technology companies, automakers come and regulators are working to safely bring self driving cars onto the market. and syria deeply, managing editor on the syrian civil war. ♪ host: good morning on this friday, disability and. president obama speaking on the russian hacking of the u.s. election. he did an interview with npr and vows a u.s. repository. he says we need to take action. we are reading about possible further economic sanctions against russia or maybe some kind of response in cyberspace. our question is what should the country he doing about this suspected russian hacking?

if not by phone, you can weigh in via social media. again this was an interview with npr airing this morning and was posted last night at their website. here is the headline -- us that theminds u.s. intelligence officials concluded that hackers working for russia packed into the dean sees computer network -- the d&c's computer network. with the question of russia's ultimate motivation for the hack becoming increasingly divisive, the president was careful not to endorse the cia assessment reported by npr and other outlets that assessed russia's goal was to electronic.

-- to elect trump. we'll get to it in a couple of minutes. we will move on and talk about some of the other reporting. here is the "new york times" headline.

so, with all of that, we will hear from the president now. >> i think there is no doubt that when any foreign government tries to impact the integrity of our elections, that we need to take action and we will at a time and place of our own choosing. some of it may be explicit and publicized. .ome of it may not be mr. putin is well aware of my feelings about this, because i spoke to him directly about it. among the big powers, there has been a traditional understanding that everybody's trying to gather intelligence on everybody else.

it is no secret that russian intelligence officers or chinese or israeli or british, their job is to get insight into the workings of other countries, that they are not reading in the newspapers every day. there is a difference between that and the kind of malicious cyber attacks that steel -- steal in trade secrets or espionage, something we have seen the chinese do. there is a difference between that and activating intelligence anyway that is designed to affect elections. host: here is a tweet from donald trump yesterday.

the "new york times" these talks a little more about donald trump. our first call is from scott in kansas. you there? caller: yes. host: what do you make of this whole story? caller: well, i think these people have no idea what is going on, and russia is the convenient target. we have got people running around saying, this was done,

but we need to know exactly what happened. i don't think anybody knows. why couldn't it have been the israelis from what president obama did two years ago in their election? why couldn't be the election -- the germans? you've got too many people running around talking instead of looking. as far as the press, we all know where they stand. thisy should we even give any credence? who are you going to believe? i don't know who to believe anymore. administration has flubbed

up everything they ever touched. host: scott, thank you for calling. we have kathy from here in washington, dc. what do you make of all of this? really what i think is important is the american people try to pay attention to what seems to be happening, how obama keeps trying to downplay this. we have a man in office now who hisrefused to give up business ties. where the man in office now who is neofascist. i think we should wake up. that is my only comment. host: we have don calling in from kentucky. caller: it is good to be on this morning. i think the situation with the russian hacking is an excuse. they have had all kinds of excuses out there for the reasons that hillary lost.

it has been a horrible eight years of barack obama. the country is fed up with the direction it has been going to get is fed up with the situation of this resident and his performance in office. they did not want eight more years of trying to continue his programs. people are looking to turn america around. all of this political correctness that is run wild under obama. people are going out to loot, burn, riot and all of the things he has done to israel. people is fed up with it. i don't think the russians are involved in this. this is just a bunch of sore losers trying to come up with of -- with an excuse. host: we will look to get more of your calls in the coming minutes. this is at the hill.com. obama, we need to take action in response to the russian hacking.

thatpoint out back to the "new york times" piece. we go to stand -- stan from verona, new york. caller: there is one thing that matters. maybe something secondary that should be looked at. first of all, the information

, was thehacked information actually true? because that is what the american people cast their votes on. what i have seen and heard, it looks like it was. the second thing here is i keep hearing people talking about the cia and this being a deal to steal the election. if there's anybody who could pick something to do something like that, the cia would be the best choice. ask the people down in south america. this whole thing stinks to high heaven. i don't trust any of them, including trump. look at hillary clinton and what she has gotten away with so far. host: james and the freeze, virginia.

-- james in-- james in dumfries. caller: let me thank c-span. the comment i have is simple. the bottom line is this, if the electoral college makes the decision not to go with trump, what does that mean? in our history i don't think it ever happened. as far as to legitimize in -- as far as ill legitimize in the presidency for trump. he really wasn't qualified to be the president of the united states, however, neither here nor there. when it comes to the hacking, i truly believe, yes, russia did have some input. however, you have got to look back to what donald trump has said throughout his presidency. russia, go ahead and hack us. make sure you get all the hillary -- as far as hillary, i don't think too much of her either. both of them are a conspiracy theory.

what do we do now? concerned, gift donald trump a chance, because now that he sees what it is going to take, maybe if we keep him and hold him to all of the things he said that he would do for america, and not against america, meaning deporting immigrants, builder walled. we need security. we the taxpayers are going to pay for the wall he builds. -- wewe expect tamir expect to hear more of this later from the president. this news conference is at 2:15 p.m. eastern time. we will take more of your calls after that news conference. if you miss it today, you can watch it at c-span.org, or during the 8:00 hour this evening on c-span.

bit of a war of words over all of this yesterday. here is josh earnest, the white house press secretary followed by donald trump. >> it is just a fact, you all have it on tape that the republican nominee for president to packuraging russia his opponent, because he believed that would help his campaign. i am not trying to be argumentative, but i am trying to acknowledge a basic fact. all of you saw it. this is not in dispute. that the recognize chum campaign -- the trump campaign is that he was joking. an adversary of the united states engaged in malicious, cyber activity to destabilize our democracy.

foolish guy, josh earnest, i don't know if he is talking to president obama. having the right press secretary is so important, because he is so bad the way he delivers a message. he can deliver a positive message and it sounds bad. he could say, ladies and gentlemen, today we have totally defeated isis, and it would not sound good. ok? i have a feeling they will not be saying it but we will be saying it. [cheering] cook's -- >> the president is very positive. maybe he is getting his orders from somebody else. could that be possible? trump will beld out again today. we look forward to hearing from him in orlando, florida, victory

rally. he will be there with mike pence . watch that at 7:00 eastern here on this network. james have been hanging on from them freeze, virginia. caller: good morning. ok, listen. a couple of comments. me tod ask that you allow finish my thoughts here. , i feels donald trump for america now, -- america now. if you go back and it is all recorded like the press secretary said -- it is all on tape. how can you set up there and allowing an adversary to hack us? talk about the press secretary and lie about everything he

says. because if you look at what he says about obamacare, he is allowingt back saying children to stay on your insurance until you're 26, and those with pre-existing health issues. if you keep those two, that is obamacare. the thing about it is this, he lies to the whole united states and i give him credit, he was able to live to make that life seen much the truth. this people were hating on our democracy and congress and washington so bad that they said, look, anything is better than what is going on right now. we are going to find out that is not true. morning --itter this

ken, you are on the line. caller: good friday to you. i have been in law enforcement for years. each time you have a suspect, you don't have complete information up until that point but you do have a lead. again his comments were very foreignout wanting a agency to investigate or to hack into emails. that is very misleading and that is propaganda. there is a fine line between propaganda and public relations. politicians are notorious for it. , in and a lot of members vote with my cut -- with my conscience.

congress -- all these members that refused to do their jobs should be replaced and something else should be brought in. if there is russian involvement, it seems like it is encouraged. host: moving on to jesse in baltimore. go ahead. caller: -- host: jesse, are you there? caller: hello. buys, left or right. that is nothing new. thinkal thing is, i don't hillary lost anything. i think she dodged a bullet yet to come.

that's all i had to say. host: lisa from toledo, ohio. what do you think the u.s. response should be? caller: first of all, good morning. i think they should sanction russian -- russia. let them know we are not going to stand for them to meddle in our elections. one more quick comment. i am a republican but i get tired of all of this back and forth. they are sent there to do a job and to compromise and do the will of the people. i think we have gotten to the point where we need -- we have term limits on presidents and governors. i think they need to start -- we need to put term limits in and they are not doing what they are sent there to do, get them out. host: thoughts of lisa there.

carroll writes on twitter. back to a couple of other front pages. the "new york times" has a piece on hacking itself. there is one paragraph for the bottom of the front page.

there is also the "wall street today.'s" front page we go to buffalo, new york. good morning. caller: good morning. thank you for having me. host: thank you for calling. what are your thoughts? think: first, i

president-elect trump refused to acknowledge this because he idolized putin so much. i also feel he will use the office for his personal monetary gain. the same way putin does his. comment. quick our i.t. team should get on their job and protect our service -- our servers. i don't understand how they got in any way. that should be number one priority. host: thank you for calling. bob is on the line from florida. caller: how are you doing today? host: doing fine. caller: i was wondering, they get all of this information about the russian hackers, yet there is been no real proof. just like can you believe this?

can you believe the story about the weapons of mass destruction? it all oils down to the same thing. clinton was not doing all of this dirty stuff, there would not be all of this dirty laundry coming out about it. 10 is calling from washington, dc. believemy thought is i that our intelligence community, they need to disable russia's ability to attack us. host: how should they do it? caller: give them a virus. send them a virus that they can't disable. i just can't believe we are not smart enough to do something like that. on top -- and lastly, i don't believe the people that are supporting donald trump are as stupid as they appear.

i think they are at these rallies and they are getting all pumped up and they are clapping along. they are having a good time. they are not that dumb. at the end of the day, let's say the water gets poisoned in flint or west virginia or oil gets dumped on the ground in alabama or georgia, you know what they are going to do? they are going to call fema or the federal government to come help them. they are not that dumb. that is all i have. host: thanks for calling. westchester, pa. caller: good morning sir. host: what are your thoughts on this whole story of the russian hacking? what should the u.s. response be? caller: my thought is if you look at how it is going around the world, for the past two

been we americans have destabilizing russia. in terms of their economy, we have been hammering them with sanctions. to me, the russians are just retaliating. it is a tit-for-tat kind of deal. we try to drive their economy to the ground. they try to find a way to affect our own democracy. they are getting back at us what we did to them. [indiscernible] i hear people say we should retaliate. we retaliate now and then they will tallied again. this is not going to stop. host: thank you for calling.

