being focused by this very big project that was hugely bipartisan coming out of congress in 2006. that helped make it more bipartisan. peter: looking at the kinds of companies and industries that have been making overtures to the trump transitions that in recenstaff in recent days. a lot of organizations benefit from a trump organization, but depending on how that administration shapes up, certain groups could benefit over others. in your view, which groups or industries benefit the most? robert: i don't think there is any way to tell. you have a lot of constituencies that battle against each other. cable versus broadcasters, or wireless versus broadcasters or cable. there are loa lot industry of industry groups related

by the fcc or ion the mix. brian: if net neutrality gets rolled back, that would be a defeat. robert: i think everybody would benefit from the rules of the road. the equity markets have soared since the trump election because the general brought strokes of policies we know of lower taxation, less regulations could be good for everybody. markets are predictive. they are betting on the future growth of the american economy. if we increase the velocity of money lowing to the economy, we would have real growth rather than 1% or 2% growth. it has been the weakest recovery since world war ii. if we can increase that at all, all those companies, whether it is network operators, broadcasters, manufacturers, they will all benefit. i think that is what to look

forward to. i have not seen any clues to one constituency or one type of group being favorite over another, not yet. michael: i don't see how you can look at the history of communications industry over the last 20 years and not conclude that big media has benefited enormously. look what happened to the number of companies, consolidation, the homogenization of programs, the democratic, civil dialogue. this is not just under republican administrations and republican commissions. it has been under democratic commissions too. have very fewse companies controlling. i think it's a handful of companies that are responsible ship of thehe data internet.

it is not the open internet i thought we would get or what the country deserves to have. brian: how has the election shifted the way historians may view the wheeler chairmanship? michael: that is an interesting question. how will historians look at the obama presidency? what will happen so obamacare and the other initiatives? i think the same. i think the decision chairman wheeler, the majority on net neutrality was historic. by itself, standing there, if it perseveres, it will go down in history as one of the biggest decisions the commission has ever made. if per chance it could be sidelined or eliminated, and we can go back to the consolidated programs we had before, then, it would just be a fiootnote in history. it was reversed. andael: just one coming in

getting rid of what one did. it is getting stuff settled and trying to anticipate the issues of the future and do something about it that benefits the public interest. robert, if you were the incoming chair of the fcc, would you dismantle neutrality and how would you go about it if you did? robert: i think title ii and broadband internet access -- i have argued against that many times as an administrator. it is unanimous bipartisan consensus at the time. at the end of the bush administration, and something happened around 2007, 2008 where he became more democratic party orthodoxy to have net neutrality where there are telephone regulations of the internet. it is a different animal.

that is why a couple of years ago, the senate was looking at compromise legislation and looking at what we can do to protect innovation and address the core. what we are seeing is a lot of convergence. a lot of over-the-top layers that have routers and services over the country and they delivered to consumers. the same can be said with at&t or comcast or verizon. convergence,demand and as the market is pushing that convergence, meaning different businesses are getting into different business lines, it is harder for government to draw those lines of distinction. this is becoming problematic. maybe you need a new look. maybe congress needs to legislate the new. that was where congress was two years ago. it is a terrific opportunity to do just that when you can have a win-win situation.

you can stop having different business groups at each other's throats. you can have in trying to in law, in a statute rules of the road that makes laws for everybody. you don't have to worry about is every two to three years, eight years. the obama fcc, the bush fcc rules. on howgo back and forth it changes hands in terms of what happens at the administration, epa, fda, etc. if you can actually -- i think this is the moment -- these next few months, especially 2017 -- if you are going to repeal title ii, what will you do to bring certainty? each side needs to come to the table because rules to change every four years. let's all agree and move on. peter: commissioner. michael: the jumpstart of this debate was not democrats pushing

for something that was started in 2002, 2005 when the republican commission said internet is not public communications. robert: you voted for cable modem. michael: i did not. i dissneented. that was in 2002. robert: that was broadband. michael: that was 2005. that was very different. tem telling you why that vo occurred in 2005, because the courts had spoken. chairman martin and others in the commission were endowed on that vote. what would happen to emergency communications, disabled americans. the court having spoken, and looked like we had lost. and, in 2005, we got the statement and principles.

entitled to access of your choice, the applications of your choice, devices of your choice. so, that is what happened then. mistake the seminoleal of the 2000 period was three recategorizegorie that. peter: one more question. the main decision recently governing the federal trade commission's common carrier exemption which effectively, some people said, effectively gets many companies out of e being regulated entirely based on whether they have any assets that can be considered telecommunications assets. in the trump administration,

does the fcc get a rehearing? robert: we don't know. that is the take away from this program. that was a good case, illustration of unintended consequences. you classifyif broadband internet access, you take away consumer protection of the federal trade commission under something called the exemption. you are singing broadband -- saying broadband providers cannot do that of 1974. swiftlyn and it is now taken away. who is in charge of what. it spills over into privacy causing a lot of consumer confusion with different standards by the fcc versus ftc.

that is part of the confusion and the mess caused by the title ii classification. what can you do to remove that while still remaining network operators? peter: what do we know about people advising donald trump on communication and technology issues? robert: jeff has been advising him on fcc issues. i know him well. he tends to be libertarian. he was on your program about one month ago. we can probably roll some tape as to what he said then. transitions are interesting. i worked informally to of the bush administration. come january 21, a lot of the paperwork, breathing papers and personal recommendations are kind of forgotten because you

get to the interim chairs and the white house personnel office and you get an official policy apparatus. that then becomes the focus of peoples attentions and sometimes newfound affection of people's new best friends in washington. there will be a lot of attention for the next 60 whatever days. poof, january 21, it will be focused on capitol hill. michael: here today, gone tomorrow. want to add one thought because i know he puts al o lot of faith in the ftc and their enforcement. let's remember that ftc proceedings are usually ex post facto. field and ofthe time that people can really understand them. there is a different standard of the ftc.

could consumers be hurt if the court ruling is confirmed and congress does not act? michael: i think consumers of every opportunity to be heard here depending on how this plays out. if that communications exemption would be a danger, the ftc would take itself out of the business of doing regulatory oversight. follow-up,s not do a consumers will be heard. i am not saying we have the perfect arrangement between fcc and ftc. but, to me, it is not either or. robert: it will either be fcc internet access or ftc. that is the whole point. you cannot have two agencies. ftc is an over agency which works for the rest of the economy. sector, allct

the rest -- the consumer protection bureau of the commission does a terrific job for the economy. have faith in it,. . peter: final question -- what worries you the most? what are you most excited about? michael: what worries me is we will rule by the historical decisions that have been made. we will continue down the same road of politics as usual without realizing the enormous challenges we have. some of the things we talked about the future of the internet and journalism and the democratic society, we cannot allow those problems to hang out occasional bowan to them and do business as usual. it will not do well business in the 21st century and for the american people.

