a sunday on c-span's q and a, theoretical physicist talks about his career in science and his latest book, the future of humanity. >> [indiscernible] we are different. we have self-awareness. we can see the future. we plot, scheme, plan. we are going to evade this conundrum and survive, that we need an insurance policy. that is why this book is different than other books. about thebooks talk steps, but what is the goal? >> sunday night at 8:00 eastern on c-span. inday morning we are live oyster, idaho, the next stop on the sea sand -- c-span capitals

to her. beginning at 9:30 a.m. eastern. fellow atrber is a author of an upcoming book on the gaza strip. he talks about his experiences in the region, families and the gaza strip, and the israeli -palestinian conflict. this is one hour 15 minutes. >> thank you all for coming. i have been told by my staff

that i need to promote the books in the back. we brought some very interesting books about gaza and about palestine in general. but, today is about gaza. gaza has been back in the headlines lately, as you know. there are a lot of demonstrations going on right now along the border with israel. also in the west bank. should we be surprised? no. i think all of us know very well the answer is no. we have been negotiating with israel for the last 26 years. the refugees have been waiting 70 years for some type of

justice. palestine and gaza are frustrated with the slow pace. the young people that are participating in demonstrations have already lived through four major conflicts. the young children who are like 10 years old have lived through three of those. restrictions on the movement of people and goods did not start with the takeover of gaza, the de facto government in gaza. it actually started in 1993. gazaestrictions imposed on as israel finished the

checkpoint systems. it has only gotten worse over , with a brief relief for three months in 2005. gaza has been almost under total closure since 2007. the unemployment rate today is that 45%. the electricity available is only four hours per day. it affects the sewage system, the water treatment system, the education system. but all of these are just numbers and statistics, but they do reflect the reality of life in gaza. people are represented in these statistics. today i have the pleasure of welcoming dr. brian barber.

fellow at is a senior the institute of qualifying studies. emerituso a professor in child and family studies. he is also the editor of the 2009 oxford university press volume. he is regularly published also. he has a forthcoming book which unfortunately is not out yet, but coming soon. we are looking very much forward to reading it. he is here today to tell us

about his experience over the past 23 years visiting with the people in gaza. so, brian, i welcome you to the podium. [applause] >> thank you kindly julie for that introduction. thank you all for taking the time to meet with me today. thank you also to the jerusalem fund and the palestine center for hosting this talk. i can talk about gaza four days, and would even the chance, but in the 40 minutes or so i have today i will do my best to

communicate some of the essence of gaza and its people as i have come to know them over the past decades. clarification, the term gaza is used in at least two ways. first, to refer to the gaza strip as a whole. second, gaza city itself is referred to as gaza. for our purpose today gaza means strip.ire what i have to say today applies equally well to palestinians in the west strip. bank and east jerusalem, where i also have had considerable experience, but my focus today is on gaza. the time now to explain how or why this

upper-middle-class white wasp ended up in gaza in the first place in 1995, a place i had literally no interest in you. i'm a social psychologist by training, interested primarily .n youth around the world as for gaza might interest encompasses several questions. why, how, and what degree did palestinian youth participate in proportions never before seen or matched. upwards of 80% of young men and 50% of women.

how that experience has shaped their lives, and how they have made live work for themselves over the decade. my colleagues and i have published the results of several studies in top academic journals. we believe you made a mark on a variety of key issues, including resilience, well-being, mental suffering, social suffering, and activism. as rigorous as the research has those writings cannot give you a real feel for this unique place and its people. most of you will never go to gaza. my soul will go there today accordingly as to take you there. i will attempt that was several mechanisms including photos,

videos, narrative, and first. my hope is that you will come away knowing gaza and its people that are than before. one overall lesson we have learned about studying palestinian's is how crucially context matters to human thinking, feeling, and behavior. , its story like gaza cannot be told without attention to its environments. first, some history. you may not know how crucial gaza has been over the millennia. here's a short list of luminaries that it had presence in gaza.

gaza was the chief center of the frankincense trade as early as 500 bc, as well as the commercial center for many other products. it was famed for its theaters and school of rhetoric, which was at the time the basis of all higher education. so important was gaza in roman times that it had its own calendar. its strategic location between asia and africa has made it a coveted linchpin for military conquests across the millennia. the record makes clear that unlike other cities in the region, gaza has been unusually defiant. alexander the great lost 10,000 men taking gaza.

