, reputation having highest integrity, utmost, solid judgment. so when people heard what went down in phoenix, a lot of people were saying,ckers what on earth was she thinking, talking to bill clinton?

what on earth were you thinking? what happened. that's what happened? ms. lynch: that is a question that is called by what happened in phoenix because people have also wondered and raised questions about my role in the ultimate resolution of matters involving the investigation of the state department e-mails. to the extent people have questions about that, my meeting with him raises questions and concerns. believe me, i completely yet that question. and i think it is the question of the day. the issue is again what is my role and how that -- and how that matter is going to be resolved? let me be clear on how that will be resolved. we usually do not go into those deliberations, but it is important people see what that

process is like. the matter is being handled by career agents and investigators with justice. tenure. predates your ms. lynch: they are acting independently. they follow the law, the fact. that team will make findings, will come up with a chronology. they will make recommendations how to resolve what those facts lead to. the recommendations will be reviewed by career supervisors in the department of justice and the fbi and the fbi director. and then they presented to me and i fully expect to accept their recommendations. >> you fully expect to accept the recommendations. one thing people were saying this morning when the news broke was that you were recusing yourself from having any kind of role in the final determination.

is that the case? lynch: refusal would mean that i would not be briefed on what the findings would be. while i do not have a role in making those recommendations how to go forward, i will be briefed on it and i will be accepting their recommendations. this must beay, the journalist and linguist in here, madamng means attorney general, here are our findings, and then you accept them and issue them to the public, or you accept them, look them over and make your determination as to what these final determinations will be? ms. lynch: the final determination will be contained in the report, and in what they provide to me. their world be a review of the

investigations, what they had found, and it will be there determination how they feel the case should proceed. >> when you say there will be a review, the review will be done by you once you accept the recommendations and determinations -- : i am about how this case will be resolved. this will be resolved by the team that worked on it from the beginning. supervisors will be career people in the department of fbi will review it, including the fbi director of the that will be finalization of the factual findings come but the next steps. >> interesting, several times now you have said career prosecutors, career officials. why are you making that very hard distinction? ms. lynch: a lot of the

questions i have gotten over the last several months about my role in this investigation and what it would likely be was a question or concern about whether someone who was a political appointee would be involved in deciding how to investigate a matter or what something meant or how should the case proceed going forward. as i have always said, this matter would be handled by career people who are independent. they live from administration to administration. their role is to follow the law and make determinations as to what the next steps should be. in my role as attorney general, there are cases that come up to me. i am informed of them from time to time. generated a lot of attention. i will be informed of those findings as opposed to never reading or see them. i will be accepting their

recommendations and their plan for going forward. >> "the new york times" reported back in april that what you're talking about right now was already being considered. so the question is, before president clinton boarded your arizona, and you already made a determination that what you are announcing today is what you are going to do? nch: yes, i made the determination that would be the process. i get this question a lot. as i have set on occasion about why we do not talk about ongoing investigations, it is to preserve the integrity of that investigation. we typically do not talk about the process by which we make decisions, and i have provided that response. it is a situation because i didn't have that meeting, it has raised concerns, i feel, and while i can't say this matter

will be handled like any other, it will be resolved like any other, as it was always going to be, people need the information about exactly how that resolution will come about in order to know what that means ultimatet that in the decision of the department of justice. >> back to my first question, what were you thinking question, but i put a different spin on it and asked, when you are on your plane -- having been in washington a while and knowing how protocol works, you land, folks get off, you get off, for all sorts of reasons cannot but it is very fast. and in on your plane, walks the former president of the united states. what were you thinking at that moment? we lynch: he said hello, and basically said hello, and i congratulate him on his grandchildren, as people tend to do.

it led to a conversation about those grandchildren who do sound great. about to a conversation his travels, and he told me what he had been doing in phoenix and various things. and we spoke about the former attorney general janet reno. it was a social meeting, and it really was in that regard. he spoke to me, spoke to my husband, and then we moved on. as i have said before, i do think that no matter how i viewed it, understand how people view it, and i think because of that and because of the fact it has now cast a shadow how this case may proceed, it is important to talk about how it will be resolved, important to make it clear that that eating with president clinton does not have a hearing on how this matter will be reviewed, resolved, and accepted by me.

that's the question that it raises. no matter how i viewed the meeting, what is important to me is how do people viewed the department of justice because of that meeting, how do people view the team that is working on this case because of that meeting, how do people viewed the work that we do every day on behalf of the american people, which we strive to do with integrity and independence. that is the question for me, and that is why i felt it was important to about what impact that meeting had on the case, which it will not, or to explain we have to talk about how it will be resolved. >> you have known president clinton for a long country he was the one who appointed you to be u.s. attorney for the eastern district in 1999. i am wondering, you have a relationship, is what i am trying to get at in terms of long-standing professional relationships. you would be well within your right to say, get off my plane.

