>> c-span's "washington journal" with news and issues that impact you.

>> this weekend on c-span's book tv. rancho mirage, california, our coverage starts at 1:30. >> diseases are nouns. you are als i'mering, one doesn't get cancer. >> former senator, bash rar boxer. >> resign, resign. it's the whole thing. all i fried to do is find common ground. >> and life and politics in florida and the enfirmente and lawrence whithe. >> i lisked a lot in the middle east and one lesson you learned is that things can always get

worst. or on subpoenaed, authors -- >> make a is of things that will make you happy. .> dr. gary small >> and if you can achieve brower brain health, you can remember about all those decisions you need to make every day to keep your brain healthy. national iscussion on security. watch this weekend on book tv. for the next hour, american history tv exclusive, our city's tour visits san diego, california. for five years now, we traveled across the u.s. to explore their iterary and historic sites and

isit it at c espn delrg.org. the wright k to brothers. and that wasn't the first airplane meaning that it didn't do much. flew 10 feet. something that could take off and land and do a 360-degree turn. as airplanes became more exeanl, there was an interest to get their own. and glen curtis and the proper gregs sold the first airplane to the navy right here in san diego in 1911. it is the birthplace and former navy fighter pilot, it oice part

of our mecca. . there were simply those innovators out there, glenn curtis being one of them, that wanted to take aviation to that next level. curtis wanted to come here because the navy was here. we had a significant foot print here. he was also one of those who relocated because he could do testing. he had the weather. things very friendly to aviation. time, the army was interested in airplanes. if you looked at some of the early aviators, they were with the army, not just with the navy. it was a little bit of

competition between the services. each one wanting to figure out the equation. how is his airplane going to help us? was not an aircraft you would fight on and off an aircraft carrier. it was ac plane. it was one to take off and land on the water. those earlyduring years, it was trying to figure out the application. , meaning thatramp would take you from the water to the land, which north island had many ramps because many of the navy airplanes were those kind. they would come up the wheels and they would taxi into the hangar bank. when you look at glen curtis and the a1 triad, it was a proof of concept. aviatorse train our

and start to build up that workforce? the unfortunate truth is that oftentimes, times of combat would bring phenomenal innovations in a very short window of time. world war ii was a prime example. when the war started, we were not as prepared. and we were not the only nation with all of those technologies that they would have at the end of the war. when you look at some of the early airplanes with their speed, agility, ability to take a hit and be shot at and not just blow up, and with fuel tank and all the technologies that would save our aviators and protect them, and realizing that we were expecting longer ranges. we were looking at the navy, the army air corps, and all of those technologies that meant so much.

if you look at an airplane like eight 4 u.s. air -- a4 u.s. air -- the old joke is why did have the gold weighing? -- why did it have the goal wing? it is one of those aerodynamic challenges that was very significant, but we achieved it. the hornet was a significant next step in aviation technology. coming about in the early 1980's, we started out with the af. we have different technologies inside the cockpit. all of these airplanes continue changing, continue improving. it is very, very important for

,s to display that blue angel and reminds us of how far we have come. when you come to the san diego air and space museum, from the first airplane that glenn curtis flew in 1911, and you get over to the first hornet in the 1980's, and you go, wow! our goal is to provide a linkage to the great history and the great future of air and space in our society, whether it be in the united states or internationally. >> we are standing on the edge of the flight deck of the uss midway.

midway has been a prominent tourist attraction since 2004 and be opened it. midway was built or in world war despite efforts to move reconstruction along, she just missed the end of the war by four weeks. midway from the start was intended to be a large ship. she was supposed to be a complete break from previous american carrier design because she was not impacted by naval arms trainees. the sky was the limit for the designers. the major reason for this was a what to put in an armored deck, but earlier carriers could not do it because of time restrictions. they wanted to have the protection of an on the deck, and still be large enough to mount large air groups that american doctrine favored. midway was deliberately designed to be large enough that the navy could have it armored deck and its large air group in the same ship.

