for the affordable care act. later, presidential historian on the 75th anniversary of pearl harbor and its impact on the u.s. role in the world. 7, 1941,day, december a date which will live in infamy. ♪ host: today marks the 75th anniversary of the attack on pearl harbor. flags are at half staff to mark the event in honor of the american soldiers and civilians who died that sunday morning in 1941. we will begin our program today hearing from you come out viewers, about the legacy and lessons of the attack on pearl harbor. want to hear from you,

if you have a personal memory -- if you are a world war ii veteran and you are watching, we would love to hear from you this morning. .hat number, 202-748-8002 otherwise, viewers in the eastern and central united states can call in 202-748-8000. viewers in the mountain on pacific time zones can call 202-748-8001. you can also catch up with us on social media, on twitter and facebook. very good wednesday morning to you. we will be shown you some of the headlines from newspapers across this country. the headlines commemorating the 75th anniversary of the attacks on pearl harbor. he was two of them this morning. the first from "the washington times." pearl harbor survivors mark attack's milestone.

of "usa today" this morning. a picture of the uss arizona memorial there at pearl harbor. stories from survivors of the attacks. later.hell, it 75 years that even 75 years later. usa today with a listing of the day. that they 2335 military deaths. 68 civilian deaths. wall street journal with a story about survivors heading down to

pearl harbor for this 75th anniversary. more than 100 survivors converged on hawaii this week to attend the 75th anniversary commemoration. a fraction of the attendants in decades past were upwards of 3000 would turn out g. this morning, we will be talking about the 75th anniversary of pearl harbor. this first segment, we want to hear from you about the story that you might have from that day, the lessons, the legacy of pearl harbor. , oklahoma. tulsa

up first this morning. this is a very significant day in american for theand i'm grateful men and women who served in the military, particularly on that day. the leadership of president roosevelt throughout world war ii until he died and then harry truman finished it out -- i am a teacher and getting that story across to students is externally difficult because they don't have an memory. my memories come from stories from my father and grandfather. my grandfather served in world war ii. it is a very significant day. we should remember pearl harbor each and every year, but especially on this day. host: when you talk to those

students, what is the lesson of pearl harbor? when pearl harbor was , germany had already occupied the vast majority of europe with the exception of great britain. --an had to gone into china had gone into china. the world was already at war long before pearl harbor. we had a very weak military. compared to today's military. the quickness with which we transitioned into a military -- theuring that time ken burns documentary that this was a necessary war is on the money. in germany --in

why did hitler soon after pearl harbor declare war on the u.s.? probably the 20th century's most significant moment in how we live our lives today. host: thanks for the call. thank you for being a teacher. nathan is up in pennsylvania. good morning. like a goodds teacher there, the kind of teacher i had when i was a kid. the problem is a bit of the revisionism history, of course. young kids are so far removed from the struggle that that generation of grandparents went

through, they simply fall for that most of the chapters talk about the internment of japanese americans. the left always likes to have a cynical outlook and paint america in a bad way. you cannot indulge in what if history. if we had lost the battle of one,y, outnumbered 10 to what would have happened then? invariably what comes up is the internment of japanese. everybody that was for it was mostly the role. felix frankfurter was the head of the supreme court. roosevelt made him look at it. roosevelt was for it. the attorney general of california was for it.

camps,not concentration it was an exclusion zone on the west coast. behindan army that was romania, we had wooden guns to train with. yearsody watched for five the japanese invisibility with a slaughtered 600,000 chinese in just six weeks. they were about to go into australia. the american people were terrified. also, the internment of 13,000 germans and thousands of dimaggio'sd even joe father lost his business because of his italian name. what would have happened to the japanese people in california if we had lost midway? it was actually for their safety, too, even though it

wasn't fortunate. -- even though it was unfortunate. host: stick around and listen to our last segment. naftali is a presidential historian. dolores is in south carolina. good morning. caller: good morning. i was having a 13th birthday party when they broke in and said the japanese have bombed pearl harbor. even at that age, we knew something cataclysmic had happened. it stunned us, it destroyed the party, of course. since. has been the same

i remember it so vividly, vividly, vividly. host: you remember december the eighth? did you listen to president roosevelt's speech? caller: i'm sure i did, but i don't know what he said. host: what are the memories that stick up for you in the days after pearl harbor? everybody thought the japanese were so invincible, we were looking for anything to happen. i was in new york. that is my hometown. we knew that we were on the east coast, but we were fearful for our neighbors on the west coast. even as young people. knew that were a little older, 17, 18, 19, they

immediately went to try to join the army. host: did you have family members going as well? child. no, i am an only host: do you remember the end of the war? caller: yes, i do. downtown new york and on the 14th floor and we were all leaning out the window screaming over, it'sng, it's over, it's over. it was beautiful. host: thank you for calling in and sharing your memories. for those who want to do the same, a special line for world war ii vets in particular, 202-748-8002. otherwise, eastern or central time zones this morning, 202-748-8000. in the mountain or pacific

region, 202-748-8001. as the laura's noted, we played roosevelt'ssident speech to congress on december 8. -- as dolores noted. [video clip] >> as commander in chief of the army and navy, i have directed that all measures be taken for , that always come up with our full nation, remember the character of the onslaught against us. [applause] >> no matter how long it may take us to overcome this premeditated invasion, the

american people in their throughs might will win to absolute victory. [applause] that i interpret the will of the congress and of that wele when i assert will not only defend ourselves through the uttermost but will make it very certain that this form of treachery shall never again in dangerous. -- in danger us. host: we will be playing president roosevelt's speech to congress as part of our coverage this weekend on american history tv on c-span3. we will be devoting the entire day on saturday to the coverage of the pearl harbor 75th anniversary.

back to the phones. we want to hear from you this morning about your memories and your thoughts on the legacy, the lessons of pearl harbor. john is in detroit, michigan. good morning. caller: hello. retired superintendent of the detroit public schools. i'm 81 years old this month. i remember pearl harbor well. i was in detroit at the time. there was a comic strip that came out in the detroit times that also had lyrics, "remember " something like that. i got father at pearl harbor when it was hit. godfather at pearl harbor when it was hit.

we did not hear from him for six months. was a total blackout of all letters. we did not know if he was alive or dead. he was a corporal in the army. i will never remember that. powerful, powerful memories. i wrote about it in my autobiography, in fact. many years later, i still remember that so well. the war.r uncles in host: when people say remember pearl harbor today, what do you think they mean? very few of us were alive at the time. pearl harbor certainly was a turning point in the assertion of american power.

happened, we joined france,es and helped helped great britain defeat hitler and hirohito. it was a turning point like no other for the united states it ranks right up there with the revolutionary war and the civil war. host: thanks for the call from detroit, michigan. on twitter -- we want to hear your thoughts this morning. our phone lines are open.

world war ii veterans, 202-748-8002. we would love to hear your voices this morning. we will be talking about pearl harbor in our last segment. amy is in california. good morning. you are up next. caller: good morning. have a question or clarification based on a statement made earlier by a caller. he stated that the japanese were not interned. i believe they were american citizens of japanese the scent -- thdescent. host: they were both american citizens and noncitizens that were interned. thatll be talking about part of world war ii as well as some other aspects and the legacy of world war ii.

an associate professor of history at washington state column in histe a local paper about what it means to remember pearl harbor. "75 years of perspective, re-examine the legacy of pearl harbor, even as served."those who

you can read the column in his , "the washington esman review." caller: good morning. i was in the naval service hospitals. several of my fellow officers i ere not in pearl harbor but veterans of the pacific and several of them were

interned in japan and several of told me tales of their internment in japan and the philippines. who, when one officer he was interned, took a dictionary to the prison camp and he memorized the dictionary. i just remembered their tales of them telling me their experience as the abducted in world war ii. this was after pearl harbor when japan then conquer to the rest of the pacific islands and what quered the- con rest of the pacific islands and what have you. host: what were your feelings about the japanese during world

war ii? caller: i did not resent them. i had a short tour in japan and outlook enjoyed their with me and their experience, they had no animosity towards me. i really like the japanese people when i was there. it was just their leaders -- as , the japanesery people did not know what their leaders were doing. it was a selective military. army in navy who were doing all this, the planning of the bombing of pearl harbor. they were in indonesia and china and going down.

their ships and for their economy. people, theapanese normal people did not know what was going on. the white house announcing this week that president obama will meet with the japanese prime minister in honolulu, hawaii on december 27. the president will accompany the prime minister to the uss arizona memorial at pearl harbor to honor those killed. the two leaders will showcase the power of reconciliation that has turned former adversaries into the closest of allies. that is the statement from the white house and their announcement this week. that announcement getting reaction from members of congress, including a congressman from california.

he wrote on his twitter page -- arlington, virginia. good morning. are you with us? caller: yes. good morning. i was alike to say that small child at the time of the pearl harbor bombing. in theer was serving british royal navy at that time. he was later killed as a result of enemy action. an episode occurred during the time of the bombing -- my mother was in the kitchen cooking breakfast. i heard her call out like she was in pain. i went to the kitchen and there she was and she was crying and sobbing, terribly upset. she had just heard a radio announcement about the bombing

and she said, "thank god. now, america will come into the war, for sure." basically, that was it. time, my father was still alive and serving. i think god for america today. james in chattanooga, tennessee is up next. caller: thank you for taking my call. i'm a 67-year-old vietnam veteran. cool's -- ico-op had two uncles who both served in world war ii. my mother's brother went into and as a young

, his unit wentn into berlin and auschwitz and freed to several jews -- and freed several jews. they were decorated but it was not recognized here in the united states. my father's brother was killed in germany. when my mother's brother came home after freeing the jewish people in germany, he was not recognized here in the united black-and-white was still separated and not given .he proper recognition that was the only sad outcome of world war ii. the racism and divide in america continued on. host: despite that lack of

recognition, was their service a reason you joined? caller: yes. my whole family come all the way , encouraged us to serve in the military. it was a benefit we thought would be the best thing to do in order to bring closeness and shut out some of the divide. lord knows, through time and time, it evolved. the lack of recognition always hurt when it came to wars and black soldiers should have gotten and they did not get recognition from the v.a. they were the last to get service in the v.a. when they came home. that was the saddest part about the war that i remembered, that

my uncles could not get service in the v.a. statistics from the v.a., about 60 million americans served in the american military during world war ii. alive at theem beginning of 2016. 372 of those world war ii veterans estimated to die each day in this country. -- 16 million americans served in the american military during world war ii. 7423e state of kentucky, living world war ii veterans live throughout the state of kentucky. calling in on pat that line for world war ii veterans. thank you for the call this morning. caller: good morning. host: what is your memories of that day? caller: i served in the coast

guard in world war ii because i went into the service because i have five brothers in and st thought i would help get it over with. i was born right after world war i. we were sort of isolationists right up until pearl harbor. that shocked us and woke us all up. everybody was patriotic. boys that were 18 joined the war right away. d.c. served in washington, my oldest brother was a prisoner of war. my other poor brothers and served in the navy -- my other four brothers served in the army and navy. part.ed to do our

we all came home safe and sound. do you remember what it was like coming home? celebrated. it was a wonderful day when the war was over. we were kind of isolationists when i was little in the 1920's and 1930's. we knew what was going on. we knew there was a bad man in germany. we read about him in school and whatnot. we just sort of ignored that come i believe. when we got hit at pearl harbor, that woke us up. louisiana,e state of 7800 living world war ii veterans. charles is calling in on that line for world war ii veterans from shreveport. good morning. caller: good morning.

