announcer: c-span, where history unfolds daily third in 1979, he's been was created as a public service by america's's cable television companies and is brought to you today by your cable or satellite provider. next, a discussion on the future of self driving cars in the united states. automotive and technology leaders joint government officials to talk about efforts to establish a framework for autonomous vehicles. at this event, hosted by techfire, in los angeles. his is does go hours. -- this is two hours. >> good afternoon, everyone. thank you for coming. my name is david murphy. i am the founder and ceo of techfire.

think it is tremendous to have such an incredible lineup of speakers a joining us, from washington, d.c. to everywhere in between. we are so honored to have all of you. we have people who up flown in to attend. , thisat the moment now moment is equivalent to the horse and buggy and automobile. and it a true revolution is going to be coming sooner than any of us realize. things are going to be changing for the better in ways that affect us and in ways we have not even started to think about.

we wanted to bring people together to not only think about the benefits of self driving also the implications of how we need to think about redoing the urban landscape. to think about the economic needs of workers who will be displaced and all of the benefits and problems that come with this incredible revolution that is going to transform our society. we are so excited to have you here and thank you for coming. i wanted to give you an overview of the day. i wanted to invite some people up to give some remarks. first of all, i wanted to ignore knowledge the fact that this event would not be happening -- for those of you who you may not have known what a special mayor this

man is arid -- is. he is someone who has been a bit like obama or bill clinton in l.a. in that he is hire the best of smart people, who are expanding la's horizons in new and interesting ways. without any further a do, let me welcome to the stage jason crockett from the mayor's office of economic development. [applause] >> good morning, everyone. thank you so much for hosting this event at the city hall.

for the next round, you should kick it off with your rendition of is change going to come? have the choir behind you. that would be a great start. on behalf of the mayor, it is my pleasure to welcome you to city hall. the city of los angeles is thought to be at the forefront of transportation. in a city where 70% of the community drives to work, 90 hours of traffic spent sitting in their cars and nearly $3.7 billion in parking costs paid, we are ready to forge a new path . one that brings together leaders in the auto industry, planners from the city, and policymakers

to solve mobility challenges brought on by population growth and population density spread across our region. just last year, the department of transportation released its a thety plan, making as first city -- making l.a. the first city to actively address policy around self driving vehicles. you have a leader among this administration that wants to serve as a partner to you, ready to explore the capacity of technological advancement of autonomous vehicles to solve one of the regions most pressing challenges. thank you for all the hard work you have done to bring this day together. thank you to all of the honored guests, including councilman mikeon an -- mike on it --

bonin. thank you all for joining us today. we are excited to be part of this great thank you, everyone. thank you to everyone with the mayor's office and they have an fantastic to work with -- they have been fantastic to work with. big thanks are due to the southern california of -- associate governors. i was so scared by the numbers put into the report years ago, realizing how things were already quite bad in l.a.

clear -- a critical role in supporting this event today. they have done some rate reports. -- some great reports. >> thank you and it is an honor to be here to talk about the future of transportation. skagt to represent not only but also san bernardino county. it is important the government leaders are working hand-in-hand with tech companies and transportation companies because you need that infrastructure to be planned, along with the future of what transportation is all about. scag is very honored to be part

of that. we want to be your partner going forward, to make sure we, as government, is there. thank you for having me. thank you very much, mr. supervisor here at -- mr. supervisor. knowledge our partners as well -- it knowledge wledge our partners as well. we're honored to have them helping out. i want to take a moment before we launch into a our lineup -- we launch into our lineup. we have all had our own

experiences over the years, on the road, in los angeles or across the world. we sometimes forget what a dangerous thing driving is. we have to do it. we have to put up with it. we are not perfect at the wheel. we accept what is not acceptable. if you think about it, the number of deaths because of highway road accidents is 1.2 5 million, 2.25% of all deaths globally. the financial times had an article suggesting we kill off the greatest killer of all times.

for those of you who flow out airline comingn down every day. we would say, this is too dangerous, it is immoral. when, very soon, it becomes possible to have self driving cars take away these deaths because they will be much safer than humans. as much as we like to think we are infallible, maybe we will be at the point where it becomes immoral to allow a civilian in a vehicle. it is not something everyone has to do. it may be something we look back on like, how did we allow that? it is going to be fascinating to

see how society changes. not only through deaths, but all the suffering that is caused through injuries. there are huge impacts. they're going to be challenges that come with health driving cars are we have already seen incredible political problems in this country because of automation. it will have great impacts to truck driving, taxi driving, even uber will not need drivers anymore. we will not need any more yard doctors perhaps, or as many police or firemen -- anymore er doctors perhaps, or as many police or firemen. perhaps car dealerships will scale back. it is like looking back and , will this go away

question mark -- go away? we have to be sure we take the time to think about how we will help each other, for people who lose their jobs and the incredible economic disruption happening across the nation. tend to not able to have these deep policy discussions but we have to find a way to do that and to realize, this is coming, sooner rather than later. we think things will be disrupted, there is a lot on the road ahead. i don't mean to be too negative. i'm incredibly excited about the benefits autonomous vehicles will bring.

not only traffic safety but convenience. obviously, wouldn't it be great to watch a movie instead of just 405?ng on the take a nap. benefits.of .ost comes down for delivery new startups will transform society with services we cannot imagine. it is incredible. lay, we make sure we have the self driving car companies come down and test them. , we make sure we have the self driving car companies come down and test them. i wanted to introduce some one who is more so than anyone in

the world, responsible for driving this revolution. was the former director of google's self-driving car project. it is now called waymo. this happened superfast and some people believe the cousin of the -- believeoogle did that because of the work that 2 million, we may see lives saved because it is happening faster than we thought. saving 2 million lives by bringing autonomous vehicles more quickly is changing the world. urmson is leading a

secretive startup. you will be as excited as us to learn some of those secrets. it is an amazing company which has engaged not only chris, but also top minds from uber, from tesla, and from others. chris has a great history. we will get into that in our discussion. we're excited to have him down here. let me ask all of you to give a warm welcome to chris urmson. [applause] chris, thank you so much were being here in l.a.. take us back.

