you're going through, i can't imagine that loss. and while we of course appreciate the sentiment , it comes from a good place, the irony is that when you close your eyes and do that, you are imagining it . and we need to imagine it. because until you let something touch you , until you are stuck in those shoes, you are not going to do anything about it. we've been wrong reacting to things and not doing anything to prevent them. we said not only can you imagine these things but we are obligated to do it. we have to imagine it. we have to put ourselves in these shoes, walk around a little while or nothing changes. so we have the trademark, you can imagine and on the right under that title, is the imagine that we use to paint our world in beautiful colors, it's the imagination that sets us free to make tomorrow better.

so there's a great quote by aj has shown, you are guilty but all are responsible and we are all responsible for our behavior and the behaviors of our loved ones and our community that we live in. so we have to imagine it. we have unfortunately a lot to imagine. it's a strange , surreal experience to be flying here on the 15th anniversary of september 11 where 2990 people died in violent tragedy. there's a lot of people , the ripples on that is profound . it hits directly to what is impacted. on september 12, what should have been a day , he died in the classroom next door. there's another family that really can't imagine it directly but if you think about it, everybody that you talk to, every pair of eyes you look into , there's tragedy in everybody's heart. there's adversity that everybody faces.

we have to remember that when we are stressed out for the things that we have or the guy cut you off in traffic, you have to think yourself, there's a story in them. they are fighting a battle to, they're not just wearing uniforms but somebody is facing something. it's a great quote by reverend watson, everyone you meet is facing a hard battle. remember that, it's important. but we have a problem in our country and we have to face it . we have a violent epidemic .

and when i talk violence, i'm not talking about sensationalized acts that we see unfortunately all too often on our televisions that face us in florida, virginia tech, oklahoma. we are talking about our street corners in our homes . violent itself and others every day. the time that we are going to be sitting in here, two kids will be killed in the country. every 6 and a half minutes , somebody is erased in our country. one in five of you are going to be victimized violently this year . that's unacceptable. so we react to violence in our country because it's so common, we become skilled at reacting to it. we are shocked when i tell people we spend over a third of our federal budget responding to violence, primarily with incarceration. we don't spend a fraction of that, you couldn't even practice on the same pipe chart much we spend researching and studying how to prevent it , where does it come from? we need to change that. so what is violence? if we look at the definition of

violence, i often tell audiences that i'm just going to get it to you. violence is the intentional through force or power, threatened or actual , if an individual or group or community at large that results in injury, death, psycho psychological harm, or threat. again, here's that pie chart i was talking about. we spend a lot of money reacting to it that we don't spend any time preventing it so jennifer and i were faced with this and we wanted to pull our strings as scientists and said let's create a foundation that studies violence. what are the risk factors? what happens in that batch of the soul that can change that so we can build compassion, build connections . so we created the alveoli foundation in honor of our daughter with a mission to prevent violence and build compassion through neuroscience research, community engagement and education.

pacifically we throw money at through grants to study research of what happens in the brain, what are the structural locations that lead to violence? we do public health studies to look at what are the public-health factors we need to violence. we also have starting with the help of publishing scientific peer-reviewed journal called violence and gender so we have a voice for people that study violence. we have a whole army of amazing young brains or neuroscience interns that study with us and do research and are encouraging them and helping to facilitate the moving into this space so we need to make the study of the brain lucrative and procedural so that we can fill these public uses in but we also recognize that research is in a vacuum for

its own sake is of no value unless you can get to the everyday citizen in a way that they can embrace it . it's got to be straightforward and approachable, not intimidating so students and teachers and healthcare providers, law enforcement , and every day persons can use these tools to improve their lives and increase connection and take action. that's our mission and that's what we're working towards and we do believe that when people have this education , it's not just power. knowledge isn't just power, it's empowering, it's infectious. once you're infected, you have no choice but to get involved and help yourself with others so we asked what tools do we have in our toolbox? what do you we use to study the brain? what are we going to do? we've got such a long road ahead of us. we have these tools that we can use.

