aware of any changes, but given the impact , i wouldstorm has had anticipate that this would featp that she will be talking about work they the united states can do to help those who are recovering from the storm. reporter: out of the status of the relationship now, any kind of aid to help with that relief permitted? josh: i'm not sure the roles of a governor but we can look into that for you. reporter: question for you. you were talking about syria, you mentioned diplomacy including the human --un. we specifically talking about the proposal to go into aleppo and help escort out people in that city. josh: i was never referring to any specific statement or initiative. forer, our general support the tireless efforts he has led

to focus international attention on this troubling situation and try to find a solution. he has done important work. -- he hasserved played an important role in bringing the international community together around constructive ideas for addressing potential solutions. we have not found it yet with regards to aleppo, but that hasn't prevented him from working tirelessly to find a translation. was it an extremely offer in the sense of urgency felt there right now that diplomacy otherwise is not let anything to revive any relief? josh: it is an extraordinary offer. it is hard to know whether or not it's a rhetorical device even is using to express his own personal sense of urgency, or if he was packing his luggage. you would have to ask him with his that's what his intent was.

regardless of what specifically his message was, he is conveying a sense of urgency that many people, including the president feel. reporter: can i ask you, you said the other day on the podium there was nothing left to be , butssed with the russians john kerry is back talking now. let me the president decides to say -- start talking to rush again about syria? josh: i will let my colleagues at the state department readout the nature of those conversations. we have said all along there are to thety of aspects relationship between united states and russia. i will let them talk about the details of what was discussed. they were not talking about secession ofto the

hostilities agreement we thought we had instituted a month or two ago but fail because of the death russia's repeated and --lent reporter: you were specifically only talking about the u.s. offer of potential military coordination with russia? that is not being revisited? then we can talk about other diplomatic initiatives to syria. josh: russia will have to be part of any sort of human process because -- u.n. process because it's on the security council. it's a multilateral institution -- multilateral then you where the uss try to find a solution. russia has been a part of those as well. never indicated we were setting off all diplomatic ties with russia. we did make clear that russia had too often and repeatedly

violated the kinds of commitments they had made that unnecessary or pursueble to continue to that specific approach. there are a variety of other ways in which russia is involved and will continue to be. the kind of arrangement we had toisioned of getting russia play a constructive role in reducing violence in exchange -u.s. militarysian cooperation going after extremist is an agreement that never materialized, unfortunately. reporter: when he said the u.s. ns no issue -- interest i instigating -- increasing the violence, leasing you have nothing to worry about.

the u.s. will not be using any kind of military force? ash: i am not going to be in position where taking options off the table for the commander-in-chief. i have discussed it in some detail and the president has this gust it in some detail -- discussed it in some detail why action against the assad regime in aleppo is unlikely to goals that many envisioned now in terms of reducing the violence. to leadch more likely to a bunch of unintended consequences that are clearly not in our national interests. i will not take any options off the table. i think what i'm articulating is a desire to de-escalate the situation inside of syria, deescalate the conflict, to reduce the violence and try to bring some much-needed

humanitarian assistance to those who need it the most. ? john -- john? reporter: i'm hoping saying the name right. -- of the american relief committee for syria. he appeared on the france 24 debate on tuesday night said what is happening in syria was reminiscent of syria go -- syria a vote -- he called ethnic cleansing. is that the administration's official opinion. ethnic cleansing/ josh: i have not seen that label use in this particular situation. we have been deeply concerned about the widespread violence perpetrated against the citizens. hasome cases that violence been motivated by religious differences. that is deeply troubling. you have heard the state

department talk about the -- how the increased violence in the extremism andled has created a situation where there are populations that are at risk of genocide. the situation inside of syria is a deeply troubling one. --h because of the actions both as a direct consequence of the actions of the assad regime, but the second and third quarter consequences of their actions that have only contributed to a sense of chaos there that is fueled extremism that has worsened the kind of sectarian conflict there that is cost so

many innocent lives already. we are deeply concerned about the potential of further escalation in violence. reporter: does the administration agree with former president clinton that the affordable health care act needs fixing. presidentvery day the signed the affordable care act in the law he indicated a commitment, a willingness to work with democrats or republicans on capitol hill who had good ideas for further strengthening the law. the affordable care act is rebutted enormous benefit to 20 million americans who have health insurance who do not have a before. millions more americans benefit of the consumer protections associated with not being discriminated against because they have a pre-existing condition. not being charged more because you're a woman. not being dragged into bankruptcy court because some of the family gets sick.

not getting kicked off health insurance because you get sick. these are all consumer availables that are to tens of millions of americans. consumer protections not available for four. the affordable care act has had in a norm is the positive impact on the country. but if there are other things we do to further strengthen the afford look act, the president will talk about the idea of adding a public option that can make a state-based marketplace even more competitive and give consumers even more options. that obviously would be a way to strengthen the law. ultimately it requires congressional action. congressave to see if -- the republicans in congress will consider anything other than just repealing the law, which would repeal of the consumer protections i just talked about. the president strongly opposes

the idea of repealing the law but is willing to work with republicans if they are prepared to work with him to strengthen it. --orter: josh: president obama said it six years ago and i think it's fair to say president clinton agrees with president obama. pam, last one. reporter: the trump campaign that a statement calling the paris accords another bad deal, it will cost the american andomy trillions of dollars impose higher electricity costs for americans and give china an edge because it allows china to keep raising their commissions for a dozen years. you want to respond to that? historic -- the historic agreement to cut carbon pollution, they are significant for the united states in terms of the impact on the environment but in terms of the impact it will have on our economy. china, for the first time because of tough rentable

diplomacy a part of the united states agreed for the first time to limit their emissions. ou will recall republicans' chief criticism of any effort to undertake a reduction in carbon pollution by the united states was that china would never go along with it. they were wrong about that. we just need somebody who was tough enough to go in negotiate a smart deal with the chinese, which is what the obama administration did. that catalyzed the international community to also make a commitment. it will have a positive impact on reducing carbon pollution and have a positive impact on the health of the planet. this will also send a very clear, unmistakable rockets to go -- market signal to much of reviewers -- two on to reviewers and -- entrepreneurs in the clean energy sector. 196 countries of no magic of them to reduce carbon pollution. they are on the market for figure out how to produce energy

. and reduce their carbon pollution. that is a wide-open market for people who have an innovative approach to solar energy or wind energy, hydroelectric energy. that is an open market to people ready to takee to market new battery technology or other forms of improved energy efficiency. that is no longer a niche market. that is now a global market. the president is determined to make sure the united states is at the cutting edge of that market. that is why the u.s. government and context of the recovery act of did so many loans to the clean energy sector. that's why the united states is now poised to benefit from the kind of commitments that countries are making all around the world. that is a good thing and that is what this agreement is one that

is just good for our planet. it will end up being a really good thing for the u.s. economy. noah says there are -- any concerns of the impact of the economy are the government's ability to continue funding disaster assistance? there have been a string of small earthquakes in california raising concern about a big one coming. has event any special preparations for that? reporter: josh: i am not aware of any earthquake preparations underway. toould refer you officially the u.s. geological service or california about that. as a relates to the potential impact, that is something we are always mindful of. some of the cities in the potential half of the storm have large populations. and displacing large populations can have a negative impact on

the economy. we will watch that. we are also prepared to mobilize significant financial resources to help those communities recover as quickly as possible and get right back to normal as quickly as possible. we have done a lot of preparation in advance of that. we intend to work closely with state and local officials to make that happen. thank you everybody. have a good rest of the day. >> just after the briefing this morning president obama signed the executive order declaring a state of emergency in florida. ahead of what is now considered to be the strongest form of decades. they are talking about potentially catastrophic category 4 or category 5

hurricane. we will be keeping our eyes open for some of the tweets and comments from members of congress, particularly by the states afflicted. those members and more are all out of town for the recess ahead of the election. members will get a briefing this afternoon. the national weather service, american red cross and fema will read congress -- congressional staff this afternoon. via conference call we will keep you posted on any new set of the conference call. " first ladies" is the name of the book, present a history that on the lives of iconic american women. mark fergus, what is this? mark: it is a book that grew out of our series on television, influence and image. we took that and put it into narrative form.