what are you doing here? not telling the former president of the united states to leave the premises? ms. lynch: the issue is how does whatpact the work i do and the department of justice does. i certainly would not do it again, because it has cast a shadow over something it will not touch. it is important to talk about how this matter will be resolved and how the review how the determination and decisions will be made. sayn't say it is -- i can it is going to be handled by career people, but unless people have insight into the process, they will not be able to evaluate that. the most important thing for me as attorney general is the integrity of the department of justice and the fact tha

meeting that i had is testing a shadow on how people will view that work is something i take seriously and deeply and painfully. i think it is important to provide as much information as we can so people can't have a full view of how we do our work have a full can view of how we do our work. >> of course what has happened as a result of this, there are people out there in the world who are saying, this is an example of the system that is rate against the rest of us. you just said this whole incident has been painful, is one of the words you used. what would you say to the thatcan people who believe this is an example of washington rigged against them? wholench: people have a host of reasons about how we can government do business and how

we handle matters. i think i understand that my meeting on the plane with former president clinton could give them another reason questions and concerns also. that is something -- and that is where i said it was painful to me, because the integrity of justice is important, and look at the work we do, the matters we work on every day, a high-profile matter, or the victims we deal with everyday, at the people we protect every day, because that is our mission. yes, that is people to me. think it is important we provide as much information as we can so people can't have faith and confidence in the work of the department and the work of the people who carry on this work every way. >> last question. so when might we expect your acceptance of these findings and determinations?

are we looking at weeks, months, days? lynch: i do not know that because i do not have that insight into the nuts and bolts of the investigation at this point in time. they are working on it very hard . they are working hard to make sure they are as thorough as they can be, that they have covered every angle, have looked at every issue. they are doing the work of the people in the department of justice to every day. i could not be more proud of that work and i could not be more proud to present at work to the american people when this matter is resolved and we can let people know the conclusion of this investigation. >> moving on. [applause] keep in mind, this sitdown has been on the book for several weeks, months. you were going to talk of a criminal justice reform.

you have been out west, making your way back east, going to various communities talking about some of the findings and things people are doing vis-a-vis the president's task force on 21st century policing. i read the report. in there thatote captures why this commission was important. the executive director of the washington state criminal justice training commission. she wrote, in 2012, we began asking the question why are we training police officers like soldiers? the missions and rules of engagement are completely different. a soldier's mission is that of a warrior, to conquer. the rules of engagement are decided before the battle. the role of the police officer is that of a guardian, to be involved as the incident unfolds.

how did we get from police to being guardians who protect to what many consider as a domestic military force occupy neighborhoods? be differentt will in every community but that is one of the underlying concerns i have heard as i travel the country. immunity residents who say we don't have a connection to our local police force. they simply patrol and do not connect with us. my goal on the tour that i just 2016hed, both in 2015 and was to find those communities where communities and law enforcement were working together and making positive change, and were working on the format where the police are, in fact, the guardians of the community. whye are a host of reasons training went one way. we were talking several years ago about a huge influx of narcotics in our communities. that has certainly led to a host of consequences that we are now

trying to alleviate with criminal justice reform and sentencing reform, but it also led to a view that aggressive policing was necessary in order to deal with not just narcotics but the violent crime that often comes along with it. the pendulum swung too far, some would say, in that direction. we find ourselves now in a isuation, to say that there a great relationship of trust between law enforcement and many communities, particularly minority communities, is the understatement of this generation. what i have been working on, and one of my priorities is looking at communities that have had that frayed relationship, that have had things break down, like the violence of baltimore, or a terrible incident involving someone losing their life in the hands of a police officer, or even a department of justice case against them, and look at how they are a couple of years after.

and they managed to use the tools we try to provide to them to create a positive working relationship between law enforcement and the community? i have been heartened by what i have seen across the country. have policetive departments into these recommendations, particularly the ones that say police departments need to own the past, own the conflict that they have generated, that has generated the distrust between law enforcement and the community. our police departments responding to that, owning their responsibility? a.g. lynch: excellent point. i often talk to community things are will say great with this police chief, we are making positive strides, but community members will say, five years ago this incident happened to me. happened to, this my older sibling or parent. that remains in people's consciousness. a couple jurisdictions i visited