we can look at the brain and we can see the brain with amazing technology of magnetic resonance imaging and we can do it in a functional sense so we can watch the brain as it's doing something. we can do the fluid chemistry where we can take some saliva or blood or urine and measure the components in that through special hormones. but we also have powerful genetic knowledge now. we know what all our genes are. we can look at the jeans and say what's different between this person jeans and that person's genes. we have this new science on top of genetic that studies how the environment change the expression . these are some of the tools that we have at our disposal. now what we need to do is use those tools to bridge the structural and biochemical science with the tell me about your mother behavioral science . to illustrate what i mean, to make that clearer, you're on the left we have the structure of serotonin, one of our neurotransmitters, a chemical in

your brain that we know this functionally signaling is associated with feelings of overwhelming grief and sadness that we call depression so we have a bridge between the biochemical serotonin and the behavior , depression. what we don't have is that piece of the puzzle that leads to a reactively violent individual who snaps and explodes inappropriately and who goes road rage on somebody for the kid in the lunch line beats another kid up because he was disrespected and what's the difference between the reactively violent individual and the proactive or instrumentally violent individual whose disenfranchised separate from society? and contemplates ways to hurt , the serial killers and rapists. what's the difference between their brain and the everyday citizen kind of brain ? and on the other side of that equation, what is it that somebody's mindfulness or these

incredible acts of peace and compassion ? what happens in that brain that leads to that? that's what we need to fill in. but unfortunately there's a lot of barriers to this right now. the biggest barrier is a mental barrier. right now we diagnose diseases of the brain based on systems or groups of symptoms that we call syndromes. with experts and checklists and surveys and opinions and often times find the individual . i've been going to the doctor and she looks at me and says your nose is running, your eyes are puffy, you have a cold. it's ridiculous, right? but if you go to the doctor feeling depressed, saddened, overwhelming grief and you answered yes to five out of nine questions on the questionnaire, you are depressed .

there's two problems with this. the first of which is , no kidding i'm depressed, that's why i came in here. what i want is a reason for it. i need to have a pathology so you identify something that's wrong, i hope that it can be right again. and the other thing is, if you went into the doctor with a bone sticking out, they wouldn't say you have a broken radius. you have prostate cancer. but you do get labeled and you are schizophrenic, you are bipolar, your child is add. guarantee if you tell a kid they are hyperactive, they're going to be hyperactive, it's a self-fulfilling prophecy. we need to get away from the labels. we need to make the invisible world of mental the visible world of brains . tell us what it is. it is another organ and while it is complex, it's not

complicated. we know that these behaviors come from there. we need to give people hope and instead of labeling them and causing the fear and trepidation and the big password, stigma associated with this as a character adjustments, we need to let people know its chemistry, its structure and that yes, you are responsible for that chemistry and structure but it is changeable. we need to move to the doctor and now she says , little johnny, you're on the growth curve and a good job . but we do find it too much dopamine in his right cortex which is a fancy way of saying this completely explains his impulse control problems at school, your what were going to do . we want you to work on this for the next two weeks, maybe take a medication, whatever the therapy becomes.that gives apparent hope that gives no character flaw, the child isn't broken, they are not bad parents . then they are encouraged to get help themselves and their loved ones without fear of

discrimination and stigma. that's brain health. so i want you all to leave here tonight with a whole new lexicon , taking the mental out of it entirely. change your brain mentality. but if we don't know what's going on in there, there's nothing you can do. what can we do today ? this research takes forever, i can't wait. i need to prevent something from happening. while the big brain is a black box in there, we know that if you input of these risk factors , you are likely to get violent and aggressive behavior out. if you have a broken family unit, one that's abusive , sexually abusive, physically abusive, neglectful, if you don't have the support of a social worker group, there's substance abuse involved, she has access to firearms, no man matter how contentious the debate is, it's a scientific fact it increases your risk of self or other violence.

matters, physical trauma to the brain, we see a lot of it in concussions. the whole problem we have right now with the military population and nfl population . violent media . and genetic inclinations. these are all inclinations that lead to violent behavior and we have protection factors that lead you away from violence toward anti-violence, i don't know what else to call it besides compassion and resilience. and normally i'd like to expand on these and talk about the scientific support and we can do that after this and i'd be glad to have any discussion on any of these subjects if you like . but i want to focus on a couple of them because i think they are valuable . one is the nature and nurture components. everybody says it is it how you were born? is it your genes or is it the

environment that matters? but when it comes to the nature-nurture debate, there's no debate. when anybody asks you you think it's the genes or the environment, i want you to very sarcastically say you can't separate nature and nurture. your genes determine how you see the world, what's relevant but the environment shapes what genes are expressed, what organs are expressed, how long they are expressed and to what extent they are expressed. you can't separate them. there's a great leader named don and sue has a quote more to the area of a rectangle. the length and the wit. you might have some skinny short rectangles and you might have some tall skinny rectangles but every disease and every behavior as a component of both. most of them are going to be squares.because of that, we can really speculate . if this individual was predisposed toward violence, what can we do? we have control of the environment.