every first lady has a chapter we learn about their biography, which includes their time as first lady. something great influence, some had less influence. steve was it easy to find : records on first ladies? mark: some were easy. mrs. adams, there were lots of letters between her in john adams were she was lobbying him on slavery. martha washington burned all her records between her and george washington. there are only two that exist. you go from one extreme to another. the farther along in time, you see the adaptation of technology and the role of first ladies against emerge as well. now, they have a very public role for varsity's first ladies -- most of these first ladies. at first they were behind the scenes and did not do that too much.

steve: a former first lady is running for president. mark: the chapter on hillary clinton, if you want to know how she approaches campaigning in politics, read that chapter. you know right away she is the most famous woman in the world. the most well-known woman in the world. he is on the trail with her in 1992 and things are getting sort of rough for the clintons. toshows how hillary reacted things i think you would rather have not if happened but she goes on the attack with republicans. it shows a very savvy first lady and politician even back in 1992. steve: what you learned working on the book? mark my favorite stories are the : ones that i did not know before. lucy hayes, known as lemonade lucy for prohibiting alcohol in the white house. she is in some ways ahead of her time. , youof my grace coolidge

have the silent calvin coolidge and grace coolidge is almost a rock star. she is opposite of calvin coolidge. you learn even about modern first ladies. lady bird johnson -- all first ladies go back to her as a role model. she is one of the first two takes on causes. eleanor roosevelt does, but then there is a break taking on a cause. lady bird johnson takes on this cause of beautification. it is really environmentalism. i learned they really do play a and in the public stage they can get a lot done. steve: what is the role of richard norton smith? mark a great friend of ours, his : idea for the series. he is a guest on the martha washington program, the betty ford program. he makes a good point when you read this book that some first lady's, when you think about it, probably had as much if not more influence on the way we live our lives. look at betty ford.

she comes up for e.r.a., ahead of the curve is the first nation. she is not saying something's gerald ford was a here, but you think about her causes after her time of the white house. substance abuse. in a way she had an effect on a lot of people's lives, maybe more than some of the president's. ladies: historians on the lives of 45 iconic american women." available at your favorite bookseller and online. cap british prime minister theresa may speaking on the final day of the conservative already conference in birmingham, england. she emphasized her party is rooted in the ideas of the average worker, and is the government job to build a stronger, united britain after brexit. this was theresa may's first party conferences prime minister. this is just over an hour.

♪ [applause] theresa may: when we came to

birmingham this week, some big questions were hanging in the air. do we have a plan for brexit? we do. are we ready for the effort it will take to see it through? we are. can boris johnson stay on message for a full four days? [laughter] [applause] just about. [laughter] but i know there's another big question people want me to answer. what's my vision for britain? my philosophy, my approach? today, i want to answer that question very directly. i want to set out my vision for britain after brexit. i want to lay out my approach, the things i believe.

i want to explain what a country that works for everyone means. i want to set our party and our country on the path towards the new center ground of british politics. built on the values of fairness and opportunity. where everyone plays by the same rules and where every single person, regardless of their background, or that of their parents, is given the chance to be all they want to be. [applause] and as i do so, i want to be clear about something else. that a vision is nothing without the determination to see it through. no vision ever built a business by itself. no vision ever clothed a family.

or fed a hungry child. no vision ever fed a country on its own. you need to put the hours in and the effort, too. [applause] but if you do, great things can happen. great changes can occur. and be in no doubt that's what britain needs today. because in june, people voted for change, and a change is going to come. [applause] change has got to come because as we leave the european union and take control of our own destiny, the task of tackling some of britain's longstanding challenges, like how to train enough people to do the jobs of the future, becomes ever more urgent.

but change has got to come, too, because of the quiet revolution that took place in our country just three months ago. a revolution in which millions of our fellow citizens stood up and said they were not prepared to be ignored any more. [applause] this is a turning point for our country. a once in a generation chance to change the direction of our nation for good. to step back and ask ourselves what kind of country we want to be. let's be clear. we have come a long way over the past six years. we've brought the deficit down, got more people into work than ever before. taken the lowest pay out of income tax, established the new national living wage, helped nearly a million new businesses to set up and grow. but almost 1.5 million more

children into good or outstanding schools. put record investment into the nhs, created nearly 3 million new apprenticeships and brought crime down by more than a quarter to its lowest ever level. that's a record of which we should all be proud. [applause] and this morning, it's right that we pause to say thank you to the man who made that possible. a man who challenged us to change and told us that if we did, we would win again. and he was right. we did change. we did win. the first majority conservative government in almost 25 years. a great leader of our party. a great servant to our country, david cameron, thank you. [applause]

but now we need to change again. for the referendum was not just a vote to withdraw from the eu. it was about something broader. something that the european union had come to represent. it was about a sense, deep, profound and, let's face it, often justified that many people have today. that the world works well for a privileged few, but not for them. it was a vote not just to change britain's relationship with the european union but to call for a change in the way our country works and the people for whom it works forever.

knock on almost any door in almost any part of the country, and you will find the roots of that revolution laid bare. our society should work for everyone. but if you can't afford to get on to the property ladder, or your child is stuck in a bad school, it doesn't feel like it's working for you. our economy should work for everyone. but if your pay has sagtagnated for several years in a row and fixed items of spending keep going up, it doesn't feel like it's working for you. our democracy should work for everyone. but if you have been trying to say things need to change for years and your complaints fall on deaf ears, it doesn't feel like it's working for you. and the roots of the revolution run deep. because it wasn't the wealthy who made the biggest sacrifices after the financial crisis but ordinary working class families.