robert: i think we are due for a robust economic expansion if indeed we can reform the tax code so american tax rates are not the largest in the world. hundreds of billions of dollars of overseas coming back paid out and dividends helps people with 401(k)s to grow the economy. if that can be done, for starters, that is what wall street has been reacted to for the past week. to the inflow of capital in the country that we have not seen. if we can have reform in the financial sector and is not drive capital offshore, bring it back on shore to america, i think that will be good. that will drive innovation and investment throughout all sectors. i just came back from the bay area last night. this is a crown jewel of the

american economy. i think it is ready for another renaissance right in the middle of this current renaissance. there is so much going on and america is leading the way. i think we have some wonderful roles to play. peter: robert mcdowell, michael copps, former fcc commissioners. brian fung. thank you all. >> thank you. >> c-span, where history unfolds daily. in 1979, c-span was created as a public service by america's cable television companies and is brought to you today by your cable or satellite provider. timothy, at now is staff writer for the hill newspaper. he is here to talk about the top regulations of the trump administration that could undo. strations could undo. thank you for joining us. guest: thank you for having us

-- me. host: explain what donald trump said about regulation at the campaign trail. he was he was -- guest: strongly against the obama administration's regulation, president obama had a lot of regulations throughout his time that were a failure for congress to act. a lot of them work just priorities he had from his time on the campaign trail. trump had a lot of specific regulations he did not like that he wanted to repeal. for example, regulations in the dodd frank financial rules -- act, environmental regulations, specifically mentioned that they were on the chopping block. and general, he took the same tactic a lot of republicans for decades have said, that regulations kill jobs and rig

elections for businesses, things of that nature. and specifically obama's regulations he had problems with your he was very strongly against regulations on the campaign trail. a big difference between him and hillary clinton, hillary clinton wanted to continue a lot of the priorities president obama had throughout her time on the campaign trail. here -- host: here are some of regulations that donald trump could potentially undo as compiled by you and your most recent article. the clean power plant, clean water rule, ozone rule, fracking rule, dodd frank, the financial advisor will come over time role, contractor blacklisting rule, mandatory arbitration been, rules on payday loans, net neutrality, menus and expanded tobacco rules. doubt it is ad i

comprehensive one of everything he might decide to change. how much power does donald trump have to roll back some of these regulations? guest: a lot of them are already final and through the regulatory process. in order to do that it would be in a president from power, he would have to go through the thatatory process and traditionally takes one year and sometimes more. it is subject to a cost-benefit analysis, various research about alternatives and that can be related -- can be litigated once it's finalized and in the courts decide if it is proper. that is where a lot of these rules will be overturned. if mr. trump sticks to his promises from the campaign trail.

a lot of them could be legislated. congress is in republican hands for both chambers now and it will be in the next congress. that is something republicans may want to do themselves. it would be easier and faster for them to do. another option mr. trump will have is, if any of these regulations were made final in the last 60 legislative days of this year, about the middle of easilyen congress could relatively passive resolution to overturn them under a law called the congressional review act. that does not require the 60 votes in the senate and most legislation does, it only requires 51 votes, that would be a lot easier because the senate will only have 52 republicans and it will be harder to get to the 64 traditional legislation. 60 four traditional legislation.

you can join in the conversation on donald trump's plan for deregulation. democrats, call 202-748-8000. republicans, the line is 202-748-8001. -- independence, 202-748-8002. thehowed a list of some of top regulations that could be impacted by a donald trump presidency. what are his priorities? we had a list of 14, does he have them ranked in some way? guest: a lot were within his 100 day plan -- the main plan he laid out was in his speech, in gettysburg, a couple of weeks before the end of the campaign season.

those are essentially the most costly rules. the financial rules from. frank -- from. frank, the clean power plan on carbon emissions, on power plants, those are within those 100 day plan. some of these could even be on the first day that mr. trump take some sort of action to undo these. a lot of them are final already. that would just be starting the regulatory process of undoing them. we very well might see in the first day or first week, action on a lot of these. this was a priority for mr. trump on the campaign trail. i get the feeling he really wants to act on this quickly. the most expensive roles, the once he talked about would be among the first ones to get some

sort of action to repeal. on that topic, it of the rules are under litigation now. the courts are considering whether to overturn them now. another option mr. trump has that he could go to the courts and say, i do not want to defend this anymore. the department of justice could say that to the courts. they do not have to drop the case necessarily. that could have a big impact on those cases. if the federal government made the rules, they will not defend them anymore. host: why is it so important to dollar trump to roll back regulations? what is the impact? guest: a lot have high costs. they are up for interpretation depending on who is calculating these costs. business groups in particular go on the higher end of these,

there was a report out earlier this week from a business group that the obama administration i believe had $42 billion of regulations that mr. trump could roll back. that is the main thing. on the campaign trail, a lot of times mr. trump tried to connect these regulations from inside the beltway directly to the pains voters are feeling. on the environmental regulations, he would go to cold countryand tell -- coal and tell people regulations are why you're hurting. that is true with labor related regulations that he and other republicans are trying to connect directly to voters. this is making things more expensive. this is impacting your bottom line. that was a big theme throughout the campaign trail, he wants to make life easier and put more

money in the pocketbooks of these average everyday americans. host: let's hear from the callers. logan, west virginia, democratic line, scotty, you are on the year with timothy cama of "the hill." caller: i am a democrat who voted for donald trump because that rules and regulations president obama has instated in our country has put a choke hold on this country so badly that it has caused so many jobs and so many people's livelihood that it is unreal. is our virginia, coal main source of income and coal-related business. with the epa choking down these rules, we had clean coal technology and it was just starting up, coal turned into

gasoline, all kinds of stuff, then obama changed all the epa rules and it made everything a ghost town. a lot of families lost their homes, cars, livelihoods, that is just the coal industry. these other rules and regulations, like where they changed just one word, like for water in strains, he changed it to where he had control, the government had control of all the waterways. in the streams, then they put regulations on all them. host: timothy cama? guest: environmental regulations are a big priority for mr. trump. the clean power plan is one of the biggest ones the caller was talking about. host: explain what it does?

guest: it puts limits on the carbon dioxide emissions from power plants. cut in the a 32% power sector's carbon emissions by 2030, pretty aggressive. that is expected to hit the coal industry hard. shut down some plants. of coal plants have been shut down in the last few years because of regulation and because of -- mostly because of competition from natural gas. that is one of the targets for donald trump when he gets into office, another one of the regulations that is in litigation now. and the washington, d.c. circuit court of appeals. if they do not rule between january 20, donald trump my say he will not defend it anymore and that would have some sort of impact on it. was talking about the waters of the united states rule, another one that is on hold.

