particular senate committee, or a tag for a policy. the left side is very valuable for narrowing down. >> search click and play on the c-span video library on www.c-span.org. last year the national highway traffic safety administration announced guidelines for a thomas vehicles . after that, a panel for driverless vehicle technology consultants talked about driverless, shared electric vehicles and the future of transportation. this is about one hour. >> good evening and welcome to tonight's meeting about the commonwealth club of california. you and me are in

the know. the commonwealth club youtube channel. i am the ceo and your moderator for tonight's program, but taunautonomous vehiclest and the future of transport. we meet the needs of the innovative technology sector. cy, i workedholo for a fortune 500 semi conductor committee. that was chosen to establish the technology network, a national tech focused public policy organization. this evening i am going to be honored to introduce such a wonderful panel. and once i introduced the panel we are going to review the definition of what an autonomous vehicle is.

and then each panelist will have three to five minutes to talk about their vision. following the panelist q&a,ngs, we will have including audience questions written on the cards. so, with that, i would like to introduce emily caster. she has been on the forefront of ridesharing policy since the birth of the industry. that is a long time. [laughter] >> in dog years mabye. she leads lyft's work to integrate shared mobility. emily believes lyft is a critical tool to transparent transportation -- tool to expand

transportation. she is on the sharing economy advisory network and on the leadership council of the national center of sustainable transportation, among many other board positions. i also had the opportunity to ask each board member panelist a fun fact about them. emily's is that she has a hidden talent for sing the alphabet backwards very fast. we might have you do that at the end of this program. she is also addicted to ice cream and can recommend at least five ice cream jobs here in san francisco. ice cream bar, mit chells, mr. and mrs. miscellaneous, and smitten. lyft.we can all take a thenext panelist is claire, cofounder and director of software engineering at auto,

which was recently purchased by uber. she brings 12 years of experience in robotics to the team. after graduating from epsi in france claire worked on a autonomous vehicle for stanford research institute. she is a founder of several robotics companies, including robotics valley. most recently, she worked as a software engineer for google, where she led several innovative robotic projects. i can only imagine what that was like. fun fact about claire. when she was younger she was choosing between pursuing veterinary sciences and computer science and despite her love of nature, she chose computer science and thankfully, because we have a robotics project today. so, welcome. >> thank you.

>> our next panelist, no stranger to the autonomous vehicle world is lauren, the manager of sustainable transportation at wsp, a professional services transfer transportation firm. in 2015, she was awarded the developingowship for a guide titled, "driving toward forerless," a guide government agencies. in addition, lauren maintains the blog "driving towards driverless." that has got to be a full-time job. she has consulted on this topic in more than 30 industries. she has been published in

"forbes," the "new york times," to name a couple. our two engineers at the center of the panel. and the fun fact about lorna is just got married a few weeks ago. she was on a mission to the a driverless vehicle at her wedding. emily was recently engaged. i think you will have to do the same. despite having multiple companies, and people working hard to make it happen, i think she might have been just a little early. a couple of companies have promised her a driverless vehicle at her one-year anniversary celebration. and our final panelist introduction is lindsay willis, the director of external affairs

at contracosta transportation authority. she is responsible for directing communications, advocacy, and community engagement efforts. her leadership has produced award-winning public engagements , programs and international recognition for the innovative utilization of technology. if you have not been on the transportation authority website, i recommend it. the technology is just amazing that lindsay has put together. lindsay has been responsible for increasing brand awareness for all of the 1.3 billion in local transportation projects and programs, including establishing the brand and directing the launch of go momentum station in concord, california. it has got to be an amazing place to sit and watch.

