conversation. and the panelists, thank you very much for the conversation. i try to address some of the problems and find solutions. but we try to leave you with a slightly more positive impression of what young people in the arab world can actually offer. not just a burden but we are socially full of potential. thank you so much. a round of applause for the panelists. [applause] [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2016] [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. visit ncicap.org]

just days away from members of congress returning. the house and senate gaveling in next week. the house live on c-span, and the senate on c-span2. members of the florida delegation are keeping an eye on tropical storm hermine he -- the hurricanerricane -- to make landfall in 11 years. gwen graham tweeting out >> this storm hitting florida as louisiana is cleanup from recent

flooding, and garret graves held a facebook form. -- for him. he was joined by local, federal officials. here is some of that. >> one last question -- if i am a homeowner -- if my home is flooded, is it ok for me to do the gutting work before i find out about the elevation and if i need to raise my home were any of those things? >> we feel it is appropriate and necessary. you want to get the wet materials out of the house, start the mold control process. all of that can be taken place. ourng that time call office, or come down and visit, and we will let them know what they have you eventually. >> joanne wants to remind folks -- joann: document the process. no matter what you do, stamp

your photos -- take as many photos, all angles of the room, worm or you document that information. it does not mean the inspector but you willee it, have it for the record and it is available because it is a process that will take a little while. make sure you document the entire process as you go through rebuilding. >> now, on a similar issue, we have the -- beth who is asking what happens when a family is retired is required to raise a two-story home that rest on a slab? >> that is tough. the construction process, it is going to be about the same. there are specialized companies, we know from the licensing board. we checked their website in this area. there are at least about 20 license, special contractors that do this type of work. again, it has been mentioned --

you want to make sure if you have to raise your slab, just like any of the other work, that you have a licensed, reputable contractor. there is plenty of information licensinghe state board where they can verify that. the action would be the same in the construction and the calculation for the damage is the same regardless of it is one-story, two-story, or some type of tiered structure. hour-long part of a forum hosted by garret graves. they have posted that on their facebook page. on a lighter note, you might not expect your congressman to be crowd surfing, especially not this one. john lewis on the late show with stephen colbert. senate the house and returning from the summer break next week, join us tonight at 8:00 eastern.

we will preview four key issues famous dutch facing congress -- federal funding to combat the zika virus. senator harry reid: the women in america to make sure they do not have the ability to -- they have the ability to not get pregnant because mosquitoes ravage pregnant women. >> they turned down the money they argued for last day and then decided to gamble for the -- may, and then decided to gamble with the lives of children like this. senator mccain: all of these in our nation,al and the greatest number of refugees is world war ii. >> gun legislation in kernel justice reform. -- criminal justice reform. speaker ryan: every part of this house wants to see less gun violence.

lucy: we need for -- pelosi: -- >> impeaching john andrew confident, commissioner of the internal revenue service for high crimes and his demeanors. >> we will review the expected congressional debate with the senior correspondent for "the washington examiner." join us at 8:00 p.m. eastern tonight for congress this fall. >> in our road to the white house coverage, donald trump at the american legion convention. we will show that to you momentarily. also vice president joe biden stumping for hillary clinton in ohio. on the immigration speech we --ered, leslie chance has of sanchez of cbs news tweets out --

>> of course, heading into the labor day weekend starts the official start of the general election campaign. breakingrom john -- bernie sanders to campaign for hillary clinton at lebanon high school on labor day afternoon. you can tell you about our debate coverage beginning on september 26, the first presidential debate at hofstra university in hempstead, new york. there is a vice presidential debate on the fourth. sunday, october 9, and the last of the three, university of nevada, las vegas. all of that live here on c-span. the stream them all live on c-span.org. we mention donald trump speaking to the american legion -- their national convention in cincinnati. the group heard from hillary

clinton yesterday, and heard from donald trump today, talking about his plans for veterans, and reiterated some of what he talked about with the mexican president yesterday. ♪ [applause] mr. trump: thank you very much. what a great honor and privilege to speak to you today. the american legion is very, very special, so thank you very much. i want to thank commander dale barnett, your vice commanders, and your constitutional officers. you have all done such an incredible job. the fact is you are incredible people. [applause] mr. trump: the men and women of the american legion represent

the best -- absolute best of america. strength, courage, selfless devotion. your organization and its members have done so much to defend our country, our flag, and to advance the cause of americanism, not globalism. remember, america first, america first. [applause] you are one group i don't have to tell you to remember it also. you know it. we are in your debt, very deeply. i will never let you down. [applause] mr. trump: together, we are going to work on so many shared goals, but i want to begin by discussing one goal that i know -- that i know is so important to you -- promoting american

pride and patriotism in america's schools. [applause] mr. trump: very important. [applause] mr. trump: in a trump administration, i plan to work directly with the american legion to uphold our common values and to help ensure they are taught to america's children. [applause] mr. trump: we want our kids to learn the incredible achievement of america's history, its institutions, and its heroes, many of whom are with us today, i can tell you. including, by the way, two special people -- mayor rudolph giuliani, and senator jeff sessions. they are right here. [applause] mr. trump: we will stop apologizing for america, and we will start celebrating america.

[applause] mr. trump: we will be united by our common culture, values, and principles, becoming one american nation -- one country, under one constitution, saluting one american flag, and always saluting it. [applause] mr. trump: the flag all of you helped to protect and preserve -- that flag deserves respect, and i will work with the american legion to help to strengthen respect for our flag. you see what is happening. it is very, very sad. [applause] mr. trump: and, by the way, we want young americans to recite

the pledge of allegiance. [applause] mr. trump: in addition to teaching respect for the flag, we also have to make sure we give our military the tools they need to defend that flag and to deter violence and aggression from our foreign adversaries, of which there are many. [applause] mr. trump: we will rebuild our depleted military and pursue a state-of-the-art missile defense. we will do it based on those three very famous words -- peace through strength.

