think about that.ists when you think of benjamin franklin gambling out of constitution hall in philadelphia in 1788 and the little old lady and the may be apocryphal story where she comes up and says mr. franklin, what kind of government have you built? and he says it is a republic if you can keep it. i would hazard to guess that most of our founders in philadelphia, if they knew the state of civic understanding today, they may have made another run at george washington about accepting that monarchy. [laughter] there are fundamental things that we are not getting done and they are a crisis. i thought i might be standing in front of you talking about this at a time when we were about to seat withce scalia's

some horrible super legislator that wanted a job that did not require them to run for reelection. and i say as someone who lived on a campaign bus with three small children with 16 months, i did nearly 400 town halls, no one paid me the hundred hot -- .he hundred $50 overcharge it is not fair for some democratic nominee. [applause] [laughter] to go and try and make law on the court without having to stand before the people for reelection. the real reason it is not fair is because the people are supposed to rules and policy is supposed to be made by the people through their elected representatives. and 435 of the 535 people that i work with our able to be fired

within 23 months and 29 days. it is a glorious thing. we also have a six-year term. [laughter] policy should be made in the article one branch. policy should not be made why unelected judges. policy, except in the case of policyal -- of foreign emergencies, are not to be made by the article to branch regardless of what colored jersey the person is wearing who inhabits that branch. [applause] some of you know the waters of the u.s. role of the epa and bunch ofly, it is a postmodern mumbo-jumbo that says in the clean water act, when it says there is an inter-intra- state distinction, we at the epa would like to have more powers so we will obliterate that

distinction. in the county of which i live in nebraska, my county supervisors cannot make their own decisions about road widening projects on long a two lane county road that has a man-made ditch next to it that is usually dried and went and whens usually dry it has water, it comes from an irrigation system. the epa's reach now extends there. that is laughably absurd. i want to take a crane and put a speedboat in that ditch and have my kids stand behind it and i want to film a youtube video that the skiing is not working so well and i want to talk to the epa administrator about how she can fix my problem. [laughter] i was traveling nebraska last who is ad a rancher larger-than-life marlborough man

and he was angry about the waters of the u.s. role and i was in line with him on the issue and yet i still thought i might die from this encounter. [laughter] toally, he goes from anger resignation and then he pivots and he says -- i am not just mad about this role. the you know what i am really mad about? i am mad about my memory because i keep drink it -- racking my how hard ino matter try, i cannot remember who i voted for at epa. [applause] [laughter] i have heard readouts from some of your panel today. that king richard should be fired. that is my personal view. [applause] because these regulatory agencies are not in any way ultimately accountable to the people. projects.l have two

you have an article one project about the restoration of balance between the legislature and the executive branch. bute are equal branches they are listed in an order, article one, article two, article three for a reason. they move from where policymaking and more accountable to less policymaking and less democratically accountable. again -- [applause] the 535 people can be fired every 24 months and most policy is to be made by statue carried in the executive branch, the policy has -- the president has really important commander-in-chief in chief responsibility, especially in an emergency. but his job is less democratically accountable because he only stands one time for election. and the courts are to be making new policy and therefore they have lifetime tenure. but if they were going to be a

legislative, super legislator body, they should have to stand before the people. we need to teach that again if we are going to as benjamin franklin enjoined us, if we are going to succeed at keeping the republic. and many of you in this room, even though you do not talk about it much in polite company, are currently worried that the caricature of the left, of those of us who say that original is him is not because of our policy preferences, it is not because of our preferred outcomes, it is because of our constitutionalism. it is because of our both of this -- it is because of our of office.is -- we say that we are not driven by outcomes. ,nd yet, many of you, i think have said to me, that you are actually worried that the article one project and the regulatory reform project might -- the regulatory reform project

might get a momentum that does not stop at the -- sending but it might become a new power not just to destroy things that were wrong they built up but to become a new policymaking tool. and the article one project, for all of our supposed sincerity about having policymaking go back to a legislature, might have actually been because of a blue wall. and the fact that there was a believe that republicans who had won one quadrennial election since 1988, think about that at a popular vote level, since 1988, we were at a place where had secretary clinton won this election, we would get to 2020 and you would have americans in their 30's, you would have americans in their 30's who would have seen one time when the republicans won a popular vote since the cold war.

