being cared for. it was asked how, if we would squeeze down so fast that we would strangle the economy in the process. that is an art, to follow all those variables and know when to let up and to nurse this economy back together with pulls and pushes. and there's no better man in the world to do that than that old artist, ross perot. and so i think that my closing statement is that i think i'm in >> i think i am in a room with people who are not living a life of reality. deepnited states is in trouble. we have got to have somebody that can get up there and bring out the fire hoses and get it stopped. that is what we are about in the perot campaign. bruno: thank you.

[applause] bruno: senator gore, your closing statement, sir. sen. gore: three weeks from today, our nation will make a fateful decision. we can continue traveling the road we have been on, which has led to higher unemployment and worse economic times, or we can reach out for change. if we choose change, it will require us to reach down inside ourselves to find the courage to take a new direction. sometimes it seems deceptively easy to continue with the old habits even when they're no longer good for us. trickle-down economics simply does not work. we have had an increase in all of the things that should be decreasing. everything that should have been increasing has been going down. we have got to change direction. bill clinton offers a new approach. he has been named by the other 49 governors, republicans and democrats alike, as the best and most effective governor in the

entire united states of america. he's moved 17,000 people off the welfare rolls and on to payrolls. he has introduced innovations in health care and education, and again, he has led the nation for the last two years in a row in the creation of jobs in the private sector. isn't it time for a new approach, a new generation of ideas and leadership, to put our nation's people first and to get our economy moving again? we simply cannot stand to continue with this failed approach that is no good for us. ultimately, it is a choice between hope and fear, a choice between the future and the past. it is time to reach out for a better nation. we are bigger than george bush has told us we are, as a nation, and we have a much brighter future. give us a chance. with your help, we'll change

this country, and we can't wait to get started. [applause] bruno: vice president quayle. thank you,quayle: hal. i'd like to use this closing statement to talk to you about a few people that i have met in these last four years. i think of a woman in chicago when i was talking to parents about education where she stood up and said "i'm sick and tired of these schools in this city being nothing but a factory for failure." and that's why we support choice in education. i was in beaumont, texas, and met with small business people, and they wanted to reform the civil justice system because they think our legal system costs too much and there's too much of a delay in getting an answer. i was in middletown, ohio, talking to a welfare woman, where she said "i want to go back to work and i had a job offered to me but i'm not going to take it because i have two

children at home and the job that is offered to me doesn't have health insurance." under president bush's health care reform package, that woman won't have to make a choice about going back to work or health care for her children, because she'll have both. i was in vilnius, lithuania, independence square, speaking to 10,000 people in the middle of winter. hundreds of people came up to me and said, " god bless america." yes, in the next four years, as i said, somewhere, some time, there's going to be a crisis, and you need to have a president that is qualified, has the experience, and has been tested. not one time during this evening, during 90 minutes, did al gore tell us why bill clinton is qualified to be president. he never answered my charges that bill clinton has trouble telling the truth. the choice is yours. the american people should demand that their president tell the truth. do you really believe -- do you really believe bill clinton will tell the truth? and do you, do

you trust bill clinton to be your president? [applause] bruno: that concludes this vice presidential debate. i'd like to thank vice president quayle, senator gore, admiral stockdale for being participants. the next presidential debate is scheduled for this thursday at 9:00 pm eastern time at the university of richmond in richmond, virginia. to all of our viewers and listeners, thank you and good night. [laughter] -- [applause] conversation]

>> and now, more road to the white house coverage on c-span. illary clan paying --

hillary clinton campaigning in harrisburg, pennsylvania. donald trump will be impressive valley, arizona. -- in prescott valley, arizona.

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>> just waiting here for hillary clinton. she is expected to be speaking in harrisburg, pennsylvania. we have a preview about tonight's vice presidential debate from the university, longwood university in farmville, virginia. we'll have a look at that while we wait for hillary clinton. over -- ryan stoper. >> talk about your role as a professor in the debate and what have you been teaching your students about not only the debate, but this year's election? my area of research is political communication, so this semester, i have been teaching a class about how the candidates communicate. we have been looking at how the

candidates are talking about issues. this year, especially with hillary clinton and donald a lot of character appeals, candidates talking about the personality qualities as opposed to policies and specific things like that. i have been able to talk about things like that in my one class and it has threaded through my other classes. i teach journalism, so it is a leading news story of the day and becoming -- and then coming to longwood. >> your students in your communication class or journalism classes, are they going to be directly involved in tonight's event? >> they are. it is a very exciting thing. abc is doing the feed tonight for the broadcasters and we have students in the trailer with them. i know we have students that have been driving golf carts around and shuttling people around.

major, wedia focused have students all over the place and getting an unbelievable opportunity with the media on campus. about theou talk significance of the university and the role it has played in the hosting of debate? we are one of the 100 oldest public institutions in the country. on one end of art campus, the civil war ended. on the other end, brown versus board of education got its start. we have a lot of civil rights history. being that type of campus and such a politically active and historic state of virginia, the campus and narrative itself played a large role in attracting the debate in the media attention. we have been blessed to have three networks doing all of the live broadcasts, more than that doing the broadcasts for the campus. that history of connecting civil rights and civil war and what we're doing now with our general education reforms, longwood

itself in the narrative of longwood itself, helped attract the presidential debate. >> i know you said specifically you do not engage many on their personal politics, but have they expressed an interest in voting this year? when it is particularly about their role in the election process, what are you taking away from the students? >> that is adjusting. i think i have 22 students in my class. how many of you registered to vote? 17 of them were registered. last week, i forced them in the computer lab to register to vote. all 22 are now registered to vote. for the most part, our students are engaged. a lot of them, it is their first presidential election they have the opportunity to vote in. i think they are getting sick of the candidates. there is a lot of media coverage in the candidates are getting. we are getting inundated with

the coverage of both these candidates. they are engaged. their political leanings are pretty strong to the left, but they are definitely engaged and excited for the election, for the opportunity to vote. host: as someone who studies political communication talk a little bit about mike pence and tim kaine. what do you gather from their styles? what will you tell your students about what to expect? >> this can be very interesting. we saw last monday at hofstra, a debate focused on the picture character issues. we had clinton addressing some policy issues. i think tonight is going to be interesting because we will get a lot more policy platform. what mikeious to see pence does. is he going to go more of the traditional republican party platform or have to expand some of donald trump's policies that we have not heard before?