back to calls. janet from kansas. thank you for waiting. caller: thanks for taking my

call. there has been no love lost between obama and clinton. -- and putin. this is another one of obama's and hillary's smokescreens. you've got to blame something on his failed presidency. he has been the worst president that we have had in my 63 years that i can remember. he has been a race bader and everything that he can to divide this country. until his last day in office. .t is time for him to be gone he is trying to get us in war with russia. we don't want to go there. who is to say that china is not behind this? there is no substantial proof to any of this. this is all just some more rhetoric coming out of the

president's mouth and hillary clinton. it is time for it to stop. let trump become the president of the united states with the backing of the people who voted for him. it is what it is and they are going to have to get over it. host: thanks for calling. still it asked this desk stella asked this -- stella asks this. john podesta who served as chair of hillary clinton's presidency op-edgn has written an from the "washington post." the headline says --

that is john podesta. washington post.com is the place to read that you jennifer is calling from colorado. good morning. caller: please bear with me. when the election was going on, we kept hearing all the stuff and a lot of it was nonsense. if we can just get through this, there will be an end to it. what happened happened. it was all about blaming hillary. then, when this all comes out about mr. trump come everybody looked the other way. to me, it looks shady. i try to read people. i do advertising. it is shady and embarrassing.

i watched him speak tonight and he says the same thing over and over again. he hid his tax information. i believe that barack obama is the best resident we ever had. i'm 67 years old. i have seen a few things happen. i watched what he did and respected. he did not have to demand. people give it to him. a good spokesperson for the united states. ofbody can see what kind fuhrer trump brought with them. [indiscernible] now that it has happened in their us much turmoil, trump comes up with things like, he

believes in torture. he believes women should be punished for having abortions. all of these maniacal things that i can't imagine. i try not to listen but you can't help yourself. -- i enjoy government and politics. when you see this type of thing happen, it is an example for our children and the rest of the world. that is pretty bad. it is very sad because we were great until of this election is over. i feel like we have something to make up. host: jenniffer, thank you for calling. we want to get some other voices in including virginia tech's and on twitter. twitter.ia texan on david is online from georgia. host: -- caller: thank you for

c-span. host: what do you think of this suspicion of russia? caller: i think the only person a suspicion ofis russia is comey. there is no credible evidence. that is why the fbi won't get on board. he has been run through the wreck. i feel sorry for the guy. he is subject to the clinton machine. he has felt the pressure. proof that provable russia has done this. comey sees that. as far as i can see, you are not naming anybody. the only person that can be politicizinge is

this thing like the -- like eric holder politicized the justice department. host: we will do this for about 10 more minutes and look at some other news. some more news about donald trump. "washington times." they write that a handful of liberals and senate democrats said they will introduce a bill early next month when congress convenes just ahead of the inauguration. the other thing today in the meantime the sites to put this on its front page up at the top.

freddy has been hanging on from los angeles. early morning there. caller: thank you for having c-span.

my comment basically is, the first time in a story like this originated my lifetime was the pentagon papers. they came out [indiscernible] --ryone says in the media they said the same thing with the nuclear power plant. great breaking news stories. when stories and start going against liberal democrats, is a problem. i don't necessarily agree that's true. it happened with monica lewinsky, the leak there. the whistleblowers that brought that to light. make up your mind, liberals. you believe in security leaks or you don't. you can't have it both ways. no matter who did it and the main story here that everyone likes to ignore his the

unethical behavior of the dnc. that is the story. not the hacks. host: let's move on to louise in chicago. what do you have to say? caller: first i would like to say, people should call it stop this complaining and come up with that ideas. we have too many problems. security of the united states against hacking with russia or whomever is that we need to get rid of these floppy disks in washington and all of this old stuff that we are trying to work with in a modern world. we need to set up some new systems for hacking, no matter what kind of hacking it is, elections, bank accounts, we have heard about hacking for over a year. we need to set up new administrations that are going to go in there -- if it takes

gaetz or whomever he met with to build an area where we can have a secure security system and know what is going on. i am sure they are going to do that. trump and his administration are very smart. they are going to set up an area for their security and we are not going to have all of this hacking. relax and come up with some new ideas. happy new year. host: let's hear from helen and cheverly, maryland. caller: thank you for your show. i watch you every day. host: so great to hear. caller: i appreciate the opinions coming in. a lot of them i do not agree with but then we have the freedom of speech to say whatever we choose. what i am going to say is i believe russia is involved. i have did all of my studying on people who are involved in the cabinet that donald trump is setting up.

these people have close ties with russia. i am saddened at the fact that donald trump won't even step back and say, let us take a look for the sake of our country. these people are going to -- donald trump is included -- has included all of his family. we cannot afford donald trump is our president, even if he was my president, i am ok with that. i have had nixon and other bad presidents. i am an older lady. we cannot afford to pay the taxes out to protect him and all of his various venues around the world. it would be the taxpayer money going there. if you look at donald trump, he has told you what he is doing. person forthe secretary of state, how involved he is with russia. and exxon and you look at paul manafort and nigel pharrell and

boris johnson. look around you. all you have to do is see what is going on, and we don't want anyone wringing our country down for money. we are a great nation already. we need to stay that way. thank you for the opportunity to have my say. host: thank you, helen for calling. more donald trump related headlines. back to the "washington times." they have a story about the border control -- border patrol.

california, welcome. hi there. caller: good morning. it came out in the news that the white house had known about russiaed hacking's from back in 2015. i am a little puzzled why all of this chaos is coming up all of a sudden. with this administration has been so inefficient and so wasteful. in any department

still using the floppy disk. something could have been done. this seems like another effort to raise a smokescreen to the tract from the content of whatever was released by whomever. thank you very much. host: dion is calling from rahway, new jersey. caller: how are you doing? russia has been our enemy since the cold war. putin has the idea of bringing back the soviet union. host: what should the response then be? caller: more sanctions. trump [indiscernible] the man has no knowledge of

foreign affairs whatsoever around the world. he is dealing with a kgb intelligence agent. -- trump would not be much more than a used car salesman if his father wasn't rich. he knows how to smooth people. it shows why the appointments he is making his unqualified people. host: l.a. times reporting that fears of russia are driving european defense leaders to boost their defense budget. the european union members agreed thursday to increase their own spending on defense. differently overtures donald trump to an expansionist russia

dean is coming desk calling from mesa, arizona. -- calling from mesa, arizona. situation,s hacking a good hacker is wrong to hack hack not going to let his location be known. there is no way to tell where that hacking came from. host: anything else? caller: that will do it. host: let's hear from cindy in hollywood, florida. caller: good morning. i live in a district where we had to choose between debbie wasserman schultz and somebody else. i cannot find anybody who voted for her. i do not believe that russia

hacked. first of all, for 15 years, the basic messages and without proper evidence is go die on somebody else's soil for their oil, whether it be iraq, the gulf spill, the pipeline problems, so if you don't die on somebody else's soil for their oil, you die on your own soil for somebody else's oil or die or your own soil for your own oil. either way, that doesn't uphold the bill of rights. in the affordable care act, the massive computer structure was formed. the reason it comes out is that all of that can go into arresting people and stuff like that. or the day before, on one of your shows here on c-span , it was talking about when that

was developed and the democratic resident who illegally and against the bill of rights put that spying on your own people into effect. people inllenge the the world who have then you,nist much longer than and your basic is we are a better communist than you, first of all, go die on somebody else's soil for their oil. you bet russia would be interested in and so would china. number two, when you send a basic message that the hell with the founding documents of this country, we are going to be better not sees and better communist than you, that is why you have not see spy cameras in our streets. that is not the kings highway.

you took and note to uphold those documents. republican or democrat, it doesn't matter. of thata continuation same stupid message. let's face it, china and russia have been communists a lot longer than the united states. when you say basically to them in these messages, we are going to be better communist than you, you know what? if they smacked you, you deserved it. like you dojust have the right to declare war, but you only have the right to declare war to defend the people of this country. without the proper evidence again, here we go with go die on someone else's soil or their oil. if president trump is going to clean the swamp, it is not the presidential election that was the problem. elections573 other

that is the problem. time.we are out of we give you a good chunk of time . thank you and everybody that called in. we do expect to hear more at the news conference today. 2:00 just 2:15 this afternoon. coming up in the next couple segments, a closer look at obama's executive actions in office. whether and how president trump might undo them? korte.lk to gregory .ater on it is david strickland he will talk to us about the political and regulatory hurdles for self driving cars on the road. in the meantime, we want to remind you that this weekend, our cities tour continues as book tv and american history tv visit scottsdale, arizona and explore the city's history and literary life. here is the mayor talking about

tourism. is sort of our south-central part of the state. the sonoracall desert area. one of things that is most pronounced for us is our mountains. they surround us but it is to our northeast which are owned by the citizens of scottsdale. we purchased the entire 47 square miles and set up a preserved land conservation. one of the largest in the country. it has become an attraction unto itself for residents and tourists. scott's's biggest economic driver would still be tourism. dealsttsdale's guests got dalest economic -- scott

-- that is a major component for us. it comes at a price it we have to provide some of the infrastructure to support that same thing. all of the amenities that provide for our tourists are things that our residents are able to take advantage of. it has become an action oriented community. it is more welcoming, even for young people. we are bringing in some diversified business to make sure our economic engine is enabled and stable. >> abigail for more was the first first lady to work outside the home teaching at a private school. --senhower's love of eager to replicate her style.

