quality. the more expensive, the better. these days, people say, i don't have to pay this much for a watch or handbag. they are using their own money to purchase these goods. the other shift just profits, or profitability of the industry has peaked, maybe two years ago. we have had a dramatic shift in terms of which brands are popular these days among consumers. we have also had margins coming down. although the industry is still making huge sums of money there to any other industry. the industry is still very well-positioned. markets are still very high, looking at net margins. but they are no longer what they were back in 2012 or 2013. >> based on the rapid

strengthening of the dollar, is not going to affect things in your region? i mean, the dollar has strengthened in a pretty dramatic fashion. a lot of people think that could continue through the next year at least, or more. what impacts will that have? >> it will have a dramatic impact. i think the luxury industry in many ways, is about currency arbitrage. in the wake of the u.s. election, we have witnessed a dramatic appreciation of the u.s. dollar against just about every currency. >> why do you think that is? >> because, mr. trump said, america first. also, we have had him talking about cutting taxes in america, which would boost corporate profits. also, if you see the yield curve in america, inflation is taking up because you have $1 trillion on infrastructure. so, u.s. 10 year treasuries,

something i watch every day, on election night, 7.7%. today it is approaching 2.3%. with the yield curve steepening, we are seeing inflation concerns returning. ofey is being pulled uout emerging markets because we are on the cusp of a u.s. rate hike in december, followed by perhaps more in 2017. people interests rise, are taking money out of countries where the interests are 0%, putting money into the u.s. that means that asian currencies and emerging-market currencies have taken a big tumble. if you look at the asian region, everything will currency is from the japanese yen to the malaysian ringgit and the chinese yuan, they have taken a beating in the recent days. >> what is that going to mean?

>> it means these people, the travelers, when they go overseas, they will have less money to spend, particularly when they come to america. however, in the chinese context, we cannot be too fixated on the financial relationships between the chinese yuan and the u.s. dollar. we need to look at a trade weighted basket. there is an index cost which measures the chinese yuan against 13 currencies in a trade weighted basket. against that basket, the chinese yuan has not depreciated so much. the euro, for example, has been very weak against the dollar. that means more travelers will be going to europe, rather than the u.s. this christmas season. the pound has come down quite a lot against the dollar in the wake of brexit. again, everyone here can say for their own business that perhaps this last couple of quarters have been very good in the u.k.

because of the weakening of the pound. the japanese yen, it is interesting because earlier in the first half of this year it was very strong. we have seen a decisive move on the part of the chinese consumer to stay away from japan. but now, the yen is weakening from 1.01 on election night to 1.13 today. people are saying a could reach 1.20. many chinese travelers would be going back to japan in the coming months. so, they go where the best bargains are. and the chinese consumers are extremely good at analyzing the product they wish to purchase, but also the currencies of the country they are traveling to. >> mabye jing, could you summarize, how anxious are you about the global economy, sitting in hong kong, allocating these trillions, listening to spac clients' anxei

anxieties and concerns? korea we are seeing these things. so, how anxious are you and what kind of investment decisions are you advising? >> you know, even though there are a lot of concerns and uncertainties, roger, i remain quite optimistic about the u.s. economy and global economy. also, people in the luxury industry, they have to be optimistic because you are selling a dream, you are selling authenticity, you are selling heritage, you are selling a lifestyle. if you become all doom and gloom, what would your consumers say? why would they buy your brand or stay at your hotels? why would they travel with you? so, i think people in this

situation within the luxury industry, you have to be inherently optimistic. and i do think there are reasons for optimism. let's take china as an example. even though gdp growth has come down, we have household 9% a year,wing on percent and that is remarkable. i mean, look, i tend to compare the china today with the china over 30 years ago. it's night and day. you know? chenchinese consumers, even though their tastes are changing and evolving every day, they love quality, authenticity, heritage. i think that really means this industry, the luxury industry, will be speaking from fashion to jewelry to hotels, to hospitality, to cars.

there is a huge future, i think for the industry. wegrade, on the upbeat note, will speak to the optimists out there. it was got a question? -- who has got a question? yes, sir? linkme economists inequality with the success of the luxury market. do you think the recent downturn in the luxury market in china is somehow linked to anticorruption and the efforts by the government to reduce inequality in china? >> well, inequality in the world, income gaps basically, have risen. especially in the last five. in china, you have the same situation. the income gaps between the

have's and have not's have widen. when the president came into the office four years ago, he introduced the anticorruption program, which has been very popular among the chinese people. he had to do it. he had to cleanse the system. otherwise, the system could collapse with corruption being so prevalent. now, four years on, we have a degree of success in the anticorruption campaign. in the past, for the luxury industry, i would say between 20% and 30% was good at that time. so, we're going towards gifting to officials to curry favor or win contracts. and that is all gone. and that should have happened in the first place. now what we have is a new normal for the luxury industry. people are buying for self consumption, for self use. easter hunt a lot of wealth created in china -- we still

have a lot of wealth created in china everyday. the newly rich chinese still you huge aspirations to know, consume quality products. they enjoy quality experiences. they are staying at better hotels. i think for self reward. i would say the initial anticorruption campaign was not really targeting the luxury industry, but the byproduct of that campaign at that time could have hurt initially the luxury industry because the gifting was gone. now that the base has normalized, i think the luxury industry, in some cases, you can see them getting rejuvenated. but you should know, you should never blame the macro environment for the failure of a particular business, right? it is down to execution. even in these more challenging times some brands are doing very well. at the end of the day, we need

to look inwardly at the management, at your brand, that your creative designs to see w hether you are catering to the consumers of today. nobody should blame the macro environment if you are not doing well. i think it is down to the execution of your team, of your particular brand, whether you are appealing to the new consumer of today. >> another question? yes, sir. and then you, ma'am. >> this morning we heard about the u.s. needing china as an ally against south korea. could you comment on the chinese and north korean relationship? >> it has been a tricky relationship. north korea is very dependent on china for food supplies, energy, and may be other things. degreeof course, has a of influence over north korea,

vital think anyone in the world has control over what north korea might do. so, that creates a very sensitive political situation in nrtorth asia with south korea ad japan right there, near north korea. china of course, has a pretty long border as well. at the end of the day, this remains a geopolitical point. north korea keeps on doing these missile tests into the sea , which makes south korea and japan very nervous. >> what about china? dayhina has well, but every if you look at the river that separates north korea from china, right? there is this bridge that links the two countries and everyday if you are there, you can see trucks going to north korea, carrying heavily loaded supplies forrom grains to food to coal

and energy. they go there full and come back empty. there is a huge amount of dependency north korea has on china. this situation, the stalemate, has lasted for some time. it will remain until the leadership changes in north korea, until the regime changes. i am afraid the situation will remain one of the biggest uncertainties in north asia. >> china could bring north korea to stop the trucks, it is all over. >> well, you can't. the collapse of the north korean regime would not be good for anyone. also, you would not want to contemplate a possible amalgamation of north and south korea, like east germany and west germany got together. >> why not? >> because the income gap is so huge. >> people in east germany are free now. >> for this is a very different situation. >> freedom counts, right?

>> it does, of course, but given the leadership in north korea, you wouldn't want to be linked up to a democratic south korea. >> and then we have to stop, i am sorry. >> i wonder if you could speak to intellectual property law in china and what you think the government is prepared to do. he spoke of the authenticity and we all know the counterfeits, especially online, is a massive problem, especially at the luxury level, and whether or not you think enforcement of intellectual property law could become a weapon in the back and forth if trump were to initiate policies that angered the government. >> intellectual property in china in the past was a huge issue. it remains a issue, but chinese companies now are beginning to create intellectual property. so, they want to see their own i.p. protected. that is why we would have a

turning point towards the protection of into property. more and more chinese companies are signing patents. they are grading brands. they don't want to see their products, their technology, copied. so, i think this is proving. alibaba you know, alli is the biggest shopping market in china. i think that issue is being resolved. but also, i think china knows, to become a responsible stakeholder in the world economy, to be the second largest economy in the world, it needs to act responsibly towards intellectual property. there have been many lawsuits, many suits of action against counterfeit products.

i think the situation is evolving, it is improving. it is better than five years ago or 10 years ago, but i think consumers, the media, the brands will have to keep the pressure on the chinese government to continue their efforts to protect intellectual property. the good thing is that china itself is a big creator of intellectual property. so, they want to see their own creations being protected. so, i think at least now, as far as i can see, the interests of government, consumers, and brands are much more aligned compared to ever before. >> thank you very much, jing. thank you, everybody. [applause] times" the "new york glover leadership forum, former gore president al talks about the efforts to confront climate change.

he also discusses the implications of the presidential election on environmental policy. >> this is great. what a thrill for me to interview one of my true heroes and i think an authentic american hero and global hero. i say that without restraint or embarrassment. it is great to be with you here. congratulations on your new book. brilliantly written. all of you should buy. mr. friedman: thank you. i would like to start out, if you would give us, just a climate audit. we have got a new administration. it feels to me like a really difficult time. mr. gore: you think? [chuckling]

mr. friedman: i would like for you to share with our audience, just the science of where are we in this process, and why are the next four years so important? mr. gore: well, i will do the best i can briefly. only threeally questions remaining about the climate. do we have to change? we still rely on fossil energy for between 80%-85% of all energy in the global economy. there is now notwithstanding the potemkin disagreement being built here in part of our political culture, there is a massive consensus worldwide. the paris agreement signed by virtually every nation in the world is not enough, but it is for real. and mother nature is

increasingly insistent with the extreme weather events that are growing more disruptive and more frequent all over the world and i will not enumerate them. mr. friedman: we are here in november. we have not had winter yet. mr. gore: but we will. and we still will have winters, but the north paul is 36 degrees fahrenheit above normal. last year it was 50 degrees fair night above normal for -- last year it was 50 degrees fahrenheit above normal for a stretch. darkness andear is half of the year is sunshine. in the dead of winter, in the middle tonight, the north pole started thawing because the temperature was above freezing point and this year it was 36 degrees above normal. we are seeing sea level

increases begin to accelerate. spectacularhave coverage on this and i hope i will have more opportunities to brag within your individual columns about this. they are really great, especially the recent ones aimed at the president-elect. but today worldwide we will put another 110 million tons of heat trapping pollution into the sky. mr. friedman: today? mr. gore: today. every day. and, our visual impression of sky is that it is vast and limitless. now, the news is we have gone three years in a row without an increase in the annual emissions. suggesting we might be at an inflection point. i do believe we are. but the bad news is that we are still adding to that cumulative amount. today, aon tons

nontrivial fraction will still be there some 10,000 years from now. if we were to magically putting it up there tomorrow, half of it would fall out in a matter of three decades. that's really amazing. mr. friedman: we can have that impact. mr. gore: we can, if we choose to. so the cumulative amount now traps as much heat energy every day as would be released by 400,000 hiroshima atomic clouds exploding every four hours. -- every 24 hours. that is a lot of energy. oceans. into the it has a lot of consequences. ocean-based storms are getting significantly stronger. and this could disrupt the water cycle because the evaporation rate of the oceans increases. we get these massive downpours,

floods, and mudslides that are interspersed with longer periods of drought. this is why we are seeing tropical diseases move, transportation revolution has a lot to do with it, but where they take root, the zika is the latest. up to 50 pregnant women in puerto rico get infected with zika everyday. again, this is a parade of horrible. you did great reporting on the connection between this and political instability by showing how the scientists have connected the dots with the drought in the eastern mediterranean. the worst ever measured, the records only go back 900 years. but that was really the single most important part of the cause, the gates of hell opening up in syria.

by the way, we have a persistent confusion between linear cause and effect and systemic cause and effect. you cannot say there is one cause, one effect. in a complex system, it manifests a lot of consequences. and you radically change the system, than all the consequences are different. the bad news is, we are still in an observed the reckless way. people do know the answer to the first question is, yes, we have to change. the second question is, can we change? the really hopeful news is the answer to that question is very clear and persuasive. withost down curve we saw mobile phones, flatscreen tvs does not take place in every area of technology, but the good

news is it really does take place in renewable energy, wind, itrly solar tv, is quite dramatic. abu dhabi, water electric. a contract for unsubsidized electricity at 2.42 two cents per kilowatt hour. the number might not mean much but it is way, way, way below what you can buy electricity for. from burning fossil fuels. batteries are now also coming down. we have a sustainability revolution that is now gaining momentum worldwide. think about the agricultural revolution, the industrial revolution, and the information revolution. the sustainability revolution is as big or bigger than any of the

other three and it has the scope of the industrial revolution with the speed of the digital revolution. we have gone through 150 years opex for capex. we have avoided adding warner insulation to the windows, the light, going carefully with cost to save and energy use. now that the true cost of energy , especially from fossil fuels, is becoming more apparent, there is all this low hanging fruit and fruit all over the ground. and it is there. with the digital tools, especially with the internet of things that now make factories into computers, the ability to harvest those inefficiencies, reduce emissions, reduce waste, increase profit, that is everywhere now in the business world. waste, increase profit, that is everywhere now in the business world.

medium-size, large-size businesses. everybody. getting at.ybody is customers are demanding a because the difference between profit and loss is always at the margin and a significant and growing fraction of customers are saying, i want this agreement and the ability to hire in retain the most talented new employees. the millennials are not just different than our generation. they are way different on this matrix and particular. they want to work for companies that get it and share their values. they want to get paid good but they want to be able to tell their friends and family, i am helping. i feel good. i am making the world a better place. mr. friedman: people from the apparel industry, hotel industry. what are the opportunities for them? inc. about that and a little bit

more about what you just talked about? wise is a great is this opportunity now? mr. gore: guild ways of doing -- the old ways of doing business have a lot of inefficiency and waste. inertia being what it is and human nature being what it is, it is always difficult to make a big change. is an example.t after hurricane katrina and hurricane rita, they had a real epiphany on the east coast and worldwide. they are an example of a company that may have originally gotten into some things for brand enhancement. i don't know fully. at theot work with them time. but i think there was a mixture of motivation but when they realized that they were going to be able to save a heck of a lot of money and enhance their

profits by making these sustainability investments and making these changes, then they well." ke, " and everybody knows an example in every industry now. young people coming in, they know how to do it. we can do this, we can do that. so it is moving very quickly. mr. friedman: talk about what you are going to be doing in the try -- a key point, the prison-elect. -- the president-elect. week in you doing next this discussion while there is still some elasticity in his decisions? mr. gore: a week from right now i will be in the middle of a reality.lobal

we go around the clock live and we are live in the prime time of each of the major countries that we are broadcasting to. had tens of millions in our audience last her, this year is going to be significantly larger than that. coverage and distribution in countries.00 we are devoting each hour to each of the 24 largest national emitters. going to what they pledged in paris, what more they could do, how they are doing, interviews with thought leaders in each country. original videos of hopeful projects in each country. we will take them one-by-one -- 24 hours. 20 it is one of many reality projects. the ngo, we have been working on

this. we talked about generation investment management. my partners and i invest according to sustainability models. i knock on wood before i say mission is to prove the business case that in the investment part of the market, full integration should be best practice. there is now a very large amount of academic research showing that when it is integrated, investors get better returns and in virtually every sector of the economy, businesses that fully embrace sustainability are performing better. many, many studies now. it is becoming an established reality. if president-elect trump are here, knowing what we

know about when he said during us atmpaign, now he told the new york times last week tot he was open at least some of these climate questions. what advice would you give him? what advice would you give to him about two things. one, about the state of the climate right now. and about the environmental community. i know you have advice on that. i read the transcript of this meeting with the new york times it i really appreciate the way it were leaning forward and was really well done. want to people would say what i am saying. thank you very much. and thank you to arthur in putting that whole thing together. i would say to him, congratulations.