when it happened, i was 11 years old, i was playing with a friend i went to school with -- his father came upstairs and said, listen, pearl harbor's been bombed. radio.heard it on the ,e went to school the next day , we were all in the auditorium and they played roosevelt's speech. thatnly thing we could do -- everybody thought they were going to attack us here on the land.

they were asking for all kinds of metal. of stampsy $.10 worth and put them in a book. bond.ould give you a $25 $.10 was big. -- ie very end of the war would sell papers on the street. the gazette and they give me a bunch of papers and i went up to the hospital

and they bought everyone of them. people industry did not know what was going to happen. host: do you remember what the headline was? no, the headline was "war ends." everybody came out into the .treets there were celebrating. it was a big deal. i joined the marine corps when i turned 18. i turned 16 and got myself in shape to get into the marine corps --

host: i appreciate you telling us about the history and the newspaper especially. looking back on some newspapers decembernext day after 7, here's the december 8 peoriaer from "the journal-transcript." we want to hear your stories and your thoughts this morning on the 75th anniversary of the attacks on pearl harbor. world war ii veterans, 202-748-8002. if you are in the eastern or central time zones, 202-748-8000

. if you're in the mountain or pacific regions, 202-748-8001. we will get back to your calls in just a second. we want to give you some news updates on what's happening today on capitol hill. one of the things we are expecting on the senate floor toay is a series of tributes vice president joe biden. that is expected to happen around 3:00 p.m. the group of democrats and republicans will honor joe biden's legacy today with a series of four tributes to the outgoing vice president. the tribute was the brainchild of senator chris coons. story, keeping you updated on that continuing resolution, the budget resolution language for the cr was released yesterday.

this would be the stopgap measure that would fund the government through april 28. language notes the included in that resolution, some of that language is next decade process for the senate to year with bill next language that examines the next secretary of defense confirmed by the senate from a law that requires retired officers to be out of service for seven years -- smoothing the who leftjames mattis the service three years ago. general mattis was at that rally that donald trump held yesterday. his thank you rally in fayetteville, north carolina. there is a picture in the "your

times." -- in "the new york times." back to your phone calls, 10 minutes left in this segment of "washington journal." theill be talking about 75th anniversary again in our last 45 minutes of today's program. john has been waiting in somerset, massachusetts. good morning. caller: how are you doing? i am 63 years old. obviously, i was not alive at the time -- my dad was. he was at pearl harbor when the bombs started to fall. he served in the south pacific. still really difficult for me to watch documentaries or movies or new stories -- news stories about pearl harbor. it is really disturbing.

do you think of your father every time? caller: yes, i do. it was really tough for my mom at the time. he used to wake up in the middle of the night with bloodcurdling screams. the timetalked about at pearl when they bombed. mom what i remember, my saying they used to grab any to go and pick up the dead and wounded. it was a real horrible time for my dad. host: a lot of people call the september 11 attacks in 2001 this generation's pearl harbor. did you think about your dad that day?

caller: absolutely. i so feel for the families and at 9/11nds of everybody as well as pearl harbor. whont to thank all the vets were at pearl harbor who went through all that. host: today, the 75th anniversary of the attacks on pearl harbor. ,n the 60th anniversary president george w. bush was just under two months removed from the september 11 attacks. in the wake of those attacks, he went to pearl harbor to the uss enterprise to give a speech about the attacks on pearl harbor and what they meant that year in that time. [video clip] known,he details became

the nation's returned to resolution. during four years of war, no one doubted the rightness of our cause. no one wavered in the quest for victory. as a result of the efforts and sacrifice of the veterans who are with us today and millions like them, the world was saved from tyranny. many of you in today's navy are the children and grandchildren of the generation that fought and won the second world war. come.ou're calling has has come.r calling each one of you is commissioned by history to face freedom's enemies. when the enterprise sailed out of norfolk last april, we were a nation at peace. all that changed on the morning of september 11.

you were among the first to fight in the first war of the 21st century. you were ready. you performed with skill and honor and you have made your nation proud. [applause] president george w. bush on the 60th anniversary of the attack on pearl harbor on the 70th anniversary, president barack obama traveled to the memorial for a wreath laying. all of these events you can watch from the c-span archives. you can go to www.c-span.org to check them out, easy to find their. -- easy to find there. we will be looking for any statements from president-elect donald trump today. announced this morning he was named time magazine's person of the year.

five minutes left for your calls in the segment of "washington journal." mary, good morning. caller: i was in the first grade in south carolina. my dad did not have to go to the baked 24/7 his job we had the marines -- air raids all the time. itwas very scary because felt like there were some under the water out in the atlantic. much. my country so it was very scary.

i was in the first grade. itself, how long it went , by thatays it ended time, we had moved to charlotte, north carolina. my mother said go downtown and get some ribbons, we are going to papa's. they were putting up all the red, white and blue lighting downtown. we came up to my grandfathers in winston-salem and while we were having dinner, the war ended. we lived nine miles out from downtown winston. i had a cowbell. i knew where the cowbell was. i went out in the backyard and ring that cowbell. everywhere,ar noise firecrackers going off.

my sisters ran out with their pans and pots and stuff. i also remember being with a dear lady on the day they dropped the bombs, the atomic bombs. it was on the radio. she said, marianne, you will remember this the rest of your life. remember lookingumb out on her garden when the bomb was dropped. it was really difficult for me because i really did have an aversion to the japanese because they hurt our boys when i was such a young girl. even when i was at auburn, i remember in pe, there was a japanese girl in my class and i never would say hello to her. i'm 81 years old. i don't remember everything, of course. the day fdr died,

they took us out on the playground and we watched the flag go down to half staff. i remember crying because we all loved him and he had taken us through the war. you might be interested in a story that is in "washington times" today, children during pearl harbor remember the attack. schoolgirlf a you can see the gas masks in their laps there. ron in florida. go ahead. caller: good morning. how are you doing? i would like to inform you of my usse that was on the

-- uss ward. fired the first shot of world war ii at a sub that was trying to enter the harbor. host: was it a destroyer? caller: yes. mostlymanned by reservists from minnesota. he was manning the gun that fired the shot. -- calledbook written "the uss ward" that will inform you about this. the sub was discovered about 2005 with that exact hole right which made usde, all proud to know it was finally discovered and shown that he had fired the first shot.

it is in the book. host: thank you for the call. beverly hills, florida. go ahead. caller: good morning. -- ie a couple of comments was only three at the time of the attack. but, going towards the end of the war, the last couple of months, there was a picture in one of the major newspapers eyesng a prisoner with his covered, kneeling with his head down. a japanese soldier with a samurai ready to chop his head off with his hands up. also, something i heard years later from veterans, that they knew -- the united states knew

of the attack, it was coming. recently, within the last few years, there was a special on showision which tried to that this is a possibility because this is how we got into the war. host: i encourage you to stick around for our last segment. ftali will join us. he specializes in u.s. intelligence history. he is a presidential historian as well. we will be talking about some of these issues. that is happening at 9:15. up next, we will be joined by ohio democratic congressman tim ryan. later, indiana congressman

us, heucshon will join will discuss the portable care act and its future under a republican congress. act.e affordable care president obama in his final national security speech talked about some of his a accomplishments as president. [video clip] president obama: i came to this office with a set of convictions that have guided me as commander-in-chief. i believe the united states military can achieve any mission . that we are and must remain the strongest fighting force the world has ever known. [applause] president obama: i believe we must never hesitate to act when necessary, including unilaterally when necessary against any imminent threats to our people.

that it also insisted is unwise and understandable -- unwise to ask our military to build nations on the other side of the world or resolve their , particularlyicts in places where our forces become a magnet for terrorists and insurgents. instead, it's been my conviction that even as we focus relentlessly on dismantling terrorist networks like al qaeda , we should ask allies to do their share in the fight. we should strengthen global partners who can provide lasting security. these convictions guide us to policies we pursued both in iraq and afghanistan. unitestook office, the

states was focused -- thelmingly on iraq united states was focused overwhelmingly on iraq, helping to build a democratic government. meanwhile, al qaeda had regrouped in afghanistan and pakistan and was actively planning attacks against our homeland. so, we brought nearly 150,000 ,roops home from iraq consistent with the status of forces agreement negotiated by the previous administration and we searched our efforts in afghanistan which allowed us to focus on dismantling al qaeda and giving the government the ability to succeed. , the most on al qaeda dangerous threat to the united states at the time paid dividends.

measure, for al qaeda, the organization that had , is a shadow of its former self. [applause] host: you can watch the entire event on www.c-span.org. joining us now at our desk, ohio --gressman congressman ryan ohio congressman tim ryan. you said that the press conference after the vote that you are three votes sent a message. that message was heard. -- your 63 votes sent a message. two things internally ourt our reform pushed by ewer members, that was

the internal stuff adopted in the last week or so, which i'm very pleased about. and then externally, it was our message. we were not talking about economics. we were slicing and dicing up the electorate and who is black, who was white, who is brown, who , andy, who is straight then trying to talk to people in that lane. i wanted us to start talking about economics, things that unite all of those people. everybody wants a job come everybody wants good health care. when we talk like that, when we speak to the economic needs of people -- that is what is on their minds -- then we connect better to them. in the last week or two, we've been moving in that direction with our message. host: are you happy with how the election was run? herstill got 63 votes to

134. what if nancy pelosi's comments against you during the election was that you could not even carry your own district for harry lee clinton -- four r hillary clinton. you did actually when your district for hillary clinton by about five or six points. guest: i was not in charge of the national message, i was not in charge of saying we need to -- the economic courts here chords here. there's a lot of members of congress who got elected and secretary clinton did not do well in their congressional district. i don't think it's our job to help them get elected. my main point was, look, we have to get away from slicing the electorate. we have to talk about jobs. sometimes, we talk about the minimum wage, which i am for an increase, but we speak just to

that. we are not talking about middle-class wages and how we we'dpeople a raise -- if teamed economic gains in the last 20 or 30 years, the bottom 90% of not seen anything. it went clearly to the top 10%. if you are not fitting that theme every single day when atple are sitting i their kitchen table figuring out how they will make their house payment, those kinds of things are on people's minds. host: did you see the democratic caucus not sticking to that? you seem optimistic they are going to. what do you do? is there something you can do inside the caucus? is there a coalition you can build? using the conservative freedom caucus build a coalition on their side and make changes, policy changes were moved policy in a direction they want to see. is that something you can replicate among house democrats? guest: i do think there needs to

be something internally to really help drive this message and keep our focus. leadership is about keeping the organization focused on task come on message, for filling the mission of the organization. we are having conversations now with a lot of the people who supported me publicly and supported me privately. 's ourcongressman tim ryan guest from ohio, the youngstown area of ohio. the phone lines are open. democrats can call 202-748-8000. republicans, 202-748-8001. .ndependents, 202-748-8002 he will be with us for the next 35-40 minutes or so here on the "washington journal." i want to get your thoughts on speakingd trump is that message you've been talking about, specifically with his actions in recent days on the carrier deal.

