continues with the 1971 case, the new york times versus the u.s., the case of the publishing of the pentagon papers. and president trump hold a joint news conference with president bukhari followed by the supreme court oral argument in barrera versus sessions in a case regarding immigrant removal statutes. next a look at health care and innovation. the economic club of washington host of john hopkins school of medicine. in the head of the memorial cancer center. . this is just under one hour. >> can i have your attention .lease

can everybody give me your attention please. everybody, please continue eating, that eat very quietly. . televised on c-span so we don't want any extraneous noise. -- rick, thank you very much. and our new member breakfast is next tuesday at the international -- intercontinental hotel. unleashed his artist in which panel to my immediate left. he is the ceo of john hopkins medicine.

he went undergraduate at m.i.t. where he was not only our star student but captain of the crew didn't. they also coached the crew. when he got his crew work behind him he committed to medicine and subsequently did his work at columbia university. he is an rheumatologist by training and he was therefore many years at the university of iowa carver school of medicine and subsequently became the dean of that medical school before he became the dean of johns hopkins medical school. well andis a doctor as she is a specialist in gastroenterology. -- i am on the johns hopkins board.

i should to close i'm also on the -- on november the board. i'm not a good board member but i am on the board. his father was in the coast guard. he did his undergraduate work at dartmouth where he was an olympic level kayaker. he did his undergraduate work at dartmouth and his medical degree is from the university of pennsylvania. he subsequently trained at harvard and subsequently did work at the university of washington's touches and cancer center, did work at the university of pennsylvania

medical school and he became the head of sloan-kettering in . his wife is also in the family business. she is a cancer researcher. very distinguished. kurt neumann. kurt has the distinction of being a member of our club. well andan athlete as was a base for player in high school. [laughter] he made a mistake and went to the university of north carolina but he has atoned for that by going to duke eccles school.

[laughter] he works at the children's hospital -- brigham children's hospital in boston. came to the children's hospital which are will celebrate its 150th anniversary. is children's hospital achieved by the joseph robert surgical center. he is been a part of the children's help system since 2011. his wife is also in the family business. she is a neonatal nurse practitioner. ask you the first question. when you go to a cocktail party, and do people say i have this pain here, the think i need to

see a doctor? is it cancer? do people ask you this all the time? >> occasionally. >> mostly by me. i you want to help people so think that is some thing you try to do for the folks that you to bebut it is difficult a physician for the certain period of time. i try to tell them to see their own physician. >> i think it is a common thing. summit he put it this out to meet a month ago. health is the new wealth in america. to be looked to feed our families -- maintaining health

-- people look to the physician community. they want to get that wisdom and get that understanding. at every level from my shoulder hurts to what should i do for my health. one of the reasons we are excited to be part of a panel like this is it is a chance to enjoy the bigger cocktail party. >> do you get people ask about their children? >> if they ask me about themselves can say i don't take care of adults, but i actually enjoy those calls about children and having the opportunity to find the right doctor. whoo think some of you hasn't run a big of care system could suddenly be in charge of the big health care system and do a good job? [laughter] what do you think?

[laughter] and was a chief of surgery the children surgeon for almost 30 years when i became ceo. it was a big jump. i'm not sure -- i had better stop there. level, any position today in modern health care is a small business owner. ofy are running a team people. they are trying to deliver a full product. i imagine that physicians dilute themselves into thinking they can do this stuff. they're taking care of the patient's health care and

understanding what it takes to run a health care system. all of us did chairmanships for a number of years. industry you need experience in all levels before you can run a help system in this modern era. as the do you regard most serious health care problem facing the united states? -- said something like spending 8% of gdp on health care. it is unaffordable now and as you look at baby boomers aging it is going to get worst. we really have to deal with the costs involved. i think the cost of health care is the largest issue. when i worked in the white house, gdp was about 7%. but do youbout 8% --

think is the biggest health care problem? many in theince room are focusing on businesses and how do you maintain your business, health care is the single rising cost. to buy wellness for your key employees. on the other side -- but one of the leaders in the medical the entire world. we pioneer on the new devices and techniques. we employ almost 20% of americans. it is two industries. providing quality care at a and maintaining america's innovation edge. i have the privilege of representing the oldest cancer