[applause] mr. trump: we will make sure our soldiers, sailors, airmen, and marines have the best equipment, training, schools, anywhere in the world. no one will be able to compete with us and we will ensure they have the best medical care in the world in the service, and when they return home as civilians. [applause] mr. trump: that will require a total reform of the veterans administration. it is in very short -- very sad shape. i deal with veterans all of the time. we have tremendous veterans support, and the stories i hear are so sad. we are not going to have that anymore. [applause] mr. trump: i have laid out a 10-step v.a. reform plan that

you can review on my website. here are the basics. i will appoint a secretary of veterans affairs whose personal mission will be to clean up the v.a. the secretary's soul bend will be to serve our veterans -- not bureaucrat, not politicians, but our great veterans. [applause] mr. trump: i am going to use every lawful authority to remove and discipline anyone who fails our veterans or breaches the public trust -- which is what it is, it is a public trust -- i will appoint a commission to investigate all the wrongdoing at the v.a., and there is plenty, and then present those findings to congress as the basis for reforming the entire system. we are going to get you

fantastic service. it is going to happen. believe me. [applause] mr. trump: we will ensure every veteran in america gets timely access to top, quality care, including the best care in the world for our female veterans. [applause] mr. trump: the veterans health system will remain a public system because it is, after all, a public trust, but never again will we allow any veteran to suffer or die waiting for care. that means veterans will have the right to go to a v.a. facility, or have the right to see a private doctor or clinic of their choice -- whatever is the best, fastest for veterans. people are not going to die

waiting on line to see a doctor. it is not going to happen. [applause] mr. trump: the veteran will be in total control. should i have the honor of serving as president, we are also going to start facing the world with confidence again. we are going to uphold the laws of the nation and defend our sovereignty, and security, and we are going to defend our border. [applause] mr. trump: i just came back from a wonderful meeting with the president of mexico where i expressed my deep respect for the people of his country, and for the tremendous contributions of mexican americans in our country, and they have made tremendous contributions. many are in our armed services. you know how good they are. i want to again thank him for

his gracious hospitality, and express my belief that we can work together to accomplish great things for both countries -- that is mexico and the united states. [applause] mr. trump: we agreed in the meeting on the need to stop the illegal flow of guns, drugs, cash, and people across the border, and to take out the cartels -- have to get rid of those cartels, and we have to do it quickly. our country is being poisoned. our country is being poisoned. [applause] we are also talking about and talked about the importance of working to keep jobs and wealth in our hemisphere. a more prosperous mexico means fewer illegal border crossings and a better market for products made in the united states.

when i am president, i am going to look at every trade deal we have across the world and see what steps must taken to protect american jobs and create american jobs and create new opportunities for the american worker. the american worker has been forgotten, and we are not going to let that happen. [applause] mr. trump: we will fight for every last american jobs, and we will have friendships with other countries, but they will not take advantage of us any longer. that i can tell you. [applause] mr. trump: we are going to show ourselves and the world, again, what a strong and growing american economy can look like. we are going to give major tax relief to every worker and small business in this country. bring thousands of new countries and millions of new jobs back to

our shores, and unleash an american energy revolution, which we have to do. we will also be appointing justices of the united states supreme court who you will be very proud -- you will be extremely proud when we name them. you have already seen some of the people and the kind of people that we want. justice scalia passed away recently. serves as an absolute perfect focal point. he is the kind of person we want on the united states supreme court. [applause] mr. trump: i will nominate men and women to the court who need the high standard of justice scalia, and judges who have the wisdom and integrity to follow the law, and not just make it up

any way they want to make it up. [applause] mr. trump: above all, these next four years i will be uncompromising in the defense of the united states and our friends, and our good allies. we are going to end the era of nationbuilding, and create a foreign policy joined by our partners in the middle east to -- that is focused on destroying isis and radical islamic terrorism. [applause] mr. trump: we will extend the hand of friendship to any nation that will work with us in good faith on this vital mission, and we want this mission to be a cop -- accomplished quickly. at the same time, we will change our immigration screening procedures to help keep terrorists and extremists out of

our country. [applause] mr. trump: we have enough problems. our country has enough problems. we do not need that one. that includes stopping the influx of syrian refugees. [applause] mr. trump: incredibly, my opponent, hillary clinton, wants a 550% increase in refugees from that region. hard to believe. i, on the other hand, want to build a safe zone overseas, and use the money saved to build and -- to invest in america. we do not want to let anyone in our country who doesn't support

our values, and is not capable of loving our people. [applause] mr. trump: it is time to create a new american future for you, your children, and all american children yet to come. in this future we will have an honest government that includes an honest state department, not pay for play. [applause] mr. trump: she probably didn't mention that to you yesterday. [laughter] mr. trump: government access and favors will no longer be for sale, and important e-mail records will no longer be deleted and digitally altered, which is something they just found out two days ago. bleached, bleached -- an expensive process, why? why?

33,000 e-mails bleached through a very expensive process. you ask yourself what is going on. we will have an efficient federal process. no more waste. no more throwing away tax dollars. once more, we will have a government of, by, and for the people. it will be -- [applause] mr. trump: it will be an inclusive society, one that offers hope and opportunity to every part of this country, including our inner cities. we will ensure that every child in this land, including african-american and hispanic children are put on the american ladder of success, meaning a

great education and a great job, which they are not getting now. [applause] mr. trump: we will follow the noble example of our military men and women working selflessly across all different races and incomes and backwards to achieve -- and backgrounds to achieve unity and accomplish amazing things. you are amazing people. just in case you did not know that, ok? amazing people. ladies and gentlemen of the american legion, i ask today for the honor of your vote. working in unison, we can deliver the real american change our country so desperately needs. we will make -- we will make america strong again. we will make america proud again. we will make america safe again.

we will make america great again. thank you very much, and god bless you. thank you. thank you. thank you very much. ♪ [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2016] [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. visit ncicap.org] ♪

lisa: and you have been ♪

♪

gentlemen, let's give one more round of applause for the republican candidate for president, donald trump.

>> with the house and senate returning from their summer break next week, join us tonight at 8:00 eastern. we will preview 4 key issues facing our guest this fall. combating the zika virus.

sen. reid: women today want to have the ability to not get pregnant because the mosquitoes ravage women. cornyn: today they turned down the very money they argued for last may and decided to gamble with the lives of children like this. >> the defense policy bill. senator mccain: all these are vital to the future of this nation. in a time of turmoil and a time of the greatest number of refugees since the end of world war ii. >> gun violence legislation and criminal justice reform. rep. ryan: every member of this body, every republican and democrat, wants to see less gun violence. rep. pelosi: we must continue to work the work of nonviolence and demand the end to senseless killing everywhere. >> and the resolution of congress to impeach the irs commissioner.