[applause] and if you are one of those people who lost their job, who stayed in work but on reduced hours, took a pay cut as household bills rocketed, or, and i know a lot of people don't like to admit this, someone who finds themselves out of work or on lower wages because of low skills integration, life simply doesn't seem fair. it feels like your dreams have been sacrificed in the service of others. so change has got to come. [applause] because if we don't respond, if we don't take this opportunity to deliver the change people want, resentments will grow.

divisions will become entrenched. and that would be a disaster for britain. because the lesson of britain is that we are a country built on the bonds of family, community, citizenship. of strong institutions and a strong society. the country of my parents who instilled in me a sense of public service and public servants everywhere who want to give something back. the parent who works hard all week but takes time out to coach the kids' football team at the weekend. the local family business in my constituency that's been serving the community for more than 50 years. the servicemen and women i met last week who wear their uniform proudly at home and serve our nation with honor abroad. [applause]

a country of decency, fairness, result, and the successful country. small in size but large in stature with less than 1% of the laureates, more nobel than any country outside the united states with three added homeworkterday, two of here in this great city. [applause] a country with top two of the three universities in the world. institution like the nhs and bbc whose reputations act go in some of the farthest corners of the globe. all possible because we are one united kingdom, england,

northern wales, and ireland, and i will always fight to preserve our proud to store let divisive never nationalist terrorists apart. [applause] yet within our society today we see division and unfairness all around. between a more prosperous older generation and struggling younger generation. but perhaps most of all, between the rich and successful and the powerful and fellow citizens. don't get me wrong, we applaud success. value something else, of citizenship.

that spirit that means you bonds that make our society work. to the men and women who live around you, work for you, who buy the goods and sell.es you the spirit that means recognizing the social contract. you take on local young people before you take on cheap labor from overseas. that spirit that means you pay your fair share of tax. [applause] but today too many people in positions of power behave as if common with anin international relief than people down the road, the people they employ, the people they pass on .he street that if you believe you are a citizen of the world, you are a citizen of nowhere.

an international company that laws as an optional extra. a household name that refuses to work with the authorities even to fight terrorism. outrector who takes dividends while knowing the company pension is about to go west. -- bust. [applause] i am putting you on warning, this cannot go on anymore. come andhas got to this party is going to make it.

so today i want to set out my where everyone plays by the same rules and every person has an opportunity to be all they .ant to be a plan to tackle the unfairness injustice that divides us so we may build a new united great britain. plan that will mean government stepping up, writing wrong, interest.g vested doing what we believe to be right, getting the job done right. that is the good government can for, tohat i am in this stand up for the week and up to the power, and to put of government squarely at the service of ordinary working-class people, because too often that is not how it works today. just listen to the way a lot of politicians and commentators

public.ut the concerns parochial. crime you about liberal and attachment to job security inconvenient. they find the fact that more than 17 million voters decided their european union be will during. if you are well off and comfortable, britain is a , and theseountry concerns are not your concerns. to dismiss them and to say all you want from government is to get out of the way. it is time to remember the good government can do. time for a new approach. can and shouldnt be a force for good. state exist to provide individual people cannot.

and that we should employ the empowerment of the government for the good of the people. new ground in which government sets up and not act heart of us all. providing security from crime but mental health and unemployment, to. supporting free market but stepping into repair them. encouraging business and supporting free trade but not excepting one set of rule for some and another for everyone else. [applause] and if we do, if we act to koran -- correct unfairness and put ofernment at the service ordinary working people, we can

britain in which everyone plays by the same power and which the privilege no longer ignore the interest of the people. only we can do it. the main lesson i take from the conference last week is that the labor party is not just in i did divisive. againsted to pick one another. to embrace the politics of pointless protests. pull people further apart. that is what labor stands for, fighting among themselves. threatening to end their career. supporting voices of hate. you know what some people call them, the nasty party. [applause]

with labor divided divisive and touch, we have a to step up,ty represent, and govern for the whole nation. so when labor builds barriers, we will build bridges. that means tackling injustice and shifting the balance of britain in favor of ordinary working-class people. the opportunities that are too

often the deserved of the chris -- privileged few. creating a country in which hard work is rewarded. a nation where contribution matters more than empowerment. does not turn its back on globalization but ensures the shared byf shared -- all. every person may share in the wealth of the nation and live the life free from fear. that is what i mean by a country that works for everyone. believe in the good do, thent can importance of people to trust us to deliver the change they need. start by doing something obvious, stop quibbling, respect people told us and take britain

out of the european union. [applause] it took that typically quiet resolve to go out and vote as they did to ignore the threat, make their voice heard. let's be clear about what is happen. a great repeal bill to get rid of the unions act. made not in brussels but in westminster. our judges sitting not in luxembourg that courts across the land.

[applause] authority of the eu law in the country ended forever. us they wanted things, and this conservative government is going them.iver is of course too early to say what agreement we will reach for the eu. tough initiation and require give and take. while there were always be running, andive a treats, it will not be in our national interest to do so. let me be clear. i wanted to reflect the strong we enjoye relationship with our european friends. i want it to involve free trade in goods and services. british to get

companies the maximum freedom to operate within the single market and let european businesses do the same here. we are not leaving the european union only to give up control of immigration all over again. we're not leaving only to return jurist diction for the european .ourt of justice that is not going to happen. to become a fully sovereign and independent country, and the deal will have to work for great britain. [applause] and that britain we've else after brexit will be a global britain.

because while we are leaving the european union, we will not continent of europe. will not abandon our friends and allies abroad and not from the world. now is the time to build a confident road for ourselves on the world stage. keeping our promises to the world, people of the providing humanitarian support to refugees in need. taking the lead of the cracking down of modern slavery wherever it is found. ratifying the agreement on climate change. as the strongest and most passionate advocate. and always committed to a andng, national defense supporting the finest armed forces known to man. [applause]

and this week, our excellent proved notretary only we will support them with our heart and soul, not only will we remain committed to spending 2% of our national defense, but we will never again in any future activistset those lawyerng human rights commits acts on the bravest men of our armed forces. [applause] ,t is about restoring fairness

something that must be at the heart of everything we do. supporting those who do the thing, who make a contribution. helping those who give something back. that is at the heart of the plan for mac economy, to. where everyone plays by the same rules. things like the shortage of homes.ble discussion make big -- make big decisions and invest infrastructure. politicians have talked about this for years, but the trouble is this kind of change will itself.st happen by if that is what we want, we need to the vision and determination through. that is why philip hammond and

greg clark are working on a new strategy for the structural get writtennd firing on all cylinders again. winnerst about picking or bringing all companies back from the dead, it is about identifying the industry that is the countrylue to and promoting them through policies on trade, tax , research and development. it is about doing what every other major economy in the world does. not just sitting back and seeing what happens but putting a place plan -- a plan in place. we will identify the sectors of country. harris safe, car manufacturing, creative industries and many others that are of strategic importance to the economy and do everything we can to encourage, them, andnd support we will identify the places that potential to contribute

to economic growth and become millions of new jobs. means uninspiring an economic and cultural revival. we have made a start. over the past year foreign investment has increased but double the rate of the rest of the country. [applause] here thanks to the incredible rover, the only parts of the country thought runs a trade surplus with china. and across the region, on track to deliver 300,000 more jobs by 2020. now it is time to build on that

success. show our support for the conservative party candidate for election. a success in business john lewis , and action man and john birmingham. to get things done. the future mayor of westminster glen -- westminster. an economy that works for everyone is in economy where everyone plays by the same rules . i understand the frustration people fill -- feel when they see the rich and powerful things they with would not dream of doing. i understand that, because i

it, too. excuse orlways an reason why that cannot be done, but when that is used as an action and free market fall, the will always party believe in the free market. why it is thisly party that should act to defend them. conservatives have always understood that if you want to preserve something important, you need to be prepared to reform it. we what's apply that same approach today. where i work markets are dysfunctional. we should be prepared to intervene. are avoiding the failure of the market in which operate, where consumer choice is inhibited i complex pricing structures, we must set right.ket not right, for example, that half the people and smallrural areas

businesses cannot get a decent broadband connection. [applause] it is just not right that two customers aregy stuck on the most expensive terrorists and not right that the housing market continues to fail working people either. ask any question about fairness and the answer on often comes back to housing. housing cost. ofs lies at the heart falling social mobility, savings and productivity. we will do everything we can to help people financially so they home.ild their own that is why helped to buy and right to buy are the right