center throughout the world and all of the time i go to different hospitals in different health care systems. where everyone from the nurses to the physicians trained in the u.s. to get their experience, where are the devices that will all basedhe supplies, on companies and techniques developed in the u.s.. we export that industry throughout the world. in the same time we try to not drag down the american economy. we need to deliver wellness to our population. >> what is the biggest health care problem. >> this is a big part of it. biased.ittle bit but we are not investing in children the way we ought to be. we are not getting the outcome

that we want. we have this tremendous costly health system. today, 10 years after obamacare became law, would you say for obamacare has been a plus or a minus? it didn't have a huge effect one way or another. if you look around the country, the affordable care act did increase something like 20 million people have access to health care that didn't have it before. huge effect.had a that are a number of things we could talk about in terms of the downside, but if you had to talk

major impact on health care in america it is access to health care for 20 million people who didn't have access. >> i think what paul said is right. the expansion of access so people felt that they could go to a doctor because they had insurance is the big positive that we got from obamacare. the american cancer society -- i was with gary a couple weeks ago giving talks. fors able to show that breast cancer, lung cancer and: cancer -- there have been enough years since the start of obama care, people go for screening more effectively when they have insurance. it has driven down the death rate of all three of those cancers. because they had insurance they felt they could go as a right and do that, but there are

complicated things. it is not only net positive and there is room for improvement in u.s. health care. >> i think for children and families that is a big plus. we used to have all of the controversies around pre-existing conditions and we don't hear about that anymore. that is largely because of the rules that came in with the affordable care act. huge when you think of that college-age -- all of the things that go on. staff childtime cap with serious medical donations can run through a million-dollar cap in no time which was prevalent before obamacare. there are three ways it made a big difference for children and families. >> in my experience, they can be parents health-care system after 26 as well. [laughter]

hopkins andup at they say i am sick, i'm in the emergency room -- i don't have any health care or insurance -- do you turn them away? who pays for that? comes through emergency you will take care of them. that is a big thing about american health care. no hospital turns away anybody who needs care. it is essential because health are trying to improve the health of our communities. physicians need to have responsibility and i think people do that at every hospital. at hopkins the whole system is with a hospitals about $100 million per year of complex care. the samen't have problem? >> not as great a problem but we provide support for anyone who

five to our care up to times the poverty limit we will forgive any debt or co-pay. but the biggest place where that makes the difference is in the pediatric population. we take care of the largest number of kids with cancer in the country. to 800 kids with a new diagnosis in new york we take care of. that is devastating for their families. cancer does not respect socioeconomic barriers. >> how much does that cost per year? >> for the kids alone at his $20 million or $30 million. >> you have a lot of kids don't have insurance. >> that is true and even the ones who have insurance is medicaid. over half of the children we take care of -- this represents children in general -- they are

on medicaid, 55%. try to provide access where these kids live, not just wait until they come to the hospital. if we want to be in prince george's county -- it used to be me you would go to the hospital and stay for a couple days or a week and now they try to rush you out it seems. do try to get people out quickly? at what point do you lose money if they stay five or six days. this childbirth going to be an outpatient things soon? [laughter] >> there is definitely a push to get people out of the hospital. the driver is not economic. the driver is that we think people will do better at home than in the hospital. so the main driver for decreasing the length of stay in the hospital it is not economic,

it is because we can do it with can do more at home. took my judgment to school and this and what percentage of outpatient surgery will be in 10 years? and that number is 80%. hip replacement, joint replacement -- because of technological advances, we are able to do it in a different setting. in a hospital if you are really sick and have a complicated illness, the hospital is where you have to be, but if you don't have diseases that increase your risk -- if you dwell with a simple procedure you will do better the less you are in the hospital. how many fans do you have at johns hopkins? hasur whole health system 2000 beds, hopkins hospital has 1100.

peoplet probably 160,000 per year between all of those. we take care of 2.8 million visits as outpatients. today all they care about -- >> the don't look at it like a hotel to fill up the hook of the hotel every night. >> we can get everyone out faster than we can. we run 85 to 90% capacity which is the most that you want to run and it is even up to 100% capacity. we are running as fast as we can. smaller organization and have a 514-bed hospital. for us cancer care has moved

more effective therapies that you see with new medicines and new oncology devices. the treatment time to get cancer under control takes longer. move from an an inpatient disease to an outpatient disease. we made the decision to build an outpatient surgery center. complex print care procedures. facility.n a 50 or you can us a than 23 hours at. we propose to pioneer this out. we thought maybe in a decade we would build to convince 7000 people of our business plan to pay for this facility. we did 7000 in the first year. what we have learned is patients recover more effectively in their own home.