midway today, because of various alterations, has slightly different dimensions, but her overall length is just over 1001 feet. at full load, she actually displays 70,000 tons of seawater. >> as newport news virginia, the largest worship in the world, then you may be aircraft carrier, uss midway could lieutenant george watches a midway sponsor christen the mighty carrier. [applause] when she was commissioned in 1945, she had an air group supporting 120 combat aircraft at a time when earlier curious were really pushing to get -- when earlier carriers are really pushing to get more. by the time of desert storm, she was operating in excess of 80 aircraft onboard. she also had a sizable

complement -- she has a ship board complement of approximately 3500 personnel. and you add another 1000 from the attached airwave and you got 4500 men packed onto a whole that was one of the most subdivided and cramped. even by 1945 standards. midway sailors got to be very salty and adapted to their unique circumstances. she was a brand-new ship of a very large and new design. then maybe put her through the paces even though the war had just concluded. numerous deployments to the mediterranean. in 1950 four, it was decided that she needed to transfer to the pacific. voyage, she made an epic because she was too large to pass through the panama now from the folk, virginia -- too large to pass through the panama canal from your folk, virginia.

she participated in covering the evacuation of some chinese islands in a dispute between the taiwanese and the communist chinese, and proceeded to the west coast of the united states to undergo the first of her many transformations to keep pace with the development and naval aviation. in this case, she got a deck installed and catapults to allow her to operate aircraft more effectively than she did with her original straight deck arrangement. after the rebuild, he made numerous deployments as part of the pacific fleet to the western pacific all the way until 1965 when she was at the beginning of the america's involved in with the vietnam war, and made one combat deployment in 1965. her first combat the plymouth occurred when she was already 20 years oh. -- when she was already 20 years old. things creditome

to her. she then made more deployments beginning in 1970 and was on hand for an early deployment in response to the 1972 invasion of south vietnam, otherwise known as eastern invasion, and was involved in a very hectic air campaign over north vietnam for the rest of 1972. in fact, midway also had the distinction of making the very last miss you down of the entire vietnam war in january 1973 just before -- the midway has the distinction of making the very first and very last miss you down of the entire conflict. at the same time, preparations were being made to have her based in japan. we never base to carrier in a foreign homeport before. began anthe midway

18 year deployment. .he war went on in 1975, north vietnamese forces are really making headway and saigon was about to fall. the midway was assigned a special mission to act as a special floating base for long-range and large air force helicopters to evacuate certain people from saigon before the communistic over. as it turned out, not only were those people evacuated, but it turned into an humanitarian rescue effort as many the enemy citizens were able to be shuttled aboard the midway another ships offshore and south vietnam. operation frequent wind is a major milestone in midway's history. what made this unique as well amongst other carriers was that

midway being based in a foreign port also had her own air wing criminally assigned. this is air wing five. most aircraft carriers operate with a different air group or air wing depending on the deployment. it just happens to be the ship that the air wing is operating from. had their wing five assigned in this paid dividends because the ship's company and the air wing got to know each -- and workrk and hand and glove. this worked well in operation desert storm in 2001. even though the midway had only one catapult as opposed to four, rateaintained a superior for launching's and attacks.

their wing five was the only one that did not suffer any losses to enemy action during the war. ,ith the cold war winding down it was decided to retire the midway early after 47 continuous years as a deploying aircraft carrier, which is a record in the 20th century. the midway handed over her duties to the uss independence in japan and made it back to san diego for her final decommissioning. she had her ceremony right across the channel where we are now in april of 1992. then she was put into storage for a number of years near seattle, washington. it is ironic that she has become a fixture in san diego, but she was never a san diego ship. the entire time, the midway was either based out of alameda located across the bay from san francisco, or in japan. it is a little odd that the