things to do. there is an honest truth we need .o address we simply need to build more homes. means using the power of government to step in and prepare the functional housing market. it means encouraging new technology that will help to get faster and built more investment, too. it means stepping up and doing right for britain. work fore market working people, because that is what government can do. they need to do, take big, sometimes even controversial decisions about the country's infrastructure britainwe need to get firing in all areas again. aheadwhy we will press with high speed to. will shortly announce a

decision on expanding the airport capacity, and why having reviewed the evidence and added important new national security safeguard we find the sticking point. take the big decisions when they are the right decisions for britain, because what government can do. we can make these decisions economy is strong and the fiscal discipline we have shown over the past six years, and we must continue to balanced budget. economy that works for everyone, we must invest in the things that matter, the with the long term return. how we can improve productivity, increase economic growth, and ensure everyone gets share. .hat is not the only reason because while monetary policy with superlow interest rates and

quantitative easing provide the necessary emergency medicine after the financial crash, we acknowledge there have been bad side effects. that -- with assets have gotten richer. people with mortgages have found debt cheaper. people with savings have found .hemselves poorer a change has got to come. we have got to deliver it. that is what a conservative government can do. [applause] this party will always be the party of business, large and small, but we must acknowledge of number of small businesses behave fuel the way people feel. norm.not the i know that most businesses are

hard-working and public spirited heart, but the actions of a few tar the reputation of many. believes business will do things to help change support it. and too often the scrutiny they .rovide is not good enough a change has got to come. later this year we will publish our plan to have not just consumers represented on company boards, but workers as well. ofause we are the parties workers. those who contribute and give up their best. that is why we announced lawsday we will review our to make sure people are properly work.ted at that is right, workers right.

rights protected and enhanced by a conservative government. let me say something about tax. we are all conservative here. taxll believe in a low economy, but we know tax is the living in a for civilized society. no single business has succeeded own.eir .he goods are transported the customers are a part of sophisticated network taking in sector.ate we all played a part in that success. it does not matter to me who you .re if you are a tax dodger, we are coming after you. [applause]

if you are an accountant, advisor or middleman people to avoid what they owe to society, we are coming after you, too. [applause] an economy that works for everyone is one where everyone .lays by the same rules so where were you are, every rich and powerful, you have a tax, and we are going to make sure you do. is a big agenda for change necessary. a program for government to act to create an economy that works for everyone. an economy that is on the side of ordinary, working-class people. economy that can support the vital public services and institutions upon which we all rely to invest in the things we hold dear.

like the nhs. one of the finest health care ,ystems anywhere in the world and a vital national institution. ournstitution that reflects values, our belief in fairness, and which we all take enormous pride. and i mean all. because there is complete cross support. for the thousands of doctors and work around the clock to care for their patients. story about the nurse who care for a loved one saved the life of a friend. let us take this opportunity to nurses,the doctors and thank you. [applause]

unite us, but year after year, election after election, labor tries to use it to divide us. wasvery election after it started, labor said they would time we haveevery spent more on it. election they say we want nhs, and every time we have protected it. not this party but the labour party. [applause] the only party to ever cut , buting is not this party the labour party. that is what they do in wales.

at the last election it was not the labour party that pledge to asked to meet the five-year plan, it was this party,the conservative investing in a strict billion more than it nhs, asked for. this year more patients are , more operations are being carried out by more doctors and nurses than ever before. tribute to everyone who works in the nhs, but also man, jeremy hunt, one of -- most passionate [applause] jeremy is one of the most passionate advocates for nurses, and doctors, then we have ever known. let's have -- they have a

compassion. [applause] let's put an end to their sanctimonious pretence of moral superiority. [applause] let's make clear that they have given up the right to call themselves the party of the nhs, the party of the workers, the party of public servants. they gave up that right when they adopted the politics of division. when their extreme ideological fixations led them to simply stop listening to the country. when they abandoned the centre ground. and let us take this opportunity to show that we, the conservative party, truly are the party of the workers the , party of public servants, the party of the nhs.

because we believe in public service. we believe in investing in and supporting the institutions that make our country great. we believe in the good that government can do. government cannot stand aside when it sees social injustice and unfairness. if we want to make sure britain is a country that works for everyone, government has to act to make sure opportunity is fairly shared. and i want us to be a country where it doesn't matter where you were born, who your parents are, where you went to school, what your accent sounds like, what god you worship, whether you're a man or a woman, gay or straight, black or white. all that should matter is the talent you have and how hard you're prepared to work. [applause]

but if we're honest, we'll admit that's simply not the case for everyone today. advancement in today's britain is still too often determined by wealth or circumstance, by an accident of birth rather than talent, by privilege not merit. rebalancing our economy is a start, but if we're serious about overturning some of the longstanding injustices and barriers that stop working people from getting on, we need that economic reform to be allied with genuine and deep social reform too. because a society that works for everyone is a society based on

this and only genuine social , -- fairness, and only genuine social reform can deliver it. genuine social reform means helping more people onto the housing ladder. it means making sure every child has access to a good school place. it means never writing off people who can work and consigning them to a life on benefits, but giving them the chance to go out and earn a living and to enjoy the dignity that comes with a job well done. but for those who can't work, we must offer our full support, which is why it was so important that damian green announced on saturday that we will end the mandatory retesting of those with chronic health conditions that only induces stress but -- [applause] and genuine social reform means addressing historic injustices that hold too many people back.

some of my proudest moments as home secretary came when we began to tackle deep-seated and long-standing problems that few had dared to tackle before. i introduced the first ever modern slavery act, bringing in tough new penalties to put slave masters behind bars, with life sentences for the worst offenders. i cut the police's use of stop and search by almost two thirds and reduced the disproportionate targeting of young, black men. and i know our impressive new home secretary amber rudd is committed to carrying on that work. [applause] but injustices remain. if you are from a black caribbean background, you are three times more likely to be permanently excluded from school than other children. if you are a black woman, you are seven times more likely to be detained under mental health legislation than a white woman.

people in ethnic minority households are almost twice as likely to live in relative poverty as white people. but it is not just those from minority backgrounds who are affected. white working class boys are less likely to go to university than any other group in society. we cannot let this stand, not if a country that works for everyone is the principle that binds us all together. that's why i have launched an unprecedented audit of public services to shine a light on these racial disparities and let us do something about them. because they are all burning injustices, and i want this government, this conservative government, to fight every single one of them. [applause]

a society that works for everyone is one of fairness and opportunity. a society in which everyone has the chance to go as far as their talents will take them. that's why, in one of the first speeches i gave as prime minister, i set out my plans to transform britain into a great meritocracy. and that starts in our schools. i want britain to be a country in which every child has access to a good school place that's right for that individual child. because britain after brexit will need to make use of all of the talent we have in this country. we have come a long way. thanks to the free schools and academies program and the efforts of teachers, heads, and governors, there are now 1.4 million more children in good and outstanding schools compared with 2010. but we need to go further. because there are still one and a quarter million children in schools that are just not good

enough. and if you live in the midlands or the north, you have less chance of attending a good school than children in the south. this simply cannot go on. that's why justine greening and i have set out a new package of reforms, building on michael gove's success, to increase the number of good school places across the country, so there's not just a school place for every child, but a good school place for every child. a school place that suits the skills, interests, and abilities of every single pupil. that is why we want more of our -- [applause] that is why we want more of our great universities to set up or sponsor schools in the state sector, just as the university of birmingham has done, a few miles from here. it's why we are saying to the