the have lower infections, cost is driven down and they have better satisfaction. right do the education you can gain access to what we have at the hospital but not have to burden hospital with this care mission. 313. have that is smaller compared to these. -- are they filled every night. it is overwhelming. we have a little bit of a different model because kids and families frequently need to be in the hospital more than an adult at home. we are a work school. we big research and innovation center at walter reed. how old can you be and not

get admitted? if you are 21 you're not eligible? >> is this your kid? [laughter] >> at what age do you say you are not the child anymore? >> generally it is in the 18 to 20 range. we have had so much success with certain diseases where children did not survive. certain cancers. most of the families that are used to being taken care of at a certain hospital -- have the environment, the doctors nurses, they keep coming back. see aot uncommon to 50-year-old for that specific condition. >> you have a medical school. it's one of the best in the world. and you accept roughly 3%.

>> 6300 applicants for 120 spots. >> half female, half mail? >> this year the classes more female than male. gpa -- average is three point 91. >> what are these people doing going to college? we can fill our class three times over with people with that gpa. if you just do well in school that is not sufficient. some institutions have a unique ability to change the world and make an impact. are looking for people who did not just do well in school but have demonstrated that they can make an impact in society and the world. donent someone who has something that demonstrates to thehat they will utilize

resources. >> so they do graduate question we justless than 1% -- saw hopkins -- not to brag, but hopkins school of medicine has the highest of any med school. them a we have so few medical we have so few medical schools that are hard to get into. your class had 105 people? factor of medg school has increased in size by 30% over the last six or seven years. the limiting factor is not medical school but the residency slots. after you go to medical school you have to train your residency in whatever specialty. those have been capped by the federal government.

they are paid for by medicaid. they have not increased. there are places for them to train but they are doing a disservice to the students. they are at the point where they are increasingly american medical students. -- nationally, the debt is about $190,000. we have a lot of philanthropy. we're $190,000 of debt. to pay it back quickest to go into plastic surgery? [laughter] thate question is, does large debt influence the specialization of students? [laughter]

so, it is interesting. if they do surveys of the right-wing students and ask that question -- the numb -- of the graduating students and ask that question, the number is fewer th less than 20% say the decision was influenced by their in reality i think a number of them are influenced. >> so they have perfect med cap but can and 4.0's, they tie their shoelaces? do you meet these people? >> i can fill my class with perfect mcats and gpa's. we are looking for people who can interact with people. we do testing in the interview process to make sure they can interact.

we are looking for people who have empathy, who want to go out and serve mankind. this is a holistic interview process where you try to dissect that. -- itn i was growing up, has gone down in recent years. come to my class and inter vivos folks, it are here for every reason you would want to have to

serve mankind. it is not the driving force. up and says my children didn't do well on the mcats but he wants to be a good -- brain surgeon, that makes no difference, right? [laughter] >> i have been aiding for 10 years, and the firewall between admissions is getting larger and taller. i have no goal in admissions at all. >> is cancer in the united states increasing? >> it is increasing, but an important. reason to recognize 100 years ago cancer patients was lower than it was now, but we live 20

years longer, and the major increase in incidence. is is that we live longer and healthier lives. and fortunately cancer is an age of aging and it doubles with every decade of life. americans are living into their 80's and we see greater instances of cancer that basis. our ability to prevent cancers also getting better so our ability to deal with complicated cancer and the improvement of survival has increased. every year since 1990. mortality from cancer has gone down almost 30% in the last 25 years.

>> has the survival rate improved? for colon cancer, drupal are screened. appropriately and projecting into improved numbers. breastre doing a job of exams, we're getting into that kind of number. if it reaches a plateau with all the cancers, talking about breast cancer, we are learning it isn't one disease. for the most common form of breast cancer, cut early in stage one, survival is in the 95% plus. but there are reforms of breast cancer we are learning about where unfortunately we don't have effective therapy, and for those women we took. developed new approaches. that is true of prostate cancer command menu men who get prostate cancer do not have diseases and their lifespan. for a long time without smoking and we have very

effective therapies now. >> in cancers that have the lowest survival rate? >> the 200 lower denies different cancers we have diagnosed by pathology, the two that are relatively common that have almost no effective 30's are pancreatic cancer, because it is the back of the abdomen, and patience and show symptoms and it comes after the tumor is disseminated, because it is an area you don't have a lot of information and you don't feel a and brain cancer and tracks with socioeconomic status in the positive way.