midway is making quite a mark in san diego and import where she was never assigned in her active-duty years. san diego has had a lot of difficulty in getting itself going as an established community compared to los angeles. it had everything to do with geography. we are completely cut off by a concentric ring of continuous mountains in the interior. san diego is basically a harbor that went nowhere. unfortunately, although try if they might, city boosters in those years trying to get railways passed through and find other ways of attracting federal another commercial investment in san diego, but nobody was biting. that all changed in 1907 when word got out that president roosevelt was taking the united states maybe, which was comprised of 16 battleships, and sending it on a world crews to

show american naval life and send a message to japan that we could send our forces anywhere we needed to. this was a golden opportunity for city boosters because it ofld allow an important part the federal government, the navy, to see what san diego had to offer because he only way they could see that this community had any future at all was to get the harbor dredged and make other improvements, but no private venture was interested. that meant getting the federal government involved, and that meant the navy. when they found out what the itinerary was and that the fleet bajaded to go right past and enter san francisco, they put on the pressure, including when the fleet was off baja's in a chartered boat with the mayor and other boosters to persuade the local commander to change his itinerary somewhat.

washington, got to and was enough to allow the commander to make the change. so, the great white fleet as it diegolled arrived in san waters, but because the harbor was not prepared, they had to anchor offshore of coronado. the city really turned out from the beginning to the mexican border all the way up to the harbor itself. the entire shoreline was just thronging with thousands of people waiting in greeting the fleet. the boats that carry the sailors and officers from the anchored battleships actually tied up at the neighboring broadly her right here and conducted a parade right up broadway to balboa park. the turnout amongst the city and the population was tremendous. over by was really bold the busiest of welcome that the

local population had to offer. more partly, they got to see the harbor and what san diego had to offer with their own eyes rather than having to listen to lobbyists in washington from faraway california. san diego differing made an indelible impression on the leaders. world events moved along -- the first world war broke out, and at the end of it in 1919, the german fleet settled itself in a british harbor north of scotland. so, all of a sudden, you no longer had a german fleet anymore at the end of world war i. that did not mean that we did not have other potential rivals. the japanese navy had also expanded remarkably during the wartime period. in 1920, the u.s. navy pulled up anchor and relocated on the east coast. as it turns out, los angeles had a lot more political pull in san diego had at this point.

the battleships cruisers and other large ships walled up in san pedro near long beach. that was where they were base until 1940. the good news for san diego, however, was that geography once again worked in her favor. north island is literally right on the water in the harbor area. los angeles still had all kinds of competing interests that the navy could not quite fit aviation into the greater los angeles area. as it turned out come aviation was becoming more and more of a concern for the fleet. san diego benefited in the long run by becoming the home of naval aviation for the u.s. navy during the time between the two 1923, the starting in uss langley was put into commission as america's first aircraft carrier. following of the year, she arrived in san diego and it was there that enable aviation really began being put into its paces and learned how to operate from an aircraft

carrier. for the entire stretch of the rest of the 1920's and 1930's, san diego was the center of maybey for all things aviation, especially the development of the aircraft carrier as a vital component of the fleet and the tactics that were used to win world war ii. san diego never had to look back and both of times of postwar conflict or in the base reductions that occurred in the 1990's. san diego during the base realignment and closure's had a net gain in basis at the expense of other communities at the time of retraction. because of this, san diego has been able to move forward and develop its own distinctive personality from los angeles because of the major military presents -- presence here. we still have the military being one of the pillars of the san diego economy.

>> we are standing in our gallery that tops about the border region in san diego to us and mexico. this is called the borderline that divides and it is a photography exhibit. the one and two drawn the resources we had. most of the photographs are from our collection, but we wanted to do something timely and relevant. the border issue is important. the busiest land border crossings, 29 million people crusted in 2014. despite that and the desire people have to cross the borders, lines are hours long and it is not a quicker easy thing to do. a treaty was signed in 1948 that laid out the process for