great private schools that, in return for their charitable tax status, we want them to do more to take on children without the means to pay, or set up and sponsor good state schools. it is why we want more good faith schools for parents and pupils who want them. and it is why we have said, where there is demand from parents, where they will definitely take pupils from all backgrounds, where they will play a part in improving the quality of all schools in their area, we will lift the ban on establishing new grammar schools too. [applause] and here we see the challenge. because for too long politicians have said to people and communities who are crying out for change that they can't have what they want. they've said, we don't think you

should have it, even though we might enjoy those very same things for ourselves. and you end up in the absurd situation where you stop these good, popular, life-changing schools from opening, by law. imagine. think of what that says. if you're rich or well off, you can have a selective education for your child. you can send them to a selective private school. you can move to a better catchment area or afford to send them long distances to get the education you want. but if you're not, you can't. i can think of no better illustration of the problem why ordinary working class people think it's one rule for them, and another for everyone else. because the message we are sending them is this -- we will not allow their children to have the same opportunities that wealthier children enjoy. that is a scandal and we, the conservative party, must bring it to an end. [applause]

so my vision is for britain to be a great meritocracy. that's what i've always believed in. the cause that everything i have ever done in politics has been designed to serve. because a country based on merit not privilege, is a country that's fair. and when we overcome unfairness and injustice, we can build that new united britain that we need. and united, we can do great things. we saw that in the summer in rio. we saw how individual success was powered by collective effort. how the dedication and talent of one was supported by a united team. and how a government's determination, john major's conservative government's determination, to step up and

back britain's success contributed -- [applause] we were honoured to welcome four members of the team, helen richardson-walsh, dame sarah storey, vicky thornley and andrew triggs-hodge to our conference on monday. and to them and to every athlete and every member of team and paralympics gb we say, thank you. you did your country proud. [applause] it was a memorable summer for british sport, but one moment stood out for me above all other. it was not from rio. it happened later.

just a couple of weeks ago on the sun-drenched streets of cozumel in mexico. there, our celebrated triathlon champion jonny brownlee was heading for glory, the finishing line in sight, when he faltered. stopped. and was falling exhausted to the ground. and just behind him, his brother alistair, a tough competitor who typically yields to no one, had the chance to run on and steal the prize. but seeing his brother's struggle, he didn't pass on by. as other competitors ran past, he stopped, reached out his hand, and gently carried him home. and there in that moment, we saw revealed an essential truth. that we succeed or fail together. we achieve together or fall

short together. and when one among us falters, our most basic human instinct is to put our own self-interest aside, to reach out our hand and help them over the line. that's why the central tenet of my belief is that there is more to life than individualism and self-interest. [applause] we form families, communities, towns, cities, counties, and nations. we have a responsibility to one another. and i firmly believe that government has a responsibility too. it is to act to encourage and nurture those relationships,

networks, and institutions, and to step up to correct injustices and tackle unfairness where it can, because these are the things that can drive us apart. that's why i say today, as i have always said, that my mission and the mission of this party is to build a country that truly works for everyone, not just the privileged few. it's why when i stood on the steps of number 10 for the first time as prime minister 84 days ago, i said that the government i lead will be driven not by the interests of the rich and powerful, but by the interests of ordinary, working class people. and this week, we have shown the country that we mean business. not just protecting, but enhancing workers' rights. building an economy that's fair, where everyone plays by the same rules. getting more houses built. more doctors in the nhs. investing in things that will make our economy grow. hundreds of great new schools.

universities and fee-paying schools helping state schools to improve. and yes, where parents want them and where they'll improve standards for children of whatever background , the first new grammar schools to open in britain for fifty years. [applause] this is a bold plan to bring britain together. to build a new united britain, rooted in the center ground. an agenda for a new modern conservatism that understands the good government can do, that will never hesitate to face down the powerful when they abuse positions of privilege, that will always act in the interests of ordinary, working class people.

that's what government's about -- action. it's about doing something, not being someone. about identifying injustices, finding solutions, driving change. taking, not shirking, the big decisions. having the courage to see things through. it's not always glamorous or exciting, but at its best it's a noble calling. and where many just see government as the problem, i want to show it can be part of the solution too. and i know this to be true. for as i leave the door of my office at number 10, i pass that famous staircase, the portraits of prime ministers past lined up along the wall. men, and of course one woman, of consequence, who have steered this country through difficult times

and changed it for the better too. there's disraeli, who saw division and worked to heal it. churchill, who confronted evil and had the strength to overcome. attlee, with the vision to build a great national institution. and lady thatcher, who taught us we could dream great dreams again. those portraits remind me of the good that government can do. that nothing good comes easy. but with courage and vision and determination, you can always see things through. and as i pass them every day, i remember that our nation has been shaped by those who stepped up to be counted when the big moments came. such opportunities are rare, but we face such a moment today.

a moment that calls us to respond and to reshape our nation once again. not every generation is given this opportunity. not every generation called to step up in such a way. but this is our generation's moment to write a new future upon the page. to bring power home and make britain, tore in take back control and shape our future here in britain, to build an outward looking, confident, trading nation here in britain, to build a stronger, fairer, brighter future here in britain. that is the opportunity we have been given. and the responsibility to grasp it falls upon us all. so to everyone here this morning and the millions beyond whether

levers or remain, i say come , with me and we'll write that brighter future. come with me and we'll make that change. come with me as we rise to meet this moment. come with me and together let's seize the day. [applause] [applause]

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♪ [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2016] [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. visit ncicap.org] >> with hurricane matthew, a category four storm is set to make landfall in florida friday, .stronaut mark kelly president obama declaring a state of emergency in florida as florida's governor, rick scott, calling for evacuations of large parts of the southeastern part of the state. the pentagon has granted approval for southcom to spend $11 million in overseas is after support. he also said that the national

guard prepared for mobilization florida, georgia, south carolina, and north carolina. meanwhile, a statement from the trunk campaign. donald trump, who less property in florida saying, if your home is in the path of the hurricane and you are being advised to leave, you should do so now. nothing is more important than the safety of your family. >> every weekend, book tb brings you 48 hours of nonfiction books and offers -- and authors. saturday at 7:00 p.m. eastern, hillary clinton's e-mail antroversy is the topic of panel discussion with the author of"clinton cash," the author "partners in crime," and the author of "clean house."

then, detailing the day-to-day work of u.s. diplomats and the links of diplomatic cables in her book, "to the secretary pimco -- secretary." she is interviewed by a reformer understand -- undersecretary of governmental affairs during the bush administration. >> the multiplicity with which we communicate with each other now, not only in long cables, but e-mails, texts, social -- tweets.ks on the, joseph stiglitz future of the euro with his book. go to booktv.org for the

complete schedule. >> on american history tv on c-span3, saturday evening just after 7:00, on the history of hate speech and censorship in america. the backlash to the book, "the klansmen." 1906, ailadelphia, in large group of african americans gathered outside the walnut street theater where the clan was supposed to appear. that 2000 estimated african-americans came to whites and another 1000 came to observe the protest. at the start of the play, one african-american man through and a at the stage and one person shouted, "we want to know ferring to the re

atlanta race riots. a.m., anday at 10:00 debate between michael to caucus and george h.w. bush. foundation above which this country can move, grow, invest, and build the best america for its people and our kids and grandkids. mr. bush: i wish you enjoy me in a balanced budget amendment for the federal government and a line-item veto. i think that would be extraordinarily helpful. >> at 6:00, we will take a two or of the uss wisconsin. iisaw service in world war through the gulf war. >> i want to talk a little bit about this citadel with the 17 inch armor. in front of us, we have this door which is close during combat. that door weighs approximately

five times. >> former secretary of state madeleine albright received the great american's award from the national museum of american history. >> i come back to washington after the convention for a cocktail party. the national journal says a woman walks into a cocktail party and she is a -- he is immediately surrounded by men. isn't brooke shields? no, it is madeleine albright. companyford motor executive chairman bill ford on the future of the transportation industry. ford's plansssed to build a new plant in mexico and comments made by donald trump. this is 40 minutes.