some people watch airplanes, i think you could just watch autonomous vehicles. lindsay spent nine years leading marketing and communication initiatives and developing strategic partnerships for the capitol corridor joint powers authority. fun fact about lindsay. her first introduction to transportation, other than sharing the backseat of a station wagon with her three sisters -- had to have been exciting -- was when she california from to vancouver for the 1986 world fair. many years later, her first job was at the capitol corridor train service, here in california. those are our panelists. ok, so what is an autonomous vehicle? it has other names, such as driverless vehicle, self driving vehicle, highly automated vehicle, which is a new term we

have seen from the federal government, or robotic car. do you think of johnny cab in " recall," featuring arnold schwarzenegger, when you hear a autonomous vehicle? it is a car capable of sensing its environment and navigating without human interaction. autonomous cars can detect their surroundings using a variety of techniques, such as radar, sensors, and communication networks. now i would like to go down the line, starting with emily, and if you could paint a picture of how you would see the future looking like? >> i am really excited to be here and share a little bit about lyft's vision i think it is easy to imagine an entry point because ridesharing as already started to lay the groundwork for what that will look like, this transition in mobility behavior we're starting

to see coming down in the next few years. if you think about it, it is the beginning of a major transition away from the relationship with vehicles being one of ownership toward a relationship of transportation as a service. so, lyft has taught people to have that kind of relationship over the last few years. we have rolled out on demand mobility through a digital interface, giving people the ability to tap a button. there is not such a huge difference between that behavior and the behavior between tapping a button on your phone and having an autonomous vehicle show up. you are not driving it or owning it, just accessing it when you need it. we are excited that the network we have built has laid the groundwork for what can later be layered on top as autonomous technology becomes available. our founders spoke recently and published his thoughts recently about what we see as this coming third transportation revolution.

development of trains and canals that facilitated interstate commerce and led to the developing a big cities. the second, the one we are living in now, the automobile, interstate highways that cut up our cities and changed the relationship to the urban environment. what we are experiencing now is an opportunity to reclaim the urban vitality we have lost to restructure our environment so it is no longer structured around car ownership and can take that faith, devoted to more productive uses. if you think about the san francisco streets, which are so wonderful in restoring common small taste of a what we expect to be able to enjoy as urban dwellers in the future as the need for parking is eliminated, the need for

car ownership is eliminated and we can reclaim that urban space and use it for housing and green space. this can be e accomplished. havel this first come into the market? a new mode available on top of the existing platform. it will not be an abrupt transition. it can be gradual. in environmes where this is something we can test successfully there could be core routes,rs, fixed that have been successfully mapped, to make sure they are appropriate. and to generate consumer acceptance. and then we would gradually expanded broadly to the point where ultimately, it will be available anywhere, and do so in a way that you would associate with what you experience with number is coming online. first you have that slow data

connection and overtime when 3g and 4g became available, it just dropped onto your phone. those networks or something you could automatically tap into. this is something we are really excited to see the potential, frankly, of democratizing access to our platform happened very quickly as the cost of a lyft ride comes down. i will leave it with that. >> all right. so, why don't i start talking of cars.cks instead what is it? it is basically like the old tech we know. laser,cause we see with we see with cameras, we see the word gps.

with all this information, it knows where it is and the surrounding environment. so, this is the kind of thing that we actually, in the cars. this is why uber decided to acquire auto, to transfer the technology. spaceushes the automotive forward. potentialis a lot of . d, it is not necessarily like the car we can imagine without the drivers. -- thereready started is a current car that we already have autonomous technologies. we call them aid assistance to driving.

we are accumulating little by little technology that is essential. so, it is like a gradual process. this is going to take time, and there are many things that have to of all around the vehicle. like, when you think about the word, it is designed for humans. everything we see is designed for humans, like stop signs, the lights, the pedestrian walkways. aerything was designed for human to interact with the environment. but moving forward, if we really want to make autonomous vehicles and mass market autonomous vehicles, we will have to change regularly, to adapt it to make it more meshing friendly, so the robot can understand the environment easier.

so, that would be the technical aspect. i talked a lot about social impacts and i will let the panelists give their point of view. >> thank you. i come at this from a different angle. i work where a piece of what we do is consulting for government agencies, advising them on transportation and infrastructure progress. i have been in this my entire career. two-and-a-half years ago i started reading about driverless vehicles. what was very clear at the time is that the technology was advancing very quickly, but our clients, the government agencies , were not very aware of that technology. if you look at the headlines from back then it was all about who is putting the most test miles on the road and what technology is out there. there is almost nothing about what the government was doing. about that time is when i started my research about