-- i was in los angeles yesterday -- and i also went to miami and was also in portland. visiting those jurisdictions because they were in the middle of resolving problems. he los angeles police department's history is well document and the issues they had. they were under a consent decree in the 2000's. they have come out of that, but residents recall those days. i was very heartened to see in my discussions both with police leadership and community members that no one was ignoring the past, that people were saying we have to own the past and we have to acknowledge that we have contributed, we law enforcement, have contributed to these problems, and here is what we are doing to be accountable, transparent, responsible, to pull community members in. without that acceptance of responsibility, there will be no trust in the new regime or policies going forward. >> a few years ago, fbi director

james comey gave a pretty spectacular speech on race, where he talked about how law enforcement needed to own its past. another thing that the director had said on several occasions is that he believes there is a so-called ferguson effect on law enforcement jurisdictions. do you agree with him, is there a ferguson effect? as in, as a result of what happened in ferguson and charleston, where people are taping law enforcement actions, that police are now wary to do their jobs, for lack of a better description, but to patrol neighborhoods, continue to make them safe? the fbi director has spoken about that in the context of things that people have relate to him. i have not seen that. we see a recent study that looked at that conclusion and we

, whichre information most studies say. that is statistics for you. talking to police departments and community members across the country, there is a lot of change in law enforcement. change at the level of training, the level of community involvement, movement away from over policing, a movement toward turning to new members of the community, getting to understand people and their problems. it is the hope of all of us in law enforcement, but will lead to not only a reduction in crime, but certainly the number of arrests. i have not seen police officers shirking their responsibilities, backing away from the hard issues that come from patrolling difficult and often dangerous communities. i have seen the moving toward that. i have seen them come to the department of justice and say i have a use of force policy that is old.

can you make sure that mine is up to date? i have seen them come to the department and say, i want to set up a community board, do you have any examples that i can look at? have seen a lot of positive action from community members and enforcement in this regard. >> on this trip, you went to san bernardino, yesterday? in los angeles but i met with the team of investigators, police officers, and lawyers at work on the investigation, and are continuing to work on the investigation. >> december mass shooting, 14 people killed. tie-insre a couple of to orlando and last month where 49 people were killed. weapons high-capacity to kill lots of people. but you also have people, hearing from reports, that are

inspired by isis. can you talk about the challenge that those twin things cause for you and the department? mass shootings and terrorism. the challenge is something we have been talking about for some time as we look at how the threat to our homeland has changed since 9/11. obviously, we are still investigating the orchestrated attacks like that, but what we are seeing now are the homegrown extremists. those individuals, often born here, become radicalized usually online, and act out that radical ideology. challenges not only finding and investigating and preventing their actions, but we also have a dual challenge. how do we bring that chain of violent ideology that people consume online? the internet is free and open, and should remain so, but it is

a place where many people go to find information that dates back years. you will see the tracking of it in many of the investigation that we have of people looking at al qaeda videos, documentaries, moving into isis-supported ideology, videos. how do we reach those individuals and either give them an alternative reason for their thought processes and bring that chain of violent ideology. >> looking at the clock, we have less than seven minutes left. i have lots to cram in here. -- 9, you announce the dust justice department was suing north carolina for its bathroom bill. at one point, in your remarks, you directed them directly to the transgender community. i will not read the entire quote , but one piece jumped out at ,e, when you said, we see you too transgender americans.

why do you say it is important to say that to them in that forum? a.g. lynch: when we talk about groups that are victimized and marginalized, the way it happens, people are made to feel or be invisible. invisible, you don't have to look at their concerns or issues. if they are invisible, you don't have to hear about the problems they have. this is a time of great social change in this country. i think we are moving toward what dr. king called the beloved community. but with change often comes uncertainty and fear on the part of other people who find it challenging to say the least. there is often a desire to deal with someone or some issue that you find different by shutting it out of sight. if we are really going to have the open and free society that is the birthright of every american, that is the right of everyone that comes and lives

here, then everyone deserves the right to stand in the light. it has been my concern also with the orlando shooting, that members of the lgbt community may feel it is maybe safer for me if i do not come out. maybe it is safer if i stay in the shadows. that is not the country we live in. that is not the america we have chosen over 200 years ago [applause] it is not the one that any of us want. light and to truly be seen for who they are. that is what diversity is, and to me, that is what america is. eric holder tell you about this job? a.g. lynch: [laughter] >> what is the one thing you wish you told you? a.g. lynch: where the lock on the plane door was. [laughter] >> good answer.