the better your status the more likely you are to get bring cancer today. brain cancerm of as opposed to the childhood form -- >> why is that? >> it correlates with a lot of heard 10nd is why you years ago it might have to do with cell phone use was a good tracker. if you had a cell phone your holding a more socioeconomic status. that is not the cause, but the association, we don't really understand why there's an increase in brain cancer, and this fatal form of brain cancer. we need more research in that particular cancer. >> and today, using your cell phone is not going to cause brain cancer? >> and reliable to suggest other than the association that bring cancer has an increased rate with people with higher

socioeconomic status. the idea your cell phone is the cause is not possible. we see that go away because everybody has a cell phone. >> if you gave away your money, which are chance go down? [laughter] correlation is not the same thing as causation. thinkt is the most common someone comes to the children's room, what is the most common complaint? >> kits come in with different kids comenjuries, -- in with different that's of injuries, whether it is a fracture or situations like that. those aren't the most serious, but the most common. >> how much of your time is spent fundraising? government reimbursement and people paint, i is simply need more money. you spent with percent of your time looking for donors? >> i don't think that way.

i advocate johns hopkins medicine all the time. can bed be with donors, with regulators. i advocate john hopkins all the time, whether it is with potential donors or people. money is from the federal government. billion -- over $4 billion is from government research. people on the hill is important. thatheard a story once somebody was very happy and gave money to john hopkins, and set in my will, i will give a lot more money. that person came in for in operation.

you assure the doctors will do the best job, right? [laughter] >> one of the major donors of john hopkins, we know very well. who lives in new york and he said, you should get money while i am alive. [laughter] goodthink that is a approach to philanthropy from his perspective. can you have a lot of money raised? >> we are a mission-based organization and we are a consular dedicated hospital since 1884 -- we are a cancer dedicated hospital. generation that sees a purpose in what their doing, and if i am honest, 10% is true fundraising, i am out there talking about the importance of our mission and what it means to people.

the hope it gives to patients and families. we benefit in a number of ways. or familympleted, members were part of our efforts of recycling for survival. it is an event in spencer rios, psycho events, where teams come a spin cyclet is event where people come host:6r, and more in 16 cities, and it raises the extra research we need. beyond that, because of what memorial has meant for the understanding of cancer, we are privileged to have 10.5 million living donors. thatven't taken care of

many people, but they believe in the mission we are doing, to decrease human suffering from disease that no one deserves to have. he willdent mixon said have a war on cancer, this is in his first term. will? cancer be eliminated in our there's three different ways to think about cancer, cancer and and has its root in the fact that we regenerate our body all the time and we make our blood cells over all of the time. we make our skin over every two weeks. we make our hair over about everyone hundred days. the process of breaking your arm and we regenerate, you need to repair the tissue. there isa cell divides a chance of making a mistake in copying the information that makes you up that you inherited from mom and that in your dna.

cancer arises from those errors, said there is a natural rate of rotation that occurs just in repair. for us as organisms. unfortunately, that natural rate probably does since there will be incidences of cancer in all of our tissues as we grow older, no matter what we do. today know 85% of cancer is really preventable. is because of things we have done to ourselves. environmental toxins like tobacco, exposure to sun, today i just preventable and identifiable risk is obesity. we don't know why, but it is passed tobacco in a preventable cancer. that is something we can affect an something we can make a difference with an public health measures and others. finally there is some genetic 5% of cancerabout concern people who are fortunately inherited a gene that is involved in our

regeneration process that isn't working properly. breast cancer or the mishmash repair genes that faculties identified and pioneered. >> when people get cancer treatment, let's say chemo, they lose their hair, why do they lose their hair? >> our hair on our head is going every day in our lives. even for those guys who may be hair challenged. [laughter] thehave hair follicles and hair is growing every day, and unfortunately when you get chemotherapy part of the side effect of chemotherapy is it tells every hair follicle to stop growing and start all over again. percent ofs is 100 your hair falls out in a week, and then it goes back. if you have a friend who goes through that, that is what happens. that iscomplication

constantly reminding a patient of what they are going through. that is why it is so upsetting to everyone. >> how much time he spent fundraising and white he called the children's health system? when i became ceo i was a that fewustrated people knew about our hospital, but they don't know what we are doing. with our community, connect, mental health, mobile health. whether it was research we are doing, like these great hospitals. signald to find a way to we are bigger the hospital. we chemical the idea of a andonal children's system, to be honest, i'm not sure it is perfect. there is the,

identity we are the hospital for the children of this region. it is a health system, and those words don't resonate the way children's national, so we're looking at that. on the question of philanthropy, is a big part of my job. i have to be out there and tell our story. there's many people in this room, whether themselves of the company, have supported us. they believe in our mission in taking care of all children, no matter who they are. also being on top of the game of being a top 10 children's hospital in the country. when you are taking care of so we have real problems in washington dc with some of the health disparities. asthma, thisity, is not where they need to be. our hospital takes on that mission. is a big left.