what the government could do to plan for driverless vehicles. fast forward to where we are today, the federal government has been very involved. i just alluded to the federal policy. i have been focused on what the local and state governments can do partly because we can see this technology on the streets now and if you look at our government agencies, short and long-range plans, five-year plans to 40 to 50 year plans, 40% of them do not acknowledge that driverless vehicles are coming. when you think about the impact that that could have on society, both positive and negative, there are many that will be really symbiotic with government's goals, improved safety and better mobility for elderly and disabled people, but there are also some risks. it is important that government agencies start to become aware of what these are. for example, if we have a society where if lyft and uber do not end up with these shared

fleets, and if we see a society like today where we have a lot of single occupancy vehicle trips, and then driverless vehicles present zero occupancy trips being allowed, we have a huge increase in vehicle miles being traveled. i'm one of the biggest fans of driverless vehicles and i cannot wait to see them proliferate, but i think the government has a very important role to play in terms of managing the benefits, making sure we reap the benefits, but also mitigating the risks. >> when i first met lauren, her question to me was, why is the counting government agency involved in driverless vehicles? i wanted to give you a little background for those of you who don't know who the contracosta transportation authority is. taxin 1988, voters chose to

themselves with the sales tax to pay for transportation. our agency is the agency that plans, funds, and delivers those transportation improvements. in california, there are actually 20 counties that tax themselves through sales tax to help pay for transportation. the bay area is filled with them. san francisco is one of them and they play a critical part in keeping california -- they invest about $3 billion a year into california's transportation system and infrastructure. and so, how that rolls out, fast-forward to 2004, that 1988 measure was about to expire. we went back out to voters to ask them again to decide to renew that sales tax for another 25 years and you might be able to choose people to tax themselves once, but if you are not delivering on their promises, they will not give you another chance. and i'm proud to say that 71% of

voters chose to continue that sales tax to continue to fund transportation improvements. so, our job is to make those happen and in addition to that, part of our responsibilities involve being the congestion management agency for the counties. we are in charge of finding ways to mitigate traffic and we are the long-range transportation planning agency for the county. we are a staff of only 20 people. those last two responsibilities really led to our interest in autonomous vehicles. not many agencies look forward as they develop their long-range plans. the tendency is to take today's technology and iembed it into a plan for the next 20 years. the iphone is less than tenure sold and that has revolutionized how we work, travel, and communicate.

it seemed foolish to just assume that technology would remain static. it is changing so quickly. we decided we needed to pay close attention to what was happening in the technology and transportation space so that as we build our long-range plans, we can be prepared and responsive to the new technology that is coming online, instead of being reactive. as part of that effort, we held cofound go momentum station in concord, california, the largest autonomous vehicle test facility. that is a partnership where auto manufacturers can come and tested their vehicles and their technology in the secure location that is not a city street, test out technology upgrades. because it is a former navy location, it is a mini city. it is a really great place to reenact scenarios that take

place in the real world in a really unique setting. what it does for us as a government agency is it gives us the ability to talk with the folks testing, see what they are testing, look at the technology and figure out, what do we need to be looking at to upgrade our infrastructure to make sure the cars can operate safely. >> terrific. that sets the stage for the viewpoints. i know we have talked a lot about autonomous cars and trucks. why don't we talk about, what are the benefits? i would like to ask, what kind of negative aspects are there? lauren, what are the benefits to a city for autonomous vehicles? >> there are quite a few. the biggest one, and from a government perspective, it is

safety. but this is what the automakers and technology developers site first and foremost. today 90% of the accidents are distractedn error, driving, drunk driving, speeding. in theory, if we eliminate the humans from the driving equation, we eliminate 90% of the accidents. that is huge. i mentioned additional mobility for elderly and disabled use. that is really exciting. another is a rethinking of our land use. driverless vehicles will create the potential for either reducing the parking requirements were relocating them. if we have more of a shared use society where people are not purchasing as many vehicles, and they are sharing them, we potentially could reduce the land dedicated for parking and in cities, that can be 15% to 20%. try to reimagine san francisco