i am not sure what kaine is going to be discussing tonight. the religioussly factor is more to come up tonight. tim kaine and mike pence, religion plays a large part in their governing, their previous political life. i think that issue is going to come up a lot tonight. we will have a lot of a different debate tonight than we did last monday. it is going to be much on policy focused and much more religious focused. it is going to be an interesting debate. unlike any other debate we will see in 2016 here. assistants the professor for communications studies with an interest not only in politics, but tonight's debate. thank you for your time. >> thank you so much, pedro. hillary clinton campaigning in harrisburg, pennsylvania. earlier today, she was in

philadelphia. this is a look inside the zembo shrine, running a bit late. she was scheduled you speak 30 minutes ago. on c-span2 at 5:00 eastern time, a donald trump rally in prescott valley, arizona. the presidential debate will be held sunday in st. louis, missouri. tonight, the vice presidential debate will start with a preview debate at nine :00 eastern time at longwood university in farmville, virginia. we spoke with the editor of the student run newspaper there. here is a look. >> editor in chief of the rotunda. good morning. >> good morning. how are you? fine, thank you. can you tell us about "the rotunda," what it is, and what you cover? >> we are along with universities student run newspaper. everything is completely done by students. we circulate about 500 neighbors a week. we are a weekly paper and we --

500 papers a week. we are a weekly paper. host: what are your plans for it? actually, we have the plan to have four people in the media filing center. we all got credentials for it. peopleee out of the four got tickets to go into the debate hall so will have a pretty amazing experience that not many students will have. one of us will be left alone in the media center to send off and cover the debate as it is going on. >> how has your publication in covering this? have you had a chance to talk with candidates yourself? >> we have not had the chance to talk with candidates, unfortunately. weding up to the debate, have done a lot of security coverage because that has been a major concern on campus, and trying to inform the campus about the different candidates,

so features on the vice presidential candidate and hillary clinton and donald trump. we are trying to make sure our campus is pretty informed on the politics and what is going on out there. >> what has been the mood on campus for this debate? is a little that bit of a tricky subject. actually, probably half of our campus has been very full about their conflict -- very vocal about their complaints about disruptions on campus. a lot of people are excited about the opportunity. majority of us are very happy the debate is here, especially since we all want to go and be with the media. my media credentials, some of us are working with cnn, fox. it is a great opportunity for all of us and we recognize that. host: you mentioned the security twice. what is the security around the

venue, and what were the concerned about? concerns about? >> there have been a few bombings and other areas. we just get a little nervous. we have been talking about the amount of public safety officials coming to campus and the coalition between farmville police, prince edwards, county sheriff's office, the police department and their efforts to keep us safe. volunteering that a lot of police officers are doing that are coming here from other agencies. that was a really interesting aspect that i got to cover last week. your as far as you and colleagues sitting in the debate hall tonight, what are some of the stories you are going to be planning, stemming from the debate tonight? for me, i am personally writing and editorial column about the student perspective. we have a special edition vice presidential debate, it

reflected experience type piece coming out on thursday that we're trying to put together. we are going to talk about the protests happening on campus, especially at the barricades. a lot of us went to hofstra university for the first presidential debate that we saw lots of options, opportunities for coverage here that we hope repeat itself, and that we are allowed to look at along with campus. host: are you already seeing protests happen? >> there was a gary johnson support of protest yesterday. >> ima spanish professor in a community volunteer. -- i am a spanish professor and a community volunteer. i came to this welcoming country when i was 11. i went to many of the same struggles as other immigrants who succeed and make a new life in america. country gave the

me many opportunities and opened many beautiful doors to my family and me. america is a country that welcomes immigrants, regardless -- [applause] [cheering] regardless of the color of our skin, language, and religion. [cheering] [applause] >> and we want to keep it that way. [applause] is to register as many citizens as possible to vote. and make sure they vote.

the last day to register is october 11. i have been reaching out to citizens in every corner of our community to register and vote. we still have many, many members of our community that do not know how to register, where to register, or where to vote. we still have much more work to do. yous my honor to introduce the next president of the united states, hillary clinton. [cheering] ♪

ms. clinton: hello. hello, harrisburg. wow. it is so great to be back in harrisburg for the home stretch of this election. [cheering] ms. clinton: i want to thank rosalina for her introduction. thank you all so much for being here. i want to thank your mayor. thank you, mayor. waltz.ou governor tom thank you, senator bob casey. all the other elected officials, and all of the people of harrisburg, and the larger area who want to see us win in

november. [cheering] ms. clinton: there are only 35 days left. can you believe it? and we have got to get everybody you know registered to vote. registration in pennsylvania ends on october 11. so if you are not registered yet or you know somebody who is not, i hope you will talk with them, and if you see that sign, those vote.com,there, iwill you can actually go to that website. your name in, put your address and, and make sure you are registered. we want to make sure everybody is off the sidelines in the election, making sure you are standing up for the kind of future we want to have.

i am closing this campaign the way that i started my career, fighting for kids and families. [cheering] ms. clinton: standing up for fairness and opportunity, for justice, equality, taking on all those kitchen table issues that keep people up at night. and, you know, i want to go through and really bring people together around, making sure that every family has the tools they need to get ahead and stay ahead. that is a basic bargain of america, and i want to be sure that we do everything we can in this campaign to draw the contrast between me and my opponent. [cheering] ms. clinton: i do not think you

could have two more different people asking for your vote. twomore different visions, more different set of values and experiences, and we have to make sure that everybody, everybody understand what is at stake. yesterday, in ohio, i laid out an aggressive agenda for taking on the kind of corporate fraud and abuse that we have seen from wells fargo and other corporations[. [-- corporations. [cheering. ] ms. clinton: we are going to rewrite the rules. we are going to create more fairness, and by creating more fairness, we're going to give to getmore of a chance better jobs with rising income. that is the way it should work. we are going to empower those

companies willing to take the high road, companies that invest in their employees, companies who play by the rules companies, who helped to create good jobs right here in pennsylvania. [cheering] others,ton: but for the we are going to hold them accountable. that is a big difference, a big difference in this election. you know, when we found out about how wells fargo was bullying employees to take advantage of customers, to put them into accounts so a lot of the customers did not know about, in order to extract fees that would go to their bottom line, so they could end up with bigger bonuses, when we found out about that, luckily, we have a new watchdog agency in washington, the consumer financial protection bureau.

you know who is responsible for that? senator elizabeth warren is responsible. [cheering] ms. clinton: and this new agency has actually recovered more than, i think $11 billion for consumers who have been cheated and defrauded. theywere on the job, and went after wells fargo. some of those thousands of customers, we hope, will actually get their money back, , and thise made whole is one of the agencies donald trump want to eliminate. [booing] ms. clinton: the other thing we learn from wells fargo is that we still have to crack down on the big banks. we cannot ever let wall street

wreck main street again. we put regulations on the bank after the great recession. i think we can do some more. i think we have got to be even tougher, and not just on the banks whose names you know, but on what i call "shadow banking," the shadow banking sector, hedge funds, and other institutions flying under the radar screen, but can do is a lot of damage. i am going to be even tougher on the wall street banks and other .nstitutions and what does donald trump want to do? he wants to eliminate the rules we already have. you want to get rid of the consumer protection bureau, wants to get rid of the rules on wall street, wants, i am telling you. we are tired of the cowboy

culture on wall street that areked the economy, and we not going to let it happen again no matter what donald trump says. [cheering] ms. clinton: one of the biggest contributors to what happened was the housing crisis, remember? rooted for a t housing collapse. actually, back in 2006, 2007, he said, i hope the housing market collapse is because i will make a lot of money that way. who says that? who wants that to happen? somebody who is so out of touch with what is going on in america, living in his big tower, he has no idea what is happening. [cheering] and you know, i am tired of american companies shipping jobs overseas.