>> house resolution impeaching the commissioner of internal revenue service for high crimes and misdemeanors. >> we will review the expected congressional debate with the senior congressional correspondent for "the washington examiner." join us tonight at 8:00 eastern for c-span, "congress this fall." >> saturday night, discussion on the american foster care system the event features film producer and social entrepreneur peter samuelson, the president of a charity helping abused and neglected children get into college. >> everything done to foster kids makes them feel as though their worthless. we have this thing where i live called the seven-day notice. it is a three-part form. one is written by foster placement. one part sister child protective services, take this young person

away, i don't want them here anymore. the second copy they keep. the third copy goes to foster care. we have kids who have lived in 15 houses or 15 group homes in their career in foster care. what happens when everything that -- every time something -- all teenagers act out. god knows i did. what are we doing in a family? you say you are grounded. you don't get pocket money this month. that is a dreadful, unhelpful thing that you did. don't do it again. learn from this. what we don't do is say "you are gone, out, i never want to see you again." that is not what happens in a family. when it happens to these kids repeatedly, what is the message of that? -- you feela worm like a worm, you are three inches tall. the benefit of many

philanthropists is they are 10 feet tall. >> and now, discussion on u.s. immigration policy. a reminder, too, that the special on saturday, peter samuelson, saturday at 9:00 eastern on c-span. and now to a discussion on u.s. immigration policy including the status and impact of president obama's deferred deportation programs, from today's "washington journal." washington journal continues. host: here at the table is randy capps, director of the migration policy institute. let's just begin, our viewers have heard a lot. dhaka.tart with who is eligible and what does it mean? >> it is for people that came to the u.s. before they were 16

.ears old they have to either graduate from high school or role -- enroll in the school. also in the country since 2007 at what they get is not a legal status. there has been a lot of confusion. we get a two-year reprieve from deportation and they get work authorization. that is the program that is in place right now. how many have applied to the status and what is the current -- of the program? guest: it hundred thousand people have applied in a little .ver 700,000

it is an active program and a lot of people have renewed already more than 90% of the people who are eligible to renew for their two-year term. host: do they have a card? guest: they get a work authorization card and that allows them legally work and pay and have a security social security number, allows them to get a drivers license in all the states, and they also get the peace of mind that they will not be deported. doppler --about dapa? guest: it is for any unauthorized person who has been in the country for five years.

our estimate was that is about 4 million or so additional be old. .here is some overlap that has some benefit. three-year.e been a bank -- three-year period. that was struck down by the courts. the supreme court did not issue a decision. court based onr the suit brought by 26 days that exceeded the president possesses authority. the supreme court upheld the suspension with a tied 4-4. host: so the lower court

decision stood. these states sued and were led by the state of texas. these are the state that did not sue. that program is in limbo, is that correct? the initialse of injunction, they cannot plan for .t there is no activity at all with that program. host: do parents under the did they start to apply? guest: they cannot. host: so those people could be deported. time, yes but at the same november 14, the obama administration announced a new dapa and enforcement priorities. the same people who would be eligible for dapa are not on the priorities list.

they could be deported in theory but it is not likely. [laughter] host: what are they eligible to get? guest: the basic program like medicaid, food stamps, welfare. they are eligible for social security and medicare eventually , when they're old enough, if they pay and 10 years worth. they could pay in and get those benefits related to the payroll tax. but also, some states for additional health care, but that is state policy, federal policy.

talk about deportation. first under president obama? what does his record look like? guest: he has deported more people than any other president, almost 3 million. host: who has he deported? it wasat the beginning, less targeted than now. a lot of people who were picked up a state and local police and then fingerprinted in jail and then taken into custody and deported. it has become narrower in recent years and the total numbers have an falling. additionally, a large number of people now, two thirds of the total deported from the border directly. said a recent headline that is at a 10 year low. we are showing our viewers now that he has deported more than any other president. 91% deportees in

2015, previously convicted of a prime -- a crime. donald trump say the first he would deport our system acted criminals. would that be different from what president obama is doing? he said he would reinstitute the securities program which ended in 2014 and was replaced. he said he would support any person convicted of any crime. that is going back to the way things were at the record levels of deportations, about three or four or five years ago. that is a distinction, where you draw the line. if you are going to support somebody because they have a traffic dilation, because they shoplift, because they are fishing without a license? all these people have been deported in the past and now they are saying it will be felons, violent crime, and much more serious misdemeanors. host: take a look at how it

breaks down. removal under this president, thosembers in red are convicted criminals who are deported in the numbers in lieu are the non--- noncriminal immigration violators. you can see that it's a much larger number in 2008 and 2009. it continues and then convicted criminals started to make up more of the number of deportees as a number of the deported comes down. let's get to calls. joe is in maryland. good morning to you. go ahead. caller: good morning. the first thing i want to say is continue to say donald trump is not a politician. he is running for office so that makes him a politician. on the immigration thing, all they have to do in congress is to set up bills that have

already been presented and pass those bills. they want to pass on the way the republicans want to pass them, one at a time. it is already sitting there. do your. -- do your job, pass the bills. host: ok. let me get in john, great falls, independent caller. there are a lot of questions and comments. program is daca totally illegal. why can't educated people in washington dc understand the rule of law? but go back to the rules on the books, what about all the programs. if i is american citizen break the law, i expect to be punished. these people break the law by crossing the border and they get rewarded. a comment from your guests there on the rewards that are received. not only the jobs and being deported, not only a classification of deportation where, well, you only got one

dui, so we will not deport you. that is a whole thing. we need to go back to the rule of law. guest: in response to john, i peopleay first of all, who committed crimes like other people in the country, they their prison sentences first. they have already been punished for whatever crime they have committed. additionally, if it is serious enough, and that includes in the rule, just one dui is enough and they are deported. they are punished twice for that. as far as people coming across the border illegally, i would agree that is something that needs to be tightened up. i think the obama administration has been doing that. order apprehensions now are at a 50 year low. you look at the population coming in illegally, it seems to

be about a 50 year low. very effective here maybe we could do more, but as far as benefits are concerned, immigrants are not eligible for hardly any public benefits in the country. host: why do people have a perception that they are getting welfare and health care, that they are on medicaid, etc.? are two think there parts to that. there is some confusion around that. i agree with john that it is true they are coming to work and getting income from jobs. that is important and a huge benefit to their families and to our economy. they are doing certain jobs that add to our economy, health deport other people, they pay earnings,d on their but it is obviously a benefit to them and their families and that is the main and they are coming here for.

