questions from members of the british house of commons for the first time since becoming prime minister. later, a group of young reporters share their thoughts on the 2016 presidential race. >> ♪ >> this week on "q&a,; jean edward smith. he discusses his book "bush: a critical biography of george w. bush." brian: jean edward smith, author of "bush." when did you first think it was worth doing a biography so close to his presidency. finishedrd: i had just the eisenhower biography. i was in new york having lunch with my editor at random house

and he asked me what i wanted to do next. in 2012. i said -- how about george bush. he said fine and we started on george bush. brian: why? jean edward: he needed to be treated. at the the books out time had adequately treated him. brian: i want to jump in to chapter 12. was regarded by many of his classmates at harvard business school as dynamically ignorant. he was energetic but ill , untutored, and unread. and he flaunted it. little had changed in his 2002 state of the union and the reeked ofaxis of evil arrogance. bush has spoken without wearing the consequences. jean edward: i think that is

right. that is why someone had to say that. brian: when did you start to feel this way about him? jean edward: when he was president. brian: why? reasonward: there was no to go into iraq and his domestic -- hiss -- or his response to 9/11, let us put it that way seem to be overdrawn. brian: where were you? hmm.edward: in huntington, west virginia. brian: do you remember the day? jean edward: i remember my wife seeing it on television. it was a sunny day. on the faculty at marshall at the time. i was down at the university. brian: when did you react negatively to the way he handled ?/11

say edward: i would beginning with the treatment of prisoners at guantanamo which seemed totally out of the ordinary. and of course the domestic slang that took place. those were not very well-known until the articles came out in the new york times and the washington post about two years later. brian: here is george w. bush when he was not in office in 1991. an interview done in texas. [video clip] leaguers whominor view themselves as major leaders who attacked george bush in a personal way. >> do those things hurt? >> not anymore. i don't even read the guy

anymore. when you read your father being called a lapdog by a person of small, ite, large or bothers you. brian: what is your reaction when you see that? jean edward: that is george bush in 1991. he ran for governor in 1994. he was head of the texas rangers at that time. it is george bush. brian: what do you see their? -- there? jean edward: spontaneity and a lack of sustained judgment or intellectual insight. brian: have you ever met him? jean edward: no, dick cheney who i interviewed a number of times that of an interview for me with george bush out in dallas. out, ifore i was to go got a telephone call from one of his aides saying that the

president did not want to see you and he decided not to see you because you wrote a book that was critical of his father. it was true. book thatublished a was critical of george herbert walker-- george herbert bush's decision to attack -- the university of toronto decided to give george herbert walker bush and honorary degree. and the university president you willjean, introduce him because you wrote a book about him. and we hadd him about 1500 demonstrators outside protesting. award --a difficult the university of toronto was giving an award for ending the cold war. 1500-2000,rators,

were protesting him being the head of the cia which in canada was not a popular thing to be. brian: are you a canadian citizen? both.dward: i am an american citizen but i went to toronto in the 19th 60's. in the 1970's, the supreme court had a decision making it possible to have dual citizenship. brian: where do you vote? jean edward: in mississippi. brian: why? jean edward: that is where my parents are from. we own property in mississippi. i have always voted there. brian: back to your walk -- back to your book on george herbert walker bush. why were you critical of his activities in the first direct or -- iraq war? jean edward: bear in mind that when congress asked for permission to attack in iraq,

this was a very close war. by about 10 votes in the house of representatives. this was not a popular thing at the time. that comment by george w. bush about george well -- george ll has called you one of the finest biographers in the country. jean edward: i don't think george will like this is -- this book. george is a republican. brian: how would you describe your own politics? jean edward: democrat. i am from mississippi. at a time when mississippi voters voted democratic. brian: how would you define your ideology? jean edward: on the left. i have always been there i

think. i went to princeton as an undergraduate. in 1950-1954. pulsar veins is a classmate of mine. don rumsfeld was as well. we are democratic. adlai stevenson ran for president in 1952 and in 1956. he was a princeton graduate. --an: the best i could find i read in the back where you say where you got your material. you had 3-5 interviews. donald rumsfeld and dick cheney were important interviews. given what you said about george herbert walker bush, why would dick cheney see you? it was set up for me. donald rumsfeld and i are classmates.