one time in their lifetime and that was when the democrats nominated a quasi-frenchman in the aftermath of 9/11. that was a mistake. [laughter] note to self. call secretary kerry to apologize. if we are sincere about what we believe, it needs to be the case that we again remember what we thought two weeks ago. which was that we need checks and balances. that we need a separation of powers. catechesisd cultural for the next generation. that we need everyone, democrat, republican, or independent, to know why it is a troubling speech for a president of the united states who has taken and both of office to say that it does not matter if the legislation passes laws that i

want them to pass. i have a pen and a phone. regardlesstroubling of the partisan label of the person who occupies 1600 angelina avenue. [laughter] -- 1600 pennsylvania avenue. [applause] here is the opportunity of the moment though. the opportunity of the moment is -- just as madison envisioned a time when every american should think of themselves as a creedal minority and should go and want to defend as creedal minorities. no american should naturally aspire to be a part of some majority. coalition that wants to grow washington and shrink the toe billion centers of america where life is actually lived. american impulse is to want to

see those and to see their families and to see the rotary clubs and to see the churches and the synagogues and dizzy as tocqueville thought of it, as the rotary club as the center of american life. when tocqueville came here, he was coming in the 1830's as a travel reporter. our kids know the birthdate of america as july 4, 1776 and we think of this republic as being inaugurated in 1788 or 1789 but europeans at that time saw us as religious as the >> on the frontier of the earth and the british had just been distracted by having a drunk, crazy thing, prussian soldiers that did not want to fight, and distraction with battle with france. it was not until the war of 1812 that brits and europeans come to think of us as truly independent. theon our independence in teens, for ideological

reasons, for intellectual reasons, for philosophical reasons, inc. about margaret thatcher's great line that european nations are born of history but america is the only nation born a philosophy. by the 1830's, there is a thriving economy here. goods are being produced in more specialized ways. there is a can now revolution. a railroad revolution. and europeans cannot make any tense about why this is happening. tocqueville comes here as a travel reporter to write back and explain to europeans why this is such a glorious, diamond -- dynamic place. with economic vitality along with religious liberties. he says -- if you have a better economy than our countries in europe, it must be because you have better bureaucrats. so he comes to washington, d.c. because he is going to i'm the meaning of american dynamism. he is sure that it exists in the

capital. and he gets here and he says -- actually, washington, d.c. is a swamp with a bunch of people that are not that created. not a lot has changed. [laughter] [applause] s i know that we have 10,000 current members of fedsoc and when you all clap and you are at the mayflower hotel in washington, i feel like we should do the -- drain the swamp chance. tocqueville says the america -- he goes to 17 of the states. and he says, i have found the meaning of america. it is the rotary clubs. we europeans have the idea that there is a continuing between isolated individualism and state run collectivism. these americans believe this

crazy, glorious thing. these americans actually believe in community. it is not the case of barney frank that government is just another word for those things we choose to do together. government is another word for coercion. there is some coercion that is necessary. [laughter] government has important responsibilities, we are not anarchists. but community is the word for things we choose to do together. voluntarism and persuasion are the words that show how american community is formed. because if you want to persuade someone to marry you, if you want them to join your synagogue or church, if you want them to buy your product, you do not supplicate at the king and his court to get a charter and be the monopoly provider of that service. you go and build a better mousetrap and you go and sell it. you go on "shark tank." the firste say

institutions of american life are in the private sector and not in the public sector, we are not just talking about capitalism. the we are talking about that. we are talking about not-for-profit adventures. and tocqueville says we are talking about the rotary club, blood, sweat, and tears of neighbors. people who are living out a life of gratitude by serving those who live next door to them who might actually give their lives. things that actually defined happiness are driven by your family and your friends and your work and your belief system that you wrestle through with the people you actually know. is theton exists, this american idea, washington exists to provide a framework for ordered liberty. not to root out dissent and disagreement. not to try to squash down on the difference of opinion that we to allow 1000r