health care and food stamps, those kinds of benefits, the reality is these unauthorized immigrants live in families with legal immigrants. other people in their families are eligible for these benefits. i suppose one could argue that the unauthorized immigrants are indirectly benefiting from this and that may be the perception heart of the reason why there is that perception but the reality is they themselves are not getting these benefits. host: when you say they pay taxes on the earnings, how so? guest: at the state and local level, everyone pays sales taxes. they will not ask you your status before they charge you the tax and what you are buying. everybody pays property taxes. they do not own a home, if they rent, it is passed through by the landlord. most research suggests that

somewhere between half and three quarters of unauthorized immigrants do pay income taxes. a large amount is flowing into social security, estimates more than $10 billion paid by unauthorized immigrants. they don't have a valid social security number, they are not going to get that back, but they are paying that in. host: republican, carolina. when the immigrants come into this country, when they leave their country, they also break up their family and the country they are coming from. they come here to get jobs, but there are no jobs. the american people cannot find jobs here they cannot find good paying jobs. they have to take two or three part-time jobs to make ends meet. putree that you need to

american people back to work and if you do not get the industry back in this country, we don't get any money. if you do not make a product and sell it, you do not benefit from that country -- company. theseyear, to give to all foreign countries that hate us and use us, i think it is wrong if we continue to pay mexico millions of dollars, and there are people coming across the border to buy trucks. higher tos became help these other countries. i watched as a company left the u.s. to go abroad with cheaper thing labor is the first that you can decrease overall cost of your company. is absolutely she

right. there is a jobs crisis, a good jobs crisis. unemployment is low but we know there is a lot of discouraged workers, low participation, and wages have not kept up with cost-of-living and a lot of the country. i do not think that immigration is to blame for that. funny mentioned the movement of jobs overseas, not good support from the government for the average worker, that has a lot to do with that. i would say when you look at where immigrants move, and particularly where unauthorized immigrants move, they tend to go where the jobs are. your strongest jobs market like ,wo years ago one oil went down a lot of immigrants moving there, before the recession, six or seven years ago, it was a self east. the southeast is not doing as well now but you do not the immigrants moving, the poorest

states. you do not see immigrants going where there are not jobs. they are subject to the same realities of the american worker . what is the availability of jobs? host: our mexican illegal immigrants, are they coming across the border for those jobs in the volume that they have in the past? guest: they are not. that is another very important point and thank you for raising that. 2007, you had very large numbers of people coming across the border. at one point in 2000, there were over one million just in one year. to a total ofn 300,000, just over 300,000, and half of them are not from mexico anymore. the number of people who have been apprehended trying to cross the border from mexico has declined by five to 10 times.

in the economy has a lot to do with that. just as many people going back to mexico every year as are coming in. for the last five years, there has in no net increase for the number legal or illegal -- or illegal in the country and a lot of it has to do with the poor job market. we were down in texas earlier this year and saw firsthand and talk to homeland security and border security officials who were telling us where they are seeing increases is from countries where people are trying to escape violence. in, are turning themselves not always, but some are hoping to get asylum. yes, that is the other half of it. last year and this year, about the same pace. about half of them are from central america. guatemala, honduras.

over 100,000it, were families or children traveling alone. they are fleeing horrific conditions. the highest murder rates in the world outside of a war zone. gang violence, a massive drought, very big food security problems, conditions that are much worse than the conditions in new mexico. some of that is economics but a lot of it is humanitarian. a lot of them are women and children. not coming and trying to escape or climb over or around a wall or something like that. you can see this if they're going to south texas, they are getting a boat and floating across and serenity -- surrendering themselves in large numbers. it is a different kind of migrating -- migration crisis. it is not rooted in the jobs and economy anymore nearly like it

was 10 years ago. a bigrooted in humanitarian crisis in that region. fortunately for us, and for the there are not nearly as many people living in central america as there are only 20 million total population in those three countries. so it will never become the same waves likeigration it was with the mexican population 10 or 15 years ago. in pennsylvania, joanne, independent. welcome to the conversation. caller: yes, i am for donald trump on the wall. drugs thatep the are coming into america and the guns, and we need to keep them, -- the safety -- don't talk the safety of america, we need to keep a wall.

we need a wall and inside the wall, we need people to, you , to get people in here legally. host: we will take your comment. guest: absolutely guy think both mexico and the u.s. realize there is a big crisis along the borders as well as along the southern border with new mexico with drugs and guns and the smuggling of people, which is a there isthing, but already, what people may not realize is there is already a wall of some kind and in some cases, two or three walls, across about one third of the border, and there is about two thirds where there is not a wall yet but a lot of that is remote and passable territory, a river, mountains, areas where people cannot cross through. the question is how much more wall do we need and the department of homeland security has said he for that we have all

we need for that. what we need is the technology, but we need is the manpower to patrol. we are spending something on the order of 23 in dollars per year on immigration enforcement. than thate a lot more if we had to put a wall on the entire border. so again i agree with joann in the concept that we need a secure border, but the wall is not the only piece of the puzzle. i also agree with her that illegal immigration is important. you need a balance, freedom of movement back and forth, which is what we are trying to facilitate now. a price tag of putting up a border along the border, they said estimates range anywhere from five billion to 25 the and. that is a big difference. guest: you know for people

who left into the border, it is hard to know exactly how much things will cost. river,aces, there is a areas where there are 1000 foot lifts on either side of the border, so getting roads in there to actually build the wall and get materials in is much more expensive in some places than others share the areas that are walled up now are the big urban areas where it is the easiest, where the infrastructure already exist. it will be much harder and more expensive in remote areas. it costs $60 million to build 3.5 miles of wall in one part of san diego. that is 15-20,000,000 dollars .er mile that gives you an idea of how hard and expensive it can be. we will go to denver,

colorado, democratic caller. help me with your name. you're on the air. caller: yes, what i'm asking about is donald trump talks about immigration and the losing of jobs. some of his businesses outsourced to other countries. itother question is why is it is from the south and not from the north? helping seven countries like programs thatment would list the number of legal immigrants crossing the border? thank you very much. guest: i think that is a great question about development. mexico has been developing and the is another reason why