you have got an incredible responsibility now but there is that is critical and this is a critical moment because going back to your original question on the state of the climate crisis, we are beginning to cross an inflection point. winning. in the united states lester, three quarters of all the new energy electricity generation came from solar. for all intents and purposes, coal is dead. declined 96% in the last several year. errant toull's predict the future of oil but we see signs, exxon, mobile, forced to take 20% of its reserves up the books. of them realize they are facing a sub prime

interest rate. the subprime more -- mortgages had an artificial value that was levitated by the illusion that you give more to people can't make a payment or a down payment, you can get rid of them by lumping millions of them together into touch -- and attaching a phony insurance like document and selling it to the global market but when people peel back the top layer they said, oh my gosh. the value suddenly collapsed. the value of $22 trillion of a reserve is based on an allusion that is even more absurd than the subprime mortgages. the assumption is that all of that is going to be put to its intended use. if not, whether the paris agreement is fully implemented or not, regional government, state government, city

government moving forward to medically. china is moving forward. year, you can get on the list. but mother nature is not going to allow it. they had to close powerplants in india the share because the two -- the water was too hot to cool it. the fracking process demands enormous amounts of water, in areas where there is a shortage of water. sand center had to be evacuated. 100,000 people. above normal. for weeks on end. forest fires. it is happening right now in my home state of tennessee. gatlinburg. the southeast -- sorry i'm getting exercise. [laughter] is, $22: the point

trillion in reserves on the assumption it is going to be burned. at some point, i do not know when but at some point that value is going to collapse the same way the subprime mortgages did. know -- we're you going to win this. we are winning this. we are not winning it fast enough because we are doing considerable damage every day. damage can wemore build into the system question mark it is a large system that moves slowly. the famous metaphor decades ago was it is an angry beast and we're poking it with a stick. we're already seeing and feeling the consequences. we have already programmed in more severe consequences in the years ahead, but we still have time to avoid the most

catastrophic consequences almost certainly. almost certainly. thatriedman: i will finish thought. therefore, president elect trump hears this energy policy. where does he have to go? mr. gore: i would advise him to come back to your question of ink careful about who he appoints because the great historian robert dowling road new presence are shockingly vulnerable to the headstrong impulses of the people they appoint in the first month and office andear in whatever his management style has been, the ability to balance these different factors in one sphere, when the president has to have a span of awareness and control that covers all of the operations of federal government -- it is daunting. into the people he appoints well first of all run with it.

and you should be careful of that and about thinking that balanced rhetoric and saying he has never mind, for example, is going to matter that much if he and hard, right wing agency agents. mr. friedman: it could set us back. mr. gore: that seems to be the direction we're going in. but we are still in the weight-and-c time. i am hopeful. mr. friedman: let's take it one step further. fill in this blank for me. the economic arguments and the arguments.al there are also geopolitical arguments. because china is going down this road whether we go down it or not. control ofng our

what has to be the next great global industry ever, because we won't be able to breathe, by even taking a four-year hiatus, we are ceding economic and geopolitical control to china. what could we tell the president-elect right now. you better understand what the chinese are going to do over this.f you do mr. gore: yes and the world has recognized the amount at stake as the de facto thought leader of the world for a long time now. that mental ised being passed over. i do not think it is passed over. i think we still have advantages we can play, but if we do not choose to lead on the climate see the opportunity in the sustainable revolution, china will do that.

it is a national security issue in the mediterranean. asia, you can see the list. mr. friedman: the pentagon seems to be shocked. mr. gore: totally focused on an and libby make another point on the economic reality. opportunityredible in green infrastructure and job-intensive projects like retrofitting buildings and building the weh-capacity lines that carry solar and wind from the places where it is generated to the cities where it is needed into a variety of other similar projects and that is exactly what the global economy needs now. we have what larry summers and

others have called secular stagnation. others have different labels, than 100 years, the developed countries have had a consumer demand economy with henry ford's aphorism. we have been recycling middle income wages back into a consumer lists economy. -- consumerist economy. the combination of hyper wages totion, flinging lower cost venues and matching them with i.t., the combination of that phenomenon and the introduction of intelligence ato automation which makes fallacy. the long-held assumption which evidence has proven to be true that automation creates more eliminates, the mounting evidence now is that that is probably not going to be true.

no more blue-collar occupation. self-serving cars and trucks. bots. sew-bots. all of the women. they just bought 2 million robots in one industry. a combination of outsourcing and intelligent automation is causing the hollowing out. people know this. at the macroeconomic consequences is that somehow that income has to be replaced if we are going to continue to rely on the consumer demand economy which china is trying to transition into. so, a global project that puts tens of millions and more to work in navigating this sustainability revolution, you

know, it it could actually boost just at theconomy time it is needed and a pleasant -- effect would be mr. friedman and it strengthens our technology. i want to give the audience a chance. fire away. right there. and could you introduce yourself. >> hello. thank you so much for all that you do on behalf of the planet. dan roth. my question is, we all know the ongoing drought we're facing as well of the rest of the world. why are we so slow on the west coast to embrace desalinization planets -- plants when we know they are working in other parts of the world indoor cost effective. it is a shock we continue to deal with what we deal with. will there be any groundbreaking for this kind of movement and

usage? mr. gore: when you say cost-effective, that term needs a definition. simple reason it has not spread more widely is because it is extremely expensive. it requires a lot of energy. however, what we are now seeing with renewable energy is the emergence of zero margin cost. and long segments of time when the demand for consumption of electricity drops off while the production is still high. it may well be that this will -- thehe energy expensive energy requirements of desalinization plants. ofare seeing a huge share electricity -- interesting, there are several utilities in texas now that have introduced a new rate plan because of this zero-margin cost of energy.

your rates go up a little bit during the peak hours of use during the day but from 9:00 p.m. at night until 6 a.m. the next morning, here is the plan. use all you want for free. people go, what? but, that is now a thing. and, it is a growing phenomenon. and adjusting to the concept of zero marginal cost energy is challenging. i amf course we have -- sifting the subject a little but now -- but we have the old fossil fuel burning single station model utilities using their legacy political and economic power to try to hold back this renewable energy naomi callsnd what a strange new form of denial.

the fossil fuel companies out there actively using their puppet front groups to say, this global energy is not going to make any difference. it is strip young pathetic, that.pay any attention to well, actually the global investment in renewables has -toppled six years ago and the gap has been growing year by year. take the case of florida. the sunshine state. the utilities have such a hammerlock on the state government there. bidding, the state government has made it illegal for any homeowner or business owner to lease a solar panel from anyone other than the fossil fuel utilities. in florida. they are behind massachusetts, new jersey, new england in solar

deployment because the old dinosaur legacy model has geopolitical power to stop things. and they are now trying to do that in a lot of other states. but desalinization probably will have a resurgence when it is matched with supplies of renewable energy. mr. friedman: another question back there, please. go ahead. i heard you several years ago in a talk. it has only increased since then. what are your views on the growth of renewable energy in the last seven years, that is when i heard you last and what is your view on fracking? mr. gore: first of all, i am not disappointed in the growth of renewable energy.

it is exploding worldwide. the analogy i have used for several years now is through the cell phone revolution. back around 1980, i was an early adopter of the big, clunky cell phones. i thought they looked so cool. could not wait to show my teddies. now they look so ridiculous. at that time, at&t hired a i have to stop identifying him as a consultant -- they are actually in good humor about it. they would have to figure out how many of those could be sold in the year 2000, 20 years later in the came back and said, good news -- 900,000. when the year 2000 can round, they did sell 900,000. in the first three days of the year. mostly in developing countries that did not have landline telephone service. here's the analogy.

we do not have landline is electricity grids that are worth their salt in most developing countries, so leapfrogging the old model of electricity panels andwith solar windmills, is the same as the old landline technology. it is spreading incredibly rapidly, especially in the developing countries and i did slides but i could sure use some that are truly astonishing. so no, i am not disappointed. i think it is picking up speed and if we're the united states had a new approach to the federal energy regulatory commission, they just did a good thing in allowing energy storage and batteries online to compete but we need to do a lot more to open up competition. if we did, we would make some much money we would win.

we would be tired of winning. [laughter] mr. gort now, on fracking, you know, for many years i was -- mr. gore: now, on fracking. you know for many years i was of the view that fracking is a bridge away from coal and toward renewables. i have modified that view in recent years for a couple reasons. leakage of methane from the compressors and from the pipelines is a significant issues because each molecule molecule of methane on the bases of heat trapping is more than 80 times as powerful as a molecule of co2. you take the 20 having your number, that is what it is. 3%,ou leak one or two or

all of the advantages are wiped out. secondly, the consequences for and the pollution of water supplies are quite real. in oklahoma, you see the earthquakes now that are induced by the reinjection of the water back into the ground. there are many problems associated with it. you can say the last is half full or half empty when the co2 emissions from gas are half that of coal. the problem is the glass of the is already o overfilled. we have to move to a renewable economy. the second, final reason i have begun to change my view is that the massive estimate of this pipeline infrastructure projects

will be amortized over 50 to 75 years, and we need that capital into renewables. this standing rock project is an atrocity. it is an absolute atrocity. and i wish that president obama would step in before there is more violence out there against those -- they call themselves water protectors. this is an embarrassment to our country. all of those promises have been broken for so long using water cannons in subfreezing temperatures. that is inhumane. i got sidetracked here. >> i want to get one more question in. >> a different topic, but one on which i'm sure you have an interesting opinion. college electoral remain the best system by which the american people can elect our people -- our president?

>> even after the supreme court decision in december of 2000, i continue to support the electoral college because one of its original purposes was to tie the states to take -- states together. i have changed my view on that. i do think it should be eliminated. i think moving to a popular vote system is not without perils, at without problems, not simple one choice is all good, the other is all bad. it is a balancing act here but i think the bounce has shifted, in my mind at least. and i think we should go to the popular vote. i think it would stimulate public participation in the democratic process like nothing else we could possibly do. and in the internet age, having people more involved, we've got to get back to harvesting the

wisdom of crowds in the united states. we have to get back to the kind of conversation of democracy that allows good ideas to rise to the surface. we lost that in the television age, even though the internet age is filled with all this junk . it still brings the possibility and real hope of reestablishing the forces of democracy. our democracy has been hacked now. it is pathetic how our system is not working today. and i think that moving to a popular vote for president would be one of the initiatives, getting money about -- getting money out of the process is a difficult challenge. if we can do three or four things to bring our democracy back to life and help us make good decisions again. down? can i turn you >> mr. vice president, thank you for your time.

i think saving our planet is priority one to and -- 1, 2 and three. and it's going to define nations defense policies, form policies, and economic policies. you speak without notes. you speak with passion. resentment what this country did to you. it's time for you to run for the office again. why wouldn't you run for the country if you want to save the planet? >> first of all, thank you for the sentiment. and even though i've said this before, forgive me for repeating it. i am a recovering politician now. and the longer i go without a relapse, the less likely one becomes. it is not likely. but i appreciate the sentiment very much, truly. thank you.

>> that was a great question to end on. thank you all. [applause] >> sunday on book tv, we are hosting a discussio on the pear attack of pearl harbor. on the program, the author of "countdown to pearl harbor." and the author of "japan 1941." and craig nelson for his book "pearl harbor: from anthony to greatness." -- harbor, from infamy to greatness." we are your phone calls, tweets, and email questions come alive from noon to 3:00 m.astern. booktv.org for the complete we can schedule. >> c-span's "washington

journal," live every day with news and policy issues that impact you. coming up this morning, democratic policy committee vice chair talks about the democrat's legislative agenda in the next congress and political messaging and strategy. then, intelligence committee member congressman chris stewart on president-elect trump's emerging national security team and foreign-policy challenges. and "new york magazine" senior editor max read on his article, and whether the internet is a reliable tool for furthering democracy. watch "washington journal," coming up live at 7:00 a.m. eastern this morning. join the discussion. >> now, former homeland security secretary talks about the u.s. preparedness from isis terrorist attacks. this event was hosted by the council on foreign relations.

>> good evening and welcome to this counsel meeting. frankly, i cannot imagine anything more relevant or pressing at this point in time. as a journalist, i very happy to say this meeting is on the record. andcould use it, recorded, i am sure we believe here with more wisdom than we arrived with. if you have a cell phone or personal device, if you could turn if off because the signal interferes with the wireless microphone. that would be fantastic. now, the format as always, i will guide the conversation for the first half hour, and then turn it over to audience questions. the reason the council likes me to moderate is because i spent five years living and recording in the soviet union.

we will be out of here at 7:30 sharp. as always, the council has brought together an absolutely distinguished group of experts today. to my right is michael chertoff, executive chairman and cofounder of the chertoff group. next to him is the director of homeland security and emergency management agency here in the district of columbia. and to my far right, who has a very long and distinguished but nowervice career, the most important thing on her resume, she is a senior fellow on the council of foreign relations. their full bios are but now the most important thing on her in your information packet. i have learned a lot from the military. i have learned that if you have problems understanding the world, divide it into tactical, operational, and strategic.

i would like to begin with technical questions, and that is the date of january 20, which is very soon, the inauguration, the changing of the presidency. again, in the time of isis, our theme today. you can talk about the plan that is underway, what you see is some of the greatest risks, and the what keeps you up in my questions the inauguration. >> it will be 51 days with no sleep. my staff, they joke with me all the time. i have a countdown clock, so i could tell you the hours and minutes and days until the inauguration. this will be an interesting one. we have seen some pretty large inaugurations in the last 10 years. this one will be large as well. we are expecting large crowds. we are planning between 800,000

and 900,000. there are no statistics that we go behind that. we have looked at the inaugurations for president obama from 2009 and 2013 and pick the middle ground and said this would be good for us. so, making sure we have the right things in place to handle that kind of crowd is one thing. the other is that we have a lot of folks who want to express their first amendment rights. we do that. we are here for folks to do that. we are used to doing it here and we expect to have quite a bit of that happen on the 20th of this year, and afterwards as well, leading up to, during, and after. some of those crowd control measures can keep me up at night, making sure that we give everybody their opportunity to express their first amendment rights and keep it peaceful and keep those that they want to get across in

a peaceful manner for everybody to deal with. the 20th is the day we inaugurate a president, and that is a very important thing for a democracy, for our nation. that peaceful transfer of power is what we are doing it for. making sure we have a peaceful transition of power. >> the physical security, any of of us have ever witnessed. describe a little bit of the invisible that you are doing. invisible intelligence gathering, that kind of thing in the age of isis. >> here in the district of columbia we work closely with local and federal and state that live here. the 51st state that will be the restrictive columbia. columbia.trict of

we have to share a very good relationship with our partners. sharing information. doing joint threat assessment. so, getting information from the fbi or from the dhs or from the military. we do not have that issue here. we share a very good relationship to share information. likewise, and social media is a huge aspect for us. going through social media and understanding the things that are going to happen or could happen. working with organizers of those groups to have a better plan, so we have executed that already. just last week on wednesday i sat down with a group and looking at all of those things, sharing that information, working with our partners from the national park service is and the fbi and secret service, all

of the entities that are here that sort of protective our metropolitan area it is a good workg relationship. >> i am curious. in hindsight, if you can look back at your years as secretary, correct me if i'm wrong but i recall there was one inauguration a specific threat from overseas that was quite worrisome. can you give us a little history lesson. >> in 2008 we were coming up on the first inauguration that was going to occur where we would be changing administrations after september 11. we were acutely aware of the issues posed by terrorists trying to take advantage of the handoff. we also knew after the election we're going to have the first african-american president. we had actually started to