we are going to make them get back any tax breaks they have ever gotten. if they want to move jobs out of america, they are going to have to pay an exit tax if they think that is what they want to do. [cheering] ms. clinton: but again, donald trump sees it differently. toactually outsourced jobs 12 countries. [booing] so, when i: and heard him say that the first time, that he could not find anybody in america to make , i said,r furniture well, we are going to start a website and put on that website all the companies we know of your in pennsylvania and ohio and michigan and colorado and virginia and across the country. who can make everything that donald trump cells.

americau want to make great again, don't you think you should have jobs in america that lives better?' [cheering] ms. clinton: but this is the pattern with donald trump. i mean, really, if you look at his business record, which is his main claim to being president of the united states, right? he says he wants to do for america what he did for business. [booing] ms. clinton: well, let us compare. this is a man who we now know paid no taxes. that is what we suspected, but until some of his tax returns were made public, we could not prove it. claimed that he lost $1

billion. in the casino business. [laughter] mean -- on: i [cheering] yeah, i mean, a gentleman down here is yelling "the house always wins." i mean, who loses money running a casino, the site donald trump. i do not know is that as much of a credential, but it is what he is and how he did it that especially concerning, because he not only has taken bankruptcy numerous times in his businesses, but he has stiffed employees. i am talking painters and plumbers and dishwashers.

he has refused to pay small businesses that had a contract with him. i have met some of these people. i take it really personally. my dad, born in scranton, he was a factory worker. [cheering] ms. clinton: my dad hearted his business when he got out of the navy in world war ii and he worked really hard. he printed drapery fabric. he would get big bolts of fabric. nowas a long, the long room, natural light, and he would take the fabric and roll it out on the table and take a silkscreen. he would take a silkscreen, start at one and of the table, of thedown, -- end table, go down to the second table. if you needed to add a second

color, he would do the same thing. when he finished, he would load the fabric up in his car, and take it to the customer who had ordered it. he works hard. i helped him out. from time to time. he made a good middle-class life for my family. i will tell you what. i am just so grateful he never got a contract from donald trump because i do not know what we would have done. [cheering] [applause] and i want to contrast his story because he went bankrupt a few times, said he lost $1 billion, ruined thousands of people's lives and businesses. i want to contrast his business history with the history of your governor, tom wolfe. i will tell you what --

[cheering] , hislinton: tom wolfe family started a business, the wolf organization. they worked really hard. he and his cousins took it over, and then eventually, they sold out. tom went into government, and then he learned that the business that had been at the heart of his family was on the verge of bankruptcy under the new owners. now, he did not have any continuing responsibility. he had sold it. he cared about the people who worked there. he cared about their families. and their futures. tohe went back, he went back make sure that company did not go into bankruptcy and that the workers and the community were not going to be hurt. [applause] ms. clinton: so there are

different experiences in business. people who work hard like my dad , people who are part of a great family business and still feel an obligation to the employees who made it successful. those are the kind of businesses we want in america, and we want to lift them up and give them the opportunity to be as successful as possible, but we are not going to let companies that outsource jobs, companies that take bankruptcy, companies that strip employees of their rights, their pensions, go to a low-wage economy. we are not going to stand by and watch that happen. [cheering] [applause] and we are not going to put up with the kind of gaming that the super wealthy

and corporations have done in the tax system. we are going to raise taxes on the wealthy and close loopholes for corporations to make investments in growing our economy. [cheering] now, when it came out that trump had lost $1 billion, some of his supporters said, that just shows what a genius he is. [laughter] ms. clinton: well, i thought to myself, i guess it does take some sort of genius to lose $1 billion. i am not quite sure that is what i would call it. [laughter] ms. clinton: we need to call it for what it is. trump took on risks that devastated his businesses, his employees, the people who were contractors, and the larger community in atlantic city, all

while continuing to live like a billionaire. think what could happen if he were entrusted with the awesome responsibilities of being president of the the united states and commander in chief. [booing] be clinton: the loser would our entire country. and then, yesterday, we learned here in pennsylvania, ohio, and a few other states, there have been a lot of challenges for our steelworkers and steel mills because china is dumping steel and aluminum into the american market below the cost of production. i took that on when i was in the senate, standing up for steelworkers and steel producers in new york. i will take that on as your president. i am sick of people taking advantage of our market, our consumers, our businesses.

[applause] ms. clinton: we are going to ramp up enforcement, throw the book at china, and anyone else who does that. out yesterday, a story came suggesting that for all his tough talk, and i have listened to it. he has traveled across pennsylvania, a place i spend a lot of time in because we went to scranton every single summer, lots of holidays, and my dad and my brother went to penn state. we love coming to this state. [cheering] ms. clinton: so, i have listened to donald as he has bashed china. you have heard him. he is going to really take on china. well, we found out yesterday that he has been biting cheap -- buying cheap chinese aluminum and steel. [booing] here in pennsylvania,

not supporting our workers, but supporting the chinese. buying hereon: not in pennsylvania, not the putting our workers, but supporting the chinese. they add up to clearly demonstrating that donald trump is the poster boy for so much of what is wrong in our economy, broken, that needs to be fixed. [applause] ms. clinton: the unfair rules that favor those at the top. he embodies the risky behavior that crashed our economy, that brought us the great recession, the quick buck culture that still rules too many corporate board rooms, and the deck that seems to be stacked for those at the top. he does not even know how wrong he is. at thechallenged him debate, and if you see the debate last monday? [cheering]

[laughter] [chanting "hillary"] it whenton: so, you saw i suggested that one of the reasons he did not want to reveal his tax returns was because he might not have paid any taxes, right? and when i pointed that out, he basically said, well, that made him smart. it this way.bout that makes all the rest of us down. we have done -- that makes the rest of us dumb.