numbers of mexican immigrants trying to cross the border illegally has dropped so much. happened just what with our economy. there is economy has proved a lot. we only hear the bad stories about mexico. lanes,y produce air computers, they have a lot of , a lot of entering automobiles, they may even produce more than inside the united states and that is an outsourcing issue but the reality is there are more and more good jobs in mexico and .ore and more highly educated the country has been developing and that has a lot to do with the migration pressures. just a faction of what it is in mexico. poverty is much worse. the u.s. government is involved

in guiding lines for prosperity, money to help societies, a lot ,f it has to do with security but some of it is also for economic development and for jobs where people get deported from the united states, where they will not try to return. james is watching us in texas, independent caller. what is the name of your town? caller: it's a little town about six miles north of the border. is only about five minutes down across the river. host: southern part of the state? write down where the river runs into the gulf of mexico. host: what's your experience like living there? caller: well i just wanted to say that it seems like your speaker has got it will down for

most everything, but what i we haveke to know is got a fence but it is not a good fence. every couple of miles, you have got a wide opening you could just walk through or drive your tractor through or truck. so it does not matter for the immigrants whether they are picked up, the riverside of the fence, the other side of the fence, 60 miles north, inspection center or at the because they are all given due process by the immigrations, which seems to be doing a good job down here. up,oon as they are picked they go through a quick catch and release system, almost all of them are. we have got a problem right now for theseough us is folks to leave our area, headed towards other parts of the united states.

you are saying they are caught and released into the united states? or they are caught and put into the process for extradited removal and sent back? caller: no, they are just released now. we just had another large descents -- detention center closed because it was a private detention centers so there was no place to keep them so the federal judges say they have to be released because we do not have enough immigration judges. host: i do not know if you can speak to this but there is a distinction to be made. if you are from mexico or canada, you are put into the process for extradited removal. guest: james is at the center of the action. across,ople are coming children in coming from central america, that is where the , he iss are coming

absolutely right about the families. adults traveling alone are not caught and released. they get expedited removal and are held in detention up until the minute they are deported and they are sent back on planes directly to those countries several times a week in some countries, several times a day. with familiess who get their day in immigration court first. it is a problem of not enough immigration justices. it takes years about what -- until a final decision is made about whether they will be deported. as mentioned earlier, it is so horrific in these countries, they have every reason and every right to claim asylum.

not have a is we do system. we spent more on immigration than we do on all other federal and criminal law enforcement combined. dollart pennies on the on immigration court. these families and children, they should be getting their day in court. represented.ays that is a true catch and release. she is right about that, that is a big problem. they're seeing instances in africa, coming from syria, families right there on the border, what happened to show up at the border and you are from cuba? cuba has a separate policy that has been in place

for decades. foot,a wet foot drive that is what they call it for short. stepping foot on dry land anywhere in the u.s., you are automatic given a refugee status. take the cubans out of the equation because they are a separate group, as far as people , asia, more and more are showing up at the border but the numbers are very small, just a few thousand a year. in the long run, that group probably could grow if the word is out that you could get into the asylum process in the u.s., you are released during that process, it will take a couple theears, i know administration has been wrestling with this and trying to detain families so it will not the catch and release but the courts have been overruling them so we are caught.

once again, the main thing mentioned is the lack of enough immigration justices. we heard the story of children being told from their guides in central america, keep walking, they bring them to a certain point, they say just keep walking and then turn yourself in. guest: i have been to that , andion in texas, not far there is a park on both sides. they go across and walked to where there is a border patrol officer and they surrender. building a wall does not address the problem. they are surrendering. you do not read -- neither resources. you need to spend resources and immigration system to decide whether or not they have a valid asylum. host: back to calls.

susan, virginia, independent caller. thank you, thank you for c-span. i appreciate you and hope you try to stay as factual as possible, not the left or the right. i appreciate you because you do educate people out here. i appreciate you also, mr. capps. my mom came after world war ii and many people came over by boat, i guess they came over here knowing they were going to contribute. they came with trades. streets and bridges and , we lost thate along the way. it seems that we have lost that along the way. are, not know who they

they get locked into the country. i did listen to trump'speech yesterday and they got me in the center-right in my gut because what he said first of all, it scared me and i just want to know, is it human behavior to change or are people trying to get in here, are they so trying to get in here because they have something to offer? guest: you got right to the heart of the emotional round of immigration. you look at most states in the country, what is the number one -- they'reauthorized still out there building houses and bridges and buildings just like prior groups of immigrants. a lot are involved in manufacturing jobs.

they're cutting of the chickens and the cows and doing the dirty work to get the food to us so we can eat it. they are involved in all sorts of service sector jobs. as we discussed earlier, they do not have access to unemployment insurance and other things the way other american workers do. working hard and they are making those contributions. the skill levels were not that high but neither were those for europeans. they started at the bottom and work their way up. immigrationnged is policy. in the early 20th century, it came from europe, there were no questions asked. quotas.re no there were uncertain groups later in the century but in the near -- in the initial partner or none. even after they were imposed, it was only four countries -- some

countries and not for others. now there are certain categories people have to apply for. it is a million or more people who get in legally every year for permanent residence. but there are still more people who come in and that is what -- that is why people have to come in illegally. they do not qualify for them so now they are in this black market status and on all sides of the spectrum, people do not like that. a problem for the business sector because they are unable to get the jobs that make the and it is aive problem for the government because we do not know where people are and exactly what they are doing. create more competition that undercuts american workers if you have got undercuttinge used

wages. it is something that needs to change but it is a difficult problem, so many people in the category. i donaldutions offered trump, one is to create a deportation task force. what would that cost, how would that be different than what is happening now? it is more of what we had getting back to the earlier before then about obama administration narrowed the scope, more of the police onolvement, fewer restraints who can be deported, it is all crimes, more -- more officers to carry out deportations. even in the speech, donald trump was clear to apply to people who had been convicted of a crime. and areho had not been

just now trying to cross the border, are not going to be subject to deportation. it is unclear what he would do with the other group. he left that to the future, but our analysis suggests there is only 700,000 that have been convicted of a serious crime and maybe a couple hundred thousand -- host: is overstaying a visa a crime? guest: no it is not. it is technically an administrative violation but crossing the border is. you can get charged with prison time for that. people upquite a few to six month sentences three crossing another time illegally. our analysis suggests there is 9.5 million that border crossers have not been convicted of a crime.