arrange protection early on. we knew it would excite a lot of crowds. we did not know if it would incite any bad behavior, so we spent an enormous amount of time with the districts, with the surrounding counties at the federal and state and local level. working with all the elements that include issues like traffic management, how to know if there has to be an evacuation order is clear, how do you manage crowd control and flow and not have people become excited or aggravated or frustrated. all of that was part of the planning. in fact, i offered successor, i said, i will stay throughout the day so that at 1:00 in the afternoon you don't have to suddenly get cap on the shoulder and told you are in the middle of event you better leave the

reviewing stand and head over to the operations center. she and the incoming president agreed. as it happens, there was a reasonably credible and specific threat, the informaton came in form overseas. we monitored it for a couple of days, checked a few things out, looked at a few people. happily, at about 1:00 in the afternoon i got the word that it was totally washed out. nothing to worry about. but that is a kind of thing we have to be worried about. not only terrorism threats but dealing with large crowds of it with emotionally amped up people. >> we were talking before about the credible challenge of the self radicalized factor. you talked about the threat from overseas. 9/11. the man and the woman becoming self-radicalized without leaving any evidence or indication anywhere. how are we going to combat that? we are going to be more than

just lucky. but we are going to be good at catching them. >> let me begin by saying i divide security after 9/11 into three periods. largely al qaeda, focused on large, complicated, high-profile plots to some degree. they vetted the people in the plots to make sure they were fully committed and reliable. there was a lot of global activity. planning, communications, people. we configured our intelligence apparatus to patch those and by looking for the signatures that you get when you have a lot of movement from one country to

another. it worked quite well. we have not had a successful large-scale terrorist attack since september 11. some of you know that in 2006 there was a plot to blow up about 10 airliners coming from heathrow airport. there was a liquid bomb plot. now you see 2.0 on a smaller scale. smaller group plot, they are planned but not as elaborate. they involve low-th bombs and guns. we sign in mumbai in 2008 and we saw it iparis last year. these are low signature, they are not no-signature. they are having some criminal or fire association but the focus is on the local community awareness. members of the community. the third group is 3.0 what some people call the lone wolf. the inspired or directed individual. they declare themselves on

youtube. in the middle of carrying out an attack. many of these people are disturbed. it is a psychological issue. that's where family members and mental health officials are more likely to see something. you look at the orlando shooter, i gather his coworkers complained about him before he actually wind it up carrying out and attack. part of what we need to do is we need to tune ourselves not just into the big cia intelligence community type of focus, but the community policing, local official community members, teachers and we need to construct a way for these people to raise their hand and over us when an intervention is needed. sometimes it needs to be something other than a criminal investigation. the hardest thing has got to be

for parents whose child looks like the kid is getting crazy. it does happen. the underwear bomber's father went and reported his son's radicalization to the state department. somehow that got lost. is there a way to do this for a responsible group to intervene before it is someone has to go to jail situation. maybe redirect a person who is heading down a dangerous path. >> what are the tools that you would use to combat this problem right now? >> what the secretary is talking about is at the heart of it. we are looking at 15 years after 9/11 when we have learned quite a bit about how somebody gets radicalized. i push back on the terminology of lone wolf.

it implies there is nothing we can do. it just happens. we remove ourselves from the process of what is happening. but what secretary chertoff said is correct. what happens in the community matters. it is not just in one city or one suburb. we need to be looking at domestic with all 50 states and going all in. we as a country need to prepare ourselves and even though the numbers are small of people who get radicalized in this way for these kinds of terrorist groups compared to other threats we face, clearly the numbers are not the same but the impact is very different. and i think what we have to do is think about, are we executing an awareness on the ideological side that means every part of

the community is applying itself in the best way they know how. have we given the schoolteachers the information they need to understand what is happening in their classrooms, to understand these issues, to give counsel when needed and to help parents when needed. have we provided the kind of infrastructure we need. an outlet for them to go to that is not 9-1-1. not the police immunity. i we understand what is happening with nonprofit organizations and community groups that actually really care about protecting young people and have really great ideas on how to fortify and build resilience? have we given these nonprofits the kinds of things they need to be able to execute the way they need to? what we know 15 years after 9/11 is a government, as important as it is, cannot be that credible actor in the community to actually stop that 16-year-old boy or girl from moving down the pathway that moves them towards an isis-like organization.

what do we do in between? i would argue that if we create a comprehensive approach, not just look at cities that could be problematic, but all 50 states. going in with the kind of money we need to get it. learning from the kinds of things we have seen, whether it is in paris or orlando. what did not work? where are the black holes and how do we build them? we have never gone about a domestic security plan that has all of those elements -- and here's what's important -- at scale. there are one-offs everywhere but we've not been able because we have not had the money and we have not had the kind of leadership from both community and government to say, this is what we need and this is a threat we have to deal with. my view is that these solutions are available and they are

affordable. >> but there is a dynamic tension that is always there. the government, the money, the leadership. in these communities, the secretary of homeland security, they also the fbi or the police are monitoring them. taking away from that tension. i would love to your your thoughts on that. also the ethnical region in terms of significance. drag so, there is one piece that has to be included in law enforcement and clearly that is needed. for groups like isis that is preying upon muslim youth, let us remember there are only 6 million muslims in america and that number will double by 2030. these young kids that are growing up in an environment that moves them into an us and them type mentality in the last few years. we have a responsibility as americans to help other american young people get protected from ideology that is coming from the outside and that is growing within.

this isn't because we haven't paid attention to this. it is because we have not been able to -- everybody knows local communities can make a difference. i asked the question great, how are you helping muslims do that? you expect moms and dads who have jobs to come home at night and patrol what is going on? you expect community groups to do this to do the job we want them to do when there is no money for them to get paid? if we are really serious about protecting our communities we have to make the infrastructure so that the young people are protected. and the community groups that have credibility can do what they know they need to do.

>> in the national capital region what are you doing along these lines and what do you need? >> from a district perspective, having done this job for five years, this is a very big issue in the muslim community that we are talking about. when you look at the country writ large and you look in our big cities across the nation right now, violence is growing so much and so fast. when we looked at the overarching issue, not just in terms of domestic preparedness, we look at it just not in the terms but also how do we provide the teams of different services and different agencies that will go into communities when we feel there is an issue. maybe we feel there is an issue from the radicalization perspective but more along the lines of when violence happens, how do we engage that in

communities for the cycle of the violence. there will be a shooting when the family of the victim will become radicalized to go and commit more violence. so here in the city, under our former chief of police and our current chief of police, we put a team together from all the sides to go in with the families on both sides. the perpetrator and the victim and the mental health and the law enforcement side to work with them and stem the violence. so it does not continue. those kinds of targets i think are what we are looking at for the overarching issue. when we talk about the money in cities there is not all that money for all the different services. we have to look at how do we take things that are working for one solution and broaden that so it is not just a little bit so it works for multiple solutions. we do the same thing within our

muslim community, african community, and hispanic community here. you don't have to go back so far to get to the ms 13 days and we fight a lot to keep that from coming back here. it is looking at how do you provide those full-circle services in those agencies working as a team within those communities. you have the understanding this is the initiative. >> we are emerging from a very difficult election. i am nonpartisan. you cannot separate from the rhetoric that was heard across the nation. building a wall, a muslim registry. what country are you from? the threat of sharia. some have even said that islam is not a religion. how does this make your job more

difficult and what should be done now to leave this country to a place where it is not so polarized? because i can just imagine how this is falling on the ears of 16-year-olds. >> i would say the ideology that matters is this idea that these cumulative extremism's only make an impact if it changes the eve those of where relive. if a young american kid grows up and thinks of themselves as the other. religion, race, heritage, whatever that other happens to be. it is adding to the crisis of identity. what we know about these groups, we know that young muslims who have grown up in a post-9/11 world are undergoing a crisis of identity. that is the beginning point of them trying to to find out how to be more uber muslim, whatever that means. it makes a difference in my work in a big way that our country

stands up for who we are, that we demonstrate that there is no us and them, that everybody has rights under all the things we know under our constitution. that will add value to my that will add value to my ability and the work i do to stop young kids from being recruited. it tells us who we are as americans. another question is what can we all do? i will not be pollyanna to this crowd and say can't we all just be friends? i will say that we have to do that in our local communities. we have to reach out to the other. what is happening here at home impacts how we are perceived abroad.

there is no distinction between the radicalization of the young kids, the ideology that is spread globally creates a conflict. if you are in a countrthat looks back and said you americans are not respectful of christianity or judaism or whatever somebody of a different race or creed, how that us and them narrative is alive and well and they will begin to move in a direction we don't want them to move into. because it just builds the movement that will make a difference to us here at home. >> do you want to answer that question? >> i agree. overstating it as a whole religion or whole ethnic group as an enemy plays into the hands. therefore you want to be in a different place with your own

people. with muslims, we are seeing the rise of identity nationalism around the world now. specifically in europe and the united states. in many cases you see the same argument. the argument is you have to defend your kin against this enemy, whoever it is. it is pernicious. i agree that at the local level as you get to know people who are not -- studies show and personal experience shows that tends to create a sense, without being pollyanish, i remember after 9/11, president bush said we will bring the perpetrators to justice, and over the trade center remains, and go to a mosque and say, we are not at war with islam. we are at war with a certain group and that is what we are

going to focus on. i think that was important to hear from a leader to make that distinction. i think our leaders are really going to bring our country together and begin to reduce the conditions that promote violence. we need to start sending that message out. >> as someone with your fingertips on the national capital region you have seen the rhetoric of the campaign? is it changing the mood, affecting your job and making it more difficult? >> absolutely. it's hard not to see that across the nation. a lot of folks came off of this with questions of what now, with today? i think the president came out with a great speech. that said, you know, what comes up today is going to come up tomorrow. and that is, again, great rhetoric and a great speech to

put out there. i will go back to my boss, my mayor, our slogan is "we are d.c." right? we are a community. we are a group of folks who share a common bond whenever there is a an emergency. when things happened last year, we are a community whenever we have disasters, our thing is we are neighbors. now it is your time to go and check your neighbor. does he or she need help shoveling their walk, or do they have the things they need. do they have power? that sense of coming together as americans, it neighbors. helping those right next to us. that's really what we need to do is to say, we had an election but i am lucky enough to still have the secretary as a resident here in the district so i want to make sure we are still doing the right thing for him as a district no matter where he voted or what his political views were.

it has created anxiety and the hope set folks can say this is my neighborhood and we will go on and the sun will come up tomorrow. we will go through this with a peaceful transition of power. i will express my views for or against or protest or whatever you want to call it. that is what makes this country great. at the end of the day we are all still americans. and we go home from that day, all of this. >> i will close this with the question on my mind recently. i remember speaking to then as -- then-defense secretary rumsfeld. just because rumsfeld said something does not automatically make it wrong. and this is something where he was incredibly insightful. i covered his confirmation hearing. he had to remind people that the word "afghanistan" had not come up once in 2001.

i would ask our three experts, what is the problem that is around the corner for this president which has not even been uttered yet because we are not speaking around the corner? >> i think about the demographics, nearly a billion muslims are under the age of 30. i think about what happens after isis. we know what they stand for. there will be something after isis and it will be manifested in a way we cannot yet imagine. what i think about around the corner is what that thing is and are we prepared ideologically. for the war we have yet to fight. >> is so, you have a great answer on that one. that is actually where my thoughts were on that.

you know, with the size of the population of the muslims overall, we need to look at it as much as we need to as our community. what is around the corner with them, my hope is what is run the corners that we can actually take the lessons we've learned and not repeat the mistakes that we have made and be able to have the 3.0 as the secretary was talking about be much less of an issue here in this country or around the world then it has been. but i do think that the ability for the world to view crisis management needs to improve so that we can at least be better. sec. chertoff: i was astonished. i was going to say demographics, too. i will add an additional twist to it. i think an area we have not thought about is latin america. the things that pop up.

there has been an uptick in mass migration. it is really not mexico. parts of central america which is almost ungoverned. you send back ms 13, we send back gangsters, and they wind up not being properly controlled. and you have people fleeing that. plus, there's good news out of columbia, the peace agreement. brazil, though, is now reeling from corruption scandals. we are not clear what venezuela is going to do. if people are in fear for their lives, they're going to run. i don't care how big the wall is. if someone has got a gone on gun on your- a back, you are going to go over that wall. not only for weak states like africa and the middle east --

thom: just a quick aside from the chair -- he did not create the word, but he popularized the phrase "convergence," which is the coming together of all of these issues in latin america. and there was the foreign terrorist threat making common cause with the cartels. in this demographic. mr. chertoff: well, we had a little bit of that with farc, when we issued the first indictment where they started out as a terrorist group and they started charging protection for drug dealers, and ultimately started working with them. i think in many ways, transnational groups are as much a threat to governments as terrorist groups. if you go to parts of mexico, you will see groups that literally control the government. it is only a short distance away before a gangster says, i am not a gangster. i'm a political leader. and they come up with some half-baked ideology for what they are doing. the whole issue of transnational organized crime, transnational terrorism, nonstate actors are increasingly able to leverage -- with technology, communication,

and money, i think that is the next big security challenge. it addresses a different set of issues in addition to what we are dealing with when we are dealing with nationstate actors. although, i might add, with russia and china, we still have to deal with those issues, too. thom: at this point, i would like to invite the audience. keep your question short. there are so many here. i do remind everybody, this is on the record. kim: kim dozier with "the daily beast." so i am going to start with a little bit of an obnoxious question. we've of heard some great ideas here tonight about sending teams into the communities after an incident, and outreach to communities to make them feel at least part of the fabric of the american culture.

in eight years of the obama administration, what is the main obstacle from keeping this from happening? ms. pandith: is it all right to jump in? we are at the end of the obama administration, where there is a process. process within the interagency to actually look at the ideological peace, and it is run out of dhs, and that is where it should be run. you have an a report for secretary johnson that talks about how much money we need to have a domestic plan about fighting isis. that is $100 million we are asking for in the next fiscal year. it took us some time to get to this place where we are able to talk about the ideological side. the downside over what happened in the last eight years is it took three years for anyone to begin to talk about the ideological component. everybody started off thinking it's all about hard power. it's not about soft power. we have moved that direction. here is the final point. i think the biggest problem, it is going to be a huge one for

the next president, is the soft power tools that we have in our toolbox, the war of ideas that was part of 2006 national security strategy that came out of the bush administration defined countering violent extremism as a war of ideas, the soft power piece, everything that is not connected. and somehow in this last eight years, everybody believes cve is everything from building a school to watching the weather to police force. we have mixed everything all up. so, in my view the weakness is how you get the actors who need to be able to do cve to do it in the pure form as we began it and what we understood needed to be done and get them to do what needs to be done with the money that i hope comes from congress to allow dhs to move it forward from the community engagement

division within dhs. mr. chertoff: the one thing i would add to that -- you always have to wait for the federal government, and you have to get each community, state, locality has to have its own plan about how it will deal with this. far too often there is justifiable criticism that everybody talks about these issues are waiting for the president and congress to act. you do not have to wait. this is not an area where you are invading the prerogative of the federal government. and frankly, i think, using the states as a laboratory for what works can create a model for the other states can then adopt. thom: there has to be follow-up and sustainability. the cairo speech that president obama gave, there is one of obama's finest pieces of rhetoric, a use that as capital r rhetoric. when you look at specific promises that were made and specific deliverables there were, i think you have to give

them a very poor rating. mr. chertoff: having run the department, which was all about implementation, speeches are great, but that is not the end of the story. that is the beginning. mr. geldart: that is right. we did it at the local level because we wanted to keep our crime rate down, right? so we put something in place that was expensive for the city and we looked at that and we said, you know what? we can expand on this and we can take it into other areas. to go and counter violent extremism. you go right across the border to montgomery county, they are doing something a little bit different. exchanging those ideas and saying this is kind of working there and this is kind of working here, that think tank of how you share ideas but up to the policy level to say, ok, here is a set of tools that can be used across the nation. so like areas like the district of columbia, other cities, l.a., new york, other cities like

that, can look at that and say, ok, how do i take what they did and adapt it? because that is what needs to be done. it is not a one-size-fits-all. it's not going to work the same way across the country. ms. pandith: i would add just one more thing. i think there has not been a vision to understand all of the elements of going all in. we have been looking at the threat from the lens -- and we are talking domestic now -- of dhs, which is an important lens, but there are other departments and agencies in our government that have a role to play. hhs, department of education, i could list others. it took a long time for us to get to a place where we could talk about integration. and that has been a failure in my view. in addition, there is this idea about what is possible. we are the most innovative nation in the world, and we have not applied ourselves to this issue with the kind of resilience and innovation we can. why aren't we scaling up what we already know? it is absurd that we are even having this conversation. we know what needs to be done.