jacqueline kennedy was responsible for the creation of the white house historical association and nancy reagan as a young actress saw her name on the black list of suspected communist sympathizers in the late 1840's. she appealed to screen actors guild head, ronald reagan, for help. she later became his wife. inse stories are featured the c-span book, first ladies. the book makes a great gift for the holidays. giving readers a look into the lives of every first lady in american history, stories of fascinating women and how their legacies resonate. share the stories of america's first ladies for the holidays. first ladies, in paperback, published by look affairs is now available at your favorite bookseller and also as an e-book. >> washington journal continues. host: our guest is a gregory korte who was a white house

reporter for usa today. the president's record on executive order's. give us the one on one. explain what is an executive order. guest: it is one form of executive action. it is the most prominent form, the one people here about most often. it is numbered input into the and instructser the federal branch to do something. it has a full force of law within the executive branch. it is required by law to cite what position -- what provision of the constitution that the president is and lamenting. it is not outside the legal framework set up by congress. it is one form of a broader set of executive actions that the president can take that includes memoranda, regulation and a whole host of other things that are some form of action the

president can take by himself. host: why would a president do this yet what are the conditions that would force the president to sign an executive action echo -- action? guest: sometimes congress passes law that is supposed to last for decades. the president must do this and the president says i am a busy guy, i cannot do everything. an executive order may be used to delegate to some executive agency or department who is responsible for implementing the law that congress just passed. it can define some terms of legislation that congress passed or raise the standards. obama use it in the area of federal contract to say if you contract with the federal government, you have to pay your workers a certain amount. you have to pay men and women

equally. -- yougive paid believed have to give paid leave. to use executive orders in the area of the executive. host: phone number is on the autumn of the screen for our guests. we will break the lines down. guest is from ohio, educated at ohio university. .incinnati inquirer he has been with usa today for several years now, served as a supporter and is now the white house reporter. he is a gregory korte he. -- gregory korte. as our guest mentioned, a

federal directive can be amended or rescinded that another exit of order. can you explain that part of the process? guest: that is what a lot of people are talking about now. president obama has signed 267 exit of orders. inted cruz said repeatedly the presidential campaign, you live by the pen, you die by the pen. obama signs and executive order with justice signature. trump can just as easily rescind many of these. he may not. many of these are pretty uncontroversial. administrative kind of stuff. some of them may be more controversial. those president trump could undo very early on. there is a pattern that has developed where there is sort of a republican set of executive orders. what i would expect president trump to do early on is to

rescind the democratic package. it has things like union protections for federal workers. yet to notify federal workers of their union rights. certain regulatory teams and contractor roles that them credit residents like. -- that democratic presidents like. i would expect him to reinstate some of those. george bush, ronald reagan like policies. established a congressional approval not needed but the judicial branch can get involved. brought lawsuit can be and this applies not only to executive orders but any kind of executive action. they have been a number of cases where obama on his immigration and clean-air plan, some of the executive actions he has taken has been balked and lower courts.

-- in lower courts. there can be a check, not just with courts but also congress. congress can resend an executive order by amending the legal underpinning for that order. the reason why they have not done that with obama is obama can of course veto those attempts to supersede his executive orders. i also mentioned that oftentimes the president will sign the executive order and that order will be codified by congress. host: we started to help get this country -- this conversation going. : federalte change agencies to integrate consideration for climate change into their policies. we the mandate for private employers to offer contraceptives. also, more than 20 executive wage. -- also the minimum

some of the highlights of the president's eight years in office. is, thehat i would say nomenclature gets confused. all of them are executive orders. even sometimes people at the white house will conflate those two terms. they are not always important for c-span viewers to know the difference between an executive order and presidential mandate. for a while he was making the claim that you will find fewer executive orders than his predecessors. be making the case that he was less aggressive in his use of executive orders. if you only cap executive orders, that is true. when you look at presidential memoranda that has the same legal effect, there are a few stylistic differences. you had those together he has used more than any resident

since -- any president since harry truman. host: sterling, virginia. caller: good morning. i am calling to question about the executive orders. with the do-nothing congress we beenhad, have there examples of congress doing less where a president had to issue executive orders? i have not seen the final numbers but we have seen to be hitting a new historic low as far as bills passed. these are imperfect measures because a bill can do everything from renaming a post office to implementing the affordable care act. they don't have the same weight. looking at the numbers of bills doesn't always tell you the full story, but this congress has been less active and president

obama has used executive action .o fill in that action obama never used the term executive action and the only after that they lost the house of representatives that you heard president obama pressed her to cannot get anything through congress, start talking about using what he called the pen and phone congressto get around like increasing the minimum wage. he could not do it for all employers but for federal contractors and hope that other that that sets the example and raises the bar. the federal government is a huge enterprise and controls a significant portion of the american economy, so the president feels that he can congress things, even within the federal government, then that might have trickle-down effects

in the rest of the economy. host: we have carlton from virginia. career i am an american military person, and i have one and ion for our country love it dearly. that is, how do you stop a conglomerate when there are people who do not own elitist in any nation and they are trying to run and graham the people with limited government? thank you. i will hang up and listen to your response. host: thank you, carlton. exactly am not sure what you're asking. certainly, we have an ideological divide in this republicans and him across about the scope of government and what the proper role is in regulating health care decisions and the health care marketplace, should be

involved in setting labor standards? how much is the government responsible for the economy in investing infrastructure and other projects? that is what is discussed .veryday on c-span we have had for the past six years, a divided government. with congress and the president unable to agree on much, the president's use of executive power to advance his agenda, but we have been entering into a period of unified government. to -- theye able have demanded to congress that. host: in oregon, independent caller. howard, you are on with gregory korte. caller: i would like to ask a

question about our new president. if donald is going to ride like obama did, we have oversight to be able to know he will not be lying about everything? guest: first, obviously, with president-elect trump, he is not been sworn in yet. i would expect to a nazi lot of executive orders the first few i would expect not to see a lot of executive orders the first two years. we will have a republican congress that will send him bills he can find to implement policy changes that you would want. regulations to implement those -- that new legislation. i would not expect president trump would need to resort to a

lot of unilateral power because he has republican congress. host: others are writing about times,"e new york president obama was once skeptical of executive power and has come to embrace it -- their interpretation. do you think he has been skeptical and why? guest: what he was a senator, he executivecal of senat power and was critical of how bush used it, especially with national security in terms of warmaking. he wanted to curtail the .resident's ability to wage war he was also critical of president bush's use of signing. when congress passes a law, they can either veto it, or they can allowed to go into all without -- into law without signature. often times, the president will thata signing statement

will tell the rest of the world how he intends to enforce that law and interpret it. criticismbush, the was, easy signing statements to reinterpret law to get around provisions of law that he did not like but obama was critical of that. what we have come to see over the past eight years is president obama, especially without the support of the democratic congress, except in the first two years, has resorted to some of the tools that he had been previously critical of. that he was policy interested in pursuing, he that they were the right thing to do. ofhink it is probably true every president. when you're in congress, your protective of congressional prerogative. when you're president, you have the perspective of the white house that the world is too dangerous of the place to have

congress debate these things for months on end. you need to take action and that is what presidents do. host: a little bit more comparison of president obama and past presidents with executive orders. the american president to project puts it this way -- at the bottom of the list, president obama to end at 60 and working up the list, george w. bush, two hundred 91, bill clinton, 300 64, ronald reagan, 381 and richard nixon, 346. the current president is at the bottom of the list. guest: that is true, but as i have said, if you take the presidential memoranda, similar to executive orders and have the same legal effect, and you have those numbers together, he would leapfrog over those predecessors. host: calls, rosie, houston, texas, democrat. good morning. caller: good morning. about don't understand congress, the people who are

ahead or over congress, they have rules that they are supposed to be going by. i don't understand now they're pushing the rules away from and there he is tweeting, doing everything he is big enough to do -- looks like a clip going in and out, in and out into the trump tower. if he is everything you said you cannot do, he is doing it and he is getting away with it. that is hard to understand. it is not nothing that is nice, --k like it doesn't have any -- i cannotnk really think of what i am trying to say. it does not have any class.

they act like just a bunch of saloon people. he is getting away with all the things they said he could not do. i remember when i was younger, i grew up during the reagan presidency and reagan had these huge electoral landslide victories and the talk about how that was a mandate to enact his policies. donald trump does not have that. he lost the popular vote, w the thetoral collegeon -- won electoral college, and we now have unified government, both houses of congress and the same political party, that is where he gets his mandate. of peoplenew group coming in through trump tower. they are people who have not been in power for the past eight years. they are going to put the policies together that are different than what we have become accustomed to in the past eight years.

that is what the election would amount to, elections have consequences, so that is what we have got the next two years. remember, congressional midterm elections in two years, either house of congress could switch that and take away president trump's mandate to do anything like what happened at president obama in 2010. host: in new hampshire, independent caller. hey, catherine. good morning. caller: good morning. i have a suggestion and had to pay for it. and ian executive order called my plan the obama-trump dynamic duo. they would go down in history together. president obama could issue a holiday executive order extending the affordable health medicare forgle all current when taking office,

president-elect trump could implement a plan and carry it forward. to pay for it, there would be a taxay of national sales except food. money could be used only to pay for health care. by having these small increments, it is manageable for people. and then all this insurance stuff. also, companies and businesses are not have to pay worker health insurance because you wouldn't have the above plan. therefore, they would be able to raise minimum wages to $15 an hour and their workers would have more money to spend, thus, support the 4% national sales complete health care plans. i think that would be a --derful christmas present holiday present for the american people. i would wish they would do it. host: thank you. guest: i hate to do an ice

bucket on your plan because it seems you have got through this a bit. it cannot get done by executive order. and to spend is exclusively that of the united states congress under the constitution. if you want to raise taxes, change the affordable care act, that will have to come from legislation to congress. i expected to be some kind of legislation to repeal the affordable care act and then i congress and replace it with something. unfortunately, i think they are plan, what republican congress has in mind is to go the upper -- go the opposite direction, away from single-payer and more to market-based -- i don't know what they have in mind exactly, but it would not be in the direction of what you're proposing. host: do second of corridor's a lot of money to put into place? guest: fascinating question. -- host: do executive orders cost a lot of money to put in place

question mark guest: fascinating question -- put in place? every time the president signs an executive order, the office of management adget should sent to congress report on how much that executive order costs the american people. i have looked it up or single one of these reports and have yet to see a dollar figure in b says is,se what on look, we cannot spend any money not appropriated by congress comes of these executive orders might have some cost, but it will be within our appropriations. we cannot spend money that congress does not authorize. so none of these reports of congress has given any details on what the cost is. they must have a cost because executive orders do things like it federal employees raises. they did things like establish a minimum wage for federal contractors. what happens is the money that

gets spent on those items just displaces spending elsewhere within the money that is already appropriate. write,n twitter, they obama has hogtied the economy with executive orders. he thinks there is [indiscernible] --st: presidential memoranda i referred to these and i think it is important for people if they want the full picture of executive action, to look at not just executive orders but presidential memoranda are more regulatory and they start processes like the clean power plan or labor regulations, fair pay, paid leave policies. they usually start with not an executive order but there is more of a soft power because we agency, youo an have to do this.

