>> c-span, where history unfolds daily. in 1979, c-span was crated by a public service by america's television companies and is brought to you today by your cable or satellite provider. for the next hour, our cities tour visits here, south dakota about itsmore history. for six years, we have traveled to u.s. cities. you can watch more of our visits estour.an.org/citi

town.e is a pretty small it is 12 to 13,000 people. people, is another 2500 so between the two probably 15,000. not only is it small, but it is pretty remote. it was selected as the state capital because it is in the middle of the state, but it is really two or two and half hour part of town.ther problem for people who have to drive to come to meetings. peopleenge for getting .o come to work the state is the largest employer and dominates the economy. was dakota territory

created in 1816 to come of the farinal capital was in the southeast corner of the territory. settled, ittory was emerged three geographic areas. he had settlements in the southeast corner, yang bin up to up to sioux falls and then after the gold rush there was settlement in the black hills. deadwood in rapid city is famous -- deadwood and rapid city are famous. 1880's, aly territorial governor who was considered corrupt engineered the move of the capital from

yankton to bismarck, which is now north dakota because he had a lot of business interests in bismarck. that caused a rift and solidify when statehood came, we were two states and by that point the capital was bismarck and that became the capital of north dakota. the choice of a capital was pretty wide-open when south dakota became a state and there were probably eight or 10 different cities that contended for the capital. pr one that vote on the strength of its position almost perfectly in the center of south dakota. at that time, the western part of the state, other than the black hills was almost completely unsettled by european settlers. there were native americans and

so pr's claim to be centrally located rang a little hollow because it was really pretty far to the west of where most of the people were. it long that initial vote. there was another vote next year . pier 1 that vote also in both elections. inn, a final vote was held mitchell.eer defeated building, planning began shortly after that and that is why our capitol building was not built until 1908 to 1910. capital isry state built to give a sense of

importance and permanent and have an imposing structure like this bill in a town like. it is not of a town but at that time would have stood out. construction was set back by about a year because of a dispute over the use of out-of-state stone. it is kind of an interesting story, but when they left the bids for the stone come below bids were from the other states. it's interesting because that is kind of an analogy from where a lot of the early settling came from. most of the early government came from those states. that is where a lot of the settlement came from so this was built almost entirely from stone. the only south dakota stone are the foundation. there was a lawsuit that attempted to force the building

to be built entirely of south dakota stone. that case was not successful and a decision was made to go with the low-paid and that is why it is built was out-of-state stone. right now, we are sending in the rotunda of the capital. looking around, there are four statues here. emptywells actually stood until 1989 and in 1989, the state commissions four statues --integrity, wisdom, courage, and vision are represented by these statues of goddesses who embody those traits. if you look up, there are also four corner areas with flags. obviously, the south dakota flag

am a there's dakota territory that reflects the united states. spainare also flags for and france because they control this territory at different times and each corner -- one corner has a white flag, red, black, and yellow. those are native american colors that represent the four directions of a compass. goddessespaintings of that represent agriculture, livestock, industry, and family. and again, those are original to the building. this is the governor's reception room. it was the regional governor's office. they, and adjoins governor's office and is the room the governor uses to greet andts, small receptions bill signing ceremonies.

resortthe first room after the state capital restoration in 1976. it began with the u.s. bicentennial in 1976 and then really ended about the south dakota centennial, 1989. it is really pretty incredible to see how bad it looked. whys hard to understand people felt like that was an improvement over what this looks like. one controversy is a mural that was crated on the wall behind me called progress of south dakota. angel leading in the european settlers into the trampling overly

the native americans, who seem to be lying on the ground in being trampled by the settlers. symbolic in some ways, the obviously pretty controversial as our views of history have changed and it was a controversy for 20 or 30 years. back in the 1970's, the governor at the time attempted to resolve zero retitling the girl -- -- mural with the name " only with our mistakes can we learn." that did not really satisfy anyone. curtain had been placed over it, but people always wanted to look under it. so finally about 20 years ago, the governor decided that although the girl -- the mural

should be preserved, it was painted on the wall so the wall behind me is a false wall, so the mural was behind -- is behind there. that was how the issue was dealt with. maybe not the perfect answer, but sometimes there is no perfect answer. journal --tatute of general william harrison beetle. prep --ppointed by present grant to be be surveyor in south dakota.