still a really large group of people and i honestly think donald trump in his speech kick the can down the road yet again, the same thing politicians have doing for the last 25 or 30 years. they have not come up with a solution for the status of these nine .5 million people. i think he knows and understands it is prohibited in a lot of different ways. host: coming up. to the last hour washington journal after our discussion with you. should there be a pathway to citizenship -- q did a study i want to share with viewers. a priority for dealing with illegal immigration, or should both the given priority? -- 29% said a way for those in the if theybecome citizens

meet requirements. said both are asked to choose one, overall percentages say the bigger priority is a way for those in the united states to become city , 65%. guest: i believe other polls have shown even -- even a majority of her post have approved a status if it is combined with border security. that is what the immigration reform did not pass the house a few years ago, it was all about it. border security and the resolution status for most, not all, unauthorized in the country. that was popular. again, congress has not done its job.

your first caller mentioned this. i was born in 1965. that is when the current immigration system was created years ago. it was revised in 1990. the last time there was any resolution to this by congress was 1986, 30 years ago. is how long it is taking congress to address the problem. i think that is a root of the problem, but i believe there is a public will of people understanding information and understanding facts and understanding the need for security. i believe both parties, the obama administration, the donald trump campaign, they get the need for security and understand the need for vetting and ,creaming and order security the they also understand the economic contributions that we talked about this our and they

understand the fact that you cannot just deport 10 million lot in ourout a country and those individuals. some resolution or compromise is necessary. we can only hope that after this election, that after all of the debates we are having, and it is good that we are having them, because people are thinking about the issue in a constructive way, i hope, that we can sit down and congress can host: sit down and do the hard work. host:john -- host: john in tennessee, democrat. caller: i would like to comment on randy. you seem very knowledgeable about immigration. i have a couple of questions. increase ourn't we funds that we give to the countries in horrific shape like

anduras, el salvador, with all the is that requireill either a vacation, would like for you to comment on that see the would help to reduce illegal immigration. host: e-verify. guest: the e-verify thing is really important. for those of you who are not familiar with it, now you have to present paper documents showing you are a citizen or a legal resident to get a job and this would make it electronic. , there areonically proposals to try to add things

to it, a biometric, like a fingerprint or some security questions they ask you when you get a credit card or go to your bank account. there is need to beef up the system. making it mandatory and really beefing it up, that is absolutely important, a big component and way forward. absolutely. a lot of them come here by the company's choice. they bring them here. guest: there has been some recruitment. people recruited, for instance i mentioned earlier, shaking processing plants in the south and midwest, they needed a lot and they were advertising in mexico and central america.

there is less of that now because we discussed earlier, the lower skilled and of the u.s. job market has not fully recovered from the recession. not the same great times to go out and recruit for these jobs but i am sure there is still some recruitment going on. for: there is a benefit those who benefit from cheap labor. how is it a benefit to the economy as a whole? host: -- guest: because people get paid. they pay rent and buy groceries and they spend money in local communities. that employs other people and the lower the wage, the less the benefit, clearly. the reason why some people argue in favor of minimum wage, for instance. the reason why unauthorized immigrants had work authorization, just the work authorization they had with daca

and dapa we talked about at the beginning of the hour, they are more likely to make money and spend it more freely in the local economy. walks in theicy audience, the migration policy institute takes a look at that four,m for children at you can go to the website and dig into that if you like. republican. caller: good morning. i admire the work ethic of illegals, and i think our country could not be as productive without that work. cost and see a social the health care system and emergency rooms and the educational system, we have to take -- teach people english and bring them along to the american way of life, and also social services. multibillion-dollar, he would

be in the fortune 500 and terms of drug dealing, he has been responsible personally for killing thousands of people, and his wife came to america to have her baby. so the person we are trying to extradite, being on trial, the biggest gangster in the history of the world, his wife had his daughter in america. numbers on how many illegals have come over and had american children in america and are tapping into the public social system of free health , free education? wouldis a social and i like to hear your costs on how you quantify how much america has to give. you look on one side and you

have people we love to see, arch norio, we love those people, but ,e also have a number of people you see them using wic at the grocery stores. your callers are just fantastic today. where people's concerns lie. one of the concerns that is most about is about social costs. on the one hand, you have workers who pay taxes and spend money at the local economy and have children, the estimate is about 4 million children born in the u.s. to unauthorized immigrants. those are all varying ages of to age 17. a lot of them do quality -- qualify because they are u.s. citizens, for food stamps and program,uch smaller

and there is the public school cost. you have to weigh those things. it is tough. child born in the u.s., they go to school and pay a little extra for the school, because they're coming to a debt from a poor family, that child learns and does really well in , near the graduating high school, they go to college and become an engineer. it is also an investment and you costs, the short-term probably most of the growth of the future workforce will come from children of immigrants. of the reason we do not have a declining and rapidly aging population like in europe and japan. they have children and the second generation become

productive adults. i think it is an -- in our interest to recognize the children not just as a short-term cost, which they may -- but as future workers, in and if they are healthier, the more productive the country will be. host: what impact does a declining population have on the country? to support them, social security system, based on the idea of a pyramid. it is four to one or something like that. in some countries, it is not hardly a. . a most becomes an inverse pyramid with a lot of retirees and few workers. we have escaped that fate because we have a great immigration system that brings so many people indirectly because so many unauthorized immigrants have commented as their children, regardless of

where we go with immigration policy, the children in the u.s. ,hat have immigrant parents us-born citizens, most of them will stay in the country and they will go on and hope to become productive future citizens. independent. glenn. caller: this whole thing is absurd. we are painted into a corner here. , every wordump about his fence or wall, all it means is essentially shutting down the border. how do you pay for it? some oft we just take what comes under the fence, sell it to colorado, and colorado can they go to pay for

the wall? this is how screwed up everything is. host: all right. virginia beach, independent caller. good morning, greta and randy. thank you for c-span. interested in just speaking about the border, the u.s. and mexico, or are you talking about the canadian border in the u.s., because michigan has a high population of syrians. guys doing about that? i have a relative who lives near their. i'm a little nervous, excuse me. it does not make sense to me to have all of those syrians there that have not a simulated to the u.s., they have their own schools that they created, their city, and their own now they're putting up zones and

practicing sharia law. host: i will leave it there and show our viewers the new york times put together a map today. refugee, thatian goal was reached this week and this map shows our viewers where many of them have been placed in the country. of all, the flow across the canadian border, the northern border versus a southern border. what is it like and who is coming for us? it is much smaller than what you see across the border. cannot is a morris -- wealthy and more sparsely populated country. not many people can get to canada in the first place. it is like us, geographically isolated. sharing a land border with central america were any other region that would have large numbers of people coming in.