we have known each other since 1950. we lived in the same dormitory freshman year. we have known each other since 1950. at princeton. we lived in the same dormitory and don was a very popular member of the class of 1954. brian: how often did you talk to him for the book? jean edward: maybe 20 times. brian: what did you learn from him? i have seen a lot of sources in your book. i felt he was always very frank and very honest. we have known each other for a very long time. there was no problem interviewing don. i know his wife. he knows my wife. we are friendly.

what do you think -- brian: what do you think his role was in the iraq war? jean edward: i believed that he -- the military thought also that they were going in as liberators. they were going to get rid of saddam hussein. find any weapons of mass destruction and leave within 90 days. that is what they planned for. they did not plan to occupy iraq. plan for that on donald rumsfeld's instructions -- the military and the state department believed they were going in to remove saddam hussein, find weapons of mass destruction, and get out very quickly. , the general in charge of dealing with the , ready tod a council

take charge. and then on may 1 when bush spoke on the flight deck of the abraham lincoln with a banner that said "mission accomplished" bush changed the ground rules. he said we were going to occupy -- occupynd bring iraq and bring in democracy. they had not planned for that. they were taken by surprise on may 1 on the flight deck on the abraham lincoln when bush said we were going to bring democracy to iraq. the difference between being liberators and occupiers is profound. liberators make a country free. occupiers impose their will. the military had not planned for that. they had planned to go in and get out. bush at west point . june 1, 2002, before the war

started in march. the cold war doctrines of deterrence and containment. cases, those strategies still apply. but new threats also require new thinking. the war on terror will not be won on the defensive. we must take the battle to the enemy. disrupt his plans and confront the worst threats before they march. -- before they emerge. jean edward: prevention. did didn't announce -- announce that at west point. the military was not prepared for that. he was absolutely wrong. i don't know what else you can say. brian: at one point in your book, you bring up gog and

magog. why? and what is it? maybe bush's worse fault is that he is a born again christian who brings that the presidency. he believes that he was god's agent here on earth to fight evil. and magog,ing gog just before the iraqi invasion, bush called president schrock -- get them france to to join the attack. during the course of that conversation, he told the president that we were fighting gog and magog. they were creatures in the book of revelation in the new testament. that is the center of the evangelicalsmany and fundamentalist christians.

and bush generally believed that. that henely believed was god's agent here on earth to fight evil. if you believe that, whether it is domestic excesses or the were against iraq, if you believe you are god's agent fighting evil -- all holds are removed. you are on blank slate and you can do whatever is necessary to fight evil. i might say that the french president did not know what he was talking about. and his staff did not know either. toy got a professor in basel include them in. convincing the french president all the more that he did not want to be part of that. from anothert that book. quotes use a lot of his him his book. jean edward: some.

ofan: there are a lot others. how do you decide as a historian what to quote, what to trust, and what book to trust? jean edward: oh, i don't know. seems to me that as i read it, if it seems reasonable and logical, i use it. but there is a litmus test. brian: in preparation for writing this biography, how much reading did you do before you started writing? jean edward: an interesting question. writers write in different ways. i research each chapter as i go. i do not research the entire book before i began. some writers do. but i research it chapter by

chapter. and go from there. book, i doriting a it seven days a week and get up at 5:30 a.m. each morning and work until about noon. . do that evan days a week i do it chapter by chapter -- i do it seven days a week. i do it chapter by chapter. i have always found it helpful to do it that way. you have written a lot of biographies. going down the list. i want you to compare what you found out about these people and compare it with george w. bush. let us start with the president's. in 2001, you wrote your releases grant.- ulysses was --iew said that it