establishing the border. the process took several years. just under eight 2000 mile border -- 200 mile border. no planes, no cars to get around. really heavy surveying equipment going line by line across this desolate expanse trying to markup the border. at the time it was first gone, there was no established crossing. they had put in seven different monuments to demarcate the space that play mexico and the united states, but they had not considered building any infrastructure to monitor crossings that. you start to see that in response to the mexico revolution. that was a pretty violent situation. americans became fearful of that violence spilling over into their own country. you start to see people becoming more aware for the need to patrol the border. and on the mexican side, they became concerned about western

is moving into the region and the ease in which you could cross the border. in 1911, you see the border infrastructure build a little bit. a barb wire fence is one of the first structures that you saw in the beginning. see the beginning of the built up 1911, infrastructure increases even further in the 1920's as prohibition on the american side persisted. alcohol, gambling, racetracks and bullfighting all available south of the border and americans took it vantage of that. mexican's were coming north. you start to see the increase in infrastructure that needs to happen to cross the border. toldings are being created

check point people to cross this path forward to take a look at how people are crossing this border. in putting together the exhibit, we wanted to knowledge border crossings as a political tool. people constantly control who is crossing over and allowed to enter their country. we do have two maps to illustrate powerpoint. one talks about how the immigrants are moving into various countries in the world. people could see what segment of the population is elsewhere. the other is an historic map. it looks further back to the migrants coming into the u.s. and look at the percentage coming in you can see where people are coming in overtime. it is very widely based on different policies the u.s. has in place a given times. this has been a popular exhibit despite its small size. we found that people enjoy looking at historic photographs.

it makes a pretty strong impact for people to identify that location and feel a part of that story. we are densely hoping to spark a discussion and it is part of the recently included the maps we did indicate that immigration across boundaries and borders is still something that is very much a part of today's life and most country's situations. we have an activity asking people to consider a time where they have crossed the border somewhere just to reflect on what kind of process they went through. maybe the processes differ in other places of the world. maybe it is easier, harder, humiliating, fantastic if you get to see your family again? just to have some reflection on what an invisible line does to your travel. [bellringing]

,> we are at mission san diego california passed the mission 16 by ain 1769, july saint. cabrillo was a member of expedition by hernando cortez the comfort mexico city. conquest,inished the cabrillo traveled south and the

established themselves in guatemala. while in guatemala, cabrillo was asked by the king of spain to build a fleet. he financed the fleet and he sailed to san diego, arriving in 1542. when he -- when cabrillo arrived in san diego bay, he named it san miguel bay. there is a monument to cabrillo and a part of san diego. back-end 1602, another explorer landed in san diego bay, change the name from san miguel and renamed it san diego. the king of spain decided it was california too

send a message to the world that this portion of the united states belonged to spain. the representative of the king in baja, california had an interview, and they discussed the possibility of colonizing california. in 1769, there were four expeditions -- two by land, and two by sea. on july 16, 1769, mission san diego was established officially. was originally established on what is now known as the presidio held. it is six miles west of this location and it was there until

the summer of 1774. then it moved to the current location. like any civilization in history, whenever there is a clash of cultures, there is to be some conflict. there were some abuses by some of the younger soldiers against some of the indian women. that they wereds utilizing for themselves were all of a sudden occupied by individuals that were not from that area. however, when the mission moved to this location, there were approximately 90 baptisms. between the summer and the fall -- 1774, 300 neophytes were baptized. it is believed that some of the

religious leaders felt threatened of the rate of conversions since the mission had been moved. that, and maybe other considerations, led them to ofack on the morning hours fift.er 4 to november h. they were supposed to divide the group. one group was supposed to attack the city of where the soldiers --e in the other group were and the other group was to attack the mission. that evening, they killed one of the priests. he was california's first martyr. his body was found the next day right next to the river at a cross of the mission. jacketere four leather soldiers defending the mission that evening.

there was one blacksmith, two children, and a priest. weathered the attack. two of the soldiers, with the help of the blacksmith, helped fire, loading the weapons and repairing the attack until the morning. in the morning when the sun came up, other indians from close by villages that were coming for attack for the indians to leave. forall of the operations the mission were back on presidio hill. 1776, themer of father held the captain personally and his sailors, plus the neophytes, started rebuilding mission san diego.