-- general beetle felt strongly we needed to endow the operation of our school system and so push for program that set aside one section in each township throughout the state that only owned by the state and trust for the benefit of the schools in that township. landtime, those parcels of have been swapped into larger areas and they are not all necessarily the same. today, we have a trust that operates money for the school systems. this was an innovative idea, but one that caught on. north dakota, montana, copiedton, wyoming all the provision.

so general beetle -- when the u.s. capitol invited each state sashes from each state, a statue of general beedle is one that was submitted first. we have many school groups who growth of the capital every year and one of the things kids most remember is the story of these blue tiles in the floor. when the capital was being built, the floor was being put in and traditionally the signmason is allowed to somewhere. there are so many, they were not allowed to do that. supposedly there are 66 of them

throughout the building, but only 55 of them have ever been found. always a tension to find as many blue tiles as you can. i hope when people visit the state capital they said we have a love of pride in our state and history and also see we are open about our capital and government. the security is very light. does no metal detectors to get in. we have very expensive hours were people can visit. we get a lot of visitors here from out of state, often people who are trying to visit all the state capitals and they are youys impressed by how open can come in and look around. >> the lewis and clark

expedition is key in u.s. history. the idea of the expedition was to encourage more american travel up the missouri river and more american trade with the american indians. the story is in south dakota, there -- when you come to south dakota, you have certain floyd who just died. employed -- sergeant floyd had just died. the first election held in south ,-- further up the river they had to go see these devils, but once they got to spirit on

what did they see? acres and acres of bison and flatland. these are men coming from eastern united states who are used to trees and forests and hills and rocks, so this open plain was like a farmer's delight as well as a hunter's delight. further, the youngest lost., age 17 got the most important thing was an encounter with the lakota. it couldorians believe have been the end of the becausen -- expedition of our misunderstanding. lewis and clark were walking into a very difficult political

situation among american indians. boatswain clark assumed these clark assume and these were simple people. these were very sophisticated people. they were having a rivalry for leadership between buffalo madison. they were competing on who would in front ofe tribe the explorers coming up. they also wanted to control the trade up and down the river. they got paid more goods and than the indians of the river. of course, the american explorers one of two say we want you to trade with us. it was not in the best interest

to do that so there was a competition between back buffalo -- black buffalo and buffalo madison. they just did not understand. the other thing lewis and clark did was then left there interpreter behind. preparingare, lewis to give his speech and they did not have a proper translator so the speeches were not effective. they lay out all these wonderful gifts and they give more gifts to black buffalo because they see him has -- as the head chief. that did not do anything. that did not go so well so clark says we will take them on the boat so that will impress them

and so when they're coming back, the partisans men grabbed hold of the rope and symbolically say you cannot leave until you give us more things, more goods. immediately got mad and guns got raised. on the shore, you have to imagine, the boats are filled and weaponsndians get drawn on that side. the good thing is at this moment in time, black buffalo steps forward, tells the warriors to let go of the rope and they do it. and like a pause, the tension goes away and the moment of

potential confrontation disappears. thomas jefferson sent lewis and clark out on their expedition, they knew they will -- would encounter american indians and they wanted to provide a friendly appearance because those could be key in the development of the country to work with the american indians that were living here. when they came up the missouri river, lois and clark have peace medals with them. we refer to them as jefferson peace medals. on the front is an image of jefferson and on the back is to in friendship.very important in terms of the gifting. these were people that they saw the leader of the tribe.

this man, whose image is on the .etal and now your leader i was really important in the diplomatic acting of the expedition. the diplomatic side i think was important and they took great pains to be good at doing. the military part -- it was a military expedition. in militaryessed uniforms, they showed their guns. they love the aspect of discovering new things, but the diplomatic part was the most important from the standpoint that they were letting people owner ofe is a new this land and it happens to be the united states of america, not only for the native americans, but the trappers and traders encouraging trade.