it is pending litigation. epa is where the asserting its authority over small waterways such as streams, ponds, wetlands, things of that nature's. republicans say it is a federal power grab that affects waterways private. that is a prime one that donald trump talked about on the campaign trail. aat is something that will be potential priority within the first 100 days to take some sort of action to start rolling that back and eventually roll it back completely. or something congress wants to deal with and could also repeal through those means. host: frank from reading, pennsylvania, what do you think? caller: thank you for taking my call. they talk about ecology and stuff, one thing you have to do

is make cars get 55 miles per gallon. that was 50 years ago. i work with a guy who worked in a garage in 1989, he bought a catlike and drove around for two weeks -- cadillac and drove around for two weeks and said my gauge does not work, he was getting 55 miles per can you imagine getting 55 miles a gallon? guest: president obama was very aggressive on vehicle rules for efficiency. target prettyles aggressive, 54 miles per gallon eventually within the vehicle fleet. carmakers are opposed to that right now. the auto alliance, the main lobbying group for car

daysacturers, a couple of after the election there wrote an open letter to mr. trump asking him to roll back those efficiency regulations. they say that adds a lot of cost to the cars, that they have to pass on to consumers. this could be another place where mr. trump could say this will help consumers to roll back potentiallyion, and roll back these cost increases for vehicles. president obama was aggressive with efficiency rules for heavy-duty trucks, 18 wheelers. his most recent rule on track efficiency was finalized this ye his most recent rule on track efficiency was finalized this year. that is one of the rules that mr. trump, congress could use a congressional review act to easily and quickly repeal if it wanted to. it doesn't have quite as much opposition of some of the other regulations, such as the financial or labor ones, but that very well could be something where mr. trump could make a case that this will save

americans money. it will save companies money that can be passed on to them. and him itunes to repeal -- he might choose to repeal it himself or us congress -- ask congress to do it. ok.: gwendolyn from macon, georgia on the republican line. caller: thank you for taking my call. i am concerned about the payday loan information that you have. i know one time it was really bad here in georgia and i don't know what has happened that caused it to get to go away, but people don't need, anybody needing to get a payday loan really can't afford it. i'm wondering if the gentleman is talking about possibly procedures being put in place that will reopen that. it is a terrible abuse of the

very poor. host: ok. obama and hisdent federal agencies target a lot of financial abuses of consumers , or what they thought was financial abuses. and the payday lending industry was targeted. they saw this as something very costly to consumers that wasn't necessary. that is probably an area that mr. trump might try to go after as well because again, this is something that congressional republicans had opposed from the get-go. the entire dodd frank reform regulation. and all of the regulations under it. mr. trump might try to do something there. it is very likely. also with the dodd-frank's rule, congress has been talking for a while about repealing the entire

law and that would repeal all the regulations written under it. so that could help out the payday loan industry and bring back some of the industry that had been shut down. host: and we have a story from bloomberg news. , from his official website, it says big banks have gotten bigger and community institutions have disappeared at a rate of one per day. the taxpayers remain on the hook. the financial services implementation team will be working to dismantle the dodd frank act and replace it with new policies to encourage economic, economic growth. dolly from apple valley, california on the democratic line. good morning. caller: good morning. i was calling on another matter, but timothy is explaining this

morning. host: go ahead. turn down the tv. was calling on another matter. you are doing what i wanted you to do, explaining in more detail, west virginia right on. pennsylvania, right on. i am a democrat but i voted for donald trump. i will not get into that. i am glad. too many regulations, the payday loan, the young lady who just hung up. she did not hang up, but you know. people need extra cash. once a month or every other month. it is the car loan payday that

people can go and get $2500, a cash loan, then they pay it back. that is what really did that. that is the responsibility of the small business owners those payday loans. the banks, i looked into this, it is the banking industry that really wanted to crush that. they were losing money. i think the government needs to stay out of what the americans, $150 --eed annexed or need an extra $150 to pay for a part for my car. as far as all the others, i hope that donald trump follows through and crushes a lot of these policies. host: thank you. that's dolly from california. timothy: the payday loan

regulations like a lot of these regulations, republicans and business interests and the banks , they feel like there are enough regulations already and it is something the market can't decide. situations lot of where these loans are necessary. and for mr. trump and his colleagues and his allies, this is a prime place to say it was probably ok before these regulations and to roll back what happened there and get this back to the american people. and to the industry itself. ast: we want to play for you clip of a republican on the floor. he talks about his midnight regulations. here it is. >> the fact is these are not accidents. midnight rules are in fact a

-- held until the end of an administration. that is the reason they are called midnight rules. having said that, the bill today, 5982, is not in fact about midnight rules. we already have legislation to take care of that. what we do not have is an effective way to do it when we are dealing with perhaps 100, 120, 150, and if not checked, perhaps more in times to come midnight rules from an outgoing , administration. we are talking today about the balance of power, about whether congress should be efficient and effective in its ability to consider legislation. in this case, legislation done by the other branch, a branch not constitutionally allowed to do legislation. let's remember regulations are in fact a loan to the executive branch to clarify legislation done by this body. if we believe that they do not

fairly and appropriately interpret our legislation in the rule-making, if we believe they exceeded the authority or the meaning of the legislation, whether past just a few days ago or a few years ago or in fact a century ago, we have an obligation to bring up and consider and respond. host: we are talking to timothy cama from the hill newspaper. tell us more about these midnight regulations. timothy: midnight regulations, that is the term that people use for regulations that any administration does at the end of the presidency, in the last couple of months. bill earlye passed a this week, which was after the regulations making it very easy

, for congress next year to repeal all of these regulations that they want to. it was only the house that passed it, the senate is not likely to take it up and president obama is not likely to sign it. this is something that the republicans have been talking about for a while now, ever since they knew that president obama would be out of office soon. so, nonetheless president obama , is continuing his regulatory push. they say he is speeding it up. but, you know, he is getting out these regulations that he promised for a while. earlier this week the bureau of land management, which manages federal land in the west, they made a rule limiting methane emissions from natural gas drilling on national land. that was both a climate change thing and a matter of preserving the resources that belong to the taxpayer, since this methane belongs to taxpayers. and that is something that

pretty quickly, the congressional republicans said that they want to repeal that as soon as donald trump gets in office. it would fall under this midnight regulations definition that the house used in its legislation. so if a bill were to become law, that is something congress could easily undo a lot of these last few regulations. pretty easily. host: bill from georgia on the republican line. good morning to you. caller: please don't cut me off. i know you are from the hill and he represent the democratic side of the argument. essentially, regulations are done by the president and only can make them undone by the new president. if you don't like the way the

constitution is written, start a revolution. that's all i have to say, go donald trump and people in west virginia voted against hillary clinton because of all these regulations. the country voted against you people. on the coast. host: ok. bill, from georgia. let's bring in one more caller. colorado, an independent line. caller: good morning. it is interesting i just had a , survey called less night -- last night regarding some of these environmental issues. a young woman called and told me. i am also a registered democrat that voted for donald trump. but one thing that your guest said earlier, he said if you go back 60 legislative days and the next thing you know, 60 legislative days goes into may. half a year these people are only working 60 days or it i -- i hope that president trump being a businessman holds

congress's feet to the fire and says, you are not going to get your full day if you don't work 5 days a week. i think that would help out a lot of the issues that we are talking about here in getting things done much faster. thank you. timothy: as they were talking about and as the congressman was talking about during that clip a few minutes ago, congress is responsible for legislating under the constitution. they let the executive branch legislative in some instances. -- legislative in some instances. they can only do a congress has allowed them to. that's how you get to that litigation and two court cases challenging to say congress did not quite allow that. you know president trump cannot , literally tell congress how long they have to work or when they can or cannot take vacations, but they very well