napoleon was injured in his assault on the city. for a sense of gaza's boundaries and the notations, here are some renditions. you will note that these are dated after 2011 and have not been updated since. the largest change will be a significant widening on the eastern boarder after the 2014 war.

we have added the fencing, the crossings, two of which are pedestrian. this would be the stones as of as of 2011. here is another rendition. with that brief background i would like now to take you inside gaza the at video clips i made during the recent trip. i shot the video from the front seat of my taxi so you feel literally what it would be like if you went today.

at the end of the presentation i will give you the link to my blog where i am posting the videos. the two videos i will show now are compilations spliced together from dozens of longer videos i made. gazadeo editor in literally worked to this past night to complete them. the first clip chronicles the entry into the strip at the northern crossing from israel. one enters gaza only with advance permission from israeli military.

the video picks up at that point, taking you through the rest of the distance before reaching gaza proper. this is approaching from the north. and the old days when i went earlier there was no such terminal. , showing just cross your passport at a rudimentary checkpoint. andwe went to the terminal .e are back at the iron gate,

now i am on a motorized vehicle which is polling a baggage cart. the blaringuld be noise of a very loud engine. this is what is known as no man's land. it is long as you can see. we are coming to the end where we will be at the palestinian authority checkpoint. then you take a cab from the

.heckpoint this next video is longer and gives you a whirlwind tour of the strip. it begins with the trip from the last checkpoint into gaza toelf, then it moves north cover the northern territory. then we will move south from gaza city on the beach road.

we will continue south along the main road from the middle area of gaza to the southern area. then down to the southernmost cap. back up the main road north and finally a trip up the beach road. we just left the crossing area and are traveling.

the sound would be typical ,raffic noise of any main city with some commentary by the taxi driver now and then. now we are ending that journey to the city, approaching the beach. that journey takes about 20 minutes by car. beach, turning south on the beach road. now i have taking you up north. is one of the villages in the northernmost part of the strip. it's actually not a village,

it's a town. imagine the click clacking of the horses, the laughter of the .hildren, the motorcycles this was taken as school let out on that particular day. now, we are at the northernmost the pointaching passed at which we can't go. looking northeast at israel. when the taxi driver felt it was no longer

safe to proceed. we have moved over west and this is a view to one of the wastewater treatment plants. finishing up looking again north, down to the strawberry fields where we were treated with a handful of just picked strawberries.

now, we have moved to another camp entering from the west. this is the largest of the refugee camps now totaling over 100,000 people. this is entry into the camp from another direction. we are up atder, the very northern part of the strip now, north of gaza city itself. these are a series of slides to remind you, just capturing

snippets that i thought relevant . now, we have moved south again. this is the beach road from gaza city south toward the eventual destination today. that day was another refugee

camp. the beach road, you will notice, is quite paved. that is quite new and not quite complete due to the funding. we are further down the beach road at some of the shelters on the beach itself. we are moving progressively toward the middle part of the strip. the strip is typically divided into three sections, north, middle and self -- south. so this is no entry into a

refugee camp. centered --ght clustered in the center of the strip. this is one of them. now, proceeding towards the powerplant, the only powerplant in the strip which is regularly bombed and never operating at full capacity, but nevertheless

critical to the strip. this would be a look at another camp to the right see get a feel for the narrow alleyways of the camp. we obviously could not bring a car into those alleyways, it would not fit and it would otherwise be an appropriate for either myself or the driver to go filming within the camp

proper. these are the fields between the camp and the main road. the main road virtually divides the city into north and south. now, we are east of the main road. this is also east of the refugee camp, one of the other four middle camps. see the distance between

the camp and the eastern no go zone. stop or the cap driver felt no longer comfortable. -- where the cab driver felt no longer comfortable. at from thelooking east -- back from the east. now approaching from the east. now, we are in the central part of the camp. >> what was the temperature? about 70.t was

it will end in just a minute as a pass through the camp. again, you will see the side is areas ofe non-transit the camp. -- side views of the non-transit areas of the camp.