pr, south dakota -- heartsouth dakota is the of the story of south dakota -- -- about what is important to the lewis and clark expedition. that is one of the intriguing stories because it was not found until 1959 by a bunch of schoolchildren. they are headed off to the local print shop to sell this led maka unufe down for type in the happen to run into a couple of legislators in town and they

were showing off what they had found and they realized this is probably something important. --it was probably stamped in paris before it came to the united states. on the backside, it was carved with a knife of the two brothers who are here in the date they were at fort pierce. to be able to hold that in no these explorers pasted -- placed it at fort pierce. early 1700sd in the was people were living along the

missouri river in south dakota and about the time of the signing of the declaration of independence in 1776, we see enough that the black hills. at that point in time, they started to dominate the missouri river valley, pushing people farther north and eventually ended up in north dakota. 1700s,a in the early middle 70 hundreds was really trying to be controlled by the french, english and spanish. there was a lot of that turmoil going on. as soon as the french explorers came in settling trying to maintain control of the area, and became the louisiana territory. here was the father and he and

explorers of were note in u.s. and canadian history, largely investigating and exploring now minnesota and north dakota. they were considered failures in the time because everybody knew there was a northwest passage to the pacific ocean. there was a waterway to get across this country and because they fail to find that, they were considered failures. later on in 1742, two of peers sons traveled further south and west than they had previously been on the return trip, they stop at the confluence of the theouri river and overlook present city of fort pierce. that really does more than anything set the french control of this particular area.

it could have been melted away and we would have never found it. here, people can look at the place and understand this is the first time that we know there were non-indians in the area. >> governor daugaard, thank you for meeting with us. describe the state of south dakota. governor daugaard: self dakota is an agricultural state. it is the number one industry here. i grew up in south dakota and i think most people are one or two generations or immediately off a farm or ranch, so that is our sourceh we are also a

state. we have not rushmore, the palace, crazy horse. we are also a financial services locale. people would not think that, but in the early 1980's when interest rates were skyrocketing in citibank was losing money in new york, they moved their credit card operations to south dakota where it is -- where it continues to be based in so other issuers have followed here . we are a financial services locale, but people don't think of us that way. dakota?ives in south governor daugaard: the lives -- we have about 850,000 people. population might be a little

bit older than the nation as a whole, but we are increasingly urbanized in the sense that -- rural the role areas are moving to more populated areas, chiefly because farming and ranching is more efficient and larger scale. leading -- needing a farm every section, you have one every two or three sections. >> describe the political makeup of the state. governor daugaard: pretty conservative, predominantly republican. sizableblicans have a registration advantage over democrats and of course the frequent registration is independent.

so it is republicans about 250,000, democrats 160,000, independence 100,000 -- something like that and so politically, you will see more republicans. both houses of legislature are over two thirds republican. i'm the 32nd governor of south they have only non-republicans. >> you mention agriculture is the biggest economic driver or it how does that affect legislation? -- the biggest economic driver. how does it affect legislation? governor daugaard: we are a

hands-off state. attitude laissez-faire which means we don't regulate a lot. the u.s. chamber of commerce sees our regulatory climate as the best in the nation for business. one fork us number reasonable regulation. so whether you are in the egg business or some other business, -- it is not that we don't regulate, but we don't over regulate. >> in 2011, you establish the first office of tribal relations with any state. how does the state of south native tribes?h governor daugaard: we have nine tribes, all our sioux tribes. those tribes are all separate,

sovereign government so one been i have always delivered about is not treating all tribes the same. might be of interest in one tribe might not be in interest to another tribe. every year, i go to visit at least three of the tribes on their turf and so in fact, last week i was at one and we met all morning with the tribal president and council members. i visited their housing and transportation office and try to focus on what they are interested in and what their challenges and opportunities are and in each tribe may be different. you are the first-round of

deaf parents to be elected governor of any state. how has that influence you -- you?enced governor daugaard:governor daugaard: i think being in a house where both parents had a disability has made them more emphatic to people with disabilities. i think also that people sometimes see a person with a beinglity as having that their defining characteristic and i know for my personal experience, everyone is different and everyone has to be treated as individuals. there are some people with disabilities that use as a crutch and let their disability be an advantage that they leverage and there are others who try to let their disability completely be ignored and want to achieve and work hard and do well in spite of those disabilities.