streets without that dedicated land. you can see how the potential for adding bike lanes, more restaurant space, that is my utopian perspective. on the other side of it, even if we have my nightmare perspective of more people owning vehicles, it still could result in relocating parking spaces, where these vehicles could bring people to their work in the morning, and then the vehicle parks itself in a remote parking lot 15 miles outside of the city, which is amazing from a land use perspective, but terrible from a congestion, travel time and reliability perspective. another piece is the ability to have improved acceleration and deceleration. vehicles in theory, will be able to drive more closely together. slew more, but hopefully that gives a flavor. >> emily, what are some of the

negatives, some of the aspects where it might not be as positive, and where technology could improve that? >> really, if you talk to a lot of the experts, people are seeing that the fulcrum is whether these are shared vehicles are owned vehicles. people are pointing to that very correctly. if you think about it, most of the ills of private ownership and the unsustainable transportation system and its land-use impacts that we have today comes from the fact that vehicles are so poorly utilized. there is idle 94% of the time.

they are 20% occupied when in motion. it is an underutilized acid that we are paying to store and using precious land to store. you think about sort of how that has been telegraphed into an autonomous vehicle world, it is probably something magnified when you go the ownership root and every owns their own autonomous vehicle. maybe not with respect to parking. certainly in respect to miles traveled. it would be magnified if equity of the rom. if you look on the shared side of the equation, it is very fascinating from a couple different research groups looking at a national laboratory. they put out the simulation study finding that shared electric autonomous vehicles using a platform that dispatches them on demand could actually reduce greenhouse gas emissions by over 90%. if all of the vehicles adopted electric powertrains and we certainly expect that on our platform, that could eliminate petroleum consumption 100% in our transportation system. these may sound like pollyanna, unbelievable expectations.

i mean, lawrence berkeley national laboratory is certainly not a lightweight. there was another report that just came out with very similar conclusions from the rocky mountain institute. an energy think tank found them -- enormous responsibilities. including the expenditure of cost for operating vehicles. there is a really good economic argument for why it will happen that way and why we should leave the fact that urban car ownership's days are numbered. if people are comparing in their household budget the cost of owning a car with that lease, with a car payment, insurance costs, parking in an urban environment, and then comparing it to greatly reduced costs of transportation as a service, walking, biking, on-demand autonomous transit. that package on the shared side

is going to be much cheaper than what the cost of car ownership is. it will be a much more dramatic difference. that is what will precipitate a shift a way from car ownership. it will bring benefits rather than being the potential negatives in the public realm. >> i totally agree. i think it is important to point out the distinction between autonomous technology and electric technology. they are entirely separate. the benefits if we go entirely electric for autonomous are huge. not all the auto manufacturers that are developing our electric, so it is not an assumed thing. i think it is wonderful that lyft is. >> i think the majority of them are. i want to comment briefly on why

that might be the case. people may have heard why financially, but the cost of operation of vehicles over the life of that car is much lower with electric vehicles, at least at the current cost of electricity versus petroleum. it makes financial sense as long as operationally there is sufficient access to charging infrastructure. that is something policymakers should be paying attention to. there is a strong business case, especially with the new battery technology that is advancing. >> that was one of our audience questions was the impact of electric and what the future would look like. i want to give an opportunity to talk about the benefits for trucks. >> right now in the u.s., we have a shortage of drivers, just because it is a very painful job.

you have to be alone on the road for long hours and for a very long time. one benefit of autonomous technology is that basically, i would say it won't happen just tomorrow. it will be gradual. the first step will be like the plane. the pilot is here to do the landing and takeoff. during the flight, the plane is driving autonomously. the pilot can do other stuff. and basically like have this time to do something else. same thing for driving. when you look at the highway and see all the cars going by it is

like a trainer railroads the truck driver would just bring the truck to the entrance of the highway and it would drive by itself until it reaches the destination. thistruck can do autonomously, the driver will have a lot of time to do else in the meantime -- read a book, watch tv, learn something new. >> drink a beer. [laughter] >> the truck driver -- trying to keep focused long hours without anything changing at a landscape or anything else happening. that could have a tremendous

the moment we release the driver, we can actually -- most of the fleet in the u.s. which are owner operator, these people could spend all this time in the truck to do something else. spent time with the family. it could be a completely different long-term. it's hard to give an idea. we worked very hard with the government and are very safe. we can guarantee they reach like 99.9999% without problem. highway would be very safe. safe for av. in that case, it would probably mean that we do not have to have a driver anymore in this

particular area. we can just let the truck go by itself. then we will use uber to take the trucks out of the highway. one of the reasons we have big trucks is because we don't have a lot of, like, drivers. we want to make sure that we put everything in a single convoy. we will minimize the number of drivers. the moment you do not have a driver, it means that you can get smaller trucks and able to do more power efficient. you can also rethink the logistics.