we have done our duty. you can look at the last 40 years of tax returns for my husband and me, and everybody else for the last 40 years who has been a candidate for president. only donald trump has refused to release his tax returns, and if i am so fortunate as to be your president, we are going to pass a law that if you are a presidential nominee, you are going to have to release her tax returns. -- your tax returns. [applause] ms. clinton: there was something else in that answer, which really bothered me. he thinks it is smart, smart, to zerozero two our military, military, to our vets, two our education. he knows nothing about the

sacrifice and service of the men and women who wear the uniform of our country. [applause] ms. clinton: just yesterday, he said some very troubling things ,bout posttraumatic stress again showing his insensitivity and his ignorance about a condition that affects a lot of very brave and, yes, strong men and women who have served america. [applause] ms. clinton: it is a little difficult even coming up with answers to everything he says. [laughter] ms. clinton: because every day, it is something else, which shows, without a doubt, that he is unqualified and unfit to be

president and commander in chief of our country. [cheering] [applause] ms. clinton: but i know, i know that you know people who are thinking about voting for him, right? ms. clinton: so i am respectfully asking you to stage an intervention before it is too late. [laughter] [cheering] no matter what the person you know cares about, you can go directly to the internet and you can show your friend that probably, trump is absolutely on the other side, or what he said is not accurate, or that he is stirring up so much vittree all -- so much

riol. he is setting americans against each other. there are three big challenges for the next president. we have got to get the economy together. i am confident we are going to make that happen with new jobs and rising incomes. we are going to make it fairer, because we have got to make sure the rewards of the economy reach everybody, not just the privileged few, and that everybody feels that they are getting ahead and staying ahead. now, part of that is a lot of the other issues that i have been talking about. tim kaine and i actually put a book out. it is called "stronger together." we laid out what we wanted you to make college affordable, raise the minimum wage, and y forntee equal pa women's work.

[applause] ms. clinton: we also said we want more companies to share their profits with their employees who helped to make them profitable in the first place. [cheering] ms. clinton: now, some of you arkw who marc cuban -- m cuban is, right? he is a real billionaire. [laughter] look, heon: he said, has always shared profits. when he sold his first company, he shared the profits of the sale and helped to make 300 millionaires from executives to secretaries to security people. that is what i want to see in america. that is the kind of leadership we need to be promoting in our country because we are all stronger together, and i also am

absolutely committed to keeping america safe. there is nothing more important to go after and defeat terrorism, to lead the world with strength and steadiness, and i know how to do that. and i will do that. i have laid out the plans for that.t will take to do all donald will say is that he has a secret plan to defeat isis . you know, the secret is that he has no plan. [cheering] [applause] he hasnton: but in fact, made that harder by the way he has insulted everybody. insulted our allies, insulted majority muslim countries that we need to be partnering with to defeat isis, saying we should pull out of nato, even going so far as to say that he did not

care if other country got nuclear weapons. that is just beyond comprehension. we have worked so hard, democrats and republicans together, ever since the dawn of the atomic age to make sure that we did not permit more countries , we kept it to a minimum, we forged arms-control agreements. we did everything we could to keep track of and keep nuclear materials out of the hands of bad guys, including terrorists. [cheering] [applause] ms. clinton: and then, of course, we have got to do more to bring our country together after this election. we cannot permit the kind of hateful rhetoric that we have seen too much of. [applause] ms. clinton: i think our diversity is one of our

strongest assets in america. [cheering] ms. clinton: and i will do everything i can to bring people together. that is what i did as first lady, as a senator, as secretary of state, trying to find common ground. that is how i helped to create the children's health insurance program with republicans and democrats that takes care of 8 million kids. it is how i work with a republican mayor, a republican governor, a republican president after 9/11 to rebuild new york. i worked with practically every republican that i served with in the senate, and i am really looking forward to working again with senator bob casey, and kitty mcentee to join him in washington. [cheering] now, i am confident

and optimistic about america. when i hear donald talk about our country, i do not recognize the country he is talking about. it is so negative, so dark, so dire. i am thinking to myself, wait a minute, do we have challenges? yeah, but we solve those challenges. we keep going forward into the future. [applause] ms. clinton: i cannot do any of this without you, and i mean that not just for the election. i need it after the election, too. i need your help getting everybody registered to vote by october 11. go to iwillvote.com to make sure you are registered. pennsylvania does not have early voting, so make sure everybody you know turns out and vote on november the eighth, or if they are going to be out of town, vote absentee. please tell everyone what the

stakes are. back to how you vote, how you register in pennsylvania for the first time ever, here in pennsylvania, you can fully registered to vote on mine. -- online. [cheering] ms. clinton: it could not be any simpler. with 35 days to go, we need your help. please join the campaign. every call you make, every door you knock on, every friend you register can make a difference. in" or go to "jo hillary clinton.com and sign up to volunteer. back to your friends of yours who are thinking, what trump says sounds good, do not give up on them. i want to be their president, too. [laughter] ms. clinton: just remember -- [applause] ms. clinton: friends do not let friends vote for trump.

[cheering] ms. clinton: so let us go out harrisburg. let us win pennsylvania. let us have a great victory on november 8. thank you all, and god bless you. [cheering] ♪

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>> there was here leery clinton and harrisburg, pennsylvania. a rally underway in prescott valley, arizona with donald trump. introductions being made right now and you can see that on c-span2. president making appointments to the supreme court of the united states will be president donald trump. hillary clinton in the white house, the rest of the world will never forget why they have always looked up to the united states of america. campaign 2016 continues on the road to the white house with the vice presidential debate the between republican governor mike pence and democratic senator tim kaine virginiaive from beginning at 7:30 p.m. eastern

with a preview of the debate. then at 8:30 p.m., the predebate briefing for the audience. at 9 p.m., live coverage of the debate followed by your reaction. the 2016 vice presidential debate. watch live on c-span. watch live and anytime on-demand demand at c-span.org and listen live on the free c-span radio app. >> we are pleased to be joined by the president of longwood university, joining us and welcome to c-span. >> good morning. a fantastic day. host: tell us about the preparations you are university has made for tonight's event. guest: we have been working at this four and this is a grand culmination. the campus has an electric field this morning.