he was a greatly underrated president. jean edward: that was very true. was not underrated at the time. parade ofed, the broadway in new york -- he was very popular. as president, grant genuinely believed in racial equality. he kept the army in the south throughout his presidency to maintain equal rights for african-americans. for the next three generations, that was not popular in the south. historians for the next three generations trashed grant because of his determination to enforce racial equality. his reputation suffered enormously. improperly, it seemed to me. i spent the time trying to rehabilitate him. brian: is there any comparison

you can make between grant and george w. bush? think there i don't is any similarity. grant was very reflective. grant spent his time at west point, most of it, in the library reading books. as you know, his own standardaphy sets the pretty much for presidential biographies, autobiographies. i think you could say that the distinction is probably like to year's a part. polar opposites. grant did not act on impulse. never. your book was 784 pages long. this?s your approach to why in this day and age when

people are not reading as much would a publisher want such a big book? jean edward: you'll have to write a publisher. -- you'll have to ask the publisher. the entiresearch book before i begin. i do it chapter by chapter. thatu are writing a book is 700-800 pages, you cannot remember all of that. brian: and then your book in 2007 on fdr. over 800 pages. one reviewer said it changed the relationship between the american people and their government. jean edward: he did in the sense that beginning with the new deal, roosevelt caused people to look to washington for support. which they had not done previously. the government became a big supporter of the economy and of people. i think in that sense roosevelt did change the approach.

brian: in your book, you say george bush was the decider. what do you think of that? was fdr a decider? is there a comparison between those two? --n edward: fdr occasionally when he did that, he usually made a mistake. in 1937eme court plant to expand the size of the supreme court. he consulted no one on that. increase thept to size of the court from nine to 15 justices caught everyone by surprise and it was a terrible mistake. when roosevelt acted that way it was a terrible mistake. i will say that the only other example i can think of that

roosevelt acted on his own was when he overrules general marshall and secretary stimson in 1942 to order the invasion of africa. he ordered the invasion of north africa. those are the two principal examples i can think of. brian: with grant and fdr and then eisenhower, what did the role of religion play compared to bush? jean edward: dwight eisenhower is the only president elected who did not belong to a church. graduated in the class of 1950. west point cadets at that time were required to go to chapel every sunday. and so when eisenhower graduated, he decided he was not going to -- he was not going back. mcarthur asked him in the 1930's why he did not go to church -- eisenhower said it was because i

had to go every sunday at west point and i am not going back. and he did not. he finally joined the presbyterian church but not until after he was elected president. i think that is a fundamental distinction. -- notas not a believer a true believer either. was an elder in his but i thinkde park he was quite skeptical. brian: in your book on george herbert walker bush -- where do you think religion -- what role did religion play with him? jean edward: the book about george herbert walker bush is about the iraq war. i don't think it did. bush 43, was a born again christian.

that position in the 1980's. talk about billy graham and his relationship but you also give credit to another minister. jean edward: the other minister back really brought bush or made him a born again christian. , george w. bush, credits billy graham but that is because billy graham is known and the other fellow is not. bush: in 2011, george talked about sustaining -- being sustained by his faith. [video clip] faithas sustained by my during my presidency. i did pray a lot. wonders on many

occasions when i was president. inalk about the rainbow bucharest, romania. i gave a speech. right before i got on stage, someone pointed out a balcony. a rainbow appears behind the balcony. people can ascribe anything they want to it but i say it is a message that said -- freedom is beautiful and universal. everyone desires to live a free life. brian: what are you thinking as you listen to that? jean edward: that is exactly right. bush received his marching instructions -- he thought, from god. brian: what if he is right? jean edward: i don't think he is.

excesses and the attack on iraq -- it cannot be argued that that was correct. brian: i want to complete the comparison with eisenhower. int was a 976 page book 2012. you said he was a canny politician and a skillful, decisive leader. i can only think of eisenhower as president making two mistakes. was when he gave the cia position to topple the leader of iran. the other was when he authorized the u-2 flight just before the paris summit in 1960. -- one of eisenhower his great strengths was his ability to conceal his hands.