the issue, domine a report and then develop regulations that make him a couple years down the line. often times, a presidential memorandum will start the process that leads to an executive order. if the -- not the caller but tweeter is suggesting there is across a large, absolutely. host: steve, ohio, republican. good morning. caller: good morning. how are you doing? host: doing fine. caller: i was very concerned defense 2014 national authorization act that president obama signed. during that time, charlie also signed hr 1509, which is from age 18 to 45, a selective service for women, too. i was also looking a few days

debt, thoseollege under thebe examples declaration of war or the use of military force. president obama [indiscernible] andrea putting troops back in paris are going to syria. is thati understand it goes on the way back to 1974, when ronald reagan signed that bill and effect. worked as this draft mean for the american people? -- what does this draft mean for the american people? guest: a couple things going on with selective service. we have an all volunteer military right now. we have not had a draft and the vietnam war.

had -- it gets to be sort of a wedge issue, where members of congress bringing up from time to time, almost as a rhetorical device. one is to add women to the draft. that proposal has been made sometimes by republicans, sometimes by democrats, sometimes i have to say disingenuously to try and or so vote. people pushing this don't want to vote but they are pushing to get the rollcall vote and create a record during election. what happened this year is congress and the to the defense policy provision and freed the commission to look at adding women to selective service, to register when they are 18, but there is an issue that they allude to that congressman rangel is part of -- probably require

not another form of executive action we have not talked about his proclamation to activate the draft. any time he authorizes the use of military force somewhere, that wade, the theory goes, put more everyday americans in the game. that means it would not go to war as likely. those are all policy decisions that congress has been debating. they are not made any decisions .et they come out supports and recommendations. obama became the first president since jimmy carter to endorse adding women, he did so only corso ago. it will continue to be something that is debated for years to come. host: how about the proclamation? guest:

proclamation is the oldest form of executive action. inc. about the emancipation proclamation. they are arguably, historically have been even more muscular than executive order. executive board are only has legal impact on the executive branch. a proclamation, as in the emancipation proclamation, can impact all of society. presidents have not used them quite as much lately. vaccination -- proclamation that cause of national guard, it remains in effect, but when you hear about the proclamation, the one president obama signed was one honoring john glenn and ordering the flies to be flown at half staff in his honor. they're mostly celebratory or honorary, but every once in a while, the proclamation can have pretty sweet [indiscernible] tranquility be a

twitter, where's the line between executive order and a lot? does an executive order supersede a lot? guest: no. the law says when the president issues an executive order, he does it typically say what real authority he has to enact that executive order, but the thing is, laws are vague, antiquated, can become obsolete. they take it manage of that by using executive orders to fill in the blanks, where congress may not have anticipated, congress did not explicitly prohibit and so presidents can use executive orders to fill in the blanks. host: back to ohio, mark is calling on the independent line. good morning. good morning. i appreciate the opportunity to speak my mind in america.

he is speaking on president has more executive orders and what was the other term? guest: [indiscernible] caller: that made him a more aggressive president the president's in the past. well, do not agree that he had to because the night he was elected, he was told by a room full of white people that they were not going to let him work. just like the night that the question of independence was signed, there was a room full of white man deciding what is going to happen in america. although 60 million plus american citizens voted for this [indiscernible] theoth elections and then it is betterided

than america, and now that we have another white man who has won an election, everyone is saying, let the men work. how come they didn't just let obama work? that is what america is about. guest: there is no question that we have just seen the period off nearly unprecedented obstruction, gridlock, dysfunction in the divided government. with a republican congress and democratic resident, there is no question. even earlier than that, even when president obama had democratic control of congress, there were republicans intent on using any legislative maneuver deport his agenda. they disagree, but as i suggested with trump, the mandate comes not necessarily from the popular vote or the

electoral vote. it comes from more than anything, in my opinion, congress. when the constitution was written, the framers put congress in article one in the constitution. they have the power to make the laws. the president is in extremely important office but it is congress that makes laws. president obama has resorted to these there are executive actions to try and get things done. he would be the first to tell you that he would prefer not the issue of executive actions on immigration and minimum wage and gun control, he would much rather have congress enact laws he could sign. they're much more permanent. president trump can undo all of president obama's executive actions. also, there is sort of the than thea permanent consensus that comes from having

congress rather than the president. , earliergory korte obamaall, president expenses executive order beyond earth -- what was this about? see a lot of these kinds of executive orders, putting into place policies. this one had to do it face whether. i am not a scientist so i'll tell you about this on precisely. there are cosmic rays, solar weather events that can disrupt electromagnetic systems on earth, communication systems. if there is severe enough, they magnetic grid. what the president that is people don't pay much attention to them at the time but they put in place a system where, ok, this has not happened yet but if it happens, you are the departments of government responsible for responding to it and it could be that department

of homeland security, the national oceanographic association would have a role to play, nasa would have a role to play comes of this executive order outlined with everyone's role with the indicates that the sun explodes and we have a major catastrophe. host: time for a few more calls. scott from winston-salem, north carolina, democratic caller. caller: happy holidays. i have a question, and they also have a comment on the russian hacking, if we have time. obama executive action, -- two caller back, becca had it right. what option did obama have after he did not have a majority anymore? they blocked everything. in the senate right now, there is close to 600 bills and pieces

of legislation that is sitting there, collecting dust. if anyone of you all called josh earnest -- caught josh earnest in the press briefing on the 20 17th economic report that came whatand i am so proud of the president has got done with construction that the other men brought up. it has been unparalleled. unbelievable. our gdp is that they point to right now. everything is going well and republicans -- i am in north carolina and liquid we have got going on right now with our -- our governor. things are crazy with republicans. they have been that we for years. i am just wondering, what other option did president obama have?

on the russia hack, and i will be quick about it, if anybody with, roger stone met up wikileaks, the go to guy for the tramp administration, and he provided the intel back-and-forth to work with russia on the hack hurt hillary clinton. host: all right, scott. but to from our guest. guest: i will pass on the russian hacking because that is another segment. on the issue of this sort of construction, that is the operating system, the way our system was designed. what other options did president obama have? if i were a republican in congress, i would argue that his option was to make his case american people, then he has better ideas than a

poke in congress to try and get democratic lawmakers selected to pass his agenda. he was less successful in doing that over the past six years. noted many times that president obama lost more down ballot races than any head of his party in the white house, and may be one century. so he failed to do that. voters in their infinite wisdom collected the republican congress. there are a lot of structural reasons that might be the case. there may be a lot of different factors. the fact is we did have divided government. the constitution gives congress privacy, but the president is able to -- as we have discussed -- to cover the margin sometimes at the second of orders to do things congress does not exquisitely for bid him to do to advance the agenda on the margin. host: virginia beach, bill on

the republican line. caller: thanks for taking my call. not believe that the nuclear agreement with their endless at the past i congress. cash passed by congress. an executiveheard called to action. what kind of legal document the nuclear deal with iran is between the united states and iraq? nott: it is correct, it is the treaty. the treaty would have to be ratified by the senate. it is what they referred to as an executive agreement, an agreement between, among, and the executives of the hundred and whatever signatories. we are talking about the iran nuclear deal. previously with the gettingagree -- i was

the confused with the climate agreement. agreed to relax some sanctions in exchange for certain positions on iran's nuclear agreement. the sanctions obama was lifting was sanctions that president obama imposed. the congress use the president under the international .mergency economic powers act the ability to declare cinemark the end imposed sanctions on another countries. president obama imposes the sanctions and can lift them. it is an executive tool. he did not need the approval of congress to do that. there was a mechanism where congress could have beat of that with the super majority, which

they do not have. it remains in place that the on iran that was put came from the executive and the deal was an executive arrangement. hundred authorities congress had given to the president. host: let's hear from houston, texas. caller: can you hear me? host: yes. caller: i am concerned that from being such a loose cannon that he is, would it be possible to put him to use executive action? i know you said he won't need to use it because he is congress on his side, but i'm thinking he would possibly use executive action to recognize taiwan as an orependent country [indiscernible] aggression toward

crimea. is anything that could be done to stop it before china and the eu take military action against united states? host: thank you. guest: yes and no. it may depend on the area. as you probably know, the president has a good amount of leeway in foreign policy, but congress does still have laws. it was taiwan, we have a system that evolved over the past few decades. based on committee case with the chinese government and the he may be, so somewhat constrained. i am not an expert on china policy or taiwan, but i think it would be constrained. areas, he might have more room to move executive action, the jerusalem embassy relocation i that requires the president to move the u.s. embassy in israel from pebble

beach to jerusalem. congress also included a waiver toallow the president determine every six months it is not in our national security interest to move it to jerusalem. trump does have the authority. not even through an executive order but failing to take action, the embassy tortures fun, which have some consequences. youe are some areas where can take action, but one thing the executives order is not the same as a tweet. these are things often in development for weeks or months. as be prepared. there debated within the imaginee branch, so not trump would sign an executive order on impulse.

host: you will be at the white house today. what do you lord to hearing from the president? guest: this is his end of the a press conference he often has before he departs for honolulu on his christmas vacation. it may also be one of the last press conferences of his presidency, so in addition to the news of the day, which is very much dominated by the russian hacking's, as a to , president obama told npr that you will take action against russia. i'm sure he will hear more about what that action debate. be.hat action could i suspect there will be questions about what kind of presidency he hopes he is remembered for. transition questions about how he hopes to turn over the keys to the car to president trump. host: there is a tweet from someone called madman across the

water, picking up on something we heard about this week. i cannot wait for trump to do away with the daily white house briefing. being lied to more than once is proficient. some of the norms and traditions we have had in the white house, among the white house press corps for decades, may not be recognized by president trump parried it is important to recognize that the president certainly controls -- term. it is a point to recognize that the presence of the controls the white house. there is no law that requires are there to be a daily briefing. these are traditions that have evolved to buy republican and democratic presidents. both democratic and republican presidents have honored them. it has only been past 28 years or so that they have been on camera.

these to be more pen and pad days. why the no reason timing cannot be changed. happened early in the day, late at night, more frequently, less prettily. we doimportant and what and we will work with the administration to make sure there is a venue for independent journalists to ask questions of the most powerful office in the land is for the as possible. host: gregory korte of "usa today," thank you for your time. eastern time today, the president's press conference. more calls after the news conference and we will replay it tonight on prime time on tv. watch at any time at www.c-span.org. we have a little less than an hour and a half left. david strickland is coming next, he is with the group the

coalition for safer streets. what you might see in your neighborhood and how regulations might be working. also, later, the digital news service will talk to us about the humanitarian crisis in stand ind where things syria, five years into that civil war. we'll be right back. ♪ on americanend history tv on c-span3, saturday evening before 7:00 p.m. eastern, patrick grain, and author of the book "the land shall be the boost in blood" examines the life of not turner and the confusion and

uncertainty among whites and blacks in the aftermath. embodied the dramatic differences that existed in the black community as some, including artists, decided to support the revolt, while others elected to support the whites. hubert -- >> university of maryland on the ship advertising and marketing in the early 20th century and how consumer experiences changed during this time. >> instead of selling the automobile as a means of transportation, you can sell a car as for steve's. >> just before nana -- car as prestige. timest before 9:00, to winning pulled surprise cartoonist, a cartoonist during the war for the army stars and stripes magazine.