10 years ago, you were here for the darpa challenge. was?the audience what that >> sure. thank you very much. for the imitation and to the mayor's office for hosting us. it is not clear if i will be able to get my head through the door after all that. 10 years ago, even longer, 14 years ago, the idea was to drive a car from los angeles to las vegas across the desert, without , without a midget hiding inside. help menwas, can we and women that are in harms way drive supply convoys in dangerous parts of the world.

it was announced as the grand challenge. no one believed we could do it in a timeframe that was meaningful. we went out for the first challenge. it was about 150 miles. the team i was the technical director for got stuck, burst into flames, and that was it. then, we drove into three fence post. it was an awesome day. hourd drive 40 miles an across the desert, with nobody on board. the media said, this is a disaster heard those who were part of it, felt the same way. the defense department said no, this is a big step forward. come back in a year and see how you do. in 2000 and five, a had the second challenge and five teams met that challenge.

coming, this stuff is and we can do something meaningful with it someday. >> over the years, across various challenges, you had experiences where your car would flip over the night before. >> absolutely. this was one of the tougher parts. we were on some of the rough experimental. was the first year, we were trying to get the vehicle to drive 150 miles for the first time. we had it on this oval track and we did simple math. we said if we drive 30 miles per hour, it will take five hours. if we drive 50 miles per hour, it will take three hours. we picked 50 miles per hour does it seemed better. -- because it seemed that her.

hit atwo hours in, it soft patch of dirt and rolled over. and we graduates didn't got the thing turned the right way up. we did this again a year later. we got smarter in many ways. this time, the vehicle finished where we could not chase it with suv's. we had to chase it with humvees because the ground was too rough. the team that was testing it said, it is going so well. why don't we have a drive itself back? -- part wayugh that through that, it hit a barrel.

we have come a long way. things are looking good. guys won a million dollar prize as part of that, right? challenge, a team from stanford one. i was at carnegie mellon. giant, million dollar novelty check. a year or two later, there was a third competition, at the old airbase. this time, vehicles had to drive on their side of the road. they had to stop for stop signs. they paid a bunch of stunt drivers to drive cars around to create traffic. this was exciting. our team did win this. we came first that year. we also got to witness the first

robotic car crash. cornell and m.i.t. crashed into each other. arounda historic day all for self driving cars. environment,ademic you do have any sense that you would be at this point where , not seeing these things just in the role of academics, that something that is about to transform the automotive industry? >> back then, we did not understand the implications of what this would mean for improving lives and safety on the road. the visceral benefit will happen to folks who do not have to sit in traffic or who can get from a to b when they could not before your it -- before.

when you start this, you do not understand how hard it is. our aspiration was to do this even more quickly. that was naive. it was a hard problem. it is incredible to see how the world has changed over the last five years. >> to go from that world of academia, tell us about how you got approached by google and how this got started? >> i was a professor at carnegie mellon. this was back when google was a search engine and did not have android and the other amazing rings the company does -- amazing things the company does. i was approached and my reaction was, why?

after spending some time with them and understanding they are in engineering company and they want to solve problems, i joined the company in 2009. we did not talk at all publicly 2011.almost over those seven and a half 2009 to 2016, weep pushed -- we pushed the technology and change the perception of when it could happen and what it could mean. now, i am on a new venture with a new company. >> i am so glad you mentioned it. innovationut aurora and the solution you will be providing. what secrets can you reveal? secrets.re what

it has been amazing to see the way the industry has started to embrace this. or many years, this was perceived as science-fiction, as something that could not happen. ran was one of the first people to really understand this and to understand why it was important to move forward. over the last five years, it has gone from, that is silly to i think that is interesting to i think that is really important. amazing.try is really there is a lot a popular press about the battle a twinge of troy and silicon valley and the detroitattle between and silicon valley. the amount of technology and process engineering required to

make that happen is mind-boggling. it requires a very specific type of process and specific type of commitment to make that happen. is notnd of commitment particularly compatible with software. that is where aurora can help. if a thing comes off the line , about onceny parts every two minutes and it works for 15 years, i cannot imagine an app in silicon valley doing that. we would like to bring that innovative, software side of the house and partner with automotive companies. our company will be providing the software that will work with

those vehicles and they will deliver those vehicles to their customers to realize these benefits of safety and mobility. >> as you think about that culture, it is something where these two cultures are very different. we do see the public conflict talked about. isn't it fair to say that it has been tough for some of these big automakers to attract the engineering talent that you had been able to attract at google and that now, people are eager to break down your door and joined the team? >> that comes down to that process you have to have in place. it leads to a certain type of culture that is productive but it is not a culture that lends itself to software talent that we need to have to solve the

problem. by building this kind of company, we are able to attract this kind of talent. we can marry the best of both worlds. we can marry the genius of automotive industry and the incredible capability we can harness in the tech sector to make this happen. the am curious to tell story of how you came together with sterling andrew -- sterling and drew. how did you come together? >> it is pretty exciting and fortuitous. the company was founded by the through sterling

anderson. it turns out we knew each other for 18 years. yearsnt the last 18 pushing this state of the art in machine learning and robotics and reinforcement learning. when you think about the core technologies for self driving vehicles, it is that deep understanding of core technologies applied to real world data. sterling anderson went out in he wassulting world and pulled off to program model x for tesla. he has experienced shipping something. it is the closest thing to a self driving vehicle out there in the world today. when i was trying to figure out what to do next, i was not clear

when i left google if the right thing to do was start a company. their experiences complimented my own so well. it was an amazing foundation. from there, we have been able to attract an amazing group of talent. >> hopefully, you will be opening an engineering office here on the west side of l.a.. there is a lot of great talent out of caltech. our next speaker is a caltech graduate, herself. speaking of l.a., here we are in the city famed for its part culture -- park culture. you look outside and you see parking lots everywhere. a little bit about how self driving cars are going to remake the urban landscape >>

-- landscape? that opportunity to reclaim our cities is profound. if you look in a city like los angeles, 30% to 40% of the space is parking space. today, there are basically three spots for every car your there is your parking spot at home, at work, and at a shopping center. if we can come up with shared mobility systems that are enabled i self driving technology, we can start to reclaim that landscape. we can deploy them as part of smart transportation networks. we can use light rail, rapid lastit buses and feed the mile with smaller vehicles that are cost effective to operate

and provide transportation at a lower cost and take those urban eyesores -- parking is important -- but anyone who loves urine soaked concrete is probably a sick person -- and if we can turn that into park space, imagine the social good and the financial implication and the opportunities for our cities to be that much more livable. it is profound. >> california infamous for traffic but also infamous for our housing crunch. housingtunity for more and more parks and everything else we need. talk about what excites you most right now about what is going to change, be transformed, because of this revolution? >> i'm going to fight a little

bit -- by which -- fudge a little bit. one of the most exciting things is, if you think about transportation, it is fundamental. anything you are wearing or you use was either dug up out of the ground and grown and that it was put on a vehicle. transportation is fundamental to our society. if we can find ways to reduce ,he cost and improve the safety it is hard to imagine how broad the implications will be. if you look at a similar kind of atuction in another space, an order of magnitude reduction they came through the internet -- that came through the the benefits and

access to information, think about that happening in the physical world and that gives you an idea about how profound the change will be. there was a great podcast recently, talking about some of .he economic impact to workers you had an eloquent answer you gave her about any further thinking about how we navigate the disruption will occur. social, a difficult societal problem we face. we face it through globalization. if you take a step act and take step back and- a take a worldview, globalization is tying communities together.