and if that person was predisposed and raised in abusive household and this horrible environment they live in with toxic trauma, they are going to likely end up a violent individual. but that same individual raised with protective factors, then that are nurturing and healthy could end up a fortune 500 ceo, a world leader. this is true and not science-fiction because our brains are plastic throughout our lives. neural plasticity refers to the brains ability to adapt in response to our experiences, it occurs on a molecular level, it occurs on a cellular level contrary to what a lot of us were taught when we were kids, you are not born with a set number of brain cells that go down with time. we are making new ones and reshaping the ones that we have

all the time, we are doing it right now. above us more than others. and in an experimental basis like a muscle, the more you use it, the more effectively it is usable. unless it gets taken away. so i'm going to skip through some of these statistics but when you are born, you have about 100 billion neurons in your head, that's a large number. but even cooler, if each of those neurons has the ability to communicate with over 2500 other neurons, we can all communicate with another 2500 . it's an amazingly elaborate network of communications going on but it gets even awesome or because when you reach the age of say three all the way up to adolescence contrary to what we think is not 18, it's somewhere for girls and their early 20s or later than that, their brain is fine for communications for

developing. 15,000 other cells every single neuron operating in assignments. that's amazing. that's a machine that we can't fathom. as you become an adult, you are not becoming stupid by losing those in epic connections, it's called pruning and it's how you become your unique individual that you are. you lose the connections that you didn't use and you strengthen the ones that you did so they fire more effectively. that's how we regenerate ourselves. with that in mind, i love the quote by frederick douglass. it's easier to build children then to repair broken adults so while you can fill that matrix, it makes a lot more sense just to get a child without the bad habits . we will skip the cool brain connections. it's really easy to look at those risk factors and kind of

start to portion them off and say i'm good to go, i don't have a healthy family, i eat good and make sure they wear their helmets when they ride bikes but oh well, we're not exposed to violent media that often, we are good to go and unfortunately it's not that easy. like a muscle, which is either growing stronger in intricacy or weaker in atrophy, there is no balance point, our brain is that way. if you are not pursuing protective factors, you are moving downhill towards violence. that's just the way it is. if you look at this protective factor here ask ourselves what can i work on today? what can i build? i want to highlight self-mastery of emotional intelligence. this self-mastery is an incrementally derived skill set that has the ability to sit and achieve goals and achieve gratification . to identify and attain your emotions. recognize that your behavior affects the emotions of other

people and using that to make more choices. you can build these skills, they can be taught. they can be taught in an academic sense. this is so important it's starting to become a buzzword. when the governor at the sandy hook advisory report, following the sandy hook murder, they came to one critical conclusion and that was that social emotional learning must form an integral part of our curriculum from preschool to high school. and a lot of parents would say well, i want my kids to learn reading, writing and math. how are we going to spend all this time on treating all this stuff? i've got news for you. it comes by many different names.

it's stl, social emotional learning, 21st century skills . self-mastery grids, we don't like that term anymore so we use different words. whatever you call it, it turns out if you build this into the academic curriculum, your kids do better on their test scores. so you're good to go. they improved profoundly and while we're at it, what do those academic test scores predict? success for your children. of course if your kids going to be a physicist, they need to know math. if they're going to be a biologist, they need to know biology but what they predict in terms of their success is , what it does tell us is almost a disturbing trend. the better you do on reading, writing or math worldwide, the more money your family has. i don't think that's what we are trying to predict . on the other hand, emotional intelligence , self-mastery, self-discipline, predicts success in life.

whether you define success as health, wealth or happiness , your emotional intelligence from low to high predicts your chances of being incarcerated. it protects your liability of abusing substances, alcohol or drugs.it predicts how often you are going to see the doctor area can you imagine that? i love this one, it predicts your credit score. it protects how much money you make as an adult. it protects your parenting skills. and it protects your overall satisfaction, your perception of how happy you are with life . so all the things that we should be teaching our kids is to be emotional intelligence and self-mastery, character building. the ability to find your self and delay gratification for these values and picture them.