it is just great. this is a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity for our students. post: how much money has the university invested in preparations? guest: it is a meaningful investment. to do these debates, the cycle and in recent cycles, it is about $5 million which is right about what we are spending. as that figure is concerned, why that high of a figure out how much of that goes to security? guest: a meaningful part of it goes to security and you can imagine all the reasons why. a day that is known far in advance and a lot of it goes into the production value of the tb event itself. and then a lot of it goes into the i.t. infrastructure to make sure it is an robust shape to get the eyes of the world here. host: we have been showing

pictures of the call that the debate is taking place, can you tell us about it? guest: it is a beautiful spot. we usually use it for basketball but it has an academic wing to it. for tonight it has been turned into this intergalactic tv studio. a lot of our students are going to be in the hall tonight which does make me proud. host: do you get the sense that your students realize the importance of having to stay here and what has the campus done, what has the university done to prepare them for that? i really do, i really do. the thing i'm most proud of that done, we university has have huge array of courses this students ar the cheering now. huge array of courses this fall specifically to the lection, the debate, i think our students at this point

understand that this may well be the most important vice presidential debates in our the importance of the issues, the age honestly candidates dential and the experience of the vice candidates. ot more combined gubernatorial experience on the vice presidential stage before. the you can sense excitement of students. what is your advice to students post-debate? do you want them to take away from it? uest: i want them to take away enjoying tonight, an hour and a realof what i hope will be substance, a real measure of ivility, a real exchange of ideas. those have been relatively short with all the , exotic dimensions of the 2016 race. really relish that

and see that themselves as a future.for the host: w. taylor reveley longwood of university, the site of the debate tonight. president, thank you for your and for being ng one campus and involved in this debate tonight. of those people covering the media side, holly parker. the editor in chief of the rotunda. good morning. guest: good morning. host: tell us about the rotunda. we are longwood university's student run newspaper. we circulate about 500 papers a week. we are weekly paper and we print every monday. host: what are your coverage plans for tonight's debate? we had a plan to have

four people in the media filing center. we all got credentials. three of us got tickets to go into the debate hall. we will all be able to have a pretty amazing experience. one of us will be left alone in the media center to cover the debate as it's going on. how has your publication been covering this and have you had a chance to talk to the candidates? guest: we have not. leading up to the debate we've done a lot of security coverage. that is been a major concern on campus. inform about trying to the campus about the different candidates such as features on the vice presidential candidates and hillary clinton and donald trump. we are trying to make sure our campus is informed on the politics.

host: what has been the mood on campus? guest: that is a tricky subject. probably half of the campus has been very vocal about their complaints toward the disruption of classes and things like that with the security perimeter. people are really excited about the opportunity. the majority of us are very happy the debate is here. we have beenties provided, my media credentials. it's a really great opportunity for all of us and we really like nice. what is the security around the event and what were the concerns? people have been worried ever since there have been a few bombings in other areas. we just get a little nervous.

have been talking about the amount of public safety officials who have been coming to campus and the coalition between farmville police and their efforts to keep us safe. and about the volunteering a lot of police officers are doing from other agents these. that was a really interesting aspect i got to cover last week. what are some of the stories you are planning stemming from the debate tonight? i'm writing an editorial column about the student perspective. we have a special edition vice presidential debate reflective experience type piece coming out on thursday we are trying to put together. outside of that we will talk about the protests happening on campus. to hofstra went

university for the first presidential debate. saw a lot of opportunities for coverage here that we hope repeated itself and that we are allowed to look at along with campus. host: have we already seen protests happen? there was a gary johnson supporter protest yesterday i believe. that was pretty exciting. holly parker. editor in chief of the rotunda at longwood university. there's the website. part of the coverage plans. time. for your and thank you for spending time with us this

>> and o'connell at the first amendment field ahead of tonight's presidential debates. >> the next president making appointments to the supreme court of the united states will be president donald trump. >> with hillary clinton in the white house, the rest of the why theyl never forget have always looked up to the united states of america. >> c-span's campaign 2016 continues on the road to the white house with the vice presidential debate between republican governor mike hands and democratic senator tim kaine tonight. easterng at 7:30 p.m. with a preview of the debate. then at 8:30 p.m., the predebate reefing for the onions. at 9 p.m., live coverage called by your reaction. the 2016 vice presidential .ebate, watch live on c-span

watch live and anytime on demand at c-span.org, and listen live on the free c-span radio app. segmente topic for this , you can look at voting machine security. we will talk with alex halderman of the university of michigan. a computer science and engineering professor joining us from ann arbor, michigan. can we start about your career in voting machines security. part of spent a good your career looking at how machine's work and how easily they can be manipulated. guest: for more than 10 years i have an examining the security of computer voting machines used in the u.s. and other countries around the world as well as internet voting systems. i have takenses

voting machines used in practice in elections in the u.s., or up them into the laboratory and tried to figure out how someone who might want to try to manipulate the vote could do that. by exploring ways of introducing malicious software and otherwise tampering with the machines. it?: how easy is guest: i'm afraid it's easier than it should be. someone who wanted to tamper with america's elections could have a couple of ways to do that. the scary possibility is that someone might want to actually try to change the outcome of the election to manipulate who one that. in some of america's voting machines the only record of the vote is contained in the machines computer memory. talking about things like touchscreen voting machines.

because the only record of the vote is in computer memory if the software in those voting machines is manipulated someone could actually change the results that are reported. a possibility that someone could try to hack into state election offices in order to disrupt the outcome of an election to cast doubt on the results and make it look like there was cheating and cause a big investigation. that would be even easier to do than manipulating the machines themselves. line is there's a lot of work we have to do in this country to make sure that the critical infrastructure behind our voting technology is adequately to convince everyone that the election outcome was right. host: do you have a sense of the number of states that till use touchscreen technology versus some type of paper record?

like 26t is something states have touchscreens in some form. often the technology varies by county instead of by state. that is one of the wonderful things about our federal system. it's about 75% of american voters are going to be fairly well protected because they will have some kind of physical record of their vote outside of the control of a computer. almost all cases they are going to have some form of paper ballot or printout that comes thatf a voting machine will also be retained so there's something to audit after the election. about 25% of voters including the majority of likely tosome fairly be important states in this election like pennsylvania and georgia are not going to have

any kind of physical record after the election. those are the votes i am most concerned about. the ones entirely under the control of computers. our guest is alex halderman of the university of michigan. if you want to ask him questions about this topic, (202) 748-8000 for democrats. republicans (202) 748-8001. andpendents (202) 748-8002 .ll others (202) 748-8003 not long ago on this program we were joined by thomas hicks with the election assistance commission. he was asked about his thoughts on the safety of the security systems across the united states. here's what he had to say. >> no system certified by the eac is hooked up to the internet. as long as states do not use wi-fi and do not look up their

machines to the internet there is no way to hack in those machines using the internet. lots of cars come with different features. these voting machines also come with a number of features. as long as they are turned off there will be no hacking of the system by anyone. election officials have thought about this and they have prepared for this long before we had heard about the foreign nationals attacking the dnc or the other aspects of our voting systems. what did you think of his statement? it were that simple. unfortunately even though voting machines themselves are not connect to the internet the voting machines have to receive the data about the ballot design and about the software that's running on them from somewhere. they get that data from central systems in the counties or states.

these are called election management systems. after the election you take a memory card out of the voting machine and put it into these central systems and that is how we add up the votes from the machines. because the voting machines are receiving data and sending back data to these central systems and doesn't go over the internet but it goes over memory cards like the memory card in your digital camera. there is a way for data and malicious software to get in and out of those machines. for an attacker like a foreign government that kind of connection even though it's not a direct internet connection it's called an air gap connection. it's still something that foreign states are known to exploit in attacking critical computer systems.