you can be smart. [indiscernible] claire: when you start digging around this efficiency and you start with autonomous vehicle. how goods are transferred from one point to another you can see audio -- even see autonomous vehicles would be more efficient in the future. how efficient good transportation can be in the future. i think it is more than a passenger. [indiscernible] you like driving your cars. when you have a nice car, don't you like driving. like on the highway?

it's a pleasure, right? it is linked everywhere into our economy. every detail was brought by a truck. when you think that you can make this more efficient, that implication is tremendous. [indiscernible] >> i think right after safety, efficiency is something that transportation professionals really have to look at. the efficiency of the whole system, not just passenger vehicles. that is how you move freight. that is how you move transit. i think one of the big promises for autonomous vehicles is that

you can move more things, more people, more cars, more kids -- more goods through the system more safely and faster. if you have ever been stuck on a i-80 in bumper-to-bumper traffic, if your car could take over and drive itself autonomously, if they could follow a safe distance behind of it that isnt might beer than you do, you can get more cars through that stretch of freeway faster and smoother. that is something we are very interested in looking at. the current highway capacity when you build a freeway and an urban area has to take 2400 cars per lane per hour. think about how much more efficiently that system would operate if you could bump that up by an extra 1000 cars per lane per hour. you smooth out the entire system and make it much more efficient for everyone trying to get where they want to go. >> i would like to remind our radio audience that this is the commonwealth club of california and we are talking about

autonomous vehicles and the future of transport. we have emily castor, lizzie willis, lauren isaac, and claire delonghi from otto. our programs are on radio, and you can see our videos on youtube. you can also see us on our website and on facebook and twitter. we've got it all. i am the ceo of techolicy and the moderator for today's program. we have a number audience questions about jobs. in particular, you may recall that james hynes says connected vehicles will continue to generate new products and service, innovations and create new companies, and will enable a new value proposition. products and new service, innovations and create new companies, and will enable a new value proposition. we hear that a lot, but have several lessons about will

drivers who drive for lyft or other companies be able to drive? and what is the risk if this technology creates unemployment? >> this is a great question. we really approach this seriously at lyft. we differentiate ourselves in the market as a company that cares more about our drivers. we have invested in great relationships with our drivers because we believe that translates into a passenger experience. that is the core of what we offer. we want to be transparent. this isnd of the day, something that is coming to our society. i think it is incumbent upon any entity that is working in the transportation today whether it is private transport or automotive companies, to be the netflix in the situation rather than the blockbuster. we have to remain relevant and

capable of making an impact. said, it is not going to be an abrupt and immediate transition away. it is important to understand how people participate in lyft driving. the vast majority of people are doing it on a very part-time basis. 85% of them are doing it fewer than 15 hours a week. even those folks who are doing it on a more full-time basis, they aren't necessarily doing it for a long period of time. it is a rather transient population. they say they need extra income, they are in a life transition, they need flexibility. that is why they came to us in the first place. our driving is not structured with the rigidity and permanence of a traditional job. of time forot people to absorb this transition that is coming. however, we expect that in the

near term, the demand for lyft drivers will increase as automation rolls out. that sounds counterintuitive. the reason why is because of what i described earlier -- the fact that there will be an explosion in the market size of these businesses like ours who are offering this service. all of a sudden, it will become so much more affordable that people will be able to use it much more often. they will look at that calculation about what they want to own a car anymore. or are going to start saying no, they do not want to own a car. they're going to use lyft more. that, sometimes we will get an automated left because that is where it is available. the market size is going to grow in the near term. asimately it will taper off the technology becomes more capable and available in a greater variety of geographical areas. that will be a transition that is transparent. career i live in, as

well as science and technology , there is a huge increase in individuals who are being contacted by companies to go into a learning how to do coding or software or engineering, so there is a whole companies that can describe what the positions are, but a whole host of companies looking for new opportunities to train individuals for new jobs. i would like to pass it on. think one of the places where we hear a lot of concern about the coming of automation is in the transit world. there are quite a few folks employed as the bus driver, your parched driver, the folks who get you where you need to go. they are worried about what this need -- what this means for them.