ift. we couldn't do it without philanthropy. there is a direct correlation with all the great things we can do. guest,to say, your honor he has been a tireless supporter for what we are turned to do in the city. >> you are a surgeon by background, why do surgeons want to do something at 7:00 a.m. in the morning? why so early? [laughter] that uphave probably for a couple of hours making rounds and there at the top of their game. they are up early, and you want ts and you'retien at the top of the morning. >> should i have an aspirin every day? [laughter] >> the question is should everyone take aspirin?

if there is no side effects that rtful, i would say yes, but there is side effects. people believe is for the right person, it is someone who is high risk of getting heart disease. that risk could be measured by several ways. if anyone wants to know this they can go online and get the heart risk cap invaders. how much do with you smoke, drink, weight, blood pressure, parents and but that in they cap later in the disease risk of heart disease than 10 years. if risk is 10% greater of having heart disease within 10 years, you should take an aspirin. those tests are not a sophisticated way to measure your heart risks. there are tests you could do, something called a coronary

betweenskill to cost $75 and $100 and can get it at your hospital. that has a much better for the value than an online score. again, if your risk is greater than 10%, you should take an aspirin. people realize you are on the board of merc? [laughter] i would say staton is in the cardiovascular space and something that certainly clinical trials that have been done today have suggested that there is no lower limit for cholesterol. you decrease if you don't have side effects from the drugs. you don't get the muscle aches and pains. get your you cholesterol, the better it will be in the lower incidences of other generative diseases.

i don't know if everyone should take statin. we should go to the individual risk profile. is about cholesterol in this case because that is what it affects. i will put a plug for something much cheaper, and as aspirin. there is compelling evidence that if you can safely take aspirin without the side effects, its ability to decrease inflammation in our intestinal tract from a saugus to stomach the intestines, is dramatically lower the risk -- from the esophagus to stomach the intestines. >> you recommend people get the manual physical>>? >> i definitely recommend it, especially with children. you want to catch things early and make sure that with children, if there is an issue

that it is something simple or andlicated, i think doctors practitioners upping the see people over time is important. >> and there is a discussion that mammograms should be not done as quickly? >> we are seeing different recommendations for different age groups and different risk profiles. on average, i think you have to go to your physician to do this. regular mammography is certainly beneficial, but the frequency is the massive post to your profile, so you need to go to see what your family history is out what own personal history as, what age you are. they all factor into that. >> and prostate? prostate is a complicated

problem because most prostate cancer in men is not going to lead to significant shortage of lives, was men live without impairing their lifespan. but there is still a percentage that progress. the problem is we can identify those so-called prostate cancers that a pathologist has to call prostate cancer. but we can't discriminate is the one you will live with with the rest of your life. most men have diagnosable prostate cancer when they die of other causes in their 80's, but they never knew it and don't you to be treated for it and a are unlikely to actually ever have any disease, so the tests right now are focused on what ?iscriminates someone whether prostate cancer advances programs being offered are watchful waiting where people are using algorithms of multiple blood tests to try to make the decision. or now there isn't one

universally accepted when we can do. prostate cancer, which i'm fortunate to not have had, i know a famous researcher at hopkins and someone asked me if ? would recommend him for eye with a letter and minuses that came in and said, do you think enabling men to maintain their ability to make love after plastic surgery is something that deserves a presidential medal of freedom? [laughter] >> i can see when jim baker like it they presidential freedom, but maybe that is the most important thing? >> you are right, i said it is a nobel peace prize thing. [laughter] crisis. now, the opioid how serious is the crisis? actuallyioid crisis is