it would be people who fly in and can may be have a fraudulent visa to get into canada, that would be the problem. there will clearly be some people in that category but not a lot. because they are a wealthy society, they have the same resources to control who comes and who leaves the u.s. and goes back to canada. as far as syrians are concerned, yes, we have reached 10000 and that is a drop in the bucket when there is a million or more in jordan, lebanon, and turkey. the number to europe is close to a million. large well of syrian refugees coming to the u.s. and given we have 100,000 a year, refugees from all over the world , it is unlikely to be a huge number. did in fact sheet and what

you see statistically generally from middle eastern him once, they are among the best educated and the most prosperous people in the united states. their college rates are way above average. some refugees coming and probably will not fit the profile but some will. differences,tural but that has happened before in u.s. history. startedcatholic schools by italian immigrants, communities, asian immigrant communities that provide support coat -- go on to school. it is not unusual for a tomunity to work together try to support themselves. it is troubling if they do that

over the long run and do not integrate with everybody else. the one you are talking about wealthy and relatively well-off individuals, there is no incentive for them to get extreme, because they are doing well here. host: stephen in michigan, a democrat. caller: i would like to say the way you have got to stop immigration is you have got to put the ceo's that hire these theme in jail and charged ,100,000 each illegal immigrant and start putting the guys who hire these people in jail. host: is there any punishment? guest: they have been doing some audits, the obama administration, but there was a time when they were doing audits. and then they are find.

if you go back before to the bush administration, they were raiding workplaces and arrest number of workers. do that and you're getting the unauthorized workers, but there were hardly ever any penalties for employers. there was one unscrupulous employer at a meatpacking plant that got serious prison time for multiple violations of labor laws but that is unusual. know or maybenot they do know what they're looking other way but you cannot prove it because of a fraudulent of the lack ofse consistent electronic verification that we talked about earlier. that is part of what you verify is supposed to solve and who isn't. that makes it harder for

companies to skirt around the law. even if you do that, there will be some bad employers that will go all of it like market and only employ people and pay cash. that is something that needs to be enforced. host: a republican on the line, go ahead. caller: hi, how are you? a medicallyee, i am retired veteran. i was retired just under 16 years. there is one thing i am not hearing much on anywhere. that has to deal with, we have join therants that military to do their service with emanation. they serve side-by-side with someone like me that was born here in america and a family history that stem is back to

sharecroppers. my thing is, everyone seems to want to look at the outside of people, and the point people want to pay attention to is growing up. in the military, you don't have a time to be kids. we are the ones that really make up the bulk of the country. taxes. pay for medicarey in and insurance. we pay everything in the same as they do. whenever they're dumb with their four years or six years that they are required to have, say they don't want to continue in the service than they get out. they have skills they can offer to the country because they learn of as a trade to the military. be it an officer, enlisted, or

warrant officer. that is one thing no one seems to want to talk about. it is all about all of nothing at the bottom or at the top. host: ok. guest: i think that is a great last call to end on. people don't realize that there are a lot of immigrant to the military who have made the ultimate sacrifice. because many of these immigrants have lower incomes it is an upward mobility path for them. i don't think to recognize that contributionnt system not just now, but historically in the u.s. military it has always had a lot of immigrant in its ranks. just like a labor market has always had a lot of immigrant employed. i think it isn't balanced not to into account. some of the policies that been discussed allowing unauthorized

or a wayo the military tuesday into the country illegally. i think some of them would willingly serve if allowed. host: one thing we haven't talked about that donald trump has talk about his century cities. what are they? guest: there were somewhere over 300 local jurisdictions that stopped cooperating with the federal government when it comes to sending people that .ere identified as deportable includes some big cities like separatist group, chicago, new york, miami. there are very degrees of them. would only allow would if it was a violent crime that would be for that person. refer that person. obama2014, the

administration has been renegotiating with these jurisdictions and trying to get them to come back on board if they want to cooperate in an even more limited way. they are trying to get that to happen. they are saying they have had success. maybe acomprehensive, third or half of those jurisdictions have come back on board. the century cities thing i think is kind of a catch all term. you have to think about what is wholly individual policies of these different places, and why they came into being. it is very complicated. likeimes it is a state law california that limits the level of cooperation. or, it is a long-standing executive order from a mayor like in chicago that there is no cooperation at all. there is a lot of variation. host: randy capps, if you want

to learn more go to your website, mygrationpolicy.org. >> at this hour, members of the florida delegation urging their constituents to get ready for the impending landfall of hurricane hermine. you can see the past hurricane is expected to take. landfall expected a few hours from now into possibly friday morning. a tweet from florida congresswoman saying there is still time to prepare. here are some tips to get ready. your cellto charge phone and fill your bathtub with water and by some propane or charcoal for cooking while there is a power outage. while florida is getting ready for hermine to make landfall, connecticut is dealing with

rainfall. has been raining a lot in connecticut. a tweet from democratic senator chris murphy, on the fourth day of his land walk across the state. taking pouring rain, cover inside a temporary firewood box on the side of the road in milford. joe wilson from south carolina also visiting with constituents while congress is on break. he tweets that this is the final day of his us tour through his state and thank you to all the remarkable businesses that have hosted them. take a look at this video he posted. an exciting week to be with constituents on the bus tour. it concludes as we travel around orangeburg and again, everywhere i go, it is inspiring to be around the people and it is the actual citizens, the people

working on the factory floor. it is my intent to shake hands and thank them for what they are doing and not interrupt. inspiring tot is meet the extruder he people. >> one more event to take note of this month as we are reminded by a tweet from house speaker paul ryan. he says the house of representatives will be holding a remembrance ceremony for the 15th anniversary of september 11. >> with the house and senate returning from their summer break, join us at eight :00 eastern when we will preview for key issues. federal funding to combat the zika virus. >> women in america today want to make sure they have the ability to not get pregnant. >> today, they turned down the money they argue for last may

and decided to gamble with the lives of children like this. >> the annual defense policy and programs bill. >> all of these votes are vital to the future of this nation in a time of turmoil and the time of the greatest number of refugees since the end of world war ii. >> gun violence legislation and kernel justice reform. >> every member of this body, every republican and every, crowd wants to see less gun violence. >> we must continue to work the work of nonviolence and demand an end to senseless killing everywhere. >> and the relevant -- resolution for congress to commissioner. , commissioner of the internal revenue service for high crimes and misdemeanors.