here, we are driving through the camp facing the main road where we turn south towards another areas -- area. i will end it here. complete is now almost from the rafah crossing in the south. it is complete up through gaza city. what is left is the journey from gaza city to the camp. , that is about half the video. i'm going to cut it here. hopefully that was enough to give you a flavor of the diversity of the strip and some of its activities. so now that you have that view, i want to move to highlighting

which ims -- themes, have repeatedly noticed in my years in gaza, insights as it were into the personnel and psychology of gazans. from my very first visit in 1995, a three-day trip to risk -- recruit schools to participate and a survey colleagues and i had done in the i havenk and jerusalem, written the following as a narrative for the book describing that trip. the three days were intense. gaza wasn't shortly a very busy place, but i sensed none of the negative emotion i had anticipated. people were friendly. they seemed normal. and particularly humble. i began to be disappointed with myself.

why had i let myself buy into the hostile characterization constantly offered dependence and press of anger, hatred and violence? and the people all over the world to be good and the poorest of them the most humble and gentle. why would gaza be any different? i should have known better. youth, they seemed to be intensely interested in telling their story. instead of discharging but are nice and anger for their situation, they seemed interested in simply being acknowledged. this became clear and a series of interactions. interaction of a professor. an expression that was inevitably paired with partly veiled entreaties to return. there were the two young boys that approached me on the very first night as i sat alone on a -- outcroppingg

to photograph a gigantic sun into the bluesy. this was my -- blue sea. this was my first encounter. i was a touch where he. -- weary. me.shuffled close to welcome to gaza, they said. we took photos and we talked in their primitive link which scales. don'tleaving, they said forget to send us those photos and thank you for coming to gaza. there was a girl in gaza city who handed a note to me in english that welcomed me to gaza, thanks for visiting her school, hope i would enjoy my visit and finally was that i would come again. there was a class of male youth in a southern camp who sensed i was about to conclude my brief discussion with them, exploded into a delighted ovation, please

come back. not to their school, understood, but to gaza. man at they young back of the classroom stood and respectfully pleaded please go home and tell your people that we are not all terrorists. guide -- unu and guide who just it off as by tenuously turned to me and softly said we are so happy you came to visit us. you are always welcome here. we hope you will come back. it was a discussion with a class of junior college students and another camp in the center of the strip, during which a question was repeated six times verbatim, delay gaza -- do you like gaza? will you ever come back? there has been nothing in the ensuing years that has remedied

the sense of existential insecurity. rather their experiences have only sharpened it as the world continues to look away or only flirts with interest when the blood and body count merit the media craze as in this very week. just three weeks ago, a young man i spoke with an gaza described the triage their there is suffering. we can handle the food, water ratheritation problems, the speech kills us by making us feel subhuman. as you you well know from reports that are easily accessible, the lack of electricity, water and sanitation is now calamitous through the strip. prioritization of feeling to be made subhuman by the occupation and sees was telling the gaza mentality.

the sense of being dealt with as subhuman was pervasive in my early interviews of youth as they referred to the experiences --ing the just ended including verbal abuse, and torture. nothing has changed over the decades that has alleviated the sense of being disrespected and assaults,this week's injuries and assaults only confirmed to gaza and mines -- that their lives are unworthy and talk is cheap. the sense has long historic roots. it began after world war i when britain and france reneged on their promise to the arabs. france taking syria and lebanon and britain taking palestine. palestinians have often felt betrayed by their arab brothers. indeed, one of the triggers was

the failure to even put palestine on the agenda of the europe summit. always an over willing to trust. despite the feeling piece process that was to have begun in 1994 ford to the u.s. was blamed as an architect and patron of israel, clinton costs arrival in 1998 was met with ecstasy. the first u.s. president to come to gaza, finally we have a friend. i saw portraits of clinton and american flags occasionally burned previously, adorning their streets and homes. two days after its departure the gaza, clinton organized bombing of a rock. -- iraq. gazans were dumbfounded, unable to grasp how this new friend of theirs stab them in the back and

so quickly. crucially, gazans have felt betrayed by all of the peace agreements they have consented -- whether by their own leaders or other political groups. -- painful asull hamas.ing between continually punish gazans to pressure hamas to give up control. gazans cannot be understood without an awareness of the the humanization and the trail -- betrayal. with psychology is infused equally important values of intense determination, pride, and i on education and family.

let me try to illustrate those themes. themes. i will excerpt from the book proposal that would certainly not be timed to chronicle the 23 years of the first narratives, so i will rely on mine. they were ordinary youth. they don't even know each other, so large and consuming is life in such a tiny place. collectively, their individual narratives reveal an array of life driving values that will be familiar to all. education,of family, expectations of justice and the role of religion in providing meeting.