>> he avoided ideological outbursts and never allowed partisan politics into his cartoons. back home, he jumped into the political fray with both feet. >> sunday at 6:00 p.m. on "american artifacts" -- >> one of my favorite articles, a draft version of what became the bill of rights. we usually refer to this as the senate markup. they took the 17 amendments passed by the house and change them into 12 amendments that after a conference committee, it was 12 amendments that were sent to the state for ratification. 10 of those 12 or ratified by the states. >> christine blacker begin jennifer johnson take a tour of the national archive exhibit, marking the 225th anniversary of the ratification of the bill of rights. complete american history schedule, go to www.c-span.org.

followed the transition of government on c-span as president-elect's alexa cabinet and the republicans and democrats prepare for the next congress. we will take you to key events as they happen without interruption. watch live on c-span, on demand at www.c-span.org or listen on our free radio app. "washington journal continues. host: joining us now is david , a spokesperson for the self driving coalition for safer streets and the former administrator at the national highway traffic safety administration. to our for being here. here.nk you for being we have to talk about some driving cars. explain what the self driving car is. how does it work? it,t: when you think about you have some aspects of self driving in the cars you see that that for themselves,

braking system you see with higher luxury cars as an example, cars that steered to keep you in the middle of the lane, but think about that for self driving cars have all of that aspect tight together so that the person never has to be part of the driving task. that is the long-range vision when you think of self driving cars. literally, you are permanently a passenger. host: how close are we to using these? ofst: much closer than a lot people think. we will probably be seeing trafficnts in very densities like san francisco, new york, probably low-speed taxi or selfa driving service or you see this and you see aspects are being tested around the country. over the longer amount of time, you will see an evolution where the cars -- you can own one and across the country with

only feeling a few times and never having to be part of the driving task. host: if you have it to the ages of 18 and 34, call .202)-748-8000 if you are between 35 and 50 years old, (202)-748-8001. if you are between 35 and 50 years old, (202)-748-8001. if you are over 50 years old, (202)-748-8002 is your number. look forward to interesting questions and comments for david strickland. group, safe driving coalition for safer streets is relatively new and formed this past april. what are your policy goals? guest: our overall mission and goal is to make sure we have a regulatory environment so we can deploy these vehicles that have the ability to drive themselves. right now, we have issues in the stages where they differ state laws from driver operational license because he no longer have the human driving but you have a machine driving. that is that one aspect to can work through.

also, the consumer education effort. when you think about this, it is the transformational technology for state the. 94 percent of all crashes happen element of driver error, so summer, there has been an issue with the decision the driver made that led to the crash. to crashes092 people in 2015 and we trending toward losing more in 2016. vehicle has driving the opportunity to address a number of issues and address fatalities. host: as the industry ramps itself up, can you lay out the , the benefits and drawbacks of self driving cars? >> -- guest: to be honest, the things they think are drawbacks is that some people up to drive. in washington, d.c., they had that beautiful sunday drive on george washington parkway.

ist sense of that nature that thing people think they may miss. i don't think that will be the case but that is one thing we hear. another issue, long-term, is the evolution of driving skills. if we have people using self driving cars, mostly as transportation, how do we deal with driver education and driving a path and people do that into vehicles that dr. drive. those are a couple of things that will have to be thought about and worked through as you go forward, but benefits are huge. mobility, seniors with no ability to drive, most people have had very few choices and self driving cars and give them the ability that they have never had. transformational. host: what does the industry say about safety for those concerned about this? how do they make their point? guest: the work right now is really testing and making sure the technology does work and

there is 99.99% reliability in how it is structured to perform. it is close today. the one issue i think they are working on for four level or a level five driving privileges of conditions, but right now, the sensors don't want very well. line of sight. visit the issues i have been working on right now but once aceto.e overcome, you for driving cars, safer than the human driver. ceo of the m the companiest wrote -- actively aim to fail fast. the experiment in the real world to work out kinks as they go, this makes sense for those developing a smart phone system, but fine-tuning on the fly is not feasible in the automotive world. how companies developing this

technology proceed over the next two years will determine whether the public actually accepts these innovations. as automakers, we must resist the temptation to exaggerate and remain honest about technology limits, recklessly introducing the riskless -- the future risks could be releasing the most critical component of the equation, patel. components of the equation. thoughts? guest: we have to be realistic to the public, but technology is fantastic and potential is huge. he was right and that we really only have one chance to do this correct in the industry. we have to be thoughtful and conservative, test thoughtfully, to put thoughtfully, and make that the use and user understands implications, and we move forward in that way. you are right that we will have

pieces. i will never tell anyone there will be a crash involving a safe in the automated mode. it will happen but it is to make sure the ability we manage that the and address the capabilities. host: on a line for those over 50 years old, march they city, michigan. hello, there. caller: good morning. ,'m in the trucking industry and that driver finding out work for almost 20 years. my concern is hacking. not only with chuck spoke with cars. with -- with trucks but with cars. guardsn be 100% safe against that that the industry is taking. host: the industry is working on several protectors for the roads today. in cyber laid out security guidelines, best

practices that their work to integrate. more portly, and the one thing you say, you have to be aware. cyber attacks are criminals always looking for an opportunity to exploit. we have to harden the vehicles and make sure that we separate safety critical systems from something like entertainment, radio, hotspots, things of that nature. the goal is to make sure it makes it hard for separate attack to succeed but to recognize when you do have do haveime -- when you attacks, you can shut it down quickly. they're working to make sure maintained. you're right, cyber security will be important aspect, not only for self driving but all vehicles. host: mortgages from michigan and reminds her of this story in "the washington post." will learnhat gm soon if it will stand up to michigan's harsh winters.

that brings the weather question of. the deal is, any kind of weather. guest: there are friday of i am a lawyer, not engineer -- but you're talking about ultrasonic radar systems, things that are integrated to see and you have additional systems to be able to recognize where you are when you whiteout condition. even though you cannot see the outlines, it moves exactly where it is. you will have [indiscernible] gps system and other things to help address and you have these weather situations. that is the fun thing about the technology now. everyone is trying to throw the hardest cases added. whether in michigan, driving in boston, or the pittsburgh left. that is the hard part working through these anomalies, regional differences to make

sure it works. host: you mention using laser beams, and here is a sketch in "the new york times." we can take a look at how a car drives itself, you have these radar sensors, cameras, and we have chris on the line from seattle, 18 to 34. hi, chris. wentr: as a millennial, i to say that i don't think it is a matter of if but when. we have grown up with these and it ises like gps, inevitable that it will happen and has been a question of when. about centralized technology is you can map out roads and apply it to all the cards. something changes and it is much more efficient [indiscernible] where centralized system, all communicate with each other and they know where they are. it would work better. my question is, as far as just

the growth of the industry -- with a trunk administration, where we expect lower gdp growth , that is higher than 2% solid, can we see more progress? i feel like the american economy has been stagnant for eight .ears this industry is a future that could become much much bigger in a corporate environment. one thing about the auto industry is that during the obama administration, post-2008, the industry has expanded by at least 1000, frankly, and thinking the number of cars, the estimates will have a 12 to 13 million unit. market percent four years. units a whileion ago. i think that thinking about the technology and opportunity that

self driving vehicles in this environment will be a huge economic drive for a number of reasons. providing transportation for those currently don't have the number of choices that we would vehicle did disabled can go shopping have those. same thing for seniors thinking about technologies and having did united states being in the lead come so i agree that i think the self driving vehicles for this country will be a tremendous growth opportunity and that is why so many have leaned into it. from newport, arkansas, over 50. caller: i was calling about being an american motorcyclist association member. i know they work with lobbyists in washington to try and bring up our concerns at this, but my andern is on my motorcycle

do we really want the truck driving industry to be taken over? we have lost a lot of lives in this country and technology mostly makes it go and i'm not sure we want to leave all those skirts of technology. motorcycle is my main objective. host: thank you. guest: for questions are excellent. after mentioned, 94% of all crashes have an element of human error, so anything about motorcycles ensuring the road with cars, you may sure folks -- are paying attention. the core issues you want to measure the motorcycle driver is doing the right thing but also heavily relying on the cars doing the right thing. the self driving vehicle will have way more situational awareness because it will see the environment at all times. as opposed to being scared about the self driving car and motorcycle interaction, it will be the best friend the motorcyclist will ever have because the self driving car

will always work to the crash and be aware and looking and seeing. frankly, in the long-term, motorcyclist will be much safer. the next question about who the impacts of self driving on things like the road, right now today, i believe [indiscernible] that is i hear advertisements on the radio. i think self driving in the interim of probably support the industry by closing that gap. long-term, when you think about automated technology had a variety of impacts on friday of industries. transition, but a lot of times, there are gains. perfect example is the banking industry when they first look at men and they said we would never [indiscernible] does atms spurred tremendous jobs in the banking industry

because of pre-intelligence to do other things in a grid the industry as opposed to shrinking it. we have to be mindful of job impact, but we think the technology will be a growth opportunity, and will have impacts on jobs. host: you said we are closer ton you might think consumers using driverless cars. who is leading the way right now question mark which parts of the country? which industry, -- who is leading the way right now? which parts of the country? guest: the beautiful thing about technology and innovation is it is flowering all over the country. i cannot say there is anyone reading. you see tremendous work in the state of michigan, 10 of work in isas, pennsylvania, and it really a number of places across the country. frankly, there is a number who want to be involved in the race to developing self driving cars.