it is interesting to note that during this same period, our forefathers were in the middle of the declaration of independence, and the birth of a new nation in the east coast when the mission was rebuilt. it was rebuilt in a defensive quadrangle. 1775 had been a second time that the mission had been attacked. augustst time being 1769, about a month after the mission had been founded. all of the structures were elected or built within that 150 square feet quadrangle. the church occupied four portions were we find the facade nowadays. it was the first adobe church built on the structure. it was completed in 1777 as a

neophyte continued converting and making the family of the catholics and mission san diego larger, the mission church was expanded. 1781, it was expanded up to 90 feet in length. eventually come as a mission continued growing, it was extended to the size that we see today. i was 1813. -- that was 1813. if you visit today, you can still see the area where the that woulds, and have been with a 1777 century church would have been. if you go through the side doors, you will be able to see the size of the church as more neophytes were coming to the mission. that would've been 1781. -- that would have been the 1781 church.

if we continue into the sanctuary, you can see the remains of california's first martyr, which is father luis jaime. the -- we can see one of the bells that was a gift of the king of spain. we can also going to the museum. the museum we see images of different stages of the mission. when the u.s. military left mission san diego through the period when the mission started to fall into ruins, we can see how it was rebuilt. of 1840,out the year mission san diego was designated as the first diocese of the californias. san diego was to be the head of the diocese.

bishop did not get here until the end of 1841. officiate the confirmations and coordinations at the church on the presidio hill. because san diego. appeared toan diego be so poor at the time, the bishop decided to move to santa barbara. the mission was abandoned. during 1847, when the mexican-american war started, the u.s. army visited mission san diego for the first time in 1848. they started occupying the mission until 1858. during that occupation, they used the mission church as stables for their horses. and as residence for the

soldiers. after the military left san diego mission church for the newtown area, the church fell into ruins. they got to the point that only the facade, probably a portion of the content, was standing. ba maybe a portion of the se of the bill fly. everything else collapsed. in 1931, team of architects and engineers studied the historical archives to determine what the mission church of 1813 looked like and what we see today is their concept of what the mission must've looked like in 1813. that church was dedicated in 1931 by representative from the vatican in san diego.

>> welcome to the park. we are in the jewel of san diego. this is one of the highlights of our city set up in 1868 and set of all the in place havoc in the city. it is the cultural institution, the cultural mecca of our region. the park is the impetus of all of these other really than them and things happening in the united states in the world. this is the exhibit -- san diego invites the world. it is a showcase of the events leading up to the development and the aftermath of the 1916 panama canal exposition in san diego. one of the reasons the exposition was created and how the parking to be with structures and buildings is the

result of the panama canal, which opened in 1915. san diego had a reputation of being a wild west town. it was a very small population. about 30 thousand people who lived here in san diego. of bitee was a lot here. san diego wanted to change its reputation. they wanted to recognize the fact that it was an up-and-coming city. that was the dream of the founding fathers that it could become a metropolis if it was staged appropriately and had industry and business brought to it. one of the people responsible for the exposition in san diego is robert davidson. chamber that he was the leader of the chamber of commerce. the panama canal project would be completed in 1915. opening of the panama canal as an opportunity for san

diego to come ordinate to do's itself to the world -- percent he sawroduce itself -- it as an opportunity for san diego to introduce itself to the rest of the world. they did the financing and funding in the building to building exposition, and it opened december 31, 1914. there was a telegraph sent from woodrow wilson and washington d.c. to turn on all the lights. that happened at midnight. onn the exposition went january 1. 14,000 people came to the opening night of the exposition. it has been the highlight of balboa park ever since. the history center used to be the commerce and industry building. and thatding machines kind of production for business. one of the prized collection pieces we have here in our exhibit is the actual registry

book of all the people who came here. --in 1915, it was so successful. when you came across the bridge into the california building, this was waiting for you to sign in. we collected a number of signatures. we do not know is that we how many, but 3.8 million people came to the exposition in 1915 and 1916. the majority of the folks's names are listed in the book. people went across the street to the county building where there was exhibits on agriculture. one other very important element for the expo is the tried to teach people about different cultures as much as possible. it was a time when the world was opening up.