in anything, i think people with disabilities have to work harder , so they often become more determined and achieve because of that determination. >> according to polls, you are the most popular governor of the u.s. state among your constituents with a 74% approval rating. why do you -- what do you credit this to? governor daugaard: poor polling. [laughter] governor daugaard: there will be sometimes when i'm a popular governor and sometimes when i'm not as popular. i think it is nice, but at the same time i think in some ways you can see it as a black mark because if you are popular, that -- thatan things that might mean you are doing things are proper, not necessarily appropriate. like a grandmother who always

gives candy to a child. of course they will be popular, but is giving candy to the kids all the time. is that a good thing? probably not. --ried to, i believe that andtics is complicated legislative matters and policy decisions are difficult enough that we need a representative government. so in theory, a here democracy would allow all citizens to vote on everything, but that would also demand a spin the time, gain the knowledge and informedd to make an judgment. we have a representative democracy where we give people whoo the

represent us. if i find someone like that, i will vote for them because i believe it will make a judgment that would be squared with my attitude and my values, so i would like to believe i was elected to exert my values when i make a vote or veto a bill or initiate legislation. as i said when i was first elected, i was not elected to get reelected. i was elected to do what i thought was right. we had to cut the budget to get the budget back into the balance and some people were very unhappy about that. after a few years, i think most people in south dakota c the medicine that we took quickly

and all at once was necessary and appropriate. now our budget is in great shape and we are growing and all those cuts have been restored and we are back in good shape. >> are there any areas of south dakota's history that you find interesting or influential? governor daugaard: one partgovernor daugaard: that is interesting to me is the time when peter nor back was governor and later u.s. senator. he was a progressive republican the 20'she served in governor, he was very instrumental in creating some of the taurus attractions and natural areas of south are ourhat today

jewels. for example, he conceived the idea of taking all the small that were schools created when south dakota was freshly a state and in each township, a small part of land was set aside to support schools and those parcels were all over the state. what he did was exchange or so or purchase to consolidate those into one very large parcel into the black hills which i think has become the second-largest state park in america, custer state park. that is a state park where we have a free ranging herd of buffalo, you can see elk and he also was very deliberate and

involved in laying out some roadways that led from the park to mount rushmore. there are two scenic highways that don't take the shortest distance between the park and mount rushmore, but take to winding, very scenic drives. spireads through granite and are very popular among rock climbers in another scene drive , whichiron mountain road dives through deep valleys and pinetop mountains and just beautiful drive. the other thing is after he served as governor, he was instrumental in getting president coolidge to come to theblack hills and see

carving of mount rushmore in its infancy which convinced colin should commit federal funds and i think saved not rushmore from collapsing as a project. for those two reasons, i think very forward was a thinking governor and u.s. senator. >> will life be like for you after public office? governor daugaard: i have been ,overnor now for six plus years almost seven years. got one more to go and then i am term limited so at the end of 2018, i'll be out of office to move i will also be 65. i will be eligible for social security and medicare, i'm counting on you to continue to pay into those programs because i will be relying on them.

sure what im not would do. i'm not going to run for office again. i've been in politics for over 20 years and that is enough. i'm ready to go back to the private sector. all have to do something. i don't have enough money in retirement. i don't have any debt. i will go back to the farm where i grew up. my wife and i built a house out there that is set free in that is where my dad was born, that is where i was born and my kids were born. that is home for me. that is what i'm looking forward to. back on the farm and a little bit more peaceful and spending more time with the grandkids. governors was a project that was started in couple of2011 by a businessmen who are history buffs and wanted to find a way to promote south dakota history

in the capital city. taurus whoa lot of visit the capital cities. we get a lot of school groups and they wanted to have a way to inform people about the history of this state and so they conceive of something that is as far as i know unlike anything else in the country. a life-size statue of every former governor. it starts here and goes around the governor's mansion and goes to the county courthouse, which is the site of the first building and then it goes down the main street down to the american legion headquarters on the missouri river. this is governor george s mickelson. he was a governor from 1987 to 1993. it was aperiod transfer -- of