of the most famous instances of this was called stuxnet. was an attack that the u.s. government and the israeli government conducted against the iranian nuclear enrichment program. it was the same thing. managed to affect computers that were not plugged into the internet because it traveled over usb stacks that were used to load data into the system. able to successfully disrupt the iranian nuclear enrichment program for years by exploiting that kind of disconnected system. when you are talking about an advanced attacker like a merelytate unfortunately disconnecting the voting machines themselves from the internet isn't enough to stop them. let's hear from gary. democrat line. caller: good morning.

why was this first brought the american public five weeks before the election? why was this just brought five weeks before the election. there have been people in the security research community talking about problems with electronic voting machines for close to 15 years now. the problem is that the elections aren't a terribly sexy topic when you are talking about the mechanics of the voting. in between elections we don't all that much attention to these mechanics and technology issues. i'm afraid there has been lots of time to prepare and many states have made significant improvements over the last four years.

they have introduced sensible backup mechanisms and sensible forms of paper trails. unfortunately that has taken place in all states. new jersey is one of the worst when it comes to election technology. you guys have princeton university where some of the best work in analyzing election security has been going on. that's where i did my graduate work. still the state has not changed election technology to be up to current modern security standards. ronald on the republican line. you are next. caller: good morning. we used to have totally reliable paper ballot all over the country. wasted on much money unreliable computer voting computer voting machines without any paper trail? .

it's stupid. -- what's the point? it's stupid. guest: it's a keen observation that a lot of money was wasted in deploying to peter system that did not provide adequate protection. unfortunately not every american states had reliable paper ballots. the problem in 2000 famously with hanging chads came from an unreliable form of paper ballots used in florida. these punchcard ballots that couldn't make a reliable record of people's votes. simple.chnology is it is not terribly sexy. if it is done right it provides a nice combination of reliable record and security. the form of paper ballot that is preferred for elections now is to have a piece of paper that the voter fills out by filling

in ovals with a pencil that gets scanned into a computer system right in front of the voter and put into a ballot docs. count opticalinct scan ballot. it's really nice because it thatdes a computer record is available and gives a result right away and a ballot box full of paper that we can go back and check after the election if there's any reason for doubt. by having both a physical record and a computer record that we can compare and make sure agree, an attacker would now have to tamper with these records in a way that was absolutely the same in order to get away with fraud. that's the best technology we have today. it doesn't seem super modern but it is simple and it works. host: this is carol in michigan on the democrat line. caller: good morning. is why aren't all

the states mandated to have a states secure voting system? if it's a matter of money why doesn't the federal government help out in this regard? we do have the federal system. a lot of the authority to conduct elections and figure out how the left can ask are going to work is delegated to the states. 75% of american voters have some ism of physical record better than if none of them did. or if there was a central computer system in washington someone could hack into. of ourtributed nature election system provides some advantages. the lack of uniform security standards and regulations that are effective as create problems for us.

the problem with just allocating more money to the state is the last time we did that after the 2000 election problems in florida a lot of that money was and used to buy computer systems that didn't have anywhere close to adequate curative. we need is some combination of effective security regulations or national elections cup and with enough funding for states to take the necessary steps to implement optical scan paper ballot based elections. that doesn't have to be very expensive. it's not very high tech. it's reliable and it works. having paper in the elections might seem low-tech but we want paper for voting for the same reason you want the breaks in your car to still work even if the computer in your car goes haywire. it's a basic physical backup mechanism and it's one of the

best kind of protection we can have. the secretary of the department of homeland security weighed in on this issue saying the department of homeland security dan's ready to provide for security assist those to states that choose to request it. assistance does not mean federal regulation. upon requeste is and voluntary. what do you think about this offer from dhs and are there concerns about it? concernsthink the states have are basically about their autonomy. they don't want the federal government to be intruding in their territory. probably do have adequate cyber security protection or at least as strong as dhs could help them provide. to me if i were a state i would

want all the help i could get. i think a lot of states may be underestimating the scale of the threat. if you are being threatened by foreign nation states we are talking about some of the most powerful adversaries on the internet. most certainly would want all the help i could get if i were trying to defend against these kinds of attackers. twitter you are on russians got the into arizona and illinois state data. could you talk about those and overall election security? was referring to is over the summer it was detected that some internet attackers that have in linked by federal investigators to russia

managed to break into the voter registration systems used in illinois and arizona. they camewe can tell in over the internet and exploited some flaws in the security to read out the voter registration databases through something called a sequel injection attack. this isn't terribly damaging in and of itself. it reveals that some foreign attackers are looking around for weaknesses. they are interested in the machinery used for elections in the states. to me it looks like someone is casing the joint. they are looking for weaknesses. if you wanted to do an attack on election day and you are one of these attackers you would be preparing now. that's what it feels like to me. somebody is roving around for weaknesses ahead of time to figure out where they might attack.

a realistic attack on the election is probably going to be honing in on whichever state ends up having the closest margin. whichever swing states and the most important. that is probably not going to end up being arizona and illinois but we don't know. probably attackers are looking at all of the states now and trying to be prepared to go in whenever the narrowest margins are. that's what i would be afraid of. host: las vegas. chris on the independent line. caller: good morning and thank you for your deep knowledge on this topic. naturey the very available security and secrecy attached to anonymous, how can we truly know the origination location and who the attackers are really are that threaten our security? difficultis extremely

to do what's called attribution. to name the parties who are responsible for a cyber attack. in cases like these illinois and arizona attacks that were just the way that we have tried to do that is by looking that cameaddresses from the internet addresses the attacks came from and associating them with previous activity where we had a pretty good idea who was behind it. it's pretty easy to give a false appearance that an attack came from a particular country. it's difficult to respond to cyber attacks when we can't say with absolute confidence who is behind them.

where i n the building vote and every time they ask me, going to vote ou democrat or republican, and i, you know, say democrat. then the last time, which voting me the governor, they asked and i told them and then the man, he asked me again and i that i was voting democrat. me so he told the men to put on the number machine, which is the same machine that i voted on for the last four times and then he asked me again before i got vote. he said, you are voting democrat, right? i said, yes. said, okay. i just wondered, do i need to be concerned about the fact they keep putting me on the same questioning me about how i'm going to vote?