>> here's another example really quick of how this could be applied in sort of a socially valuable way. in wisconsin in the southeast portion near madison , they had a lot of violence, particularly youth violence and we're not talking petty theft, where talking race, homicide and aggravated assault to the point where they said we can't afford this. we obviously can't afford it on a philosophical and moral level but we literally can't afford it. each of those beds cost about 65 grand in the correctional juvenile process system. where we have what's called a compression model, led by law enforcement where kids lose rights and privileges and they continue to lose them until they are in complete isolation which does nothing to correct them. so it's clear by the fact that if you get them out after a time and you follow them for five years , over 70 percent recommit another rate or murder or

aggravated assault. 70 percent. now they are lifers. now we're not talking 55 grand for bed, working in the 85,000 range. we are paying for this area there's no corrections involved and so in this area they said let's do an experiment. we got nothing to lose and a lot to gain. let's change the model from compression to decompression and they went to the mendoza hospital led by healthcare providers, of course there are still law enforcement and security there. but they are giving individual attention, they are giving cognitive behavioral there and i would argue in my therapy friends forgive me, i would argue it's not the cdc that matters, it's individual attention that matters.

they are taught that their lives matter and their actions have consequences that affect other lives in a profound way. this has such a dramatic affect that after only two years of instituting this model, and following the kids for another five years, they cut recidivism in half. that's a new model that we can afford but we need to do more of these studies and need to expand into a larger data set to see that in a scientific sense and to see if we cannot apply it to the adult population. that would be true corrections. why do i think that this happens? why are these risk factors risk factors protected? what makes them work? if you look at the human brain as we evolved over time, not bigger brains that we got . it's the specialized part of our

brain called the neocortex. it's the region of the neocortex and the whole brain volume that makes us unique. if we look at what that correlates with , it correlates really well with the groups that we live in. so i'm not sure if we have big brains or big neocortex is because we live in large groups are we live in large groups because we had large neocortex is. regardless we evolved to live in large communal settings . and when we talk about evolution, we don't play by the same rules anymore and we need to rectify that. this upper left, number one has a big fat meaty cortex because in its environment and add to adapt to survive by eating tough nuts and seeds and if it didn't, it went extinct. it had to that. the one in the lower right, that chimps environment had a carbohydrate rich environment where they needed to get the flowers to get the nutrients inside. if it didn't adapt, genetically evolved , it died off. but humans don't work like that. if we want to crack nuts, we build a nutcracker. if we are cold, we make jackets. we went to the moon just to

check it out. we are very adaptable. we suit our environment to fit us and i argue that it's not the genetics that make us adaptable. it's what richard dawkins called the midday area it's the sharing of knowledge that matters, it's the sharing of our stories , our individual dialogue, our thoughts, our ideas, our creations with each other that allows us to all area and it's those communications that allow us to connect, collaborate and create that are the evolved institutions and that innate , unique ability to humans is what makes us human so ironically, it's the ability to be humane that makes us human. again, we're part of this contrived barrier all the time and down the road, it turns out people are shocked when i say there's no such thing as race . there's only the human race.

and this is in fact, these two girls in nigeria are just as genetically similar as these two in southern california. could be more similar to the girls on the top right . it's just a fact. so by saying that when you your job application that they cross them off and say hey, i'm a human. yes, that's true. unfortunately while there is no such thing as race, there is unfortunately all the isms. all the things that we contrived racism. and until those are normalized, we can't evolve so we take those barriers down area that we can't live up to our potential so we need to imagine being humane in order to be the evolved humans that we are. that's how we will prevent

violence. before i go, my wife will forget this stuff. i would really appreciate if you guys would go online and find the organization and donate because we need your funds to do the research and education we are doing. if you shop on amazon, it's easy. go to smile.amazon.com and they will ask you what charities you want to support. it doesn't cost anything and amazon donates a portion of your purchase. follow us, to us and share us. it matters and it not only matters because it gets us exposure but it matters because when people are talking about brain health and a comfortable and transparent way, suddenly the barriers are broken down. evil will take to brain health into their own hands without fear and trepidation. and i thank you for all your time, i hope i didn't go too far

and i thank you for all your time. i hope i didn't go way too far over. [applause] >> we've got some time for questions. right up here. microphone.for the yourheard you started with daughter, the loss of her physically. now that i can be on a plane, i can be on a ship, i can anyplace and there could be a almost thataby knows how to take that cell and startt photo, without you teaching them how to it. i believe that's capital, human

we have not used. does any of your research tell that humantake of them have all piece of digital in their hands, tutors?y could be the dr. richman: that's a very insightful question. and yes, when we talk about violent media being a problem, here's an experiment. when i say violent media is a tok factor that leads increased violence, what violent media do you think i'm talking .bout audience: video games. dr. richman: most people think video games. when we think about the fact that television is so pervasive, it's on all the time. since the 1960's they've done way up to laste week you can find papers that violent mediaate with acts of violence and

increased aggression, so much so surgeon generals issued surgeon general warnings violent television but we don't do anything about them. take that into account with the fact that television is totally passive, sit back, relax, and be entertained. our video games are so immersive, oftentimes first-person, so you're seeing through the eyes as if you're in the game and it's realtime so you're punished immediately, reinforced and measured immediately, very effective. you take that into account with fact that 25% of the video games just by their nature are purely violent. theftof duty" or grand auto." 75% throw inother some component of violence. innocent gameost like minecraft, now you have games.ft hunger you take that all into account,