every ag leaves a letter for his or her successor. what did attorney general holder leave for you? a.g. lynch: those letters are private. i will not go into the exact letter, but i will say, aging older has been a friend for some time and i've had privilege of working with them as a u.s. attorney and in two separate administrations and working for him as attorney general a pleasure and a privilege. supportive, he has always talked about the privilege of being the attorney general, the privilege of serving the american people, and working to ensure that in every way in which the department of justice works, the highest standards of integrity are upheld. that has been a part of my cougar since i joined the department. --has always been that joyce voice for me as well.

is it hard to be black, or a woman in your job? a.g. lynch: i'm not sure how you suffering the two, for me. [laughter] for me, this is the greatest job i have had, and it is such a tremendous privilege to sit in the chair and tried to do justice, do the right thing every day. i approach it from that perspective. if people want to look at it and say, do i make a decision based on my background in some way? i think all of us are a combination of our experiences. experienceson my growing up in the south, what my parents went through, how important it was for them to stand up for equal rights, how important it was for them to make clear that everyone has a place in society. i look back on my years as a prosecutor, dealing with victims

who often feel there is no one to speak for them, and i think of how important it is that everyone knows the department can be their voice. everything that i am and everything i have done comes together in me as i do this job. [applause] it is interesting, the general perception, as a woman , you are supposed to be a lefty, and you are supposed to be somebody who is a defense arson, not a prosecutor. how did you gravitate toward being a prosecutor? a.g. lynch: for me, the prosecutor is the protector of people. i have always felt there are many communities out there, many minority communities, who feel sometimes rightly that they do not get the full benefit of the protection of the law. maybe crime is not as aggressively pursued as in others. it was important to me to be part of a system that protected

everyone equally and fairly. i view it as very important to me that we take -- that i take extendingas one as the protections of law enforcement to everyone that deserves it. >> if i remember correctly, you became interested in the law because you watched your grandfather, you would go with him to court. he defended them. you talk about how he basically helped people get over the unconstitutional jim crow laws. a.g. lynch: this was a story that my father told me. grandfather passed away when i was very young. my father grew up in eastern north carolina. from a small town called oak city. my grandfather was a minister

also a sharecropper, which meant he did not own the farms that he worked on. they were owned by other people. brothers wouldis work those fields for pay, but he had a strong sense of justice . in the 1930's in north carolina, when my dad was young, we are talking about a time before aranda warnings, the guarantee of the right to counsel, before so many of the things that we take for granted in our criminal justice system that are guaranteed in our constitution. so many times when people found themselves, as my grandfather used to say, in the clutches of the law, unfairly so, they would come to him for help. they did not have the view that there would be fairness in their procedure and they would leave town. my grandfather would help to hide them until they could move away. my father told me a story of being at home and the sheriff coming by asking my grandfather if he had seen a particular

person. the person might actually be hiding under the war boards and my grandfather would say, i have not seen him lately. younger, iwhen i was always thought about that story. my grandfather was a very moral man. how do you reconcile that with what he was doing? for that, it was a concept of justice. we like to think of it as a verdict or decision, and it often is, but it is often a process for people. if you are pulled into the criminal justice system, you do have protections, and you will be held accountable for what you have done. i firmly believe that, i am a prosecutor, but it will happen in a way that is consistent with the ideals of this country and not the kind of lack of justice that might be found on a dirt road in the dark of night in 1930's north carolina. [applause]

in preparing for this, i reached out to lots of people to get a sense of you. i got a tour of the question to ask you. i am noticing you are not wearing it, but from time to time, you were a butterfly charm. a.g. lynch: a bumblebee. >> what is the significance of that bumblebee? it is sort of the insect that keeps our planet alive with its work. but anatomically, in terms of the laws of physics, it is not supposed to be able to fly. if you look at the shape of the body and the wings, it is not supposed to be able to fly, and yet it does. >> how does that translate to you and your trajectory? a.g. lynch: not just for me, but for everyone, you are going to life and people will look at you and will make a decision. you cannot do that, you should

not be doing that, that is not the place for you. whether it is because i'm african-american or a woman, or southern, there are all kinds of issues that people face. to be able to say back, to wear a symbol that says, i may not look like i can do this, yet i do, is very important to me. [applause] i am going to get myself a bumblebee pin. only have a couple minutes left, and this is where i get to have some fun. what is guaranteed to get you on the dance floor? off," swift "shake it funk," or " uptown earth wind and fire. a.g. lynch: i have to go old school would earth wind and

fire. [applause] >> somehow i knew you would say that. i would be out there with you. as soon as you hear the drums in the beginning -- anyway. a.g. lynch: best band ever. >> you are a u.s. attorney in new york city. did you ever find yourself at home on a rainy, snowy night, pint of ice cream with law and order on, watching the reruns, critiquing cases as they came in? a.g. lynch: actually the benefit of being a prosecutor in new york city is that a lot of cases from new york make their way into shows like line order. a number of us would have a lot of fun watching the show and figuring out where they had drawn some inspiration from. a young woman i used to work with in the u.s. attorney's office at one point in time was