we have to give them the confidence. earlier on, the state has some climate goals. we're trying to achieve, and one thing is to encourage people to travel together to reduce greenhouse gases. one of the things we have been working hard on is to encourage people to potentially use autonomous vehicles to get themselves to transit. these are great solutions for that first and last mile trip. how may times have you driven your car to try to park and you are circling encircling and nobody is leaving and there is no spot and you end up driving to your ultimate destination? if you could get a shared ride to that particular location, then maybe you would be more inclined to use public transit. it would take out the aggravation of trying to find parking. when you think about autonomous vehicles and shared autonomous vehicles, these are going to be large fleet that will need to be maintained.

they will need to be monitored. those are jobs that are still going to have to be done by someone. with transit experience. there could be some opportunity to kind of read train some of the existing workforce to take on some of the new duties. ito think transit as we know is really going to benefit from autonomous vehicles. i think a lot of the first trips you're going to start to see will be short trips to and from transit stations or to and from schools and business centers. we have to take your mother to the hairdresser and you don't want to driver, you can put her in the car and let her do it herself. your have to have a conversation with your sister about who is going to drive grandmother to the senior center. you are going to see those short trips happen first. claire may be giving us a run

for our money with long-term freight hauling. is going to be gradual. happeningon't see it just tomorrow. i know it is exciting technology. there is a lot that has to be solved. that is a good mayor to the panel may have today. about companies who are .perating with consumers, otto was targeting a very dedicated problem. is a lot of issues in the future that we need to plan and think about. it is such a huge problem.

it touches a lot of aspects of the way we live life in cities. think for all these reasons to make it right and to make in the right way, it will take a lot of time. i think it is a lot of opportunity for a lot of these graduating andy allrained and learning over these jobs that are around autonomous vehicles and what it means to get them all the time. .t would have to be created we will still need places to recharge the cars.

the four seat cars, it is good to take more space. fleet that has to be correlated together. threatening right now, but most the time when things evolved slowly, if we -- things happen slowly and gradually. are other areas of interest. just because -- of a car drives better than me, i'm going to be bored anyway. it is not very fun. remember the stock market.

at the beginning, it was super exciting to sell stock and to be like a traitor. -- to be like a trader. then algorithms became more efficient than people. at some point, when you compare the algorithm and yourself and you see an outgrowth of his see someoneyou, you removes the fun of it. you cannot compete with an algorithm. it doesn't care anyway. >> it is a little bit different on the equity impact. the labor question is not the only equity question. another one is about mobility access. that is what i think is one of the most exciting benefits that can come from this. it is definitely also hinging on shared versus owned as model of how this rolls out.

transportation is a huge economic barrier in our country, especially with the rio urbanization we have seen in major cities. -- of housingving is going up. there has been this urbanization of property and has pushed people out to the areas that have been least well served by transit and giving them a huge problem for the most vulnerable population. people have these super commutes trying to piece tother bus routesn areas ere its not efficient to operate us is. point-to-point transportation saves people hours and travel time per day. these are families who cannot necessarily have a $9,000 a year cost of owning a car. it connects with the affordable enough that it could be something that is accessible for those folks, and actually making it possible for more people to benefit from this technology who would not necessarily be able to buy autonomous cars.

there are all kinds of technological pathways that can be established even when people don't have bank accounts or smartphones. these are things you already working with in our public-private partnerships very -- partnerships. we can look at all this in terms of technological advancement, but there is also a real impact on people's lives. it is an excellent opportunity to discuss that. >> it really is the opportunity for shared mobility that will impact equity. i was agreeing with everything everybody said. i completely agree this is not going to happen overnight. i also agree there will be job loss that comes from this -- thiswledge he has

technology. at the same time, there will be job opportunities created. i think things like stem, getting more of the younger generation going through college and getting educated in the right yields. things like data science, that is such a rich field. all of this technology will create a tremendous amount of data. from the government's perspective, the government once the data. -- wants the data. they also need to be able to do something with it. you need to have the right skill sets available. there is a transformation that is going to happen with the the jobeeded, and as loss happens, there will be just as many retraining opportunities. we are seeing it right now amongst the automakers. are saying the companies buying out each other and establishing partnerships very -- partnerships.