your thoughts -- was that a policy win for him? guest: i commend him for getting involved. i'm not one of those people who will bash him for trying to save jobs in america. i'm thrilled for the thousands of people that will be employed there. we deal with that in my congressional district, in my state all the time. i would be the first one calling folks to put a deal together -- it is not a sustainable model for us. he national policy that incentivize companies like carrier to be here in the united states. we need a national manufacturing policy, a national job policy where we make sure every able-bodied american who wants to go to work can go to work.

i'm glad and happy that this happened. in a couple months, donald trump will be president of the united states. he will be dealing with syria, isis, the middle east that he will not be able to get on the phone and make calls. we just lost 1200 jobs at our local gm plant. this happens in the economy. ,hile i commend the sentiment the best thing we can do is sit down and figure out policies to keep companies here. host: jack is up first on the line for democrats from providence, rhode island. caller: good morning, gentlemen. let's lay it on the line straight here -- the congressman is a nice guy and i like him, but here's the situation. -- i workedic party on wall street for over 30 years , did quite well.

i reached the levels of middle management. there are things he cannot say. the democratic party is under the control of coastal financial elites. the coastal financial elites, who i work for, and they were good to me, control hillary clinton. ohio went for the republicans because of what the gentleman just described, the working situation. he cannot say it. , they will come down on him like a 10 of bricks. guest: i have said it. i said it in the last couple of weeks, we have become a coastal party. by manybeen perceived people in the country is more concerned with fundraising, more being at high dollar fundraisers with celebrities then we happen with

concerned -- then we happen concerned with working people in youngstown, ohio. it is true. in this. be hostile we need to make sure we have people who want to do business in the united states. it's about bringing a level of fairness and making sure we have that everyone can participate income, not just the top 10%. in the last 20 or 30 years, all the income gains went to the top 10%. the people in my congressional district have seen flatline, not even a cost of living. coastsre people on the who need us who are working class people. i would go on some of these tv i'ms in new york and talking to people behind the camera who are living paycheck to paycheck. there are really wealthy people in new york and california, but

there are also a lot of working-class people. dust getant to into into completely dividing, dividing. we are all americans. we all want an opportunity to from the buckeye state, lawrence is waiting on the line for an --independents. lawrence, go ahead. caller: good morning. first of all, to the congressman, i appreciate that you ran against nancy pelosi despite the outcome, because i think it sent a message to your party that visionary leadership is needed. i voted for barack obama twice. in this election, i went the other way, because i did not think the democratic nominee was really speaking to the needs of our region. beingk politics were played to the extent that i have never seen it before.

i just want to get your opinion on the identity politics within the democratic party. african-americans within our opinion -- within our community democrat,s to vote but not all of us feel that way because of the identity politics that were being played. host: to be clear, you voted for donald trump? caller: i did. guest: there you go. that is exactly what i have been talking about. that is an african-american male that was in cincinnati, ohio who voted for donald trump. that is because donald trump was speaking directly to his economic interest. either they went in voted for trump like this gentleman did, or they stayed at home. it is any, unsustainable model for us as democrats. we have hollowed out middle america. we do not have much representation in any of those states. if you look at the last few 900 statehave lost

legislative seats. is about 60 some state legislatures. 31 secretaries of state. we do not have anything down in washington right now. we are now about to get a new, republican supreme court nominee. we are getting slaughtered. it is about being honest with each other as to what happened with our party. this is a tough conversation for us to have. we need to have it. host: what about democrats who did not vote for you? you look at the house democrats seek to have been lost since 2008 -- guest: i think the sentiment is that this is different from a popular election. there is a lot of concern about committee chairmanships.

speaker pelosi has had a lot of personal relationships with people. i was try to make the argument that this is not personal, it is about our party. everyone has to be accountable for their position in their vote in the direction they want to see the democratic -- for their position, their vote, the direction that want to see the democratic party going. i laid out where i wanted the two democratic party -- the democratic party to go in. any word that you might see some impacts on your committee seats or lose a post in the party? guest: no, no. myself and 62 others were giving real voice to concerns we have. i think we represent a lot of people in the country that feel the same way. from new york on the line. good money. caller: -- host: good morning.

caller: [no audio] from let's go to joe hackensack, new jersey on the republican line. caller: good morning. commerce man, how are you? -- congressman, how are you? i have to tell you, i used to be a democrat. your party is being taken over by the socialist and. pelosi,ou try to defeat but your party is done. it has gone so far to the left. all you go for is welfare and killing babies. i do not know what is going to be with the democratic party. socialism has not worked anywhere in the world. have progressive values. i still have progressive values. there are many issues that i am very supportive of. , but weot for socialism are for economic security.

we are for the average person having job security, increased wages, a secure pension, a secure retirement, good welfare. that is what we are for as democrats. we are also for creating the type of economy in which the millennial generation can move around in. it is going to be a different economy. it is going to be more mobile. when you talk with them about affordable health care, tensions, job retraining benefits. we need to allow people to maneuver in this dynamic economy that we are participating in. the problem is, in many ways, neither political party is addressing the kind of changes that need to happen in order to allow the economy to thrive. what i'm hearing from donald trump, it is not going to have that big of a difference. corey, good money. caller: good morning. given the effects on climate

change and a model built on inequality, that the democratic party have any plans to replace capitalism? if not, why not? well, no. the short answer is we are not going to replace capitalism. i believe most people believe that capitalism is still the best system for us to have. the way we move capital around the world, it has a lot of benefits and efficiencies as opposed to a command control government run economy. the capitalistic system right now is not working for many, many americans. our responsibility as policy makers to mention that people do have economic securities. what are the policies we need to put in place? if you go back 75 to 100 years, we needed social security to

provide security for people going into retirement, because you cannot work when you are older. medicare so that people could have medical care in their later years. medicaid, so that if you are poor you could still have some health care. safety at the workplace. 40 hour work weeks. pensions. all of these things in the out of it capitalistic system that had some rough edges. we knock off the rough edges, and we provide security. here we are today. high levels of inequality. people are losing their pensions. ,ow we have to be aggressive those of us in policymaking positions, to help people have economic security. initalism needs to stay place, but we need to be more proactive in addressing those difficulties that come with a capitalistic system and not ignore them. tot: a lot of democrats want talk to you as we talk about the future of the party. one of them is david.

david, good morning. caller: good morning. i am sure you are glad that you are on this morning. i hope you do not cut me off. on social security, the republican party voted against social security. in 65, they voted against medicare. tim, i appreciate you being on and i am grad -- you ran against nancy pelosi. it is time for change. i hope you run for president in 2020. host: is that on your radar? guest: no, not right now. i just got off a tough, two-week campaign. i cannot imagine that right now. host: who is the leader in the democratic party right now? guest: it is tough.

the voicesm one of of leadership in the democratic party, and i am happy to do it. i think it is important for me to step up and others like me that have been around for a little bit. those who have a unique light of being a little bit younger but also have experience. really, what this was about in the run against leader pelosi, i was trying to say that i was a little bit in my comfort zone, too. i have three kids and two dogs. i can hear most of the week, and i hate not being with my family. these campaigns can get tough, but we have to step up. it is time for people to step up. i challenged myself, and i did it. i hope in some ways that you challenged other people -- not just in washington but around the country. we need new leadership, and we need to be excited about pushing new aggressive -- progressive values around the country. host: there is a story from "the

hill." it was interview with joe biden after his time in the administration. guest: i love joe biden. i like the fact that he signaled for people that he is still in the game. saying, i amn still here and i'm not going anywhere. that is what we love about him. that is what we love about them as democrats. host: even though he is not one of the newer faces? ,uest: no, clearly he is not but he is an important phase. he is the guy we were bringing into union halls in youngstown, ohio. he is loved by working-class people. i think it is important that he really embodies what we stand for as democrats. 3:00 on the senate floor, there will be a tribute to joe biden. it will begin at 3:00. we will find out when it ends. we will carry it live on c-span

two. neil is in augusta, georgia. neil, you are on with the congress meant. caller: thank you for your service congressman. i think you have a movement inside the democratic party, and a movement inside the republican party for a more third-party system. an independent system that can be a counterweight against the democrats and republicans. my question is -- i think you could be the face of that simply because you got 63 votes. i'm sure you could have gotten 80 or 90 if everyone was not afraid of the parties, the money. my question is, would you be willing to go that route and look out for the american public versus the parties? well, i understand the

sentiment of people getting tired of both parties at this point. i think there is an independent flavor in our politics, but i am a democrat. i believe in the democratic party. i believe in the values of the democratic party. i have seen what the democratic party can do when he gets it felt focused on the issues that really matter to all americans. i'm going to continue to state a democrat, but as you have said -- i am not afraid to have an independent voice. i think it is important for us obama askedresident us to do which is give donald trump a chance. we need to very closely evaluate what his proposals are once they land on ancient of papal -- paper -- on a sheet of paper. matters tosee if it our constituents.

we may agree with what the american people have done, and many of us have spent time tried to campaign against president elect trump. we need to figure out if this policies are good or our people. if they are, then we should support them. less will there be last -- time spent wringing hands over donald trump's tweets? i think we are in uncharted waters here. is themedia said, this only way he is communicating with us right now. the media has the right to provide a lot of criticism and critique. that is what your role and responsibility is. clearly, he is having a bad news cycle. he tweets something out about flagburning, and it is a constitutional issue so the media feels obligated to address it. it is a first amendment issue. the defenders of the first amendment, and we have to

address it. so, everything shifts. who knows what he is doing. he is very good at this stuff. i think you have to be careful. i think we are all going to be getting used to this, and we have to stay focused on what the real issues are. just because donald trump has a , we small attention span have to stay focused. that is what the american people want us to do. host: line for democrats, june is in fx, virginia. june, the head. representative tim ryan, i am so proud of you as a democrat and so when that leans independent. i wish you had been on the ticket. i am very proud of you running against nancy pelosi. i think she had her time. i think you are a voice of aason, and it would have been much better poll for us to have moderation in congress and find

compromises that work for the american people. i hope you stay in politics. i wish i had been one of your constituents and could have voted for you. guest: thank you. host: robert in pinehurst, north carolina. robert, good morning. caller: good morning. i have a question for the representative. we talk about economic security, and we talk about capitalism. capitalism, to me, is a system -- it is the only one out there. it is not perfect, but it is the only one out there. in america, we do not have capitalism. we have something between capitalism and socialism. , to me, iscurity something that is pursued by the individual that the government cannot guarantee. so, my question to the representative is -- if you are different from nancy pelosi, how so as far as economic security and capitalism? guest: let me first disagree

with you in little bit that the government must, collectively, not have a role in providing economic security. that is clearly an individual responsibility. for the most part, it is. , and youom an area probably know this in north carolina though maybe not necessarily in pinehurst, you have people that work 30 or 40 years in a factory and they pay into a pension. that is their money. when they are negotiating their contract, they are saying do not give me wages right now. set this aside. take this money and invest it, and i want it back in 30 or 40 years. that contract was broken, and many people in youngstown, ohio lost their pension. i believe the government has irresponsibility to step in. -- has the responsibility to step in. these people play by the rules and pay into a pension, so we

need to make sure it is secure. same thing with health care. just because you grew up poor or the health care costs are too much for you to a ford, then we have an obligation in the wealthiest country that god has ever created in history of our planet -- everyone deserves health care. i think we have the responsibility to do that. it does not mean you have to get rid of the capitalism system, but you have to provide some security around it to make sure there is some humanity in our system. profit andnot just deficiencies, because in many ways that leads to the collapse of an economy. we saw this with people chasing their self interest. our member reading about the subprime mortgage. everyone chased their self interest right off the cliff. we do have a responsibility to come together through our government and legislative bodies to provide some security.