it has had a profound impact. at the same time, it has left pockets of our country and other countries. we seeing some of that money politics playing out today. that is not because globalization is bad. it is because we did not succeed in managing it well. that is where we have to have folks in government and legislation, folks in technology, and others, getting together and think hard about this -- how do we manage the introduction question mark it is easy to talk about job losses but if you look at the cost of those, it is probably something like 10 jobs for life lost. that is a socially unacceptable status quo.

we need to attack that and think about it badly. -- broadly. we are a little bit ahead on the other av sometimes. thank you all for bearing with us. that safety issue. that is something i don't think we have wrapped our minds around. the number of injuries are too hard to imagine. our next speaker is going to get into all of that. she is the top person in the nation on that. won't you all join me in giving a big thank you to chris urmson. [applause] again, i want to thank heidi

king for flying out here from washington, d.c. she is the deputy administrator taskeda and has been with leading up this most important of issues, the safety of all of us, on these roads we have in l.a. and across the nation. responsible for being acting administrator as well. very busy role. very important role. the role of regulation is crucial for protecting the safety of all of us. it is also something we are hearing folks talk about, it is so important to have the federal government lay a roll and coordinate across the country so we do not have conflicting state regulation or laws which make it

even more complicated. we are all eager to hear the update. we're glad to have you back here in los angeles, where he went to college. -- where you went to college. won't you all join me in giving a warm welcome to heidi king? [applause] >> good afternoon. it is difficult for me to find words to describe how happy i him -- i am to be home in california where it right most californians, i fell in love with cars. thank you, techfire, for making me welcome and allowing me to allowingt this plan cars and technology to come together.

mentioned, imb the deputy administrator for the national highway traffic safety administration. we are responsible for saving lives due to traffic collisions. we're responsible for reducing that result from traffic crashes and we're responsible for reducing the economic cost resulting from traffic crashes. automotive crashes took the 7,461 of our friends and neighbors last year. i look this morning at some of the populations of towns in california and it is stunning what we think about the number of people lost in one year to something as simple and necessary to all of our lives as transportation. as many of you know, studies have shown that about 94% of

these collisions result from human error, human mistakes, things like drinking and driving , distracted driving, failure to put on seatbelts, human factors contributing to 94% of the deaths last year. in deaths last year from the prior year was historic. the last two years, we saw a larger increase in traffic deaths than we have seen in my lifetime. i am not young. that is a significant factor. job of deputye administrator, with the burden on my shoulders, on all of our shoulders, to address the

increase in traffic fatalities and to welcome technology that us with economic opportunity can help us reduce the deaths, to bring mobility to more people, to bring back more useful time in our day. i think all of us hate 405 southbound trying to get home. the national highway traffic safety administration has begun the journey through a series of guidance. this past september, nhtsa published a vision for safety. it is a voluntary guidance that asks manufacturers to provide a voluntary self assessment. ,t helps individuals communities, each of us, policymakers, their neighbors in

manufacturing to address 12 safety design features, including cyber security, human machine interface, host crash ads behavior. it has best practices for state and local governments. it is voluntary. individuals involved in the manufacture and preparation of automated driving systems for our roads begin to prepare these assessments and make them available for all of us to understand this journey together. the technology is changing rapidly. communication is a key part to understanding the risks, both the risks that we are going to be reducing but the risk that may emerge. as david mentioned, admits that is a regulatory agency, so why

voluntary guidance? the answer is simple. we thought about analogs and , all ofgy development us having the blessing of watching the internet row -- grow in our lifetime. 2000-2001.k to i was employed as a research technologist. it was part of the old bell labs. this was the software component. days, you and i, if we had a mobile phone, it was a clip phone. if you wanted to tell -- text someone, you had to push the button three times. you did not have much on the way of internet access on your phone. we looked at the emerging

technology in wireless and we saw that 3g, 4g technology was right around the corner and thought, what would our mobile phones become in a world where we had such great technology? so ifgined cameras someone were at my door, i could get a signal on my phone and look at the camera and the who was there -- and see who was there. maybe i could unlock the door from my app. we imagined, and i thought it was a silly idea, we could order take-out food. why would i need an app for that? we imagined there would be refrigerators with a camera inside. all of these things are things that you and i either have in our home or could have.

they are products that have come to market. their products i take for granted. when was a lot we missed talking about what technology would bring. i don't recall any of us understanding the explosion in online commerce we would see, the fact that our shopping would happen on our phone. we did not anticipate the impact associated with being able to text and communicate in real-time with friends in other languages around the world. a text fromo get europe or asia, photographs from my brother in hong kong. we did not anticipate many of the things we take for granted now, the fact our phone is very much a part of our person. i don't carry a wallet. i carry a phone and a credit card.

i know each of you has your own experience with changing technology. what do i take away? i take away that consumer adoption matters. we were thinking about refrigerators with cameras inside and the apps they could order dinner. it is the apps that matter as we come home tired. -- because we come home tired. i know we are to see refrigerators with cameras. matters.adoption they see ways it will improve their lives in ways we do not anticipate. islso learned that foresight not perfect. although we plan and dream what we think would be great, there will be other people who may not be engineers, who may find

creative uses, that we do not yet imagine. it is important to be flexible and to not anticipate that our own forecast are the only answer or the right answer. sa, in issuing the voluntary guidance, we are trying to address those points, by asking for voluntary safety self assessments. create aking to community that offers transparency in developing technology, that allows for consumers to explore and learn how safety is designed and built into autonomous vehicles. how it is a part of our thinking. we would like to open a dialogue between policymakers and the communities that may have varying degrees of enthusiasm for ducting the technology.

consumers, manufacturers sharing best practices. a voluntary self guidance system. one step on this tremendous journey. is ar foresight, guidance flexible approach. it allows us to a ball -- evolve in step with technology. , we will identify emerging technology and its opportunities. we can foresee and anticipate and findre it emerges new ways to mitigate risk and to see the technology deployed safely. it allows us to learn from one another, in a coordinated approach, by fostering a dialogue. david and chris mentioned some

of the promise of developing technologies. we're all excited not to have to sit on traffic -- sit in traffic. we have all been happy to think wouldthe access that ads offer to the elderly and those who have been underserved, particularly in communities in the west, where neighborhoods were designed and built later. opportunity for people who have impairments that prevent them from driving normally to lead lives that allow them to spend more time with loved ones, to work, to play, to be as mobile as anyone else. the economic benefits, the time regained. i will touch for a moment on the environmental benefits.

imagine a world in which cars do not crash into one another. not only are we saving lives, , but imagine the fuel efficiency gains if the cars do not have to be these huge chunks of metal. we can improve human a fish -- fuel efficiency. the benefits are stunning and worth investing in. journeywalked this towards safety and emerging technology in an evolving way, nhtsa remains on duty. voluntaryng for the self assessments. traditionalhave the authority in place. at the same time, we're working on the next round of guidance.