so universities getting involved, or the university of michigan, stamford, virginia tech, i know i am weeding out tons of other schools in the lead for this. this really is a national arrived, which is a great thing as opposed to when country in renovation. before get back to calls, -- insswoman -- congress line host: before you get back to calls, here is congresswoman on hot might impact. [video clip] >>. takatageneral motors, and others to show that the industry doesn't always have a great track record with consumer trust in recent years. at the industry trusts us with the town the spiegel's, why should consumers take them at

their word and what assurances can the industry give the consumers and regulators that their vehicles will be safe to operate? answer?w would you guest: the issue is that manufacturing across the country with technology will have issue. that will be at. ultimately, when you think about it, the industry really does have the best interest to consumers at heart, despite mistakes. the answer to representative -- which i have worked on a number of issues with her, one of my favorite members of congress -- is that this industry is looking to work directly with policy makers interact with consumers and make sure that we aren't their trust, so this is not simply a notion of me will run the technology, you will love it, trust us. we will show you the work we put in, day in, day out, to make sure it is going to achieve the safety and mobility benefits we believe. we want to show our work, and

that is the reason why i think i technology in this together their interaction with regulators and policymakers, state leaders, consumer advocates, etc., is going to show that this technology will be ready and it will actually be a huge success. james from new jersey, thanks for waiting. what is on your mind? me.er: thank you for having i was just concerned about the legal ramifications of this. even though the technology is great and much more efficient than human, it still has flaws, wereran an article that say these was making sure that their algorithms prior tries passengers before sanders? making sure that their algorithms work prior to

passengers. i just want to know what you would think. guest: a vehicle is similar to a basic consumer product. if the self driving car is in the automated mode, i think a most every manufacturer said it will be responsible for any issue that it may create. that is the status quo today. theink when you think about issues and liability, a lot of people talk about this as it will be particularly difficult to [indiscernible] i don't think it is. there will be some fairly basic principles of how we deal with liability and how we think about these things and i think there is a lot of precedence there. you made a statement about priority -- prioritization of values, what the vehicle does, and that happens today. = designed to be protective of

the driver and occupants, called crash wariness, and it is also designed to be protective of the road users and making sure if you get into a crash, that the car and bumpers lineup, things of that nature. you will see similar things going forward with self driving avoid the crash in the first place, a different concept, and with that, making are protected. i think every manufacturer will be making those decisions and they will be doubtful. i think a liability regime will withstand this disruption. if you want to call it that, and will make sure that people are properly protected if there is an issue. over 50vid, virginia, years old. hi, david. caller: yes, actually, i am 72 years old. host: great. caller: i'm sorry? host: great, thank you for calling. caller: as a general principle, i have been very supportive of the new technologies that they

.ave certainly as i have been buying new cars, i have been looking for more and more safety measures like part support and being able to however, i am concerned about the liability issue. one million cars, tens of millions of cars on the road, it may not be enough. guest: the industries driving to be better better in terms of performance. in talking about liability, my work with the coalition is also, i am also an attorney, partner in town. friendly, myself and my partners think about these liability issues all of the time. when you think about, the vector cars, asriving

properly applied will reduce crashes which means there will be fewer opportunities for liability concerns. the issue, who is responsible for the crash? if it is a car where there is -- oris driven by the software by the human part of the time, that may be the more difficult cases to figure out. who was in control and who is at fault? these vehicles will have sensors and at data recorder on every car today that you will be able to know whether this system was on or off in what situation was before the crash, during the crash and after the crash. in terms of liability, things will get easier because of will be more data when you have a crash. on the regulation piece of all of this, president obama september, ad in

little bit of what she wrote about regulation. he said -- first of all, spink about the federal piece of this. said national highway traffic safety did a tremendous amount of work to think about other pathways so frankly creating an environment of the self driving cars. the issue, a guidance policy a raisedof months ago, was forth a couple of expectations of the federal gourd -- government and nhtsa will have including a 15 point safety assessment.

that was immensely helpful and trying to help talk about their role and the federal government and the president had it absolutely right. we cannot set in a situation where we have followed the squelched that is because you are being very prescriptive and detailed about what can it cannot do. all opportunities are to let the fantastic research flour. -- flower. tube able to get us to where we are with an environment that ensure safety and how we reach things is incredibly important. applicationch between federal and what the states are up to? guest: it is complicated. that's what members of my coalition are focused upon. the federal government has a traditional role of how long it takes for you to come to a stop

and rollover protection. the states have been traditionally responsible for beings,ator, the human licensing. when the machine but comes the operator, there is a confluence of where is the federal authority and where is the state authority. and apartment transportation has stated once operator is a machine, it is a federal government that should be the regulatory of authority in dealing with this. i think everybody agrees with that and we help the states will focus on the number of things that have within the current purview. that's lots of regulations will actually be an impediment to self-driving, if not corrected. new aspect of trying to regulate a vehicle safety standards and creating of s and it will be

impactful in a bad way. host: in maryland, 18-35 year old. welcome, michael. for having meyou on. i have one quick question. i am a technical consultant. we have been studying the state of the art and where autonomous vehicles are going. i have a question regarding level three vehicles which are partial autonomy. and i know there's a lot of disagreement within, kind of industry and academia on whether to actually have level three partial autonomous vehicles or skip over to full autonomy. mostly due to the inability to be sure that drivers are attentive and able to take back over when they are prompted. so, so, yes. where do see a path forward? and does it include level three?

guest: a great question. it is an open question. a number of fresheners working on level three solutions and you will probably see some product on a level three coming very supersuch as cattle like -- cadillac super cruise. a great question of because there is having a driver being overreliance on the technology and not being ready to receive control of the vehicle if the vehicle wants to hand control back. i am not an engineer, like an engineer a solution where making certain that the driver is always in position and ready. the issue becomes whether or not the driver with experience is going to be, you know, enjoyable. you can make sure a person is ready to take over for the drive , but it may be more stressful to have the person hovering over the wheel.

there can be other solutions that will make level three enjoyable and frankly useful. to be a stair step process on how we get to level four or level five autonomy. level 2 is here in level three is coming very, very soon. fore may be opportunities level 32 existed before level four or level five. some manufacturers think maybe level three may be overstepped because we cannot rely upon people cannot overreliance technology and get them to be passengers. host: scottsdale, arizona. did morning, brian. guest: good morning. host: what would like to ask? guest: it is more or less a comment towards the american people. i do not think there is a necessity to have some driving cars. we have had vehicles for quite some time. i drive one myself.

i have not really had a problem. i am concerned that we create an arena for possible manipulation through certain things like taxing drivers, creating ammittees that regulate certain industry of self driving cars. and create something unnecessary that did not necessarily exist in the first place. that would be a tax furthering an other people that i did not even think about -- and that they deny for the about. host: thank you. guest: i would have to disagree with you. earlier, 30ated 5000 people died in traffic crashes last year. that is thousands and thousands of families impacted forever. killedall drivers because of the actions of an parent driver. half of all people who die were

now wearing seatbelt. -- because of the actions of an impaired driver. andof the range of things the current administration talks about his all of the time. this is the opportunity for us to have technology that can k the chain of sorrow on how americans live out. when you have with the biggest killer of all people and how the technology that can intervene in dealing with that, that is opportunity. howthinking about regulators may look at the technology and control the technology and how do you fund self-driving vehicles? there is a need for a user friendly road and that is how we make sure we funded the infrastructure. to bes always going there. some driving cars is not a vector to increase more regulation. i think it is frankly going to

be the opportunity to peel back notion thathave the people entities vehicles will be much more safer. thank you for your thoughtful. it was a great question. issuedhe california dmv of halt to self driving cars. they threatened to legal action, "the examiner" against self-driving uber cars. and also a a permit couple of these self driving cars that went through red lights. what is your reaction? tost: i am not in a position talk about this. it is ongoing with uber and the state of california. uber is a member of our coalition. they, as a company, are committed to the safest awful testing of also driving cars -- a thoughtful testing

of all driving cars. we are committed to the technology and safety. host: franklin, tennessee. good morning, john. caller: hi, how are you doing? host: we are fine. go ahead. less comment about running through the red light. i am a statistician. you have to compare that with all of the drivers who are , areg care of their cars going through the red lights. i have gone through red lights. my biggest thing is if there is 2 levels of red lights, i'm looking at so far level and i should be looking at a near level. sometimes i run through the red light. i was just thinking, driving on the highway, you have all of these cars lined up. how are you going to pass?

is everybody going to be going the same speed? if you go until parking deck, how do you know what space you are going to go into? complicated. i think the technology will not be completed for 20, 30 years from now. host: a fundamental question. which parking space to take? guest: that is one of the best applications, a number of automakers are working on, the ability of a car, almost like a valet service. you pull it to a parking garage a you can send your car to park it so. cars are very good at finding the empty spaces and cut line up perfectly between the lines. -- and can line up perfectly between the lines. human error have a fellow the time. i'm the former head of auto safety for the united states and i make driving errors every drive i take. openly admitted. i am attentive and aware and i self correct.

talkingwhat we are about. even the best of drivers make driver errors. that will be reduced with a self-driving scenario. the question about the technology being twitter 30 years ready, it will be ready before that time piano. how long will it take for the fleet to turn over? -- it will be ready before that time period. cars on the road, the average life of a car on the road is 11.4 years. it will probably take 20 or 30 years to tie the fleet over to see this technology fully integrated. he is ready that she is right about the lack of penetration. technology will be ready well before that. host: the impact on traffic. could it mean the end of traffic or better traffic? better traffic.

legacy vehicles are not going to go away. people will stand have vehicles than need to be driven. you will have fewer crashes and less congestion. see athink you will nition.ion -- a dimu vehicles,nect the proposed rulemaking a day or two ago talking about having cars talk to each other to convey safety messages. if you have cars talk to each other so they know traffic situations and can adjust and as a are connected together by messages and that keep the same amount of speed, you can see some very beneficial impacts on traffic. i would love to say traffic would disappear, but i think that is being too aggressive. level positive benefit. host: naples, florida. hi, joel.

caller: good morning. i have two or three questions. you talked about road fatalities. carsu think self-driving are going to encourage drugs and and texting and senile, blind people to drive? holtzman do you want to add a second question? ageer: you set the average of a car is 11 years old. vehicles and three of them have manual transmissions and three of them are over 20 years old. guest: you're absolutely right. there is an average. yearsars are well over 11 as some get turned over -- under 11 years.