might feel that perhaps his last election, or it the general feelings of voters, should push them to be in session more, to work more often and get more done and get more specific instructions to the best regulators about what to do and what not to do. host: president obama also issued many executive actions and orders as well. what would it take for donald those?o overturn some of timothy: whether it was executive action or order, he could undo those. those are regulations under any particular law in just -- they are just interpreting laws or instructing or something like that. for example, president obama has given a lot of instructions and restrictions to federal contractors, for example, on discriminating against gay and

lesbian people, for example, or many other restrictions for federal contractors. those are the sorts of things that donald trump, if he wanted to repeal those he could do it with the stroke of a pen. it is within the president power to undo those. host: betsy from arkansas is calling next on the republican line. go ahead. caller: my biggest complaint is on global warming. i resent, i see my fellow americans and all of the m struggling so hard. we are being forced to pay for global warming which i believe is propaganda. if you look at earth and the melting ice ages, it appears to me that this warming is part of earth's cycle. there was not man around to melt the ice.

i believe this is propaganda and they are stuffing it down our throats along with everything else. thank you. host: ok. that was betsy from arkansas. can you talk about some of these regulations, the environmental ones that are on the chopping , the ozone or the fracking rules? timothy: some of these are specific to mr. trump mentioned on the campaign trail that he targeted to undo. limiting carbon monoxide from power plants, they are emissions that cause climate change. and that is part of an aggressive agenda from president obama to fight climate change. that was something mentioned on the campaign trip, along with regulations, the federal power over small waterways. the ozone regulation is not something that mr. trump

mentioned all that often. this is something that republicans, the fossil fuel industry feel they want overturn ed. so that is something that probably mr. trump will want to take some sort of action on , maybe not a full-scale repeal. --d it is about listening lessening ozone emissions. -- linked toe various respiratory illnesses like asthma attacks. business groups say that is one of the most expensive regulations that the federal government has ever written. this is the sort of thing that would fit in with mr. trump's message of trying to appeal regulations and make life easier for americans. he might feel like beginning that -- weakening that to help.

the fracking rule is something from the bureau of land management. it sets standards on hydraulic fracturing which is a process to recover oil and natural gas. that is actually, it was recently overturned by a federal district court in wyoming. however, the obama administration repealed it to a circuit court. it is under litigation right now. so mr. trump, once he gets into office, his department of justice could drop that appeal. tell the court that they are ok with the lower courts ruling. it might not be a completely clean process and could be appealed by somebody else, but nonetheless that is a strategy mr. trump could use. up, a call from california. go ahead.

: when you let business people do what they want to do, often, it is not good for you. , if you can country go to your nearest river and you can drink safely, if i were you, i would vote for the relation. foolish to walk around here and let them do what they want. regulations are good. businessmen are wonderful at times but way too often they do not concern themselves with the things that concern all of us. it is just that simple. cornell, from new jersey. timothy: business interests, republicans, even the most ardent anti-regulation forces in the country, they do feel there is a place for regulation, there is a place for example, preserving the environment, clean air and water. mr. trump said he does feel strongly about these things. and he will when he feels in

-- when he is in office, still preserve clean air and water. but there is a place for regulation. president obama through his 8 years thought that there wasn't enough on this, which is lined so aggressive in a lot of these spaces to regulate. , and hisare to regulations, to take into account the concerns of the business community, to try to make these things that can work with. with the clean power plant he listened to power utilities and tried to make this into something that sort of works with the way that businesses is already working with the power industry. shifting generation from a -- coal fire power

plant. the epa, their argument is this is already working under the way the business is currently conducted. therefore, it is something that is relatively easy to comply with. host: we spoke earlier about some of the financial regulations that might be undone. the chairwoman of the sec, mary jo white was on capitol hill this week and she urged congress not to dismantle dodd frank. reforms in the act have been important to strengthening our system and our protection of investors. i think it is a significant component and a think that we are more resilient than we were before. so i certainly would not want to see those rescinded or repeal. host: what do you make of her remarks? timothy: she has been involved with a lot of these regulations and writing some of these regulations.

so this is something that she wants to preserve. mentioned the volker rule. and the reason she mentioned it is because it is a very strong target of the congressional republicans when it comes to the regulations under the dodd frank act that they want to undo. and donald trump spoke a lot about dodd frank, something he thought hurt a lot of banks. he really feels that whole act probably needs to be repealed. that's what republicans want to do. they might try to preserve some parts of it. or to pass another banking regulation or act to protect consumers in another way. but a lot of those regulations they don't like and a lot they want to repeal or repeal the entire dodd frank law.

host: robert from delray beach, florida. calling as an independent. good morning. caller: good morning. i am an independent. i did vote for president, secretary of state hillary clinton. i am very disappointed. i just feel that regulations have been used by those on the right, not necessarily the far right. many libertarian minded folks, and i have a libertarian streak. whether it is the environment, or particularly the financial , i happenntioned to be socially liberal. i remember in florida, ground zero. i don't believe he was the first president to do this. republican president -- roe

versus wade, there is something called the mexico city policy. i am not sure what you are discussing. but i am very concerned that with the supreme court, he will have maybe three appointments that will shift it even more to the right which includes the issue, let me say one last thing. thank you. i think that people generally , again on the right, most of the far right part of the spectrum, they do not like government and regulation. there was a governor in new york who said in the 1980's, that government is important. regulations are important. think about water, i know it is a general point, but i am a not a knee-jerk, a reactionary against regulation. i have my opinions.

but i mean, i was thinking about what the gentleman just said about various environmental issues, banking issues, and i'm thinking to myself, mr. trump, he is saying one thing to one group and one to another. if you really think he will do that it depends on, whose ox is being gored. thank you. host: what are your thoughts? timothy: a lot of these regulations were in an area that president obama did not feel were properly regulated before. as an example the environment, , clean water. almost anybody who is president, whether it is president obama or donald trump, they say that they want balance with these

regulations. nobody wants to completely deregulate everything or socialize everything. but these disagreements are about where the balance is. even president trump, he will not be against all regulations, he wants to protect workers, clean air and water, consumers. so that might drive some regulations that he wants to keep from president obama or wants to write new regulations if he feels it will help americans in some way. host: next is ron from west chesterfield, new hampshire, on the democratic line. good morning. caller: good morning c-span and good morning to your guest. you always have great programs. i would like to tell you what i think i can expect from donald trump and his presidency. he will do what benefits donald trump. if it happens to benefit

somebody else along the way, fantastic. he will start by repealing the death tax, that will benefit his family by about a billion dollars. and then he will move on to eminent domain and give the land however he sees fit. i think that indian reservation that has the gravesites that they want to put pipeline through, i think they can forget about their burial grounds at that point. to then he will move on taxes. anybody that can deny that man-made pollution is not affecting our atmosphere, you cannot pump thousands, tons and tons of garbage into our atmosphere and expect it will not have -- you know. was ron.t

timothy: a lot of the areas that donald trump might want to take action in the presidency, he might need congress to weigh in if he wanted to make any changes to eminent domain, or if he wanted to do something really big on abortion rights, then that would be areas where congress would have to weigh in. since president obama had so many regulations throughout his 8 years and he was aggressive with that, when he felt that congress wasn't acting properly those are all areas of the weakness of his legacy where president trump could relatively easily or maybe it will take a little while and have to go through regulations, could repeal those or roll those back in their entirety or partially. host: quickly from you, donald trump used a lot of rhetoric on

the campaign trail. has he given us any signals about how he might perform as president when it comes to deregulation? timothy: right. so some of the transition , material he has put out on his website gives some details about some regulations he wants to repeal. a lot of it is not new compared to his speeches from the campaign trail. he probably at some point will release some more detailed plans your example, when i tell that he has a couple of options for these regulations or enforcement or something along those lines that he might get a little bit more specific about what he is going to do. from grantore, katie pass, oregon on the independent line. go ahead.