3.0.ll it our guidance we received comments on this guidance and we are reading them now and taking them into account and preparing the next step in the dialogue, assuring a path that is safe but still allows the technology to develop in ways we probably do not understand yet, today. markis happening question -- what is happening? we encourage folks to work on the voluntary safety self assessment. the first one was submitted by waymo. we look forward to seeing more, as manufacturers and developers work on them, we stand ready to help. although the public common. common --h the public

closed,ommentperiod is we look forward to hearing your comments, either public meetings or in writing, or call us. i will be you and working together, dreaming about the future before us, a future in which we do not have to talk fort deaths in a given year people trying to get to work. the promise of safety, the promise of economic gains, makes this exciting future well worth the time and work ahead of us. i look forward to working with all of you and to hearing from you and the exciting years we have in front of us. i could not be more pleased to be in front of you today and .hat -- and at nhtsa

thank you very much. [applause] >> thank you so much. we're so grateful to have someone at the wheel on this important issue. today from the top private sector leader in self driving cars and the top public sector leader in self driving cars. we will hear from a visionary on transportation issues are -- issues. --is councilman mike on an bonin. he has vision for zero deaths and injuries. something that is so important

in this region that is so famous for its car culture. i have had a couple of cases, where i was baked thing -- where i was biking, and i was hit. here in l.a., we have had a tough record and councilman bonin, i admire you so much for your leadership towards leaving us towards a safer tomorrow -- towards leading us towards a safer tomorrow. you have led us into having the mass transit system, which the region deserves. , we are so lucky to have such a visionary mayor and his team and thanks to the

deputy mayor and his team. when you have someone who makes it their mantra -- i'm proud to be a constituent -- and so many tech companies are in his have someonen you who is become the leading expert and visionary in leading l.a. on transportation issues, it is a wonderful thing. won't you join me in giving him a warm welcome? [applause] >> thank you, david. good afternoon, everybody. welcome to los angeles. before you leave, please step outside and get the 360 degree view of this amazing city.

thank you for being here for this conversation. thank you for the introduction as a visionary. i have bad visions and good visions. as a local elected official, i and i look at the decisions we make from a granular level. leveldeal with the local with the promise and the potential of autonomous vehicles, i look at it from the perspective of, not so much technology, but people and places. must,, we must ask ourselves a number of different questions. what will this mean for our streets and neighborhoods and families? what is this going to do a mean for our gathering places and for

our environment? our built environment and our natural environment? how we answer those questions in the decisions we make from those answers, and how we implement what we decide will really make autonomouse whether vehicles are realized or the peril of autonomous vehicles are realized. it is both. it depends on whether we have this technology work for us or we adapt to this technology. we have done technology and transportation in the past and this city is a glaring example of that. when the great revolution of the internal combustion engine came about, we decimated some of our communities in order to accommodate the automobile.

we destroyed many of our public gathering places to make room whichur lanes of traffic were in previously quiet neighborhoods. we built a interstate freeway system which literally ripped some cities apart and displaced people. a contributed to urban sprawl which has caused so many environmental problems in this country. that is because we let cars dictate what we were going to do. as we wrestle with autonomous vehicles and they're coming we need to make sure that what we do is have them working for us and not us read doing everything we do, the way we live, communicate, interact with each other based on the service of that technology. at the local level, there are four questions that we ask

ourselves. the first is, will self driving cars solve our problems? the answer is, some of them, yes. some of them, no. it will also create additional problems we cannot anticipate. hope that autonomous vehicles will help us get out of gridlock. we're fairly certain that autonomous vehicles will help us be liberated from the frustration of being in gridlock. we can watch a whole season of game of thrones during a long commute to work someday in an autonomous vehicle. we are not absolutely certain yet about what the impact will be on gridlock. the rosy scenario is, because we are not getting into accidents, the cars are self-regulating, they can drive closer together, everything will flow much more smoothly. we also desperately dream for in

los angeles. we also have to worry about the potential for induced demand. moreand more people adding and more vehicles to freeways and streets. will people no longer have the disincentive to drive because they don't have to deal with the frustration of driving? will that add to more sprawl in los angeles? we have the predicted benefit of giving access to seniors and disabled. we have the predicted impact which i certainly hope comes true that we will have much less of a need for parking. takingwe have everybody their own vehicle and not using it as a service, but as a possession, do they go to the acal market and say, you are robot car please keep circling while i am in their? which brings us to the second question. our autonomous vehicles going to be a possession or a service?

is it going to be something where everybody will have their own vehicle. ? i represent wealthy parts of los angeles. are people going to have several vehicles, the party autonomous vehicle, the office autonomous vehicle. or are people going to share these collectively? if the majority of them become possessions we will have more problems than we have now. but if we can adapt the technology to use for us and way it implemented in a that crystal was speculating and hypothesizing and having them be a service and something that is shared use, it will help us solve problems. it will give us that opportunity to free up the parking space. to create affordable housing. to create micro-businesses or neighborhood serving retail. more places where we can gather like they do in latin america where every three feet people

are gathering together in this wonderful communal place. that is what our parking could be. here in los angeles county we have 200 square miles of parking. 200 square miles. shared use mobility as a service, that stuff that can be repurposed. if we use autonomous vehicles and this technology to provide a service and a shared use way we have the ability to help address one of the most pressing problems and los angeles. that is the incredible inequity between neighborhoods between subgroups of los angeles and income. i serve on the metro board. most of the people who use the metro, two thirds of them live in poverty. two thirds of them live in poverty. they cannot afford a vehicle. shared have access to use mobility, autonomous vehicles that are shared use, there lies can change.

right now you can change -- their lives can change. right now you can get to 12 times as many jobs by an individual car then you can buy mass transit in los angeles. shared use mobility if automated can help us address that. it also gives us the opportunity to shift how we think about the city we live in and the roads we drive on. right now everything is geared toward the driver. we have signs on our streets that are indicating how people should go when they go. that is relevant to the driver, not to the passenger. everything is set up from the mentality of the driver. the speed of the road, everything. if we begin to think of things from the perspective of the passenger or the nearby pedestrian or the nearby cyclist, then we have a different and holistic way of

looking at what happens in cities. who pays? who will pay for the implementation of this technology? and theis done right, vehicles are sharing the data with cities and vice versa, there will have to be a significant investment in technology. we will have to do a lot more than we are doing out. that is something that will have all sorts of untold benefits from all aspects of society but it is an investment we need to make. our roads will be used and designed differently and we have to reconfigure them and address who will be paying for those changes as well. a not inconsiderable thing for cities like los angeles is, if the rosy scenario comes true and we eliminate tons of parking, and we do hope that happens, we will have a deep hole in our budget. cities rely on parking revenue.