so, one of the failures, i think, has been, in my view, the vision and secondly the professionalization. ok? the kinds of actors in our government, most of whom are wonderful former colleagues. their heart is in this. they need to do this. but not all of them have the skill set to do the things that need to be done on and off-line. when i think about what we need to do to build the kind of plan domestically to stop the vast majority of young muslims from finding this ideology appealing, we are not even beginning to build that plan out. the way we really should. mr. chertoff: you raise something that has triggered in my mind. we are great at spending time inventing things like pokemon go and we have all of the social media that can micro target ads. why can't the people who are doing this start to think about, how do we, when certain kinds of behaviors are occurring online, why can't we put in ads or

to next equal to things that broaden their apertures? one of the complaints now as you are living in your own world where you only deal with the like-minded. what if the ads, instead of just selling new stuff, try to give you connections with perspectives that were a little broader? it would be worth thinking about. thom: question on the side of the room? anybody? sir, please. greg: i'm greg from the national intelligence also. i get paid to be a contrarian so let me ask a contrarian question. if you look at isil domestically in numbers, it is trivial. but people are scared. if you look at the polls, people are scared well beyond what i think most of us would say is reasonable. let's suggest we have over time, we have hyped the threat, or our

leaders are not doing a good enough job of putting this thread in broader perspective? mr. chertoff: i have a theory about that. you have to balance between acknowledging the threat and not overreacting. i do not know that there has been overreaction on the part of the current administration, but i think there has been may be a lack of acknowledgment. a little bit of a tendency to say, "we killed bin laden game , over, nothing more to see here." i think when people hear that from the government and then they see things in the news that -- even if it is relatively small -- that suggest there is still a threat, they begin to doubt that the government is being serious. i think the challenge here is you have to acknowledge there is a threat. you have to put it into perspective, but you cannot minimize it or say it is over. that is a tough balancing act, but i do think that the worst thing that can happen is losing

credibility. and, it is a little bit equivalent of what president bush got criticized for that banner "mission accomplished." if you say there is no problem anymore and then a problem arises -- mr. geldart: president bush also described -- thom: president bush also described al qaeda as an existential threat when they did something that violated our fundamental principles. mr. chertoff: i think what he meant at the time, when we went into afghanistan, you know we found labs. these guys were trying to come up with chemical and biological weapons, and had they done so, there were potential issues out there that would have been escalated. -- existential. and you remember the anthrax

attacks which did not come from al qaeda, but was a pretty clear reminder of what was capable of there. i do think we dialed back that quite a bit in the last eight, 12, 13 in years. a credit to both administrations working together. you could argue maybe it was a slightly -- but i will try you the interesting thing is is. i think if you slightly overreact, it is actually helpful. you don't have to go to wait too far. i think if you are under react, it is actually harmful. betsy: i am betsy with the naval postgraduate school. chris, i want to thank you for knowing you're going to take care of these kids coming in on the 21st. my family is coming in from berkeley, and all of their friends are flying in. i want to make sure they will be well protected. mr. geldart: my mom signed up, too. [laughter]

betsy: i have a sense, and my assumption is it is diminishing because the attendance and in church is dropping. i know myself, there are so many demands on our time. i don't know the people that live on our block. it embarrasses me. but i know it would take time to do it. it seems to me that if we had leadership from the top talking about the importance of community, that it is something we all need to getting gauged -- to get engaged in, it would be a really useful thing to do. and for you, mr. secretary, how would you reorganize your department if you were the new secretary today? mr. chertoff: first of all, i think reorganizations are always painful and costly and i probably would not. i would say what i would do, and i think secretary johnson is doing this, is build more of a of jointness. i do think is the department

-- opportunity with the major moving parts has improved, and that is really where i would focus my time. mr. geldart: i will take the community one on for a second and say i agree with you. i see that as well, and it is is just the churches, but it the city organizations -- across the board. i mean, there's all of these groups that i grew up with that nowadays when you talk to folks, about memberships, and people being engaged and involved, the numbers do come down. i think really for us here, and this is what we try to do here in d.c., in the city because there's a lot of people who come and go, we are a community. and the mayor can get up there and say, "we need to increase community engagement." i go to probably three community meetings a week to be engaged. some of those are in my own community that i go to is a

as a resident and not to get yelled at by folks who do not like what we're doing. but really, that impetus is on us. it is on everybody sitting in this room. you go back to president not what your country has done for you," well, ask not what your city has done for you. i take that seriously. my wife and i, before i came here, we went and talked to neighbors on our street. we were on a first name basis. we went and helped them out. we help them. that is what it takes. it is individuals just engaging with your community where you are. so i won't wait for the president or somebody. i want to do it just on my block. thom: yes? kevin: kevin sheehan from

multiply or capital. i would like to take the analysis of some of the worst cases of domestic terrorism like the chelsea bomber. we had a troubled young person and they were not in the criminal justice is in, there is no basis for enhanced surveillance, there was no evidence for providing material support for terrorism. how might government organized groups, community, religious groups, or other groups -- i guess the best term is in intervention of some kind -- at the point that it might be meaningful? ms. pandith: the first part obviously is education and understanding how someone gets radicalized. we have so little information in the public domain that people are observing. it is there but people are not absorbing it, ok? so we need to make it user friendly. to understand radicalized. what is happening in the human mind. the human mind does not mature until the age of 24. there is a lot that goes on

between the age of 0 and 24 that we have to understand across the board. it has taken our nation a long look at other illnesses that have to do with the human mind and make it acceptable to talk about. we are not there on the issues of extremism, we need to get there, and it means we have to normalize the conversation and that is what i meant by making the tools available for parents or for teachers to understand and to broaden this out and to bring the mental health experts onto the table. the second piece of it is -- what do you do then? you see a young person who might be moving in that direction that needs the kind of help that we might need. i go back to what i said about putting it together for secretary johnson. we would like to see american hospitals get involved in this issue in a way that maximizes our research and our understanding of adolescent child mind behavior and integrate it with the community

so that there are places within the communities that we have the expertise alongside a safe space in which a child can go. there is, and my final point, there is nowhere in the world that is the center for extremism vis-à-vis the human mind. there are places that, god forbid, if your child has a depression or bulimia or name another illness that might be out there that you know, the leading place in the world to go get help on that is switzerland or houston or wherever it happens to be. where is the leading medical center in the world for a young child that begins to gravitate find sympathy toward place like isis? it does not exist. it needs to exist. thom: yes, please. metinino withmetheny

human rights first. all three of you agreed that the kind of rhetoric that we heard during the campaign, the exclusionary kind of rhetoric, us versus them, the muslim registry, was making our jobs more difficult and increases the attractiveness of groups like isis for some young people. we know this administration coming into office and we've seen already some of the people who are being considered safe for secretary of homeland security have very specific plans to kind of operationalize some of that rhetoric. what can we do as we kind of watch this unfold? to counter that. to counter message that in a way that can deprive our enemies of advantages they might gain from that kind of rhetoric? [laughter]

mr. chertoff: first of all, i would say there are a range of things said about various issues like the wall or registries. depending on the day of the week, it can be very different. you can pick what you think is going to be operative. but honestly, especially with all of the complaints about the system about how slow it is and clunky, the framers in their genius designed the system that way. it does limit your ability to do really extreme things. speaking of the wall, we already have 600 miles of fence. it took a long time to do, and we did it in years. it, not yearsd do like a mountain range where it does not make any sense. i look at some of these things, and i think it's very unlikely they will be carried out. however, i do agree the message has to be counteracted. i think the only way to do it is

to have people write and speak and act in a way that counters the message, because it is all done at a micro level at the community level. the speech you find is good, but people, i think, react more to the individual interaction. than they do a kind of speech. so, i am hopeful -- i think most americans, if you ask, did not sign on to the most extreme version of the rhetoric. i think as things settle down, as emotions cool, the space for more measured tone will be present. thom: yes, ma'am. april: april wells, department of state. thank you all for your comments. particularly online in general chat rooms, dating sites, other social media feeds, but perhaps elsewhere, the role of the private sector in combating extremism, radicalization has become a news item.

whether in san bernardino or elsewhere. the private sector has been concerned with a slippery slope, associated with getting involved in government. i wonder if you have any specific asks that you would make that the private sector and public corporation that the private sector might be able to get on board for? mr. chertoff: i believe in the first amendment. i do not think the government ought to tell people what they should say and do, however, i think there is a space where the government can provide information, assistance, and suggestions that does not impose on the first amendment. maybe we get overly nervous sometimes that if media platforms do anything directive at all, somehow that is violating some principle, and to be honest with you, even my own thought process is changing.

but many platforms are spending an enormous amount of time and effort selling you stuff. they have no problem directing you or incentivizing you to click on things, which they get paid for. that is just to make money. how about public spirited people , without being told they had to but being encouraged, what if they begin to use the resources to see if they could direct people away from extremist behavior and extremist thought? you could argue there are some things, when you get to actual incitement, you can shut it down, you shut it down. but are there ways to blunt some of the messaging by using some of the same skills? to me, this is well worth thinking about. the private sector has a public spirited element as well. but they also have their own

long-term self-interest, and one thing they do not want to do is cook the goose that laid the golden egg. ms. pandith: a couple things. i feel like i paid you to ask that question behind the scenes. i am quite passionate. i want to say a couple of things with regarding to the private sector. you are specifically talking about the technology sector. i want to be super clear and make sure everybody remembers -- people do not get radicalized in only one way. it is an online and off-line thing that happens. i think the idea that you just go to your smartphone and you watch something, and boom, these switches are thrown in the other direction are false. something is happening to that person outside. and something is happening on that person's smartphone. the issue of where the private sector broadly can make a difference. certainly everything the secretary just said about

expertise that can help move people in a different direction. it provides content at a new pace, to do a lot of other things with the algorithm, to change the nature of the experience for young people. but there's something else that the private sector outside of those things we never talk about, and i want to use the opportunity to mention. the first is government money to work on issues to counter violent extremism comes with optics that are very hard for nonprofits to bear. when a nonprofit takes u.s. government money, there's the idea that the government is telling me what to do. the most credible money comes from the community, a community of individuals and philanthropists, as well as a business that says, boy, we need stable and safe communities and we are going to put our money where our mouth is and we are going to help. the same way we fight poverty, the same way we fight hiv, the same way we invest in a host of

other human problems. this is a human problem. so, the private sector has not paid attention to this issue in a way that allows them to think about this differently and give their money and their expertise to it in a different way. and the final point is, i think the most important. this issue of people getting radicalized and moving toward a group like isis is a community problem. ok? this is not just the muslim problem. this is not just a law enforcement problem. this is our problem, which means all of us have solutions there. and i think there is great hope and great promise in the private sector in the united states of america that can make a difference with small businesses as well as global corporations that can activate, the way we activated around hiv-aids, because it took everybody in the community over 25 years to put their attention to that disease so that in 25 years, we were in

a very different place. i leave you with the question -- what happens if the private sector applies itself to this issue in the same way. mr. geldart: going from the strategic to the tactical -- i will give the tactical example. i meet with many of the community, many of the private sector organizations in columbia , places that own large properties. i usually go there preceded by or followed by some active shooter training or something like that. my message to them from a tactical perspective is all of these people are in our community. eight hours of those days, they are in your community. you should know them just as as anybody better else in the community. engage with people. know what is going on with your coworkers. we are in a world now where we

are disassociated from people because of the ability to go online and do other things like that. know who is working for you. know what they are doing. have managers and leaders in your organization understand, where are the people in your organization? what are they thinking? know your people. that's the bottom line. if you know your people, you can identify these things early before they become larger problems. so, sticking with the tactical side of this, which i will gladly pull up that end of it, as i talked to groups, before we get to an active shooter situation, you should have known this person had a propensity to perhaps go that direction. if we are being good managers, good leaders, and good community stewards in our own workplace, you should be able to see it. thom: thank you. we only have 90 seconds left, and i promised to end on time. i have three gigantic thank you's.

thank you to all of you for being here, thank you for the counsel for hosting this. this is a very educational and intriguing discussion, and most of all, to our three experts -- thank you all. [applause] [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2016] [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. visit ncicap.org]

obamast lady michelle welcomes military families to the white house for a tour of the 2016 holiday decorations. she thanked them for their sacrifices and service to the country. [applause]

mrs. obama: hi, everybody. look how good you guys look. are you ready for some action? are you sure? they found my data not want cookies or anything like that. -- wantsound like they do not any cookies or anything like that. we will get to it. i want to welcome everybody to the white house. i want to start by thanking hazel for that wonderful introduction and all of her service and hard work in helping to make this home so beautiful. i want to give a huge thank you to all of the volunteers, as hazel mentioned, who travel here from 33 states, d.c., and puerto come here and put up these beautiful decorations and transform this white house into this holiday wonderland. i am so grateful to you all. celebrate my family's last holiday season in the white

i am thinking back to when we first came here to washington, and we promised to open up this house to as many people from as many backgrounds as possible. we truly wanted to make the white house the people's house, particularly during the holiday 80son, and over the past years, through the seasons, we worked hard to achieve that goal by welcoming almost a half million guests to this house during the season, and thanks to our amazing volunteers, we have adorned the white house with about a half million ornaments for our guests to enjoy, and we brought smiles to the faces of all of those who enjoy the 200,000 holiday cookies prepared by our outstanding pastry chefs. and you all will get to have some more of those today. that will make 200,020 or so.

looking back, i am proud to say that we do our very best during our holidays to make americans of all backgrounds and walks of life feel comfortable and welcome here in our nation's house. and we do all of this with the help of our extraordinary staff. i mean, yes, we have wonderful volunteers, but we have folks who each year take a very limited budget and very little resources, and they make miracles happen in this house. holidayur final preview, i want to take a moment to highlight just a few amazing folks who have worked tirelessly behind the scenes -- and i do not know if they know i am calling them out -- i do not know if there even in the room, but i want to start with bisha dyer, who is our social secretary. there you are. [applause]

mrs. obama: thank you, deesha. you will see chris mortensen and susie, i want to thank them both as well as all of the chefs and staff in the kitchen who work so hard to make everything possible to make these holidays terrific. i want to thank all of our ushers, who never get credit. i know they are around here working away, but they are the people who greet you and who make sure things are moving like they should in this house. our florists, who are tremendous. and i rarely get to thank our electricians, our carpenters, because they make sure the chandeliers are moved and structures are built so that we can put things on them, and they do this in a matter of days. they turn things upside down. -- youour calligraphers will see all of their handiwork throughout this, the ornaments.