flowers to bloom and to allow people to try to persuade their neighbors. and if we believe those things, then we want to do everything possible to take any occasion to teach the next generation that we are not really about power. we are about a framework for ordered liberty so that love and persuasion in their communities is where they can live lives that truly flourish. and if we believe those things, we look for any opportunity to do that teaching. and we were scared that we were going to have to do that teaching at a time of the political culture and the balance on the court would have drifted more and more toward a washington centric view of the world. we have a new opportunity. and many of you in this room will have special opportunities. he got his many of you are about to go and serve our president-elect and you will be trying to do the very important work of helping him ably and dutifully pass the laws that

have been passed by the congress and to be prepared to be commander in chief all of the time but especially in times of crisis and margin it -- and emergency. and you will be raising your hands and swearing and oaths to limited government. when you swear that oaths, you are about the project of continuing to depoliticize american life. because that is what original is some was really about. we were trying to depoliticize the policy preferences of those who were unelected and serving in the administration of justice on the courts. regulatory reform art -- is about depoliticize in the execution of many complicated statues. the attack on political correctness that did get a big vote of confidence in this election is about the politicizing conversation to that people can wrestle through real ideas instead of always fearful.aving to be

federalism that we would like to see recovered is about the politicizing the fact that many government get -- governance decision should be made across 50 laboratories of democracy so that it can be closer to the people. so that you can have an experiment with what works and what does not work. nebraska and vermont have different values and people and different problems. we have different topography. we will feed the world and they are going to make some really good ice cream. [laughter] sen. sasse: but we should not try -- and everyone from burlington, i would love to argue a stake -- i would love to buy you a steak afterwards. there are important interstate environmental issues that need to be solved in washington. but every decision that should

be solved in washington should not be driven back to the states. when tocqueville was coming here, what public discourse looked like in the form of schoolbooks and in the form of public art to make sure that kids understood what came next. think about -- for those of you that have spent any time in annapolis. the about what it meant when general washington in december of 1783 resigned his commission in maryland at the maryland senate because the continental congress had been meeting there. and he came and he resigned his commission and that famous painting that still sits in washingtonf general resigning his commission. that came out in 1824. right of the street in baltimore, the washington monument of baltimore, when we hear washington monument, we

think of the one just one mile from us here. the 550 foot tower that exists here. but the one in baltimore is quite a bit more interesting. because -- what did he say? what is on the top? tower and a80 foot 15 foot george washington at the top. what is the artist trying to say with that piece of art? he has washington wearing a roman toga. and he is laying down his commission. that happened in annapolis went washington resigned his commission in 1783 and he is handing back the scroll but he is wearing a roman toga. why? --ause they knew the toga the story of cincinnatus and the dangers of caesarism. guy whose term of

counsel was over and he went back to growing cabbage and whatever for sake and vegetable it was -- for sake and vegetable it was and they came to get him and they asked him if he would be dictator. this was a legitimate calling. he accepted the calling. he took up near limitless power. ostensibly for six months. they won the battle in two weeks. and cincinnatus resigns and his commission and tries to go back home. and the people say -- no, you should become dictator. and he says -- no, that is not the law. but they say, no, no one would oppose it. are a says -- no, we republic and in a republic, we follow laws. and he goes back home. and american schoolkids in the 1820's and 1830's would've understood what that toga meant on that statue. picture, the most

vivid symbol of freedom and of natural rights and of individual liberty that exists in iconic globe ishere on this the dome of the capital. when you are in the dome of the capital, there are three famous paintings. there are usually only two that we talk about. there is the declaration, the committee drafting the declaration of independence and there is these render of the british at your. and both of these paintings are filled with drama. you can hear the trumpets and the drumbeat as you look at them. the world has been turned upside down. they are filled with drama. and yet, there is a third painting. and it is ridiculously humble and boring. it is a hand with a scroll. the scrawl iswith to shout out to the american people -- that it is not about