you can have cars in service for two decades. if you wanted that historically preserved cars, three or four decades, they are drivable. and i think the opportunity is there, what you are talking about, talking about driver error and self-driving cars actually will free people to do things. you can, if you so choose, you can take a nap on your car as the car takes care of the drive. you can text and watch your youtube cat videos on the way to there you will get safely. the impact on drug driving is huge. ofaddition to my day job being the head of the self-driving coalition, i'm the national board chairman for mothers against driving. the opportunity to make sure that people make a decision to joining, they have self-driving carpet take care of the entire drive.

drink, a decision to they have also driving cars to take care of the entire drive. it gives us more protections for people who make the decisions. i would love to have the opportunity to have a cocktail and then i got in my car and my car takes me home. host: west virginia. hi, jesus. caller: good morning. yes, so, i am a computer engineer working right now. i am still at the junior level, so i am not added events. i find this prospect of self-driving cars really exciting and it will put a lot of people like myself to work. what i find really interesting somehe gentleman mentioned cases earlier. i am interested to know, i do

not know if you have detail, how some of the developers are working toward resolving the cases of turn it into a busy intersection or something like that? we have all of these defenses and sensors. i am assuming some of these will check for archer sonic -- ultrasonic vibrations. also an issue of being reliant on road markings, so if you notice road markings are very old a you cannot really see them, maybe what kind of solutions to handle some of these situations? guest: i apologize for not being appropriately prepared a software engineer, but i can talk about the process. you are absolutely right. coalitionmbers of the are working in dealing with the current environment see today, which is, you know, bad roads,

faded markings, bad occurs, rotaries, ifrns, you live in a boston, a boston rotary is used. yes, there's a number of challenges. what did the manufacturers are doing, they really got an accurate look of what the driving environment is in where there are testing. accurate gps and things like that. engineers andve the cars working with the system so that the take control. they contest the vehicle and maintain they are testing it safely. you go through failure modes. you see it recognizing the environment but does not behave in the way you want, you take control. you read the data and make adjustments. that is the reason why testing is so important in all of these difficult environments.

testing safely is so important. have a vehicle that sees the difficult environments. analysisailure mode technique engineers are taking a but doing a very very carefully. host: our guest is david strickland, the former head of nhtsa. currently counsel a spokesperson for the new group called at the self-driving coalition for your type -- so german coalition. -- thank you for your time. we will turn to discussion of syria. our guest will be alessandria masi, of digital new site, areia deeply," where things in the civil that is now five years old and hear more of your voices. we will be right back.

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now. discussion of syria on your screen is alessandria masi of an organization known as "syria deeply" a journalism organization, thank you for joining us this morning. guest: thank you for having me. host: on your website, we see this story with this headline. what can you tell us in terms of the latest in aleppo, in syria at large? guest: evacuations started from eastern aleppo, the area under control by the opposition last night. , think by midnight last night around 3000 people had been evacuated. when we woke up this morning, things had not changed much except for many announcements. the syrian government said they had been halted.

saidussian government evacuations are completely done and everybody who wanted to leave our out. from what i have heard from people the ground, that's completely not true. between 40,000 and 50,000 civilians inside of eastern aleppo. in the last hour, all internet communications been cut off in the area. host: just in the last hour. what will be the last impact going forward? guest: the main concern is there are no action -- international observers on the ground assisting. you have problems of trust between people living in opposition areas being evacuated by people of the syrian government. we do not know what is going to happen in terms of the humanitarian situation and atrocities. we have seen in the last month and aleppo and now there's no

way to get information is a free-for-all for whoever wants to do anything. host: phone numbers on the bottom for our guest, alessandria masi of syria deeply . first, a little bit about your organization, syria deeply. when did it start? how are you funded? what is your journalism goal? guest: is started a year after the syrian conflict began. we are an international, independent organization. our funding from various, different organizations who what to fund a single topic that focuses every day only on syria. provide in-depth analysis, but also to highlight and amplified voices on the ground for individuals in syria and of syrian, who can use our website as a platform to speak to an english audience and

international audience. that is not something they are able to do very often a. host: tell as a little bit more about aleppo. what is its history? how did it get to its current state with the fighting? for some time, that city, if we escaped a correctly, lot of the damage and destruction of other parts of the country. is that correct? guest: early on. in 2011, aleppo was pretty untouched until 2012. before the war started, it was the most populous city and the comp personal -- commercial and industrial hub and a beautiful and vibrant city, from what i've heard and seen. from 2012, the syrian opposition moved in and were able to take the eastern side of the city. ofm then on, there was,

coarse, many, many airstrikes on ao -- but aut bl bloc and the city has been split. we have seen the complete takeover in the last two weeks. host: jim carrey was here in been washington yesterday, renewing could call for the international community to exert pressure. let's hear what the secretary of state had to save. secretary kerry: we have arrived at another critical point, juncture. if aleppo falls completely, then people are slaughtered in that small area, it will be even harder to be able to bring people around. it will not end the war. the following aleppo, should it of the war. not end it will continue. there is a challenge a governing air reuniting the country and

rebuilding the country. and how many countries will step up and rebuild it for the policies executed today? so provided we are able to ,tabilize a situation in aleppo it is essential we move forward as a earliest possible moment with a syrian led process aimed at ending the war and transitioning to a more representative government. without that many full transition of power in which and the voices of the syrian people are heard, the opposition will continue to fight. terrorists will continue to be in control and millions of syrians will be forced to flee their homes. here, i want to emphasize every single party i've spoken to in very recent days, in paris last week, from here in about washington this week, as recently this morning, every stakeholder tells me they are ready and willing to get back on

the path to geneva and that includes the legitimate syrian opposition. it includes turkey and the arab states. the only remaining question is whether the syrian regime with the russian support is willing to go to geneva and prepared to negotiate constructively and whether or not they are ready to end the slaughter of their own people? of newlessandria masi york. how is the international community responding to the secretary of state's plea? guest: the international community is responding to the same way, strong words of condemnation, calls for support and protection and and and. -- an end, what is essentially a massacre. aleppo is the largest city in syria.

for it to happen, it may somebody let it happen. aleppo did not just fall. the people inside were stretched and they had no more will. interviewed and spoke to a person who works in syria and she said, we are witnessing a breaking of the human spirit into them aleppo and that's the fall of aleppo. host: let's take our first call. in addition to our regular phone lines, we have a fourth number we will put on the screen form syrian refugees in the u.s. we would love to hear your stories. joe is on the line from las vegas on the republican line for alessandria masi who is in new york. go ahead. caller: you know, when hillary clinton went in front of a podium and said that she has to

take out the dossey because he -- gaddafi because he is going to wipe out the town, 40,000 people there and it will be inhumane to make her do that. lo and behold, the town of benghazi was a town, a terrorist ground and a breeding ground for terrorist. put the data side. in syria, half a million people got killed. they used the red line that obama true, that was not a redline, that was a green line. people you can kill 495 ,ith a gun, bonds -- guns bombs.

that ish barrel bombs, not permitted. something is wrong with this picture. walkingee these people and dying of these poor kids, why aren't we doing something about it? we are supposed to go in there and take them right out. russia wants to stop us, then we have to do what we have to do. russians do not want to know part of us. host: thank you for calling. alessandria masi. what he said is an interesting point. it was a green line. the death tollf between 400000 and 500,000 in the last five years. as to what to the u.s. could have done, i think it could've happened earlier in the conflict but now there are so many different powers involved and as

will seen in aleppo, the u.s. is taking a backseat. the plan going forward, the a safe zones.s i do not think save souls they will have an immediate impact -- safe zones, they will have an immediate impact. it is not a solution. host: "the new york times" writes about this and donald trump about the so-called safe zones. a little bit of the peace in hershey, pennsylvania. that the u.s. would create safety zones. i look at what is going on, it is sad, he told the crowd. to helpwe are going people. in more thoughts on what the president-elect has to say on syria? said, safe zones, as i

are a good idea in the short-term. but to establish save safe zones, you have to push people out to bring them in a. that's essentially what happened and aleppo. all of the people living in eastern aleppo have to be moved into an area and then the u.s. can keep them safe. as far as long-term stability and solution to the conflict, what happens after they are in the safe zone? they cannot go on forever. they actually do not hurt the syrian government or their allied militias and all. they have already succeeded in pushing aleppo -- pushing the people out of aleppo. a lot of opposition activists are for a no-fly zone, which is than a no airstrike zone. a safe zone is putting a band-aid on a very large wound.

host: our second call. hi, peter. caller:. terrible: this is a tragedy. moving frome people syria as refugees into europe and into the u.k. and into greece? ? youot any arab countries are all muslims. why are you moving into christian countries? it seems a bit strange that the whole arab world is between the shia and sunni. -- none of your people are taking your own refugees. why is everything been done by the united states and europe? it's really puzzles me. host: let's hear from our guest. that is a very

valid question. what i do want to point out, not everybody in syria is a muslim. that is not true. there are several minorities there also fleeing and everybody has the same enemy. and the assad regime. secondly, the u.s. has taken less refugees that most other countries and that's changed only recently. going to europe instead of arab countries, as you said, a lot of the neighboring countries have taken in the highest number of syrian refugees. lebanon has the most syrian per capita. they are going where people will accept them and take them. when you are fleeing something as horrible as barrel bombs, if it does not matter where you go. that is not your main concern. you are not picking got a vacation destination.

host: our guest based in beirut has worked at the international is aess times and also featured author in the 2016 edition. our guest is alessandria masi, who was from new york. where are you from originally? how did you get involved in this field, field of journalism and this venture? guest: i am canadian. and i started working as a journalist after the university and i was covering the middle east and syria since i graduated. i gradually moved to the middle east a year ago. i've been working with syria deeply the last nine months and focusing on syria. now, is the time to focus on syria. host: moving on to joe, democratic caller.