caller: yes. ok. you know that big, he is going to do away with net neutrality? host: yes? caller: i saw that he was going to try to get rid of that neutrality. host: ok. net neutrality in the final few seconds here. timothy: there is some action the fcc took late in the obama presidency. that is something republicans feel very strongly about. they do not think there was a problem with this with the way the businesses were handling data traffic and things of that nature. mr. trump talked about this very little on the campaign trail.

so this is one of those areas where congressional republicans are going to try to take some action there. the fcc is a commission. so mr. trump's direct control over it is limited. however, he can still put pressure, still put appointments , things of that nature to try to direct it the way that he wants to and potentially to repeal what the fcc has done on that. host: timothy cama is a reporter for the hill newspaper. thank you so much for taking the time to talk to us. timothy: thank you. ♪ >> washington journal, live every day with news and policy issues that impact you. sunday morning, alliance for justice president and chief counsel and policy director will be on. they will talk about the impact of president-elect trump on the makeup of the supreme court, the

process ahead for the corporate and -- for the court. and the future of nato antitrade and economic policy. watch the washington journal at 7:00 eastern on sunday morning. join the discussion. >> next, president obama takes questions during a town hall in lima, peru. after that, talking about the late justice antonin scalia and life on the court. and then kevin brady discusses trade policy and economic growth. [applause]

>> we have been waiting a long time for somebody to do something. it is someone i admire. i follow his example of service, mr. president, thank you for being a dreamer that believes in people and provides big opportunities like the american initiative. [applause] --so welcoming toe in the stage mr. president. [applause] [cheers] thank you.bama:

hola, peru! muchas gracias. thank you so much. everybody, please have a seat. thank you, cynthia feher kind words and your great work in peru and bringing people across generations to meet challenges. a round of cynthia applause. [applause] president obama: it is wonderful to be here and i want to thank everybody at catholic university for hosting us. [applause] president obama: i want to thank the government and the beautiful people of this country for your hospitality. >> i love you. president obama: i love you too. [applause]

president obama: while i am here i am hoping to enjoy some good food. [speaking spanish] [cheers] president obama: but i will not [speakinging the spanish] because i usually leave the dancing to my wife. i want to thank you for being here, the young leaders of america, for being here and representing every country in latin america and the caribbean. this is my final stop on my final trip abroad. as president of the united states. and i have had the usual meetings with world leaders and we have done important business,

but whenever i travel, one thing i have been trying to do is to meet with young people. first of all, young people are more fun than old people. second, because today more than half of the world population is 30 or younger. generationans your will determine the course of our future. as individual nations and as a global community. the good news is, because i have had a chance to meet so many young people it has made me very optimistic to know that you will be in charge. that is why i wanted my last public event abroad to be with you. i often say the young people in my own country, if you had to be born at any time in history, it would be right now. if you think about all the progress made, not just in your life, but in the last few

years. they were people than ever -- fewer people than ever live in extreme poverty, there are more school, going to more girls in particular. and people across the world are securing their human rights and technology has reshaped the world, because you can't tell what everybody with their phones. at a time where the earth is more populated with cell phones man people, you have power to across across borders, nations, you have the tools to solve problems that we could not even imagine when i was your age. even as we make all of these important strides in advancing the rights of more people, even as technology brings us closer together, this unprecedented

change also brings challenges. we see it in the widening gap between rich and poor, we see it in the forces of extremism and division that too often tear communities apart. so the question for all of us is, how can we make sure in this changing world, that nobody is left behind and all of us are stronger and more prosperous? over the last eight years i have worked to strengthen our relationship with the americas, we are more than neighbors, we are linked by trade and culture and family and values. our students study in each other's countries come are sts travel back and forth and we've moved beyond the old arguments to create a new vision, one that your generation, which is liberated,

can lead. during my presidency we committed ourselves to the region and to the partnerships with your country with mutual respect and we increased trade and a stood up for democracy and human rights, fought against corruption, we have promoted clean energy and led the global fight against climate change. we opened a new relationship with cuba. i strongly believe that this work has to be done with governments, but it is more important that it is done by people. because government is important, because -- but it cannot solve every problem. we had to work together at the people level, teachers, doctors, students, entrepreneurs, and religious leaders, all all trying to find ways in which we can find it is values of

respect humanity, and that so often -- that is why we developed this young leaders initiative. our goal is to find the most innovative and energetic civil empowerleaders and help you with training and tools and connections come as a you can make a difference in your communities and your countries. this network already has 20,000 people and this fall we welcome the first class of fellows to the united states. [applause] this is justma: 100 of them. they are from every country across the americas. [applause] so, we want to:

help you and at this generation with grants, skills training. today i am announcing the longevity latin american and caribbean society innovation hub, a way to connect civil citing -- civil society organizations across the nation so you can support each other. we are investing $40 million into the young people across the caribbean, to help you start your own businesses and we are helping with the global exchange, so you can showcase your new enterprise to people around the world. and that way you can connect and hopefully get resources that you otherwise did not have. and we are moving ahead with partnerships, like the 100,000 strong in the americas. by the end of the decade, we want 100,000 u.s. students

studying in the americas and 100,000 from the americas study and in the u.s. - [applause] president obama: and we are announcing a partnership between the united states and the development banks to fund a competition exclusively between peruvian and u.s. colleges and universities, so students can come together to work on climate change and environmental science. [applause] president obama: we are focused on the hemisphere and the region, but it is more than just north america, south america, you are part of a global network from africa, southeast asia, europe and the americas, that are doing amazing work. and while my time as u.s.