private tickets, people paying at meters, we get a lot of revenue also from moving violations. in ourll be a big hole city budgets and how we're going to deal with that. when of the things we may wind we have aif proliferation of vehicles as a result of autonomous vehicles and some are shared use mobility and some are people having their own possessions, this may be the kind of thing that in los angeles it puts us in the tipping point of congestion pricing. we are allowing vehicles with lots of people into the central core and maybe telling people who are driving with single occupancy, they have to pay extra if you want to come in there. the other question is, who makes the rules? i was very encouraged to do the focus on safety from heidi. it is so important. we have an epidemic of death in los angeles, leading cause of

death for children under the age of 14 and los angeles county are traffic fatalities. the people who tend to get killed our seniors, kids, disabled. people from lower income communities and immigrants. this is a huge opportunity to address the problem. if local governments are denied the ability to make their own ofes and govern the use autonomous vehicles we will have a lot of problems. we are the ones who send fire department officials, paramedics, police officers out to respond. we have to design the roads. we do planning and land use around streets that will make mobility succeed or fail. we need to have a role in the rules. notd seemed eager for having a different collection of rules from municipality to

municipality but there is a real value in us having that, as this technology rolls out. the title of this is the self driving car revolution. after revolution, you need a constitution. some revolutions work out well. hours worked out well for 240 years until about one year ago. [laughter] no offense. [laughter] the french revolution did not work out so well. the russian revolution and work out so well. we have to be very careful about how we implement things. our needs and los angeles are different than fresno or topeka or new york or boston. historically the rules for transportation have had much more of a prism and mindset to them for suburban communities than for urban communities. los angeles is a place on the

cusp of a transportation transformation. we are really trying to prepare ourselves for the new world of autonomous vehicles. and for a multimodal type of city. in losow what we have angeles, i imagine almost everyone in this room is an advocate of net neutrality. we want every service provider, every service to be able to have equal access to the internet and for us to have equal access at an equal speed. what we have done in los angeles is, we have designed a system that we do not have mobility neutrality in los angeles. we have one service provider we exalt above all others. the automobile. if we do not approach autonomous vehicles as if these added to a multimodal future, and we continue to use it as an opportunity to exalt the single

occupancy vehicle, we will continue down a road that will lead us to more induced demand and inevitable gridlock. key toous vehicles are a getting us out of gridlock. we absolutely have to do it right. the way in los angeles we hope to do it and we are to do it, we are investing in a system that relies on connectivity. we and the automobiles will communicate with each other. we will get crash data from them and they will get traffic data from us and we will share information back and forth. we are banking on this being a shared use opportunity. this is value added to mobility systems by getting people to not be in single occupancy vehicles. we are desperately hoping to be electric system so we can reduce emissions and los angeles

-- in the los angeles further. those are three underpinnings of what we are trying to do, connect, share, electric. in order to facilitate that we have approved our vision zero document to eliminate fatalities, are our mobility l.a.and our urban mobility plan, which sets us up to prepare for this and to prepare for shared use of all types of mobility. bike share. we have launched the first in the nation, shared electric vehicle car sharer that is being targeted specifically for piloting in low income communities to help us address equity. it will be a john. it will be a contest for us between cultures. a war between the car culture and the innovation culture.

if we continue to worship single occupancy vehicles we are screwed. if we allow our innovative spirit to be unleashed and we allow that to lead us into a connected shared use mobility system we will be much better off. innovation on winning in los angeles. thank you everyone for being here. [applause] >> deny tell you he was a visionary? thank you -- didn't i tell you he was a visionary? thank you. we are lucky to have someone in a late thinking about these issues. it is important when you have the right people leading the way that you have the regulatory or lawmaking power. we want to make sure interests are looked out for and this is not something we are doing just for the sake of corporate profits or anything. ultimately forng all of us to trust our

government to regulate safety. to councilman mike bonin for putting these into action. on the federal level clearly we need safety considerations and everything else to be in place. i want to write now, take a to, take a want moment to go to northern california for our next speaker. the executive director for the transportation authority, they are one of 10 federally designated proving grounds for autonomous vehicles in the nation. the facility has been used by quite a few of the major automakers already. they also have some other interesting projects in the works. i will let him come up here and share slides with you on the

screen. give him a warm welcome. randy. [applause] i am savoring the moment. i don't get invited to l.a. very often. , im from northern california work for the transportation authority for almost eight years now. i wanted to give you an overview of what we are doing to try to innovate mobility or redefine mobility. world, ii go in the promised our board i would tell you about who we are and what we do. we manage a multibillion-dollar suite of products and programs with a staff of 20. when people asked quite often, why do you have a test? at 140ure congestion different intersections because

we want to make sure our investments are paying dividends. i will talk to but the planning process as well. there we are, northern california, we are one of nine bay area counties. we use sales tax to fund transportation. people, 34 in the union, behind rhode island. we have a diverse population. these are some of the things we do so in the board asks you, that is what we do. on construction, we manage the planning, environmental clearance and design and the construction on the state highway system and interstate system in the county. we also fund a number of different initiatives in cost accounting. county.osta we have a bus pass program for underprivileged kids.

we fund local streets and roads, potholes, our constituents don't like potholes. we fund bart. we want kids to get to school. we want them to bicycle to school, walk to school. we have a suite of different strategies. it is not just build, build, build. we are trying to manage our way out of congestion. on wall street so we sell taxes and municipal bonds on wall street to accelerate our construction program. 25 years of construction in 10 years. fromon't get any benefits us talking, you gain benefits when we build. we are also a very lean organization. our last bond sale, $100 million, good interest rates out there.

as was mentioned before, innovative election officials are pretty cool. , leveraging technology to reduce the cost of services provided to citizens. what we did is we went back and want to remind voters why transportation is important. ports,were formed around river ports, oceanport. why? goods, people. it is important to remind the voters about the things we maintain and operate. we're going to build and interstate system and it will be a defense to a. it opened up the midwest -- it will be a defense tool. it opened up the midwest.

it was a fantastic era for highway building in the united eights. -- the united states. 3.0, a connected city, they are excited about this. costa county, if we could place a transportation system within that connectivity, we would get 5.0. the reason we skipped 4.0? i love hawaii 5.0. [laughter] technology is coming our way and has a lot of promise. widespread connectivity. we are excited about 5g. we are excited about dedicated short-range communication, 5.9 gigahertz for safety measures. there have been political issues in washington but we are still pushing that the ago, infrastructure communication hopefully with five g technology. i want to add that for the

deputy administrator's perspective. imagine a day when your city divides -- provides you with better information to make better decision. that is what we want to do. these are the schematics. smart energy. imagine the grid tells you before it goes out. smart buildings. out.systems will go why autonomous vehicles? over and over, less congestion. 50% of the congestion in california is not recurrent. they are special events. weather. accidents. the system will get more efficient if cars refused to crash. air quality was mentioned. i have a slide on increased accessibility.