that was for a primary election, there may be depending on ots, your party. so for an election like that, where the ballots are different, yeah, they probably have different machines that have different ballot designs loaded in. but for the general election, if it is the same ballot for regardless of party, they be asking you who you are partyto vote for or which you are going to vote for before they determine which machine you would use. be potential security problem if they are doing that in a case where everyone's the same. host: are the machines put under lock and key away from elections are put out into or once they are being prepared o put into use, are they constantly under watch by security? well, you hope that they would be, but unfortunately that the time the practice

that is used. in some places, voting machines before the ght election either in the homes of poll workers or they are already delivered to the polling site, which might be, it might be a a ool or a church, semi-public building. real re are some legitimate concerns about the physical security of machines, well. in work about 10 years ago, i most how some of the widely used computer voting machines could have software replaced with malicious vote-stealing software, with just a few seconds of physical access. yeah, unlike say a paper allot box or an old-fashioned mechanical voting machine, a computer voting machine has to entire guarded for its lifetime, from the moment it's manufactured, until the end of election that uses it and even after that because it may still have records of a vote. complicated and

logistically expensive to secure physically electronic voting machines than previous forms of voting technology. we should have asked early on, ever been evidence where an election was tampering use of voting machines? guest: well, fortunately, we solid evidence that has happened in the united tates, but there are instances abroad where attacks on technology oting have at least come very close to changing the outcome of elections. most famously in 1994, in south africa, when mandela was standing for office. votes ere counting centrally using network of omputers and somebody hacked the computers and tried to hange the vote in way to disadvantage mandella. this was caught by election watching the ely

results and they backed everything out and started counting again. results of delay the the election. the nteresting thing to me election officials swore they didn'tsecrecy, want to undermine the credibility of the election. some of those election officials, started to break that promise, started to publicly about what happened. wrote about it in their so on, but y and that is one of the things that i would worry about is that if a credible attack, either the attack is successful nd leaves very little or no evidence or the attack is caught, but we never hear about it because we also have an making sure people trust our voting machines. d.c., beverly, washington, you're on with alex halderman of the university of michigan. aller: oh, yeah, hi, how are ya?

yes, i'm calling in reference very easy to e make the vote whereby you put a saying, democrats on this side, and republicans on that side. hat way the voters would be very easy to count because you know you have it right there. also, i was hoping that someone would do something about old judges downtown, senile judges who block landlords from getting their they have been scammed. host: okay, beverly, we'll leave topic at hand. professor, go ahead. guest: well, so in any voting ystem, we need to be very careful to make sure we're not only getting accurate count, but the privacy and secrecy of voter choices. where ou mean something democrats and republicans would would neup separately or go to separate machines or ooths or something like that, that is a problem.

anyone can just observe where you go and know how you voted. who may be ple coerced or intimidated into oting a certain way, they need the secret ballot as a form of protection. that protects not only them, but rest of us. it is that need for a secret as ot at the same time really accurate count that makes elections such a difficult as uter security problem, well. if all we needed to do was get accurate account at the end of the day, well, we already olved that in things like electronic banking and electronic commerce, but to do a t and simultaneously get strong privacy guarantee, which is the fundamental security well, thatelections, interesting and challenging and why we need to go to such great lengths to mechanisms. security host: viewers if you about to others, dia, there are

but in ballot pedia's case, ufind a map and that map highlights areas of the united states, the type of voting systems they use, whether they paper-only or without paper or combination of things. pedia website features hat for tou look at. gary on the independent line. caller: yeah, hi. for the , thank you last answer to that person. i never heard of anybody having what party they're voting for before they vote, so that is good. questions.uple of ne is, a list of the states that run this way, if the -- here are specific counties in the state that do that or statewide? any relation between that and the states which have out of their way to change the voter id laws? host: professor.

guest: that is a really good question. more about u find this. you just heard about ballot is verified r voting, an organization that tracks election technology state state. if you go to verified voting's website, you can get a map of country and find out for each county, exactly what technology is in use. the interesting things about that, how complicated and election e set of technology is in this country, that often individual counties made their own choices system to machines or use. while that is useful in some provides diversity against an attacker, no central place to attack, it would affect the security of the whole country. it is also a challenge. just isn't enough security expertise to go around to make county has the maximum

level of security and is making decisions.hasing now voter id is another yes, esting question and authenticating voters to make sure they are who they say they is another security issue that we need to think carefully about. there is some tensions, of course, between making sure are who they claim to be on one hand, making sure voters form of ot have any government issued id are still llowed to exercise their right to vote, so that is an example of a security tension or a ecurity trade-off that differing states have come down about.fering conclusions host: virginia, democrats line, ben, hello. caller: yes, i would like to exactly how much voter fraud has taken place in the 2012, i tates and in understand that the republicans the vote on ip

obama, but obama flipped it back rove, the election went -- bama host: so in terms of how much fraud takes place, that is difficult to is get sound numbers about because small a lot of fraud is scale, is local, maybe not so flipping actually say making certain voters feel uncomfortable about showing up on election day. but i will say that in this country, we have had a long history of documented voter fraud that goes back as far as we've been, as long as we've been conducting elections. often technology is introduced to try to counter that fraud. in fact, the very system of with we use now often paper ballots for instance, incorporates a lot of anti-fraud

mechanisms learned by hard, istorical experience, the very notion you're going to be voting by filling out a piece of paper a box, for it in instance, that is a mechanism of protecting against certain kinds of fraud that took place in the 19th century. so we've again and again tried to apply new technology to combat fraud. we don't have a system that is perfect and in fact a system introduced the possibility for entirely new categories of fraud, by voting cyber hacking and attacks. but it is a security problem. it's a security challenge to construct a voting system that adequate protection against all the diverse kind of place.hat might take so that is a large part of what work k is about, what the of many other people who are doing research in this area are concerned with. host: professor, do you see a time where our system of voting do it on ere we can the internet and bypass machines

altogether? wouldn't that be conve convenient to vote on phonesor laptops? the conversation this year about cyber attacks against our xisting voting infrastructure goes to show why that is so difficult. so today we might say we get though it is even not perfect by making sure aren't plugged in to the internet directly. to be online, you have plugged into the internet, almost as if you are painting on it. it is attractive to cyber criminals, to foreign states, you.have so voting online turns out to be ne of the most difficult problems in all of computer security. we have to protect election against sophisticated cyber attackers like foreign voter computers against everyday security malware, and e

problems with passwords and phishing. is going to be a long time before we're able to provide anywhere near the level ballots ty that paper provide to voters who cast votes online. going to be a decade or more before technology that point. we'll have to solve really fundamental security problems. teaches computer science and engineering at he is ity of michigan, alex halderman, talking about voting machine security. diane in maryland, republican line, hello. caller: yeah, hi. i'm calling because i've manipulating -- manipulating the main concern for months and i've been talking to people about it, i have an in virginia who owns a software company, told me two things. one is that george sorros'

companies have been making many or most of the voting companies country todaythis nd she said that if -- they would be he's to hack into if you had passwords. a couple do it in hours or a few hours. the other point she made and have you mentioned this, i don't know, i came in late, i might have missed something sorros, too. said that one of the you could he knew prevent manipulation of the vote would be to, through machines, would be if -- if hines would make you would vote and the machines would make a paper printout and read and make sure the machine recorded the vote you actually made and then would submit, then you would