eisenhower is behind the move that ultimately defeated joe mccarthy. eisenhower -- it was eisenhower that shows joseph welsh to be the council in the senate hearings. liked to conceal what he was doing. but i think he was an incredibly inefficient -- efficient. best ending the war in korea. eisenhower was elected on a platform. he went over and looked at it and saw that it could not be won so he made peace. i think -- two mistakes he made. incredibly he had an

effective track record. brian: you also did a book on john marshall. of all of the books you have done so far, which individual did you like the most? jean edward: grant. brian: why? jean edward: grant had been underrated. and had been systematically abused by southern historians for three generations who resented grants position on racial equality. that when i was a old, myoy, of 8-9 years father from mississippi took us to the battlefield in shiloh. my cousins who were there with us said the south could have won this had they done this or that but my father said we should hush up.

it was a good thing that grant was in command that day because .rant had saved the indians from the time i was eight years old, i was on grant's side. brian: the reviews are pretty positive. peter baker. his july 4 review, as a biographer, mr. smith makes no comparisons with today's republican leader but he sides unmistakably with those who see mr. bush's presidency in the darkest shades if often for radically different reasons. mr. smith abhors waterboarding terror suspects. for example. mr. trump wants it resumed. what did you think of his analysis of your book? jean edward: i was very flattered that peter baker wrote such a favorable review.

his book is a major work on the bush administration. not a biography. a book on the administration. but it is extremely good. brian: the headline on the radio -- presidential biography as scathing indictment. fair? jean edward: yes. that is fair. i think bush deserves a scathing indictment. brian: do you feel as strong about george w. bush as you have other presidents that you have known or written about? it is difficult for a biographer to write about someone whom you do not like. people,hese other eisenhower, grant, roosevelt, marshall -- they were successful people who deserved praise, i

thought. it is much more difficult to write about someone whom you think is wrong. brian: another review in the washington with an air of thoughtful, detached authority, the book is nonetheless exceedingly damage in its judgment about charge w bush's years in office. it reminds us a new of bush's own arrogance, recklessness, strong-arm politics and escort for ideas and the effects he provoked from liberals and democrats who felt powerless to rein him in. why do you think you was elected twice? jean edward: i think the democrats blew both elections. think al gore, who ran against him in 2000, from the beginning screwed it up. political science association politicalll the

assignments to analyze elections unanimously picked courts when. he began -- gore to win. "joseph lieberman, government who is the most conservative then he in congress and did not fight clinton to be on i think his treatment of also, both of those two factors paved the way for ralph nader to come in and pick up almost 3 million votes. counted, hees were said that clinton carried the 1996 election.

including his own state of tennessee, including arkansas and west virginia, the republican had carried west virginia since herbert hoover. brian: why was personally bush reelected -- george w. bush elected in 2004 after the war? kerry did not run a good campaign either. the democrats ran a traditional 2004 and i think they were appealing to the voter kerry was doing very well in the debates against bush.

i think that he just did not run an effective campaign. been criticalhad of bush, -- brian: let's go back to research. he had an interesting mail with general trace -- meal with general petraeus. a footnote, let me ask you about that. but that a lunch or dinner -? jean edward: it was a dinner. i was here in washington at the time and i got an e-mail from general petraeus invited me to dinner. i had never met him before. as i was leaving that evening, i artist that i did not -- had

said not to talk about ike, after the first course was over that is what he wanted to talk about. brian: that is why he asked you to dinner? jean edward: i believe. brian: when did this come about? , it can aboutaybe just after he was forced out as head of the cia. after he resigned. was interested in how i can handle case number be -- ike had handled case summerby. i was not surprised. i think one of the reasons for classmatesinceton and others brought pressure on shirley tillman to resign to

create a vacancy and they wanted the trays to become president of princeton's -- general petraeus to become president of princeton and cd republican nomination as president of princeton. if you look at the republican nominee, and that was not a bad plan to begin with. affected,t could be the whistle was blown up a trace -- general petraeus because of the affair in the presence of committee simply dismissed him. brian: what did you tell jobless trace -- general petraeus? jean edward: we did not discuss that. summersby.lked about marshallr told general

just after the ve day that he summersby andrry k general marshall said that i will relieve you of command. eisenhower decided he would not do that but he never told kate and he continue to live with her until he went home to washington in november of 45. when he was reassigned to become chief of staff of the army. kate thought she was going with shein on the date that was to part, she got orders to berlin. when she was put on the staff. she did not know that she was not going with him. once eisenhower got back, he wrote her a very crisp dear john letter and that was it.