>> ok, can i have your attention please? everybody, please. quiet. eating, pleasel eat very quietly. before we start, i just want to acknowledge the presence of some additional people that showed announced thelier ids. deputy secretary of commerce bruce andrews is here. [applause] >> he used to work at four. >> if anybody has any claims, you can talk to her.

, a formergephardt ford boardmember. a current board member and and most important, former chairman of the fcc. and a ford dealer, mack mclarty. [applause] ok. so we are very honored to have you here today. let me just give people a little bit of background. bill was born in the detroit area and went to school at hotchkiss and then went to princeton graduated in 1979 and , got a job at ford and worked there for a while and then went to m.i.t. at the sloan school and got a masters degree in management, then went back to ford and has a series of jobs over a period and ultimately became a board member in 1988 and became chairman of the board in 1998.

and then, he became the ceo in 2003, which he did until 2006. he is currently the executive chairman of ford. ford is a company that his great-grandfather, henry ford, started in 1903. it is a company today has market value of roughly $49 billion. revenue last year of about $149 billion. it has about 199,000 employees. net income last year of roughly $7.2 billion. bill is active not only in helping to run ford, but also philanthropic activities in detroit, a committed environmentalists, athlete a fly , fisherman, hockey player, and a black belt in martial arts. among other things, he is somebody who has been active in helping to reinvent and renovate detroit to try to make it a much more habitable place and been very active in many philanthropic activities in the detroit area. very impressive.

mr. ford: are we finished? that was great. thank you. david when you were growing up, : did you think the ford name was a plus or minus? mr. ford: certainly, both. i never wanted it to define me, but it was something a was proud of. it is interesting. for me, academics and sports were very important because they were great equalizers. nobody cared what your last name was. you either did well academically and you were a good teammate in sports, or not. that is why both areas for me were important. you got honest feedback. david when you went to princeton : and your last name is ford, do people ask you, are you related to the car company or did you say that was a different ford? mr. ford: it depends who was asking. sometimes i would say, that is a common last name. david: what if it was an attractive woman? mr. ford: whatever it took.

david: you played sports. mr. ford: i played rugby. david: after you graduated, you went back to the company. was it something you had to do? mr. ford: no is the short answer. the company was in one of its all too many downturns. things were looking grim. i had this naive notion that i needed to go back and help if i could. i interviewed for other jobs elsewhere. i went back and remember my dad saying, don't do this if your heart is not in it. he said, you will be lousy at it and you won't be doing the company or yourself any favors. so i thought i would give it a year and see how it went. david: to put it in context henry ford has one son, right? ,mr. ford: yes. david: edsel ford had henry ford and your father, william clay ford. mr. ford: and another son and another daughter. david: your father was in the company for many years, but your uncle henry ford was the ceo for

a number of years. you're at ford for a while and you decide to get a masters degree, but you went to the sloan school, which is named after the head of general motors. mr. ford: yeah, i know. it gets pretty incestuous at some point. david: did people point that out? mr. ford: that was pointed out all the time when i was at sloan. i do separate bathroom, by the -- i had a separate bathroom, by the way. david: so after you went -- you graduated, you went back to ford and you rose up in various positions. wasn't obvious to you that you would rise up to the top? mr. ford: no. i thought i could do it, but there was no guarantees. there were many people there who wanted me to succeed, there were many people who did not want the family to succeed. and then there was this notion that my values did not always align with the top management's values. i went through this period of whether this was the right place for me to try and leave my mark in the world. david: your values being very

pro-environment. mr. ford: yes. david: and you thought internal combustion engines were not consistent with that? david: it was the notion that when i got to college, i grew up thinking the cars and trucks with the greatest. i got to college and realized there was this whole school of thought that, you know, the auto industry -- industry in general, but also autos, were not necessarily such a great thing. it really opened my eyes. i thought, we have to change it -- change if we are going to get this next generation of the best and the brightest. because if we don't come any company is only as good as its people. if we could not attract the best and the brightest, we were not going to win. david: did everyone agree? mr. ford: no. i was viewed as a bit of a bolshevik. i was told to stop very clearly to stop associating with any known or suspected

environmentalists. of course, i didn't. remember back in those days, that was the area people were plugging up discharge pipes, picketing. it was a very turbulent environmental time. there was no dialogue between the two sides. i felt there had to be. david: edsel ford had four children? mr. ford: the original? yes. david: four children. how many cousins came out of that? mr. ford: there are 13 of us in my generation. david: was it obvious you would be the one who would be running the company one day? mr. ford: probably not. i am 12th out of 13th in age. maybe that was to my advantage. when you are the ceo of a company, you begin to do something that people said was very dangerous. you borrowed $23 billion. david: -- mr. ford: i just want

to say word about dick gephardt who is here today. his leadership was so invaluable getting us through the darkest period in auto history and in ford's history. our two competitors went bankrupt and we didn't. i will always believe it was because of the leadership we had in our board and dick gephardt was an absolute hero. [applause] david: right before the great recession happened, you thought something would happen and decided to borrow money? mr. ford: i went to my board. at the time, i was chairman, i was ceo, president and coo i said, look, tough times are coming, i need help. and they said, what do you need? do you need a ceo or coo? i said, i don't care, we have got to get the right person. but we also had to borrow a lot of money because restructuring is expensive. we had a massive restructuring ahead of us.

we hired a terrific ceo. we borrowed all of this money and then we went to work. thankfully, it did work. david: when the great recession happened, ultimately, your two major competitors were bailed out by the u.s. government. did it kind of piss you off that they were bailed out and you didn't have to be bailed out? mr. ford: at a certain level, yes. but, we were in this very odd position of having to support our biggest competitors. why? because the entire industrial supply base in the country was under tremendous stress. particularly if general motors had gone under, it would have taken under a number of suppliers and it probably would have dragged us down and a number of other industrial companies. so we were in this position of having to advocate for the bailout of our competitors. david: so you have shareholders you have to deal with who are worried about the company's future, but also the family. the family controls 40% of the

voting power. do you have family councils? does the family say, we want the family to do x, y, or z? mr. ford: you can imagine a family meeting where i said, i just borrowed $23 billion and had to mortgage everything including the family name. we did. it was part of the collateral. david: what was the reaction? mr. ford: silent. [laughter] but one of the things that alan mulally and i talked about was the importance of having the family united behind us so the management team and the board of directors never felt distracted, i wonder what the families really up to. i was proud of them. they all hung together unequivocally and said, we believe in you, we believe in the plan go do it. in the 1960's and 1970's when american car manufacturer is dominated the cars in the

it was thought that they were not prepared for the onslaught of japanese and german cars. in the 1970's and 1980's, it was thought that the quality of cars produced by japanese and german manufacturers were better. do you think that was a fair analysis? do you think it is fair today they are better or not better? mr. ford: not today, but back then, absolutely a fair analysis. we had gotten fat and happy as an industry. there were tough lessons learned. david: today, you are unionized as are the other major american manufacturers. but the companies from japan or , germany when they produce cars here are not typically unionized. is that an advantage or disadvantage? mr. ford: it is not a disadvantage. people have strong opinions about unions, one way or the other. we have a great relationship with our union and maybe it is because our union has one industry they support and it is the auto industry. our success is their success. people forget that during the dark times, our union leadership was fantastic.