president is coming to an end, this is just beginning. we need you to stay connected, work together, learn from each other, so we can build the next generation that can take on challenges like climate change and poverty and help grow our economies. make sure women get opportunities. [applause] president obama: make sure that every child, wherever they live, has a chance to build something, to build a good life. i will give you some examples of the amazing people that are involved in this process. we need leaders like dr. valerie. as a young doctor, she saw firsthand how issues like a cute -- acute malnutrition and hunger

hurt the children in this country. so he and a team of social workers started a team called a diagnostic group, focused on health care for abandoned children at the largest pediatric hospital in haiti. the goal is for the group to become the standard for pediatric care. and expand to reach even more children across haiti. so thank you for the great work you are doing. [applause] president obama: we need leaders like abigail of ghana. are you here? [applause] afterent obama: struggling to find her own grandfather home care, she

realized that it was a problem for some many other families so she started an agency for home care. she started it as a service for families to take care of their loved ones, but now it is a social movement that provides job opportunities for women in the health care industry. so thank you for the great work you are doing. [applause] president obama: you already heard the great work that cynthia is doing in peru, across the world and across the americas, young people taking the lead. problems, and they are finding ways to take action. the main message i want you to partnerthat you have a in me and in the united states government. and we will work together. [applause] [cheers] president obama: we are going to

work together. we expect the fellowship to continue, but i want you to know that i will continue to be involved, even after i am president, because i want to make sure that we continue to invest in your success. if you succeed, the world succeeds. i am very excited to see the great things you will do. let's take some questions. i am going to take off my jacket, because it is a little hot. [cheers] president obama: so. cheernot trying to get a out of that. this?canceled the grab thank you. we will start with a question from the german -- gentleman right here. please introduce yourself.

hold on, the microphone is not working. not yet. do we have a second one? testing. technicalere is the expert. here we go. there is another one. not yet. uh- ooh. here we go. we will try this one. one of these will work. >> testing. president obama: there you go. >> good afternoon. i am from the and is william -- venezuala. we are working on a platform for latin america and i am a proud member of the fellows. i am here to read a question

from our network. there were 200 questions on facebook. asks, in our country, there is a debate on what matters most -- how can we create a world where we do not have to choose between them? both are important. president obama: that is a great question and a timely question, because i think that after a decade in which we have seen more and more countries adopt democratic practices, you are now starting to see some of those gains reversed. you are seeing countries going backwards, rather than forward in terms of freedom of the press, freedom of the internet, in terms of respecting political

opposition and civil society. and there are those that argue that democracy is incompatible with development, because you need order, you need somebody from the top to tell people what to do in order to achieve. i would suggest that you look at the evidence over the last 20-40 years. those countries that person to democracy -- pursue democracy, transparency, where the leaders are held accountable, those are the countries that are doing best. those countries that are repressive, that do not respect democracy, that silences

critics, they go backwards economically. because in this time that we live in, development is based on knowledge and innovation and education and new thinking and sharing of ideas. it is not based on how much land you have, the natural resources, it is based on people. in a democracy what we are able to do is through the freedom people enjoy, they are able to create and to start businesses, start organizations, solve problems. what is also true is they are able to hold the government accountable, so when the government does not deliver where the people, they engage in corruption.

if policies only benefit if you -- a few, people can react and overtime they will get better policies from the government. look at what has happened on the coast here in latin america. you look at chile, peru, colombia -- all of them are doing better and going faster because of a new openness in the democracy that exists. what is true here is true around the world. the one thing i have to say is, democracy is more than just elections. press,cy is also a free it is also freedom of religion, it is making sure that the rights of minorities are protected, not just the

majority. it is rule of law. and an independent judiciary. it is a matter of all of these elements coming together. but the main thing we have thised is that in knowledge-based economy, this society, you can maintain order for a while with a nondemocratic government, but it will rot from within. over time, those governments fail and those economies fail, because when they make mistakes they tried to hide them instead of solving them. when somebody has a legitimate criticism of a problem, it can be ignored because politicians do not have to answer.

and eventually those societies will do much worse, often times by increasing repression as people get more and more dissatisfied and the society breaks down. it is true that nondemocratic countries are likely to get into wars with other countries. democracies try to solve problems through t diplomacy and dialogue. not only is there a contradiction, it is my belief that in order in this new economy for development to be successful, you need democracy. i will say one must think. -- last thing. democracy can be frustrating, you do not always get 100% of what you want. it means sometimes you have to

means that theit outcomes of elections do not always turn out the way you hope. then, and we are going through that in the u.s. and i am doing everything i can to facilitate a successful transition with the president elect, but as long as we keep our democratic systems open, then the society has a chance to try something new and you can make a decision and correct problems they face in the future and progress continues. alright. let's see. [applause] you?dent obama: let's get a microphone to you. introduce yourself.

i apologize, my spanish is just ok. we are doing this in english, but hopefully i am being clear. go ahead. heream very glad you are in my country. is, what douestion you think about the european promoteming together to military integration in defense after the victory of donald trump? do you think we have global created by the media or is it real? president obama: what is your name? [indiscernible]

nice to meetma: you. you are a student? >> yes. [cheers] president obama: you have some classmates here. the united states is such a big country that after an election people are uncertain. i think it will take -- i think it will be important for everybody around the world to not make the media judgments -- immediate judgments, but give the new president elect a chance to examine issues, to determine whater policies will be -- their policies will be, because what i have said is the way that you campaign is not the way you

will govern. we are trying to stir up passions, but when you govern you have reality in front of you and you have to decide, how will i make this work. the alliance between the u.s. and europe through nato is very strong. and the president elect, donald trump, has already reaffirmed our commitment to native -- to nato. europe been asking for to carry more of the burden of defense spending than they have been doing, because the united states spends a lot more than some of our partners. and they recognize the need for them to spend more resources on that. with respect to latin america, i do not anticipate major changes in policy from the new

administration. i think the work we have done has been successful in establishing the strongest relationships between the united states and latin america in modern history. the friendships we have established with peru, the reopening of diplomatic relations with cuba, the investments we are making in trade and environmental policy and so forth, all of those i expect to continue. tensions going to be that arise come up probably around trade more than anything else. because the president elect on looking at every trade policy into potentially reversing some of those policies.

but once they look at how it is working, i think they will determine it is good for the united states and its partners. there may need to be modifications, i have called for modifications and elements of our trading policy. when we established the free trade agreement, one of the requirements was for peru to strengthen their protection of labor rights, and we did that in part because with all of our trading partners, we do not want to be disadvantaged because we are dealing with labor that has no right and so they get the lowest wages. we didn't also because -- did it also because it will lift the wages and protections that workers here enjoy. because ultimately, that is good

for everybody. one thing i really believe is when you pay workers well, ordinary people getting a decent wage and benefits and protections, then they have more money and they go out and spend that money, which is good for business and everybody is better off. that is the kind of attitude we yearso promote in the going forward. my hope is that that policy will continue. my main message to you and what notlivered in europe is, do assume the worst. wait until the administration is in place and is actually putting policies together and then he can make your judgment as to whether or not it is consistent with the international

community's interest in living in peace and prosperity together. [applause] president obama: alright. ok. so, what i am doing is i am going boy, girl, so everybody gets a fair chance. right here in the purple shirt. [cheers] >> thank you very much. i want to say thank you for being such a great world leader. i truly think you have done your best in making the world a better place. president obama: i appreciate that. thank you. where are you from? >> i am from the bahamas. i am the son of two haitian immigrants and i am a human rights activist. i do advocacy work on the radio,

because it is a great form of medication. you spoke about youth and us shaping the future and to the direction of the world and what it will be be. but i will give you a quick ,xample of what i experienced reflection that can apply to all of us as young people. as a person being born to haitian paragraph -- parent immigrants, there is a section on you not being a native. governments have set on overtime. the average individual that you would come into contact with, they would see you [indiscernible] so the opportunities to help your country are diminished. some for example, i am trying to pitch -- bridge the gap between haitians and others in the bahamas. they say, you are fighting for haitians to take over the bahamas. i want them to live in peace.