this city. it is not about the powerful. it is about the fact that we believe in a republic of law and of limited government where those who serve in power want to embrace restraint. they want to embrace judicial restraint. they need and want to embrace executive restraint. because the laying down of that scroll is another way of saying the center of the world is not here. and it cannot be fixed in a. it will be fixed in the communities where our people come from and where the meaning of america is passed down to the next generation and if all of you who will soon have the chance to go back into government and those of us who on the cheering you outside as you take on that important executive branch calling, your jobs are not chiefly about the policy outcomes when you serve your new president. your job is about the administration of justice

because the checks and balances that you believed in two weeks ago and that fedsoc was founded about 35 euros ago are not just your new callings when you take the oats, but you have a special new opportunity. when people stand up against power and they disagree with that power, no one is surprised. they all expected that. is when peoples believe in limited government and restraint, when we are the ones in power. and we now have the opportunity [applause] two model that restraint. thank you. -- to model that restraint. thank you. [applause] the supremeome of court heard oral argument into consolidated cases brought on by the city of miami against bank of america and wells fargo. arguing that under the fair housing act the banks were

involved in discriminatory mortgage practices against black and latino homebuyers which resulted in the own defaults, foreclosures, and less tax revenue for the city. to the argument in its entirety this evening at 8:00 p.m. eastern on c-span two. c-span, adamnd on smith, the top democrat on the armed services committee will talk about the defense bill pending in congress, the military policy, and the donald trump administration and how the president-elect will deal with russia and syria. newsmakers on sunday here on c-span. officials in new york city held a briefing on security at trump tower in midtown manhattan. bill de blasio, the police commissioner and the head of security spoke and took questions for about 20 minutes.

>> good afternoon everyone. we have had many productive and ongoing discussions with the secret service on how we will be a sifting them in protecting the president-elect and his family when he is in the city. we have planned this with an eye towards minimizing the disruptions towards new yorkers and tourists. we are striving for the proper balance. fluid plan that changes as circumstances dictate. understand, we are not going to detail the secret service's plan to protect the president-elect. we are here to talk about how the and -- in the traffic flow. i know that many people who live and work in the area around 56 and 57th streets have a lot of questions. the first time in decades, our country will have a new york city president.

the transition will be ongoing from january. much of this transition work will occur in his office is in mint -- midtown manhattan. the plan we are just -- discussing today covers that transition. . we are not closing fifth avenue in -- on any kind of permanent basis. it was close to briefly to improve security with concrete barriers. whole closures of fifth avenue are planned. east 56er is located at tree and fifth avenue, one block south of one of the busiest intersections in new york city. what you're seeing in that area now in terms of our new security management is what we expect to remain in place through the inauguration. in many respects, this is no different then many major events that the nypd secures every day. there are many things the public

will see and many think they will not see. we will have our explosive detection canines and specialized units and strategic response group as well as playing close and counter surveillance teams working hand in hand with our partners in the federal government. none of this is new for us. do, we will constantly reassess this plan and make any adjustments deemed necessary to make sure that we maintain the proper balance with security and everyday life in our great city. i would like to introduce mayor bill de blasio. mayor bill de blasio: thank you. i want to tell everyone that i want to thank commissioner o'neill, all of the men and women of the nypd that are doing an extraordinary job. ony turned on a dime election night and they have put together an extraordinary security plan that has been operating very well. i want to thank you commissioner

and all of those good people that have been doing this work and when president-elect trump and i met, one of the things that he said -- he expressed his admiration and appreciation of the nypdnd women from and i shared with him my same feelings on the matter. the details you will here in a u.s. secret service special in charge of the new york office david beach and you will hear from carlos gomez on specifics that i want to give you some broad points. i also want to thank ben tucker, special commissioner for special events. think want to councilmember dan who represents that area. we are devoted to making sure that the city will keep moving. this is a big challenge and an unprecedented one.