part of it is because they want the talent in the other companies. there is such a dearth for talent in this field. andre going to see more more people getting into the right field. as community colleges and colleges keep up with technology and company requirements, we will see that many more jobs created in this space. the hacking has been at the news. there is a fear that cars could be hacked. that has come up a number of different times in each of your industries. something that you get a lot of questions? >> it certainly is something we have to because is about. i think claire is probably smarter than i am on cyber security with her engineering background. clearly that has to be a top priority. if you think about it there is an increasing integration within the different technologies

deployed in this. you have an automaker manufacturing a vehicle, you have the self driving system, you have the consumer network. all of these are participating at some level with the operation of that service. alle needs to be focused on those different levels to ensure there is security. i think security would be yourprecaution for computer or phone or car or any piece of technology. the search for a way to protect ourselves from hacking, i do not think there is a amazing ways to do incredible hacking. most of the time if your car gets hacked, it is just not

going to start. it will sit there on the sidewalk and not start. it is very inconvenient. people will probably have a solution for that and take your car somewhere to fix it. like any other piece of technology, there is ways to ensure that the technology is safe. a matter ofs just anding with government cities to make sure to define what is unacceptable behavior and if you have a problem with the car or a sensor or something like that, where can you pull on the side? can a car pull all of medically do this -- carpool automatically do this? going into a lot computer science. that is a whole other career

field that is rife with opportunity. >> i don't have too much to say on this. the one positive is that this is very much on the radar of not just the federal government, but every technology developer in this day. it is an issue on all sides. no one wants to see a cyber security issue. at the federal government level, they put up policy guidance that was really exciting and covered a lot more than just cyber security. they became precedent-setting by putting out guidance around driverless vehicles about a week ago. cyber security is one thing that is addressed. it is not in the level of detail -- first of all, i don't think anybody would want to know the level of detail -- but it does start to address it. what we seeing is coalitions form amongst competing technology developers that are trying to address this as an industry.

it is very much at the forefront of the autonomous vehicle discussion nationally. one of the ways that the new regulations, there have also been some in california as recently as a few days ago. will federal law preempt state law? is that a discussion that is still in the works? what is happening? statehink everyone from to automatic factors are all really excited to see the federal regulations come out. up until this point, different states, even down to different jurisdictions, were putting into place their own laws and their own way of thinking about how autonomous vehicles can operate on their roadways. at a long-term to see a situation where if you are driving your car from california to nevada and nevada

has different rules from california, you do not want your car to just stop at the state line because nevada does not allow it. i think it is wonderful to see federal regulations. it is the framework for how states should be thinking about putting into place policies. california's policies very much hopefully follow the federal guidelines. i think a lot of states will follow those guidelines. as a model policy for states to consider adopting or for basing their future policies on to encourage there to be some sort of level playing field or platform across the united states so that on a manufacturer is in different technology companies do not have to do something different for every single state or every single jurisdiction. so far, i think people are really happy and i think it remains to be seen how they get rolled out -- rolled out.

they're letting everyone read them and taking, and on them. they have a workshop on their proposed policy and a couple of weeks. i really think that in terms of the state versus federal, the state will choose to follow the federal guidelines more closely. i would hate for the cars to stop at the border. we have had so many wonderful questions. the one that keeps coming is will and autonomous vehicle or truck have a steering will -- steering wheel? >> as of one week ago, california was for wiring that driverless vehicles have a steering wheel. it was actually very controversial.

they had stern will breaks and licensed -- a steering wheel, brakes and a licensed driver behind the wheel. they had stern willthis is somey has watched very closely. it was controversial and had white of the groups, technology developers come out opposed to it. it was in theory limiting the development of the technology. really not allowing some of the communities that would then of it most greatly to reap those benefits. now, one week later, federal policy is out. california has changed their guidelines. have eliminated the need for steering wheels. a very relevant question. >> any other comments? >> the benefits i described of bringing down the cost for service will not come if they are not fully driverless vehicles. that is our focus. we want a vehicle that is fully capable of that.