they actually took all of the health care obligations off our balance sheet and put it on theirs. at our darkest moment, you know, i sat down with the head of the united auto workers and i said, can you help? he said, absolutely. for him, that is a tough sell to his membership. ron gettlefinger is his name. i will never forget what he did for us. david: did you say you would help by getting others unionized? mr. ford: you have to be careful about that. there are some laws about that. we have a great relationship with our union. david: 199,000 employees. how many are blue-collar and how many are white-collar? mr. ford: the majority would be blue-collar. i do not know the exact amount. david: the employees, how many in the united states? mr. ford: we're about half in terms of the sales, half u.s., half international. david: recently, you announced

you were building a new facility in mexico. somebody mentioned -- mr. ford: you heard that? really? david: someone running for president mentioned that was not an appropriate thing. did you have a response to that? mr. ford: yes, i have. ford islike to thank everything that should be celebrated about what is right with the country. let me explain why. we did not go bankrupt, we pay back our loans, we did it the old-fashioned way. 26,000 people in the united states since 2011. $12 billion investment in the united states since then. we're the largest car and truck company in the united states making cars here. we're not the largest car and truck company, but we make disproportionate number of our

cars and trucks in the u.s. this last announcement where we are building a plant in mexico and moving some small cars there, we're not moving in new -- moving any jobs in michigan because we are putting new vehicles into those plants. you know, that is what is so frustrating and, at a certain infuriating about this because i point, feel like we have not only invested heavily in this country and are adding lots of new jobs in this country, but i think, you know, he and others should look at us and say, that is how you do business. you pay back your loans and you hire people and you invest and you invest -- [applause] david: did you have a chance to explain that directly to him? mr. ford: i have. david: did he change his mind? mr. ford: well -- you know, i had a very good meeting with him. he was a very good listener. he knows the facts. who knows what the campaign

trail is all about -- i certainly don't. david: let's talk about cars for a moment. when you manufacture cars, you sell them to dealers. is it like on a consignment? mr. ford: no. they take them and sell them. david: when you go to buy a car at the dealer and there is a sticker on it. is that the real sticker price? [laughter] is that where you start negotiating from? everybody always feels the sticker you have to negotiate. do people still do that? mr. ford: it varies dealer by dealer. dealers are independent business people. we do not control the dealers. what they do is really -- the practices, unfortunately, are quite varied across dealerships. david: a dealer will say i have a need for certain types of cars. how long does it take to produce a car that is red with certain types -- mr. ford: like over here? david: yes.

what is the price? ok, so when you drive a car, you drive, i presume, a ford product. mr. ford: yes. a fair statement. david: do you test the new models? mr. ford: i do. i drive our competitors stuff, too. when my kids were young i to be , careful because they would tell me i could not park in the driveway when i would bring them home. i drive everything. david: what is the best value for money? suppose i wanted to buy a car today -- mr. ford: oh, my goodness. david: what would you recommend? let's say i have $25,000, could i get anything? mr. ford: of course, you could. it is completely dependent upon what lifestyle people have and what they need. it is sort of like asking what , is your favorite child? that is a tough one to answer. david: speaking of children, your four children. are they allowed to drive

non-ford cars? mr. ford: they will be disowned. david: so, when you're driving around michigan and you need gasoline, do you pump it yourself? do people know who you are? mr. ford: they do. i have lived in the area my whole life. my kids play sports with their kids. i live a pretty low-key lifestyle and i love the fact that i go out and just hang out with everybody. thought to has been be a manufacturer of hardware of course, but now you're trying to move more into the software area. you have coined the phrase "smart mobility." can you explain what that means? mr. ford: if you can bear with me for a second, i gave a ted talk in 2011 saying the way people were looking at the world was wrong. they were looking at a world of 7 billion people going to 9 billion people on the planet, rising gdp's around the world a , growing middle class in places like india and china, and our industry was extrapolating out

saying, this is fantastic, we can sell x number of more cars and trucks. i said, timeout. where are they going to go? we already have gridlock in cities around the world. the notion we can start jamming ever more cars and trucks into overcrowded cities makes no sense to me. we have to completely new approach to what it means to move people and goods and health care around city centers. that really embarked as upon this journey of solving gridlock in cities. but then you expand it beyond cities and say, well, there are mobility issues everywhere. for instance, there are 800 million people in the world without access to health care. what if mobility then can provide that? one example is we have a pilot in india where we are using our vehicles to go out to rural villages where there are no doctors and we use our connected vehicle to transmit the mothers

-- expected mothers' health back to hospitals in the city and a device is transmitted back. if we need to deliver medicine or something, we can do that, too. this whole notion of mobility -- most people are focused on cities, and that is right. there's also a poverty element. harvard did a study that says the number one cause of poverty is people not being of the to -- not being able to get to where their work is. so what if we can enable mobility so that people can move freely, particularly around cities, and then that will be a great thing. smart mobility notion is us -- not just us, but us and others, trying to figure out, how do we move people, how do we move food, how do we move health care in an ever more crowded world? david: some say large companies like ford, it is hard to make decisions quickly, then people

can come along and disrupt you. tesla comes along. are you making electric cars? do you expect that to be a major part of your business in 10 years? mr. ford: yes, we do, and it will be a major part. we're disrupted at every level. the powertrain, internal combustion to electric, the way people access vehicles. it used to be you went and bought a vehicle and it sat in your garage. now you have uber and lyft. drivingon of autonomous is not science fiction. it is coming fast. david: you're not afraid? mr. ford: not at all. it is quite fascinating. the first time you get in it is a bit of a leap of faith. and you realize it is quite interesting. david: are you in the back seat or the front? [laughter] mr. ford: it's is interesting. there will be known during will, -- no steering wheel no pedals, , so you can sit anywhere you want. there are some ethical lessons that will have to be solved before these become ubiquitous. you and i are driving and we

come across a potential accident. we act instinctively because that is all we can do. these cars will have such quick computing power -- the easy is, who does the car choose to head the grandmother , or the baby? it goes beyond that. what is the best outcome for society is for the car to take you out, the occupant? what if the car can intercept a runaway bus that might be hitting 10 pedestrians? for society's sake, it might be best to save those 10 pedestrians -- david: and kill me. mr. ford: those of ethical questions we have never had to face before. no one company is going to solve that. could you imagine if we had one algorithm and toyota had another and general motors had another? obviously, you cannot do that. we need to have a national discussion on ethics, i think, because we've never had to think of these things before but the cars will have the time and the

ability to do that. david: presumably, they will operate on some type of mechanism that could be attacked by a cyber terrorist, right? mr. ford: cybersecurity becomes a very big deal, absolutely. david: there are some companies where they say we will rent cars for a couple of hours. most people do not drive their cars all day, so they can be rented. won't that mean that fewer people will buy cars and you will sell less if that happens? mr. ford: in this world, that is going to happen potentially anyway. the way we are looking at it, there are lots of revenue streams and new business models that will come up around mobility. and the idea of transportation. yes, the traditional old model may or may not have peaked, but there will be new revenue streams. if we do it correctly, we can be less capital-intensive, higher margin, less cyclical if we participate in a number of revenue streams along the way and not just sell a car, be done with it, and wash our hands.