but we are committed to making it work. we need the city to keep working at all times. we are entering the holiday season which adds a layer of complication but the nypd working with all other partner agencies in the city government and with our federal partners will continue to refine the approach to make sure that it maximally allows people to move freely through the area. we understand the number one in imperative is safety and security. we owe that to the president-elect, his family and his team and that is important for all new yorkers. that will be the most important consideration. we believe we can balance that with a number of measures to keep traffic with pedestrian and vehicle or traffic moving as well as possible. new york city has a long history of dealing with extraordinary then itnone more so just over a year ago when we had one francis and over

hundred 50 world leaders and the president of the united states all in town for the same days. the nypd did an extraordinary job working with our federal partners keeping everything moving and every one -- and everyone safe. we are no strangers to these challenges. it is a known fact that presidents have come into new york city on a regular basis throughout their presidencies. the nypd is particularly well-suited to take on this challenge. but, it is an unprecedented challenge. in the modern world with the security dynamics we face today, we have never had a situation where the president of the united date would be here on such a regular basis. the details of those future plans are not known but we do know that in the next 65 days he will be here regularly. we have never had that situation before. especially with the local point -- the focal point being manhattan.

but nypd and new york city are up to the challenge. we have a excellent working relationship with the secret service. there has been a clear set of shared goals and clear coordination threat this time and we believe that is going to be one of the number one reasons why we can people safe and secure. at the same time, we will listen carefully to the needs of new yorkers and the concerns they have throughout this process. for those that work in this area, for businesses, for people who drive through, there are real concerns at right now. we will do our best regularly to address those concerns and make the adjustments that we can always in the context of protecting safety and security first. i want to emphasize, when we get towards the holidays, there are constant messages given. the commissioner reminded me of this earlier. toremind new yorkers not bring cars into midtown manhattan unless you have to. transit options.

i want to reiterate that. that would betrothed during any holiday season but even more so now. when of the things that people need to recognize for their own good and everyone else's is that to the extent that you can avoid the immediate area around trump tower, that will make your own life easier and everyone else's. i want tofic area and delineate from 53rd street to 57th street and from madison avenue to its 6th avenue. in this game of our city, that is a pretty small area. to specifically avoid that area, that will help us manage the situation as well as we can. as i said, we will continue to refine the approach to traffic management and to addressing the needs of people that work and live in the area. we will add personnel as needed. right now, since election day, nypd has already put on each

shift during daytime hours, almost 50 officers between traffic agents and police officers to manage the flow of traffic in that immediate area. eliminated that i and surrounding areas. needed add personnel if to address the situation further. i also want to note that enforcement will be more aggressive on fifth avenue particularly enforcement of truck traffic. you will see a very clear uptick on enforcement of truck traffic on fifth avenue because there is already very clear rules and restrictions related to truck traffic and commercial traffic on fifth avenue. finally, i want to note before offering a couple of words in an is -- i want to note that this is a substantial undertaking. it will take substantial resources. and we will begin the conversation with the federal government shortly on

reimbursement for the nypd for some of the costs we are encouraging. we are particularly concerned about overtime costs. it is a valid situation to turn to the federal government for the maximum possible of reimbursement for those costs. this city has never been faced with this situation before and we believe the federal government will understand the situation and be willing to help. those conversations will begin in earnest soon. a few words in spanish. spanish] in with that, i want to bring forward a man who has already been a great partner in this work. of the agent in charge

new york office for the secret service, david beach. beach: thank you mayor. i would like to begin by thanking the mayor, and commissioner o'neill and the men and women of the new york city police department. not just for their recent efforts, not just for their efforts on election night that for their efforts in the last year during a very difficult and challenging time protecting two major presidential nominees. on behalf of the secret service, i would like to think you both for opening the resources of the city and thank you for your partnership. >> --ing the president a elect'sident residents, the planning and execution of the security in new york city is a collaborative effort between the secret

service, the new york city police department, and the new york mayor's office. the security plan is collectively developed by the partners based on factors unique to each venue. the secret service and its law enforcement partners constantly monitor, review, and adjust the plan as needed based on information and operational needs. determining any venue security plan is its impact on the local residents and merchants as well as its impact on the daily operations of the community at large. thisder to fully consider element and make the best decision possible, the secret service worked with its law toorcement partners communicate with the community, to better understand their needs and their concerns. in every instance possible, the secret service attempts to minimize any unnecessary impact on the community as a result of the security plans.