transformation for the state. governor mickelson was a very charismatic guy. he had been in the state legislature. hit other -- his father had been governor in the 1940's. when he ran, he was not really a well-known figure and did a lot of door-to-door campaigning. he won the election in a bit of an upset. he put a lot of infamous -- emphasis on local government. he also emphasized relationship .ith native american he died in a plane crash when he

had just under two years in office. he and business leaders travel to cincinnati to me with a meatpacking plant in sioux falls to talk about the future of the plant and they ran into some bad weather coming home in the plane --shed near the views, iowa near iowa. guyas a relatively young and it was a real shock for the state. this is his statue near the trail of governors. it is a large sculpture based on the crazy horse sculpture conceived. george mickelson is shown here

pretty informal. he has his jacket slung over his shoulder and he's reaching out his hand. and much for trace him as active, from the person that he was for it his father is around the front and to the west of the capital. a lot of our early governors have faded and may not be well known, but peter norbeck remembered pretty fondly. an interesting guy. he was the first governor to have been born in the state. when he was young man, he started a well drilling business. androught -- bottom machine would go around drilling wells.

a lot of the settlement of the state was only possible because of that effort. he was elected to the state senate and then lieutenant governor and led the effort as a senator to start preserving land in black hills parkland. he was very hands-on and one out and surveyed the high was self, laid out with offense should go himself. he was the chairman of the state park board, led the construction of their game lodge and the statue recalls that element of his legacy. arbitrated at his feet along with the pigtailed things, which is another he led the construction of.

he was a progressive to theodore roosevelt type republican. we had a state called mind and hail health insurance -- insurance. he remained pretty popular and served as the u.s. senate in the rest -- for the rest of his life. he was the driving force around the construction of mel rushmore -- mount rushmore. really made a significant legacy for parkland in south dakota and the united states. -- arthur was a native of indiana. went to the university of indiana in bloomington. he came to south dakota or dakota territory at the time because his wife had respiratory

problems and indiana was too humid so he wanted to find more on climate. he richly came to springfield south dakota. senator harris and arrange for him to be appointed in springfield south dakota. yearsthere for a couple became involved in early statehood efforts. there were a couple efforts to get dakota admitted into statehood. convention in harris got elected president in 1888, that was good . first of all, harrison was leading advocate for statehood for north and south dakota and as president was able to push that through and make that

final. when we became a state, melette was easily elected as the governor. ---- 16 years makes him the longest serving governor and third longest serving governor in the country. colorfuljanklow was a character. he was outspoken guy and an aggressive guy who would try to take action in pretty unorthodox ways. one of the things he is most of them are for is his management of disasters. when there was a tornado or other kind of disaster, he would be out there personally

directing the response, yelling at people, barking out orders. we had a very bad tornado in a town called spencer in 1988 -- 1998 and he was one of the first people on the scene coordinating the response. you see him holding a bullhorn in his hand which was not uncommon in those situations. the jacket he is wearing is a south dakota highway patrol jacket. the early governors for the most part came from the midwestern states and move here as adults and help run the state. you have people who for the most part moved here as children and then later, most governors were burned -- more here are came here as very young children and really represent the development of the state. almost without exception, are fiscalrs have been

conservatives. --ernors of both parties has have emphasized a pension and so, we are responsible and conservative. at the same time, we are not in --be pragmatic or aggressive afraid to be pragmatic or aggressive. governors like peter nor back --e killed lik or inll have governors, some case like our governor who will step up and does level meeting get done and that is what the state wants. [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2017] [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. visit ncicap.org] for six years, we have traveled to u.s. cities, bringing the literary scene and

historic sites to our viewers. you can watch more of our visits /citiestour.g >> tonight on c-span, james mattis visiting the korean dmz. vice president mike pence speaking in north dakota. an interview with supreme court justice ruth bader ginsburg. sexuala discussion about harassment laws from today washington journal. defense secretary james mattis visited the demilitarized zone between north and south korea as part of the trip that included civilians and military leaders. president trump will visit south korea next week. secretary mattis and self korea -- south korea's defense minister spoke about the alliance.