all of these all the more enhanced by the oppositions they face. the identical national narrative for freedom, struggle and the three illustrate how and why individuals still make different decisions about how to enact their national devotions and political activism. he is the oldest of nine children, born soft-spoken, cerebral, fiercely determined. his commanding a drive has been a hunger for intellectual development and academic achievement. his early years included independent study of gaza's maker libraries at age 13 to answer for himself the questions of where their this land was his or israel's. positive conclusion, he then joined the popular front for the liberation of palestine, the

political communist party that had the best articulated principles and plans when the fight broke out. present inas ever his leading his team of protesters and also the agony that thenightmares torture of multiple imprisonments. traces him undaunted toward educational goals and narrates his pride and gratification for succeeding through numerous challenges despite the government passing over him for internships after he had completed his ba in english because he was not a member. for which he had suffered so severely, getting him of him

prime source of meaning. this follows him on a phenomenal journey to the united states to get his ma in educational leadership. a year full of upsets of prides over what turned out to be a false positive on his tuberculosis test, of wonder at this massive world that he this covered on this, his first trip out of gaza. place places, israel in -- embraced islam. one time, it was a godly whose unwavering principles he could trust. gaza, he became vice dean eventually. to my distante cousin through a fully traditional marriage arranged by his parents. the book follows his steps or education progressively.

the first three words between hamas and israel were hard to take, but those departments were targeted to specific areas, but not so that the 2014 war the poll right more than 10,000 houses and buildings in every sector of the street leavingto flee. space to flee. callning with the ominous from the israeli commander, your home is targeted for disruption, you have 10 minutes to leave. then, the nightmarish scramble to find a safer places to stay, driving the screaming kids, try to evade the bombs from the sky and the tank shells from the east. what else can we do but move forward has been the saving refrain forever in gaza. displaying his first physical

anxiety, he would pick up and move on. soon enough, another search for postdoc training only to be rebuffed. your pertinence has been revoked. 2017.ory ended in as you look at the cell phones verify the deposit of his salary, it had been cut 55%. of all this,, this would be the one that he would describe as humiliating, having come not from outside, but from his own president. visibly shaken, he would say it seems there is no floor worse in gaza. the oldest son of seven from a , he is anmp easy-going optimistic, but also boisterous, rambunctious outspoken person.

his family is rather more loosely connected to the traditions of culture. he naturally enjoys life, people and animals. as a child he took great delight in his prized chickens, rabbits, goats, sheep and the small courtyard of his home. if you take pride in taking visitors to the ancient cookie factory. he would not comment on the camp'sitter or stench -- litter or stench. his goals are creating social connections. abbreviating. he has great difficulty in school. due to an error by the egyptian tohorities who refused

entertain a, his friends went to college will he stay behind. college,ot into although was important to him or his buddies, his new friends. they passed the final exam in the final year and he didn't. this crushed him. the story follows him minute by coaxed through this catastrophe onto the seven realization he had to pick himself up and guide his life with more responsibility. through gushing tears, poppa, i didn't. i overcame my waywardness. yes my son, you are a real man now. remembered who yet from his accompanying her mother

to the hospital when she was born. they had difficulty having children for five years. finally, he had a surgery which fixed the problem. in the first pregnancy was troubled. the doctor came in and said there was a problem. it is possible that i cannot save both of them, which do you choose? and gratefully, his son was born as well. life was difficult, nevertheless he continued. he got his masters degree in gaza and started a phd program. he also received the ominous of phone call in 2014 that his family decided not to leave, but bunkered themselves in a small room at the center of their apartment, packing themselves on top of each other for 24 hours.

his story also ends with a pessimist. his salary having cut 45%. after a life of trials, it was only now that the first signs of anxiety surfaced. this was a huge slam. his jovial personality was now sobered. he worries about being able to support his family in gaza. the third man was the youngest of four children born in a camp as a discerned individual. his towering height of his own voice that any operatic bass would envy has always communicated an error -- rf of wisdom.- aura of his family was especially poor. he was being weaned on social

talese by his mother's about how they could help the poor live a better life. he is not a fighter. he shied away from the demonstrations of the camp. arrested andheless never spent a torturous weekend a detention. he still do not activate in a sense of joining the physical fighting, but became a leader. atwas equally disappointed the end when his political leaders proved correct. -- corrupt. includes hislso life of a human rights activist in gaza, the leader of one of the main organizations. he was undaunted and criticizing any injustice, which included his own governments.