himcontinued to pursue after her tour in europe was over. she came back to washington. pentagoned ike and the -- in the pentagon and the next day she received orders to go to california. brian: general petraeus was not happy when he saw that story come out? jean edward: i don't think so. brian: he was quoted as saying he did not know that would come out. jean edward were the ground ruls -- were the ground rules? jean edward: absolutely not. we were having a friendly dinner. if he had said that, i would not have written that. brian: did you learn anything from him about the war? jean edward: i did not ask. no. that the military promotion over for

and was promoted to lieutenant general from bush by rumsfeld's recommendation. here is another gentleman that you talk to, dick cheney back in the year 2000 talking about bush's transition team. let's watch the 40 seconds of this and then i want to ask you about what you learned from dick cheney. >> when you put together an administration, one of the things you look for our people with experience and we have had a number of republican administrations over the 30 some years i have been involved in national politics and many of us at had prior experience in the bush administration. somehow thatat makes us over reliant, you might as well say we are over reliant on before an administration.

we are looking for expansion people, people who could bring a lot to the team that governor bush wants to assemble and we welcome folks regardless of what prime minister should been have been affiliated with. jean edward: bush was governor of texas and had not been in washington. had relied on cheney. bush picked: pallet to be secretary of state. he picked on rumsfeld to be secretary of defense. hishe picked his friend to secretary of commerce. searchse, cheney ran the both for the cabinet offices and the subcabinet offices. this is unusual. it is inconceivable to think that frequent roosevelt would have had john garner to pick his cabinet and subcabinet or the eisenhower would have asked nixon to do that.

this was, i think a first in american history where the president turned over the selection of most of the papal -- people to the vice president. brian: was that a common on garner or the ability of dick cheney? jean edward: i think it is a common on roosevelt and bush. roosevelt knew what he wanted and knew the washington scene. was secretary of war under woodrow wilson. and john nance garner was on the ticket to balance the electoral college. i think he was at that vice president it is not worth it bucket of warm pills. which is right. at that time.

bush, on the other hand did not know washington. cheney did. bush knew inlso cheney he was not dealing with a possible political opponent. that given cheney's age and health, would not be a candidate for president. onan: you interviewed him may 13, 2013. where? i interviewed him both out in wyoming and jackson at his house in a number of times at his house here in mclean. it i did.ow brian: how often did you interview him and what did you learn from him? jean edward: i began by going this is the want

on set up for me. i went out to wyoming to see him at his house out of jackson hold and we stayed there for several hours it was very interesting interviewing cheney. the only ground will we had was cheney said don't quote me must you ask me. unless you ask me. you can use the information, but don't put in quote marks unless you tell me. was whereote i used he said, bush was feeling his way. inform policy. in foreignhis way policy. this was before 9/11.

out of his house in georgetown, from mclean virginia, i would say that his wife, also a writer, we got along very well and i think cheney was quite receptive. don center dot for me. it was fine. impact, when did you finish writing this? i'm not sure i want to answer that. about a year ago. simon and schuster, in their wisdom held it. ,hey did not wanted to come out they wanted to come out just before the republican convention so that is why they have held it until this point. i've been is finished -- been finished for about a year. brian: the video for political

reasons -- did they do it for political or economic reasons? jean edward: i would say they did it for economic reasons. i think they held it for economic reasons. i don't know. brian: the back to when george w. bush's office said to he will not sit and be interviewed by your. . what was your reaction and the impact on how you felt about the book? jean edward: i was very close to being finished at that point and i don't think it affected the book and anyway -- in any way. i could understand that he would take that position. it had no effect on the manuscript. brian: you quote from a fellow

named ross baker. is been a journalist for a number of years. bush's record at harvard was uninspiring. he had 53 interviews with fortune 500 companies and said had no job offer. that bill white, the former mayor of houston? i don't know.rd: brian: he is the only harvard business will graduate i know who left there without a gd job. jean edward: it is a classmate of bush's but i don't know if it is the same guy. brian: i'm more interested in the, how the quote to find george bush? that is early.