not with stanton -- notwithstanding, the secret service in conjunction with the new york city police department is committed to providing the highest level of security in fulfillment of our no fail mission of national security and public safety. as a matter of practice, security plans will leave all in order to address emerging threats and to improve efficiencies in our operations. whenever possible, the secret service will communicate these changes to community members without compromising operational security. measures, activities, timing, number of personnel and resources are not discussed outside of the law enforcement community. the long-term success of security planning in new york city is directly attributable to the long-standing relationship. addlly, i would like to that throughout my career i have traveled all over the world.

i can think of no city better eat it and better prepared to deal with this challenge the new york. partly because of the strength of the police department, but more important late because of the strength and resiliency of the citizens of new york city. i would like to thank everybody for their patience in enduring this challenge. >> dave, thank you very much. this continued to to partnership. i would like to introduce holly -- i goterg -- polly the order out of place. i would like to introduce carlos gomez. mr. gomez: good afternoon everyone. very closelyworked with the secret service in developing this plan and i would like to personally thank dave and his agency for their collaboration with us. to strike a proper

balance between presidential security. providing as much security as possible around the president-elect, his family, other residents of trump tower and businesses in the area while at the same time not having an adverse impact on traffic, transportation, deliveries, and the lies of -- and the lives of other new yorkers. this is the plan that is presently implemented. whether the president elect is in his residence or not. the plan going forward for when the president elect is out of anddence is being discussed it evaluated as to the appropriate level of resources. we have committed a substantial number of resources to trump tower. 24 hours a day around the clock. uniformed officers will be a signed to security posts around the perimeter of the property. officers will be

assigned to secret service personnel at checkpoint locations on fifth avenue, in front of the entrance to trump tower. officers will be assigned to .ntersection control they will also man the very are's placed on 50 six st between 5th avenue and madison to control vehicle or access. we will also have officers assigned on observation posts and elevated positions in our rooftops. and we will have a good number of personnel available to address any demonstrations that pop up. in the last nine or 10 days, we have had six such demonstrations occur in front of trump tower. in addition to those resources, we will have resources from our counterterrorism bureau in the form of heaven weapons teams, from the critical response group. we will have k-swiss of detecting canines as well officers from the counterterrorism unit equipped

with devices. we will be enforcing the truck restrictions already in place. we took a strong look at that and we really mean it. we will start enforcing that right away. i would like to announce the following restrictions. those truck restrictions are southbound on fifth avenue between 60th street to 55th street and eastbound on 50 six st from six avenue to fifth avenue. the traffic will be diverted away from the streets. and certainly, one of the to of his jobs in this department is the job of a traffic enforcement officer and we have a substantial number of those resources also assigned to this area to assist with congestion as well as enforcing the truck restrictions. for allt will be closed vehicular traffic between fifth avenue and madison avenue. this is where we placed those barriers to control access to

vehicles. however, pedestrians that reside in the area, that worked on the street, want to shop on the street or want to cross 50 six st down to madison or of to fifth, they will be allowed to do so on the south side of 50 six st but after being screened by us and the secret service. buses, passenger vehicles, will continue to utilize fifth avenue. but understand that presently to edit the five traffic lanes are being restricted due to barriers we have in place. we also have dedicated plans to implement when we have demonstrations at trump plaza. we have identified locations that are within sight and sound to the entrance of trump tower and we will establish protest areas at those locations. small groups of protesters will be a loud to be on the sidewalks so that traffic will not be impeded on fifth avenue however when larger numbers of

protesters -- we may have to shut down traffic on fifth avenue. we saw that occur late saturday when we had over 20,000 protesters in front of trump tower. so far, we are closed fifth avenue on three occasions in the last 10 days due to demonstrations. when this occurs, we bring in more police resources from other parts of the city to assist us. we closed fifth avenue for safety concerns. for the safety of the demonstrators as well as the safety of motorist. the field commander at the scene makes that call. i made that call last week. we will always to safety over convenience. once again, this is the security plan that we presently have in place. for over ag this week now. operationally every day it is getting more and more fluid. we are working more efficiently. we will work closely with the secret service and certainly we

can modify this plan as situations change. thank you very much. >> and now, i would like to introduce the commissioner of transportation. >> security will be the priority for this area but at new york we will be working hand in hand with nypd. it is an extraordinary pedestrian area. history and volumes on fifth avenue are some of the highest in the western world and we will do everything we can to ease movement on the sidewalks. it is an extraordinary bus corridor. we will be working closely with pd to keep buses moving and other vehicles moving. i will reiterate what the mayor said which is we would say this anyway during holiday times.