ourso always want to thank incredible marine band, who you hear from throughout the season, my husband was the favorite musical crew are his own -- my husband's favorite musical crew are his own marine band. this is possible because of these people, and on behalf of the entire obama family, me, o, and, melia, sasha, b sunny, we are grateful for everything you have done for us over the years, so let's give them a round of applause. [applause] mrs. obama: so before i get choked up, let me officially kick off our final white house holiday season, and as always today, we are celebrated with our extraordinary community

military community, we have our servicemembers, veterans, wounded warriors, we have our military spouses -- [applause] mrs. obama: you go, spouses. and of course we have our outstanding, handsome, beautiful, smart, talented, engaging military kids. are there any here? [laughter] mrs. obama: oh, here they are. let's give them all a round of applause. [applause] past eight years celebrating the holidays and having you all be the first set see the decorations -- this has been one of our favorite white house traditions. it reminds us that between all the shopping list and the travel plans and all of the big meals, that we cannot forget what the holidays are really about, and you all help us. our military families, like all of you, remind us of what matters, because even as you serve this country in uniform, or you hold everything together here at home as a military

spouse, or you prepare to attend another new school as a military one-- and there is that back there talking about i don't know what -- [laughter] mrs. obama: but there is a little one back there who has a lot to say. but you all still find time to contribute even more to your communities into this country. you do it all. you volunteer a local food banks, you coach your kid's sport teams on the weekends, many of you even cut your holiday short to come here and decorate the white house. just another example -- we have hazel up here -- but one of our volunteers, jacqueline james, she is from california. is jacqueline here? she is probably still working for her we will do another reception for our volunteers later. let me tell you about jacqueline. during her husband's 22 years in the army, she and her family

spent the holidays in five different states, and even on a base overseas. during that time, they managed to raise seven kids, and just two weeks ago, they celebrated the birth of their 15th grandchild. service toamily's this country did not end one jacqueline's husband retired. they watched two of their sons do tours both in iraq and afghanistan. and even though jacqueline does not consider herself the most artistic decorator, she volunteered at the white house this year because, and this is what she said, "is patriotism is an art," she said, "then i am a master." it is that kind of commitment to others. that is what the holidays are truly about, and that is what we honor with our holiday decoration every year at the white house. and this year's holiday theme is "the gift of the holidays," and as usual, we will be celebrating our country's greatest gifts

with special decorations celebrating our military families. down in the booksellers when you walk in, the visitors that come will see a tree and a flag display composed of pictures of military families who my husband and i have met on basis and in communities around the world during our course of time here. the tree is on with ornaments honoring our greatest heroes, the men and women who have given their lives for this country, and right next to the display is an ipad section, for guests to send messages to our servicemembers them and we are hoping that each of the 68,000 guests that are going to visit during the holiday season will take a moment to pause and send a message to express their gratitude. after that, they will move on to a number of other

decorations that celebrate the .ifts we share as a nation for example, in the library, we are honoring the gift of a great education -- which is important, right? school, college, olivet. and we have trees in the library made of crayons and pencils. you have to check that out if you have not already. it will raise awareness about the millions of adolescent girls around the world were not able school.d we have two trees that are decorated with special ornaments, each of which has the word "girl" written in one of a dozen different linkages. languages. a -- then we head upstairs, they will see the green room filled with decorations and gives provided by our white house kitchen shape. ornaments in the of bees and fruit and of course -- in the shape of these and fruit. and of course next-door, we have

our 19-foot christmas tree -- it is big. that is in our blue room. they had to take up a chandelier just to put it in the house. then you will spot the official white house gingerbread house. when you see it, guys, everything on it is something you can eat, and our pastry chefs have worked very hard to make it possible. it is beautiful. they have a replica of the new white house garden and bo and sunny and lots of cool stuff. the trees in that room -- there are 56 lego gingerbread houses representing every state and territory in america. and then somewhere around the house, we have supersize replicas of bo and sunny guarding their presents -- because we do not let them have their presents. [laughter] mrs. obama: i am just getting. they get presents. they are fine. all of the guests who come

through these holes over the next few weeks we'll see about -- how many ornaments do you think are in this house -- all of the guests who come through these halls over the next few weeks will see about -- how many ornaments do you think are in this house? six? 100? getting closer. 9000? let me tell you -- it is 70,000 ornaments. i was pretty shocked at that. we cannot wait -- that is a lot of ornaments. but we cannot wait to start welcoming people into their white house this holiday season. and to everyone who created these stunning displays, all of our volunteers come all of the folks who helped make this happen, i want to once again say thank you. you all did a phenomenal job once again in turning this house into a magical place. and to all of the military families, those of you who are here today, and all of those around the world, i want to once again honor you for your service

and your sacrifice and your love of this nation. it is a love that my family and i share along with you. it has been such a complete thisure to support you in time, so i want to wish everyone a happy, healthy holiday season, all right? and with that, we get to have some fun, ok? --t talking to the kids here you guys don't get to have fun, but here is what you get, we will take your children from you for a moment? [applause] mrs. obama: don't apply to too loudly.plaud they are here, they can hear you. cider andjoy some cookies. you can come with me. we have prizes in the back. your parents will be here. we will try to bring the back in one piece. i cannot guarantee that they will be neat.

of it is washable. are you guys ready to come and join me? you guys, thank you very much. come to the white house. it is really cool. take care. [applause] >> the southern poverty law center, which tracks extremist movements in the u.s., is common on president-elect donald trump to condemn what it calls "a national outbreak of hate" in the wake of the election. that is next on c-span. then remarks from house majority leader kevin mccarthy. on this morning's "washington journal," we look at today's house leadership elections.

congressional leaders, military officials, and former diplomats will be part of a forum on foreign policy and national security issues. we will hear from house armed macices committee chair thornberry on c-span3. later, tom price, who is president elect donald trump brookings be at the institution live at 3:00 p.m. on c-span3, also streaming live at c-span.org, and you can listen to it live on the free c-span radio app. >> every weekend, book tv brings you 48 hours of nonfiction books and authors. here is a look at some of our program for this coming weekend. 8:45 rday night at

eastern, how william f buckley put america on the firing line with heather hendershot. he used a television program, "firing line," which made him an early pundit. of discourse level seems to be deteriorating and shouting matches seem to be increasing, it seems like a particularly important time to talk about a show that really valued civil discourse, civil debate between people who disagree with each other. >> sunday on "in-depth," the attack on pearl harbor is the tscussion, featuring steve womey, eri hotta, and craig nelson. at 9:00 p.m. eastern on "after rds," senator george mitchell looks at the israeli-palestinian conflict in

his book "a path to peace."he is interviewed by jane harman, president and ceo of the woodrow wilson center. they have long since renounced violence, have accepted israel's resistance, and have opted for peaceful negotiation to achieve the state. -- go to book >> go to booktv.org. >> the southern poverty law center held a conference with the leaders to discuss president-elect donald trump and announce racism and acts of hate . they talked about racism and violence following the presidential election.

richard: good morning. my name is richard cohen, i am the president of the southern poverty law center. i'm joined today by brenda abdelall, the charity's program director for muslim advocates, janet murguia, the president of the national council of raza, is -- of la randi weingarten, president of the american federation of teachers, and wade henderson. i want to welcome others for joining us. we are here today to release two reports that document that president-elect donald trump's own words have sparked incidents around the country -- hate incidents around the country, and has had a profoundly negative affect on our schools. the first report is called 10 days after: harassment,

intimidation in the aftermath of the election. ofdescribes 867 incidents hate that we collected from around the country in the 10 days immediately following the election. i have no doubt whatsoever that this is a tremendous, tremendous undercount. talkingdents we are about have taken place in schools, on public streets and parks, and in retail establishments. many people have been targeted .n their homes the incidents have been ugly, they have been aimed at people because of their ethnicity, their race, their religion, their sexual orientation, and their gender. time after time, the perpetrators have invoked mr. trump's name, his slogan, or his words in the results. time, those who reported hate incidents to us

said that they had never experienced anything like that before. the level of hate that has been unleashed by the election, they told us, is something entirely new. "r second report is called after election day: the trump affect." the first 10n thousand reports that we have received from educators around the country about the impact of the election on their students and their schools. that impact has been incredibly disturbing. 80% of the educators, the teachers who reported to us, have reported hice and among the traditionally marginalized students. anxietys -- reported in vi

among the traditionally marginalized students. 40% reported hearing derogatory comments directed toward students of color, muslims, it immigrants, and lgbt students. 2500 specific incidents where theted to us teachers told us that mr. invoked,ame had been where rhetoric from the election had been deployed. they don't think that this is going away anytime soon.

now, since his election, mr. trump has disavowed white supremacy. he has told the harassers to stop it, but what he has not done is acknowledge that his own words have sparked the barrage of hate that we are seeing. instead, what has he done? he has feigned ignorance. he has said that he is surprised that any of his supporters would be harassing or intimidating anyone. he says he has no idea why white supremacists would be energized by his election. really? neither of these facts should be a mystery to anyone, much less to mr. trump. he has been singing the white supremacist song since he came down the escalator in his tower ,nd announced his candidacy calling mexican immigrants racists.

and set of being surprised by the pervasive hate in our country, mr. trump needs to take responsibility for it and repair the damage that he has caused. he needs to speak out forcefully and repeatedly against bigotry. theeeds to apologize to communities he has injured and demonstrate that they will be protected and valued in his administration. he needs to go to jersey city and apologize to the muslim community there for casting aspersions on their patriotism by lying about his reaction to the 9/11 attacks. angeles to go to los assure dreamers there that he will not use any information from their applications for deferred action to the or them -- to deport them or their families. and he needs to go to chicago to apologize to the black community for his grotesque, stereotypic descriptions of their lives in neighborhoods. more importantly, his words must be followed by concrete actions,

both in his policies and in his appointments, that repair the ofs of -- the wounds division hit campaign has caused your 6000 people have signed a petition on a website asking him to do just that. if he does anything less than an apology repairing the damage is that he has caused, reaching out to marginalized communities, and having his actions follow his words, if he does not do those things, the hate that mr. trump has unleashed during this election season will continue to flourish. answerwill be happy to questions in a few minutes, but first, i would like to turn the podium over to my colleagues. brenda? , richard.ank you good morning. today, we stand hand-in-hand with our fellow americans who reject racism, bigotry, an

anti-semitism, and division. the fbi reported a 67% increase in hate crimes against muslims 2015, and we expect an even more dramatic rise in incidents of hate and violence when the data for 2016 is tabulated and released. in fact, muslim advocates have been tracking hate crimes since november 2015, and we have recorded nearly 175 hate crime's against american muslims, or ,hose perceived to be muslims in the days leading up to the election, and we were disturbed by the increased frequency of reporting hate -- reported hate crimes in incidents since the election all across the country. president-elect trump's recent statements against hate violence and white supremacist groups that support his election is a step in the right direction,

but there must be more. we need him to strongly reject bigotry in all of its forms, unequivocally call on americans to stop the hate violence, and ensure that his administration will prosecute perpetrators of hate crimes to the fullest extent under the law. furthermore, president-elect trump must reconsider some of the selections he has made as top advisers to his administration. oferwise, the selection individuals like steve bannon, lieutenant general michael flynn, and senator jeff sessions indicates that the bigoted and divisive rhetoric that we saw in his campaign will continue as a martyr of policy and practice in the white house. america is hurting right now, and all of us need to come together and feel safe. children are getting bullied. women with head scarves are being attacked, and. bigoted rhetoric has become commonplace across the country a crimes have skyrocketed, and

like manyuslims, americans, are genuinely fearful. if president-elect trump wants to be a leader for all americans, he needs to disavow the dangerous proposals and ideas that single out and demonize muslims and other communities. now is the time for president-elect trump to make changes in his rhetoric, his selections, and the policies under consideration by his incoming administration in order to send a strong message of unity to all americans. thank you. janet: my name is janet murguia, and i am president and ceo of the national council of la crossraza. less than 48 hours after hosted anight, nclr

check-in call with our affiliates across the country, community-based organizations that provide health, education, economic, and social services to millions of latinos and others everything they. many of them -- every single day. many of them run charter schools are afterschool programs. more than 100 organizations, nearly 150, participated, and what we heard from them trouble this deeply. virtually all of these affiliates focused on the same issue. we asked them what were they hearing and seeing in our community, even in those two and after the election, what they said was the devastating impact of the election, its tone, its divisiveness, it's hard -- its harsh rhetoric, and the outcome on the children they know and serve. they reported countless incidents of harassment, of verbal and physical taunts, of

bullying, and most tragically, of many students contemplating taking their own lives. the profoundessed fear that have gripped these children about the future. they are deeply worried, these children are deeply worried, about their parents and other family members due to their immigration status. these kids are frightened -- and with reason -- that their families may be broken up by the policies of the incoming administration. they are left to wonder whether the draconian statements of candidate trump will be carried out by president trump. splcort, everything chronicled in its new critically corroboratedort is

by the calls in conversations we have had over the past several weeks. we are angered and saddened but thaturprised by the fact 90% of teachers have witnessed a negative impact on their knowents, and that 80% how anxious their students are. this is understandable. ncl -- this is unacceptable. nclr has been working with affiliates to provide support, including teacher training, to address bullying. we are working with partners, like our friend here today, to combat this issue together and at a national level. both forateful to splc documenting what is going on by issuing these reports and also for helping us document what is going on in our community. for example, we have already cultureed and made in a comfort way, splc's report from english to spanish and posted it

on our website. but much more needs to happen, and it has to start with the president-elect. while he has said he wants to be the president of all americans, we have heard precious little in response to what is going on in his name, especially when it comes to the impact that it has on children and young people. president-elect trump needs to reassure, or at the very least a fear ofhe anxiety and so many communities for whom he will now also be president. , we aret-elect trump toing -- we need you -- protect and defend all americans and condemn the violence and hate being committed in your name. reach out to marginalized communities. repair the damage. thank you.

randi: thank you, richard your thank you, brenda, janet, and waited. my name is randi weingarten. i am the president of the 1.6 million member american federation of teachers. we have a second largest teachers union and the largest college union. i'm here today not just to thank otherd, the splc, the speakers, who all -- in big and small ways -- have been spending their adult lives fighting hate and bigotry while at the same time increasing opportunities, economic and educational opportunity, for americans. this is not an either/or situation. this is a both and situation in these united states of america. nowtspl splc has

done because we cannot live in an evidence-free zone. during the campaign, donald trumps rhetoric and policy proposals pitted americans against each other and created a coulter of fear and division. unfortunately, as the other speakers have said enough this report demonstrates, we have seen a disturbing and in hatefule surge actions, all too often carried out in mr. trump's name, particularly in schools. and while, as the other speakers have said, mr. trump looked at directly in his "60 minutes" interview, and said when asked to stop it, his appointments are sending a very message. as teachers know, you have to actually be consistent in your message if you want people to hear it. so the nomination of jeff sessions, the appointment of steve bannon, and the

appointment of mike flynn all sent a message that white supremacy and anti-muslim conspiracy theories are in vogue these days. why am i up because there is a lot at stake, all of which must be safe and welcome spaces of learning and acceptance for our students, our parents, our communities, and the educators who serve our kids. for our children to survive, for them to grow, for them to thrive, they have to feel safe at school and they have to feel that their parents are safe. since this campaign and since this election, more and more do not feel safe. over the past year, teachers have reported this disturbing trend. we have even called it the trump

affected we have story and story verballylty member assaulted with anti-immigrants lawyers by students. one of our members who testified last week, who teaches in minnesota, had black students find a sign that said whites only, whites america, and enabled her message with the n-word posted. lastly, five swastikas and chelsea. nothole life, there was more than one swastika anywhere in the colts city. -- and that whole city. 11 days ago, we signed a letter by 200 organizations, cosigned by the southern water -- southern law poverty center, to the president-elect to denounce in his name. done

over 43,000 people signed that letter as well. we know he received it. since then, crickets, silence. that hep has claimed will keep america safe and he will stand up for the little guy , but he refuses to speak up for the littlest guys. our children are being taunted and bullied and schools by kids who use his name as a weapon. the president-elect knows how to use his voice. he has done so to denounce a broadway show, media , but his lack of leadership. to end the hate fueled acts inspired by his divisive campaign rhetoric is deafening. and do not tell me that others haven't stood up. look what happened not just here but this weekend, even with delta. trump that one unruly

stumping passenger made more than 100 travelers uncomfortable. what did delta do? they not only denounced the bad behavior, they barred the man from ever traveling on a delta airplane. they apologized and reimbursed the victimized passengers. we have seen that leadership from governor cuomo in new york, mayor to blase a in new york wolf, and inr l.a.. it is time for our president-elect to use his voice to effectively and unequivocally thatnce these hateful acts are done in his name. thank you. >> good morning, everyone. first, i want to thank richard

cohen and the southern poverty law center for these important reports and their important research and leadership. i also want to thank my colleagues who are here this morning to bear witness so powerfully to the challenge of our time in addressing issues of hate and violence triggered in large part by the presidential election we just experienced . my name is wayne henderson. ceo of as president and the leadership conference on civil and human rights. is the leading civil and human rights coalition with over 200 national organizations working to build an america as good as its ideals. i am honored to note that all the organizations here today are members of our coalition.