jean edward: let me quote one of his classmates, they considered him dynamically ignorant. active, very energetic but did not do anything. brian: anything good about him? jean edward: very energetic. thingsyou said positive about the way he handled the financial crisis. jean edward: i think you this -- his leadership on combating aids internationally. no president had done that with which he did. he led the fight and i think turned the corner on aids in africa. he deserves great credit for that. i'm 83. he added medicare prescription drugs for seniors. i think the child behind is a

valuable addition. and i think that he and putin agreed to reduce the number of nuclear weapons each country maintains is a remarkable achievement. i also think he improved relations with china. a lot of people do not want him to go to the beijing olympics and he did and i think that helped improve relations. and free trade. when bush became president, the united states at free-trade agreements with israel, canada and mexico. when he left we had free trade agreements with 16 countries. it is not in the ministration without some success. and i think that is why i personally state in the book that he is not america's worst president. hard for anyone to beat herbert hoover. that does not attract from the fact that his decision to attack

iraq might be the worst foreign-policy decision a president has ever made. brian: let me ask about that. the first sentence and last sentence in the book, i would to know if you decided to do this on purpose and at what point? the first sentence. where in the history of the united states has the nation been so ill served as during the presidency of george w. bush dr. bush -- bush? jean edward: that is probably the first sentence i wrote. i do a book from front to back. but in the preface first. but in the preface before started reading the book i put that sentence in the preface and then i wrote the conclusion without checking and i did not know they were so similar until i read the book review. brian: really? jean edward: i did not look at it. brian: let me read the last

sentence. it george w bush was the worst president would be long debated, but his decision to invade iraq is usually the worst foreign policy decision ever made by an american president. how did you get to that point? jean edward: you know what other presidents have done. i can't think of a decision that was any worse, maybe could to harry truman's decision to drop the atomic bomb and maybe that was the worst decision. thingat's about the only i can content. brian: woodrow wilson decision to enter world war i? jean edward: it helped a great deal when they suck american ships at sea and wilson acted in response. jfk and lbj decision to

go into the vietnam situation? thousands of lives later and some people think it has had a dramatic impact over the last 50 years. jean edward: 50,000 lives are 50,000 lives. there have been no terrorists. there was no terrorist activity after the vietnam war. local war. brian: how much responsibility bush fort on george w. the terrorist activity in the world today? jean edward: 100%. i would to that if he had left saddam hussein in control of aaq he would not have -- secular state at the time, it was not a democracy but a sacred -- secular state. isis extremism. al qaeda was not in iraq.

i would say it was the removal of saddam hussein that began a terrorist threats today. brian: technologies in the back. -- acknowledgments in the back. you say, it 1954 classmate of mine read the manuscript for every chapter of every book i have written beginning with the defense of berlin in 1963. he died in 2013, i think. brian: why did he read every chapter of every book? jean edward: we were roommates at princeton and we were good he just agreed to do it. brian: gang ofbrian: 13? who are they? jean edward: i do a chapter by

chapter as i say. one of finish a chapter, i sent it to 13 people. they read it and they sent me their comments on the chapter and i don't go back to them. they sent a chapter to me and it is a one-shot deal. their comments were and i like it i use it if i don't, i don't. brian: who are these folks? jean edward: they are people i have met over the years. helen tillman, i meant after she wrote a book about frank on and zero different. d. lindsay rutherfor she is a novelist. she reads them. john, my remake. -- remake at princeton. -- roommate at princeton. brian: did you send a copy of your book to don rumsfeld before he published it? -- you

published it? jean edward: i think don i was writing. brian: did he try to change your mind? jean edward: sure. if you thought i was wrong on something, he would tell me i was wrong. brian: what did you gather for the personal opinions from don rumsfeld and dick cheney about george bush? i never pressed them on their personal views about george bush. i felt that would be pushing the envelope a bit. i never pressed them about their personal views. in any politician. i think they had skepticism. i want to show some video of a fellow he talk about. this is about 20's seconds. 22nd street october 18, 2002.