arrested three times by the palestinian authorities and then by hamas. hamas took him down rather brutally a couple of years ago. he fled to refuge in jordan for six months, time that >> i hope that that look to three individuals tell you more about gaza. i want to end with a different medium. i realized that more than ever before during this last trip there was a soberness and a burden that is understandable

, but the repeated trials was nevertheless heavy and it made me worry about how to express it. that a seriesbout of verses came to my mind. which i will recite to you now. today,r as i know, as of the death toll is above 20 and the injury told is above 2000.

dusty shoes, callused souls, countenances tilt, shoulders shrug. i love gaza. my heart, my home, but it gives no life now. i want back. i want to go to jerusalem to pray, to sightsee, to know israel. to the west bank to see relatives. no, says israel. to cairo for a break. no, says egypt. i want to go just anywhere. no. why not? tell me.

what have i done to deserve this? dusty shoes, callused souls, trudging. darkness hides the horizon past the expanse of the sea. alone, the i am breeze salty, fresh, delicious, calms miners, cools the fire in my mind. quiet at last. don't stop. this is peace, let it last. dusty shoes, callused souls, trudging. war, let it come. i know it will anyway. nothing could be worse than life is now. kill us fast or kill a slow. where is the hope inside? how deep? how long? how long will this go on?

dusty shoes, callused souls, trudging. a good joke. my body convulses and bruxism's of laughter. see there is something still inside, free, unconstrained, for this moment. dusty shoes, callused souls, trudging. such a shame. i'm a professional, a respected leader. friend, were you to save many this month? could you lend me a bit? i am so sorry to ask. such shame. dusty shoes, callused souls, trudging. can i approach the cage that jails me to shake my fist, to scream, to that? dare i throw a stone to protest to do something? pop goes the bullet through my back. humans.

dusty shoes, callused souls, trudging. my children, my god, my children. they make me laugh. make me care. i love them so. there's forever. if you let me live you will not kill my soul. , pride, determination, dignity. i can take it. i will go on. it is my right. would you care? dusty shoes, callused souls, trudging. extra listening. -- thanks for listening. [applause] >> now we will take questions

for brian. i will ask the first question. this is something that i noticed. when you can back this time he seemed to be a little bit more affected by that was happening inside gaza than before. what has changed in the last few years? >> the change has been progressive. events, challenges that have accumulated. was massively disastrous psychologically as well as physically. humiliating.ts so the financial situation almost unbearable. feeling trapped, literally not being able to go anywhere.

profound anda more more serious. i have always been very proud of my ability to talk about the strengths of palestinians, and i will always do that, especially gazans because they will make it. but it is harder now because the burden is so severe, one cannot go away without feeling something of what i try to describe here. >> [indiscernible] i appreciate the efforts you have made to express the

, the intensity of the suffering. is fromion, really, your perspective what would you say people here in the audience and beyond should be thinking change?ying to do to >> it is a difficult one to answer. sometimes it seems rather simple. in my experience traveling the world i have learned that the only thing that really moves and changes a person is to see and feel the circumstance. informr we can do to

those about the realities on the inund will make a difference our various ways we can do that. but short of having some adequate awareness of those circumstances, those who have arer in this world toarently not getting moved make any difference in the region for the positive. so, the challenge is awareness. >> thank you for your remarks today. i am a retired journalist. i worked with many newspapers including the washington post. [indiscernible]

what is it like to be in gaza these days? thank you very much. >> thank you for your suggestion. i will do that. know hamas?you do you have an impression you can share with us about what is as, and what it might

end up meaning for the day things begin to change for the better? of ham know many members as, talk with them at length. i had a long lunch with a family who is loyal to hamas. it is hard to answer the question. and theyut resistance an idea of how best to a, which that. in the end, people are really people. gazans as a whole have never mas more than 30% according to polls. when hamas took over in 2007

afraid.ere people would tell me that they really appreciate what hamas has done for them. what they meant by that was that the awful violence had ended and order had been brought. they could simply go out and walk on the street without feeling like they may be injured.