the presidential campaign, as you heard, and especially in its aftermath, many of the communities that we represent have come to live in fear for their basic safety and well-being. as these reports have made abundantly clear, that fear is unfortunately well justified. during the course of this campaign, as we heard discuss aelect drunk broad range of proposals that if implemented would dramatically reverse our nation's progress on civil and human rights. , he has vilified innocent americans as rapists, terrorists, and criminals, and coworkers and classmates to turn against one another. now the hate filled rhetoric of this campaign was shameful and divisive in ways that go well

beyond the boundaries of our political norms and traditions. americansajority of who voted for donald j. trump did not vote for hatred nor did they vote for violence nor did they vote for terrorizing people for being who they are. , the americae know we celebrate, the america we strive to create is a nation that honors and respects equal protection of the law for all its people. it embraces its diversity as a strength and it strives to be a place where all people can live and work and study and pray and love as free and equal americans. the same nation that values these ideals -- and let's just

be honest about it -- is itself an imperfect work and progress, but a work in progress nonetheless. yes, it's public schools are notoriously unequal. colorung men and women of are often profiled by police as are some in the muslim community or communities but to be muslim sikhs. it where houses people of color in prisons with often irrational and racially disparate sentences. a know as a nation as a communities that we can do better, but we won't do better with a president who fans the flames of bigotry or treats women with th disdain or response to this outpouring of hatred and violence with indifference. now governors, state attorneys , membersu.s. attorneys

of congress have already responded with programs, initiatives, and legislation which we celebrate for enhanced data collection and enforcement and public calls for this kind of violence to end. president-elect trump has thus far failed to do his part. you vowt-elect trump, to do the president for all of us. today we are calling on you to make good on that pledge about disavowing the hate speech that has infected our public discourse and by telling your toporters and all americans stop committing these acts. you must lead by example in both word and deed. the nation and the world are watching. i will close with this one observation. several of my colleagues have noted the appointments that president-elect trump has made in the early days of his transition.

and indeed those appointments send a message that is unmistakable. that unmistakable message seems to reinforce the very issues that are at the core of our concerns today. we are concerned about the impact of jeff sessions at the department of justice, general mike flynn, or steve bannon just a heartbeat away from the presidency. but the time to discuss these issues will soon arise on capitol hill. right now we're asking the president to stand up and be counted and honor the pledge that he has made to the american people -- to be the president of us all. thank you. >> thank you janet, thank you andi.a, thank you r we will take questions in a. now. i think we have a microphone.

do you see this administration and this president as someone you can work with over the next four years or do you see yourself basically being this kind of party and opposition for the duration of his presidency? >> i will let wade answer that. from our point of view, it's both. mr. trump is the president. where there is common ground, we are certainly not going to oppose him on issues just for the sake of doing so. but we are concerned about though is that there's is very little precious common ground. if the people he has appointed to lead important agencies, such as the department justice with people he has indicated he will nominate, are going to roll back policies, initiatives that are in voting,sues issues in policing, issues related to poverty, i think and all those kinds of issues the

civil rights community will stand united against those policies. >> i think no more need be said by me. >> let me just say something. you know, it's an important question. we are trying to do our job. our job is to represent these constituencies. our job is to promote the civil rights and interests of these constituencies. when we feel that is being threatened, we need to call it out. i want to make it really clear. we are also reaching out. we are asking president-elect respond hear us and to and to meet with marginalized communities and our leadership. raises a chance to either these concerns, provide more education and background, or to hear him out. it is not fair for many of our communities to be kept in the

dark, to not know, to have the uncertainty, and to be a young child with an american citizen child and perhaps having an undocumented parent, or to be a dreamer and not know about your future. it is our job to do that and to call that out to the president-elect. we want to do both. we want to make sure we are calling out rhetoric and actions that we feel are threatening to our communities, but we are also extending a hand out to say, we are willing to work for the. -- work with you. you promised to work with all of us and we want to help you do that. day, if wend of the can do things in a bipartisan way, we want to do that. like janet and wade said, my job is to create economic and

education opportunities in america to ensure that we left hateto ensure there is no and bigotry and to promote pluralism. we have asked mr. trump through direct letter on november 18 to do this. he has not responded. as president of the united states, we need to find ways to have that president bring people together. just like when there is common ground, like there was in the last congress on the education bill, we all came together. we all said it was a good bill. at the end of the day, this is first things first. a president elect has to create a climate that keeps americans those whoamericans, voted for him and those who didn't vote for him. this gives a really important oft for the president-elect

whether he will keep all americans safe. >> yes, ma'am. thank you for doing this. i've several questions, but i will stick to just one here. , he hasfrom his tweets said for instance that he wants jail people who burn flags, but that's protected speech. since he has been walking away , haveis campaign pledges you considered the cabinet positions he has named? do you see hopeful signs that he will walk away from some of the out and or hear you maybe make some adjustments? >> thank you. i am wade henderson again with the leadership conference.

thank you for your question, which is really a follow-up to the first questions about whether in fact we were hopeful we could work together. i was reluctant to speak initially because on one of my colleagues who had organizations, whose communities are being directly affected by these issues, to speak first. i thought it was important as well to be clear that we as a community, in addition to the remarks of my colleagues, also angelou once observed that when someone shows you who they are, believe them. it is a standard that has to be applied both to the person currently occupying the white house and any who would hope to replace him. we are deeply troubled that in the wake of what we have described as incidents of hate speech, activity, and in some instances violence. chosenesident-elect has

to address the issue only in the most superficial manner. but we are asking him to do is to provide the kind of thoughtful leadership that he made a pledge to all americans to provide. assuming he does that, then we will take his actions for what they represent, a step forward in helping to bring us together . i don't want to overstate the becausee that we face the appointment of steve bannon as a counselor and advisor, a few steps away from the white house, when he has supported and embraced organizations that take direct views that are anti-somatic -- anti-somatic, anti-immigrant, and racist. or he appoints as attorney general someone whose record

will suggest that he will have great difficulty in enforcing civil rights laws, including hate crimes laws on the books. that is a real challenge. we are looking to have the congress of the united states, the senate, do its job where it can to offer and advise consent in the case of senator sessions and in other instances to implore the president-elect to use his discretion wisely. we consider the appointment of steve bannon. we consider the appointment of mike flynn. and the interest of all that we are try to promote. >> i'm going to try to articulate this as best as i can. saying sheople are is tweeting, but he is a media got, so he is just messaging. he is trying to keep people a

little confused perhaps intentionally as part of his personality and tactics. i do not know if it's because he ran a reality show, and i don't mean that in a disparaging way. the problem is that he is the president-elect. what he is messaging has an impact on young people's lives. these are children who are confused and concerned in fear for their parents and families. trumps president-elect think she is playing a messaging game and he is trying to sort of communicating, and perhaps that's a tactic clinically that he is using. call our job to out that tactic and say, you know what? there are vulnerable people affected by that. these are young children.

they are americans, many of everythingnts, and minus the certificate. their lives are affected and they are hanging on every word that's being said. that as he understands he has moved into this mode now president-elect. it's important for us to try to remind him to try to reinforce that real people's lives are affected not just by what he does but by what he says. add one pointjust , one of our great hopes at the southern poverty law center is that mr. trump mightily disappoints the white supremacist, the white nationalists who are celebrating his victory now. some of the early signs are obviously not hopeful. the bizarre and disheartening

maiming of mr. bannon as the chief strategist is a very unfortunate sign. we are not going to let him forget his pledge. we're going to keep pushing in the hope that he does disappoint some of the people who have been brought to the party. to the point you were just making, richard spencer, he seems to be beginning what he calls his danger tour. he's going to texas a&m next week and hopes to speak to the university of michigan following that. don't determine right now to take advantage of the trump effect and get on campus and confront the micro-aggression, save space points of view. it's college were every point needs to be heard, so he's taking advantage of a public

university like texas a&m. what is your role in confronting what seems to be more than a nation of a white supremacist movement on some of our campuses? >> let me turn to someone who has members on each and every one of those campuses. we have a very activist union. michigan, in oregon, other a&m, wenew york city, have some membership but not it , but our membership is creating a circle of protection for students that are most vulnerable and for educators that are most vulnerable. and will be out in force

they will be out not fighting against free speech but fighting against the incitement and fighting for the rights and dignity and the inclusion and fighting against bias. we are already organizing around the university of michigan and several other places. this is part of what we believe is our role in terms of, as janet said, really protecting our most vulnerable charges. that goes for universities as well as our pre-k, elementary, and secondary schools. we are working with and trying to get the college administrations to ensure that there are protections against incitement, but we are also going to be out there fighting for the pluralism and the inclusiveness that we believe is

necessary in america. >> [inaudible] >> there is so much going on right now. the answer is yes. what we have done is that we have a platform called share my lesson, which is free for anyone. we put a lot of materials on a course materials, curriculum materials, about how to teach inclusiveness, how to teach against bias and how to do all this. and trying to do this in a way that is a political. there's lots of that going around. we're going to use this as an opportunity to educate as an opportunity to protest. is we are not going to do are going to take a page about repressing the right to free speech. >> yes, sir.

just curious as to how systemic do you think this is going to be? going back to the data, this data shows 10 days after the election and now we are 20 days. does the data show that in the last 10 days that this trend is continuing or declining or getting worse? is there a point to oust the stomach -- to how systemic this probably is? >> in the days after the election, we saw a lot of celebrations, a lot of people acting out, the gloves are off because political correctness is out the window. we have seen that die down somewhat. to think that the heat is gone would be quite naive. we are going to see spikes again and again and around the inauguration. we're going to see low-level harassment continuing.

a study came out recently that 35% of mr. trump's twitter followers also followed white .upremacist twitter accounts among the white supremacist twitters, the most popular twitter handle was white genocide. the second-most popular was donald trump. i think this is not going to go away. it's going to continue to fester and flourish until mr. trump takes decisive action, acknowledges his wrongdoing, apologizes, reaches out, repairs the damage. this is not going to be -- it's going to fall to religious leaders, school teachers, people in their communities to assist in repairing this damage. >> if i could add to that? thank you, again. i am brenda.

tracking hate crimes against muslims and those perceived to be muslim back in november of 2015. when we started tracking it, over 50% of the incidents were against this in particular. we have a map on her website as well which you are welcome to look at. it is looking toward federal law as to what falls in the definition of a hate crime. we have not seen that slowdown since november 2015. unfortunately with the inauguration coming up, we are concerned there may be another spike as well. >> yes, ma'am. karina and ie is work for a swedish news channel . we have daily children's news for children between 10 and 14 . you are obviously adults, but you talk about how children are affected.

i was wondering if you could give me a few specific examples so that children watching this understand what other children specifically are going through. our report after the election effect, is filled with various specific examples of swastikas, signs, graffiti, name-calling, bullying that we have seen. randw that the teachers in i's union could multiply what we have seen tenfold. and in the back of our report, we have recommendations for teachers on how they can set the tone in their classrooms, how they can do what they can within the confines of their four walls to make the world a better place for their students. i think you also want to add something. >> that's why am i earlier

remarks, i gave you one of the examples. if you are in a little boy's room in a junior high school and you see written on one of the "n,"s something that says it's frightening. it's not just that but several other places where they saw things witten writes only -- written whites only, white america. the educators can together and created a plan, created restorative justice circles, had kids talk about their feelings, had kids talk together in a very diversified setting and tried to deal with and create and understand the anxiety and try to create some semblance of security and a safe space. example is replicated

throughout the country. in l.a., we have many, many kids and teachers who are what we daca-mended. people of actually gone through the united states daca program that president obama has done and they themselves are scared , thatth, as richard said the new administration will use this information to not only rescind daca but to deport them. kids have told their teachers that they are really afraid when they are in school that their parents will be taken away. muslim kids have told their teachers that they don't want to wear anything that shows that they are muslim. teachers are hearing this from all over. i've heard the stories.

i've heard stories about dreamers and l.a.. i gave you a story about minneapolis. the report the sdlc put together, every one of these incidents, the 10,000 incidents in the report, has a story attached to it. >> i'm tenney star. do you take position on the sometimes violent protests against trump being elected president? there is violence in those protests, too. >> our report and our work also collected instances of anti-trump violence. i think we documented between 20 and 30 we would condemn those just as well. we would at the same time defend the free speech rights of protesters, so we didn't ignore that at all. >> there's a lot of talk about , especiallye spaces

for the dreamers. are asking for trump to call the thingse and stop that he used in the interview. when you look at social media, it seems to be following what people are saying on social media that they have become silos. people are really not talking to each other. they are screaming past each other and repeating whatever the talking points are on the left or on the right or whatever. i'm just wondering -- but where the optimism that somehow that will lessen because he comes out and says stop it or be a little more forceful? what you see on social media is being replicated and workplaces and schools and other public spaces where people are not talking to each other.

i think on this one, leadership matters. we are in a time and moment where we need to see that leadership, and this particular aboutwe all have talked the challenges of social media and the inability to filter what is true and not true. we are going to have a long pe riod in this country about how do we reconcile that and deal with that. it may well be that in some of these schools, these kids are just being kids. they are pranks, right? environment in an of heightened anxiety, we all have is responsibility to step in as leaders and to try and create a stable and unified environment.

we are doing our part. thate trying to make sure as community leaders across the country we are giving our folks the tools they need. don't panic, but try to educate our folks about what options they have. violence is never the answer. teachers are being trained and given those resources. we are seeing church leaders, faith-based leaders, stepping in on how they can step in. we need the president-elect and our future president to also think about what he can do and say. person,t just on one but that presidency is the most important role that we have in this country. he needs to do his part. he can't do it alone, but we are all trying to do our part. we need him to do his part.