we wanted to make sure that people had a chance to learn about indigenous cultures that were existing here. and also the united states was not yet that far out of the wars. us to an opportunity for showcase indigenous people in southwestern united states. we invited native americans to come to the exhibit grounds. we built a place for them to put up structures somewhat to their home places and a lived on the site for the duration of the exposition. people could walk in and learn from them directly. to give you a sense of what it was like to be here in 1915, fortunately, we do have parts of the park like they were in 1915. there were four may structures that were supposed to stay here in 1915. we will give you a sense of what

it was like to be here when hundred years ago. cabrilloanding on the bridge, the main entrance to the 1915 panama canal exposition. this was a grand entrance. you are coming over a deep ravine. a deep cabin -- a deep canyon. you are entering a fantasy world. that is what expositions were trying to create -- an atmosphere you had never seen before. it was a way for people to introduce innovations in communications. -- innovations and communications. people would come across the cabrillo bridge. grandould wander up this lodge and approach the first building. the first building we have as you see on the exposition grounds is a former park building. you see it how it was first built.

this was a building designed by irving guild. he was one of the leading architects in san diego at the time and he really brought this modernism to san diego. he was asked to construct the building for the expo. he moved on and worked on other buildings in torrance, california. his architecture style was very different. we take a look at the tower and the dome. we are using structures found in other parts of the world as inspirations for the building in balboa park. adapting this sort of spanish-colonial style, which is different from what people would have seen next positions in other parts of the world before hours. -- before ours. what was referred to as the california building in 1915 was designed to house exhibits in the state of california.

today, we use it as a cultural experience. the structure itself was designed by bertram hughes. he wanted to create a walled city. largest building in those aged cities is their church. the dome you see is modeled after a real structure in spain. over, mining community -- it is a mining community. all of the details are intricate in detail like you would find in any kind of jewelry, plate, dishes, anything made of silver. as people enter the exposition grounds, one of the important reasons why was created is that san diego was the first city you would come to and the united states after coming through the canal.

the interest into the park was a grand image of two people -- one representing pacifica and the other atlanta,. . and they are the ocean. it in the medallion has a ship going through the qingdao represent the panama canal -- ship going through the canal, representing the panama canal. sprinkles -- we are at the pavilion. it was one of the main entertainment venues in balboa park. freckles'ift from the family. the baron moved here in 1906 to live permanently in san diego. he found that the park needed a main entertainment venue. that he and his brother purchased, decided to

give it to this exposition. it is fortunate that we have it. it is an outdoor pipe organ. when it was built, it was a large outdoor pipe organ in the world. for a while, we lost that title to one in the czech republic. but most recently, we have put in more pipes, so once again, it is the largest pipe organ again. runse at main street through the park. it is one of the most popular places that people like to visit as they did when hundred years ago and that is the botanical building. the structure was the largest structure left at the time in the world. it was to house primarily plants from all over the world. one thing about san diego is if you look at our exposition grounds, you see a lot of grass. many of the landscape planners and that time period believed,

as we do today, that the , as it supports, it would not be wise to plant water-based plants. the landscaper was going to change the architecture. but in order to make people feel comfortable from the east, he thought that they needed something to make them feel comfortable, and grass was one of those things. open spaces with grass and foliage was added in as well. it was familiar for people coming in from the east, and fantastical for others coming from other parts of the world. >> today, when the special collections and archives department of the uc san diego library.