caller: first time caller. first-time voter. very disappointed. i'm very disappointed looking at the us tv schedule at this tv screen looking at these women in children. it is unbelievable. host: tj, independent caller. caller: high. -- hi. i would like to comment on what we are seeing is definitely atrocious. we have to put in context. what happened here in syria was a siege. that's what we hear in the media and see in "the new york times" and cnn. inside of aleppo holding these people hostage at gunpoint. and the russians negotiated on behalf of of these people and wanted to let them out of the

siege city of aleppo. it was siege on the inside. these terrorists, which are al qaeda affiliated and funded and sponsored by saudi arabia, turkey and qatar, which is our ally. then negotiated for them to leave and the people were there gunpoint by these groups. it was only after the syrian army, which is supported by the russians, entered the city that people are leaving. it is horrible to see this. we have to understand. we cannot just say that the russians are our enemies. i did not vote for donald trump. one thing that would be beneficial in his foreign-policy is he wants to have a talk with russia. that would mean we do not have a confrontation and a war, but we

can solve it diplomatically. if it were not for the russians in this situation, we would've had, hawk missile -- tomahawk missiles over damascus. i support the diplomatic rapprochement with russia because it would not benefit civilian population of these anymore than what is happening now. all we have now is terms and i do not know, in other way to describe it. there is aying slaughter, a humanitarian crisis, the russians are using precision weapons to destroy hospitals. this is now born out of the facts and not much evidence saying such. we have had celebrations. online.see it celebrations of people being liberated. shiite and sunni people, ethnic minorities, arminians, who were being besieged by al qaeda

affiliated groups. byse groups were liberated the syrian army. i am not saying anything that is comparable to war times did not occur because that is just the scale of war. look at what happened in at u.s. invasion of iraq. you had civilian casualties and nobody was talking about innovating on behalf of iraq to stop u.s. forces from invading iraq or afghanistan. host: thank you for calling. a response from our guest. guest: so, there are so many points to make here. the first one is, we need to remember while of course in aleppo there are so are -- there are some armed groups affiliated with aleppo, -- al qaeda, that broken up. there are several different syrian opposition factions who were in eastern aleppo. there were also 250,000

civilians in eastern aleppo. they are special and a conflict. the spirit of the uprising in 2011 did stay alive in many parts of eastern aleppo and in a lot of civilians. and now what we have seen is that has been broken. you mentioned fake news were talking about russian air attacks. we have seen photos and videos and we are seeing the victims and we of spoken to their families. there's really no question that hospitals are being bombed. schools are being bombed up that is unacceptable. , a big, broad question, alessandria masi. what actions are needed to create peace? what will stop the killing? guest: that is a very broad

question, a very good question. right now, it is seems the war is not going to end anytime soon. this military victory the syrian government was able to achieve in about aleppo will greenlight about to go further and to do them and the rest of the population pockets pretty evil with the negotiations, it it does not seem like a they will be very fruitful. for the fighting to stop, every party, it every foreign policy needs to get what they want and it does not seem possible. host: the voice of donald trump earlier. to protect our country from terrorism and extremism, i will suspend immigration and refugee admissions from regions where that cannot be safely processed or vetted. [applause] mr. trump we will keep radical

hell out ofists the our country. [applause] trump: we will keep them out. we have enough problems. we got enough problems, right? we got to bring our jobs back. we do know what problems. we will build saves old in syria. when i see what is going on in syria. it is sad. it is so sad. the gulf states that have nothing but money. we do not have money. i will get the gulf states to give us lots of money and we will help build safe zones in syria so people can have a chance. have a chance. host: he talked about the saves old a getting money from other countries. he talked about entry --

immigration. -- about save zones and getting money from other countries. what you think about the vetting of people who want to clue make here? inst: i would point out 2014, there were 84,000 syrians would emigrated to the u.s. i mean, sinking all of syrians coming are isis does not make any sense because they have been here before. i would say the u.s. vetting process for people seeking asylum and refugee side of -- asylum is one of the hardest in the world. it can take up to two years. it takes check from i was every single department. dod, fbi counterterrorism. people coming from syria are also subjected to an extra level of checks a by the department of immigration and citizenship in a country. before they take off, they are extremely vetted. after this point, unless you are sitting, asking each one, are

you isis, it does not really -- the process is extremely hard already. , i dog it off completely not think it will stop what he wants to stop. host we will talk a little bit more about isis. aboutl of brookings wrote trump's strategy. your thoughts and reactions?

guest: the strategic shift from the u.s. and turkey really tomorrow for more towards isis then they were with opposition against the regime happened for the last few months and that is what led to the fall of aleppo. my concern here, of course, defeating isis is a great thing, nobody would argue against it. my real concern is how many civilians' lives will be lost in the areas of the isis controls? it is not as easy to say if you are not with isis and you do not supported them, just to leave. people cannot justly. there are hundreds of reasons. how many of those lives will be lost in this campaign to defeat isis? host: dallas, texas. good morning, brian. caller: good morning. i just wanted to bring up with the right now in yemen with the we. logistical support and

supply the weapons, saudi arabia and the coalition are bombing of the hell and destroying yemen. they have nowhere to escape to because they are blocked. do is quithave to giving them logistical support and we could stop that. the same think is going on in yemen and we are supporting it. host: thank you for calling. alessandria masi? guest: the same think it's happening in yemen and the same players. is involved in the conflict in yemen. -- one is not more important than the other. to a certain extent, people would say the u.s. supported what is happening in syria. the strategy is flawed for both conflicts. calling, is independent caller. good morning to you. caller: good morning.

what would you like to -- we are here and listening. go ahead. caller: the thing i want to communicate if i'm able to do european alliance needs to be ashamed of itself for what they allowed to take place. lady, who, this young is putting her time and energy and effort out there to communicate to the world what is happening in them aleppo. i applaud her. i think there needs to be more courage on the part of people to step up and go over there and get the people out of their. -- out of there. i am not some kind of a warmongering person, but i think whatevertry has, for reason, politically or otherwise or fear of punishment has disconnected itself from its

world to -- working responsibility of going over that and punishing those are punishing these innocent people. we are supposed to be the world's power and yet, we are allowing a criminal in the form of assad and in the form of putin to go over there and kill menies and women and e and people who want to have a country based on some kind of a for theirfreedom mentality, whatever that mentality is. host: thank you. let's hear from our guest in new york. guest: i think what you are saying is spot on. since the beginning of the syrian conflict, the international community and the world powers have watched.

violated overs and over and over again and nobody is doing anything to stop it. for the syrian government and their allies, there is no reason for them not to do these things because there will be no consequences. they are sure of that. this has been something since the beginning of the conflict. what you are saying is absolutely right. it has come so far, i am not sure what anybody can do. adds on twitter -- where is the u.n.? why can't they do anything? u.n.'sut the you in -- role? guest: the u.n. has been criticized, that it is taking the side of the syrian

unfair andand it is unjust humanitarian roles they are enforcing on aid groups. are not there. it is a difficult situation and the alternative for the u.n. would be not to work in country at all. even only 1% of aid is going to the people who really need it in opposition areas. drop toleft, it would 0%. a tough decision to be in. anchorage,g on to alaska. good morning to you. hello, anchorage, are you there? caller: hello? i enjoy your program quite a lot. i just wanted to say that. it is a terrible, terrible emotional situation over there. it seems -- i do not know the

area because i'm not traveled over there. dilapidateds are so and they keep bombing and the bombing. i do not understand the purpose of it. and doing horrific things to the children and the pilot, it is shocking. and to think, it was originally religious, and now it is totally out of hand. it is an independent country. i do not know why we were interested in toppling the government. host: thank you. bit,: to explain it little i know we see all of these horrible images out of syria. what it comes down to is collective punishment. all of these civilians, all of these children are being broken apart to get at one enemy, the government. by calling everybody a terrorist

and calling a little baby a terrorist, you are stripping them of any right they have to their own lives pretty it is dehumanizing them and a way that people who support the government and the government allies can justify what they are doing. of this anddo all how can you justify it on an international stage? the syrian government has been able to justify time and time again that their reasons are inhumane. they are dehumanizing the entire population. that is really what our goal is now to tackle that thinking there really bring that thinking into light and show what the consequences are. -- a on twitter, tony asks question about journalism in syria. how can anybody be sure we are getting the true story out of syria? very good, that is a question. the syrian conflict is different than any other conflict we have

covered in that it is almost all online. at the beginning, almost each little town that started in the uprising had is on facebook page , social media, journalists and activists working to get information out. that has become even more important since 2013 when attacks against journalists reached such an hide that now -- now, thegh that majority of journalists are doing so from outside countries. we have developed our own ways of doing this. is a new way of reporting. ofof developed our own ways talking to sources and using social media in a way that is , butfor the people inside that we can make sure what we are understanding is true and what we're seeing is accurate. the biggest problem we see here is when we get opposing government statements or

officials' statements which make a harder when one person is saying nothing is happening at the other is saying all of this is happening. what you do it what we have been trying to do is put it all together along with pictures so we can kind of see the whole rebound ourselves and the reader or viewer is able to get a full picture. host: for another call before we wrap up. democratic line. caller: hi. i would like to start out by saying, i do not think we all or should be the world police. the moment we start assuming that, that's a moment we have to question, who do we want to police? invade?e want to i do not agree with that. i have heard people saying there are trusted these in syria and while that is true, nobody in that region has a moral high ground. if you look at things, places

like saudi arabia and qatar, there are committed some pretty -- they'reights violating human rights with slavery and was africa. -- in west africa. women are said class citizens. they have no problems at we're not doing anything about that. we are so focused on syria. isolate were hypocrites if we go down that road. guest: that is a valid point. i am not arguing and i will not argue for the u.s. to be the world police. what i do think we need and what the u.s. should be at the forefront is making sure each of these foreign policies involved, each group involved has civilian protection as their number one priority. right now, nobody does. that does not mean just because everybody around might be that is that nothing should be done

to help the people. host: our guest has been alessandria masi who was managing editor for syria deeply . newssn go to yriadeeply.com. we thank you for your time and your reporting and taking calls from our viewers. you are appreciated. guest: thank you for having to be. host: and thank you to our collars. we will be back tomorrow 7:00 eastern with a new edition of "washington journal." have a great rest of your friday.

>> a live look at trump tower lobby in new york city, as donald trump continues to meet with candidates for potential cabinet positions and senior-level leadership positions. late yesterday, the president-elect put out a statement nominating attorney david friedman to be u.s. ambassador to israel, saying the bond between israel and united states runs deep and i will ensure there is no daylight between us when i am president. his strong relationships and israel will found a diplomatic mission and be a tremendous asset to our country as we strengthen ties with our allies and strive for peace in the middle east. nothing is more critical than protecting the security of our citizens, at home and abroad. well, donald trump and mike pence will continue their thank you true today in orlando, florida. we will be covering the rally, which begins live at 7:00 eastern time.