we throw that in. true. to be you are all safe drivers so i appreciate that. increasest percentage of the vitality rate -- of the fatality rate is bicycles and pedestrians. we asking people to walk and bicycle for their health and yet the fatality rate is going up. we need to do something about that. we need to protect the bicyclists and pedestrians. a study was done by the texas institute, an autonomous vehicle carrying four passengers versus a single occupancy vehicle doing three trips a day. it gets rid of 9.4 vehicles. you will get less congestion. if the regulatory environment is correct you will get a better -- less congestion and better air quality.

we are bullish on that. on that, studies show if you don't have accessibility to mobility, your outlook for economic vitality is not too good. we are trying to get to the underserved with this technology. the handicapped, old people like me that can't walk as far as fast anymore. we're changing the way we plan the future. if you think in terms of your long-range transportation plans, generate 30 your plans, 25 years. if you model the future and look 9% population growth, you have a problem. we have broken this into subregions. her,irectors here, i asked we change the way we gather information from the public. when we have a public hearing here, you get 20 people, 10 consultants and 10 people angry

at you. you don't get a lot of good information. what she did, she used social media. websites, sheook, gave an allocation of cost accordance and you got to choose, we went out to a telephone town hall. i will run for governor normally, i'm not but let's say i was. i would call one million people. this is my message, please vote for me on november 2. we inverted that. we robo called 15,000 people in the subregions of our county and we asked them to tune in and call in on a friday evening at 5:00 and we will answer questions live. through that process we got more comments in this one cycle than the previous 25 years combined. we did polling questions. we knew this already but voters don't like red lights or

potholes. the fourth thing was interesting. we want to use transit but we can't get there. the last mile issue. we think we have a solution. i will not give you the number we used. we are increasing the standard. by 2040, your roadways will be more efficient. you want to make sure you are investing your dollars correctly. that is what we are doing. changing the way we model the future on capacity. i use columbus day. how many of you get that they off? i do. the couple of us. three. even though just three of us get the day off, a small percentage, they don't go to work the same day you do. columbus day. we're also modeling greenhouse gas reduction. 2040, 58% county by

turnover to get to the 80% reduction by 2050. what are we doing about that? vehicles, a master plan, a grid of electrical vehicle charging stations. otherwise, no matter how many cars we have there won't be enough infrastructure to support it. imagine trucks on the outside 12 foot, now you have three eights. you're just increased capacity. the cars stay centered. we are trying to use the outside shoulder for buses to keep the buses on schedule to make them more reliable, more it lovable for the commuters. so there on time. we're also wearing about

bicycles and pedestrians, making sure streets are safe. ago, one of our board she wroteusan, , shebly bill 1592 which said randy, you need to go and figure out a way to create smart jobs. i took a ride to the naval acres, this0 facility is about seven miles by 1.5 miles wide. we have a permit from the u.s. renovation," --

what you see in the bottom part. let's see if i can do this. mile long roads bisected with roads, four-way stops, lights, intersections. re.das are testing the sensors are looking at the color. buildings, trees, fire hydrants. perfect place for testing. the reason why we created it? smart jobs. we wanted to bring them from silicon valley. we want cars that will refuse to crash and the more efficient system. safety is our top priority and a healthy environment, those were mentioned before. thank you to the u.s. dod for naming us -- thank you to the

usdot. we have agreements with other countries. we just signed a four country agreement to look at shared autonomous vehicles. singapore, australia, new costa., contra that was a joke. [laughter] what sets that apart is the pavement is old. if you want to test your vehicles, sensors sometimes get for because weeds are coming up to the pavement. we have two mold the testbed. the striking is not that good. the condition is not a good. -- the condition is not that good. the contracts can be brought up to standard easily but it is difficult for a contractor to build a road like this. we have two 1400 foot long

tunnels under state route four. steel arch tunnels. you lose sensors. under you might have that somewhere where you're driving your vehicle. ,kip testing, smart parking your existing parking structures will get more efficient. at walnut creek and concord, you may have to go to michigan to test those because it does snow 10 months out of the year in michigan. [laughter] these are testing partners. we have aaa. we love southern california as well. .ust want to say that to roll out 50

electric cars, guaranteed on demand services. we are about 30,000 truck driver shorter your and trooper freight is trusting. baidu and toyota research will test their ai as well. vehicleshe shared project. we are little heavy, but we are under the 2500 production averaged per year. we are testing it at mission ranch and we are -- bishop branch and we are looking to operate on public streets. stantec is our strategic consultant and we also have easy mile as the technology mission branch could they think this is the future. businessities open for

so five of our cities have endorsed proclamations. come to contra costa to tessera technologies. .- test your technologies i'm asking either to be in san ramon. thank you very much for your kind attention. [applause] well, thank you very much. for startups and l.a. that need a spot to test yourself driving vehicles, we have a good spot in mind and there are companies in southern california that are attending. julie's company was acquired by gm. southern california is already a part of this scene. we may not have our own testing ground quite yet so we know where to go and we are ready.

i would like to take a moment now to have us all just up back and we have really gotten into the granular here. we have explored different aspects from how this revolution has been done technologically and what the regulatory and safety considerations are, but and tax areel and ta and the transportation policy are. i want to step back and think really big picture. how is this revolution going to transform society for the better? what are the problems we haven't talked about yet as well. ? who like me had already watched the ted talk? over a million people have and i think it's a response that people are waking up automakers several years ago and how this revolution is coming. today we are extremely lucky to have him joining us.

in our talkspoke series and he's one of our favorite speakers that we've ever had. he is the former president of the r&d to his work now advising clients and companies from general motors to probably once that he can talk about. he's been on the advisory boards for national security agency and strategic command and just about every other agency out there as well. fast company named him one of people inreative business and we are so lucky to have him be a part of the business community here in southern california, bringing acrossights to bear all the world. today he's giving his insights to all us. please give us a warm welcome to

.raham >> is a pleasure to be here to terrorize you today. it's a little like deja vu evangelizing about this stuff. i remember my first job in this in the late 1990's was trying to get executives at companies that i was at such as disney in the community to take seriously this thing called the internet because believe it or not it might have some value to the entertainment industry. that it suffice to say was a little like imagining yourself on a cold december day chart to get to the right brothers that frequent flyer miles where the secret to their industry. their focus was getting a tomato soup camp to function as a

carburetor. that is where this notion -- and i say notion because it isn't an industry yet, but it is now. it is changing. as chris pointed out, executives are going from don't care, not my career lifetime, which is generally the way executives look often at things, especially in public companies, to biblical and iing is happening will need to incorporate this at some point and where are we going to get the talent to do it? it's an interesting challenge because this is the first fundamental change in the utomobile in 100 years and it affects everything, especially because our cities are designed for automobiles. our lives are designed for automobiles. our work habits are designed for automobiles.