the design of the hardware, that is one of the most exciting rings is the opportunity to reimagine what this experience is like. having it be a hospitality experience, a service you can have. even customization depending on who you are or what you need or even what experience you want in that moment. that is where you will see some of the brand differentiation,. people talk about how automakers are going to be commoditized and will lose that rant relationship that they have now with the customer. there will be an intermediary of the network like lyft that has a relationship with the customer. there are new opportunities for creating consumer value and differentiation in that market. >> we are excited to see it. we also have a number of questions of, should i buy a new

car soon? could you talk about time frames? >> don't buy a car. i'm pretty sure you agree with me. much every automak and technology director is prosing a fully driverless vehicle in frame with22 time the exception being porsche, because they believe people like to drive their vehicles. >> i would like to drive a porsche. [laughter] there are countless forecasts out there of when we will see the proliferation of driverless vehicles, but if i was going to generalize it i would say about 30% proliferation in the 2030

timeframe. should you buy a car now? it is the same question, should cities build parking garages? it is unique to people situations. what is exciting is we are seeing more and more mobility options coming out, especially in urban areas you'd i think we're seeing even more in suburban areas, as well. we have reduced the need for car ownership and you at all of these other options. carpooling, right sharing, and all of the technology that supports it. that tell you how to leverage a combination of them. the more we can reduce car ownership now and encourage people to really do right sharing behavior today, it will be that much more important when we have driverless cars on the roadways. -- in syria, we all

want to have a driverless vehicle. it is like having a personal chauffeur. maker and a tv, and why would i go on a shared vehicle? but that is a scary thing for our society, if everybody had a vehicle like that. so i think it is important that we wrap our heads around this shared vehicle mentality. >> i'm going to take a little bit of an opposite view. we barely agree. [laughter] i would say, i agree, i would say most of the major car companies have said they could put an autonomous vehicle for sale in the next five years. i think what we have to think about is the regulations and the

policy that govern being able to use that are not going to move that quickly. as much as we want to see them knowrow, as much as we there are tremendous benefits, government does not work -- move as fast as the private sector and i don't see that changing anytime in the next year or two in order for everything to catch up and you can buy in autonomous vehicle. hasou live in a county that rural areas or are car dependent, my advice is to buy a new car because they're getting smarter and smarter every year. as clear mention, your car can do things for you. it can autonomously forward break, a can park itself, a can keep you in your lane. some of the new cars can even tell if you are to get sleepy and alert you that you need to pull over. we are putting things in place to get those cars to become

are manys, and there being manufactured that could drive themselves, but regulations are not ready. >> we have so many more questions thomas so clearly we need a series of panels on autonomous vehicles. where at the point where there is time for just one last question. do you have ice -- advice to give to presidential candidates about of thomas vehicles? -- autonomous vehicles? it is super exciting what technology is presenting to us today, and i think it will ideas andas potential, but it is important for government at all levels to be involved soeave funding, policy, supportive regulations, nothing that slows

it down and yet maintains the safety of our traveling public. fundwould say, transportation to its fullest and all forms, including autonomous vehicles. research, because that is how we are going to get to the scenario you can ride in and a taunus vehicle. there has to be -- a taunus vehicle. there s to be enough research for everyone to feel safe. it is going to be a new class of vehicle. it is not going to be like anything we know right now. the private sector cannot do it alone. everybody has to be on board, private and government. >> i would say, the most important thing government can do is focus on performance-based

policies. because it is very hard to prescribe the how, the mechanism of something you don't understand and have not experienced before. i think the best thing you can do is to let the private sector innovate on the way to get to the desired holocene outcome, of safety, mobility, performance. and make sure objectives are met while allowing innovation to flourish >. >> i would like to thank our panelists. thank you very much. claire, lawrence, lindsay. thank you all for your participation. i would like to think the audience for your participation

the new congress starts today. we are from the u.s. capitol a.m. eastern.00 the house gavels in at 7:00 a.m. for thend vote on rules new congress. e