if you have the opportunity to have all of the prime ministers and presidents in one room, and you had one word of advice you could have given those leaders in regards to young people and especially millennials, what would you say to those leaders? president obama: i have had that opportunity a number of times. they don't always follow my advice. broader point, look, we live in a world that is smaller than ever before because of the internet, because of modern travel. your generation gets ideas and culture and your politics from everywhere. listening to everything from rolling stones to, you

know, kendrick lamar to, you , reggae, so what is true music, what is true food is also true in politics and ideas. the great thing about young people is that has major identities -- made your identities both national but also international. people here are peruvian, but you are also people who care about what happens around this continent and around the world. bothans that you can be proud of your haitian heritage and live in the bahamas, and also be concerned about what happens in africa or what is happening in myanmar.

that is a good thing. older be honest with you, people are threatened than younger people by this convergence. now that i have gray hair, i see what happens as you get older. you get set in your ways. you are afraid of things that are new. times, politicians can feed into that sense that everything is changing so fast, let's go back to our old identities. orntities of race or tribe nationality. just toain advice, not world leaders but world citizens, to citizens around the world, if you are finding

yourself -- defining yourself by what you are not, just by the color of your skin or where you not born, then you are fully appreciating what will give you a strong identity and meaning in your life and what and lead to prosperity security for everyone. ideals the values and that we should all promote, that we respect everybody regardless of what they look like, that we give everybody opportunity no matter or they were born, whether they were born for or they were born rich -- poor or they were born rich. we have laws that everybody has to observe, not just laws for

one set of people and then laws for a different set of people. the problem with that approach, a very narrow way of thinking about yourself, is that means you have to be in conflict with somebody else. the most important thing about are an american, if that is the one thing that , then you may end up being threatened by people from other places when in fact you might have a lot in common and miss other opportunities. i am a very proud american, and my job as president of the united states is to look out for american interests, but my argument to the american people is the best way to look up for american interests is also to care about what is happening in our neighborhood, because in

their house is burning down, eventually my house will burn down. the best way for my daughters to be secure as americans is to make sure that people in el alsodor or guatemala are feeling somewhat security, because if not, that may spill over the borders to us. and some of the challenges that we face today are one's that no single group can solve. you look at something like climate change, that knows no borders. if there is pollution in china, it affects you here. if we are going to make sure the oceans don't rise so suddenly all the streets around lima are two feet underwater, then it will require everybody taking the kind of collective action we talked about in the paris

agreements. so i think that we should all have the capacity, and governments should reflect this capacity, to be proud of our particular circumstance, be proud that, you know, you are haitian, be proud you are in the bahamas. be proud you are young black men . be proud of your particular identity, but also see what you have in common with people who don't look like you or don't come from the same places you do. because if we see what we have in common, then we will be able to work together, and that is good for all of us. if all we see is differences, then we are automatically going to be in competition. in order for me to do well, i have to put you down. which then makes you want to put me down. and everybody stays down here

instead of everybody lifting each other up. the most important thing we can do. [applause] president obama: so it is a woman's turn. ok. everybody is pointing at this young lady. all of her friends are pointing at her because she has something important to say. [cheers] >> welcome to peru, mr. president. my name is sophia, and my friends and i are students. met mariana. do you remember [indiscernible] marianna acosta? i am a student over there. we are so excited to get a job in tech, but there is so many young people without our type of opportunity. so what do you recommend for more quality education or

opportunity for people in latin america? president obama: the program you described is doing great work, and there is a lot of good work across latin america. one of the goals is to make sure are we providing a great education for people at the younger stages, basic reading, arithmetic, all those things, but today, you also need to have some knowledge of technology. and what we are trying to do is to work with governments and ngos who expand access to the platforms,o digital and what we also want to do then is help design curriculums and the internet so that online learning is accessible in places where

previously there might not be opportunities. we are seeing some of those investments here in peru. that is part of the broader educational program that we have throughout latin america, that we can still do more. it is not just us. it is a public-private partnership also. microsoft, google, other big companies who have an interest in an educated population because the more educated and the more wired they , the more overtime customers are using their products and their platforms. what we want to do is to make sure that everybody, even in the smallest village, has suddenly this library to the world and the best educational there isties, even if

not a big university in that small town. some of the learning that we can do, it doesn't have to be four years. sometimes a six-week program could teach people coding and computers, and suddenly right away that person has a job, and then they can learn more and ultimately go and get a four-year education. but what you need is that first step. we are doing this in the united states, by the way. it is not just in latin america. in the united states, one of the things we are finding is we need computer science and literacy in the schools. we need to make sure also that we set up technical training systems where somebody who is unemployed in a city where the used to be a big factory but now the factory is closed, or

because of automation and robots, fewer people are working there, those people have lost their jobs, they might not be able to afford a four-year university. give them six weeks, eight weeks or 10 weeks of training. get them in a job right now, and then overtime, they can learn even more. so congratulations, you guys are doing great work. [applause] president obama: all right. ok. so this is a team effort now. it is good to see this swap ration. everybody is pointing at one person. this gentleman right here, right in the front. [applause] >> hello, mr. president. beautifuldent of this university with a gorgeous group of people. i will give context to my question. the smartest man i know is my dad. my dad was born in cuba.

he would to the united states to get an opportunity. he lived all of his life there from community college to doctorate, and he managed to do a lot of things because of the open arm policy towards him. can makey immigrants the immigration, because there is still this open arm. but now they are saying they will have a closed-door policy. in your opinion, what do you think that today, the stand of the usa is for offshore innovators for people that want to go to harvard, m.i.t., gail, -- yale, and what would be the consequences to this closed-door innovative? thank you,bama: thank you very much. [applause] first of all, i

know your father is very proud you said he is the smartest man he ever knew. i hope that my daughters would say that. [laughter] president obama: america is a nation of immigrants. those of you who visited america , if you walk in an american city, not just new york or los angeles but st. louis or ohio,apolis or columbus, if you walk down the street, you see people that look like they can be from any place, because the fact is except for the native american population, everybody in america came from someplace else. immigrants, and that has been our greatest strength because we have been

able to attract talent from everywhere. i use this as an example. you notice united states did really well in the olympics. some of that is because we are a big country, a wealthy country, so we have all these training facilities and we can do all kinds of equipment, all of that is true. what, i mean, china is a bigger country and spent a lot of money also. the big advantage america has if you look at our team, actually two big advantages, we have something called title ix. many years ago that requires women get the same opportunities in sports as men do, and that is why -- [applause] one of thebama: reasons the american team did so well is the women were amazing.