one of the great tragedies of america. the tragedy goes back to the fact that opioid deaths and has been present in this country for a while. hitsn't until it started to suburban america and middle-class america at the level it is in now. it has risen to the heights of public view. >> doctors over subscribing? >> there is a huge complexity. i hate to say it, but one of the issues is physicians subscribing -- prescribing opioids, and was driven by the idea that pain is the fifth bottle sign. care if you don't someone is in pain, it get think by regulators who are measuring patient satisfaction and pain scores. there is a drive-through revelatory bodies to decrease

everyone's pain level, and that led to this idea that pain is a bottle son, and if people are measured as, let's make sure i don't get rid of everyone's pain, and it looked to opioids scribing. there is complex causes and pick anyone can tell you why there's an opiate epidemic. it ends up heroin prices came down, and that is also another factor. obesityentioned earlier, and for the first in a long while, what males left experts it in our country is going down in part to obesity. what is the reason? why is obesity such a big problem? problem equally complex of why we lead the world. and being obese america likes to be the first in everything, and

this is not a good one. you look at some of things like the size of an average meal that we eat. people see what it donald's hamburger look like when they open in the 1950's and 1960's until now. we have increased our meal size. there's a lot of important research being done. one interesting and good for a lunch meal -- the average american eats a meal, lunch or dinner, in nine minutes. you don't have to believe me, go to whatever your favorite lunch or dinner shop is. we learned about the physiology of eating and how it is our body knows we have got trish and, and to move on -- we got nutrition. the hormones between your stomach and determining whether you ate something, if it is a but if you have

eaten a role get caloric intake if you do that. the synthesis of that hormone takes 20 minutes. -- the stomach face to have put content for 20 minutes before it can make the hormone to signal back to the brain we ate, it is good, let's move on and flee danger. family eats aench meal and 38 minutes. everybody talks about what is the french or mediterranean diet. it is the sufficient explanation, the time it takes, meal,ly, that they eat a not to over eight. eat. years,gain weight over

not the next month, and we eat much too fast and we don't understand the rules of good nutrition. we are going to see a whole bunch of new paradigms. you think that is the problem, but we now know it is simple carbohydrates, calories, that makes it worse for the obesity epidemic. we have to much simple sugars in our diets. and finally, exercise really does make a difference. body theallows our cuts itself in a way that was for discovered last year, the discovery of a process where we basically clear out ourselves during exercise, on a hormonal basis, and rejuvenate cells. we don't know how much that factors in. when you are obese you don't

exercise as much, it is a compounded problem in that case. >> so jim mcdermott isn't enough, you have to use it -- m equipment is it enough, you need to use it? >> you need to do physical fitness on a daily basis. teenagers, is at all a bigger problem, or drugs? >> i would say alcohol is a much bigger problem. getting back to opioids, the saddest parts of that crisis is to see babies born addicted. we have members of these were the mother has become addicted. and there's all sorts of reasons for this, but the answer may be in research and trying to determine objectively what pain is and how much we need to treat

it. and not just provide prescriptions are lots of drugs. to do it all over again, which go into private equity, or medicine? [laughter] >> you have to think about it. >> we are privileged. [applause] private equity, investment banking, or medicine? incredibly lucky to find medicine as a profession, it is good i am not a good athlete, and i have to tell you even now in my career it is just exciting to wake up every morning and have the opportunity to help people during their most difficult times. [applause] >> investment banking, hedge funds, or medicine? >> i love taking care of children and families. being a ceo is different, but

there are times where maybe being an investment banker might be a good idea. i left with i am doing and having an impact for kids and families in washington dc. [applause] >> thank you all for an interesting conversation. i know all of you and you have been a good jump at the institution and to give forgiveness or time and thoughts. [applause] [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2018] [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. visit ncicap.org] announcer: sunday on q&a, author and former esquire contribute editor robert person on his book, rothman, about the 1968 apollo mission to the moon.

>> i led the major role twice played, and is up with the not the disregarded because that is most of what they wanted to talk about. often believed without their wives they could not have pulled this off. people like many near certain death to go on this thing, it is rushed to launch pad and. then quickly end of thing was for the first time these men needed wives at home who were supportive, not just supportive, but did not reveal to there has been thomas taylor suffering and how terrified they really were. a on c-span --nd q and a on c-span. announcer: up next, our landmark cases series continues life of the 1971 case, new york times versus u.s., the case of publishing of pentagon papers.

the president trump meets president of nigeria, filed by the supreme court argument in the case of immigrant removal provisions. >> listen up. we have a decision. ♪ >> the vote is 6-3. we win. for the honorable supreme court the united states. >> by the market cases.