submit your vote once you have printout the paper that it is a vote that you wanted to make. thank you., guest: well, i think your friend's point about the paper nce of having a record of your vote that you can see and that we can double-check is r the election, that absolutely right, that is the best defense that we have today malicious software in voting machines. but i think, you know, asking voting machines, that is kind of the right question. it shouldn't matter who made the machines, because we shouldn't be trusting the machines themselves to do the count. we should be trusting whoever appoint, for s to instance, representatives from heir party or group, to observe, as those physical pieces of paper are being counted. developing, if you're going to vote on one of the

touchscreen machine as a security person, the way i think imagine that t to machine was made by someone i i can't see ecause the software that is running it and can't verify that is correct. be skeptical of the correct operation of that machine and i want to demand election officials and from the design of the overall voting verifying means of that the machines answers, correct.re the way we do that with paper is we have ballot boxes full of after the election. if there is any dispute, states people, ck and have humans count those pieces of paper it make sure the totals machine were the correct. and as a voter, presumably, you ability to have some representatives who are watching that process, maybe party members of the press. that kind of answer to kepticism is what we should demand out of any voting system.

the voting system has to lost, it has tor convince the supporters of the losing candidate they really did lose. no one who won an election ever needs convincing that they won, other to settle any dispute, has to convince veryone that the outcome was right. host: if a person is concerned they voting, could participate in early vote figure they have a paper that way? guest: that might be a good idea if that helps you feel more secure in your vote. when you have a paper option, way to get a er record of your vote personally. unfortunately, the xh outcome o depend on n will everyone's vote being counted accurately and in a way that strong evidence, so i continuing is going to be 100% paper o get records in this election. ahead to four years

from now, i hope we're going to technology in the used for that last quarter of american voters so everyone can some form of physical record of their vote. that is going to be the thing protect us from cyber attacks four years from now. carney on the republican line. caller: hello. hat i wanted to say was like and hillary and with obama well, them in -- backing her up, what my concern is the government backing hillary, as to whether do something to make it go hillary's way. guest: well, again, this is why e need voting systems that provide strong evidence so that we can all believe that the

outcome was correct. it shouldn't be possible for whoever they er, are, whatever party they're part influence on the outcome of the voting process. is not fully that possible with the election system we have now. be is not supposed to possible. but the problem is that the machines don't necessarily provide strong evidence that rationally skeptical people are going to be convinced when the election is over. of evidence is generally comeing from machines that have the only record of the in computer memory because those are the ones that are otentially subject to cyber attack. host: professor, tell us your confidence in voting machine november, ome this what number would you put it at? think i want to put an exact number on my say that , but i will the risk is uncomfortably high

foreign influence on -- fortune cyber attacks that might to cause some form of disruption there is a lot of ork we need to do to improve the security of our election system, to make sure that everyone has some kind of record of their vote. i just hope this election being extremely close because in the event of a there may be an attack that cast doubt on that result. voters, though, that the only way to guarantee count te isn't going to is to not vote, so if you -- some doubts you about the technology involved, please do make sure you vote, there is a good chance that everything will be all right. host: professor, alex halderman, university of michigan, talking about voting machine security prompt fessor, thanks

>> with hillary clinton in the white house the rest of the why theyl never forget have always looked up to the united states of america. >> c-span's campaign 2016 continues to read on the road to the white house with the vice presidential debate between republican governor mike pence and a creek senator tim kaine tonight live from longwood university in farmville, virginia. beginning at 7:30 p.m. eastern with a preview of the debate. at 8:30 p.m., the predebate briefing for the audience. at 9:00 p.m., live coverage of the debate followed by your reaction. the 2016 vice presidential debate. watch live on c-span. watch live and anytime on demand at c-span.org and listen live on the free c-span radio app.

>> now look back to 2012 from center college in danville, kentucky with paul ryan, the man who would go on to become the current speaker of the house debating vice president joe biden. >> good evening and welcome to the first and only presidential -- vice presidential debate of

2012. i am honored to moderate this debate between two men who have dedicated much of their lives to public service. tonight's debate is divided between mastic and foreign-policy issues and i am going to move back and forth between foreign and domestic sense that is what a vice president or president would have to do. we will have nine different segments at the beginning of each segment. i will ask both candidates a question and they will have to minutes to answer. i will encourage a discussion between the candidates with follow-up questions. by coin toss it has been determined that vice president biden will be first to answer the opening question. we have a wonderful audience at center college. you will no doubt hear their enthusiasm at the end of the debate and right now as we welcome vice president joe biden and congressman paul ryan. [applause]

host: you got your little wave to your families and. that is great. it is not a to be here with both of you. i would like to begin with libya. on a rather somber note, one month ago tonight on the anniversary of 9/11, ambassador chris stevens and three other brave americans were killed in a terrorist attack in benghazi. the state department has now made clear there were no protesters there. it was a preplanned assault by heavily armed men. wasn't this a massive intelligence failure? mr. biden: what it was, martha, was a tragedy. chris stevens was one of our

best. commitments to you and the american people tonight. one, we will find and bring to justice the men who did this. and secondly, we will get to the bottom of it and whoever -- wherever the facts lead us, where they lead us, we will make clear to the american public, whatever mistakes were made will not be made again. it seems to me that you should take a look at his most important responsibility. that is caring for the national security of the country. the best way to do that is take a look at how he has handled issues of the day. president said he would end the war. senator romney said that was a tragic mistake. that was amney said tragic mistake, we should have left 30,000 troops there. with regard to a -- afghanistan he said he would in the war in 2014 and governor romney said we should not set a date. with regard to 2014, it depends.

when it came to osama bin laden, the president on the first day of office, he signed an order saying they highest priority is to get bin laden. prior, governor romney was asked about how he would proceed. he said he would move heaven and earth to get in modern. -- bin laden. it was about restoring america's heart. and letting them know if you do harm to america we will track you to the gates of hell if need be. with asident has led steady hand and clear vision. governor romney the opposite. the last thing we need now is another war. host: congressman >> congressman ryan. rep. ryan: we mourn the loss of

these four americans who were murdered. it was said that this was because of a protest and a youtube idiot. two weekse president to acknowledge that this was a terrorist attack. six times at the u.n., he talked about the youtube video. if we are hit by terrorists, we will call it a terrorist attack. our ambassador in paris has a marine detachment guarding him. should we have a marine detachment in benghazi, a place where we knew there was an al qaeda cell with arms active this is becoming -- with arms? this is becoming more troubling by the day. now we -- with respect to iraq, we have the same position before the withdrawal, which was, we agreed with the obama administration. let's make sure we secure our games.