now, having said that, we will live in both worlds for some time because the world we're talking about now won't happen overnight and it won't happen all at once. so we are going to have to straddle both worlds, making cars and trucks like we do today for quite a while, and yet we're going to have to also be building this business, this or -- this smart mobility business, working with cities and i think that is really exciting the , notion of having the city as a customer. rather than as going to cities and say, here's all of this great technology, hope you like it. actually go and listen and say, what are your problems? tell us what you as a city are acing? then let's figure out today, what are solutions? david: you work with software companies in silicon valley. is that something that will take you to a company that makes more software than hardware? mr. ford: it will do a couple of things. absolutely, that will happen. you will see many more

partnerships between us and other companies. i served on the board of ebay for 11 years and i was out in the valley every month. and this term frenemies was used. they were your enemy today and you're working on a project together tomorrow. that is the world i think we're entering into. we will be doing a lot more alliances, a lot more collaboration with companies. they will be one off kind of things and we may compete against them over in another area. david: when you decided you wanted to join the ebay board, what did the people at ford say about that? mr. ford: keeping with my environmental point of view, they kind of thought i was a bolshevik. think back this is probably 14 , years ago. they said, we think would be good if you joined a board. i think they thought it was going to join a big industrial company. i came back and said, i narrowed it down to starbucks and ebay. they said, what? i said, well, starbucks took the ultimate commodity, which you

could buy at the corner gas station for $.25 a cup and they turned it into the ultimate consumer item. we have the ultimate consumer item and in the process to commoditize it. that was interesting. ebay was interesting because the idea you would do business with somebody you will never meet, across borders, across the world and trust that person, to me, was interesting. i thought it might have implications for us going forward. i had gone to school with meg whitman. meg said to me, i understand you're considering -- you have no choice, you're coming to mine. i was glad i did. i loved it. it was a great time. we bought paypal. it was a real go-go growth era. the valley was an interesting place. david: ebay sells things that have been owned by somebody else. in the automobile world, selling used cars has a complicated reputation. some people think you might not

get a great thing. mr. ford: ebay, their used car business is fantastically successful. i have bought some cars off of ebay. sight unseen, you never know the buyer, and the transactions are great. i'm not here to shill ebay i am , just telling you, it is interesting that people will do business -- the founder of ebay, who is really very brilliant he , founded it with the notion of people are inherently good and that would be proven out. and he was right. david: well, some people would say maybe everybody isn't inherently good. maybe they are. who knows? mr. ford: the business model proved that was true. david: so today, you talked your father, i assume, over his grandfather henry ford. what did he ever tell you about henry ford? mr. ford: he told me -- my dad was very close to his grandfather. i have a lot of stories that are just fun stories he told me

about his great-grandfather or his grandfather. david: henry ford's innovation was inventing a car that could be manufactured relatively quickly? mr. ford: yes. and the five dollar a day wage when the average was two dollars and profit-sharing. he was called a bolshevik in his day. he was thrown out of capitalist societies for the five dollar a day wage and the profit-sharing idea. david: do you worry about competition from chinese car manufacturers? mr. ford: sure. i worry about competition from everywhere. we live in a very disruptive world. we need to be aware of what everybody is doing. we cannot dismiss anybody. a startup, a three-man started -- startup today may be disrupting our world in six months from now. that is just the world we live in. we need to be accessible to these young companies. one of the things we're spending a lot of time on is, how do we interact with these young companies? how do we let them navigate our bureaucracy? how do we champion them in the company?

david: are you worried about the fact that, while car sales are good now, your profits are largely coming from suvs and trucks and if gasoline prices were to go up again, the theory is that those sales would go down. how are you trying to get that problem solved? mr. ford: the world is always going to need trucks. one thing we did is we put our ecoboost engine, very fuel-efficient engine, into a truck. there was a school of thought that truck buyers will never buy a v6 engine, they always want v8. guess what? it worked great. we made our trucks all aluminum. people said, they will never buy aluminum trucks. you are taking 700 pounds of weight out. it gives you much better fuel economy and better performance, better braking and acceleration. it worked. what we have taken as a philosophy, we're going to be making a full range of vehicles, but we are going to make every single one as fuel-efficient as we possibly can.

suvs, you know, he's to be suvs were just big, brawny vehicles. now you have small ones, too, because people like the utility of having an suv. david: when you drive a car that is not a ford -- mr. ford: you are quite fascinated with this notion. david: if you were going to buy a non-ford product, what would you recommend to someone? [laughter] mr. ford: well, probably something that you don't mind beating up much because that is about all they are worth. [laughter] no, look, i have favorite cars that are non-ford. some of our competitors do spectacular things. at the end of the day, i don't ever sit there and wish i had them. i sit around and say, how do we beat them? david: this car right here this , is one of your midsized cars. something like that would go for roughly what? mr. ford: whatever you want to pay. no, this is a family car. we've been very successful in that segment.

interestingly, to your point, the growth of this segment and the shrinking of this segment does correlate in many respects to fuel prices. you raised that point a minute ago. what happens when fuel prices go up? there is a magic point -- about four dollars a gallon, you start to see profound shifts in people's buying behavior. the other thing is, if there are big spikes and valleys people , get freaked out because they can't anticipate what the ownership cycle is going to be like. what we're trying to do with his vehicle and all vehicles is to make them all really fuel-efficient so we won't have quite the same huge gyroscope going forward we've had in the past. david: when people buy new car, how long do they own it before they trade it in or sell it? mr. ford: it depends on if it is leased or bought, but about four or five years. david: you're in washington.

do you come here to deal with government regulators and what is that experience like? mr. ford: we actually have a very good with most of the -- very good relationship with most of the regulators. they take the time to understand our business and we take a lot of time to make sure that they do understand our business. we invite them to detroit, take them to our lab, take them to our safety demos. then we try to help them with their jobs. we gather data for them. it is a pretty good relationship. there are days and weeks when it is not so great, but generally, we have been very pleased with the level of responsiveness, maybe because it is not a new thing for us. you have been at the company a long time. you started in 1979. you're still pretty young. you could be at the company longer than anybody. bill: on the other hand, i've

never been more excited about this whole world that we have been discussing, the smart mobility, the tremendous change that lay ahead of us. i wake up every morning so excited because i believe any company's purpose is to make peoples lives better. if it is not doing that, it probably should not exist. that has to be reinterpreted through every era we live in. i look back to the model t. prior to the model t, most people in this country did not travel more than 25 miles from home in their entire lifetime. all of a sudden, the model t enabled them to choose where they lived, worked, and play. it changed everything. then we had things like, obviously, ambulances and police cars and fire trucks. here we are at the threshold of a different age and so the challenge is, how do we reinterpret that heritage for this new era and make people's lives better in this new era? that is so exciting.