do we say we need to get rid of video games. but you're not going to get rid of it. that's totally naive and you pointed out, such an amazing tool, such a great educate through. these violent video games make and that.3 billion purchase power is profound. that's hour -- our purchase power. we're the ones spending on the money on it. if we say, ea games, we don't that, we want this. they're not going to make it for you. educationalupport and clever character-building so that kidss engage in it -- which they naturally do anyway. adolescents play video games and engage with this electronic devices. that it be made and it will be one of the most tools.ve training >> question right here.

neurotheology and neuroeconomics and read about them. is, dealing i have with neuroplasticity, how does the violent games and television that? and then in your systems with adults who repeat violent offenders, how can neural plassistity help mitigate vurt violent? dr. richman: those are the pieces of the puzzle that are missing and the research we're trying to find. the unsatisfying answer is we don't know. know what the video games do. we don't know what are the consequences, the physical manifestations of being abused, about theanged incarcerated individual. what we do know is that their are plastic. we know that much of what has been done can be undone. we don't know what it is,

though, or how to fix it. not that satisfying. you have to start somewhere. microphone tothe you. six years, i have been previews at the theater on d.v.d. 70% of them are violent. that doesn't mean that my research is any good, you know. would you tell the group about amine, because they may want to read him. dr. richman: you'll have to emgicate me. i'm not familiar with the name. ok. a psychiatrist and he said why don't we study the brain, like you've been doing, and everything you talk about is in his books.

a-m-e-n, if anybody wants to read. he's doing the research you're doing. dr. richman: he's performing the research? >> purchasing the research. dr. richman: great, i'll check it out. >> any other questions? here. >> so you spoke a little bit parentsplaining to about mental health. ofr child has a low amount dopamine in their brains, instead of saying your kid is depressed. with aar as working orchiatrist or psychologist psychiatrist, how would you lingo between an institution or how would a drug company change their lingo? that would have to be kind of a systematic overhaul? dr. richman: i do. go to theagine, i

health and human services and i theyto them about this and love the idea of brain health and changing it from mental to brain. samsung, you say, sabta. call it call it substance abuse administration? that's a lot of letterhead we have to change. at the end of the day, i don't flippant and say we have to change the terminology. it's just a word. but it's more than that. whole mindset, it's how you think about it. pharmaceuticalat companies for decades and drug discovery is what i was into. they would have no problem. they all get it. they recognize it's brain health. it's the brain that they study, they're drugging. psychiatrists i don't think it,d have any problem with either. they would love to have the ability to diagnose a disease andide of a checklist opinion.

so there's no hesitation on part any way.dical field in time, tomo -- at the ensle, who's left, he was google which is awesome. but he was the ahead of the national institute of mental said this he entirely. he said i want to move away from diagnosis ofed brain illnesses and call them brain illnesses. it.otally gets the knee-jerk concern, though, and it's a really important one, tothat people don't begin discriminate and say, people with mental illnesses are violent. want that -- we don't want that perception. withou do away with that, brain illnesses. i'm not saying that somebody psychosis, delusions and hallucinations, might suffer schizophrenia, that they're more violent to themselves and others, even though they might be. i'm saying whatever the

pathology is that leads to those delusions and hallucinations can increase the risk of violence and that i think takes away a and trepidation. when you don't know why somebody's acting really weird then you're scared. stairmaster and the buddy next to you says i myd to take my medication, cholesterol's through the roof, i got to eat better. you think, i hear you. but if that person's like, i have to take my meditation, i'm hearing voices again, i have psychotic episodes. you're like, are they talking to now?ight that's a problem but we need to realize it's not a character flaw.it's a chemical >> let me tell you, jeremy, i want to thank you very much. your work, and what you're doing. up.secondly, for speaking you, in in essence, are a great profile in courage. we thank you very much for

coming to clinton school. i thank clinton school alum chad williamson who was instrumental bringing you here. let's bring jeremy a round of applause. [applause] feelry to talk with him after the program. >> here at c-span, we continue comings and goings at trump tower in new york city. some of the folks who visited today, ezekiel emanuel, adviser to president obama, was on tap healthcare with

president-elect trump. treasury's pick for stevenry, steven mnuchin, made an appearance. safra catz made an and katrina pierson boarded the trump tower elevators. here they are arriving for the meetings.

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>> president-elect donald trump