to the extent that you can come to this area by foot or by mass transit, that would be helpful. >> we will open it up to questions about security. >> not long after today's briefing, donald trump headed to his golf course in new jersey. and he said that we will be to choosel weekend great men and women who will be helping to make america great again. $25 million to settle a series of lawsuits stemming from his defunct trump university. and 15 next hour minutes, a book tv exclusive. our city tour visits to some, arizona to learn more about its unique history and literary life. for five years, we have traveled to u.s. cities. you can watch more of our visits on c-span.org/cities tour. we begin with author leo barron on hook "pand

battf theulge."he bat thege was gely int irld wa was 'st gashe n fr theense ofronse thor to y.ockin the icans he b were mingrom south. d themeri and t britisthe ch wercomingom testouh ce aelgium the do hi was l at strac situand alizhate ha somehchangequat heed t andaunc hugeountfensivhink that tllies nxpect to atain d he righ hy he did it.at

aunches coun offend wasto e anrationel o rpri

ey nd to oatort ey w have r su line g ban hisistorys o vmd thenoint was of the tt. dersthe firld ennk, mo andy rankucturehe timd wa kicke ma name msel being

afthellies hroughing eerman line many so m thae ger he kem oalance ra afran if it had not been for running out of gas, he probably would have raced all the way to berlin. he was moving that fast. he caught the germans completely off-balance. when you read the german plants for the ardennes offensive,

patton was on their mind. what is patton going to do. the guy that was interned of the seventh army, general brandenberger, it was his job to contain fat. he said -- you are not giving me an of stuff. one ofnow this guy is the allied generals that we fear the most and you're not giving me an f to stop him. he was living rent free in their heads. onn the offensive kicked off december 16, 1944, he was to the south of the german offensive. it was not in his area of operations initially but because the germans did penetrate the allied lines, the plan was that they were going to have patton drive his army from the south, north and cut the bulge in half at the base of the bulge.

eisenhower asked patton -- you are facing east. ,ou have all of these men several corps, several divisions -- well over 100,000 men. we need you to turn them 90 which haven diffinorth. for ener weaoriculcause was onlynd the was erriblng t ibleh heav.ds lot ofuys he mee48 sa-o not illy, .acly e is nyou can do thi pattonan do 48 and ll heath and am goiocusonstrees,

aded nand to hi

wohe kicf hi unteack48 hou roke t themans le of lge.then uset preth st there was a lot of hard fighting for three or four more weeks. that, patton says -- i have done this and we have reestablished and got back to the german border. bounces the rhine. by march of 1945, the allies had reached the rhine river which was a significant obstacle. a huge river that is very wide. with a fast current. it is seen for the germans as their last line of defense in the west.

and so, they knew that they were going to fight hard for it. there were all these preparations to get across the rhine river. got his operation going in the north with the british army group. of preparation. and then, all of a sudden, the to blow up one of the bridges simplifying this. the ninth armored division gets across the rhine. there was a movie about this bridge. patton, seeing what is going on, this was not part of his forces but he said -- the germans are already on the back foot because of this. he said -- we are going to cross the rhine. across it relatively easily. into the southern part of germany. once you are a cross the rhine, it is a race across germany and that is what he is doing in april and into the beginning of may in 1945.

rht isatter e. i a lon-tistof worth o cass. e f hann the decend jry o 1944. in 1945. the u.s. suffered 144,000 casualties. in action,illed wounded, and missing in action. all kinds of fighting was going on. an 80 mile front worth of combat. this was not something like at a civil war battlefield where you can walk tattlefn fo yould not with worlii befield ing.ouake sedays reietidet efaere

t sesg wi p f a

afc olioorhaver. and we were going through gotheriod

boar ie un aer rurant a

r st theyh wantmake imicahe s food a n aped of , i lmadi,re a g

nd

td leocns a

ra