>> i see a question in the back. >> i'm a reporter for tokyo broadcasting. i'm a father of two girls, six and four. i don't need to personalize this, but my question is -- with all these comments and the racist attitude shown from your president-elect, how are we adult supposed to explain or interpret this to the younger ones? how are we supposed to explain what's going on and leave them to the right direction? >> i think it's an incredible conundrum. one of your disturbing facts that we uncovered in our earlier trump affect report that came out in march was that almost half of the teachers in the country had decided they

couldn't teach about the election this time because they didn't know what to say about what mr. trump was saying. i think that that is a problem for teachers. i think it's less of a problem for parents and the faith community. i think all those folks have got to speak out. the first thing of course is to protect the victims, to surround them with love, caring adults. think when the president is saying things that are so discordant with our most cherished values, it's incredibly hard job. >> i am cured with think progress. butt touched on this a bit, trump has clearly been trying to

confuse the media and the public about what his policies will look like, who he will name to his cabinet. he will tweet a blatant lie and then go back on that lie. he will float a muslim ban and change his mind on it. how is this uncertainty specifically affecting the populations you work with? what does that look like when people are just uncertain of what's going to happen in the next few months? >> i'm brenda and i will take a stab at that. as a candidate, we saw donald trump using divisive and really hateful rhetoric that singled out a number of different communities across the board. i think what is most concern right now is his appointments. i think the appointments themselves are signal that those policies that he tweeted, that he said on the campaign trail, everything from a registry for muslim immigrants, everything

from concerns about judges ethnicity and being able to proper full -- properly adjudicate cases, as well as mass surveillance of mosques, all that campaign rhetoric -- when you look at the campaign rhetoric and the appointments, they connect. is --eatest concern they there is to take a stand against the bigotry and rhetoric would call for president-elect trump to also change course when it comes to his appointments as well. >> i think we're going to take one more question from the room and turned to the phone. yes, ma'am. i'm marie with the cbc. can you talk about the face of extremism like richard spencer, a highly educated guy, very polished? are there a lot more richard spencer's out there? can you compare it to the old

face of extremism like the kkk and groups that are marginalized? >> spencer, the head of the national policy institute, is a committed racist. his words make that clear. he believes in and at no national state. he believes that men are created unequal. and that there should be what he calls peaceful at the hunting -- ethnic cleansing. he is a follower of hypocrite there been other richard spencer's before. there have been a number of charismatic, highly educated white supremacist. lateomes to mind as the dr. william pierce, the leader of the national alliance, the author of the book that was the blue for the oklahoma city bombing. dr. pierce was a physicist and also a follower of george lincoln rockwell, the former leader of the american not to party.

-- nazi party. i think it's naive to think that all people in white supremacist organizations are dimwitted. i think that there are a number of highly intellectual yet twisted people there. we have seen richard spencer's in the past. important whenry the media interview him for them to confront him with his statements. richard spencer is news because steve bannon is news. i would say it's important to cover him because one might argue that van and this is -- steve bannon is his alter ego. the reason i say that is richard spencer is the originator of the alt right. mr. bannon has said that his breitbart news site was the platform of the alt right. >> do you have any suggestions

for what ordinary americans can do to promote tolerance and inclusiveness and to fight the hate? >> just one thing. first -- one correction. there is no such thing as an ordinary american. their only those who have answered the call and those who have not. each and everyone of us in our to way has a responsibility push back against anything that is contrary to our values as a country. with your family, whether at work, whether at your house of worship, whether in a civic organization, people aren't powerless. the worst thing that one can believe is that individuals can't make a difference. that is always a self fulfilling prophecy when people think individuals can't make a difference.

the civil rights movement, for example, shows just the opposite. i do not need to call you out on that ordinary american thing. we have a question on the phone as i understand it coul. >> we have a line from the birmingham news. please proceed with your question. reports, iss to the it anything that would indicate north, south, east, or west? you if only to hear barely. kent is from our state. if you look at the map, you can see at least the distribution of the 867 instances that we documented of hate instances. costello,ue, maureen

is here. in terms of the school -- in terms of the school results, there were no regional patterns. in both many problems red states and blue states. arroyo -- it really boils down to the demographics of schools. if you have a large number of immigrant or muslim students, there is a fear. it really doesn't break down that easily. >> i just want to make a point as we look at the lens of the latino community. i want to be clear that of all latinon under -- children under the age of 18, 95% of them are american citizens.

i think it's important to note that we are talking about citizen children for the most part. 95% of latino children are american citizens. many of them find themselves being taunted or attacked or and they are american-born. a lot of times, part of what happens in these environments is that there are broad brushes painting all these communities together. it is why this unity matters here today and all this coming together saying it's not about one particular group. it's about standing up for the principles of tolerance and inclusion and equal protection under the law. >> i want to thank everyone for coming this morning.

together and collectively, our commitment is to hold mr. trump to the first commitment he made one he was clear that he was the president-elect and that was to bind the wounds of divisions in our country. it has to be done with more than words. it has to be a pledge that he takes seriously, that he works to repair that with his actions, that he apologizes to the communities that he has injured, and his policies reflect that commitment. until he does, it is a commitment that is unfulfilled. thank you so much. [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. visit ncicap.org] [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2016]

>> c-span's "washington journal" live every day with news and policy issues that impact the. -- impact you. coming up this morning, congressman eric swalwell talks about the democrats legislative agenda in the next congress and political messaging and strategy. then intelligence committee member on trumps team and foreign policy challenges. and as it are max read on his article and whether the internet is a reliable tool for furthering democracy. be sure to watch c-span's "washington journal."

join the discussion. so i decided to spend much more time on the young grant. pointt a week at west tried to understand how this man could finish 21st out of 39 at west point and therefore sometimes viewed by these biographers as a historical and intellectual lightweight. yet he said of himself, i must apologize. i spent all my time reading novels could >. theunday night on "q&a," historian talks about the life and career of the 18th u.s. president, american ulysses, the life of ulysses s. grant. >> he could be at a meeting of african american leaders at the white house and he said to them, i look forward to the day that you can write on a railroad car and eat in a restaurant and can do so along with every other person regardless of their race. that day must come.

it took 90 years for that day to come. grant was the last american president to hold those kind of use. >> sunday night at 8:00 eastern on c-span's "q&a." now house majority leader kevin mccarthy gives a preview of republican legislative priorities in the next congress. the california republican talks about tax reform, the health care law replacement, and border security. congressman mccarthy was a guest of "the washington post" daily 202 series with correspondent james hohmann. [applause] james: thanks, chris. we are obviously very lucky to have house majority leader kevin mccarthy today. good turn out in the audience.

on a rainy day, lame duck session. mr. mccarthy: if they feel tired i just flew in from california. [laughter] james: there's a lot going on. is not as exciting as it could've been. let's start with the news overnight. tom price, congressman from georgia, who you served with, is going to be the health and human services secretary. he's been a staunch opponent of the affordable care act. what's your relationship with price? what do you make of trump picking him? mr. mccarthy: we couldn't be closer. he serves on the ways and means. he's a doctor and orthopedic surgeon. he's been integral in the republican putting together a better way of how to repeal and replace obamacare. i actually believe this is a very good decision on trump's part. i thought this would happen early on. that tom would be a perfect fit.

which is nice. we've got mike pompeo going to cia. we have got tom price with him there. i talked to the administration elect almost every other night, and i tell them how many are you , going to take? you have got to leave some people left. there's a lot of good people that have been working hard on these issues that are going to make it, in my perspective, easier to get the job done. james: who are you talking to in the administration? is that mike pence? mr. mccarthy: i talk to president-elect donald trump. i talked to reince. i talk to bannon. i talk to mike pence. james: are they eager to work together? mr. mccarthy: i feel everybody feels close about working together. one thing i'm going to do, i think i have been on a couple morning shows, sometimes my mouth says something that my head's thinking differently. i think i said today that i was putting the calendar out today. i'm not. i thought it was wednesday.

i'm putting the calendar out on wednesday. i have been redoing the calendar, one of the roles of the majority leader. especially for the first 100 days of this year. it's not just the idea of oh , what day should we be in session? no, it's in concert with working with the new administration and working with the senate, what would we be doing that week, the next week, and other week? the house works faster than the senate time wise. we don't have this gridlock of 60-vote world. so our movement will be faster. planning out one of the roles of majority leader, too, is managing the committees. so seeing what we can do, what we should be doing at this time, and mapping all that out. knowing things change, you have to be flexible. but you're never going to get all this done if we don't start working early. we'll come in early on the third. james: two and a half weeks before he gets sworn in. are there going to be more legislative days next year? mr. mccarthy: we'll be in session more legislative days. i'll explain that all to the

members. we'll walk them through what i give to everybody else. i will tell you the members are eager about that. weeks will be longer. the first 100 days will be more. there are certain times i wish we could be in. the one week right before the inaugural, security wise, you can't use the capitol during that time. we have a couple of retreats. the democrats and republican retreats. i do think those are helpful. ours are done with the senate as well. to me, that is still working in the process. i don't have the four-time during those days. james: talk about the first 100 days. you are mapping out your calendar. what is the benchmark for success in the first 100 days? if we came back 100 days after trump is sworn in, what's -- mr. mccarthy: i would like to see progress. first thing you'll find at the very beginning, what i found in this past administration, the frustration with the country, is lack of growth. one of the elements happened to be -- especially if you look at the economic, is productivity is down in america, three straight quarters.

that's because you're hiring new people to deal with regulation. we no longer have co-equal branches. i think reorganizing what we have co-equal branches, bringing that article 1 back, you are going to see the very beginning the rains that, the midnight rule, others going through. we have some other elements of certain things we can do from the prospect of the check and balance. we have a congressional review act that allows a different vote number in the senate based upon regulations that have passed. if you take the first six years of the obama administration, it was almost 500 new regulations through. how do we rein that back in during the congressional review act? those take 15 legislative days to be privileged in the senate. so you can't start on that until the 24th. we have not done a budget for 2017. you'll see a budget start. probably start in the senate. as many of you know from being

here, that gives you reconciliation. that is an element of how do you deal with the deficit. that's one of the elements that you can deal with obamacare and the repeal of it. you can't replace it under that, but you can start the process of repeal. you'll also have a budget for 2018. that gives you another bite at the apple on reconciliation when you want to do tax reform. if if you want to do tax reform that way. when it comes to the border, the administration and others want us to get that done quickly. you'll see movement on that. you'll see talk when it comes to infrastructure. we're looking at ways that we make this economy start working again. i know there's administration you have to fill. that's going to take part-time in the senate. the supreme court will have an appointment they are going to have to fill. but we've got to get work being done and we can't waste any of the weeks and the times. v.a. needs reform. so all these things we have been

working on, and a lot of those we have been working on in a better way ahead of time. so you've got a lot of that work through committees done. , youjanuary third comes finished populating. we're in a stronger position in the house than probably all the others. the democrats haven't even picked their leadership yet. if there's one person i can root for, i think nancy has more support in the republican conference for her to stay leader than maybe in her own conference. i'm seeing if you're awake. james: you said last week that you feel republicans will have the house majority as long as nancy pelosi is democratic leader. mr. mccarthy: i firmly believe that. don't you notice how there are some people in the senate who always stay one term too long? the term in the senate is like six years. i feel like nancy is at that point. i want to help her. i think that's a good place for her to be. i think it's very helpful -- james: you endorse her?

mr. mccarthy: can you believe she puts out that she wants to keep the current dccc? thosed look into firing people, but she wants to keep them. more power to them. james: i want to talk about the issues, but while we're on this point, you were part of the -- integral, you were charge of recruiting that 2010 class. you were one of the young guns. if you were giving advice to young democrats, the young guns and that caucus right now, besides the pelosi point, what would you tell them? how do you come back from being in the wilderness? in --t elected mr. mccarthy: the country has already decided your policies are not where they want to go. they rejected your majority, but you kept the same leadership. then their leadership, no disrespect, their leadership is 75 to 76 years old. that's not the future. when you look at what we did

recruiting, you have got to stop washington from recruiting. what i did, i went across the country you don't want to talk somebody into running. you want to ask them why they want to. if they have the right reasons that they want to run, you want to enhance that but don't pre pick. you want the competition to come from within and represent their own area. we always put measurement, so people had measurements of where to get. in that year of 2010, we defeated 63 democrat incumbents were younghem guns candidates. i always tell this one, steven fisher. i go out recruiting and barack obama is 70% approval rating, and i sit down with steven fincher and tells me he's from frog jump, tennessee. and i ask him, why do you want to run? he says, "well, mr. kevin, i'm just a farmer. the country change

before my eyes and i don't know how i tell my children that i did nothing." i said, that's a good reason. he said, "mr. kevin, i don't know if on the best person." why? "i've never been elected to anything." that's all right. you don't have to be elected. oh, mr. kevin, i've never even been to washington, d.c., on vacation. i said as of right now you're my top recruit in the nation. he announced he was going to run. i came back to my conference. i said i think i found the person that defines this election. they all laughed at me. i said, here he is having never been to d.c., never run before, but is willing to risk all his finance, all his life because he watched his country change it. it frustrated him that far that he was willing to do it. and truthfully a lot of the media laughed at him. so once he got in, the democrat opponent stayed in and then backed out. then these other people got in with millions of dollars. steven fincher won. you know what? when you looked at -- in congress, he's retiring right

now. he has been there three terms. the first year the jobs act, which people say was one of the best bills, you know who the author of that was? stephen fincher. james: let's unpack some of the issues. the first 100 days, you mentioned several big-ticket things. let's start with obamacare. we sort of mentioned it with tom price. you mentioned backstage you're putting something together. mr. mccarthy: ok. we'll repeal obamacare, replacing obamacare you want to make sure you get it right. one thing i always found -- the argument was you need to change the health care system. obamacare will not stand on its own. you look at 23 co-ops when they passed obamacare. what were they given, $3 billion? now 16 have failed. premiums are up 25%. you go through all the ramifications. people leaving the market. a lot of states only have one option. we never thought that would succeed, but repealing it, you want to make sure you replace it properly. this is a problem.

they closed ranks and they didn't listen to anybody. they made it a political decision instead of a policy decision. we have done a lot of work on this, especially when it came to king-burwell when we thought there was going to be a supreme court case. there was a supreme court case, but the decision was going to do differently. we put a little group together to map out where we would go. at the time, it was the chairman of ways and means, paul ryan, tom price, myself, the other thing we did, we brought governors in. listened to governors, you have ideas, too. what we thought would happen, work at the very beginning, is not where we finally ended up because we sat there and talked policy. we make policy in the world of politics. what's the best policy you can get through and make happen to work the process? what i'm going to do is putting letters out this week to all the governors and insurance commissioners. give me your ideas on replacement. we want to make sure we get this done right. we're going to get it done. we want to make sure it's done right and people are engaged in the process as well. james: when do you think it gets done?

mr. mccarthy: well, repealing is easier and faster because that could be a 51-vote. replacing is going to be 60 votes. i don't want to set a time limit that this has to get done by this certain date. i want to make sure it gets done right. what do you envision -- a bunch of things that are really popular, some of which aren't that expensive, but some of which are geared to talk about preexisting conditions and your children 26. where did those ideas stem from? i believe those today. we've got an idea in a better way. in those two instances i believe those stay. we have got an idea and a better way. that's one place to start. it is not easy. i sat around the room many times trying to come up with the replacement plan. it wasn't until king burwell

forced us to start making decisions and i think that's going to be very helpful. but i also want to have to want have the states out there because i think having more competition, having options for people. i was used the analogy when i want to pick a cable company to watch what i want to watch on tv, i love the options i have. i love the ability to switch in the different packages that i like a certain sports team. i want to watch hbo or something else. i could make it tailored to myself. why can't we have help care in a manner that we can do something to that extent? i think that will be a much better option. james: immigration. you mentioned the new administration it is a high priority to do something about the border. what does that look like? is that the wall? mr. mccarthy: you have to secure the border no matter what you do appear the administration cares about it but i would say that the bipartisan issue. i looked at the democrat plan in the senate when they did their bill they've put billions of dollars for border security.