a writer on that show. i always felt i had inside knowledge of what cases she was talking about. i just wondered who would play me. [laughter] >> speaking of, who would you like to play you come in the movie or the lifetime series, netflix? i have no idea. i am drawing a blank. there are so many wonderful, talented black actresses out there who could hopefully portray what i have always felt to be my strong desire to make sure that justice is open for everyone. anyone who could do that. frankly, we have such talent out in hollywood now. one thing that is great about how our society is changing and opening up is the recognition of black talent in the entertainment industry, in front of the camera, behind the camera , writing. that is something that i am loving watching. >> loretta lynch, 83rd attorney

general of the united states, thank you [applause] [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. visit ncicap.org] theive coverage of discussion on racial prejudice and education with officials and youth activists. this event hosted by the national education association. it gets underway at 1:00 eastern here on c-span. on july 1, 1976, this will mean -- the smithsonian air and space museum open to the public. today marks the 40th anniversary of the museum and american history tv live coverage since at 6:00 eastern. we will tour the museum and see one-of-a-kind aviation and space artifacts, including the spirit of st. louis and the lunar module from the apollo. thepeak with jeff bailey, museum curator, and chair of the museums space history

department. we will take your phone calls, e-mails, and tweets. this evening at 6:00 eastern on american history tv. last week, the manhattan institute held a discussion on entrepreneurship and technology and what unemployment's impact is on suicide, divorce, and disability benefits. >> the idea of guaranteed basic income is relevant for disability and unemployment insurance. the effects of these are that they discourage work, that they are tied to not working. i cannot tell you how awful i think this is. when you get unemployed, you get a check based on your expected duration. maybe we require you to look for work, but you do not stop the payments when you go back to work.

same thing with disability. we give them a check, proven medical condition. you don't reduce it. in some sense, this puts the normal fear of disability on its head. often the fear of disability is, this is terrible, he is working while he is getting disability, this is a clear case of fraud. we should worry less about fraud and more about the fact that we are stopping people from using their talents to make the world better. get rid of both is to give people a series of checks over time. the government needs to stop bribing people to be idle. this is the fundamental point here. >> just a portion of an event held by the manhattan to. you can see the entire event at 8:00 here on c-span. the urge to make money. what turned me on in the 1960's was to make policy.

that is always what drove me. q&a, and night on interview with public interest and politician mark green. he talks about his life and career in public office. drive that to have a may be undesirable in a spouse or a friend, but you have to wake up and go to sleep and think, if you do everything, you win, said lyndon johnson. on q&a.eastern part two will air sunday night at 9:00 eastern on c-span 2. the hard-fought 2016 primary season is over with historic conventions to follow this

summer. >> colorado. >> florida. watch as we consider the first woman ever to have a major political party and the first non-politician in several decades. onch live on c-span, listen c-span radio, or check out the app. you have a front row seat to every convention all beginning on monday, july 18. >> earlier today, president obama spoke to reporters about what should be done to combat zika virus. he urged congress to get a bill to him before adjourning for the summer. this is under 10 minutes.

i wanted to speak to the press briefly about this. as all of you know, there has zikaan enormous spread of throughout latin america, the caribbean, and puerto rico. we have not yet seen cases that were transmitted on the continental united states, but we know the mosquitoes that carry the zika virus exist on the continental united dates -- states. we have also seen, in puerto rico, zika has spread rapidly. dr. friedman and members of the have seenavel there that the incidence of the cases of zika, not just among the general population, but among pregnant women, has been

spiking. fort is absolutely critical the united states government, working in concert with other governments in the hemisphere to be pushing hard right now to get the situation under control. that, for theis is not a type of disease like ebola, where it is life-threatening. in some cases, folks may not even have symptoms that are significant. but what we do know is that pregnant women are -- if pregnant women are infected, it can have severe consequences for that has and a child been impacted by the zika virus.

we have been issuing guidelines in terms of folks who are childbearing age, who are thinking about starting a family. transmithat men can men ifhrough their se they are infected. we have issued some guidelines on how to approach this problem. but the most important thing we can do right now is to actually reduce the incidence of zika. we can issue precautions for travel to areas that have zika. we can give people guidelines in terms of how to deal with it if they are affected. this is something that we could reduce the risks, if congress does the right thing and allocates the dollars that are needed right now to get the job done.