we are in the library building. i pulled out a representative group of materials that relate to california and san diego history. they come from different collections in our department. some of the themes you can see to take it in our collections today would be like the mission era of california san diego history. san diego was the first mission. it was established in 1769. the franciscan mission. we have documents from that era. with items here today from the mexican period of california history. and then during the mexican period, you have the first americans, people from the united states, coming in to what is now california. people like james ohio patty. those are overland narratives 1849t describes an overland trip to california.

two of the rarest items we had that relate to california costanzo,e by miguel a spanish officer, who was a part of -- a part of explain the california coast. this was the first spanish edition of the work from 1790. it is very rare and valuable. let's go back to 1790 at that sitsand where california within the larger holdings of spain. at that time, california was a part of new spain. the seat of power of new spain was mexico. four to the south is where we are standing. spain, they were very concerned about sharing geographical information about this outpost. it was percy populated. -- it was sparsely populated.

the missions were here in alto, california, that there weren't many people living here. communication issues. and the distance meant they really did not have full control over the coasts. spain was cognizant of this. they had sent various motor expeditions in the 1790's to gather information and get a better hold of the situation. they were especially concerned about other european powers coming in and taking over what we know as california. the english, the russians from the north, the french, and a bit later, the americans on the united states were all concerned -- were all of a concern to spain and later mexico after mexican independence in the 1820's. todayf the material

before us relate to the mexican period in california history. the mexican period began once mexico gained independence from spain after a long period of war , which really began in the early 1800s with the famous priest in central mexico, who spurred the mexican independence movement. but mexico did not achieve independence until early 1820's. during that period love -- in that period in california, developed a full culture and economy based on the trade. of most famous work literature was henry davis -- henry dana. he came on a ship from new england and arrived in san diego

during that mexican period. what i brought here today was more of a visual view from a which hasage account, -- what wewhat would would call costume plates from the mexican period -- a man and a woman. this period has become a romanticized in a literature, especially when you get later into the 19th century with books like "ramona." that sort of molded the popular concept of the mexican carried out in california was like. california remained sparsely populated at that time. cute land grants were in the hands of a few families -- huge land grants were in the hands of a few families. those fans continue to prosper with trade. one of the first americans that

came to california that we have an account for is james ohio patty. todaye here to show you the 1833 edition of patty's narrative. appeared inition 1831. one of the things that is significant about this account and about people like james patty is how they arrived. rather than coming by ship, they traveled overland. a couple of years before patty in 1820's -- in 1826, get a dais smith was the first to make that trip. these were people involved in trapping and pretty rough people. these were the first americans that would get a glimpse of what

is now california. if you were living in cincinnati in 1830's and you got a hold of ohio pattyy james and his adventures in the west, it would probably with your appetite for adventure. it would probably be in a delay exciting account. it would give you -- it would probably be an exciting account and you and oppression of what life was like in the west and california. looks like this would have been really important and spreading information about california, including southern california. one of the things that some of these early american travelers did is they often married the daughters of spanish landowners and one of the big was ees in san diego

standido. grants one of the land for the ranch that was in their family. nowadays, it is a large residential development in southeastern san diego county. could talk about a lot of the history of san diego through the history of development of communities here, and part of that was land speculation, and during the american period, a lot of it had to do with promotion of the area as a place to live and immigrate to. one of the big events that occurred in san diego in 1915 was the exposition that occurred in what is now double apart, celebrating the opening of the panama canal. san diego had this big,

elaborate multi-your exposition, which attracted a lot of tourists to the area. for the a great time promoters of the area, the real estate promoters, to develop different parts of the city. and this case, this is a very elaborate one for a place called mission beach which is south of la jolla. most intricatee land promotions. thatows the available lots were for sale for people seeking homesites. missioncase, this is each. this was -- in this case, this is for mission beach. this was celebrating the panama canal open. it is interesting to point out the raw material history comes

from primary resources and some of the things we have here are uc san diego special collections and archives, served the story and stu better understand our history in san diego, the context within california and united states history. so things like the journal books of asher eddie, which would be representative of a vital and rich resource that could be mined by historians because it is full of first-hand accounts over several years of somebody here in southern california in 1854. such asy, a document this girl emission register, would give vital statistical periodtion from the 1809