many of the speakers have talked about this, but it's traditionally lonely to get people to be serious about things which they think are far enough in the future that it doesn't affect their lives. i like to talk about that -- what's the good news and what's the bad news? interesting transition for the automotive companies is the heart and soul of automobiles for 100 years has been the driveline. it has been the engine and how you get power through the driveline down to the wheels down to the road and then performance and how the car handles. i remember one of the many faux pas as i committed international when i was in a company in germany and talking to them about how i wanted to put the electric power plant in an eight wheel vehicle for special application. you could see the look on the face pointing out that one of the early employers was rudolph diesel and they invented the

diesel engine and they're not interested in continuing the conversation. of are sort of the product who you tend to hiring a company's that agree with you because the others are annoying. all those companies end up being a product of thinking the same. the future of the automotive industry and i know a lot of friends talked a number years ago is software and not drive train. they are completely unprepared for that. it has the most moving parts. it is the hardest to test. find talentrdest to to be able to develop and it's the hardest integrate in a way that doesn't make you crazy at the same time it's trying to keep you alive. i think you have to think carefully about what we are trying for in cars. i don't think the future of cars is about multiple people. i think that's a feature of

cars. it's not a black and white future. personal empowerment has always been a portion of what cars are and you may want to get from one place to another without having a bunch of people with you. there's going to be a driver in the future and we have to accommodate that. we cannot take a monochromatic view of the future. those of you who have th had the unpleasant experience of taking the car keys from one of your aging parents understands the feeling of disempowerment that creates, let alone disability getting older. i think also about its nice if you can watch a movie and a car and so forth. it's that you cannot waste minutes, hours, days, years of your life that you never going back that's not a significant factor. about 15 minutes before you drop dead, it takes on a whole new

meaning and we develop technologies and institutions like hospitals that such a two time for money. they will give you more time in exchange for money. and as we think about this, we have to think about it not just but at aingle driver level of societies and cities and how they work and function. electric vehicles are syrian mission. this is nonsense. they are remote emission vehicles. the electricity is just a way of storing energy just as hydrocarbon fuels are a way of using energy. somewhere you have to make it. whether you're making it with nukes or solar, what is it take you to make the solar cells? did you make them was solar energy? the answer is no. the stuff is complicated. when you look for easy

solutions for complex problems, you end up in a different place. the challenge is significant because this is really important stuff. getting this whole self driving thing more right than not -- and self driving is a terrible name. it's not just about self driving fo . i happen to like driving and i think it's fun to drive, but i don't think it's fun to sit in traffic. and i would like to do while i texted. part of the challenge is having flexibility in empowering people's lives and understanding that cars are not just about basic transportation. they are about passion. they are about self-image. if you ignore those things, you are going to have a hard problem here because that's the way the community is feeling. many young kids, millennials don't feel that way and they think it's about transportation, which is why big automakers are

thinking about transportation services as one part of their future or perhaps their entire future. i look at the idea that if cars can't crash, that doesn't mean they can't be crashed into. this nirvana that cars will never crash is nonsense. but if they crash in order of magnitude less, that's really important and within our grasp to think about achieving. on one level, that says i can make the car lighter to make it more efficient. maybe i can make a drive and 90 miles per hour with 10 feet in front of them and one drafting another. getting the intensity up on the roads. the grudges.t we think we need to design autonomous parking garages that have four inches

between the vehicles and act solid so you get six times the number of cars in the same spot. there is no simple way of looking at complex systems that's meaningful. all we can do is the best we can and not wait until legally ask ourselves all those questions and move forward. we are in a feeding frenzy at the moment where everybody is interested in moving forward so quickly, but they're not necessarily asking the right questions. that's life. that's the way it's going to be. the good news is the technologies will be extraordinary and how they impact things. we start by talking about need and the needs of society and transportation. what about desire. ? our lives are not just based on need but on desire. having a a kid we were

conversation, but he was thinking about having a family and got married. we were talking about what car he was going to buy. he said, well, we're probably going to have kids and this is when minivans just started out. the fuel economy is important. he took all those things together and left to his own devices, which he was, he bought a porsche, a perfect family car. desire usually wins. why does one spent $1000 for a cell phone when one for free will do what you need? because you desire it. desire has always been a part of civilization and it will continue to be so. by the way, this revolution has been powered by it, too. gn you do not have to desi safe powerful objects and you can go back to design beautiful

cars because you can make them curvy and do a whole bunch of cars weall the plastic look at the say, why don't they make them anymore? because we don't know how to make them safe. all of a sudden now we do. when we are thinking about this, the empowerment of autonomy is not just going to be about saving lives, which is critically important. at the same time, let's have some societal context. in the same year we lose 50,000 allergies and lives from smoking. point where i do have a point is we have to look at society and technology at a systems level. these things are all interconnected. you can't solve the problem for one narrow element. can, but you'll get a less desirable result.

if you look at some of the great accomplishments of these countries, it has been the system engineering and design. it is what got us to the moon. to do at di got us whole bunch of things. the future of intelligent cities is looking at them as a system and self driving cars rss so some -- ra subsystem. you do not have to put all sensors in the vehicles because the sensors will be shared across a whole variety of systems and services as will communications. is this a perfect nirvana moving forward? we talked about the impact on changing cities and that's great. sometimes the problems will be things we intentionally put in the vehicles because we think it makes them safer. probably won'tu be able to run you over.

at the same time, if you are on a street on a dark night and someone is tried to robbi you and the way they do is have your friend stand in front of you while they rob you, you probably don't think that's a great feature as instead of being in the car and drive it yourself to get out of harm's way. are these problems solvable? they absolutely are, but their complicated. i would look at the human dimension with the passion, the art, the beauty, the design that has brought us to where we are. the cities that have evolved as a result of passion, sometimes as a result of economics, but the best -- and this is a wonderful city. this is a great city. i've lived here for 25 years. i enjoy it. i think it's awesome. apt view of the american city of the future with

cultural diversity and all forms of diversity. i think this is an exciting place to see these things develop. the challenge though is not to take a monochromatic view. it's not just about mass transportation. now will personal cars be where we see autonomy happening first? i doubt it. i think it will be about transportation and about taxis and buses. think about a trip. uck. is a very big high energy system. imagine 80,000 pounds traveling at 80 miles per hour and it has significant impacts. you need to be thoughtful about that and understand the kind of damage that system could do if it behaves badly. are they solvable, of course they are solvable. in my view, there are two kinds of people in the world -- people that think there are two kinds

of people and people who don't. [laughter] bran: there really are two kinds of people that are driving this revolution. on the one side, there are requirements people. their view is that we have to set out a set of rules, regulations, requirements that will establish the roadmap forward and then we will all follow those and we will reach an optimal solution. business, we have these kinds of people. in industry, we have these cuts of people. the notion is let's get together and talk to the customer and let's gather information. let's research what other people have been doing. develop a set of requirements. requirements of organizations tend to be metric oriented so let's set some metrics by the way we will evaluate our progress. by the way, you continue to evolve this forward.