wise, again, i am a progressive. i want us to focus more on being economically progressive and not just socially progressive. people want a job. they want higher wages, and they want security. so manyhave to work hours a week that they miss the football or soccer game, because they have to pay the bills. that is not the kind of america, to me, that many want to live in. host: beverly is in north china. on the democratic line, beverly, good money. caller: good morning, how are you? guest: good money. caller: good morning. i'm hearing black people call in and say they voted for donald trump, because they did not like henry clinton. clearly, they do not listen to donald trump while he was running. he was an egotistical idiot as far as i'm concerned.

unquenchable -- on questionable prejudice. the democratic party has not changed. it has always been for the little man. maybe because we lost this election everyone is going crazy. america is full of hatred, and that is why donald trump one. -- won. i am sorry you lost, but i feel that most people thought that because we did win the popular vote by millions that we really did not win or lose. anothergo through this time, and maybe the next time you will win. guest: thank you. i would just say that it is not only about 2016. clearly, presidential elections affect down the ballot elections. 2010, 2012, 2014,

2016 where we got slaughtered. it is about 33 governors that are now republican, and 31 secretaries of state. he had been mollis. host: -- we had been demolished. host: going back to her comment, is hatred the reason that donald trump one -- won? guest: i think there is an element to it. donald trump, and that is repugnant to a lot of us. people that many voted for barack obama twice and then voted for donald trump. that was an african-american who called in. we cannot put these into little boxes to make us feel better. there was an element in his campaign that we totally disagreed with, and we fought it to him now. we will try to keep that element suppressed in our society, because it has no place in a

diverse country like the united states. but there were a lot of people that were feeling pain and hurt and were not able to make ends meet. we need to be there and not say "you are racist." foreed to say, "you voted barack obama twice." we lost the states. most people are not racist. most people want a job. they felt like we were not talking to them. host: once more to north carolina. bill is when -- is in wilmington. bill, go ahead. caller: good morning, tim ryan. guest: good morning. caller: as a former -- youngstown resident, i want to share a little bit of a story. i spent most of my life working in youngstown on a block away from gypsy lane. when i decided to stay in youngstown, i looked around and

said we have three major hospitals here. we have the youngstown state university one mile down the road. we have commercial sharing, general fireproofing, all of this. i thought, what could go wrong? i left skidmarks getting out of town about 10 years ago. i was back there this past summer. for the first time in 10 years, one block from gypsy lane, it looked like a war zone. -- thism saying is that is geared to everyone involved. where have all of you people in for the last 40 years? if i can live there and watch the city fall apart around me, surely someone else could have. you could take youngstown, detroit, i do not care where you take it -- this should never have happened. somewhere along the line, business, government, people,

unions, everyone should have been getting together and saying we have a potential problem that needs to be self. it just did not happen. -- needs to be solved. it just did not happen. guest: i will say two things. first of all, there are a lot of positive things happening in youngstown. that a tale of two cities two stories as you mentioned. first come -- it is a tale of two stories as you mentioned. all, we have a lot of software jobs coming in there now. we had edited manufacturing -- additive manufacturing in youngstown which is an area that is expected to grow in the next 10 years. we are working closely with president obama and the university. the present of youngstown state university is working very closely with us to try and grow new sectors of the economy. you did hit on something i want

to talk about. out if we areure committed to rebuilding the united states of america. we have to rebuild the country. we have a concentration of wealth, as we have said many times -- as i have said many times already. all of the income gains went from 90% of the people in our population to the top 10%. folks too ask those help us rebuild the country. jobs that cannot be outsourced. yes, it is infrastructure, but it is also broadband, moving to a renewable, clean energy economy, rolling out the great. all of these jobs cannot be outsourced to china. it is about substituting manufacturing by moving to a clean energy economy. we will build when panels and solar panels knowing that they

have 8000 component parts. things that we make in places like youngstown, cleveland, akron, gary, indiana. if we moved to a clean energy economy, we can resuscitate a new manufacturing base. high-end manufacturing. we have to be committed to rebuilding the united states. water lines, sewer lines, making sure there is not led in our drinking water. let us rebuild the country and get people back to work. it needs to be done, and we need to be committed to doing it. i think most people will be excited about it. it is going to make it so that every abled body american can get back to work. that is what democrats are for. that is how we will fix the economy. left about five minutes with the commerce and. joe now in florida. -- with the congressman. joe now in florida. caller: you have 322 million

people in this country, and the economy runs for about 100 million. the only thing that keeps capitalism going is a demand for product. that is the key. if you do not start getting money into people's hands, then this country is finished. have a good day, sir. guest: amen. demand-side economics. have to figure how to get this money and people back to work. we need to get people union jobs with union wages and pensions. unions have been set aside, even in the democratic party. we are afraid to talk about the men and women in building and construction trades. the people that are still workers -- steelworkers. they do not want to be trained on how to use computers great they want to use a backup -- how to use computers. they want to use a backhoe and sling cement. what do you need to see

yournancy pelosi to ensure message continues? house and you need to see it before the discussion you were talking about? the conversations i have had with people that are now taking over the message to the democratic policy committee -- they are very focused. onconversations with them the economic message. they recognize how important it is. our chairman at the d triple c is very focused on economics. he gets it. i think he is ready to make that happen. a lot of other changes need to happen at the dccc. what i would like to do is pull people together and really create, in some sense, and ideas committee.

i want the democratic party to be the party of ideas. the economy is so dynamic. it is changing in some anyways. talking about additive manufacturing, the maker movement, small business, and startups all over the united states -- what are the policies we need to have in place to grow out this new economy? you look at this issue of local -- how doarm to table we help that sector of the economy grow? we had these high rates of diabetes. many of these people are on the medicaid program. many of them are kids on the medicaid program. in schools, we feed them nothing but sugar. what is the idea that will help solve some of these problems? host: how much time do you give your party leadership to come forward they economic message before you go outside the usual

party structure to try and push them to do it? guest: i think we should do it now. there is not any time to wait. i think everybody needs to be working to push out this message. i do not think there is any time to wait. host: back to ohio. mark is an independent. mark, good morning. caller: good morning, thank you for c-span. thank you, mr. ryan, for your service. going back a few callers ago who brought up the fact that we are and more sostic socialistic because of school funding -- we get rid of stuff like this, and people will have more money in their pockets. but the corporations pay for the schools. let's get back to the constitution, because we are not supposed to be doing things the way we are doing things according to the constitution. it would help out the average american greatly.

congressman?ent -- are we doing too much? are we too far from the constitution? guest: i think in some regards we are and in some regards we are not. i do not think you can have pointed statements like that. i do not think having corporate funding and schooling is the way to go. there is a real value in education -- some corporations may not want to teach history or the arts or whatever it may be that helps us contribute to our society. i do think there is a general frustration that that we have a workforce that element system that is not getting people trained for the jobs that are coming up -- workforce development system that is not getting people trained for the jobs that are coming up or there. host: last call. democrat from indiana, gary. good morning. caller: good morning. in the name of the grassroots respects, id all

salute you. you are a friend to the people. talk, but i people will make this quick. i wanted to explain to some of these people who say that when we move jobs overseas is because it is our job to make money and that is it. explain to these people why that is wrong. host: you have a minute to do it. guest: well, you are exactly right. part of the problem is that we have had so many incentives to move jobs overseas. we have seen so many factories from ohio go right over the border to mexico and ship the same products that. we had workers go down to mexico to train the mexican workers down there. my cousin had a company where was tot act of his job unbolt the machines and ship them to china. those are the kind of traumatic events are folks are going through. that is what i am saying as a

democrat that the centerpiece of our agenda needs to be getting revenue from those people that have sent our jobs overseas and hollowed out the united states to fund a jobs program and a massive rebuilding effort in the united states. buildings,ilapidated make sure our downtowns are andh, that they have police firefighters on call ready to serve the country, that we pay our teachers more, that we have revenue for start of his this is to grow the economy, clean water and sewer lines. making sure there is not lead paint in these all -- in these old homes. we can rebuild the country. when you ask these people that have moved jobs overseas and have these huge profits to help us pay for that. that is the direction the democratic party needs to move in. tim ryan, comean back and talk with us again. guest: happy to come back.

thank you. host: coming up, we will discuss the future of the affordable care act. later, we continue our discussion on the legacy and lessons of pearl harbor on this anniversary of the attack on the naval base in hawaii. lit night, paul ryan because the street on the west front. here is it from last night's ceremony. ryan: not to be too carried away , but i cannot be more hopeful about our country and we are tonight. to see so many people work so hard for so long, to give our capital some christmas cheer, it is nothing short of inspiring. hope is not the expectation of good fortune. it is the demonstration of goodwill. dois the determination to good whatever the consequences may be. that is the message of the christmas story.

t's birth, like this tree, is a reminder that god is always with us. we may neglect him or reject him , but he never forsake us. he always welcomes us back into his warm embrace. he likes our way. he makes straight our path. he fills every valley in brings every mountain low. we need only accept the love he offers to us. that is what we are here to celebrate. that is why we are so pleased to share this wonderful, wet moment with you. mary, merry christmas, everyone. [applause] ryan: now, i would like to introduce our special guest of the evening. ms. isabella gerard. this is her first time in washington d c, and she will read it home and she wrote about

a christmas tree. a greatht she did such job that we thought we would say -- save the best for last. isabella, the microphone is yours. i am always blessed with beautiful mountains and force. in the winter, the mountains and forests are covered with snow making the landscape look like never ending class with skyscrapers covered in snow. big, tall trees. beautiful to look at an amazing to see. christine mountains. as thet in the forest, wind blows through the tile -- tall ponderosa pines, i feel a sense of peacefulness. to someone that has never been toa idaho forst, it is hard understand the size and beauty.

if only you could be here looking at these beautiful, idaho scenes. [applause] [cheering] speaker ryan: all right, this is the moment. let's all count down. 4, 3, 2, 1. [applause] cheering] ♪ >> "washington journal" continues. bucshon joins us now to talk about the affordable care act. congressman, let's start by breaking down what exactly

"repeal" means. all it mean a repealing of regulations including the medicaid expansion? what does it mean? guest: it means getting rid of .he mandates mean a repeal of almost all the law. there are things we agreed with before hand. for example, pre-existing conditions -- i was a surgeon before hand, and i have had haitians that could not get health care -- patients that could not get health care coverage. that is not right. a higher age for children to stay on their parents coverage, that is another thing we agree with. we do not agree with is a top-down health care system in

washington, d.c. with mandates. it is not working for the american people. repealow long will that -- that process take? donald trump talked about starting it in the first 100 days. guest: i think there is going to be a ramp out of the affordable care act. we do not know the exact timeline just yet. that needs to be worked out legislatively. we have said that we are not going to leave 20 million people out in the cold with no health care coverage. we are going to find a transition period that works for the american people. that has yet to be seen. i do think there will be a ramp out period of time. we will work that out legislatively. speaker ryan has said we need to go through a committee structure and work towards affordable health care for all people. host: as a surgeon and dr., how long do you think that process should take place?

what is the best way to do that? guest: i think it will be a couple of years before we can ramp out of this. we can use examples as indiana for a model for the future. forrn some of the authority the medicaid program back to the states. i think we need to look at our medicaid and medicare programs and look at how those are going to work in the future both financially and providing service to the american people. those are very complicated issues that need to be worked out. ,he other thing we need to do and our leadership is working with the insurance industry to and out what "repeal" "replacement" means, and what that timeline needs to be for the american people. that has yet to be worked out. for: 202-748-8001 republicans. 202-748-8000 for democrats.