about the missions thrust california. you cannot just make this up. this is a document that shows, in numbers, exactly what was going on at that time. tangible connection to the history of san diego. it is a primary resource. historians need these things to place into context san diego history within the larger context of u.s. history. >> our visit to san diego, california is an american history tv exclusive. we showed it today to introduce you to c-span's cities tour. have traveled, we to cities across the u.s. to explore their literary and historic sites. you can watch more of our visits

citiestour.rg/ >> this weekend, c-span's cities tour will explore the literary life and history of fresno, california. saturday at noon is to on c-span2. hernandez, author of the plane crash. --when the plaintiff crash one of the plane crash happened, one of the great rebellious folk icons, he wrote a poem about it and said goodbye . you will not have a name when you ride that big airplane, all they will call you is a deportee. lifed then learn about the

of a harvest son recounting his personal story of childhood, race and identity in california's central valley. >> japanese-americans had a very vibrant agricultural community partly because when immigrants first came, this was the only entry point for a lot of them in the american economy committee could >> sunday afternoon at 2:00 p.m. on history tv, the history of farming and agriculture from fresno county farm bureau brian jacobson. >> we have a mediterranean climate that is found in only five regions throughout the world. >> we will visit the historic carny mansion museum and learn about martin theodore kearny, and a dull -- an early contributor. >> he was interested in the growing of raisins and wanted to get together a co-op of raisin growers to structure the pricing

and control quality of reasons. >> watch c-span's cities tour a fresno, california saturday at noon eastern on book tv, and sunday at 2:00 p.m. on c-span3, working with our cable affiliates and cities across the country. c-span's washington journal, live every day with news and policy issues that impact you. morning, saturday senior enron analyst for defense of democracy joins us to discuss u.s.-iran relations under the trunk administration. -- under the trump administration. and then changes to education policies under the trump demonstration. for educationck secretary. and a writer will discuss

trump's indicative order on emigration and how it can impact the medical and high-tech fields. he sure to watch c-span's washington journal beginning live at >> the u.s. state department remote tens of thousands of u.s. visa -- revoked tens of thousands of u.s. visas today. -- temporarilyt halted the u.s. refugee program on people90 day ban traveling from seven muslim majority countries. reuters, article at u.s. justice department numbers revokednumbers of visas numbers,000, but other

from earlier are above 100,000. to -- nathaniel gorton, a george h.w. bush appointee, decided not to renew the restraining order that expired on sunday. and malcolm turnbull recently spoke with a reporter about his phone call with president trump earlier this week. for -- it was reported that president trump ended the call early and that the prime and trump had had a about accepting refugees must really a. this is what the prime minister had to say. >> what it trump have to say about the refugee deal? >> we had a good conversation?

>> will a go-ahead? >> the president made a commitment to honor the deal that has been made by his predecessor. that has been confirmed several times. it is important that it goes ahead, because it will enable us to secure resettlement options for people -- a number of people. that speaks to the labour party there as a consequence of their absolute tragic failure to keep our border secure. >> can you tell us what extreme betting will involve? will involve? >> australian prime minister, malcolm turnbull. turning to the financial side of things, the ceo of bloomberg is stepping down from president

trump's business council. this is after protests from writers and questions that he was getting from employees -- the ceo of uber is stepping down from president trump's business council. this is after protests from writers and questions you is getting from employees. over --users have left uber in protest after the ridesharing company turned off search pricing during -- surge a taxi van.ng strike.

regarding the meeting at the white house, a statement was tweeted saying that being on the a means toply was provide advice, and that he does not necessarily agree with the trumpet in the station. you can -- trump administration. some executive orders that were signed by president trump today dealing with financial regulation. president trump signing two executive orders. one of them ordering the financial department to review -- here is the president signing those orders. pres. trump: thank you for everybody being you this morning. this is a world-class group.