i do not know what their political structure of thinking. i am certain that the younger leaders are making modifications in their ideas and their approaches. we will see. we will see, in the end, but they are fighting for them at all palestinians are fighting her. -- what all palestinians are fighting for. [indiscernible]

one question that is on my mind right now, is what we are seeing this week with tens of thousands -- few weeks ago what can make up today's protests? -- what can we make of today's protests? i cannot imagine that gazans would crack from the evidence of my decades there watching them progressively more cruel circumstances. there is not one specific

approach. it is true that the older , there is fatigue and maturation. that politics is not going to save them. they have decided to contribute to the cause in different ways. through education, service work, and human rights. that is their contribution to the struggle. what has happened in the last week is actually rather impressive in terms of the fact that there is at least a small collective movement for the first time in a long time to mount some visible protest to the basic conditions.

that is the younger generation, mostly. and we see that here in the park land group from florida. know how long endurable that can be. i know they want to continue through may. but you cannot escape the conditions overall, and those kids want their education, they want the support. we will see how much they calculate is going to be worth the effort. thank you very much for your remarks. they communicated very well a sense of despair and frustration in gaza. i have been to the west bank many times but i have never been to gaza. you have been to both places. i wonder if you can comment on the differences and emotional

state between them. i assume they both are frustrated at the continuing as long israeli occupation. i wondered if you talked little more about their emotional attitudes in terms of common elements and differences. >> there are many common elements. they are single-minded in terms of what justice means. as individuals and as people. but the territories do have different experiences. it is as i tried to ,escribe, constrained, trapped almost hopeless economically, and extreme of the trail by local political leaders. that is true and the other fairns as well, but to be

it is not just gazans who suffer. there is actually in. go research -- there is actually emma. there is actually research that those two groups suffer as azans.r more so than g for the west bank it is the hundreds and hundreds of checkpoints that make life impossible. gazanz do not have that issue anymore. for jerusalem it is all about and the raising of homes, loss of land, and so forth. not prioritize the

suffering in any kind of hierarchy. it is common and different. per region. >> iq for your remarks. thank? for your remarks. rubblele city was in just because there was no concrete to rebuild. same,essentially the because in the video it look like there was some rebuilding going on. how has the differences between

affected the situation now? [indiscernible] >> the largest part of gaza in 2014 was on the eastern boarder were a large percentage of homes were destroyed. but less so in the cities robber. -- proper. in gaza city there were buildings that were targeted. in the east i was not able to film just because of time reasons. there is some progress at rebuilding, but it does still

very much look like you may be remembering. it varies week by week. thinkyou were there i probably electricity was up to six hours a day. it has dipped as low as two hours per day last year. now i think it is generally back to about four hours per day. indication that will change dramatically, of the because b hostility. they are very creative in how to store power.

there are lots of photos of the various devices and systems. to haveat are fortunate a home and appliances are able to pretty much make things work by careful planning, so when race toer comes on you make sure all of your charging devices and storage systems are plugged in. >> as brian said, the people in gaza are very creative. after two thousand 14 people were charging their cell phones on car batteries. thank you very brian, for your presentation.

and all of you for coming today. one thing i would ask in relation to gaza is to keep it at the front of the conversation. isause part of the reason because they are feeling like they are being erased and ignored and are disappearing. we need to remind them that they are not and they are very much front and center in our minds, even as our administration is cutting the funding for the pa, which causes the salary cuts. we need to push back a little bit. it is still an occupied territory.

we cannot forget that. i thank you all for coming, and thank you very much brian for sharing with us your experience. [applause] >> we have articles here from , that brian wrote for the journal of palestine studies. , and it is an excellent article. [background chatter] >> c-span's washington journal, live every day with news and policy issues that impact you. coming up this morning, frederick from the american and these institute brookings institution's michael hansen discussed the future of u.s. education policy.

watch c-span's washington journal live at 7:00 eastern this morning. join the discussion. >> monday on a landmark cases, katz versus the united states. book he was recorded by the fbi while transferring bets. supreme court's decision expanded americans rights to policy -- privacy under the fourth amendment change the way law-enforcement officers conduct their investigations. watch landmark cases on monday and join the conversation.

we have resources on our website for background on each case. >> constitutional law attorney floyd abrams spoke at a symposium exploring first amendment issues considering president trump's treatment of the press. it was cohosted by the university of missouri schools of journalism and law. this is 30 minutes. >> it is my great honor and pleasure to introduce our keynote speaker. this keynote speaker, particularly at this event, needs no introduction.