202-748-8002 for independents. the congressman will be here for the next 45 minutes or so. is there a plan right now on the republican side that you think would be the place to start to come up with a plan? guest: first of all, the republican planning committee has a plan that we have put out publicly. dr. tom price has had a replacement plan for a long time that he has reintroduced every year. the most recent iteration of that was hr 2300. there are lots of plants that we could base the starting point on. for me as a physician, the main thing we have to do is make sure has accessamerican and availability to low-cost, health insurance coverage. so that you can take care of that for your self and your family.

it is true that 20 million more americans have coverage under the affordable care act. remember that 5 million or so lost their private-sector health insurance coverage in the individual market place when obamacare was it lamented. approximately 28 million, 10% of our population or so, are still uninsured mostly by choice. partially because the expense of the affordable care act are so high. the premiums are too high. even with subsidies, people are finding it difficult to afford health care. there are a number of plans out there as i have said. literally, honestly, hundreds of republican pieces of legislation to address specific problems with the affordable care act. host: anyone that wants to buy insurance, should they be able to get insurance? guest: absolutely. what that means to each

individual is not the decision to washington -- for washington, d.c. approximately 20 million are not choosing to -- approximately 20 million are not choosing to purchase health care right now with obamacare. we should have a system that allows people to choose. the cost of them are $300ated to be about billion. they said it would cost people coverage. this is the many for a responsible federal budget. chaired by both democrats and republicans. guest: there is a right to do that. that is assuming you repeal the affordable care act and you do not replace it with solid, private-sector insurance coverage. we need to reform some of our federal programs. people should look to what indiana has done on medicaid.

the indiana plan 2.0, i would encourage your viewers to google that and look it up. plan -- asa-based state-based plan that has ensured about 400,000 hoosiers. it has been very successful. many are satisfied with the plan. they've been reimbursed at a higher level that you would not see in traditional medicare. and also put people back in control of their health care. it allows them to make decisions about their own health care because it is a just a base. -- hsa-based. i think we will find under the replacement plan that these people are all going to have access to health care coverage again if they choose to pursue that. host: kyle is in elegant city, maryland. kyle, go-ahead. republicans controlled

everything in 2000, and they did nothing for health care. seems odd that now they are going to turn around and do something for health care. it republicans control everything, there is no one else to blame themselves now. they will have to step up and talk about the health care plans. the congressman, the senators, donald trump, they now own health care. it was obama's plan that ensured 20 million people, and it also extended medicare and provided lots of other benefits. they say they want to keep all of the great stuff that they like. i really want the republican ones to fix be the this. they have all these plans they talk about, so now it is time to

put them into practice. no more making excuses. guest: i cannot disagree that in 's republicans had a chance to fix health care, but you have to find a consensus. there just was not a consensus on what to do about the health care issue. you have to remember that the president obama -- that the president pushed through the affordable care act that a single public and vote, and we have seen the result. the public is want to go back to the drawing board, look at the parts we agree with, and find a way forward with that. we want to work through the legislative process. i would love for this to be a bipartisan effort. we know the affordable care act has raised the price of premiums and deductibles for many. that is just not right. there are people in my district that are not getting health coverage because of the adaptable and premiums. it is a collocated issue, and we

are hopeful that we can work through this in a normal way through the legislative process. work with both public and and democrat to make a difference so that everyone in our country has access to quality, affordable health care if they choose to do so. the other thing is, or member that 28 million of our federal citizens arelow still not insured. for the 20 million that have been injured through obamacare, only about half are in the medicare expansion. medicare is not working. it does not reimburse providers at a significant level. patients out there have an insurance card in their pocket, but no one will take it other than the emergency rooms. visits are up. -- e.r. visits are up. host: can you explain more about

the indiana plan?? money andy took the expanded and created the healthy indiana plan to point out. before the affordable care act, there was a pilot program. it ensured roughly 50 thousand or 60,000 people. that plan was working well. vice president elect mike pence i think worked very hard. they work very hard to put together a plan. they used the extra money from obamacare to make sure that we ensure about 400,000 hoosiers. we did it in a cost-effective, state-based way that is manageable and works for the future in contrast to traditional medicaid which is not working.

ohio onry jane is in the republican line. good morning. caller: good morning. i have changed my russian a little bit after listening to this conversation. this healthy care in indiana, i think that is exactly what we need. we need to start with health wellas a way to keep rather than treat the illness later. i hope that is something they can do by putting us back together. make it more like a mandatory thing that you go to get your physical exam each year and keep you healthy all the way along your life. they could start from the beginning and partner with insurance companies to have a mobile that you could rent or buy into a system, and you would have one area, and you would travel around to various areas to keep people healthy. show them what to do and where

they are going wrong. keep us healthy. guest: that is a very good point. one thing we have not done historically well is preventive health care. that is why a state-based plantlike healthy indiana 2.0 -- state-based plan like healthy indiana 2.0 works. people -- they were able to convince people that they can be healthy and live a better quality life. on the other end, it ask a does save money in the health care system. i could not agree more that whatever we do through the legislative process encourages preventive health care so we can keep health care costs down. if people do not get sick, then it does not cost the health care system money. the best part is that their quality of life is much improved. plant --ing to put in

plans and suggest options for people that promotes preventive health care. it is a very important clue -- piece, i agree. caller: next caller. go ahead. herer: he is sitting over claiming that they are going to replace -- they are not going to do anything. he knows it. obama still had the best idea. they do not have anything. they are going to try and tweak it or whatever, but it is going to destroy in the process. we have one other option. care,s public health period. obama came up with the best idea. guest: what action happened with obamacare was that they pushed it through. the senate version of the legislation -- they do not have

the votes after scott brown won the election in massachusetts. they do not have the votes to go to a conference committee. they did not keep the best parts that have proposed and work with republicans to put other ideas in the law that might have worked. really, obama care is a senate thet version of legislation, because they could not have gotten it through congress have a try to goes through committee. so, as an obama did not take any of our best ideas, because our best ideas are two reform are federal programs like medicare and medicaid. we want to work on behalf of veterans at the v.a. we also want to maintain a strong, affordable private sector insurance marketplace. the health care system needed reforms. iran and medical practice in evans -- i ran in medical

practice in evansville, indiana. every year, premiums are going up for our employees. knowing that no one would argue that we needed health care reform, but pushing it through congress without a single fact, whatvote -- in -- not theas the not right approach. it was not the way to go about this. host: is the individual mandate something that is working? guest: no, it is not. the penalties that were put in place are not enough to encourage people to buy health insurance. the primary reason is that the market people are independent thinkers. americans have their own ideas. they have always had choice and freedom, and the affordable care act tries to take away their freedom by mandating that they

purchase a product. that said, the uninsured does drive up the cost for the rest of us. we want to make sure that the options for people that are uninsured are very affordable. the affordable care act has not done that even with subsidies. as i said, about 20 million people are uninsured -- about 28 million people are uninsured. now on the democrat -- host: now on the democrat line. good one. caller: -- host: good morning. caller: republicans have tried to come up with a plan for years, and they have not done it. i think we should have health care for everybody. he is talking about having a plan that is affordable for everyone. you tell me what that kind of plan would look like? guest: the plans available right

now are not affordable to people. the premise. question that the affordable -- the premise to your question that the affordable care act has made things affordable is just not correct. it has resulted in the opposite. remember, about 5 million people lost their private sector coverage when obamacare was in limited. about 28 million people are still uninsured because they are priced out of the market place. affordable depends on your income level. we want to give tax credits to people based on your income level and how old you are. are at to make sure there portable products out there in the private sector. people that require our safety net programs like medicare will still have that option, but it is going to be more effective and efficient so that we can cover citizens in a fiscally responsible way. we want to make sure it is a sustainable system.

right now, our system is not sustainable. we got up this week that health care costs have gone up again to a record level in our country. so, i also want to address the cost of the product. i'm not talking about what it cost you for your insurance, but what the product itself costs. we are working on ways to get the cost down. host: about 20 minutes left with the congressman. he's a member of the congressional health care caucus. he is a former surgeon. he will be with us for about another 20 minutes. let's go to the line or republicans. beach, florida. wendy, good morning. caller: good morning. i have several points, and i will try to be quick. heard donald trump talking about how he was to keep the two points about parents with children and people with pre-existing conditions. the one thing i would like for

donald trump to do is repeal the entire act and allow insurance companies to have some kind of option in the insurance so that parents with children can put their kids on their insurance so that taxpayers do not have to foot that bill. i have pre-existing conditions, so the insurance companies cannot refuse me. months, i've been able to get full care because of the cuts that have been made to medicare and medicaid due to the money taken out of those programs to foot the bill for obamacare. some other things i would like , if you arene is very serious about doing changes to your health care, number one you would do short reform. number two, you would make it so that people can buy health insurance across state lines.

number three, you would cancel the law that any citizen born on the soil would be a citizen of the united states. that is a huge cost to americans. guest: let me address some of those. first of all, i think everyone agrees that people with pre-existing conditions should get affordable health care coverage. i mentioned earlier that i have had patients in that exact situation. people that have worked their whole life and could not get affordable health care because earlier in their life they had a disease like cancer or something that disqualified them within the current health care marketplace at the time. young people trying to get off the ground, sometimes i think health care costs limit their ability to do that. i think there are ways that are taxpayer-funded that can make sure they stay on their parent'' insurance as long as it is done affordably.