and because they have got opportunities, right, which teaches us something about the need to make sure women and men, boys and girls get the same opportunities, because you do better when everybody has a chance, not just someone. but the second thing when you look at the u.s. olympic team, and there are all kinds of different sorts of people of all different shapes and sizes, and part of it is because we draw thana bigger genetic pool anybody, right? we have the gymnasts that i like this big. simone biles came by the white house, she is a tiny it'll thing. amazing athletes. and we have michael phelps who is 6'8", and his shoulders are this big, and that is good for swimming. he couldn't do gymnastics, but he is a good swimmer. the point is, when you have all these talent from all these different places, then you

actually as a team do better, and that has been the great gift of america. , what we have to do, not just in the united states but in all countries is to find a way open, smart immigration policy, but it has to be orderly and lawful. i think the part of what has happened in the united states is the amount ofugh illegal immigration that is happening has actually gone down while i have been president, the perception is that it has just gone up. partly this is because it used to be that immigrants primarily stayed in texas and arizona and places and border

florida, now there are immigrants in parts of the country where they didn't used to be immigrants, and it makes them concerned. who are these people, and are they taking our jobs and opportunities and so forth? my argument has been that no country can have completely open ,orders, because if they did then nationality and citizenship wouldn't mean anything. and obviously if we had completely open borders, then you would have tens of millions of people who was suddenly becoming into the united states, which by the way would necessarily be good for the countries where they leave, because in some places like in africa, you have doctors and nurses and scientists and engineers who would all try to leave, then you have a brain drain, and they are not developing their own countries.

you have to have some rules, but my hope is that those rules are set up in a way that continues to invite talented young people to come in and contribute and to make a good life for themselves. that we also though have to do is to invest in countries that are sending migrants so that they can develop themselves. you mentioned tuba, for example, where your father fled. he left partly because they didn't feel there was enough opportunity there. part of the reason i said let's are the diplomatic -- reopened diplomatic relations with cuba is to see if we could encourage greater opportunity and freedom in cuba. if you have people that could leave cuba and do really well in the united states, that means

they should have enough talent that they could do well by staying at home in cuba. there are enormously talented people here. if they do, i don't want the people in peru to suddenly -- [applause] president obama: i don't want you to feel as if you have to go to new york in order to be successful. you should be able to be successful right here in lima. [applause] so this is true in the americas, it is true in europe where obviously they have been flooded, and is very controversial with migrants. some of them have been displaced from war in syria, but some are just coming for economic reasons in africa. i just meeting -- left meetings with european leaders, and if we do invest more in those african countries and encouraging

greater rule of law and less corruption and more opportunity in those countries, people are less likely to want to come to germany or italy for their futures, because they can feel they can make a future where they are. but this is an example of what i was saying earlier. if we think only about very narrow terms about the borders and what is good for us and ignore what is happening everywhere else, eventually, it will have an impact on us whether we like it or not, because the world is much smaller than it used to be, all right? ok. let's see, you got a -- [applause] president obama: all right, young lady right there, in the black, yeah. yes, you. [cheers]

>> oh my god, thank you for this amazing opportunity. i havean a question -- to introduce myself first. i am from venezuela. i just want to thank you for talking about the women's opportunity. i am the ceo of [indiscernible] it moves values for women. i have a daughter. .t is a little bit hard you have seen support of women empowerment. you supported a candidate who was a woman, hillary. you were supported by your wife, michelle. president obama: michelle is amazing. [cheers] [applause] -- you thrilled that have a lot of support.

some special advice for female [indiscernible] for those who have to strike a , and should i be a mother or should i be some professional, i totally believe we can be both at the same time, but i would like to hear it from you. advice for all potential women who will become mothers, the opportunity. on behalf of all my fellows, thank you for this amazing opportunity. [indiscernible] there are more fellows looking because they could not come to peru, so thank you to all of the fellows watching us right now. president obama: great question. [applause] michelle obama: probably would have more to say about this because, you know, she has gone through it as a professional woman, but let me

offer a few observations. leaders and, the the men in every country need to that the countries that are most successful are going to be the countries that give opportunities to girls and women and not just boys and men. now that -- [applause] president obama: and if you look, if you look at which countries are doing best, most advanced, growth the fastest, it is partly because you can't have half the population uneducated, not working, out of the house, not in leadership positions and expect to be as good as a country where are hundred percent are getting a good education and having opportunities and can do amazing

things starting a business or entering into politics or what have you. so this is not just a problem for girls and women. men have to also recognize this is good for you. man, youu are a strong should not be threatened to that women are doing well. you should be proud that women are doing well, and families ,here women have opportunity that means they will bring in more income, which means the family as a whole is going to do better. and let's be honest, sometimes that whole that she's no attitude -- machismo attitude makes it harder for women to sometimes that is coming even from those who love them. so men, those of you who end up

being fathers, you have got to lift up your daughters. just telling them they are pretty is not enough. you have got to tell them they are smart and tell them they are ambitious and give them opportunity. [applause] so once youama: have a whole country thinking in those terms, then you need to start having policies that can support women, and the most important thing in addition to making sure the girls from an early age are getting a good education, and that they are not being told, oh, you can only do certain things. engineering is a man's job or being a scientist, that is a man's job. no, no, girls can do everything. you cannot -- you can be a teacher if you want, wonderful profession, but sometimes women are told there are a few things they can do, nurse, teacher, as

opposed to anything. once you have done that, then you have to recognize the big conflict women have in the professional world has to do with final -- with family and childbearing. for biological reasons, women have more of a burden than men do, but it is not just biology but also sociology. men's attitudes as well, i don't have to do as much. even in my marriage with michelle, i like to think of myself as a modern enlightened man, but i will admit it, michelle did more work than i did with sasha and melia. so part of what society can do is they can help with having smart policies for childcare. one of the hardest things for professional women, particularly when their children are still small and not yet in school is,

who is going to take care of my baby when i am working? how do i make sure that they are afe? making sure that governments have policies in place that help , you know, having a mother-in-law who helps is also very useful. but not everybody has the option where, you know, they have family members who are close by. that is an example of something we have to really work on. then we have to put pressure on institutions to treat women equally when it comes to getting loans to start a business. maybe 20 up until , in theo in some places united states even, a husband

had to find a loan document with a bank even notice for his wife's business. was the onewoman making the money, it was her idea, her investment, she was doing all the work, because of these old stereotypes, that kind of mentality and discrimination still exists in a lot of institutions. so we have to fight against those. women who are successful, you for thethen fight younger women who are coming behind you and make sure that you are changing some of these attitudes. if you are high up in a bank, you have got to make sure that these policies are good for women. if you succeed in politics, if you have to help remote and encourage women who are coming behind you.

so the last thing i guess i would say would be -- i know that michelle says this to our daughters. a wonderful mom and having a wonderful family and have a really successful career. not tryhave to kind of to do everything all at the same time exactly. you have to time things out a little bit and have a husband who supports taking turns a little bit. so it may be that when the child is very young, you are not doing hard,ing that is as because having a really young child is already really hard, and you have to sleep sometimes. but then as the child gets older , maybe that is when -- maybe your husband is doing something that gives him more time to