>> we will review the debate with the senior correspondent from the "washington examiner." join us tonight on c-span for congress this fall. teenager, jared adams was convicted of sexual assault and served 10 years before being exonerated with the help of the wisconsin innocence project. we will hear from him next. >> good afternoon and welcome to the city club of cleveland. i'm michael muty partner at baker hostettler. it is my pleasure to introduce jarred adams. i serve as the president of the northeast ohio chapter of the

american constitution society. it is a nationwide insurance of progressive lawyers, judges, students and professors all dedicated to the promise of our constitution and to the values that it embodies. civil rights and liberties, genuine democracy and access to justice. over the past few years our chapter has hosted various programs on various situations injustices and wrongful convictions specifically. we heard from ohio attorney general jim petro and his wife about the myths of our criminal justice system and how they produce wrongful convictions. to be clear they are both republicans which shows that this issue is not partisan. last year we heard from rickey jackson a clevelander who spent 39 years of his life behind bars

self of which were on death row for a crime that he did not commit. last year's convention was fortunate enough to visit jared adams who has a common experience. he was 17 years old when he was sentenced to 28 years in a maximum security prison after being convicted of sexual assault. after serving nearly 10 years and filing multiple appeals he was exonerated with the help of the wisconsin innocence project. rather than be overcome by bitterness he used the injustice that he had endured as an inspiration to become an advocate for the underserved. he enrolled in the loyola university chicago school of law after graduating from roosevelt university with high honors. in may 2015 mr. adams graduated from law school and started a

public interest fellowship with honorable ann claire williams a judge on the seventh circuit u.s. court of appeals. the same court that had reversed his conviction because of his trial lawyer's constitutional deficiencies. shortly thereafter he and fellow life after innocence antawn day established the life after justice center which serves as an advocate for the rights of the wrongfully convicted by seeking health care, housing, job training, computer skills, finance classes, mentoring and more. this past year mr. adams passed the new york state bar and just last month he joined the new york innocence project as one of its attorneys serving our profession and society by freeing wrongfully convicted machine and women.

since 1989 innocence projects have exonerated 342 wrongfully convicted inmates in 37 states. 70% of whom had been people of color. while his accomplishments are extraordinary part of mr. adams's story is not unique. according to a 2014 study published in the journal pnas more than 4% of those sentenced to death between 1973 and 2004 are likely innocent. many of color are disproportionately represented in the figure. it begs various questions. how do we combat racism in the criminal justice system to ensure suspects are treated as truly innocent until proven guilty? whether role can attorneys play in correct a system that is truly fair for all? the conversation on race,

equality and american criminal justice system is ongoing nationwide and here at the city club. we are so glad it add mr. adams's voice to the discussion. ladies and gentlemen, members and friends of the city club, please join me in welcoming jared adams. [applause] >> all right. thank you for joining us here today. mike, thanks for that great introduction. as i'm getting more and more speaking opportunities i have come to find the introduction is the best part. you get to hear somebody say great things about you. it is something me and mike worked on for over a year trying to get me to come to tell my story. i'm thankful for the city club having me here today. my story began when i was 17

years old. i thought it was a good idea to go with friends to a college part in wisconsin which is like an hour and a half outside of chicago. it changed the trajectory of my life forever. 17 years old, just in the name of fun. that 17-year-old many of you may be or getting close to we do things as kids without thinking of the repercussions. in my case, me just going to a party ended with me being falsely accused of a sexual assault i didn't commit. at age 17 like most 17-year-olds making out, sex, drinking without your parents knowing, smoking pot, that comes with being a teenager. with me it came with the false accusation and that changed everything. the reality for me was totally different after there

accusation. he was a kid thinking about even during trial about the chores i needed to do when i got home during the weekend but i ended up being sentenced to serve 28 years. my mother a single mother worked two jobs and wasn't enough to afford and attorney. that in many instances is the reason that our prison population is overfilling. it is access to justice. the prison system has a disproportionate number of block -- black and brown men but if we were green it we have a disproportionate amount of poor green people. being an attorney is more than saying i'm an attorney and wearing nice ties. we are promising and being sworn in to serve the people. that is exactly what i set out to do once was released. when i was sentenced in 1998 to prison, the first prison i went to was green bay, wisconsin.

it was one of the most violent prisons in the state of wisconsin. i fortunately was never attacked but you can't erase what your eyes see. prisoners in a place of corrections. it is a place of warehousing. i saw on a daily basis men just waking up, eating, going to sleep, then just waving a white flag on their lives. 90% of them would be men going home one day and i sat and i thought about that. at the same time while fighting for my freedom. that fight didn't start until one day while in the prison cell i was served,with a man close to 60 years and he was in prison about 20 years and he was an older white man who was found guilty of two murders and he would tell you look, i committed

the crime so i'm here. i know why i'm here. after an incident happened in the prison we were all on lockdown and you are pretty much in your cell and they do an investigation to find out if it is an isolated incident or if there is a full scale riot. while on lock i don't know the first time i had a conversation with somebody i had been in a cell with almost six months and during this time i so happened to have a prison phone call and i was calling out to my parents and they bring you the phone in your cell. everything is in your cell. the bathroom is in the cell. they feed you in your cell. so this phone call in my cell this day in the year 2000 was very, very, very instrumental in to me getting here today. as i'm speaking to my mother and aunt i tell them how they denied another one of my appeals and they basically were denying my

appeals throughout the state of wisconsin by saying your lawyer told you strategy after strategy you can't do over. they never addressed any of the witnesses that proved it was impossible for me to be two places at one time. they never addressed that. and me in prison i got to the point where i was in a cycle just like many of the people i was in prison with. i just didn't want to deal with my case. as i'm talking to my mother saying they denied another appeal i don't understand why. as soon as i got off the phone my cellmate said get off the top bunk. he was listening to everything i said on the phone because he was right on the bottom bunk. he said listen, i have been in this sell with you almost section months. i have never heard you say anything about innocence, your case, you don't do anything but work out, play basketball and