thatt to remind viewers obamacare took a lot of money under the medicare program. i think people forget about that. it was to help pay for the changes and medicaid expansion. they did that without even reforming the medicare program. i think that we need to look at is reestablishing a private sector health care marketplace that works for everyone. we need short reform as you mentioned. every country that has any degree of health care reform in .he world we also need to make sure that, in addition to the private sector, our federal government programs are reform through the future and are sustainable. they need to be solid safety net. host: two point out this quote from the "new york times" today. this news is coming off of statement by senate republican leaders after their meeting with

vice president elect mike pence yesterday. they said they can move immediately next month to start repealing the affordable care act despite some qualms among their members. they said that it will be the first item in the new year under mitch mcconnell. a caller is waiting to talk to you from arizona. good morning. caller: good morning. i was just going to ask him why we need short reform. i received the worst care i have ever received in my life. --alled an eternity, and i an attorney, and i found out i could not sue because i was not harmed. i was a medical professional who is now disabled. i recently visited a doctor. his doctor sat at the computer, filled out her form that i

cannot bill for as a practitioner -- when i was a practitioner. i get paid up multiple free time hours of paperwork that i could not bill for. this doctor sat at her computer, filling it out. foras $625 in medicare filling out forms on a computer in sending me out for test. i needed to have a mammogram done. should i have to go back to that dr.? and get another order to go to the mammogram when is people in the office that need to know and write the order? and be visit a doctor put on hold for my mammogram, have to wait and sit at home schedule death of having cancer, while the doctor cannot find the mammogram report and cannot do anything.

i am sorry. $625 to medicare for something i could never go for. uest: tort reform is about getting down the price of testing and those things done in healthcare field to protect and people estimate the healthcare system is being wasted because we don't have a degree of tort reform. said, obviously people who malpractice committed against them should have a way to have a remedy for that. say withing tort reform, we have to find a reasonable way forward to make sure we can get the cost of healthcare down by eliminating

defensivelawsuits and medicine practice. the other thing you point out is very common, i hear from doctors of time, spending a lot staring at a computer screen and to my patient. why is that? because the federal government as put in so many mandates and demanded so many things through the affordable care act, including meaningful use, record all ofe to this data, made it almost impossible not to spend a lot of screen, the computer rather than talking to and examining your patient. tennessee, g city, independent.n, an good morning. guest: good morning. aller: one thing that seems willing to control is the really why is healthcare and it smaller country consist to do so much more with healthcare and don't tell me that it doesn't work, because it other countries can do so much more with

solthcare, cheaper drugs and on? the thing that no politician heard so far is willing to tackle is the cost of healthcare, which is too high, and it is not driven by obamacare, it's driven by companies and big -- and so on. host: you talked a little about that. earlier,mentioned that price transparency and quality transparency of what you get for the combination of those two things is value. cost of isagree, the healthcare is too high in the united states and we want to try to address that. you know, the other thing is that other countries, systems are not serving the american people, they are serving their population of people. a country of 330 million people, we're very diverse all kinds of ve people who require certain healthcareeffort and issues and needs that others do not. it is very difficult to compare

healthcare system from a financial standpoint with systems around the world that have smaller populations, much more homogenious populations and the reality is, i know something know, the systems, you don't provide the type of healthcare service, expectations in the united re states. the canadian system, for xample, in my view, works very well for preventative healthcare issues, but when you get really quotas for how much their system pays for every year, for example, how many surgeries are paid for. and since citizens up there that have money have the ability to to the united states, it is a two-tiered system. the united states healthcare, that is true for other countries around the world. i was just in england, in healthcarelking about a couple weeks ago in fact, the reality is, it is a two-tiered

system. the national health months to u may wait get service. private service, it is just like here in the united states, you service.iate i think it is a difficult thing compare, but we need to work toward ideas that work for all citizens here in the united states. host: trenton, michigan is next, arline, a democrat. good morning. caller: good morning. you have a very safe and happy holiday season. host: thank you. guest: thank you. caller: i would like to ask your deal is what the big with repealing obamacare since everybody knew it was based on tier that mitt romney put in place for his home state and now is okay for a republican, it is not okay for us democrats? that ing is wrong in picture. host: okay. i'm : well, first of all, not going to comment on what happened in massachusetts, that is in the past. reality is, state-based programs are much different than our federal-based programs.

know, if they have flex toiblt do different things, specifically with medicaid, i'm favor of that. i mentioned earlier in the show, what we've done in indiana. what a state are does to what we do at a federal level with programs like and medicaid. it is just comparing apples to oranges. a physician,now as every american should have the have affordable healthcare coverage, if they choose to do so. regardless of where you live or what your background is, or pre-existing ve conditions, all of those things i think we can accomplish, but combination of reforming our federal healthcare net programs ty like medicaid and reestablishing a private sector health market place that people.r the american

the affordable care act has not done that, like i said earlier, 28 million people approximately are uninsured, of the people who have got insurance, some of them were forced to do that because they had to leave their own own physicians and hospitals approximately five or six million of those people, and medicaid expansion, expanding a program which is already financially strapped and will not be working for the future. ahead of us. task think it is very doable and i'm looking forward to the legislative process. obamacare is not the solution, that doesn't mean there aren't parts of the law that are good. we've said that for many years. host: a separate issue in congress recently debate came up on the floor over the funding of the select investigative panel on infant lives. guest: yeah. host: concerns by democrats that having a chilling effect on medical i'm looking forward to the legislative process. obamacare is not the solution, that doesn't mean there aren't parts of the law that are good. research.

jan shakowski was on the floor of the house during the debate saying the panel put life-saving research and women's healthcare at risk and had chilling effect on research, drying up supply of needed tissue for research on multiple sclerosis and research on diseases alzheimers to zica. it has saved millions of lives, polio vaccine. you are a member of that panel. guest: i am. gave a floor discussion about this exact issue. i disagree with what she said. .2% of research, nih funded fetal ch is using research, a small percentage. ooking back there, is approximately 75 vaccines that fetal alk about required tissue to make those happen. that is just factually not true, used fetal vaccine tissue to produce that, including polio vaccine. that is just factually not true.

the real argument, i think that side, e on the democrat they want to protect planned arenthood's ability to provide millions of abortions over the next 20 years, which they have the past, and continue to provide that service for the american people. to an, i think we need separate out what actually is true healthcare for women and fact that the democrat side is trying to protect the planned parenthood and organizations like them that perform tens of thousands of abortions across country. host: a debate on the house floor, if the viewers want to watch the debate. c-span.org, is where you can go to see any of the floor issues, floor speeches, we can pull it up for and you show you where go to mike in china lake, california, line for republicans. good morning. caller: yes, good morning to you. thank you for your show. god bless you. america.s i just wanted to say one thing,

resident,me california a union carpenter, well, used to thing anymore, no such as residential union carpenter in california anymore. high-speed rail is going to cost billions and if eliminate that, we'll have money here in california for the hcare and also immigration, with all the money going to healthcare for is nothing there left for the citizens of the united states. say. is all i wanted to thank you, i'll take the answer offline. to t: i think you can talk the representatives and senators from the state of california rail the high-speed situation and i think that is the decision that has to be made your state.ens of you know, i think when you start o address immigration issues and other issues like that, that we're going to have a national and ision on those issues think the one thing that this past election has shown us is

particularly is an issue the american people want to be especially down in our southern border states is some valid re issues to discussion and try to ome up with a solution that protects american workers, for one, and protects the safety and america, number two. actually that is number one. goinge reality is that is to be a discussion, you will see over the next year, based on results of the election, the people have spoke sxen we'll go from there. host: time for a few more calls. mapleton, illinois, independent, go ahead. caller: good morning, doctor, hearing the commentary this morning and you're speaking from abstract, the lady arizona was very specific about her condition and her experience at the doctor. if canada issad bad as you might expectancy is longer than ours, that blows

that out of the water. problem is that you as a cardiac physician should obesity levels, type 2 diabetes, adult onset in the kind of food that we eat that we encourage eople because there is a fast food restaurant on every corner, we'll never solve the healthcare be affordable healthcare because people are so unhealthy, particularly in the states, who claim to have freedom as headwind. if you can address obesity level we can fix ou think that? guest: well, you bring up a valid point. time, if people don't get sick, number one, they life, etter quality of healthier lives. number two, it doesn't cost the healthcare system a lot of money. so for me, i can't disagree that e need to do a better job preventative healthcare in the united states. we need to help encourage people who cially have obesity issues and diabetes that comes along with that in

to address that issue. and i've said that earlier in the program, preventative is important and as a people withn, i saw bypass surgery, for example, who already mostly had lifestyle but many genetic issues, it runs in the family, but most smokers, ents were many of my patients had diabetes that i think we need to address. i mean, it is a very important you,e, i totally agree with that if we're going to get the cost of healthcare down, we need lifestyle.ealthier host: washington, larry is waiting, line for democrats. larry, go ahead. caller: good morning. i remember watching the medicare the door n it kept open three hours after closing to get it through in the crux of the thing was to medicare not be price of gotiate a medication and

mostly the seniors -- medication do we are bombardod t.v. ith prescription ads, i think we're the only country that does that advertising. believe they spend more on advertising than they do on r&d, which is mostly done by the of health.stitute but, prescription drugs is a big of medical cost. i'd like your comment on that, please. thank you. ost: about a minute or two left. guest: sure. of course prescription drug costs are an important issue, complicated subject, more complicated than many people in admit.s want to but, you know, the congress and in a bipartisan way are looking the issue, along with stake holders, including consumer others that are paying for prescription, including individual patients a complicated system that we're going to work through

of healthcare down verall and try to address the rising prescription costs. what has happened, though, affordable der the care act, because of all the other problems with the ffordable care act and increasing cost and number of not e of 28 million still insured, that has been a contributor to this issue and so working through that is something that i think we all need to do as americans and i've working on that myself, in my own office, to get the cost the escription drugs in united states down. host: congressman larry bucshon, indiana, serves on energy and commerce subcommittee on health, is where you can look for his work. we appreciate your time. guest: thank you for having me this morning. continue ext, we'll the legace and he lessons of pearl harbor on this, the 75th on thesary of the attack naval base in hawaii.

we'll be right back. >> sunday on american history t.v. on c-span 3, 1 p.m. eastern on world war ii spies and code breakers, the f.b.i. new york py ring in city and an american family who aided the french resistance in paris. upied >> the decision to join the resistance was a serious one, a husband, he had ackson, and a 15-year-old son, f philip jackson. place ding to use this where the resistance could meet and intelligence was dropped, he was risking not only her life, but her husband and her son's life. >> a little after 5, in the 1920s, italian-american ctivists were tried, convicted and executed for robbery and murder in massachusetts, despite evidence.f supporting law professor brad snyder

inside the e case supreme court chamber with ginsburg.ons by were co-and venvetti transferred to the death house. had ommittee declared they a fair trial. the boston press declared the case closed. 8, on the presidency, historian george nash talks hoover's bert humanitarian efforts. hov -- hoover became an international hero, embodiment f a new force in global politics. american benevolence in the form programs.tarian aide >> for complete american history c-span.org.le go to >> announcer: "washington

journal" continues. host: we end our program, where 75th an today, on the anniversary on the attack of pearl harbor. oined by professor and historia i know you taught at university of hawaii and give your ionally students tours of pearl harbor. o you find that students today pearl and the legacy of harbor? guest: well, yes, i do. i haven't taught in hawaii for a number of years. there is nothing quite like visiting historical site to get sense of history and of the historical events and the national park service does incredible job at pearl the finest of national park service sites in the country. in new york, there is a sense and understanding of 9/11. harbor because of