you generate something, produce it, and launch it into the world and wait to see if it's a success. requirements, organizations give high points for freezing requirements early because the terms of our requirements creep when you allow things to change over time and they make things expensive. you kind of punish that behavior changing requirements all the time. thatnd up with something you take a long time to do it because these organizations tend to be risk-averse and want to be sure they get it right and have a process in place. that's how 90% of the world works and most of the automotive industry works in most of the aerospace industry works and how all government works. the other process, which i would call big idea people process, which basically says i just have a vision for the future and i'm going to do it and try to stop me.

in the film business, which i came from, it's a big idea business. you don't go to the audience and ask them what kind of movie they would like to see? people do that every so often. a bean counter arrives on the scene and says let's go find out what were the highest grossing films of all time? what do they have in common? people, leonardo dicaprio, so we know the things that are there -- special effects and all that. great. go ask the audience what they want to see. what do you want in a phone? how many expert blackberry users think would've said take away all the keys, make sure the battery isn't interchangeable, and what i really want is apps. [laughter] and you say whether apps? and they say i have no idea, but i'm going to be desperate for them. shouldthem so badly you

build a store into the device that i don't even have to go somewhere. you don't get a lot of people who you ask because you're not going to get by asking a lot of people who are the users and designers of current vehicles where the future of vehicles are. the way decent happen is that you pick people with a track record of succeeding. you back them. it's just like a movie. you have a director. it's the directors movie and they have the ability to attract everyday talent and put it out there and if it's a hit, it works. this talent knows a lot about big ideas thinking. since i vented a lot of this in the past including tribes of the aerospace industry, the entertainment industry, the gaming industry, etc., on the ability to do big ideas and thinking. the guy whose name was on the door at my earlier job was walt disney.

walt disney did a pretty good job of inventing a future that nobody had anticipated and seen and created an entire industry. i would put forth to you that to succeed at this vision of self-driving car's -- and i'm humbled by the people assembled here together at the great event , but we actually need to do big idea thinking because you can't do this incrementally. you have to dream about this in the future and how it will change people's lives and how it will instill passion. it will be about how it's going to be about how will this change our lives? and at the same time, you're going to need a very requirements driven process for the regulatory and manufacturing and to ensure quality. big idea people are on the side of the room and regulatory people are on the side of the room. these people hate each other. it's as simple as that. [laughter]

thinkquirements people the big idea people are babies, unrealistic, overpaid, dress funny. there's an endless number of things, but basically they should be trusted with any important jobs. suffice to say the big idea people think the requirements people drain the light force out of the room by showing up. they don't even have to say a word. i put forth to you that we need to get both working together. it's starting to happen but not enough. there are still separate groups with the visionary plan here in an unrealistic way to do it. the timell be dead by the third draft of that requirements document is written. if we get the two working together, and one of the things that's great about california is that it has groups of skill sets together and works with detroit and other areas.

a process in place where there is mutual respect, so why would they do this? people who have a different dna and the way they think about the world? simple -- because they will both fail if they don't. once you get scared enough to realize that your future depends upon collaborating with people who have a different way of thinking about the world than you do, then you have the basis to move forward. thats exciting to me is it's starting to happen now, which is a good sign for the future of self driving cars. weekend with my perfect eight-year-old daughter ond we were driving out daddy daughter day depending on who you ask to get pizza, which is our usual ritual. coming back sitting in the car, i said, sweetheart, would you like me to teach you how to drive and what all these controls to? she's like what is that?

she said, no, that's ok that. i understand how to do all that. i just have to wait for my feet to reach the pedals, . apparently she is ready without any further input. daughter getsmy in her first car, i sure hope it's an autonomous car with backup safety systems that know how to keep her safe, keep her where she should be driving and not get lost, have her not get herself in trouble i traffic accidents or by texting or by any of the new technological marvels that will, had that will distract people's attention. thinking about self driving is the wrong way to think about it. you have to think about it as if you are in a car with an intelligent partner and this partner is very aware and a very sensate partner. knowledgeencyclopedic of the world and everything around. they know you and they know your

desires. and know your capabilities where you're getting yourself into trouble and how to backpedal. they are your partner. you can ignore them and say partner, with sit in the seat and we will have a drive in the mountains and have a wonderful time with our daughters as we always have in the past, or it's going to do it for you because you just had a long day at work or you want to text or whatever combination. when it sees a hazard coming that you don't, it will take control and save your life and it will save my daughter's life and her friends life in a way that you can only dream of now. -80 years away. if the people agree to talk to each other and came up with a common process with mutual respect to get up ways of thinking to work together, i would argue it will be ready by the time my daughter's legs are long enough to reach the pedals. thank you so much for listening. [applause]

david: thank you so much, bran. i think we can all agree that the foundation was right when it shows the last year. bezos, truly a visionary, so honored to have you bring it home for us today. thank you all so much for coming. those in the room, thank you all. on c-span atg home, i hope. you come away inspired by our speakers we are so grateful to all them for flying in or joining us locally. we're so grateful to have all of you here as well and i hope those in the room will enjoy the reception that will follow downstairs and a chance to reflect on what we learned today and work together as bran said. i just want to encourage those

of you watching as well to check aboutch fire.co to learn more upcoming events. we have an exciting initiative for self driving cars that we will be announcing later on so stay tuned. it's a secret for now. we just hope that all of us can come away ready to lead our cities and our nation tour this revolution in a safeway and a smart way. that isngs the benefits also mindful of the challenges and leads us ahead to a better tomorrow, so thank you all for being here and thank you again to all of our speakers. how about one more applause? [applause]

>> tonight, a leading figure of the seceder movement of the 1970's reviews his life and career. he talked about his time being imprisoned by the kgb. here is a look. they used to speak about the easiest years in prison. there you have physical hardships. life, it is aral , it's so easy to keep your integrity. all you have to do is keep saying no to the kgb. we have a very demanding religion.

613 commandments. yourself --to feel for for yourself, you have to fulfill 613. in prison, everything comes to one thing. you say no to the kgb, that's it. your obligations to your wife, to your family, your country, your people, your history, mankind, you did it already. there are some discomforts that they put you through, punishing hunger, it's all physical. [indiscernible] speaking my mind freely.

the only thing that truly belongs to me is my inner freedom. that's the only thing we should have to keep. i am not responsible for the earth around me, they can do whatever they want to my body. >> that was part of an event held at hunter college in new york city. see it tonight starting at 8:00 eastern on c-span. after that, more about russia, with remarks from anatoly antonov. he spoke about election interference, the syrian civil war, north korea, and relations between russia and the united states. he spoke at the world affairs council of northern california. it gets underway at 9:00 eastern on c-span. we have a team of 262 employees bringing the c-span networks to you. .hanks for watching

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>> thanks for watching. >>, the discussion on the legacy of former president bill clinton.