you've got to have a secure border and i think you will see people work on that. there cannot be a single person in this room that thinks our current immigration system works. if you believe the current situation works you are wrong and we perpetuate the problem. 40% of everyone who is here legally came here legally on a visa. the process and the idea that if somebody comes here and they get an engineering degree and we tell them to leave but we do this just luck of the lottery and it is chain migration where you bring your whole family in i , don't think that's a system that's working right in america. we are a country that assimilates and believes in immigration and i think we have got to have greater control over what that means and the processes. james: do you think there would be an appetite for larger comprehensive reform? mr. mccarthy: i believe there

is, but i don't believe there's any believe there's any trust to do any comprehensive immigration reform without proving the border first. if there is a lack of trust, people believe you have to start with that. so let's start with that. and then move from their bank. -- and then move from their bank. -- new from their. move from there. james: you have a lot of relationships. the main employment not there. mr. mccarthy: immigration is obviously important to the issues you just mentioned. how important is the immigration component to what they wanted to talk a lot about your innovation agenda? mr. mccarthy: it's very important. in california i'm in a very diverse district. cesar chavez is buried in my district. so i thought the guest workers program from the agriculture where i come from. two families in my district grow

80% of baby carrots. you want a secret? there is no such thing. we don't charge you more, but that's what we do. we are sending people. we want an economy that grows and people that want to be part of america. i think we can find in immigration system that works that way. james: there's some tension here in the republican party. jeff sessions wants to reduce illegal immigration, -- legal immigration, not just securing the border. there is some people who supported the current president elect who want to reduce legal immigration. he would have no appetite for that. there is a place for legal immigration. mr. mccarthy: there's not one person in this room who can't trace their family back. we have the best fights in the neighborhood. guido palladino came from daily

in 1921. it just so happens it's my grandfather. jeremiah mccarthy came in the 1860's from ireland. and they made a great contribution to this country. and you know what? one of the grandchildren became a majority leader in the house of representatives. we have to keep that dream alive and i believe we can keep it alive but we also have to secure our borders. there's a logical way we can go about this that we maintain this and maintain the core tradition of america with also protecting. there are people that want to have nothing. you cannot keep a country strong without the rule of law. if you don't have a secure border and people are breaking the rule of law by coming into the country illegally, and you'll break down society. there is a value to being an american. you want to keep that value and people went through the process legally to make that happen and what to make a legal system that

works. james: moving onto tax reform. big ticket item, president-elect talked about tax cuts. do you see any prospects for tax reform in the coming year in congress and what will that and up looking like, what are the elements that you think we can expect? mr. mccarthy: article one, section seven of the constitution says all tax reforms so you know it starts in ways and means. we've already started working on this. look at a better way. what with that structure be? it will be simpler and fairer. you end up with 3 rates, not 5. i think there will be a reduction in rate. how do you get the reduction in rates is kind of how it's crafted for the process. if i look at across this country the frustration, the movement of , what we saw in this last campaign. why? lessiddle class is worth

today than we were eight years ago. the number one thing we have to do is grow this economy. everything the last administration sent to us, they have a 3.5 or higher annual growth rate. they never achieved that. 1.5% growth. you do not solve the problems. he did not solve the challenges by cutting government. tax reform and regular form are the key elements of making this economy begin to grow. all of the things people say to try to scare you about having donald trump become president, you are finding they are not true. the market was going to drop. it was the best november we ever had on the market. if you look at the economic factors before business down, consumers consumption was up.

we could get business investment and get a return and a good place to make an investment. productivity up, more people working. tax reform. we have a system or structure -- usually you have the benefit to have a foreign country, by. , republicans think have been very nervous about deficits. they were not as nervous when george w. bush was president. a lot of members do put a high priority on deficit spending. mr. mccarthy: in one of them. james: you can do dynamic scoring and they came in with budget expectations of growth. how serious are house republicans going to take deficit spending? mr. mccarthy: we are very

serious about it. you cannot have a debt equal to the size of your economy. every great society has collapsed based upon when they overstretched themselves. you could manage debt, but it is different. the size of the debt that i have on my home is one i can manage. i still live in the very first home i ever bought, instead of going and buying a million-dollar house. i could not manage that amount of debt. how do we resolve this problem? it's what i talked about earlier. you have to grow the economy. we were very successful in 2010 when we put the caps on discretionary spending. it is mandatory spending. discretionary 10.67. a trillion dollars in assets, but medicare, social security, interest on the debt, that is budget, on6% of the its way to 75%. during ronald reagan's term that

was 25% and discretionary with 75%. so we've got to get a handle on mandatory. we've got to grow the economy to get it out of the problem. that is why tax reform is so important. james: how important is it that they will be revenue neutral? we are talking about an infrastructure spending package that will be hundreds of billions of dollars. mr. mccarthy: and you want it to be paid for. these come to different principles and philosophies, if someone is keynesian or not. i believe government lowers taxes, what are you going to do with that money. they could grow faster than government. we are going to get more revenue. history has proven me right. it's the way you want to look at it. when you are going into an infrastructure you want to be able to pay for things. another key element we find in our conferences we are frustrated.

we put in a long-term highway bill you have not had in quite some time. but some of the things is why -- things is put in the reforms? why does it take 10 years to build a road you voted for a decade ago. population doesn't stop growing and it moves right by it. can't we bring common sense reforms where we can streamline the building of that road and others? let's be able to have the benefit at the same time. you are going to find a lot of streamlining. james: is part of the infrastructure package. you think infrastructure can get done in the first hundred days? mr. mccarthy: i am not going to put any timelines on it. i want to get results and i want to get it done right. i put more days until we get this done. there's always the window we know that an election year , things are harder than the first year. we want to get as much done correctly as soon as we can. there is an order and basis to do it. james: you feel like obviously you weren't down during the previous republican administration.

i guess you were. mr. mccarthy: i came in the minority. the smallest republican class in history. there's only 13 of us. and not one beat a democrat. james: that's amazing. 2006. mr. mccarthy: that's right. james: do you feel like house republicans are getting to set this agenda or to what extent -- you are obviously in touch. mr. mccarthy: we all work together. i think the house has a greater working majority. i think the house by creating a better way is better prepared for some of the issues we are going to deal with. the senate has some odd rules. i think the 60-vote is a guaranteed gridlock rule, but i also look at democrats who are sit in states that donald trump carried that will probably be more helpful in this perspective. schumer will be newer than harry reid. maybe schumer is more likely to work and negotiate on something.

our committees are up and better prepared. james: on this bipartisanship point, you mentioned there are these democrat states from indiana, missouri, west virginia. you said on the obamacare replacement you're going to need 60 in the senate. what else do you think you can get democrats not just in the , senate but also the house. mr. mccarthy: i've always found if you study history the first nine that's the length of the new president gets. it depends what were moving. if there is a big challenge right now, yeah, i think nancy wins but i think she started lost the base of her conference. so they are going to be more willing and realize they are sitting in districts were a lot

of their friends have lost. often people voted for wanting to get this country moving again. tax reform is interesting to see how many will vote for repealing obama care. what this repeal by would they be willing to vote for a replacement. yet no other options are just going to play politics with it. i think you'll find quite a few that are coming from rural america and others that watch the administration put in where they took out total industries and they watch their own constituents lose their jobs. you will find quite a few that are willing. james: talk about governing bigger picture. the house freedom caucus, there were 20 members or whatever the number was when you were a majority leader. he kind of what not vote for anything even when it was a pretty good deal that was negotiated because it was voting to raise the debt ceiling. mr. mccarthy: you can always make it a little better.

james: how are those folks , because you know them very well, going to respond when a deal gets cut to get to 60 or whatever, 70%. do you think now that there is unified republican control and the guys are going to come along or do you think you will still a dozen, two dozen members who just are going to let perfect be the enemy of the good. mr. mccarthy: we are a microcosm of society. members are all different. i think structure dictates behavior. there was a perfect structure where you had a different party in the presidency. you had a senate that was slower. you could do those things. and if you utilize the freedom caucus to do that it made the house republicans weaker because then you had to negotiate with nancy pelosi. if we stuck together, we are always stronger. i think you will see us sticking

together more. there is flexibility for the ability for the freedom caucus to do those types of things. i'm sure those districts, donald trump probably did the best end. it would be hard to stand up if president-elect trump is asking for this fundamental change and they say no to it. i think that is harder. i think we are more united, too. james: because of the election? mr. mccarthy: i think speaker ryan has done a great job uniting the congress. james: the sequester, you have military resources in your district. obviously the sequester has been hard. mr. mccarthy: the sequester part is difficult because that came from the obama administration and the challenge of it was we should do our own work to work that out. if you want to do some investment in the military you have got to do all of this other stuff domestically that might

not be needed. if we were able to be together. i think we solve all of that and we can be. james: can use the lifting of sequester or getting read of it? mr. mccarthy: you are not going to lift the caps. you can talk about where you make investment. in a sequester, you are not being able to prioritize and i look at the fact that one of the roles if you are elected, you should take the responsibility of making the decisions. i don't want to go in debt. only a certain amount of money i want to invest in the right place. james: let's talk about california, your home state. you are lucky to the most republican district. mr. mccarthy: duncan hunter does. james: california is one of the few states where hillary clinton did better than barack obama. why do you think that? mr. mccarthy: if you talk about

this popular vote and electoral college vote, first of all, you cannot have been an election where you determine the outcome one way and argue on the election, he did better here. the rules in baseball, whoever gets the most scores wins. she beat donald trump by 3 million votes. if you take california out, donald trump won the popular vote in 49 states. there is ways that can always make an argument one way or another, but if we elect our president by electoral college, whoever got 270 is going to be the president. we did not lose one congressional race and the democrats played very hard. we came very close to winning one in sacramento and that was not decided until last week.

i still think california is a place where we could teach the rest of the nation how republicans can win. give you an example, in the district mine is the one that is 70% hispanic. david valid deyo represents that district and he won by 70% of the vote in a year where hillary clinton did very well. i think we have abilities to expand and we can teach the rest how to do it. james: on the popular vote question, one of the things donald trump tweeted on sunday was, he would have won the popular vote if not for millions of fraudulently cast votes. any sign of that? mr. mccarthy: the election is over. i am not into this recount. we had the campaign.

i think everybody was ready for the campaign to be over and we made our decision. let's go govern. all the arguments that were prior, it is over, let's govern, let's move on. james: you did not see any signs of fraud in your home state? mr. mccarthy: i say let's govern. we have elected officials that carry this. .ounty by county is different i could go through every aspect. anyone can make any argument they want, and you can put a fact based upon that argument if you want. the election to me is over. i think the government -- the public want us to govern now. the recount will not be different. james: i get what you are saying, the public does want to move forward, but it is important for the legitimacy of americanion that the

people believe votes were counted fairly and there was not widespread fraud. mr. mccarthy: so let's move on. james: or was there? mr. mccarthy: i looked at the election, saw the results come in. i don't have a problem. i think it is time to move on. agreeddonald trump, you to be a delegate at a time when a lot of republicans here and around town were not willing to do so. you kind of helped in a lot of ways. mr. mccarthy: that was pretty smart, wasn't it? james: now is president. he is coming in. we talked a lot about the policy agenda. there is some conservatives a little bit worried about some things about him. kind of touching on a couple of the issues that have come up a lot in the last few weeks, the potential conflicts of interest, the fact that he is not following the traditions that some other presidents have

followed, does that worry you, bother you? mr. mccarthy: i do not feel that is fair, and let me tell you why. i see this on a micro level where there will be somebody who runs for congress who has never been elected before and they are a small business owner. a small business owner by name because they never think before they run all have to change everything. they don't know. they haven't had to do any of that. when they get elected the ethics committee comes and says he got to do this or this and they tell you this and they tell you to do the this and excited to do certain things or they change the other way. they just want to go serve. we set the rules that to really punish you if you've been in business because we start with the idea go do something corrupt. the aspect that when he did don mckinnon, he took this seriously. most of you probably know him.

he is is going to tell me not one of the most ethical attorneys have ever seen. he knows the law very well. he will go work it all out. it is not the role if i want to run for president it is laying , out the agenda and worried about what i'll do it my business. if i won, here is the legal counsel. i did well in business. i'll let the legal counsel figure out what i'm supposed to do and not do. by appointing him kind of sounds -- solves that answer. james: could you envision house republicans and oversight ? mr. mccarthy: i would assume take donald trump out of it. oversight committees is not you only do oversight. the same apartment -- appointment for the attorney general and others at the same office, this country

has got to come together. we have got to stop red and blue states just because you're one party or something else. oversight is oversight and i want to oversight to hold me accountable to. it's not based upon donald, what is the role of your job and put blinders on it. james: you mentioned the party is more unified. people have gotten on board. nextve to wrap up in the two to three minutes. you got the majority six years ago. if you could go back and talk to kevin mccarthy in the end of november 2010, what advice would you give yourself? now that you've been in the majority you have been around the track a few times. mr. mccarthy: i would ask our members not to make expectations higher than you could actually achieve. i always believe surpass expectations.

i think we told the american public certain things we could do that we couldn't do. we should have brought the public along each step of the way. -- theill give you this senate never would've been a republican majority had the house not become a republican majority. you would not have cory gardner, you would not have from louisiana and others. you've watched where this country is trended. if you watch where republicans were when barack obama took over from a number of governors, a number of legislative seats and others, we've never been stronger. but we did not run to win a majority. we ran to change a country, so we should not miss this window of opportunity. when you ask about the number of days am i going to judge, i'm going to judge on getting the policy right.

i am going to judge on having an honest and fair government. it's not are you going to use your power to benefit one person or party? no. i watched that. i didn't like all that they took place. so why don't we leave a legacy that brings us back to three co-equal branches because that keeps people more honest and in check. the power benefit to people. for everything said about this election, i don't care what side you are on, you should feel good about the country because the pundits were wrong and everyone else. so what does that tell you? nobody controls the government, but the people. if the people get frustrated, they can change direction. to me that's exciting and i feel , honored to walk into that building and be a small part of rightd let's let history for this moment of time, did we achieve what we said to the

public we would achieve? james: kevin mccarthy, house majority leader, thank you for your time. we appreciate it. thank you to everyone who came and thank you to everyone in our television audience watching online and c-span. mr. mccarthy: i read this every morning all the way through because it puts a lot of my instagram picks up. nobody does my instagram except me. james: thank you again. mr. mccarthy: thank you. pleasure.

>> follow the transition of government on c-span as donald trump becomes the 45th president of the united states and republicans maintain control of the u.s. house and senate. we will take you to key events as they happen without interruption. , on demandon c-span at c-span.org, or listen free on our c-span. -- act. congressional leaders, military officials and diplomats will be part of a form on national security issues. we will hear from mac thornberry and marilyn senator ben cardin. live coverage today at 8:30 eastern on c-span three. congressman tom price who is

donald trump's pick for health and human services secretary will be at the brookings institution and will talk about the federal government -- budget process live at 3:00. you can listen to it live on the free c-span radio app. journal" is next. we will take your calls and look at today's news. the house is back at 10:00 a.m. eastern and legislative business starts at noon. live house coverage is here on c-span. democrats hold their leadership elections today. who is a supporter of nancy pelosi will join us. utah congressman chris -- chris stewart will talk about president-elect donald trump's national security team.

read in our spotlight, max will talk about the recent piece on fake news. you can join the conversation on facebook and twitter. ♪ the house democratic caucus hosts their leadership election today. nancy pelosi is expected to retain her position despite a challenge why tim ryan -- challenge by tim ryan. stay close to c-span for those results. it is the "washington journal." november 30. statistics from the election shows a significant number of support came from the rural areas of the united states. a recent story featuring tom bill sack reported about his