9/11 was and is always compared not only arbor, because of -- it is one of the only two times that we suffered loss of life by a attack by outsiders on our homeland, also the fact it was a surprise. the fact the u.s. policymaking washington community was completely taken by surprise. despite the on, fact it has been 75 years, pearl ials know about harbor. host: are there lessons that apply to both that new president taking over, should look to as he looks to foreign policy in future? guest: well, yes. in fact, not just to make this president-elect trump, but any president has to keep in has been merica surprised. this, harbor and we learn i think the most important material on pearl harbor became years ago, out 20

after the cold war had ended. he nsa, national security agency came up with materials that was in their holdings that that if we had been decrypting the right message hadn't focused on messages, iplomatic instead focusing on the japanese naval cipher, we would have been able to pick up the clues, could actually had the dots to connect to know that the attack hawaii.e on there is no disagreement among istorians that the roosevelt administration expected some kind of aggressive act by japan 1941.cember of the issue was where. would the japanese attack a colony? would the japanese attack philippines? colony. an american or would they attack hawaii? one thought they would attack hawaii. the lesson for the policymaker oday is to keep a very open

mind and not to get stuck in think. in 2001, people worried about laden, it was thought he would attack abroad, not in the united states. assumptions? check those assumptions, be critical, get intelligence as much as collect it can, those are lessons of pearl harbor and of 9/11. host: and why lessonos intelligence coordination and think or the oup danger of group think, why do we ave to keep relearning those lessons? guest: because it is very hard to predict change. know, so much easier, you to think about if you think bout events and you have fine american fine patriots in the community, fine people in the national security basing their re

prediction of the future on past events. that is what we do. very hard to predict anomaly or outlier. what you need are either red team, group of people who are to act as if they are the enemy or another team going to critique the basic assumption of the intelligence community. you need people outside to say, why do you believe that? is your basic assumption? are you certain about that? that is hard to do, particularly people. a president and his national security team, they have to different five things at once and not all of them are foreign policy issues. to be concerned about domestic issues, getting that person's attention long assumptions stion is tough. host: phone numbers for our in the to join conversation with timothy regional time by zeen. eastern or central, 202-748-8000. are in the mountain or

is fic time zone it 202-748-8001. world war ii veterans we would from you.ar 202-748-8002 is that number. e'll be talking about this until the house comes in about 9:00 today. is there also li a lesson on isolationism versus and the limits of iplomacy and economic deterrence? guest: well, what is very xciting for all analysts, historians and all citizens of this country is to see the have as a people beginning january 20. at the ired of be iing center of the international system? president-elect trump's rhetoric at face value, he is arguing for a fortress

america, basically being as powerful as we can be at home power abroad.that that is a different philosophy has the philosophy that shaped a bipartisan foreign pearl strategy since harbor. americans believe themselves to playener world security. he lessons for us and for allies if the united states doesn't play a role in east europe, those regions can spiral out of control and he united states can be an honest broker and stabilize situations there. we are america, we are not doing that anymore. the american people are going to to decide as they see the eefkt of fortress america, hether they are happy with abandoning a world that we've carried for 75 years. go to the phones, while we go to bob from the bronx, new headlines through the

from some papers around the on the 75th anniversary of the attack at pearl harbor. bob, go ahead. caller: thank you for taking my call. i have a question. rofessor, i know every anniversary of pearl harbor drums up the controversy or of roosevelt'sry role in getting us into war, surprise attack was really a surprise. what do you say about that issue? guest: oh, well, you know, the as er is as simple understanding roosevelt's love ships.l roosevelt was in a wheelchair, he collected stamps and put model ships, why do i say that? ecause for the conspiracy to make sense, roosevelt, who had navy in worl of war i, would have been prepared beloved navy tos

get us into war. bring him back today and sit him in front of the camera and ask him, he would admit, i wanted to go to war in 1941, then he would say, i go to war against the nazi because germans represented world threat to civilization and american japanese. not the events of nexpected 1941, hitler declared war on the united states. declared war on the united states, he did this because he promised the japanese would do it. it was hard to pivot against the administration considered the greatest threat f. he was thinking of conspiracy, it would be involving the nazi, japanese, he didn't know

in advance hitler would declare war on the united states. host: arizona, saul is waiting, you are on with professor naftali. caller: yes, hello. to share what -- t.v., our people on witnessed december 7, 1941, as a child. i was born in hawaii, raised in hawaii. had friends that were japane japanese. woman that delivered me, the idwife that delivered me was japanese. i lived there during the second war, remembered pearl flying over lanes and the smoke coming. getting us kids get us away from the danger. in our area that fire, ships iendly

flying at pearl harbor and our area.ding in illed people in our neighborhood. i remember the bomb shelters our yards, to dig in the windows we couldn't look out of because the panes were painted black. military, in the retired ng vietnam and from the military. this day is a special at a for pearl use i remember harbor and i made it through the camps emembered during the second world war and having to run in the bunkers, you know, hastily built bunkers, hole in the ground with dirt on the top. to share that.ed i was watching your program. -- : we

caller: this is a hell of a day and it stuck with me. host: paul, we appreciate you that memory with us. special line for world war ii veterans, but want to hear from anybody that has a memory of that day. professor naftali, on the 75th anniversary, we have fewer and fewer people who were there that day that can share those memories. for you any substitute from hearing the personal stories? isst: well, first of all, it so easy to get caught up in the abstract nature of pearl harbor. your caller reminds us it is a andn event, it is a tragedy 3000 people died. blow, not emendous simply to american prestige, but to the people of hawaii and to navy and the air force. the army.ir force and it was a terrific, it was a terrifying day.

and when we lose the people who we lose that connection to a human event and that is always sad. deeper, more profound elements of a visit to pearl haven't been there for sometime, but was that your somebody who was a veteran of that day. you could ask the person what it was like. there is no substitute for talking to somebody who was there. necessary story today's paper, focusing on show youstories, we'll some of those. tlt e, up in california, good morning. caller: thank you for the opportunity. four years old when pearl harbor happened and i came from american-indian family in northern california, very patriotic and they were in those days and i heard politics talked all the ime because my parents were

very young and when they had me, they were off working and kind family.orting the so my grandparents seemed to be a gathering place for the community. they were well respected and had een part of building up this little town of orgo, which was ground zero for the gold rush the indians,cer of the holocaust that took place genocide of our people, about 120,000 people were killed those days with the small pox blankets. getting back to pearl harbor, i we had to have blackout shades to put over the windows that from were afraid hawaii, japan would attack the couple of maybe a hours from the pacific ocean here. to that.was alerted -- my er's sisters were unts volunteered to be, they

set set up table mountain, there was there.ut place they would go up at night and sky.h for lights in the i mean, this whole coast was that time.caded at this man mentioned bunkers, end are still some at one of the golden gate bridge, across from san francisco. know, ing was just, you being guarding everything they trying to make sure they didn't -- we did not actually get attacked here. the call k you for from oregon this morning. professor naftali, on that talking about defenses and the united states. id japan have a reasonable expectation that they would defeat the united states? the they would invade united states? you talk about the mindset from into that oint going war? guest: well, john, two points, japanese mindset.

the architect of the attack was yomato, who had spent some time in the united states, his uld speak english, and argument to the high command and only way er was the for japan to expand in asia, and the east asian prosperity sphere, their empire, was to american military force in the pacific. to americans were going defend the old british and dutch was tories, as europe suffering under nazi occupation nazis didn'tn, the occupy great britain, the in nese saw an opportunity east asia, the only power that could stop them was the united and yomato said, the americans have to be knocked war.they don't want the japanese, like the germans, watched american politics and it was a 50/50

between interventionist and tilting more to isolationists n. 1940, franklin d. roosevelt had won re-election promising not to go into war. o the japanese felt, yomato felt the only way to do it was to knockout the u.s. pacific blow that would force the americans back and of made a mistake. he thought if you hit the american people hard enough, n. fact, thek away opposite occurred. the mistake, there are a number the tactical blunder by yomato, is that the knockout the pacific fleet. t was horrendous, about 3000 people died. but, the aircraft carriers, carecraft carriers the harbor. the japanese didn't hit them.

the japanese also didn't hit the strategic oil reserve. they account have knocked out the fleet for sometime if they oil drums, they didn't. the attack he had planned, to nock the americans out of the war, didn't happen. the japanese did not have a very invasion of for the the united states, but the key as to force america to stop being an asian power. one quick point about fear. 2001, the bush administration pearl harbor in that franklin d. roosevelt out politics, in of turn the japanese, that is a very important and sad part of story. after 9/11, george w. bush went made it clear that america's war was not with muslims s muslims and were not to be viewed in his column. that is a lesson from pearl harbor. do actually learn from our mistakes in the past. need to esson that we learn again today, do you think? i don't want ing,

a day like ic on today w. students and others, i president bush's visit to a mosque and i, it was in the days after 9/11, that is a message of unity that i hope hasn't been forgotten. host: as we talk about the 75th anniversary of pearl harbor, viewers, te for the we'll spend the entire day on saturday, december 10, on t.v. on c-span 3 talking about remembering words of those who were there, their stories, begins 8 a.m. this saturday on c-span 3. back to the phones. world war line for ii, palm beach county, florida, you good morning, thank for calling. caller: i remember this day like it was yesterday. my father at hing a bowling alley in new york and coke in between

bowling. the radio announcer said, we to tell this program the people that the japanese have bombed pearl harbor. 1945, i was on cypan, in the pacific and you could see the tales of the b-29s that took off bombs on hiroshima. me and my classmates enlisted about the same time. you for your program today. host: professor, what did you hear there? want to thank him for his service and it is hard not moved by the voices of in generation that fought two different parts of the world to defend the country and defend values and civilization. we're grateful to that man and him and those

who can't speak for themselves anymore. americans llion served in world war ii by estimates from the department of affairs, the beginning of this year 620,000 of them alive in this country, 372 world war ii day in this each country. to john in allentown, florida. morning. caller: good morning. a book here recently and they gave some about world war ii 67% hat they said was that f the allied soldiers captured by the japanese died in aptivity and when they talked about germany, they said it was -- i think, less than 1%, of allied soldiers captured by the germans died in captivity. speaks a little bit about

it lty and compassion, does not? guest: well, i don't know the figures, but i do know that -- hard, there it is vermont,estion that the the german military, followed vaconvention regarding pow's better than the japanese. ascribe compassion to the german war effort, given oft they were doing the rest the effort. there is no question that if you chancesallied pow, your were much better if you were captured by the germans than the japanese. japanese gave us the baton death march, the japanese showed incredible cruelty to pow's, but s i said, yes, the germans showed more compassion, but that war nusual for the nazi