his name is paul wolfowitz. >> saddam hussein support tickets was with our terrorist enemies. he let them moral and material support. disarming saddam hussein and fighting the war on terrorism are not merely related, they are part of the same struggle. if we can defeat a terrorist regime in iraq, it will be a defeat for terrorists globally. brian: what impact did he have on the iraq war? jean edward: he encouraged it. i don't think it was crucial. he was on the same side as bush think he's bonded. it.pawned brian: did you know his father? jean edward: i did not know -- back in the 1960's when the campus unrest rides at columbia

and berkeley and cornell, phil horton, the editor of the reporter magazine asked me if i would go to cornell in interview that the sake of where professor from automatic shredding an interesting insight into the nature of certain protests and wolfowitznd professor , he told me that he was convinced that this was a communist plot in a prelude to a communist revolution. he felt it was a little bit too far out in the reporter did not use it. brian: are you going to write another book? jean edward: i'm 83 years old. it is difficult. how have things changed as you gotten older? jean edward: i think more slowly and i write more slowly and it , at 83, i'm not

sure i have another 4-5 years in which i could write a biography. i think simon and schuster wants me to do something else and i thought i would write about the decision to say paris and world war ii. -- save paris in world war ii. eisenhower deserves great credit for saving paris. i don't think many people are aware but eisenhower lived 1.5 years in paris. living in paris in the 1920's as , he knew paris. mongulitz deserves

great credit for carrying out -- not carrying out the order. brian: have you started it? [laughter] the edward: i've read background material and yeah. brian: university of toronto? jean edward: 33 years. brian: how many years at marshall? jean edward: 12. brian: do you consider yourself retired? jean edward: i've done in the classroom. colombia for two years as a senior scholar at the georgetown for two years as a visiting scholar. i guess. dartmouth for two years before toronto. brian: our guest has been jean edward smith. the book is called bush. thank you very much. jean edward: thank you.

>> for free transcript or to give us your comments about the program, visit us at q and a.org. programs are also available at c-span podcasts. podcasts.an if you enjoyed this week's queue and eight interview with jean edward smith, here are some other programs you might like. former president george dubya bush on his book, decision points. palmer defense secretary donald rumsfeld talks about his book known and unknown and author sean williams discusses his book, the rise of american democracy. or can watch these anytime search our entire library at c-span.org. >> c-span's washington journal

live from the democratic national convention in philadelphia. coming up monday morning, national political reporter for pittsburgh tribune review gives us a preview of the democratic national convention including speakers and themes for the day. sanders2016 bernie delegate of washington state shares her efforts to cover her expenses to be at this convention including turning to social media to raise funds. clinton2016 dnc hillary delegate and ohio state representative on the clinton candidacy. the party's, urban and minority issues and what the democrats hope to accomplish at the convention. be sure to watch c-span's washington journal live from the democratic national committee beginning at 7:00 eastern monday morning. join the discussion. >> british prime mr. theresa may answer questions from members of parliament in her first question times is becoming prime minister. she talked about the u.k. future relationship with europe

following the brexit decision and national security concerns after the attacks in nice, france. this is almost 40 minutes. >> i'm sure the whole house will with -- which to join me in welcoming today's enjoyment figures showing employment at another record high. unemployment rate in the lowest point in a decade and wages rising. i had meetings with colleagues and its into my duties with the house, i have -- shall have for the meetings later today. i will travel to berlin to meet