machine. host: your thoughts on president obama announcing this week he'll japanese with the prime minister in honolulu at there of this month and will be headed to the u.s.s. there, the two heads of state will go to mark happened at pearl harbor. what do you make of these the old wounds they perhaps open up? when ese a good thing and should they happen? guest: john, i don't think this wounds, i thinkf this is a healing of wounds. i think that the president's hiroshima was way of healing wounds, buts if the of the united states went to hiroshima and that was is not complete. the bookend is pearl harbor. hiroshima without pearl harbor. japanese prime

minister to come to pearl harbor and see what they wronged. arizona to pay respects to the people his 1941.y killed in i think it is part of the healing process. -- what may surprise some viewers, the way our government handled pearl harbor, talking about years after the event. when you would visit pearl they changed the the film e 1990s, almost didn't -- the film you would watch as a visitor to the site, l park service hardly mentioned the japanese, that is because the u.s. navy build stronger relationship with japan and japan's noseto push into the dirt of pearl harbor. reasons.or political well, in the 1990s, the film alked about japanese expansionism, imperialism, japanese objectives and made it aggressor, was the

united states didn't force the japanese to attack pearl harbor. historically accurate picture. the united states for a long cold war was not sure how to deal with japan about pearl harbor. we've reached ow the point, long enough in the past, that the japanese prime can come, see pearl harbor and understand the pain aggression caused is a good thing for u.s.-japanese relations and good east asia. host: few headlines from newspapers around the country this morning. indianapolis star, the there, we remember. the front page of the baltimore sun, bloody assault that resounded, is the headline there. and the headline from the miami herald, pearl harbor veteran says soldiers across generations can unite. back to the phones, jim in littleton, colorado. professor e on with

naftali. caller: thank you. i always appreciate the to talk to a historian about this. back at pearl harbor, i mean, it's talked about today as an incident and epic, but i look at the eriod of the depression and world war ii all under f.d.r., s almost if you said that was day 1 of american history, and everything that's happened the , whether it is formation of israel, the united nations, the cold war, the secretary of the defense and the rules around today's erything that history leading all the way to 016, actually is a direct fall-out of what happened in depression and the under f.d.r. i'd love to hear any thoughts ou might have around that linking of history. completely agree

with you. internationals on history. i start with world war ii, class espionage. the american concept of national developed out of the american work, the american the british. anglo-american alliance taught nited states about role of intelligence. the united states did not have an intelligence community per s., in the 1930 the very first time the president of the united states information gather for him in one place to make ense of it, 1941, when general william jay don tlt ovan, coordinator of information, he ould lead the oss, office of strategic services. so our concept of the role of intelligence and policymaking comes from world war ii. of course, our concept of will always bere debate about the size of government. way, very healthy, by the

in our country. certain thing all americans expect from the government conservative or somewhere in between. there are certain things, certain services. those services stem from the depression, they stem from the period when our economy collapsed. you are right, whether domestically, the depression, or foreign policy because world war -- we are the legacy of franklin d. roosevelt and the era.velt bellevue, dave in florida. you are on with professor naftali. caller: thank you for the opportunity. hear very little about the squadron my dad was a part of flying into pearl off of the enterprise, he was radio gunman, relates to me how they saw black smoke and thought it sugar cane burning, it was

that time of the year, until he planes and the squadron actually engaged a lot of the zeros and talked is, you know, about that. nd when they were attacked by the zeros, of course they fought back, but they were so maneuvered they had to down to the sea, fly, you know, asically fly away and my dad ended up landing on an outlying the marines stationed on that island confiscated -- i if it was 30 or 50 cal, off of the plane, because they were expecting an invasion, get back to k to he enterprise and it just so happened that a gunner on another sbd, was killed during was assigned to gunner's position with

clarence dickinson and they went midway, in which my dad was instrumental in helping sink cod, and he ended up getting distinguished flying cross as an enlisted man after the battle of midway. something ow, it is he never talked about, but the quadrons did engage and were getting held from the ground and the air, they had to get out of there. sharing the for story prompt fessor naftali, something you wanted to pick up story? the guest: two quick points. first, of all, back to what i earlier, no g substitute for people's recollections or recollections children with their and their children pass to us. no substitute. that is history, that is that is wonderful. second, the other point i would americans fought back at pearl harbor. there wasn't just one japanese was -- there were two

big waves of attacks and so did fight back, there are individual stories of heroism, people using anti-aircraft guns, getting into engaging tting up and zeros, as discussed. pearl harbor is not just being it is also an d, response a defensive by the united states. o the united states, it was a day of courage and in addition to tragedy. mention is ing i'd that to understand one of the such a why this is surprise, look at a map. it is one of those moment when helpful.eally are hawaii is in the middle of the pacific. have r the japanese to launched a surprise attack, they would have had and they did, to a strike force all the way through the north pacific ithout breaking radio silence

and had to figure out how to refuel, because those ships needed to be refuelled along the way. they'd have to do that and then attack.a surprise the united states, when america and when president roosevelt and looked at the map, if the japanese attack us, they it attack the philippines, is closer to the bases in indo-china than hawaii. done an attack like that before. well, unfortunately, the united tates underestimated the japanese, but you have to understand, the japanese had to extraordinary to attack the united states by surprise at pearl harbor. is not just american hub rus, the japanese were better than united states imagined them to be and it was a strategic -- real strategic victory or seemed to be in the first days pearl harbor because of the technical sophistication of had shown.e

is up atthew in georgia next. good morning. caller: good morning. hings to say, one about interment camps on look out mountain in chattanooga, the japanese, those people were treated really interment camp doesn't froman enemy and keep them fighting, but keeps radicals and bad people that would go try to them. interment camps are good and muslims, fighting we're fighting islamist think we will to take all the -- in america and interment camp is just ridiculous. there er thing was that was japanese ambassador in movement of ng the ship, watching movement of the men, the supplies and sending back to japan, so

they knew when they were going hit the hawaii, but f.d.r. 11 days before it happened and it is a shame that now the papers are coming out that f.d.r., he was a proud man, ashamed he was in a wheelchair, didn't want the american people to know that was a part of his want people didn't to know that america could be he cked like they were and let down -- host: professor naftali, shaking your hand, jump in on the history here. uest: i, with deep respect, sir, profoundly disagree. that aren't new documents have come out to change this. this is really important. we have to stop getting stuck in rabbit holes.cy there have been conspiracy necessary history.

watergate was a conspiracy, i know something about that, i was of the richardor nixon library, i know something about that. contrawas a nt iran conspiracy. there was a conspiracy to kill ot only abraham lincoln, but his cabinet, but other moment necessary history, some people conspiracies for which there is no evidence, no oswald was harvey part of conspiracy and no franklin roosevelt knew in advance there would be an attack on pearl harbor. there aren't new documents. the best new ones were those '90s, had out of the to do with what we didn't know, known before pearl harbor, the jn-25 series, naval intercepts, the messages, the caller and i say this with respect because i know misinformationof out there, the information about was the japanese spy

eporting back to tokyo, the congress that investigated pearl made in 1945 and '46, that public. hat has been in the air for almost 70 years or actually 70 new.s now, that is not what i ask everyone to do, who has these data points, to sit and actually say, did they tell franklin d. roosevelt there attack on pearl harbor? no. hat these things showed was a japanese espionage interest in pearl harbor, which was among a data points, which account have been for sabotage. ll right there is nothing that says this was for an air strike. that is one. roosevelt hadthat 11 days before, the days before, was about the fact japanese were to go to war. the japanese were going to bust up their code machines, which is

a sign they gallon to war with you and their embassy in washington. was where. and likeliest place was the philippines. yes, there should have been more magination, yes, the hawaiian commenders who later made scapegoats of should have been information, they were just sent a war warning. a lot should have happened and he roosevelt administration made mistakes, but to think roosevelt had a clear picture be attacked and let it happen, that is to misunderstand the man. hat is unfortunately, the kind of conspiracy thinking that has been weakening our country to be it leads people deeply cynical about their elected officials. them, but don't be cynical. host: the caller talked about interment camps, he said the camps are good, can you talk effectiveness of what the united states government was and did it there

work? guest: well, i -- i don't want engage in a discussion about nterment camps being good, i'm sorry. nemy nationals were, not just japanese, germans and italians camp ut in interment necessary world war ii. i really don't think this is the ime to talk about interment camps. i think this is the time to go back to the caller's other this is currently a struggle with islamic extremism, islam and ggle with not a struggle with american muslims. is the debate about muslim register, interment system is so dangerous, i don't to go down that road by talking about advantages or interment camp necessary world war ii. host: jimmy is on the line, good morning.

caller: good morning. i was going to ask about the interment camps. whether there people who were spies in the interment camps that we kept from? my other question was really isolationist move nment america and how that had been growing until pearl harbor diedhen it just completely after that and there has never been any isolationist move nment america since then. can you talk about that, please? have a figure, sir, for the number of spies look, thereken, but is no question that there were a of japanese americans. hand thafl spyod behalf of japan. and is out of thousands thousands and thousands. the question everybody has to have in their mind is, do you a few bad apples to deprive a huge group of people constitutional

rights? the japanese we interned were as tourists, ere they were japanese-americans, here.born so that is really the issue, democracy a -- in a like our, a constitutional balance fear you of espionage with basic rights.tional many people say that you weed ut the bad apples, but you don't throw away the system while you are doing it. that point. was, he second question john, what -- ost: one thing i want to ask you about, just next to our building here in washington, .c. is the japanese-american memorial patriotism during world a memorial that they say, national park service on say reflects the

legacy of the japanese interment world war ii. can you talk a little bit about how the u.s. government has come actions during the war and the genesis of that memorial? guest: well, constitutional law this better than me, so i apologize to anybody this is bare outline of the story, not my specialty. the supreme s that court, i think the case is coramatsu, japanese-american who sued the government. court found in favor f the government, but what happened over time is that other the supremeto erode court sort of view it was a intern tional act to american japanese-americans and administration, i

believe, made the department of administration made it clear the united states a longer viewed this as precedent. i believe the obama administration. u.s. government, not just the last few years, but in the years, has been moving way from the view that the interment of japanese americans was a necessary national to take.measure nd even the roosevelt library ad a historically critical exhibit about the interment of the japanese. people en because some view presidential library as place where the president and put the presidency's best foot forward. there is a there, searching historical discussion of the interment of japanese. not just y,

historians, but the federal view ment has changed its intersxhent sees it as unnecessary and a real strike against our constitution. it is something to keep in mind, is that when you are fighting an external -- naftali -- guest: don't change the way you are. host: the house is getting ready in.come we'll bring the viewers to the floor. thank you for joining us on the anniversary of the attack of pearl harbor. guest: my pleasure, john. washington, d.c., december 7, 2016. i hereby appoint the honorable randy neugebauer to act as speaker pro tempore on this day. signed, paul d. ryan, speaker of the house of representatives. the speaker pro tempore: pursuant to the order of the house of january 6, 2015, the chair will now recognize members from lists submitted by the majority and minority leaders for morning hour debate.